采访问题设计：政策制定者
Interview question design: policymakers

1. 政策背景和目标
1. Policy context and objectives

（1）请您简要介绍一下您在政策制定中的职责和工作范围。
(1) Please briefly describe your responsibilities and scope of work in policy development.

我的职责是对国家宪法、法律和法规的实施，政策革举措、决策部署的贯彻执行情况，涉及人民群众切身利益的实际问题解决落实情况等，通过提出意见、批评、建议的方式进行的协商式监督；对政治、经济、文化、社会生活和生态环境等方面的重要问题以及人民群众普遍关心的问题，开展调查研究，反映社情民意，通过调研报告、提案、建议案或其他形式，向政府机关提出意见和建议。
My duties are to supervise the implementation of the Constitution, laws and regulations, the implementation of policies, initiatives and decisions, and the resolution and implementation of practical problems of immediate interest to the people through the form of opinions, criticisms and suggestions; to conduct investigations and researches on important issues in politics, economy, culture, social life and ecological environment, as well as on issues of general concern to the people. (c) Conducting research on important issues in politics, economics, culture, social life and the ecological environment, as well as on issues of general concern to the people, reflecting public sentiment and opinion, and submitting opinions and suggestions to governmental bodies in the form of research reports, proposals, suggestions or other forms.

（2）在您的工作中，您是否曾经参与或负责制定针对弱势群体的政策？这些政策的主要目标是什么？
(2) In your work, have you ever been involved in or responsible for the development of policies targeting vulnerable groups? What are the main objectives of these policies?

我曾参与制定针对扶持弱势群体的政策。出台针对弱势群体政策的目标是，向该群体提供稳定、可持续的支持,帮助弱势群体改善生活质量,让他们能够在整体社会力量的影响下尽可能正常地生活，享受应有的保障和服务，有获得感和尊严感，增强社会凝聚力,促进社会和谐发展。
I have been involved in the development of policies aimed at supporting vulnerable groups. The objective of the policy on vulnerable groups is to provide stable and sustainable support to these groups, to help them improve their quality of life, to enable them to live as normally as possible under the influence of social forces as a whole, to enjoy the guarantees and services they deserve, to have a sense of accessibility and dignity, to enhance social cohesion, and to contribute to the harmonious development of society.

2. 政策标准和流程
2. Policy standards and processes

（1）在制定针对弱势群体的政策时，您会参考哪些标准和指标？
(1) What criteria and indicators do you refer to when developing policies for vulnerable groups?

公共政策的本质属性决定了公共政策必然以社会公正作为自己的价值诉求，因此，政府必须通过公共政策调整，关注并解决弱势群体问题，实现社会富裕文明，保证社会公平公正。要确立符合时代要求的支持弱势群体的政策理念，加快建立完善社会保障和福利体系，提高政策的执行能力。我国公共政策制定中弱势群体保护的两大原则:有利于保护弱势群体利益、有利于激发弱势群体潜能。
The essential attributes of public policy determine that public policy must necessarily take social justice as its own value claim; therefore, the Government must pay attention to and solve the problems of vulnerable groups through public policy adjustments, so as to achieve an affluent and civilized society and to ensure social fairness and justice. It is necessary to establish the policy concept of supporting vulnerable groups in line with the requirements of the times, accelerate the establishment of a perfect social security and welfare system, and improve the implementation capacity of the policy. The two main principles for the protection of vulnerable groups in China's public policymaking are: to help protect the interests of vulnerable groups, and to help stimulate the potential of vulnerable groups.

（2）政策制定的流程是怎样的？包括从政策提案到最终通过的各个阶段。在政策制定过程中，是否有特定的评估机制来衡量政策的潜在影响和效果？
(2) What is the process of policy development? Include stages from policy proposal to final adoption. Is there a specific evaluation mechanism to measure the potential impact and effectiveness of the policy during the policy development process?

政策制定是一个多阶段的过程，涉及多个步骤和考虑因素。以下是政策制定的基本流程：
Policy development is a multi-stage process involving multiple steps and considerations. The following is the basic process of policy development:

问题识别与政策议题提出。这包括识别社会问题、明确政策制定的必要性，并提出政策议题。
Problem identification and policy issue formulation. This includes identifying social problems, clarifying the need for policy development, and proposing policy issues.

政策咨询。智囊团、专家组或专门机构对政策理论和方案进行研究，提出建议。
Policy advice. Think tanks, expert groups or specialized institutions study and make recommendations on policy theories and programmes.

政策议程。将社会问题转化为政策问题，进行系统分析、比较、评价和论证。
Policy agenda. Translating social problems into policy issues for systematic analysis, comparison, evaluation and justification.

政策方案设计。针对问题制定可行的政策方案，包括目标、手段、预算等。
Policy program design. Developing feasible policy options to address the problem, including objectives, instruments, budgets, etc.

征求意见与民主参与。广泛征求社会各界意见，确保政策的民主性和科学性。
Consultation and democratic participation. The views of all sectors of society are widely solicited to ensure the democratic and scientific nature of the policy.

政策决策。领导集体对拟定的各种方案进行总评价和权衡，选择最佳方案。
Policy Decision Making. Leadership collectively evaluates and weighs the various options developed and selects the best option.

政策发布与执行。正式公布政策文本，向社会各界宣传和解读政策，确保政策落地生根。
Policy publication and implementation. Formally publish the text of the policy  to publicize and explain the policy to all sectors of the community to ensure that the policy takes root.

政策评估与调整。对政策的效果进行评估，必要时进行政策和方案的调整。
Policy evaluation and adjustment. Evaluate the effectiveness of policies and make adjustments to policies and programs as necessary.

资源投入与组织准备。确保政策执行的物质保障，设置执行机构和配备执行人员。
Resource input and organizational preparation. Ensure material security for policy implementation by setting up implementing agencies  and staffing them .

监督与奖惩。制定规章制度，确保政策全面、有效实施。
Supervision and rewards and penalties. Regulations are in place to ensure that the policy is fully and effectively implemented.

每个阶段都可能涉及详细的子步骤和考虑因素，确保政策的科学性、合理性和可行性。
Each stage may involve detailed sub-steps and considerations to ensure that the policy is scientific, rational and feasible.

政策评估是公共政策运行的重要阶段，加强公共政策评估，对于检验公共政策效果，决定公共政策的存废都具有十分重要的意义。一般认为，政策评估是指依据一定的标准、程序和方法，对公共政策的效率、效益和价值进行测量、评价的过程，它主旨在于获取公共政策实行的相关信息，以作为据顶政策维持、调整、终结、创新的依据。
Policy evaluation is an important stage in the operation of public policy, and strengthening public policy evaluation is of great significance in testing the effectiveness of public policy and deciding on the survival or abolition of public policy. It is generally recognized that policy evaluation refers to the process of measuring and evaluating the efficiency, effectiveness and value of public policies on the basis of certain criteria, procedures and methods, and that its main purpose is to obtain relevant information on the implementation of public policies to serve as a basis for maintaining, adjusting, terminating and innovating the policies in question.

3. 对神经多样性的了解和支持
3. Understanding and support for neurodiversity

(1)您对神经多样性（如自闭症、注意力缺陷多动障碍等）有了解吗？
(1) Do you know anything about neurodiversity (e.g., autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, etc.)?

“神经多样性”一词常被用于描述那些思维、行为模式或学习方式超出“典型”范围的人。与之相对的大多数人，则被称为“神经典型”。正如“生物多样性”反映了地球上一切生物各不相同，“神经多样性”反映了人类认知、行为方式的个体差异性和丰富度。目前“神经多样性”更多的是作为学术上、行为上的概念，还未见至于官方政府文件中。
The term "neurodiversity" is often used to describe people who think, behave or learn in ways that are outside the "typical" range. The majority of people, by contrast, are called "neurotypical". Just as "biodiversity" reflects the fact that all living things on earth are different, "neurodiversity" reflects the individual variability and richness of human cognitive and behavioral styles. At present, "neurodiversity" is more of an academic and behavioral concept, and has not yet appeared in official government documents.

近来这个新概念所指的对象是那些“学习模式不同、思维模式不同、沟通模式不同”的人士，如孤独症谱系障碍（ASD）、注意力不足过动症（ADHD）、特殊学习障碍（SpLDs，包含阅读障碍dyslexia、运用障碍dyspraxia、运算障碍dyscalculia和书写障碍dysgraphia）和妥瑞综合症（TouretteSyndrome）等的总称。值得注意的是，所有神经多样性所涵盖的大都含有障碍一词，是在强调神经多样人士生活在为绝大多数神经典型人士（简称NT）设计的社会中受到的阻碍。比如当前群众对儿童多动症认识还不足，儿童心理健康服务体系还存在不少短板和弱项，特别是基层服务能力还不能完全满足儿童心理健康服务需求。
Recently, this new concept has come to refer to people who "learn differently, think differently, and communicate differently", such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), specific learning disorders (SpLDs, which includes dyslexia, dyspraxia, dyscalculia, and dysgraphia), and Tourette Syndrome (TSS). dyspraxia, dyscalculia, dysgraphia, and dysgraphia), and TouretteSyndrome. It is worth noting that most of all neurodiversity covered contains the word disorder, to emphasize the impediments to neurodiverse people living in a society designed for the vast majority of neurotypical people (NTs for short). For example, the current public awareness of ADHD in children is still insufficient, and there are still many shortcomings and weaknesses in the children's mental health service system, especially the capacity of grassroots services cannot fully meet the demand for children's mental health services.

(2)目前政府在支持神经多样性群体方面有哪些现有的政策或措施？
(2) What are the existing government policies or measures currently in place to support neurodiversity groups?

特殊教育始终是中国政府高度重视和关心的一项民生事业。十八大报告明确提出支持特殊教育，十九大提出办好特殊教育，十九届五中全会提出完善特殊教育保障机制，二十大进一步提出，强化特殊教育普惠发展。
Special education has always been a livelihood undertaking to which the Chinese Government attaches great importance and concern. The report of the Eighteenth National Congress explicitly proposed support for special education; the Nineteenth National Congress proposed that special education should be provided well; the Fifth Plenary Session of the Nineteenth Central Committee proposed that the safeguard mechanism for special education should be improved; and the Twentieth National Congress further proposed that the development of special education should be strengthened in a mutually beneficial manner.

根据国家卫健委数据，我国儿童孤独症患病率为7‰。儿童孤独症缺乏有效的药物治疗，目前主要治疗途径是康复训练，最佳治疗期为6岁前，如能在3岁前接受科学干预，可不同程度改善患儿症状和预后。中国对孤独症谱系障碍（ASD）群体及其家庭提供了一系列的法律支持和政策保障。这些支持措施涵盖了诊断筛查、康复救助、教育、就业以及生活保障等多个方面，具体的支持措施可能因地区而异。部分地区已经在开展自闭症筛查、评估工作，并且有提议将自闭症筛查纳入新生儿免费筛查项目。
According to data from the National Health Commission, the prevalence of autism among children in China is 7 per thousand. There is a lack of effective drug treatment for childhood autism, and the main treatment pathway at present is rehabilitation training, with the optimal treatment period being before the age of 6. If scientific intervention is received before the age of 3, the symptoms and prognosis of the affected children can be improved to varying degrees. China provides a series of legal supports and policy guarantees for the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) community and their families. These support measures cover a wide range of areas, including diagnostic screening, rehabilitation assistance, education, employment, and livelihood protection, and the specific support measures may vary from region to region. Some regions are already conducting autism screening and assessment, and there are proposals to include autism screening in free newborn screening programs.

国家卫健委：2021年印发《健康儿童行动提升计划（2021-2025年）》，明确提出加强儿童心理行为发育监测与评估，探索建立以儿童孤独症等发育异常为重点，在社区可初筛、县级能复筛、专业医疗机构诊断和康复的服务网络。推动妇幼保健机构、儿童医院、二级以上综合医院、精神专科医院开设儿童精神心理科或儿童心理保健门诊，加强儿童精神心理专科建设，促进儿童心理学科发展。教育部通过扩大孤独症儿童入学机会，持续提升孤独症儿童教育工作水平。中国残联通过加强残疾儿童康复救助。2022年出台《关于印发 0-6 岁儿童孤独症筛查干预服务规范(试行)的通知》，明确为0至6岁儿童提供孤独症筛查干预服务规范）；6岁学龄之前的孤独症儿童，可以进行免费康复训练；6-18岁学龄孤独症儿童，可以去特殊教育学校进行义务教育。2024年1月出台《关于推进儿童医疗卫生服务高质量发展的意见》，明确要提高抑郁、焦虑、多动症、孤独症等心理行为问题和常见精神障碍的筛查识别和处置能力。
The National Health Commission: 2021 issued the Healthy Children Action Enhancement Plan (2021-2025), which explicitly proposes strengthening the monitoring and assessment of children's mental and behavioral development, and exploring the establishment of a service network focusing on developmental abnormalities such as autism in children, which can be initially screened at the community level, rescreened at the county level, and diagnosed and rehabilitated by specialized medical institutions. Maternal and child health-care institutions, children's hospitals, general hospitals above the second level, and psychiatric hospitals have been promoted to open child psychiatry and psychology departments or child mental health-care outpatient clinics, to strengthen the construction of child psychiatry and psychology specialties, and to promote the development of the discipline of child psychology. The Ministry of Education has continued to raise the level of education for autistic children by expanding opportunities for autistic children to enroll in school. The China Disabled Persons' Federation (CDPF) has strengthened rehabilitation and assistance for children with disabilities through. in 2022, it issued the Circular on the Issuance of Service Specifications for Autism Screening and Intervention for Children 0-6 Years of Age (for Trial Implementation), which specifies the service specifications for autism screening and intervention for children 0-6 years of age); autistic children before the age of 6 years of age at school age are eligible for free rehabilitation and training; and autistic children between the ages of 6-18 years of age at school age are eligible to go to special education schools for compulsory education.2024 The Opinions on Promoting the High-Quality Development of Children's Medical and Health Services was issued in January, specifying the need to improve the screening identification and disposition of depression, anxiety, ADHD, autism, and other psycho-behavioral problems and common mental disorders.2025 The Opinions on Promoting the High-Quality Development of Children's Medical and Health Services were also issued in January.

福建省：高度重视孤独症儿童筛查救助工作，努力加强孤独症儿童关爱服务，多举措推进孤独症儿童筛查干预服务体系建设，将孤独症儿童筛查教育纳入《福建省儿童发展纲要（2021-2030年）》。2023年，经省政府同意，省民政厅联合省卫健委、省残联等十三部门印发了《福建省加强孤独症儿童关爱服务的若干措施》，从健全筛查诊治干预康复全链条服务、推进融合教育保障、构筑社会融合支持体系、加强康复服务机构管理、加快人才队伍建设、加强组织保障等六个方面，提出20条措施，加强孤独症儿童关爱服务。2023年，省卫健委制定印发《福建省妇幼保健机构孤独症筛查干预规范化门诊建设标准（试行）》，省级财政投入1300万元，支持13家县级妇幼保健机构开展孤独症门诊规范化建设。
Fujian Province: attaches great importance to the screening and rescue work for children with autism, strives to strengthen the care services for children with autism, promotes the construction of the screening and intervention service system for children with autism with multiple initiatives, and incorporates the screening and education for children with autism into the "Program for the Development of Children in Fujian Province (2021-2030)".2023 With the consent of the provincial government, the provincial Department of Civil Affairs, in conjunction with the Provincial Health Commission, the Provincial Federation of Disabled Persons, and other thirteen departments, has issued the "Fujian Province Several Measures for Strengthening Care Services for Children with Autism", which put forward 20 measures to strengthen care services for children with autism in six aspects, including improving the whole chain of services of screening, diagnosis, treatment, intervention and rehabilitation, promoting the guarantee of integrated education, constructing a social integration support system, strengthening the management of rehabilitation service institutions, accelerating the construction of talent teams, and strengthening the guarantee of the organization. 2023, the Provincial Health Commission formulated and issued the "Standardized Screening and Intervention of Autism Screening in Maternal and Child Health Care Institutions in Fujian Province". Standardized Outpatient Construction Standards for Autism Screening and Intervention in Institutions (for Trial Implementation), and the provincial finance invested 13 million yuan to support 13 county-level maternal and child healthcare institutions to carry out the standardized construction of autism outpatient clinics.

上海市：2024年3月印发《关于加强本市孤独症儿童关爱服务工作的指导意见》。提出到2027年底，上海将建立健全孤独症儿童筛查、评估、诊治、干预、照料等全链条关爱服务体系，从5个方面提出了16条具体举措。
Shanghai: In March 2024, the Guiding Opinions on Strengthening Care Services for Children with Autism in the City were issued. It proposes that by the end of 2027, Shanghai will have established a sound system of care services for autistic children along the entire chain of screening, assessment, diagnosis and treatment, intervention and care, and puts forward 16 specific initiatives in five areas.

(3)您认为当前的支持体系中存在哪些主要的不足之处？
(3) What do you see as the main shortcomings in the current support system?

1.孤独症全周期关爱支持体系尚不完善。当前体系的康复教育服务以0—6岁患者为主，6岁以上患者很难在义务教育机构享受融合教育，又很难找到市场化的大龄孤独症患者服务机构。我国大龄孤独症患者在社会上的融合就业比例不足5%，绝大多数大龄孤独症患者不得不终身依赖家庭，家长年迈或去世后没有社会化的解决方案可供选择，成为孤独症患者家庭的“终极焦虑”。
1. The full-cycle autism care and support system is not yet perfect. The rehabilitation and education services of the current system are dominated by patients aged 0-6 years, and it is difficult for patients aged 6 years or older to enjoy integrated education in compulsory education institutions, or to find market-oriented service institutions for older-age autistic patients. In China, the proportion of older autistic persons who are socially integrated and employed is less than 5 per cent, and the vast majority of older autistic persons are forced to rely on their families for life, with no socialized solutions to choose from when their parents grow old or pass away, which has become the "ultimate anxiety" for families of autistic persons.

2.孤独症康复教育行业缺乏统一标准。我国孤独症康复教育行业尚无国家统一标准，仅有少量地方标准和团体标准，且全部为推荐标准而非强制性标准。服务机构、从业资格、干预方法、服务质量等方面标准不完备，无法有效促进行业机构提供高水平规范化服务，行业主体良莠不齐，从业人员队伍短板突出，专业化人员流失率高，服务模式和干预方法缺乏科学指导，干预效果不尽如人意。
2. The autism rehabilitation and education industry lacks unified standards. China's autism rehabilitation and education industry has no unified national standards, and there are only a small number of local standards and group standards, all of which are recommended rather than mandatory. Incomplete standards for service institutions, qualifications, intervention methods, service quality, and other aspects of the industry are unable to effectively promote the provision of high-level standardized services by industry institutions; the industry is characterized by a wide range of good and bad standards; the shortcomings of the practitioner workforce are prominent; the turnover of specialized personnel is high; the service model and intervention methods lack scientific guidance; and the effects of interventions are not as satisfactory as they could have been.

3.孤独症关爱体系建设规划缺乏系统性。目前，我国大部分地区尚未出台针对孤独症关爱支持体系建设的专项规划，出台相关政策的地区也大都只针对孤独症儿童的关爱服务，缺乏科学缜密、系统全面、着眼长远的孤独症患者全周期关爱支持体系建设规划布局。
3. Lack of systematic planning for the construction of autism care systems. At present, most regions in China have not yet introduced special planning for the construction of autism care and support systems, and most of the regions that have introduced relevant policies have only focused on care services for autistic children, lacking a scientifically meticulous, systematic, comprehensive, and long-term planning layout for the construction of a full-cycle care and support system for autistic persons.

4. 政策通过的可能性
4. Likelihood of policy adoption

（1）在推动新政策（例如针对神经多样性创意人才的支持政策）方面，您认为面临的主要挑战有哪些？
(1) What do you see as the main challenges in promoting new policies (e.g. support policies for neurodiverse creative talent)?

主要挑战在于：
The main challenge is:

①如何完善神经多样性群体的关爱支持体系建设。扩大政策性财政补贴覆盖面，推动政策应享尽享。
① How to improve the construction of a care and support system for neurodiverse groups. Expanding the coverage of policy-based financial subsidies and promoting policy entitlement.

②如何破解神经多样性群体的就业难题，加强对他们的职业素养和技能培训，加强特殊岗位和就业机会的开发。根据美国德雷塞尔大学2015年的研究，美国孤独症青年高中毕业之后，只有58%的人能得到一份工作，其中80%是临时性的。事实上，如何帮助成年孤独症患者自理自立，仍是有待国际社会共同正视的课题。
② How to crack the employment challenges of neurodiverse groups, strengthen their vocational literacy and skills training, and enhance the development of special jobs and employment opportunities. According to a 2015 study by Drexel University in the United States, only 58% of young people with autism in the U.S. can get a job after high school, of which 80% are temporary. As a matter of fact, how to help adults with autism to be self-reliant is still a topic to be faced squarely by the international community together.

③如何加强规划牵引，制定全国性的关爱支持体系建设专项规划。在已有基础上谋划长远发展目标、丰富政策框架、细化行业发展路线图。
(iii) How to strengthen planning traction and formulate a nationwide special plan for the construction of a care and support system. On the basis of the existing foundation, long-term development goals are planned, the policy framework is enriched, and the roadmap for the development of the industry is refined.

（2）政府对新政策的接受度如何？有哪些因素会影响政策的通过？您觉得公众和利益相关者的意见在政策制定过程中起到多大作用？
(2) What is the level of government acceptance of the new policy? What are some of the factors that could affect the adoption of the policy? To what extent do you think public and stakeholder input plays a role in the policy development process?

在现有中国行政框架体系之内，任何领域的政策、举措均由在该领域的具有行政管理职能的政府部门根据法律和行政法规、决定、命令，在本部门的权限范围内制定，按规范程序出台后即予以落实，因此不存在接受度和是否获得通过的问题。
Within the existing Chinese administrative framework, policies and initiatives in any area are formulated by government departments with administrative functions in that area, in accordance with laws and administrative regulations, decisions and orders, and within the scope of their authority, and are implemented once they have been introduced in accordance with the standardized procedures, so there is no question of acceptance or whether they have been adopted.

中国共产党领导的各级政府坚持以人民为中心、全心全意为人民服务，坚持和发展全过程人民民主，始终同人民保持密切联系，积极倾听人民的意见和建议。公众参与和意见征集在中国的政策制定中具有重要作用，政策制定者能够参考相关意见建议，制定出更加符合实际和社会需求的政策，提高可行性和实施效果。
Governments at all levels under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC) adhere to the principle of being people-centered and serving the people wholeheartedly, adhere to and develop people's democracy throughout the entire process, always maintain close contact with the people, and actively listen to the people's opinions and suggestions. Public participation and the collection of opinions play an important role in China's policymaking, as policymakers are able to make reference to the relevant opinions and suggestions and formulate policies that are more in line with reality and the needs of society, and that improve feasibility and effectiveness of implementation.

5. 未来展望
5. Future prospects

（1）您认为有哪些国际经验或成功案例可以借鉴，来改进我们现有的政策？
(1) What international experiences or success stories do you think can be drawn upon to improve our existing policies?

2008年起，联合国大会将每年的4月2日确定为“世界孤独症关注日”，以提高人们对孤独症（自闭症）的认识，呼吁社会各界人士重视、关注孤独症群体。这些病因尚未完全清楚，多国学者普遍认为，孤独症是具有基因易感性个体，在高危因素作用下导致的神经心理发育障碍性疾病。今年的联合国“世界提高孤独症意识日”特别提出，要实现“一个重大转变”，即“摆脱治愈或改变孤独症患者的叙事方式，转而专注于接受、支持和包容孤独症患者，并倡导他们的权利”。古特雷斯在致辞中说国际社会需要更加努力推广包容性教育、平等就业机会，并创造尊重每个人的环境。
Since 2008, the United Nations General Assembly has designated April 2 every year as the World Autism Awareness Day to raise awareness of autism and to call on people from all walks of life to pay attention to the autism community. The cause of autism is not yet fully understood, and scholars from many countries generally agree that autism is a neuropsychological developmental disorder caused by high-risk factors in genetically susceptible individuals. This year's United Nations World Autism Awareness Day specifically calls for "a major shift" away from "curing or changing the narrative of people with autism to one that focuses on acceptance, support and inclusion of people with autism, and advocates for their inclusion. instead focusing on acceptance, support and inclusion of people with autism and advocating for their rights". In his message, Guterres said the international community needed to do more to promote inclusive education, equal employment opportunities and create an environment of respect for everyone.

CST，全称是孤独症谱系障碍及发育迟缓儿童家庭“照顾者康复技能培训”（Caregiver Skills Training）项目，2015年由世界卫生组织、美国公益组织《自闭症之声》、联合国儿童基金会共同发起，旨在通过专业人员对社区卫生保健人员等半专业人员进行培训，再由他们组成的引导师队伍进入患儿家庭培训，从而让父母掌握为患儿提供干预的关键技能。这一项目已在全球30多个国家开展临床研究和预实验，2550个孤独症家庭受益。
CST, or Caregiver Skills Training for Families of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Developmental Delays, was launched in 2015 by the World Health Organization (WHO), Autism Speaks, and UNICEF, with the aim of providing parents with key skills to provide interventions for their children through the training of community health care workers and other semi-professionals by professionals. Professionals train semi-professionals, such as community health care workers, who then form teams of facilitators who go into the homes of affected children to train them in the key skills needed to provide interventions for their children. The program has been clinically studied and pre-tested in more than 30 countries around the world, benefiting 2,550 families with autism.

日本孤独症患者终身养护机构“榉之乡”，或许是一种可以借鉴的成年孤独症患者托养模式。“榉之乡”由康复中心、福利工厂、孤独症家庭式住所三部分组成，享有政府补贴，大龄孤独症患者可以在工作人员的帮助下完成简单的手工作品，自食其力，用售卖作品的钱支付养老费用。
The Zelkova Countryside, a lifelong care facility for autistic people in Japan, may be a model of care for adult autistic people that can be used as a model. "Zelkova consists of a rehabilitation center, a welfare factory, and a family-style home for autistic people, and is subsidized by the government. Older autistic people can earn their own living by completing simple handicrafts with the help of the staff, and pay for their old-age care with the money they earn from the sale of their handicrafts.

(2)在未来，您认为政府应采取哪些措施来更好地支持和包容神经多样性群体，特别是在创意产业中？
(2) In the future, what measures do you think the government should take to better support and include neurodiverse groups, especially in the creative industries?

美国，每年有大约5万神经多样性群体人士进入成年，因而，如何帮助他们独立生活，自食其力也是一个大的课题。能够就业的该群体成年人还很少，需要继续努力。
In the United States, about 50,000 people from the neurodiversity group enter adulthood each year, and thus there is a big issue of how to help them to live independently and be self-supporting. The number of adults from this group who are employable is still very small, and efforts need to be continued.

政府应该大力支持神经多样性群体就业项目，为他们提供一个相对稳定的、可预料的工作氛围，使他们可以在这个环境中变为有贡献的、尽量独立的员工。直接让该群体人士根据从业有意义的工作而获得劳动所得，同时让该群体人士在工作上能有机会与常人触碰并结合。让可以在就业环节中提升自我认同感，与此同时还可以提高公众对他的能力和发展潜力的认知。少数该群体人士因为某些方面的天赋而在某些方面具有超出常人的能力，要对他们合理培养，大力支持，让他们能够成为有竞争力的就业者。
The Government should strongly support employment programs for the neurodiverse group to provide them with a relatively stable and predictable work environment in which they can become contributing and as independent as possible. Directly allow people in this group to earn income for their labor based on the practice of meaningful work, and at the same time allow people in this group to have the opportunity to touch and bond with regular people in their work. It allows for a greater sense of self-identity in the employment process, and at the same time raises public awareness of the person's abilities and potential for development. A small number of people from this group are gifted in certain areas and have abilities that exceed those of ordinary people, so they should be given reasonable training and strong support so that they can become competitive employers.

6.总结
6. Summary

您对本项目有何建议或期望？您是否愿意在未来的项目推进过程中继续提供支持和指导？
What are your suggestions or expectations for this project? Would you be willing to continue to provide support and guidance as the project moves forward in the future?

近年来一个可喜的变化就是，越来越多的声音在呼吁，关注自闭症等神经多样性群体，不能仅仅关注自闭症这个障碍，而更多的应该关注自闭症谱系障碍人士，特别是成年自闭症谱系障碍人士，已经在一定程度上成了社会的共识。社会保障和康复救助工作也在逐步完善。康复、教育、就业、安置和社会保障等几个重要环节中，目前主要资源和力量集中在0—6岁的抢救性康复，融合教育正在起步，而就业和安置方面则相当薄弱，现实需求与社会服务供给之间的矛盾相当突出。康复、教育如果与就业脱节，大龄该群体认人士将闲置家里，无事可做，其康复教育效果将减退，功能障碍将加重，给其自身和家庭带来更大的障碍。
A welcome change in recent years is that more and more voices are calling for attention to be paid to neurodiverse groups such as autism, not just to autism as a disorder, but more attention should be paid to people with autism spectrum disorders, especially adults with autism spectrum disorders, and this has become a social consensus to a certain extent. Social security and rehabilitation assistance are also being gradually improved. Of the several important aspects of rehabilitation, education, employment, resettlement and social security, the main resources and efforts are now focused on rescue rehabilitation for persons aged 0-6, and integrated education is in its infancy, while employment and resettlement are quite weak, and the contradiction between the real needs and the supply of social services is quite prominent. If rehabilitation and education are disconnected from employment, older persons recognizing this group will be idle at home, with nothing to do, and the effects of their rehabilitation and education will diminish and their functional impairment will worsen, bringing greater obstacles to themselves and their families.

据联合国预测，当前80%患有孤独症的成人处于无业状态，我国情况可能更严重，据《中国孤独症家庭需求蓝皮书》报道，成年孤独症就业率不到10%，55.5%的家长对孩子未来一定程度的就业缺乏信心，69.3%的家长认为大龄孤独症的就业培训没有得到应有的重视，72.7%的家长担心自己离开人世后孩子的未来。目前，我国尚无相关扶助政策帮助成年孤独症人士就业，从康复机构或特教学校毕业后普遍面临就业的难题。孤独症孩子长大后的出路，不仅仅是孤独症患者家长的心结，更是全社会应当共同关注的问题。
According to the United Nations' prediction, 80% of adults with autism are currently unemployed, and the situation may be even worse in China. According to the "Blue Book on the Needs of Autistic Families in China", the employment rate of adults with autism is less than 10%, 55.5% of parents lack confidence in their children's future employment to a certain extent, 69.3% of parents believe that job training for older autistic people has not been given the attention it deserves, and 72.7% of parents are worried about their children's future after they leave this world. At present, there is no relevant support policy in China to help adults with autism to find employment, and they generally face difficulties in employment after graduating from rehabilitation institutions or special education schools. The future of autistic children after they grow up is not only a knot in the minds of autistic parents, but also an issue that the whole society should pay attention to together.

建议：本项目能够结合孤独症等多样性神经人士的支持性就业，从制度、培训、企业支持等方面提出实质性、有效性的应对策略。我愿意在未来的项目推进过程中继续提供支持和指导？
Suggestion: This project can propose substantive and effective coping strategies in terms of systems, training, and business support in the context of supported employment for diverse neurological individuals, such as those with autism. I am willing to continue to provide support and guidance in the future progress of the project?