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1 Introduction  1 引言

From July 2023 to October 2023, PHETLAIPHONE GROUP Company carried out a geological preliminary survey of rare earth minerals in the Houimoung and HouiXai mining sections of the MuongQuan mining area in Huaphan Province, Laos.+Detailed investigation work mainly uses manual impact sampling drills (referred to as"Sampling drill") Exploration engineering methods have been used to carry out prospecting work for weathering crust ion adsorption type rare earth minerals, and have achieved certain prospecting results.
2023 年 7 月至 2023 年 10 月，飞来峰集团公司在老挝华潘省猛泉矿区后垌、后昔 矿段开展了稀土矿地质初查工作。+详查工作主要采用人工冲击取样钻（简称 "取样钻"）勘 探工程方法开展风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿找矿工作，取得了一定的找矿成果。

1.1 Work area scope and geographical conditions
1.1 工作区范围和地理条件

The mining area (exploration area) is located in Sannu City, Huaphan Province, Laos, about 95 kilometers away from the 120-degree direction. The geographical coordinates of the center point of the mining area are: 104.442070 East Longitude and 19.810250 North Latitude. It is administratively under the jurisdiction of Mengguan County, Huapan Province. The scope of the working
矿区（勘探区）位于老挝华潘省三努市，距 120 度方向约 95 公里。矿区中心点的地理坐标为东经 104.442070，北纬 19.810250。行政上属华潘省孟关县管辖。工作范围
19 ∘ 55 ′ 13 ′ ′ 19 ∘ 55 ′ 13 ′ ′ 19^(@)55^(')13^('')19^{\circ} 55^{\prime} 13^{\prime \prime} north latitude, covering an area of 3.6 km 2 3.6 km 2 3.6km^(2)3.6 \mathrm{~km}^{2} 。
19 ∘ 55 ′ 13 ′ ′ 19 ∘ 55 ′ 13 ′ ′ 19^(@)55^(')13^('')19^{\circ} 55^{\prime} 13^{\prime \prime} 北纬，面积为 3.6 km 2 3.6 km 2 3.6km^(2)3.6 \mathrm{~km}^{2} 。
There is an asphalt road connecting SosNorthern City, the capital of Huaphan Province, to Muang Quan County, a total distance of 160 kilometers. There are dirt roads from Muang Quan County to Houimoung Village and HouiXai Village, which are the center points of the exploration area. The total distance is 9 kilometers and 17 kilometers respectively. This section of the dirt road can be passed by small cars but not by heavy equipment
有一条柏油路连接华潘省会苏北市与芒全县，全长 160 公里。从芒市到勘探区中心点后垄村和后西村有土路。总里程分别为 9 公里和 17 公里。这段土路小型汽车可以通过，但重型设备无法通过。
trucks. 卡车
The mining area belongs to the hilly landform cut by low mountains in the plateau area, and is located in the intermountain hills and piedmont hills in the northern part of the Huifen Plateau in Laos. The terrain is generally higher in the north, west and lower in the south, with the highest altitude being 1509.0 m , the lowest altitude being 1145.0 m , and the maximum relative height difference being 364 m . The terrain slope is generally 15 − 35 ∘ 15 − 35 ∘ 15-35^(@)15-35^{\circ}, the surface gullies are relatively developed, and the longitudinal slope of the ravine is 25 − 42 ∘ 25 − 42 ∘ 25-42^(@)25-42^{\circ}. The mountains are densely forested and the vegetation is developed.
矿区属高原低山切割丘陵地貌，位于老挝惠芬高原北部的山间丘陵和山腹丘陵区。地势北高南低，最高海拔 1509.0 米，最低海拔 1145.0 米，最大相对高差 364 米。地形坡度一般为 15 − 35 ∘ 15 − 35 ∘ 15-35^(@)15-35^{\circ} ，地表沟谷较发育，沟谷纵坡为 25 − 42 ∘ 25 − 42 ∘ 25-42^(@)25-42^{\circ} 。山上森林茂密，植被发达。
The working area has a tropical Southeast Asian monsoon climate and is located at 20 degrees north latitude. ∘ ∘ ^(@){ }^{\circ}. The climate characteristics are relatively simple. The whole year is divided into two seasons: rainy season and dry season. The rainy season starts from early June to the end of September. The temperature in this season is 16 ∘ C − 30 ∘ C 16 ∘ C − 30 ∘ C 16^(@)C-30^(@)C16^{\circ} \mathrm{C}-30^{\circ} \mathrm{C} and the air humidity is 95 % . ± 95 % . ± 95%.+-95 \% . \pm. The dry season starts from early October to the end of May of the following year. In the dry season, there is only sporadic rainfall due to the influence of the monsoons from the South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean. The average temperature is 15 ∘ C . ± 15 ∘ C . ± 15^(@)C.+-15^{\circ} \mathrm{C} . \pm, sometimes the temperature can drop to 1 ∘ C 1 ∘ C 1^(@)C1^{\circ} \mathrm{C}, and at this time the river water level also drops to the lowest. The average annual rainfall is 2200 mm , the annual average temperature is 15.7 ∘ C 15.7 ∘ C 15.7^(@)C15.7^{\circ} \mathrm{C}, with a maximum of 37 ∘ C 37 ∘ C 37^(@)C37^{\circ} \mathrm{C} and a minimum of 1 ∘ C 1 ∘ C 1^(@)C1^{\circ} \mathrm{C}, and a frost-free period of 360 days.
工作区位于北纬 20 度，属热带东南亚季风气候。 ∘ ∘ ^(@){ }^{\circ} 。气候特征较为简单。全年分为两季：雨季和旱季。雨季从 6 月初开始到 9 月底结束。这个季节的气温为 16 ∘ C − 30 ∘ C 16 ∘ C − 30 ∘ C 16^(@)C-30^(@)C16^{\circ} \mathrm{C}-30^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ，空气湿度为 95 % . ± 95 % . ± 95%.+-95 \% . \pm 。旱季从 10 月初开始，到第二年的 5 月底结束。在旱季，受南海和太平洋季风的影响，只有零星降雨。平均气温为 15 ∘ C . ± 15 ∘ C . ± 15^(@)C.+-15^{\circ} \mathrm{C} . \pm ，有时气温可降至 1 ∘ C 1 ∘ C 1^(@)C1^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ，此时河流水位也降至最低。年平均降雨量为 2200 毫米，年平均气温为 15.7 ∘ C 15.7 ∘ C 15.7^(@)C15.7^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ，最高气温为 37 ∘ C 37 ∘ C 37^(@)C37^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ，最低气温为 1 ∘ C 1 ∘ C 1^(@)C1^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ，无霜期为 360 天。
Main developments in the mining areaLevel V 〜V water system, level IV water system starts from the mining arealt passes through the south side and flows into the mining area from west to east to surround Sandai County. IIILevel water system.
矿区主要发育情况Ⅴ～Ⅴ级水系，Ⅳ级水系起自矿区南侧，自西向东流入矿区，环绕三台县。ⅡI级水系。
The work area is located in Huaphan Province, Laos, which is rich in mineral resources and forestry resources. The local livelihood mainly comes from local agriculture and a small amount of work in nearby mining and forestry. The main food crops are rice and corn, followed by cassava and melon. Fruits, etc. Local labor resources are abundant.
工作区位于老挝华潘省，该省矿产资源和林业资源丰富。当地人的生计主要来自当地的农业以及附近少量的采矿和林业工作。主要粮食作物是水稻和玉米，其次是木薯和甜瓜。水果等。当地劳动力资源丰富。

1.3 Mining rights setting situation
1.3 采矿权设置情况

In July 2023, PHETLAPHONE GROUP Company obtained the pre-inspection license for this area. The coordinates of the inflection point of the mining area are shown in Table 1-1. The exploration area is 35.77 Km 2 35.77 Km 2 35.77Km^(2)35.77 \mathrm{Km}^{2}.
2023 年 7 月， PHETLAPHONE GROUP 公司获得了该区域的预验收许可证。矿区拐点坐标见表 1-1。勘探区为 35.77 Km 2 35.77 Km 2 35.77Km^(2)35.77 \mathrm{Km}^{2} 。
Table 1-1 Inflection point coordinate table of PHETLAIPHONE GROUP exploration area range
表 1-1 PHETLAIPHONE 组勘探区范围拐点坐标表
 转折点号码
turning point
number
turning point number| turning point | | :---: | | number |
 Z Cartesian coordinates (UTM projection)
笛卡尔坐标（UTM 投影）
433385 AND
1 443857 2192241
2 443843 2192205
3 440642 2187594
4 440654 2187604
5 436290 2191293
6 436273 2191308
7 433363 2186390
8 2186400
"turning point number" Z Cartesian coordinates (UTM projection) 433385 AND 1 443857 2192241 2 443843 2192205 3 440642 2187594 4 440654 2187604 5 436290 2191293 6 436273 2191308 7 433363 2186390 8 2186400 | turning point <br> number | Z | Cartesian coordinates (UTM projection) | | :---: | :---: | :---: | | | 433385 | AND | | 1 | 443857 | 2192241 | | 2 | 443843 | 2192205 | | 3 | 440642 | 2187594 | | 4 | 440654 | 2187604 | | 5 | 436290 | 2191293 | | 6 | 436273 | 2191308 | | 7 | 433363 | 2186390 | | 8 | 2186400 | |

1.4 This work situation 1.4 工作情况

1. Overview of exploration work
1.勘探工作概述

From July 2023 to October 2023, in order to determine the industrial resource reserves of rare earth minerals in the area, PHETLAIPHONE GROUP carried out a 45-day geological survey of rare earth minerals within the 35.77 square kilometers exploration area of the MuongQuan mining area, mainly conducting 1 /10000 simple geological survey work, area 32 Km 2 32 Km 2 32Km^(2)32 \mathrm{Km}^{2}, mainly uses manual impact sampling drill (sampling drill) exploration engineering means to control the granite weathering crust ionic rare earth mineralized geological bodies within this range, analyze and study the mineralization geological characteristics of the exploration area, hydrogeological survey, engineering geology and Environmental geological survey work, sampling and testing of various samples, cataloging and compilation of various original geological data, estimation of resource reserves and preparation of local geological census reports.
2023年7月至2023年10月，为确定该地区稀土矿工业资源储量，辉丰集团对盟泉矿区35.77平方公里勘查区内的稀土矿进行了为期45天的地质勘查。77平方公里勘查区，主要开展1/10000简易地质勘查工作，面积 32 Km 2 32 Km 2 32Km^(2)32 \mathrm{Km}^{2} ，主要采用人工冲击取样钻（取样钻）勘查工程手段，对该范围内的花岗岩风化壳离子型稀土矿化地质体进行控制、分析研究勘查区成矿地质特征，开展水文地质调查、工程地质和环境地质调查工作，取样化验各种样品，编目整理各种原始地质资料，估算资源储量，编制地方地质普查报告。

2. Main workload completed
2.完成的主要工作量

(1) Cumulative physical workload completed
(1) 累计完成的物理工作量

Through this 45-day geological exploration of rare earth minerals (July 2023 to October 2023), the exploration engineering method of manual impact sampling drilling was mainly used to conduct a general survey in the mining area.+A detailed investigation has delineated the Houimoung mining section and the HouiXai mining section. Cumulative amount of major physical work completed (Table 1-2):
通过为期 45 天的稀土矿地质勘探（2023 年 7 月至 2023 年 10 月），主要采用人工冲击取样钻探的勘探工程方法对矿区进行了普查+详查，划定了后垌矿段和后溪矿段。累计完成主要实物工作量（表 1-2）：
Table 1-2 List of cumulative workload completed as of October 2023
表 1-2 截至 2023 年 10 月完成的累计工作量清单

序列号
Sequenc
e
number
Sequenc e number| Sequenc | | :--- | | e | | number |
 Name 名称 unit 单位 workload completed 完成的工作量 Remark 备注
1 1/10000 geological survey
1/10000 地质调查		 Km 2 2 ^(2){ }^{2} 公里 2 2 ^(2){ }^{2} 3.2
 中昌区
Zhongchang
District
Zhongchang District| Zhongchang | | :--- | | District |
2 Manual impact sampling dril1
手动冲击取样钻1		 m 2440 147 sampling boreholes in Zhongchang District
中昌地区 147 个取样钻孔
3
 采样
samplin
g
samplin g| samplin | | :--- | | g |

基本分析样本
Basic
analysis
sample
Basic analysis sample| Basic | | :--- | | analysis | | sample |
 pieces 作品 842 Sampling drill 取样钻头
Comprehensive distribution sample
综合分布样本		 pieces 作品 2 Sampling dril1 取样钻1
4 basic analysis 基本分析 item 项目 842 Mine laboratory 矿山实验室
5 Rare earth distribution detection
稀土分布检测		 item 项目 2 Send for domestic testing
送国内检测
"Sequenc e number" Name unit workload completed Remark 1 1/10000 geological survey Km ^(2) 3.2 "Zhongchang District" 2 Manual impact sampling dril1 m 2440 147 sampling boreholes in Zhongchang District 3 "samplin g" "Basic analysis sample" pieces 842 Sampling drill Comprehensive distribution sample pieces 2 Sampling dril1 4 basic analysis item 842 Mine laboratory 5 Rare earth distribution detection item 2 Send for domestic testing| Sequenc <br> e <br> number | | Name | unit | workload completed | Remark | | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | | 1 | 1/10000 geological survey | | Km ${ }^{2}$ | 3.2 | Zhongchang <br> District | | 2 | Manual impact sampling dril1 | | m | 2440 | 147 sampling boreholes in Zhongchang District | | 3 | samplin <br> g | Basic <br> analysis <br> sample | pieces | 842 | Sampling drill | | | | Comprehensive distribution sample | pieces | 2 | Sampling dril1 | | 4 | basic analysis | | item | 842 | Mine laboratory | | 5 | Rare earth distribution detection | | item | 2 | Send for domestic testing |
(2) The investment in exploration funds this time
(2) 这次勘探资金的投入
Based on the completed work volume, the project unit price is calculated according to the “Interim Standards for Exploration Project Cost Budgets”. The cost investment time for this project is from July to October 2023 ( 45 days). Total exploration capital investment qquad\qquad Ten thousand yuan, self-raised funds for PHETLAIPHONE GROUP. For specific cost calculations, please refer to the 2023 exploration fund expenditure table of the MuongQuan mining area (Table 1-2).
根据已完成工程量，按照《勘探工程费用预算暂行标准》计算工程单价。本项目成本投入时间为 2023 年 7 月至 10 月（45 天）。勘探资金总投入 qquad\qquad 万元，为辉绿岩集团自筹资金。具体费用计算详见2023年盟泉矿区勘探资金支出表（表1-2）。

3. Work results achieved 3.取得的工作成果

This exploration work has preliminarily identified the mineralization geological conditions within the mineral rights, the geological characteristics of the mineral deposits and rare earth mineral resource reserves in the mining area, and achieved certain geological results. Through manual impact sampling drilling engineering cataloging and comprehensive geological research, it was found that this area is a weathered crust ion adsorption type small (resource reserve scale) rare earth deposit.
本次勘查工作初步查明了矿权范围内的成矿地质条件、矿床地质特征和矿区稀土矿产资源储量，取得了一定的地质成果。通过人工冲击取样钻探工程编录和综合地质研究，发现该区为风化壳离子吸附型小型（资源储量规模）稀土矿床。
Five rare earth ore bodies (within 2 ore sections) have been roughly delineated in the MuongQuan exploration area, and the mineralized area in the exploration area is predicted to be 3.20 Km . 2 3.20 Km . 2 3.20Km.^(2)3.20 \mathrm{Km} .{ }^{2}, delineate the horizontal projected mineralized area of 1.09 Km 2 1.09 Km 2 1.09Km^(2)1.09 \mathrm{Km}^{2}. A total of five ore bodies, including V1, V2, and V3 in the Houimoung ore section, and V4 and V5 in the HouiXai ore section, are all distributed in the granite clusters, and some are produced in the underlying granite of the albite hornfels (such as the V2 ore body ); The mineral deposits are generally located in the middle and upper parts of the weathering crust, and are produced in layered or layer-like forms. The occurrence is controlled by topographic relief. A single ore block is 120-850m long, 20-260m wide, 4-25m vertically thick, and has an average thickness of 7.48 m ; the REO content of the ore is 0.15 − 1.2 % 0.15 − 1.2 % 0.15-1.2%0.15-1.2 \%, average 0.38 % 0.38 % 0.38%0.38 \%, the coefficient of variation is 37.9 % 37.9 % 37.9%37.9 \%, and the grade is relatively uniform.
沐川勘查区已大致圈定5个稀土矿体（2个矿段内），勘查区预测矿化面积为 3.20 Km . 2 3.20 Km . 2 3.20Km.^(2)3.20 \mathrm{Km} .{ }^{2} ，圈定水平预测矿化面积为 1.09 Km 2 1.09 Km 2 1.09Km^(2)1.09 \mathrm{Km}^{2} 。后垄矿段的V1、V2、V3和后寨矿段的V4、V5共5个矿体均分布在花岗岩群中，有的产于白云石角闪岩的下伏花岗岩中（如V2矿体）；矿床一般位于风化壳的中上部，呈层状或层状产出。其分布受地形起伏的控制。单个矿块长120-850米，宽20-260米，垂直厚度4-25米，平均厚度7.48米；矿石中REO含量为 0.15 − 1.2 % 0.15 − 1.2 % 0.15-1.2%0.15-1.2 \% ，平均 0.38 % 0.38 % 0.38%0.38 \% ，变异系数为 37.9 % 37.9 % 37.9%37.9 \% ，品位相对均匀。
As of October 30, 2023, the total inferred resources ore volume is 12 , 237.280 12 , 237.280 12,237.28012,237.280 tons, the total mixed rare earth oxide resources
截至 2023 年 10 月 30 日，推断资源矿石总量为 12 , 237.280 12 , 237.280 12,237.28012,237.280 吨，混合稀土氧化物资源总量为 12 , 237.280 12 , 237.280 12,237.28012,237.280 吨。
(SREO) are 4,665 tons, and the average grade (SREO) is 0.38 % 0.38 % 0.38%0.38 \%, of which: the ore volume of the Houimoung mine section is 5871.430 tons, and the total volume of mixed rare earth oxides (SREO) 2055 tons, average grade 0.35 % 0.35 % 0.35%0.35 \%; The ore volume of the HouiXai mining section is 6 , 365.850 6 , 365.850 6,365.8506,365.850 tons, the total mixed rare earth oxide (SREO) is 2,610 tons, and the average grade is 0.41 % 0.41 % 0.41%0.41 \%. Calculated based on a mining recovery rate of 80 % 80 % 80%80 \%, the recoverable resources of mixed rare earth oxides (SREO) in the exploration area are 3,732 tons, of which the SREO of the Houimoung mining section is 1,644 tons and the SREO of the HouiXai mining section is 2,088 tons.
(SREO）4665吨，平均品位（SREO） 0.38 % 0.38 % 0.38%0.38 \% ，其中：后垌矿段矿石量5871.430吨，混合稀土氧化物（SREO）总量2055吨，平均品位 0.35 % 0.35 % 0.35%0.35 \% ；后溪矿段矿石量 6 , 365.850 6 , 365.850 6,365.8506,365.850 吨，混合稀土氧化物（SREO）总量2610吨，平均品位 0.41 % 0.41 % 0.41%0.41 \% 。按开采回采率 80 % 80 % 80%80 \% 计算，勘探区混合稀土氧化物（SREO）可采资源量为3732吨，其中后垄矿段混合稀土氧化物可采资源量为1644吨，后海矿段混合稀土氧化物可采资源量为2088吨。

2 Geological characteristics of the mining area
2 矿区的地质特征

2.1 Regional mineralization geological background
2.1 区域成矿地质背景

The geotectonic location of this area: It is located in the southern eastern section of the global Tethys geotectonic domain, at the interface with the West Pacific tectonic domain, and in the northwest-trending Majiang metal element mineralization belt. The geological structure is relatively complex, with multiple stages including arc magmatism in different periods, back-arc marine and continental sedimentation in various eras, arc-continent collision uplift, post-collision extension, and Cenozoic continental sedimentation.
该地区的大地构造位置：该地区位于全球特提斯地质构造域的东南部，与西太平洋构造域交界，地处西北走向的麻江金属元素成矿带。地质构造相对复杂，经历了不同时期的弧岩浆活动、不同时代的弧后海相沉积和大陆沉积、弧-大陆碰撞隆起、碰撞后延伸和新生代大陆沉积等多个阶段。
The exposed strata in the region are mainly Mesozoic and Cenozoic, followed by Upper Proterozoic Paleozoic world. Upper Proterozoic The Paleozoic is mainly developed in the northern and eastern areas, including Upper Proterozoic schist and quartzite, Cambrian shallow metamorphic limestone, shale, sandstone and
该地区出露的地层主要为中生代和新生代，其次为上新生代古生界。上新生代 古生代主要发育在北部和东部地区，包括上新生代片岩和石英岩、寒武系浅变质石灰岩、页岩、砂岩和砾岩。
conglomerate, and Ordovician-Permian marine limestone. Sandstone and argillaceous rock. The Mesozoic is mainly composed of the Middle and Upper Triassic marine limestone, mudstone, sandstone and siltstone exposed in the Sannu area and the Late Triassic-Cretaceous marine and continental interfacial mudstone, sandstone and conglomerate deposits, and A large number of red muddy siltstones, fine sandstones and evaporite systems were formed in the Late Cretaceous. The Cenozoic was developed in the northern mountain valleys and is mainly sandstone, argillaceous rock and a small amount of marl, with lignite layers appearing. Quaternary weathered sedimentary layers are distributed over a large area in the area, and are mainly brick-laterite weathering crusts formed by granite and basalt.
砾岩和奥陶纪-二叠纪海相石灰岩。砂岩和箭状岩。中生代主要由三叠系中、上统出露的海相灰岩、泥岩、砂岩和粉砂岩，三叠系晚期-白垩系海相和大陆界面泥岩、砂岩和砾岩沉积，以及白垩系晚期形成的大量红色泥质粉砂岩、细砂岩和蒸发岩系组成。新生代发育于北部山谷，主要为砂岩、霰岩和少量泥灰岩，并出现褐煤层。第四纪风化沉积层在该地区大面积分布，主要是由花岗岩和玄武岩形成的砖状红柱石风化壳。
Magma intrusion and volcanic activity develop along deep faults and island arc belts to form magmatic belts, forming structural magmatic belts with geotectonic significance. The composition of magmatic rocks is complex, ranging from basic to ultrabasic, neutral to acidic magma. The region is dominated by Permian-Triassic (Indosinian) granite multi-stage magmatic activity, which provides the region with good geological conditions for mineralization. The exposed igneous rocks in the area are mainly MuongQuan granite strains, with a surface exposure area of about 3.5 km . 2 3.5 km . 2 3.5km.^(2)3.5 \mathrm{~km} .^{2}, is a product of late Indosinian invasion. The surface distribution pattern of rock strains shows a northwest-trending long-axis ellipsoid, and the lithology is aluminum-supersaturated dimicite medium-fine-grained granite, medium-fine-grained biotite granite, and quartz monzonite. In addition to granite strains, quartz porphyry dykes, albite
岩浆侵入和火山活动沿深断层和岛弧带发展，形成岩浆带，形成具有大地构造意义的构造岩浆带。岩浆岩成分复杂，从碱性岩浆到超基性岩浆，从中性岩浆到酸性岩浆，不一而足。该地区以二叠纪-三叠纪（印支期）花岗岩多期岩浆活动为主，这为该地区的成矿提供了良好的地质条件。该地区出露的火成岩主要为盟泉花岗岩岩株，地表出露面积约 3.5 km . 2 3.5 km . 2 3.5km.^(2)3.5 \mathrm{~km} .^{2} ，是印支晚期入侵的产物。岩株地表分布形态呈西北向长轴椭圆形，岩性为铝过饱和二长花岗岩中细粒花岗岩、中细粒生物花岗岩、石英单斜岩。除花岗岩纹理外，还有石英斑岩堤、白云石
fine-grained granite dykes, fine-grained muscovite granite dykes and pegmatite dykes are also developed in the area.
该地区还发育细粒花岗岩岩脉、细粒蕈状花岗岩岩脉和伟晶岩岩脉。
The mineral deposits around the mining area mainly include iron ore, kaolin deposits and copper mineralization points.
矿区周围的矿藏主要包括铁矿石、高岭土矿藏和铜矿化点。

2.2 Geological characteristics of the mining area
2.2 采矿区的地质特征

Mining area scope: Houimoung Village in the east and HouiXai Village in the west. The exploration area is 35.77 Km 2 35.77 Km 2 35.77Km^(2)35.77 \mathrm{Km}^{2}, the mining area is 3.2 Km 2 3.2 Km 2 3.2Km^(2)3.2 \mathrm{Km}^{2}. UTM projection rectangular coordinate range: X433363 443843, Y2186390 2192241.
矿区范围：东至后垌村，西至后西村。勘探区为 35.77 Km 2 35.77 Km 2 35.77Km^(2)35.77 \mathrm{Km}^{2} ，开采区为 3.2 Km 2 3.2 Km 2 3.2Km^(2)3.2 \mathrm{Km}^{2} 。UTM投影矩形坐标范围：X433363 443843，Y2186390 2192241。

1. Stratum 1.层

The main exposed strata in the area are the Upper ProterozoiccsCambrian and Permian systems.
该地区主要出露地层为上新生代寒武系和二叠系。
Upper ProterozoiccsCambrian: deep ∼ ∼ ∼\sim An epimetamorphic rock series, the main lithology is schist and quartzite, with a small amount of biotite plagioclase granulite. The rock layers are exposed in the southern and eastern periphery of the mining area.
上新生代寒武纪：深 ∼ ∼ ∼\sim 一种表变质岩系，主要岩性为片岩和石英岩，还有少量的斜长石花岗岩。岩层出露于矿区南部和东部外围。
Middle Permian system: shallow marine facies Deep marine facies sedimentary structures, the main lithologies are mudstone, siltstone, silty shale, feldspathic hornfels and hornfelt mudstone, marl, calcareous siltstone, etc., mainly distributed in the east, west and south of the mining area. It is in intrusive contact with the rock mass, and the rock undergoes thermal contact metamorphism, generally forming hornbeam (sodium-epidote phase). The middle Permian system is exposed in the north, east and south of the mining area.
中二叠统：浅海面深海面沉积构造，主要岩性有泥岩、粉砂岩、粉质页岩、长石角砾岩及角砾泥岩、泥灰岩、钙质粉砂岩等，主要分布在矿区东、西、南三面。与岩体呈侵入接触，岩石发生热接触变质作用，一般形成角闪岩（钠橄相）。中二叠系出露于矿区北部、东部和南部。
Quaternary Holocene: Distributed in intermountain hills, woodlands, piedmont areas, and on both sides of rivers, forming weathered alluvial terraces, with the terraces sloping towards the piedmont riverbed. The binary structure of the sediment is obvious. The upper part is a layer of light red sand and sandy clay, and the lower part is a clay layer, sandy and gravel pebble layer. The gravel is well rounded, well sorted and has a single composition. Thickness 2-20m.
第四纪全新世：分布于山间丘陵、林地、山麓地区和河流两岸，形成风化冲积阶地，阶地向山麓河床倾斜。沉积物的二元结构十分明显。上部为浅红色砂层和砂质粘土层，下部为粘土层、砂砾卵石层。砾石圆整，分选良好，成分单一。厚度为 2-20 米。

2. Structure 2.结构

The mining area is located in a short-axis broad anticline structure composed of the middle Triassic system, with an axial direction of about 340 degrees. Its structural shape is believed to be caused by the intrusion and uplift of the MuongQuan granite strain.
矿区位于由三叠系中统组成的短轴宽大反斜构造中，轴向约为 340 度。其构造形状据信是由盟泉花岗岩应变的侵入和隆起造成的。
The main faults that have been discovered in the mining area are: (1)F1 fault, located at the western boundary from Thorpeside to the exploration area, trending northwest, with hot spring production, trending 328 ∘ 328 ∘ 328^(@)328^{\circ}, and is a reverse fault; (2)F2 fault, located in the southern part of the granite body, is close to It runs east-west and is a transverse fault. The hanging wall moves southward, with an occurrence of 105 ∘ ∠ 78 ∘ 105 ∘ ∠ 78 ∘ 105^(@)/_78^(@)105^{\circ} \angle 78^{\circ}.
矿区已发现的主要断层有(1)F1断层，位于索普塞德至勘探区的西部边界，走向西北，有温泉出露，走向 328 ∘ 328 ∘ 328^(@)328^{\circ} ，为逆断层；(2)F2断层，位于花岗岩体南部，靠近东西走向，为横断断层。挂壁南移，出现 105 ∘ ∠ 78 ∘ 105 ∘ ∠ 78 ∘ 105^(@)/_78^(@)105^{\circ} \angle 78^{\circ} 。
Joint structure: divided into three groups, the first group, the occurrence is 20 ∘ ∼ 30 ∘ ∠ 60 ∘ ∼ 80 ∘ 20 ∘ ∼ 30 ∘ ∠ 60 ∘ ∼ 80 ∘ 20^(@)∼30^(@)/_60^(@)∼80^(@)20^{\circ} \sim 30^{\circ} \angle 60^{\circ} \sim 80^{\circ}, the local dip angle is steep or forms a reverse tendency; the second group, the occurrence is 120 ∘ ∼ 140 ∘ ∠ 60 ∘ ∼ 80 ∘ 120 ∘ ∼ 140 ∘ ∠ 60 ∘ ∼ 80 ∘ 120^(@)∼140^(@)/_60^(@)∼80^(@)120^{\circ} \sim 140^{\circ} \angle 60^{\circ} \sim 80^{\circ}, the local dip angle is steep or forms a reverse tendency; the third group is a horizontal joint. Among the three different groups of joints, the first group is the most developed, the second group is less developed, and the third group is not
关节结构：分为三组，第一组，出现 20 ∘ ∼ 30 ∘ ∠ 60 ∘ ∼ 80 ∘ 20 ∘ ∼ 30 ∘ ∠ 60 ∘ ∼ 80 ∘ 20^(@)∼30^(@)/_60^(@)∼80^(@)20^{\circ} \sim 30^{\circ} \angle 60^{\circ} \sim 80^{\circ} ，局部倾角陡或形成反向倾向；第二组，出现 120 ∘ ∼ 140 ∘ ∠ 60 ∘ ∼ 80 ∘ 120 ∘ ∼ 140 ∘ ∠ 60 ∘ ∼ 80 ∘ 120^(@)∼140^(@)/_60^(@)∼80^(@)120^{\circ} \sim 140^{\circ} \angle 60^{\circ} \sim 80^{\circ} ，局部倾角陡或形成反向倾向；第三组为水平关节。在三组不同的关节中，第一组最发达，第二组较不发达，第三组不发达。
developed. The first group of joints are transformed and intermittently filled with quartz to form quartz veins. The second group of joints are mostly iron-manganese. Material cementing and filling.
发育。第一组节理是由石英转化而来，并间或填充石英，形成石英脉。第二组节理主要为铁锰质地。材料胶结和填充。

3. Magmatic rock 3.岩浆岩

(1) Granite (1) 花岗岩
The exposed magmatic rocks in the mining area are mainly MuongQuan granite strains, with an exposed area of 3.2 Km . 2 3.2 Km . 2 3.2Km.^(2)3.2 \mathrm{Km} .^{2}, is a product of the first and second stages of the mid-Indosinian intrusion (Triassic period 220-240 Ma). The lithology of the second stage of the mid-Indosinian intrusion is aluminum-supersaturated medium-fine-grained biotite granite. The lithology of the intrusive body in the first stage of the middle branch is coarse-grained quartz monzonitic granite.
矿区出露的岩浆岩主要为盟泉花岗岩岩株，出露面积 3.2 Km . 2 3.2 Km . 2 3.2Km.^(2)3.2 \mathrm{Km} .^{2} ，是印支期中期侵入（三叠纪时期，220-240Ma）第一和第二阶段的产物。印支期中期侵入体第二阶段的岩性为铝过饱和中细粒生物花岗岩。中间分支第一阶段侵入体的岩性为粗粒石英单斜花岗岩。
Medium-fine-grained to fine-grained biotite granite is the main ore-forming parent rock. The rock is off-white, and turns khaki or light gray after weathering. The main rock-forming minerals are composed of 29% plagioclase, 31% albite, 30% quartz, and 8% biotite. The accessory minerals are monazite and zircon. . The particle size of the rock-forming minerals is 1 to 3.7 mm , which is medium-fine grained. The accessory minerals are mainly monazite and occur in biotite. Zircon occurs in quartz and feldspar. The rock has an unequal-grained scaly granite metamorphic structure, a metamorphic medium-fine-grained granite texture, and a massive structure.
中细粒至细粒生物花岗岩是主要的成矿母岩。岩石呈类白色，风化后变成卡其色或浅灰色。主要成岩矿物由 29% 的斜长石、31% 的白云石、30% 的石英和 8% 的斜长石组成。附属矿物为独居石和锆石。.成岩矿物的粒度为 1 至 3.7 毫米，属于中细粒。附属矿物主要是独居石，并存在于黑云母中。锆石存在于石英和长石中。岩石具有不等粒鳞片状花岗岩变质结构、中细粒花岗岩变质纹理和块状结构。
Quartz monzogranite, the rock is light flesh red, and becomes brick red after weathering. Main minerals: plagioclase accounts for
石英单斜长岩，岩石呈浅肉红色，风化后变成砖红色。主要矿物：斜长石占
35 % 35 % 35%35 \%, long columnar, euhedral or semi-euhedral; potassium feldspar accounts for 45%, euhedral; quartz: granular , mostly in other shapes, accounting for 18 % 18 % 18%18 \%. The rock has a coarse-grained euhedral or semi-euhedral structure and a massive structure. The mineral composition of fully weathered quartz monzonite is mainly quartz and feldspar, followed byMontmorilloniteandkaolinand other minerals.
35 % 35 % 35%35 \% ，长柱状，优长岩或半优长岩；钾长石占 45%，优长岩；石英：粒状，多为其他形状，占 18 % 18 % 18%18 \% 。岩石具有粗粒的八面体或半八面体结构和块状结构。全风化石英云母的矿物成分主要是石英和长石，其次是蒙脱石和高岭土及其他矿物。
Morphological characteristics of the granite body: The surface distribution pattern is an ellipsoid with a long axis in the north-west direction. Its north, east and south are in intrusive contact relationship with the upper Permian mudstone and siltstone. Judging from the occurrence of the surface contact surface, the northern contact surface has an inclination angle of 20 ∘ 20 ∘ 20^(@)20^{\circ}. The contact surface in the southern and eastern parts of the rock mass is gentle, with an overall dip angle of 15 ∘ 15 ∘ 15^(@)15^{\circ}.
花岗岩体的形态特征：表面分布形态为椭圆形，长轴位于西北方向。其北、东、南三面与上二叠统泥岩、粉砂岩呈侵入接触关系。从表面接触面的出现情况来看，北部接触面的倾角为 20 ∘ 20 ∘ 20^(@)20^{\circ} 。岩体南部和东部的接触面较为平缓，总体倾角为 15 ∘ 15 ∘ 15^(@)15^{\circ} 。
The granite in the northeastern part is strongly albitized and kaolinized locally.
东北部的花岗岩具有强烈的白化和局部高岭土化。
The directly adjacent upper Permian mudstone and siltstone in the north, east and south of the granite strain suffered contact metamorphism, forming a more than 400-meter-thick hornfels-hornfelt metamorphic halo, which is sodium feldspar. Epidote facies, as it moves away from the intrusion, the contact metamorphism of the surrounding rocks gradually weakens.
花岗岩应变北部、东部和南部直接相邻的上二叠统泥岩和粉砂岩遭受接触变质作用，形成400多米厚的角闪石-角闪石变质晕，为钠长石。表长石面，随着远离侵入体，围岩的接触变质作用逐渐减弱。
(2) Weathering characteristics of granite
(2) 花岗岩的风化特性
The mining area is located in the Fenhui Plateau area, cut into hilly landforms and gently undulating terrain.
矿区位于汾渭高原地区，切割成丘陵地形，地势起伏平缓。
The rare earth mineralization parent rock in the area is medium-fine-grained biotite granite in the second stage of the middle Indosinian period. The surface rocks are strongly weathered and are produced in the form of weathering crust. They are divided from top to bottom according to the degree of weathering and lithological characteristics.: There are four layers of topsoil (A) (humus soil layer, residual slope accumulation layer and clay layer), fully weathered granite layer (B), and semi-weathered granite layer ©. The thickness of each layer depends on the type of landform where the rock mass is located. The weathering crust development degree and layering integrity are also different due to changes in different micro-geomorphic locations.
该地区的稀土矿化母岩是印度支那中期第二阶段的中细粒生物花岗岩。表层岩石风化强烈，以风化壳形式产出。根据风化程度和岩性特征，从上到下可分为表层土和表层土：表土层（A）（腐殖土层、残坡积层和粘土层）、全风化花岗岩层（B）和半风化花岗岩层©共四层。每层的厚度取决于岩块所在的地貌类型。风化壳的发育程度和分层完整性也因不同微地貌位置的变化而不同。
Topsoil layer (A): Humus layer: The dark brown humus layer is the top of the weathered crust, where plant roots are developed. It is generally black, dark brown, or reddish brown, and is more sandy than clay, and sometimes contains cuttings and rock blocks; structure It is loose and non-caking; the thickness is generally 0.2 m ∼ 1.2 m 0.2 m ∼ 1.2 m 0.2m∼1.2m0.2 \mathrm{~m} \sim 1.2 \mathrm{~m}, and its rare earth content is very low. Clay layer: The color of this layer is mostly earthy yellow or reddish brown. The color becomes lighter from top to bottom and the iron content decreases. It is located under the humus layer and only the roots of large woody plants can reach this layer. This layer contains high clay content. Quartz particles are relatively sparse, highly viscous, and have good consolidation properties; they are mainly composed of (iron-containing) clay and a small amount of fine quartz particles. Occasionally, there are fragments of granite. The structure is loose and the clay content gradually decreases from top to bottom. The
表土层 (A)：腐殖质层：深褐色腐殖质层是风化壳的顶部，是植物根系生长的地方。一般呈黑色、深褐色或红褐色，沙质多于粘土，有时含有切屑和岩块；结构疏松，不结块；厚度一般为 0.2 m ∼ 1.2 m 0.2 m ∼ 1.2 m 0.2m∼1.2m0.2 \mathrm{~m} \sim 1.2 \mathrm{~m} ，稀土含量很低。粘土层：该层的颜色多为土黄色或红褐色。颜色自上而下变浅，含铁量减少。它位于腐殖质层之下，只有大型木本植物的根系才能到达该层。该层粘土含量较高。石英颗粒相对稀疏，粘性大，固结性能好；主要由（含铁）粘土和少量细小石英颗粒组成。偶尔也有花岗岩碎片。结构松散，粘土含量自上而下逐渐减少。砾岩
quartz particles are relatively sparse, with the particle size not exceeding 3mm. The viscosity gradually decreases from top to bottom, and the looseness gradually increases from top to bottom. The thickness is 1 m to 6 m . The rare earth content of this layer changes unstable. Generally, the rare earth content is less than 0.04%. It can also become a rare earth industrial ore body.
石英颗粒相对稀疏，粒径不超过 3 毫米。粘度自上而下逐渐降低，松散度自上而下逐渐增加。厚度为 1 米至 6 米。该层的稀土含量变化不稳定。一般来说，稀土含量小于 0.04%。也可成为稀土工业矿体。
Fully weathered granite layer (B): The fully weathered granite layer is located under the surface soil layer. The color is mostly light yellow, brick red, gray white, etc.; the texture is relatively uniform, and the main components are clay minerals (40% to 60%) and quartz (20%). ), and the rest are potassium feldspar and mica minerals that have not been completely weathered; most of the rock-forming minerals disintegrate, and the feldspar is mostly replaced by kaolin, which is produced in an earthy shape and feels slippery when rubbed by hand; the quartz particles are coarse and granular in shape, colorless, mostly between 1 mm ∼ 5 mm 1 mm ∼ 5 mm 1mm∼5mm1 \mathrm{~mm} \sim 5 \mathrm{~mm}, a few 8 mm , biotite mostly precipitates iron and becomes discolored, and some of it has been altered into water muscovite. Micro-cracks are very developed, and the cracks are often filled with clay minerals and iron-manganese materials. The structure is loose and not consolidated; from top to bottom, the color gradually becomes uniform, lighter, less viscous, and the degree of looseness gradually increases. This layer is the main ore-bearing layer of weathered crust ion adsorption rare earth deposits. Its thickness varies greatly depending on the type of mineralized rock mass geomorphology and the properties of micro-geomorphic parts, generally 4 m to 30 m .
全风化花岗岩层（B）：全风化花岗岩层位于表土层之下。颜色多为淡黄色、砖红色、灰白色等；质地较为均匀，主要成分为粘土矿物（40%-60%）和石英（20%），其余为未完全风化的钾长石和云母矿物。)，其余为未完全风化的钾长石和云母矿物；成岩矿物大部分解体，长石大部分被高岭土所取代，呈土状产出，用手揉搓有滑腻感；石英颗粒粗大，呈颗粒状，无色，多在 1 mm ∼ 5 mm 1 mm ∼ 5 mm 1mm∼5mm1 \mathrm{~mm} \sim 5 \mathrm{~mm} 之间，少数8毫米，生物岩多析出铁质而变色，部分已变为水云母。微裂隙非常发育，裂隙中经常充填粘土矿物和铁锰物质。结构松散，不固结；自上而下，颜色逐渐均匀，颜色变浅，粘度降低，松散程度逐渐增大。该层是风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿床的主要含矿层。其厚度因矿化岩体地貌类型和微地貌部位性质的不同而有很大差异，一般为 4 米至 30 米。
Semi-weathered granite layer ©: gray white or light flesh red,
半风化花岗岩层©：灰白色或浅肉红色、
basically retaining the color and structure of the original rock, the texture is loose - slightly lumpy, the feldspar is mostly in the form of granules and small pieces, some are rubbed into powder by hand, some are Kaolinization is also developed, and the clay mineral content is less than 30%. The clay content changes correspondingly with the height of the section. The number of feldspar fragments gradually increases downward, and the feldspar dissociation is very incomplete, and the structural characteristics of the original rock can be retained. It is easy to break and loose after knocking. The unweathered original rock fragments at the bottom of this layer gradually increase, and the rock cracks vary in width from 1 mm , and most of them are filled and cemented with iron and manganese materials. The boundaries between the upper part and the fully weathered layer, and between the lower part and weakly weathered granite and bedrock are not very clear, and they all show a gradual transition relationship. Its rare earth content is generally difficult to meet industrial requirements. It is the floor layer of ion-adsorbed rare earth ore bodies, several meters thick, with a slightly weathered layer and fresh bedrock underneath.
基本保留了原岩的颜色和结构，质地疏松--略呈块状，长石多呈颗粒状和小块状，有的用手搓成粉末状，有的高岭土化也很发育，粘土矿物含量小于 30%。粘土含量随断面高度的变化而相应变化。长石碎片数量逐渐向下增加，长石解离很不完全，原岩结构特征得以保留。敲击后易破碎松动。该层底部未风化的原岩碎块逐渐增多，岩石裂隙宽度在 1 毫米左右，大部分裂隙被铁、锰物质填充和胶结。上部与全风化层之间、下部与弱风化花岗岩和基岩之间的界限不是很明显，均呈逐渐过渡关系。其稀土含量一般难以满足工业要求。是离子吸附型稀土矿体的底板层，厚数米，下为微风化层和新鲜基岩。
(3) Dyke rock (3) 堤岩
Fine-grained albite granite veins and pegmatite veins are still developed in the mining area.
矿区内仍发育有细粒白云石花岗岩矿脉和伟晶岩矿脉。
Fine-grained albite granite veins: distributed in the southern part of the rock cluster. Near EW direction ( 10 ∘ ∼ 30 ∘ ∠ 20 ∘ ∼ 40 ∘ 10 ∘ ∼ 30 ∘ ∠ 20 ∘ ∼ 40 ∘ 10^(@)∼30^(@)/_20^(@)∼40^(@)10^{\circ} \sim 30^{\circ} \angle 20^{\circ} \sim 40^{\circ} ), the rock is gray-white, with fine-grained structure and massive structure. The minerals mainly include quartz, feldspar, and some dark minerals. It is strongly albite and sandy in
细粒白云石花岗岩脉：分布于岩群南部。近 EW 向（ 10 ∘ ∼ 30 ∘ ∠ 20 ∘ ∼ 40 ∘ 10 ∘ ∼ 30 ∘ ∠ 20 ∘ ∼ 40 ∘ 10^(@)∼30^(@)/_20^(@)∼40^(@)10^{\circ} \sim 30^{\circ} \angle 20^{\circ} \sim 40^{\circ} ），岩石呈灰白色，细粒结构，块状构造。矿物主要有石英、长石和一些暗色矿物。具有强烈的白云石和砂质特征。
local fully weathered areas. kaolin clay.
高岭土。
Pegmatite veins: Most are irregular in shape, and a few are produced in vein shape. They are common in granite near the inner contact zone. For example, PX09 has vein-like albite pegmatite at an altitude of 1251 meters. The vein is 3.10 m thick and gray-white. Pegmatite structure, massive structure, the main mineral components are: albite 90%, quartz 5%, plagioclase 4%. The lithology of the irregular angular pegmatite produced at the contact surface is felsic-like pegmatite. Quartz and feldspar are often in the form of complete crystals with large surfaces (the largest ones can reach more than ten centimeters). The unequal grained granitic transformation Crystal structure, mottled structure.
伟晶岩矿脉：大多数形状不规则，少数呈脉状生成。它们常见于内接触带附近的花岗岩中。例如，PX09 在海拔 1251 米处有脉状白云母伟晶岩。脉厚 3.10 米，灰白色。伟晶岩结构，块状构造，主要矿物成分为：白云石 90%，石英 5%，斜长石 4%。接触面上产生的不规则角伟晶岩岩性为长英岩类伟晶岩。石英和长石通常呈表面较大的完整晶体形式（最大的晶体可达 10 厘米以上）。不等粒花岗岩转变 晶体结构，斑状结构。

3 Geological characteristics of mineral deposits
3 矿床的地质特征

The MuongQuan rare earth deposit occurs in the northwest-trending MuongQuan granite. At present, 1.09 km of mineralized area of the deposit has been identified. 2 2 ^(2){ }^{2}. The industrial type of the deposit is a granite weathering crust ion adsorption type rare earth deposit. According to different geological factors, it is a “bare foot weathering crust-complete ore body type”.
猛泉稀土矿床位于西北走向的猛泉花岗岩中。目前，已查明该矿床的矿化区域长 1.09 公里。 2 2 ^(2){ }^{2} 。该矿床的工业类型为花岗岩风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿床。根据不同的地质因素，它属于 "裸足风化壳-完整矿体类型"。

3.1 Distribution, morphology, occurrence and scale of ore bodies
3.1 矿体的分布、形态、出现和规模

The distribution altitude of the ore bodies is 1150 − 1450 m 1150 − 1450 m 1150-1450m1150-1450 \mathrm{~m}, all above the local lowest erosion base level ( 1130 m ). The minimum burial depth is 1.50 meters, the maximum burial depth is 16.00 meters, and the average burial depth is 3.00 meters. The predicted mineralized area in the exploration area is 3.2 Km 2 3.2 Km 2 3.2Km^(2)3.2 \mathrm{Km}^{2}, delineate the
矿体分布海拔为 1150 − 1450 m 1150 − 1450 m 1150-1450m1150-1450 \mathrm{~m} ，均在当地最低侵蚀基面（1130 米）以上。最小埋深 1.50 米，最大埋深 16.00 米，平均埋深 3.00 米。勘探区的预测矿化区域为 3.2 Km 2 3.2 Km 2 3.2Km^(2)3.2 \mathrm{Km}^{2} ，划定了
horizontal projected mineralized area of 1.09 Km 2 1.09 Km 2 1.09Km^(2)1.09 \mathrm{Km}^{2}. A total of five ore bodies are circled, including V1, V2, and V3 of the Houimoung ore section and V4 and V5 of the HouiXai ore section.
1.09 Km 2 1.09 Km 2 1.09Km^(2)1.09 \mathrm{Km}^{2} 的水平预测矿化区域。共圈定了五个矿体，包括后垌矿段的 V1、V2 和 V3 以及后溪矿段的 V4 和 V5。
Rare earth ore bodies occur between the fully weathered layer of granite and the bedrock. The formation and distribution of ore bodies are controlled by factors such as rock weathering intensity, degree of weathering and erosion, and surface runoff erosion. The shape of the ore body is layered, layer-like or lenticular in profile. The ore body is thick on the ridges and gradually thins out in the valleys. The exposed bedrock can be seen in the ravines. The shape of the ore body is irregularly distributed on the plane, and its long axis direction is basically consistent with the trend of the mountain. Since the ore-forming parent rock has been divided into several fault blocks by tectonic activity, weathering and erosion, and surface flow, the ore body appears as disconnected surface weathering crust massive ore bodies on the plane.
稀土矿体位于完全风化的花岗岩层和基岩之间。矿体的形成和分布受岩石风化强度、风化和侵蚀程度以及地表径流侵蚀等因素的控制。矿体的形状在剖面上呈层状、层状或透镜状。矿体在山脊上较厚，在山谷中逐渐变薄。在峡谷中可以看到裸露的基岩。矿体形状在平面上呈不规则分布，其长轴方向与山体走向基本一致。由于成矿母岩被构造活动、风化侵蚀和地表流动分割成多个断块，因此矿体在平面上表现为互不相连的地表风化壳块状矿体。
The occurrence of the ore body is basically consistent with the terrain relief. The ore body has a gentle inclination along the ridge, generally 5 − 15 ∘ 5 − 15 ∘ 5-15^(@)5-15^{\circ}; along the hillside, the inclination of the ore body becomes steeper, generally 10 − 25 ∘ 10 − 25 ∘ 10-25^(@)10-25^{\circ}, with an average inclination angle of about 15 ∘ 15 ∘ 15^(@)15^{\circ}.
矿体的出现与地形起伏基本一致。矿体沿山脊倾斜较缓，一般为 5 − 15 ∘ 5 − 15 ∘ 5-15^(@)5-15^{\circ} ；沿山坡倾斜较陡，一般为 10 − 25 ∘ 10 − 25 ∘ 10-25^(@)10-25^{\circ} ，平均倾斜角约为 15 ∘ 15 ∘ 15^(@)15^{\circ} 。
The MuongQuan exploration area is divided into two rare earth element exploration sections (the Houimoung mining section and the HouiXai mining section). Five ore bodies have been initially delineated. The main ore bodies are V1, V2, V3, V4, and V5. A single ore body extends Area 0.09-0.55km² Between them, the ore body generally has a vertical thickness of 4-22m, an average vertical
猛泉勘探区分为两个稀土元素勘探区（后垌矿区和后溪矿区）。初步划定了五个矿体。主要矿体为 V1、V2、V3、V4 和 V5。单个矿体的延伸面积为 0.09-0.55 平方公里，矿体之间的垂直厚度一般为 4-22 米，平均垂直深度为 0.5-0.5 平方公里。
thickness of 7.48m, and a thickness variation coefficient of 56%, which is stable. General grade of ore (SREO) 0.15 − 1.2 % 0.15 − 1.2 % 0.15-1.2%0.15-1.2 \%, average deposit grade (SREO) 0.38 % 0.38 % 0.38%0.38 \%, the variation coefficient is 35 % 35 % 35%35 \%, which is a relatively uniform distribution type. Its main ore body characteristics are as follows:
厚度为 7.48m，厚度变化系数为 56%，比较稳定。矿石一般品位（SREO） 0.15 − 1.2 % 0.15 − 1.2 % 0.15-1.2%0.15-1.2 \% ，矿床平均品位（SREO） 0.38 % 0.38 % 0.38%0.38 \% ，变化系数为 35 % 35 % 35%35 \% ，属较均匀分布类型。其主要矿体特征如下：
  1. No. V1 ore body in Houimoung mining section: engineering control network size 240 × 120 m 240 × 120 m 240 xx120m240 \times 120 \mathrm{~m}, mineralized area 0.13 km 2 0.13 km 2 0.13km^(2)0.13 \mathrm{~km}^{2}, length 350m, maximum width 190m, vertical thickness 4-13m, average vertical thickness 7.30 m , average SREO content 0.30 % 0.30 % 0.30%0.30 \% 。
    后垄矿段 V1 号矿体：工程控制网规模 240 × 120 m 240 × 120 m 240 xx120m240 \times 120 \mathrm{~m} ，矿化面积 0.13 km 2 0.13 km 2 0.13km^(2)0.13 \mathrm{~km}^{2} ，长度 350 米，最大宽度 190 米，垂直厚度 4-13 米，平均垂直厚度 7.30 米，平均 SREO 含量 0.30 % 0.30 % 0.30%0.30 \% 。
  2. No. V2 ore body in Houimoung mining section: engineering control network size 240 × 120 m 240 × 120 m 240 xx120m240 \times 120 \mathrm{~m}, mineralized area 0.09 km 2 0.09 km 2 0.09km^(2)0.09 \mathrm{~km}^{2}, length 310m, width 220 m , vertical thickness 5 − 16 m 5 − 16 m 5-16m5-16 \mathrm{~m}, average vertical thickness 9.20 m , average SREO content 0.50 % 0.50 % 0.50%0.50 \% 。
    后垄矿段 V2 号矿体：工程控制网尺寸 240 × 120 m 240 × 120 m 240 xx120m240 \times 120 \mathrm{~m} ，矿化面积 0.09 km 2 0.09 km 2 0.09km^(2)0.09 \mathrm{~km}^{2} ，长度 310 米，宽度 220 米，垂直厚度 5 − 16 m 5 − 16 m 5-16m5-16 \mathrm{~m} ，平均垂直厚度 9.20 米，平均 SREO 含量 0.50 % 0.50 % 0.50%0.50 \% 。
  3. No. V3 ore body in the Houimoung mining section: basic engineering control network width 120 × 60 m 120 × 60 m 120 xx60m120 \times 60 \mathrm{~m}, mineralized area 0.55 km 2 0.55 km 2 0.55km^(2)0.55 \mathrm{~km}^{2}, length 845 m , maximum width 200 m , vertical thickness 4-18m, average vertical thickness 7.40 m , average SREO content 0.42%。
    后垄矿段 V3 号矿体：基本工程控制网宽度 120 × 60 m 120 × 60 m 120 xx60m120 \times 60 \mathrm{~m} ，矿化面积 0.55 km 2 0.55 km 2 0.55km^(2)0.55 \mathrm{~km}^{2} ，长度 845 米，最大宽度 200 米，垂直厚度 4-18 米，平均垂直厚度 7.40 米，平均 SREO 含量 0.42%。
  4. No. V4 ore body in the HouiXai mining section: Exploration mesh size 240 × 120 m 240 × 120 m 240 xx120m240 \times 120 \mathrm{~m}, mineralized area 0.59 km 2 0.59 km 2 0.59km^(2)0.59 \mathrm{~km}^{2}, length 950 m , maximum width 150 m , vertical thickness 5 − 17 m 5 − 17 m 5-17m5-17 \mathrm{~m}, average vertical thickness 7.50 m , average SREO content 0.42 % 0.42 % 0.42%0.42 \% 。
    后海矿段V4号矿体：勘探目数 240 × 120 m 240 × 120 m 240 xx120m240 \times 120 \mathrm{~m} ，矿化面积 0.59 km 2 0.59 km 2 0.59km^(2)0.59 \mathrm{~km}^{2} ，长度950米，最大宽度150米，垂直厚度 5 − 17 m 5 − 17 m 5-17m5-17 \mathrm{~m} ，平均垂直厚度7.50米，平均SREO含量 0.42 % 0.42 % 0.42%0.42 \% 。
  5. Ore body No. V5 in the HouiXai mining section: Exploration mesh size 240 × 120 m 240 × 120 m 240 xx120m240 \times 120 \mathrm{~m}, mineralized area 0.19 m 2 0.19 m 2 0.19m^(2)0.19 \mathrm{~m}^{2}, length 483 m , maximum width 120 m , vertical thickness 6 − 16 m 6 − 16 m 6-16m6-16 \mathrm{~m}, average vertical thickness 7.60 m , average SREO content 0.37 % 0.37 % 0.37%0.37 \% 。
    后海矿段 V5 号矿体：勘探目数 240 × 120 m 240 × 120 m 240 xx120m240 \times 120 \mathrm{~m} ，矿化面积 0.19 m 2 0.19 m 2 0.19m^(2)0.19 \mathrm{~m}^{2} ，长度483米，最大宽度120米，垂直厚度 6 − 16 m 6 − 16 m 6-16m6-16 \mathrm{~m} ，平均垂直厚度7.60米，平均SREO含量 0.37 % 0.37 % 0.37%0.37 \% 。

3.2 Ore characteristics 3.2 矿石特性

1. Ore type 1.矿石类型

Natural type of ore: granite fully weathered rare earth ore. The upper part is clayey weathered granite ore, and the lower part is sandy clayey weathered granite ore.
矿石自然类型：花岗岩全风化稀土矿。上部为粘土质风化花岗岩矿，下部为砂质粘土质风化花岗岩矿。
Ore industry type: mainly granite weathering crust ion adsorption type rare earth ores. Rare earth elements are mainly found in secondary clay minerals in an ion adsorption state. Clay minerals in weathering crusts are enrichment sites and important carriers of rare earth elements.
矿业类型：主要是花岗岩风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿。稀土元素主要以离子吸附状态存在于次生粘土矿物中。风化壳中的粘土矿物是稀土元素的富集场所和重要载体。
The type of deposit formation is “ionic” rare earth deposit “weathering crust eluviation type rare earth deposit”.
矿床形成类型为 "离子型 "稀土矿床 "风化壳冲积型稀土矿床"。

2. Composition of mineral materials
2.矿物材料的成分

(1) Mineral composition of ore
(1) 矿石的矿物成分
The ore is mainly composed of clay minerals ( 20 % 20 % 20%20 \% to 70 % 70 % 70%70 \% ) such as montmorillonite, halloysite, and halloysite, residual minerals such as quartz, potassium (sodium) feldspar, and mica, and a small amount of difficult-to-weather rare earth minerals and accessory minerals., the ore structure is loose, the humidity is 18 % 18 % 18%18 \%, and the permeability is medium.
矿石主要由蒙脱石、埃洛石、埃洛石等粘土矿物（ 20 % 20 % 20%20 \% ～ 70 % 70 % 70%70 \% ）和石英、钾（钠）长石、云母等残余矿物以及少量难风化稀土矿物和附属矿物组成，矿石结构疏松，湿度 18 % 18 % 18%18 \% ，透水性中等。
(2) Chemical composition of ore
(2) 矿石的化学成分
The ore contains SREO with a general grade of 0.02-0.12%, an average grade of 0.038 % 0.038 % 0.038%0.038 \%, a variation coefficient of 35 % 35 % 35%35 \%, and a relatively uniform grade. On the plane, the grade of ore at the ridge of the mountain top and on the hillside is generally richer, while the grade of ore in the valley and in the steeper terrain below the mountain top is slightly lower; vertically, the middle part of the ore
矿石中含有SREO，一般品位为0.02-0.12%，平均品位为 0.038 % 0.038 % 0.038%0.038 \% ，变化系数为 35 % 35 % 35%35 \% ，品位比较均匀。在平面上，山顶山脊和山腰的矿石品位一般较丰富，山谷和山顶以下地势较陡的地方矿石品位略低；在垂直方向上，矿石的中间部分
layer is the richest, while the upper and lower parts are poorer. The thickness of the surface mineral-free caprock is 3.00 ∼ s 16 m 3.00 ∼ s 16 m 3.00∼s 16m3.00 \sim s 16 \mathrm{~m}, with an average of 5.50 m .
层最富集，而上部和下部较贫乏。表层无矿盖岩厚度为 3.00 ∼ s 16 m 3.00 ∼ s 16 m 3.00∼s 16m3.00 \sim s 16 \mathrm{~m} ，平均 5.50 米。
The rare earth distribution of the ore is shown in Table 3-2. This deposit is a medium-yttrium-europium-rich heavy rare earth ionic phase ore.
矿石的稀土分布情况见表 3-2。该矿床属于中钇富铕重稀土离子相矿石。
Table 3-2 Distribution table of rare earth elements in ores
表 3-2 矿石中稀土元素的分布表
 编号
serial
number
serial number| serial | | :---: | | number |
 La 2 O 3 La 2 O 3 La_(2)O_(3)\mathrm{La}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3} C e O 2 C e O 2 CeO_(2)\mathbf{C e O}_{2} Pr 6 O 1 1 Pr 6 O 1 1 Pr_(6)O_(11)\mathrm{Pr}_{6} \mathrm{O}_{\mathbf{1 1}} N d 2 O 3 N d 2 O 3 Nd_(2)O_(3)\mathbf{N d}_{2} \mathbf{O}_{3} S m 2 O 3 S m 2 O 3 Sm_(2)O_(3)\mathbf{S m}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3} Eu 2 O 3 Eu 2 O 3 Eu_(2)O_(3)\mathrm{Eu}_{\mathbf{2}} \mathrm{O}_{3} G d 2 O 3 G d 2 O 3 Gd_(2)O_(3)\mathbf{G d}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3} T b 4 O 7 T b 4 O 7 Tb_(4)O_(7)\mathbf{T b}_{\mathbf{4}} \mathrm{O}_{7}
HM 23.62 6.97 5.29 17.91 4.27 0.77 3.39 0.53
HX 27.61 6.56 6.45 20.40 4.78 0.87 3.21 0.51
 编号
serial
number
serial number| serial | | :---: | | number |
 Dy 2 O 3 Dy 2 O 3 Dy_(2)O_(3)\mathrm{Dy}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3} Ho 2 O 3 Ho 2 O 3 Ho_(2)O_(3)\mathrm{Ho}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3} Er 2 O 3 Er 2 O 3 Er_(2)O_(3)\mathrm{Er}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3} Tm 2 O 3 Tm 2 O 3 Tm_(2)O_(3)\mathrm{Tm}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3} Yb 2 O 3 Yb 2 O 3 Yb_(2)O_(3)\mathrm{Yb}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3} L u 2 O 3 L u 2 O 3 Lu_(2)O_(3)\mathbf{L u}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3} Y 2 O 3 Y 2 O 3 Y_(2)O_(3)\mathrm{Y}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3} / / ///
HM 4.57 0.86 2.43 0.28 1.78 0.17 28.83 / / ///
HX 3.59 0.68 1.92 0.23 1.47 0.19 21.36 / / ///
"serial number" La_(2)O_(3) CeO_(2) Pr_(6)O_(11) Nd_(2)O_(3) Sm_(2)O_(3) Eu_(2)O_(3) Gd_(2)O_(3) Tb_(4)O_(7) HM 23.62 6.97 5.29 17.91 4.27 0.77 3.39 0.53 HX 27.61 6.56 6.45 20.40 4.78 0.87 3.21 0.51 "serial number" Dy_(2)O_(3) Ho_(2)O_(3) Er_(2)O_(3) Tm_(2)O_(3) Yb_(2)O_(3) Lu_(2)O_(3) Y_(2)O_(3) // HM 4.57 0.86 2.43 0.28 1.78 0.17 28.83 // HX 3.59 0.68 1.92 0.23 1.47 0.19 21.36 //| serial <br> number | $\mathrm{La}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}$ | $\mathbf{C e O}_{2}$ | $\mathrm{Pr}_{6} \mathrm{O}_{\mathbf{1 1}}$ | $\mathbf{N d}_{2} \mathbf{O}_{3}$ | $\mathbf{S m}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}$ | $\mathrm{Eu}_{\mathbf{2}} \mathrm{O}_{3}$ | $\mathbf{G d}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}$ | $\mathbf{T b}_{\mathbf{4}} \mathrm{O}_{7}$ | | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | | HM | 23.62 | 6.97 | 5.29 | 17.91 | 4.27 | 0.77 | 3.39 | 0.53 | | HX | 27.61 | 6.56 | 6.45 | 20.40 | 4.78 | 0.87 | 3.21 | 0.51 | | serial <br> number | $\mathrm{Dy}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}$ | $\mathrm{Ho}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}$ | $\mathrm{Er}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}$ | $\mathrm{Tm}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}$ | $\mathrm{Yb}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}$ | $\mathbf{L u}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}$ | $\mathrm{Y}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}$ | $/$ | | HM | 4.57 | 0.86 | 2.43 | 0.28 | 1.78 | 0.17 | 28.83 | $/$ | | HX | 3.59 | 0.68 | 1.92 | 0.23 | 1.47 | 0.19 | 21.36 | $/$ |

3. Rare earth element enrichment characteristics
3.稀土元素富集特性

Rare earth elements mainly migrate in the form of hydrated cations and are usually enriched and mineralized in the middle and upper parts of the entire weathering layer of the weathering crust. Rare earth elements are generally distributed evenly throughout the weathered layer, but they show regular differences in different parts, and there are sections where rare earth grades are relatively enriched. It has the following enrichment rules:
稀土元素主要以水合阳离子的形式迁移，通常在整个风化壳风化层的中上部富集成矿。稀土元素一般在整个风化层中均匀分布，但在不同部位呈现出规律性差异，有的地段稀土品位相对富集。其富集规律如下：
(1)The rare earth grade in the regolith and the original rock rare earth mineralization show a synchronized growth and decline relationship.(2)Rare earth-enriched sections are mainly distributed in
(1)碎屑岩中的稀土品位与原岩稀土矿化呈同步增长和下降的关系。