Introduction:
偶像最初指神明、神像和佛像,后演变成为指代人们所崇拜的对象。而随着韩流文化的影响下,偶像泛指一些流行娱乐明星,比如唱跳歌手,演员等等。刘海燕.(2011).中国当代传媒视野下泛偶像化现象的文化阐释(硕士学位论文,济南大学). 随着互联网以及媒体的发展,偶像产业正在逐步扩大,中国近年来许多选秀节目开始兴起,从2004年湖南卫视推出的《超级女声》音乐选秀节目开始初见雏形。2018年爱奇艺推出了综艺类选秀节目《偶像练习生》,一经播出就成为大热点,节目通过观众投票决定出最终的出道名额,这类养成系偶像逐渐被大众所熟知并且迅速坐拥了大批粉丝。据统计,2020年中国偶像产业总规模达到了惊人的超1300亿,当然在中国偶像团体层出不穷的同时也暴露出了许多的问题和不足。
Originally referring to gods, idols, and Buddha statues, idols evolved to refer to objects of worship. With the influence of Hallyu culture, idols generally refer to some pop entertainment stars, such as singing and dancing singers, actors, and so on. LIU Haiyan. (2011). Cultural Interpretation of Pan-Idolization Phenomenon from the Perspective of Contemporary Chinese Media (Master's thesis, University of Jinan). With the development of the Internet and media, the idol industry is gradually expanding, and many talent shows in China have begun to rise in recent years, starting from the "Super Girl" music talent show launched by Hunan Satellite TV in 2004. In 2018, iQIYI launched the variety show "Idol Trainee", which became a big hit as soon as it was broadcast, and the final debut quota was determined by the audience's voting. According to statistics, the total scale of China's idol industry in 2020 will reach an astonishing more than 130 billion, of course, while Chinese idol groups are emerging one after another, many problems and deficiencies have also been exposed.
https://www.hanspub.org/journal/PaperInformation?paperID=57878
中国的偶像选秀节目搬运于韩国,选拔模式如出一辙,近年来不断的选秀节目涌现在大众视野但似乎都是一个模子刻出来的,大多都是众多练习生加上五到六个导师,甚至连营销模式和舞台效果都十分相似,似乎中国选秀节目一直在原地踏步并没有进行创新,这样的状况在短时间内是十分吸引人的但长期来看会让观众感到疲倦,没有新颖。再者,由于这一类节目的爆火,吸引了许多人去参加,据统计,《青春有你》节目海选收到了一万多张简历,其中包括公司培养出来的,以及没有唱跳经验的素人。这便反映出一个问题,在那么庞大的总人数下,很多素人仅仅参加一个月的培训便能参加节目,那么这类节拔出来的偶像极易有着实力不足的情况。比如杨超越,在《创造101》中她的实力是远远不如其他选拔出来的偶像的,像c位出道的孟美岐拥有三年培训生涯以及在韩国出道的经验。而同时,频繁的偶像选秀节目播出后,有关于此类节目的关注度越来越少,而没有通过选秀节目直接由公司培养出来的成名度高的组合更是屈指可数,可见中国偶像产业的成熟度较低以及缺乏完整的产业链。马馨怡. (2021). 养成偶像产业在中国的发展状况及优化措施. 科技传播 (15), 98-100. doi:10.16607/j.cnki.1674-6708.2021.15.033.
China's idol talent show is moved in Korea, the selection model is the same, in recent years, the continuous talent show has emerged in the public eye, but it seems to be carved out of a mold, most of them are many trainees plus five or six mentors, and even the marketing model and stage effect are very similar, it seems that the Chinese talent show has been standing still and has not innovated, this situation is very attractive in the short term, but in the long run it will make the audience tired, no novelty. Moreover, due to the popularity of this type of program, many people have been attracted to participate, according to statistics, more than 10,000 resumes have been received for the audition of the "Youth with You" program, including amateurs trained by the company and those with no singing and dancing experience. This reflects a problem, with such a large total number of people, many amateurs can participate in the show after only one month of training, so this kind of idol is very likely to have insufficient strength. For example, Yang Beyond, in "Creation 101", her strength is far inferior to other selected idols, like Meng Meiqi, who debuted in the C position, has a three-year training career and debut experience in Korea. At the same time, after the frequent idol talent shows are broadcast, there is less and less attention to such programs, and there are only a handful of high-fame combinations that have not been directly cultivated by the company through talent shows, which shows the low maturity of China's idol industry and the lack of a complete industrial chain. MA Xinyi. (2021). The development status and optimization measures of the idol industry in China. Science & Technology Communication (15), 98-100. doi:10.16607/j.cnki.1674-6708.2021.15.033.
韩国早在20世纪末提出了“文化立国”这一发展方式,而在短短二十年内,“韩流”这一文化输出便成为了韩国经济的主要支柱同时在全球拥有极高的传播度和热度。从1996年开始,k-pop一代团H.O.T到东方神起到BIGBANG,从宝儿(BoA)到少女时代到BLACKPINK,无一不吸引着大家的眼球。其中,韩国偶像团体的出名度更是令人乍舌,2012年由韩国SM娱乐公司推出的组合exo以一首《咆哮》迅速在中国传播并被美国Billboard榜单选为“年度最佳k-pop单曲”,而后又有2017年由BIGHIT 推出的男子组合防弹少年团更是斩获了《美国公告牌音乐奖》中的“最佳社交艺人”奖,这也是首次亚洲艺人获得此奖项,并且成为首个格莱美提名的韩国歌手。同时作为知名韩团,其世界巡演的销售额据美国Billboard新闻发布的票房统计,达到了惊人的1亿1660万美元。由此可见韩国偶像产业的造型能力强以及优秀的盈利能力李媛媛. (2021). “韩流”对中国当代明星文化的影响研究 硕士 (学位论文, 西北师范大学). 硕士 https://link.cnki.net/doi/10.27410/d.cnki.gxbfu.2021.000527 doi:10.27410/d.cnki.gxbfu.2021.000527.
As early as the end of the 20th century, Korea proposed the development method of "cultural nationhood", and in just two decades, the cultural export of "Hallyu" has become the main pillar of Korea's economy and has a high degree of global popularity. Since 1996, the k-pop generation group H.O.T, from Dongfang Shinjin to BIGBANG, from BoA to Girls' Generation to BLACKPINK, has attracted everyone's attention. Among them, the fame of Korea idol groups is even more staggering, in 2012, the group exo launched by Korea's SM Entertainment quickly spread in China with a song "Roar" and was selected as the "best k-pop single of the year" by the United States Billboard chart, and then in 2017, the boy group BTS launched by BIGHIT won the "Best Social Artist" award in the "United States Billboard Music Awards", which is also the first time that an Asian artist has won this award. And became the first Grammy-nominated Korea singer. At the same time, as a well-known Korean group, the sales of its world tour reached a staggering $116.6 million, according to the box office statistics released by United States Billboard News. This shows that the Korea idol industry has strong modeling ability and excellent profitability Li Yuanyuan. (2021). The Influence of "Hallyu" on Contemporary Chinese Star Culture, M.S. (Dissertation, Northwest Normal University). Master's https://link.cnki.net/doi/10.27410/d.cnki.gxbfu.2021.000527 doi:10.27410/d.cnki.gxbfu.2021.000527.
当然,之所以韩国娱乐公司可以造出实力优秀的偶像,当然也离不开练习生时期的培养。因为韩国造星的成熟度和知名度也就导致了偶像出道位竞争的激烈,练习生经过层层选拔进入公司成为练习生,但这并不意味着可以放松,因为有着相当严格的训练制度和淘汰制度,像exo的队长suho的练习生时长达到了惊人的7年,最后才成功出道。同时韩国拥有完整的一条偶像产业链,在团体发新专辑后会有固定的一段时间在舞台上打歌,例如SBS人气歌谣,KBS音乐银行,MBC音乐中心等等。也就是通过团体的表现力去宣传和推广这首新歌,从而增加偶像团体的知名度。而这些都可以为中国偶像团体的发展做一个参考。
Of course, the reason why Korea entertainment companies can create excellent idols is of course inseparable from the training of trainees. Because of the maturity and popularity of Korea's star-making positions, it has also led to fierce competition for idol debut positions, and trainees have been selected to enter the company as trainees through layers of selection, but this does not mean that they can relax, because there is a fairly strict training system and elimination system, like the captain of EXO Suho, the trainee lasted an astonishing 7 years, and finally successfully debuted. At the same time, Korea has a complete idol industry chain, and there will be a fixed period of time to play songs on the stage after the group releases a new album, such as SBS popular songs, KBS Music Bank, MBC Music Center and so on. That is, to promote and promote this new song through the expressiveness of the group, so as to increase the popularity of the idol group. And these can be a reference for the development of Chinese idol groups.
总结来看,韩国偶像团体文化的影响力大,起源早,且具有优势,相较于中国偶像团体文化的较为衰弱和无序,k-pop文化影响颇深,此文化对中国当下娱乐文化的冲击十分强势。而对于中国偶像团体来说,是十分影响自身发展的现象,许多受韩流影响的消费者不愿为了中国偶像团体买单。针对这一现象,通过对韩国偶像团体的分析对比中国偶像团体,主要分析其盈利模式,以此对中国偶像团体发展给出一些针对性的建议,使中国偶像团体发展更加完整化和成熟化,增强其盈利能力,对促进构建中国本土的偶像产业链有重要意义。
In summary, the influence of Korea's idol group culture is large, originated early, and has advantages, compared with the weaker and disorderly Chinese idol group culture, K-pop culture has a deep influence, and the impact of this culture on China's current entertainment culture is very strong. For Chinese idol groups, it is a phenomenon that greatly affects their own development, and many consumers affected by the Korean Wave are unwilling to pay for Chinese idol groups. In response to this phenomenon, through the analysis of Korea idol groups compared with Chinese idol groups, the profit model is mainly analyzed, so as to give some targeted suggestions for the development of Chinese idol groups, make the development of Chinese idol groups more complete and mature, enhance their profitability, and promote the construction of China's local idol industry chain.