[1] Bamboo-Inspired Ultra-Strong Nanofiber-Reinforced Composite Hydrogels Nature Communications, 2025, 16(1): 980. Biological materials, such as bamboo, are naturally optimized composites with exceptional mechanical properties. Inspired by such natural composites, traditional methods involve extracting nanofibers from natural sources and applying them in composite materials, which, however, often results in less ideal mechanical properties. To address this, this study develops a bottom-up nanofiber assembly strategy to create strong fiber-reinforced composite hydrogels inspired by the hierarchical assembly of bamboo. Self-assembled chitosan-sodium alginate nanofibers (CSNFs) are combined with tannic acid (TA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as the interfacial crosslinker and hydrogel matrix, respectively, to emulate the fundamental cellulose-lignin-hemicellulose composition unit of bamboo. Strong interfacial electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding form between the functional groups of these components. These molecular interactions can be further reinforced by constructing higher-order structure through stretch-induced orientation. The resulting composite hydrogel achieves good mechanical performance, including a high tensile strength of up to 60.2 MPa and a simultaneous high strength of 48.0 MPa and ultimate strain of 470%. This approach demonstrates a hierarchical bottom-up strategy to construct strong and robust composite hydrogels by effectively leveraging fundamental molecular interactions. By mimicking bamboo's highly integrated structural composition, it offers a promising solution for creating advanced bioinspired materials with excellent mechanical properties.
[1] 受竹子启发的超强纳米纤维增强水凝胶《自然通讯》，2025，16(1)：980。生物材料，如竹子，是具有卓越机械性能的自然优化复合材料。受此类天然复合材料的启发，传统方法涉及从天然来源提取纳米纤维并将其应用于复合材料，然而，这往往导致机械性能不理想。为了解决这个问题，本研究开发了一种自下而上的纳米纤维组装策略，以创建受竹子分层组装启发的强纤维增强水凝胶。自组装壳聚糖-海藻酸钠纳米纤维（CSNFs）与单宁酸（TA）和聚乙烯醇（PVA）作为界面交联剂和水凝胶基质相结合，以模拟竹子的基本纤维素-木质素-半纤维素组成单元。这些组分的功能团之间形成强烈的界面静电相互作用和氢键。这些分子相互作用可以通过拉伸诱导取向构建更高阶结构进一步得到加强。 该复合水凝胶实现了良好的机械性能，包括高达 60.2 MPa 的拉伸强度、同时具有 48.0 MPa 的高强度和 470%的极限应变。这种方法展示了通过有效利用基本分子相互作用构建强大且坚固的复合水凝胶的分级自下而上的策略。通过模仿竹子高度集成的结构组成，它为创建具有优异机械性能的高级仿生材料提供了一种有希望的解决方案。

[2] Advanced Morphological and Material Engineering for High-Performance Interfacial Iontronic Pressure Sensors Advanced Science, 2025, 12(8). High-performance flexible pressure sensors are crucial for applications such as wearable electronics, interactive systems, and healthcare technologies. Among these, iontronic pressure sensors have garnered particular attention due to their superior sensitivity, enabled by the giant capacitance variation of the electric double layer (EDL) at the ionic-electronic interface under deformation. Key advancements, such as incorporating microstructures into ionic layers and employing diverse materials, have significantly improved sensor properties like sensitivity, accuracy, stability, and response time. This review highlights advancements in flexible EDL pressure sensors, focusing on structural designs and material engineering. These strategies are tailored to optimize key metrics such as sensitivity, detection limit, linearity, stability, response speed, hysteresis, transparency, wearability, selectivity, and multifunctionality. Key fabrication techniques, including micropatterning and externally assisted methods, are reviewed, along with strategies for sensor comparison and guidelines for selecting appropriate sensors. Emerging applications in healthcare, environmental and aerodynamic sensing, human-machine interaction, robotics, and machine learning-assisted intelligent sensing are explored. Finally, this review discusses the challenges and future directions for advancing EDL-based pressure sensors.
[2] 高性能界面离子电子压力传感器的先进形态和材料工程 高级科学，2025，12(8)。高性能柔性压力传感器对于可穿戴电子设备、交互系统和医疗技术等应用至关重要。在这些应用中，由于在变形的离子-电子界面处，电双层（EDL）的巨电容变化赋予了其优异的灵敏度，离子电子压力传感器受到了特别的关注。将微结构引入离子层和采用多种材料等关键进展显著提高了传感器的灵敏度、精度、稳定性和响应时间等性能。本综述重点介绍了柔性 EDL 压力传感器的进展，重点关注结构设计和材料工程。这些策略旨在优化灵敏度、检测限、线性度、稳定性、响应速度、滞后、透明度、可穿戴性、选择性和多功能性等关键指标。 关键制备技术，包括微图案化和外部辅助方法，被综述，同时还有传感器比较策略和选择合适传感器的指南。探讨了医疗保健、环境与气动传感、人机交互、机器人和机器学习辅助智能传感的新兴应用。最后，本综述讨论了推进基于 EDL 的压力传感器的挑战和未来发展方向。

[3] An Impact Localization Method of Composite Fan Blades Based on Stress Wave Features Smart Materials and Structures, 2025, 34(1): 015046-015061. Impact monitoring in real-time is an effective approach to ensure the integrity and safety of aircraft engine composite fan blades. The changing curvature of composite fan blades and the anisotropic nature of the material make it difficult to achieve accurate impact localization with the existing impact monitoring techniques. In this paper, an impact localization method based on stress wave features is proposed to accurately locate impact sources for composite fan blades. Firstly, a sensor array attached to the surface of the fan blade with variable curvatures is used to record the stress waves caused by the impact. Secondly, an adaptive signal decomposition method is used to decompose the original impact signals to obtain the components at different frequency regions. Thirdly, the features of component within the highest frequency region, having a monotonic attenuation relationship with distance and less influenced by material anisotropy, are extracted and fused. Finally, the improved weighted centroid localization algorithm using the fused feature is used to achieve accurate impact localization. Validation is also conducted on a custom-made experimental blade, achieving an average error of 7.9%. The monitoring results demonstrate that the developed method can achieve high-precision impact localization on composite fan blades and it has practical engineering value for monitoring in aerospace engines.
[3] 基于应力波特征的复合材料风扇叶片冲击定位方法 智能材料与结构，2025，34(1): 015046-015061。实时冲击监测是确保飞机发动机复合材料风扇叶片完整性和安全性的有效方法。复合材料风扇叶片的曲率变化和材料的各向异性使得使用现有的冲击监测技术难以实现准确的冲击定位。在本文中，提出了一种基于应力波特征的冲击定位方法，以准确定位复合材料风扇叶片的冲击源。首先，使用附着在具有可变曲率的叶片表面的传感器阵列来记录由冲击引起的应力波。其次，使用自适应信号分解方法将原始冲击信号分解为不同频率区域的成分。第三，提取并融合了最高频率区域内成分的特征，这些特征与距离呈单调衰减关系，受材料各向异性影响较小。 最后，采用融合特征的改进加权质心定位算法用于实现精确的冲击定位。在定制的实验叶片上也进行了验证，平均误差为 7.9%。监测结果表明，该方法可以实现复合材料风扇叶片的高精度冲击定位，并在航空航天发动机的监测中具有实际工程价值。

[4] Negative Swelling and Mechanical Self‐Enhancement Tafe@Pva Photothermal Hydrogel Mediated Via Semi‐Crystallization for Medical Implants Advanced Functional Materials, 2025.
[4] 通过半结晶化介导的负膨胀和机械自增强 Tafe@Pva 光热水凝胶，用于医用植入物，先进功能材料，2025。

[5] Evaporation-Assisted Synthesis of Olympic Gels Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 2025: e202425034. Catenated networks exclusively composed of intertwining rings were first envisioned as "Olympic gels" by Pierre-Gilles de Gennes four decades ago but have not been successfully prepared in artificial materials yet due to the challenge in synthesis. Herein, we present a bio-inspired, evaporation-assisted strategy to address this issue. In our design, the evaporation of liquid catalysts that induce ring-chain equilibrium of polymer systems drives macrocycles to encounter and assists their catenation through reversible cyclization. Complete removal of liquid catalysts stabilizes the resulting ring-interlocked networks by deactivating the catenation-decatenation process. The strategy is demonstrated by the system of hydroxyethyl lipoate (LpHE) and dimethyl formamide (DMF). The results indicate that DMF evaporation leads to the formation of global LpHE polycatenane networks. This evaporation-assisted strategy displays versatility in several tested cyclic monomers, highlighting its potential as a general approach to fabricate ring-interlocked elastomers and topologically intricate materials.
[5] 借助蒸发辅助的奥林匹克凝胶合成法 Angewandte Chemie-International Edition，2025：e202425034。四十年前，皮埃尔-吉勒·德热内斯首次将仅由相互缠绕的环组成的链状网络构想为“奥林匹克凝胶”，但由于合成挑战，这些凝胶尚未在人工材料中成功制备。在此，我们提出了一种生物启发性的、蒸发辅助的策略来解决这一问题。在我们的设计中，诱导聚合物系统环-链平衡的液体催化剂的蒸发驱动大环相遇并辅助其通过可逆环化进行连接。液体催化剂的完全去除通过钝化连接-解连接过程稳定了所得的环状互锁网络。该策略通过羟基乙基脂酸（LpHE）和二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）体系进行了验证。结果表明，DMF 的蒸发导致全球 LpHE 多连接网络的形成。 该蒸发辅助策略在多种测试的环状单体中表现出多功能性，突显了其作为制备环状交联弹性体和拓扑复杂材料的通用方法的潜力。

[6] Long Term Monitoring of Service Performance for Large-Span Continuous Rigid Frame Bridges Based on Distributed Sensing under Moving Vehicle Loads Structures, 2025, 71: 107997-108012.
基于[6]移动车辆荷载结构下分布式传感对大跨度连续刚构桥服务性能的长期监测，2025，71：107997-108012。

[7] Mechanochemistry for on-Demand Polymer Network Materials Macromolecules, 2025, 58(1): 4-17. Contemporary polymer network materials, such as hydrogels and elastomers, require not only enhanced mechanical properties but also adaptability during or after use. Polymer mechanochemistry, which utilizes mechanical force to induce chemical reactions within polymers, has shown great potential in meeting these demands. This Perspective will explore how mechanophores, when integrated into polymer networks, can regulate microscale fracture pathways, either strengthening or weakening the materials. Additionally, it will examine how force-induced bond scission can trigger additional chemical reactions to adaptively adjust the polymer structures for on-demand functions. These force-activated chemical reactions could lead to strategies for strengthening, reshaping, and patterning materials through polymer growth, or, conversely, result in extensive bond scission and material degradation. The Perspective will also highlight the great potential of tough double network hydrogels as mechanochemical materials that can use mechanical energy to drive chemical reactions in an efficient and controllable manner. This opens up new possibilities for developing force-triggered "living materials" similar to biological systems.
[7] 应需聚合网络材料机械化学，2025，58(1): 4-17。当代聚合物网络材料，如水凝胶和弹性体，不仅需要增强的机械性能，还需要在使用过程中或使用后的适应性。利用机械力在聚合物内诱导化学反应的聚合物机械化学，在满足这些需求方面显示出巨大潜力。本文将探讨当机械诱导体集成到聚合物网络中时，如何调节微尺度断裂路径，从而增强或减弱材料。此外，它还将研究力诱导的键断裂如何触发额外的化学反应，以适应性地调整聚合物结构以实现按需功能。这些力激活的化学反应可能导致通过聚合物生长来增强、重塑和图案化材料的策略，或者相反，导致广泛的键断裂和材料降解。 该视角还将强调坚韧双网络水凝胶作为机械化学材料的巨大潜力，这种材料能够以高效可控的方式利用机械能驱动化学反应。这为开发类似生物系统的力触发的“活材料”开辟了新的可能性。

[8] Non-Faradaic Junction Sensing Nature Reviews Materials, 2025, 10(3): 176-190. A non-faradaic junction (NFJ) is a connection between an ionic conductor and an electronic conductor in which no electrochemical reaction takes place. The junction behaves like a capacitor and couples the ionic and electronic currents through chemistry, electricity and entropy. Its charge-voltage curve is sensitive to various environmental signals, allowing it to function as a sensor; because no reaction occurs, the sensing is non-destructive and long-lasting. NFJ sensors have high sensitivity, rapid response and small size, and they can be self-powered. These sensors are familiarly used in electrophysiology of the heart, brain and muscles, and applications are emerging in wearable and implantable devices and soft robotics, as well as in sensing pressure, sound, temperature and chemicals. In this Review, we discuss NFJ sensors, emphasizing the development of devices and materials for each side of the junction. The flexibility in choosing materials enables NFJ sensors to fulfil challenging requirements, such as softness, stretchability, transparency and degradability.
[8] 非法拉第结传感《自然·材料》2025 年，第 10 卷，第 3 期：176-190。非法拉第结（NFJ）是离子导体与电子导体之间的连接，其中不发生电化学反应。该结的行为类似于电容器，通过化学、电和熵将离子电流和电子电流耦合。其电荷-电压曲线对各种环境信号敏感，使其能够作为传感器工作；由于没有反应发生，传感是非破坏性的且持久。NFJ 传感器具有高灵敏度、快速响应和小尺寸，并且可以自供电。这些传感器在心脏、大脑和肌肉的电生理学中得到了广泛应用，并在可穿戴和植入式设备、软体机器人以及压力、声音、温度和化学物质的传感应用中正在出现。在本综述中，我们讨论了 NFJ 传感器，强调结两边的器件和材料的发展。选择材料的灵活性使 NFJ 传感器能够满足如柔软性、可拉伸性、透明性和可降解性等挑战性要求。

[9] Scratch Scoring by a Sheet-Shaped Body Vibrometer in Nocturnal Sleep: A Pilot Study Compared with Infrared Video Recording Acta Dermato-Venereologica, 2025, 105: 6-7. Itching tends to worsen at night in patients with itchy skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis. Unconscious scratching during sleep can exacerbate symptoms, cause sleep disturbances, or reduce quality of life. Therefore, evaluating nocturnal scratching behaviour is important for better patient care. However, no report exists on the specific detection of overnight scratching behaviour of patients with atopic dermatitis using a non-wearable sensor. A novel algorithm was developed to specifically detect scratching behaviour using a non-wearable sheet-shaped body vibrometer placed under the mattress. To evaluate the algorithm, the sleep of 7 patients with atopic dermatitis and 3 healthy participants was simultaneously measured using an infrared camera and the sheet-shaped body vibrometer. Scratching time was then used as the gold standard, which was determined visually from the infrared video. The proposed method of detecting vibration was compared with the conventional method using the activity score measured by a sheet-shaped of the conventional and proposed methods were 0.72 and 0.89, respectively. The Bland-Altman plot results confirmed that the proposed method avoided overestimation of scratching time in patients with short scratching times because it excluded activities other than scratching behaviour, such as turning over.
[9] 使用片状体振计在夜间睡眠中进行抓痕评分：与红外视频记录的比较性试点研究。Acta Dermato-Venereologica，2025，105：6-7。患有瘙痒性皮肤病（如特应性皮炎）的患者，夜间瘙痒往往会加剧。睡眠中的无意识抓挠可能会加重症状、引起睡眠障碍或降低生活质量。因此，评估夜间抓挠行为对于更好的患者护理很重要。然而，目前尚无关于使用非穿戴传感器检测特应性皮炎患者夜间抓挠行为的特定报告。开发了一种新型算法，专门用于检测放置在床垫下的非穿戴片状体振计的抓挠行为。为了评估该算法，使用红外摄像头和片状体振计同时测量了 7 名特应性皮炎患者和 3 名健康参与者的睡眠。然后，将抓挠时间用作金标准，该标准是通过从红外视频中视觉确定来确定的。 所提出检测振动的算法与传统的算法进行了比较，使用传统和所提出方法测量的活动得分分别为 0.72 和 0.89。Bland-Altman 图的结果证实，所提出的方法避免了在抓挠时间短的患者中高估抓挠时间，因为它排除了除抓挠行为之外的活动，如翻身。

[10] Lyotropic "Salty" Tuning for Straightforward Diversification and Anisotropy in Hydrogel Actuators Langmuir, 2025, 41(1): 162-171. The specific ion effect (SIE), the control of polymer solubility in aqueous solutions by the added ions, has been a phenomenon known for more than a century. The seemingly simple nature of the ion-polymer-water interactions can lead to complex behaviors, which have also been exploited in many applications in biochemistry, electrochemistry, and energy harvesting. Here, we show an emerging diversification of actuation behaviors in "salty" hydrogel and hydrogel-paper actuators. SIE controls not only the dehydration speeds but also the water diffusion and mechanical properties of the gels, leading to composite actuation behavior. Most reported thermally activated hydrogel actuators suffer from expensive precursors or complex fabrication processes. This work addresses these issues by using a physicochemical effect displayed within an inexpensive gel with common salts. SIE-controlled anisotropic actuation in geometrically different systems provides a demonstration of how such physicochemical effects can lead to higher complexity in basic soft material design and hydrogel soft robotics.
[10] 液晶“盐调”在凝胶驱动器中的简单多样化及各向异性 Langmuir，2025，41(1)：162-171。特定离子效应（SIE），通过添加的离子控制聚合物在水溶液中的溶解度，是一个已知的超过一个世纪的效应。离子-聚合物-水相互作用的看似简单性质可能导致复杂的行为，这些行为也被广泛应用于生物化学、电化学和能量收集等多个领域。在这里，我们展示了“盐调”水凝胶和水凝胶-纸张驱动器中驱动行为的多样化。SIE 不仅控制了脱水速度，还控制了凝胶的水扩散和机械性能，导致复合驱动行为。大多数报道的热激活凝胶驱动器都存在昂贵的原料或复杂的制造工艺问题。这项工作通过使用廉价的凝胶和常见盐展示的物理化学效应来解决这些问题。 SIE 控制的几何不同系统中的各向异性驱动提供了如何使此类物理化学效应导致基本软材料设计和水凝胶软体机器人更复杂的演示。

[11] A New Polyvinyl Alcohol Lithium Chloride Hydrogel Electrolyte: High Ionic Conductivity and Wide Working Temperature Range Advanced Functional Materials, 2025, 35(11). Polyvinyl alcohol/lithium chloride hydrogel (PVA/LiCl) is one of the most used electrolyte in supercapacitors. Increasing the ionic conductivity and operating temperature range of PVA/LiCl would greatly boost the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors and enhance the devices' environmental adaptability. This is of great significance yet rarely concerned about in energy communities. In this work, SiO2 functionalized PVA/LiCl (PVA-SiO2/LiCl) is experimentally realized with high ionic conductivity and wide operating temperature range. The spectroscopic and theoretical experiments prove that SiO2 significantly regulates cation solvation structure to promote cation-anion pair dissociation and diminish coagulation of PVA chains, increasing ionic conductivity from 19.01 mS cm-1 of PVA/LiCl to 56.17 mS cm-1 of the new electrolyte. SiO2 can also prevent cation-anion association as temperature decreases, and the abundant hydroxyl groups on the SiO2 and the stretched PVA chains tune hydrogen bonds among dipolar water molecules. They effectively expand the operating temperature range of PVA-SiO2/LiCl. PVA-SiO2/LiCl greatly boosts the electrochemical performance of MnO2-based supercapacitor. The design concept developed here opens up a way toward high-performance hydrogel electrolyte development.
[11] 一种新型聚乙烯醇氯化锂水凝胶电解质：高离子电导率和宽工作温度范围 高性能材料，2025，35(11)。聚乙烯醇/氯化锂水凝胶（PVA/LiCl）是超级电容器中最常用的电解质之一。提高 PVA/LiCl 的离子电导率和操作温度范围将极大地提升超级电容器的电化学性能并增强设备的环保适应性。这在能源社区中具有重要意义，但很少受到关注。在本工作中，通过实验实现了具有高离子电导率和宽操作温度范围的 SiO2 功能化 PVA/LiCl（PVA-SiO2/LiCl）。光谱和理论实验证明，SiO2 显著调节阳离子溶剂化结构，促进阴阳离子对解离并减少 PVA 链的凝聚，将离子电导率从 PVA/LiCl 的 19.01 mS cm-1 提高到新电解质的 56.17 mS cm-1。 SiO2 还可以防止随着温度降低的阳离子-阴离子缔合，SiO2 上的丰富羟基和拉伸的 PVA 链调节偶极水分子之间的氢键。它们有效地扩大了 PVA-SiO2/LiCl 的工作温度范围。PVA-SiO2/LiCl 极大地提高了基于 MnO2 的超电容的电化学性能。这里开发的设计理念为高性能水凝胶电解质的发展开辟了途径。

[12] Breaking the Ice: Hofmeister Effect-Inspired Hydrogen Bond Network Reconstruction in Hydrogel Electrolytes for High-Performance Zinc-Ion Batteries Small, 2025, 21(7): e2410746. Gel electrolytes have emerged as a promising solution for enhancing the performance of zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs), particularly in flexible devices. However, they face challenges such as low-temperature inefficiency, constrained ionic conductivity, and poor mechanical strength. To address these issues, this study presents a novel PAMCD gel electrolyte with tunable freezing point and mechanical properties for ZIBs, blending the high ionic conductivity of polyacrylamide with the anion interaction capability of beta-cyclodextrin. Leveraging the Hofmeister effect, the chaotropic anions of ClO4- are integrated to weaken hydrogen bonds, enhancing the mechanical and anti-freezing properties. The chaotropic salt disrupts the hydrogen bond network within water molecules, increasing weaker bonds and forming contact ion pairs, while polyacrylamide chains bind water molecules, further destabilizing hydrogen bonds. These changes improve Zn2+ ion mobility, mechanical resilience, and reduce the freezing point, significantly boosting ZIB performance. Consequently, the Zn-Zn symmetric cells achieve remarkable lifespans over 5290 hours at 0.5 mA cm-2 and 1960 hours at 5 mA cm-2, and the Zn-polyaniline full batteries maintain a high capacity of 100.8 mAh g-1 at 2 A g-1, even at -40 degrees C, over 7600 cycles, showcasing superior cyclability and rate performance.
[12] 打破冰点：受霍夫迈斯特效应启发的氢键网络重构在凝胶电解质中用于高性能锌离子电池 Small，2025，21(7)：e2410746。凝胶电解质已成为提高锌离子电池（ZIBs）性能的有希望解决方案，尤其是在柔性设备中。然而，它们面临着低温效率低、离子电导率受限和机械强度差等挑战。为了解决这些问题，本研究提出了一种新型可调冻结点和机械性能的 PAMCD 凝胶电解质，将聚丙烯酰胺的高离子电导率与β-环糊精的阴离子相互作用能力相结合。利用霍夫迈斯特效应，将 ClO4-的变性阴离子整合以削弱氢键，增强机械和抗冻性能。变性盐破坏了水分子内的氢键网络，增加了弱键并形成接触离子对，而聚丙烯酰胺链则结合水分子，进一步破坏氢键。 这些变化提高了 Zn2+离子的迁移率、机械弹性和降低凝固点，显著提升了 ZIB 的性能。因此，Zn-Zn 对称电池在 0.5 mA cm-2 下达到 5290 小时的惊人寿命，在 5 mA cm-2 下达到 1960 小时，而 Zn-聚苯胺全电池在 2 A g-1 下保持 100.8 mAh g-1 的高容量，即使在-40°C 下，超过 7600 次循环，也展示了优异的循环性和速率性能。

[13] Fabrication, Modification, Interaction Mechanisms, and Applications of Fish Gelatin: A Comprehensive Review International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2025, 288: 138723. Fish gelatin (FG) is an essential natural biopolymer isolated from aquatic sources and has been considered as a feasible substitute for mammalian gelatins. However, its inferior mechanical and gelling properties limit its applications. Consequently, FG has been modified using various methods. This review summarizes the extraction techniques (including traditional acid and alkaline methods, as well as newer technologies such as ultrasonic-assisted and microwave-assisted extraction), modification strategies (mechanical treatments, physical mixing with polysaccharides, utilization of the Hofmeister effect, chemical modifications, etc.), along with their mechanisms of action. Additionally, we discussed the applications of FG and its modified products. Furthermore, this review highlights the safety and prospects for FG and its derivatives. The mechanical properties and biological functions of FGs are enhanced after modification. Thus, modified FG composites exhibit diverse applications in areas such as foaming agents and emulsifiers, food packaging, three-dimensional printing, drug delivery systems and tissue engineering. This paper aims to provide comprehensive information for future research on FG with the intention of broadening its applicability within the industries of food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Nevertheless, the development of tough gels, aerogels, and stimuli-responsive hydrogels based on FG requires further investigation.
[13] 鱼明胶的制备、改性、相互作用机制及其应用：综述 国际生物大分子杂志，2025，288：138723。鱼明胶（FG）是一种从水生来源分离出的重要天然生物大分子，被认为是一种可行的哺乳动物明胶替代品。然而，其较差的机械性能和凝胶性能限制了其应用。因此，FG 已采用各种方法进行改性。本综述总结了提取技术（包括传统的酸碱法以及超声辅助和微波辅助提取等新技术），改性策略（机械处理、与多糖的物理混合、利用霍夫迈斯特效应、化学改性等），以及它们的作用机制。此外，我们还讨论了 FG 及其改性产品的应用。此外，本综述突出了 FG 及其衍生物的安全性和前景。改性后，FG 的机械性能和生物功能得到增强。 因此，经过修改的 FG 复合材料在发泡剂和乳化剂、食品包装、三维打印、药物递送系统和组织工程等领域具有多种应用。本文旨在为 FG 未来的研究提供全面信息，旨在扩大其在食品、化妆品和制药等行业中的应用。然而，基于 FG 的坚韧凝胶、气凝胶和刺激响应水凝胶的开发需要进一步研究。

[14] Phytic Acid‐Induced Gradient Hydrogels for Highly Sensitive and Broad Range Pressure Sensing Advanced Materials, 2025, 37(9): 2417978-2417992.
[14] 2025 年，高级材料，37(9)：2417978-2417992，由肌醇六磷酸诱导的梯度水凝胶用于高灵敏度和宽范围压力传感。

[15] Jellyfish-Inspired High-Sensitivity Pressure-Temperature Sensor Advanced Functional Materials, 2025, 35(12): 2417715. In recent years, biomimetic high-sensitivity tactile sensors increasingly become a research focus. Specifically, hydrogel tactile sensors based on ionic-electronic mechanisms gain widespread attention due to their excellent pressure sensitivity. However, due to the saturation deformation of sensitive elements, these sensors struggle to accurately measure pressure under high-pressure conditions. Additionally, as hydrogels cause signal drift under constant pressure and ionic-electronic mechanisms are susceptible to temperature interference, these characteristics limit their application. Inspired by the jellyfish's "mesoglea" and "ectoderm" structures, a novel tactile sensor is developed that combines the ionic-electronic mechanism with a filling structure. This sensor integrates the hydrogel with a flexible framework to create a jellyfish-like umbrella structure. This design achieves extremely high pressure sensitivity and improves signal drift. By utilizing the different response characteristics of the capacitance and resistance values of a single sensing element to pressure and temperature changes, it enables simultaneous measurement of temperature and pressure, thereby enhancing its potential for application in wearable electronics and robotics.
[15] 螺旋藻启发的超灵敏压温传感器 高级功能材料，2025，35(12)：2417715。近年来，仿生高灵敏度触觉传感器越来越成为研究焦点。具体来说，基于离子电子机制的凝胶触觉传感器因其优异的压敏性而受到广泛关注。然而，由于敏感元件的饱和变形，这些传感器在高压条件下难以准确测量压力。此外，由于水凝胶在恒压下引起信号漂移，以及离子电子机制易受温度干扰，这些特性限制了其应用。受水母的“间质层”和“外胚层”结构的启发，开发了一种新型触觉传感器，该传感器将离子电子机制与填充结构相结合。该传感器将水凝胶与柔性框架集成，形成类似水母的伞状结构。这种设计实现了极高的压力灵敏度和改善了信号漂移。 通过利用单个传感元件对压力和温度变化的电容和电阻值的不同响应特性，它实现了温度和压力的同时测量，从而增强了其在可穿戴电子和机器人领域的应用潜力。

[16] Sensor Placement Optimization for Composite Aircraft Structures: A Multi-Objective Kriging-Based Approach Composite Structures, 2025, 353: 118723-117836.
[16] 复合飞机结构传感器布局优化：基于多目标克里金方法，复合材料结构，2025，353：118723-117836。

[17] Super Tough Multifunctional Mxene/Paa-Cs Double Network Hydrogels with High Mechanical Sensing Properties and Excellent Emi Shielding Performance Small, 2025, 21(6): e2410687. Hydrogels present significant potential in flexible materials designed for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, attributed to their soft, stretchable mechanical properties and water-rich porous structures. Unfortunately, EMI shielding hydrogels commonly suffer from low mechanical properties, deficient fracture energy, and low strength, which limit the serviceability of these materials in complex mechanical environments. In this study, the double network strategy is successfully utilized along with the Hofmeister effect to create MXene/PAA (polyacrylic acid)-CS (chitosan) hydrogels and further strengthen and toughen the gel with (NH4)2SO4 solution. The gel exhibits enhanced functionalities such as outstanding stretchability, excellent strain sensitivity (11.66), and super fracture energy (>= 9 kJ m-2). Notably, it demonstrates outstanding shielding effectiveness of 73.8 dB in the terahertz (THz) range, and the shielding properties can be effectively tuned by varying the MXene content, the (NH4)2SO4 concentration, and the thickness of the hydrogel. Additionally, the gel shows robust and superior shielding effectiveness after repeated stretching and long-term dehydration. The MXene/PAA-CS double-network (DN) hydrogels would be an excellent candidate for EMI shielding materials in advanced flexible electronic equipment and soft robots.
[17] 具有高机械传感性能和优异 EMI 屏蔽性能的超强多功能 Mxene/Paa-Cs 双网络水凝胶 小型，2025，21(6)：e2410687。水凝胶在电磁干扰（EMI）屏蔽的柔性材料设计中具有显著潜力，这归因于其柔软、可拉伸的机械性能和富含水的多孔结构。不幸的是，EMI 屏蔽水凝胶通常存在机械性能低、断裂能不足和强度低等问题，这限制了这些材料在复杂机械环境中的适用性。在本研究中，成功利用双网络策略和 Hofmeister 效应制备了 MXene/PAA（聚丙烯酸）-CS（壳聚糖）水凝胶，并使用(NH4)2SO4 溶液进一步强化和增强凝胶，凝胶表现出优异的拉伸性、优异的应变灵敏度（11.66）和超高的断裂能（>= 9 kJ m-2）。 值得注意的是，它在太赫兹（THz）频段表现出卓越的 73.8 dB 屏蔽效果，并且通过调节 MXene 含量、(NH4)2SO4 浓度和凝胶的厚度，其屏蔽性能可以有效地进行调节。此外，凝胶在反复拉伸和长期脱水后仍表现出强大且优异的屏蔽效果。MXene/PAA-CS 双网络（DN）水凝胶将是高级柔性电子设备和软体机器人中 EMI 屏蔽材料的理想候选者。

[18] 3d Printing Hydrogel with Homogeneous Structural Color Induced by Zns Colloidal Spheres for Customized Multi-Channel Spatial Information Encryption Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2025, 684: 531-539. The utilization of structural colors in 3D printing was anticipated due to their eco-friendliness and sustainability. However, the manufacturing of homogeneous structural colors with intricate 3D architectures remains a great challenge, particularly in hydrogels. Herein, we added 0.5 wt% ZnS colloidal spheres supporting Mie scattering into photocurable inks to generate vibrant and homogeneous structural color in the hydrogel, representing 40-100 times decrease of the reported dosage of colloidal spheres in previous work. Through optical simulation, gradient experiments, and evaluation in HSV color space, the ink composition was meticulously optimized for a commercial light-based 3D printer. Our experiments validate the high-throughput manufacturing of structural colored hydrogels with intricate 3D architectures and polychromatic objects, enabling the 1000 prints within 17 min and achieving 200 mu m precision. We have also demonstrated the utilization of customizable 3D hydrogels with both structural and luminescent colors, thereby expanding their applications in the multi-channel spatial information encryption.
[18] 利用 ZnS 胶体球诱导的均匀结构色进行定制多通道空间信息加密的 3D 打印水凝胶，《胶体与界面科学杂志》，2025，684：531-539。由于结构色的环保性和可持续性，其在 3D 打印中的应用备受期待。然而，在具有复杂 3D 结构的材料中制造均匀的结构色仍然是一个巨大的挑战，尤其是在水凝胶中。在此，我们将 0.5 wt%的 ZnS 胶体球支持米氏散射添加到光固化墨水中，以在水凝胶中产生鲜艳且均匀的结构色，这比先前工作中报道的胶体球剂量降低了 40-100 倍。通过光学模拟、梯度实验和 HSV 颜色空间的评估，我们精心优化了墨水成分，以适应商业光固化 3D 打印机。我们的实验验证了具有复杂 3D 结构和彩色物体的结构色水凝胶的高通量制造，实现了 17 分钟内打印 1000 次，并达到 200 微米的精度。 我们还展示了可定制 3D 水凝胶的应用，具有结构和发光颜色，从而扩展了其在多通道空间信息加密中的应用。

[19] Strong and Conductive Gelatin Hydrogels Enhanced by Hofmeister Effect and Genipin Crosslinking for Sensing Applications European Polymer Journal, 2025, 222.
[19] 通过霍夫迈斯特效应和木瓜蛋白酶交联增强的强导电明胶水凝胶用于传感应用 欧洲聚合物杂志，2025，222。

[20] A Robust and Conductive Hydrotalcite/Nanocellulose/Pva Hydrogel Constructed Based on the Hofmeister Effect International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2025, 298: 139994. Conductive hydrogel is one of the basic materials for constructing flexible sensors, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel is commonly used. However, the current PVA hydrogels have apparent defects in strength and conductivity. The freeze-salting-out process based on the Hofmeister effect can effectively improve the strength of PVA. This study uses hydrotalcite and nanocellulose as additives to construct PVA composite hydrogel using the freeze-salting-out method. Due to the reconstruction of the hydrogen bond and the construction of a multi-level three-dimensional network structure, the tensile strength and elongation of PVA composite hydrogels are improved to 8.2 times and 8.1 times that of the pure PVA hydrogels, respectively. Meanwhile, the conductivity of PVA composite hydrogel is increased by 6.4 times with the significant development of ion content and the effective establishment of the transport path. Based on the characteristics of high ion concentration and stable network structure, the composite hydrogels show excellent elastic and strain recovery properties at -20 degrees C and room temperature. The prepared composite hydrogels have good biocompatibility. This work realizes the construction of PVA composite hydrogel material with high strength, high conductivity and wide temperature application range. It provides a new idea for the development of flexible biosafety sensors.
[20] 基于霍夫迈斯特效应构建的耐腐蚀导电水滑石/纳米纤维素/PVA 水凝胶结构 国际生物大分子杂志，2025，298：139994。导电水凝胶是构建柔性传感器的基本材料之一，聚乙烯醇（PVA）水凝胶被广泛使用。然而，当前的 PVA 水凝胶在强度和导电性方面存在明显缺陷。基于霍夫迈斯特效应的冷冻盐析过程可以有效提高 PVA 的强度。本研究使用水滑石和纳米纤维素作为添加剂，采用冷冻盐析法构建 PVA 复合水凝胶。由于氢键的重构和多级三维网络结构的构建，PVA 复合水凝胶的拉伸强度和延伸率分别提高了 8.2 倍和 8.1 倍。同时，PVA 复合水凝胶的导电性提高了 6.4 倍，离子含量显著发展，运输路径有效建立。 基于高离子浓度和稳定的网络结构特性，复合水凝胶在-20°C 和室温下表现出优异的弹性和应变恢复性能。制备的复合水凝胶具有良好的生物相容性。这项工作实现了具有高强度、高导电性和宽温度应用范围的 PVA 复合水凝胶材料的构建，为柔性生物安全传感器的开发提供了新的思路。

[21] Biomimetic Gradient Hydrogel with Fibroblast Spheroids for Full-Thickness Skin Regeneration Biomaterials Advances, 2025, 169.
[21] 基于成纤维细胞球体的仿生梯度水凝胶用于全层皮肤再生生物材料，生物材料进展，2025，169。

[22] Characterization and Fault Diagnosis of Vibration Characteristics of Tenon Disks with Cracks Based on Blade Tip Timing Measurement Science and Technology, 2025, 36(2): 025010-025033. The tenon-structured disk is a critical component of the rotor system in aeroengines. Under the repeated cyclic loads and inherent material defects, the disk is susceptible to the initiation of fatigue cracks. The impact of disk cracks on the shaft vibration response is subtle and challenging to monitor, however, it can induce periodic vibrations in the blades near the crack location. Therefore, this paper proposes a method for crack identification in rotor disks based on blade tip timing technology, which allows for the reflection of rotor disk crack parameters (type, location) through the blade tip vibration parameters, enabling online monitoring and fault diagnosis of rotor disk cracks. To guide the implantation of cracks, this study analyzes the weak points of the disk and conducts a comparative analysis of the effects of cracks of different depths on the blade tip vibration characteristics. Experimental validation confirms the accuracy of the proposed method, providing theoretical support for the onboard online identification of cracks in aeroengine disks.
[22] 基于叶片尖端时间测量的带裂纹榫盘振动特性表征与故障诊断 科学技术，2025，36(2)：025010-025033。榫盘结构是航空发动机转子系统中的关键部件。在重复循环载荷和固有材料缺陷的作用下，盘片容易产生疲劳裂纹。盘片裂纹对轴振动响应的影响微妙且难以监测，然而，它可以在裂纹位置附近的叶片中引起周期性振动。因此，本文提出了一种基于叶片尖端时间技术的转子盘裂纹识别方法，该方法可以通过叶片尖端振动参数反映转子盘裂纹参数（类型、位置），实现转子盘裂纹的在线监测和故障诊断。为了指导裂纹植入，本研究分析了盘片的弱点，并对不同深度裂纹对叶片尖端振动特性的影响进行了比较分析。 实验验证证实了所提方法的准确性，为航空发动机盘上裂纹的在线识别提供了理论支持。

[23] Vehicle-Based Autonomous Modal Analysis for Enhanced Bridge Health Monitoring International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2025, 287: 109910-109927. Indirect health monitoring is an emerging concept in bridge engineering, aimed at identifying the modal parameters of bridges, including their natural frequencies, by utilizing acceleration data from passing vehicles. However, this approach faces significant challenges due to noise from road surface conditions and other environmental disturbances, which complicate the accurate identification of natural frequencies. The primary effect of noise is the introduction of spurious mathematical modes in the stabilization diagram, making the identification process more difficult. This paper presents a novel, fully autonomous approach to address these challenges, leveraging subspace state-space system identification within the framework of autonomous operational modal analysis. Initially, vehicle acceleration data are processed using a subspace algorithm that incorporates QR decomposition of the projected Hankel matrix. Modal parameters are identified across various model orders, and a multi-clustering algorithm is employed to filter out non-physical poles from the stabilization diagram. The key contributions of this work are threefold: (1) the development of a robust subspace framework that autonomously eliminates spurious poles from the stabilization diagram using QR decomposition, thereby improving the accuracy and interpretability of modal analysis; (2) the validation of this framework through a combination of numerical simulations and experimental data; and (3) the establishment of a foundation for future innovations in structural health monitoring for bridge infrastructure.
[23] 基于车辆的自主模态分析用于增强桥梁健康监测 国际机械科学杂志，2025，287：109910-109927。间接健康监测是桥梁工程中的一个新兴概念，旨在通过利用过往车辆的加速度数据来识别桥梁的模态参数，包括其固有频率。然而，由于路面条件和其他环境干扰的噪声，这种方法面临着重大挑战，这复杂了固有频率的准确识别。噪声的主要影响是在稳定图引入虚假的数学模式，使识别过程更加困难。本文提出了一种新颖的、完全自主的方法来应对这些挑战，利用自主操作模态分析框架内的子空间状态空间系统识别。最初，使用结合投影 Hankel 矩阵 QR 分解的子空间算法处理车辆加速度数据。 模态参数跨越各种模型阶次被识别，采用多聚类算法从稳定图中过滤出非物理极点。本工作的主要贡献有三方面：(1) 开发了一个鲁棒的子空间框架，通过 QR 分解自主消除稳定图中的虚假极点，从而提高模态分析的准确性和可解释性；(2) 通过数值模拟和实验数据的结合验证了该框架；(3) 为桥梁基础设施的结构健康监测未来的创新奠定了基础。

[24] Nanocomposite Multi-Cross-Linked Hydrogels with High Strength, High Stretchability and High Conductivity for Multifunctional Wearable Sensors ACS Applied Polymer Materials, 2025, 7(2): 812-825. Conductive hydrogels have gained significant attention in advanced fields like wearable devices and soft robotics. However, the concurrent fabrication of wearable sensors based on hydrogels with both optimal mechanical properties and high conductivity remains a significant challenge due to the inherent brittleness of conventional hydrogels and the absence of conductive pathways within them. Addressing this challenge, this study successfully developed a nanocomposite multicross-linked hydrogel with high strength, high stretchability and high conductivity. The structure comprises a chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) network and entangled gelatin chains induced by the Hofmeister effect. Multiple hydrogen bonds between gelatin, PAM, water molecules, carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (c-MWCNTs), and chitosan (CS) enhance the hydrogel's crosslink density and stability. The hydrogel exhibits remarkable mechanical performance, with a tensile strength of 0.83 MPa, stretchability over 1558%, and toughness of 5.04 MJ/m3, alongside excellent fatigue resistance and self-healing capabilities. The hydrogel also shows high conductivity (5.09 S/m), sensitivity (GF = 1.91), and durability (over 100 cycles), enabled by conductive pathways formed by c-MWCNTs and inorganic salt electrolytes. The prepared strain sensors show a wide range of applicability and high reliability in the field of human motion monitoring, where both large movements of joint bending (including elbow, wrist and knee) and small movements such as smiling and swallowing can be accurately monitored. Moreover, it can transmit information by analyzing electrical signal changes, suggesting innovative potential for communication applications. Thus, this nanocomposite hydrogel holds great promise for health monitoring and remote communication.
[24] 具有高强度、高伸长率和高导电性的多功能可穿戴传感器纳米复合材料多交联水凝胶 ACS 应用聚合物材料，2025，7(2)：812-825。导电水凝胶在可穿戴设备和软体机器人等先进领域受到了广泛关注。然而，由于传统水凝胶本身的脆性和其中缺乏导电通路，同时制造具有最佳机械性能和高导电性的水凝胶基可穿戴传感器仍然是一个重大挑战。针对这一挑战，本研究成功开发了一种具有高强度、高伸长率和高导电性的纳米复合材料多交联水凝胶。其结构由化学交联聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）网络和由霍夫迈斯特效应诱导的交联明胶链组成。明胶、PAM、水分子、羧化多壁碳纳米管（c-MWCNTs）和壳聚糖（CS）之间的多个氢键增强了水凝胶的交联密度和稳定性。 水凝胶表现出卓越的机械性能，具有 0.83 MPa 的拉伸强度、超过 1558%的延展性和 5.04 MJ/m3 的韧性，同时具有优异的耐疲劳性和自修复能力。水凝胶还显示出高导电性（5.09 S/m）、灵敏度（GF = 1.91）和耐久性（超过 100 个循环），这是由 c-MWCNTs 和无机盐电解质形成的导电通路所实现的。制备的应变传感器在人体运动监测领域具有广泛的应用范围和高可靠性，可以准确监测关节弯曲（包括肘、腕和膝）的大运动以及微笑和吞咽等小运动。此外，它可以通过分析电信号变化来传输信息，显示出在通信应用中的创新潜力。因此，这种纳米复合材料水凝胶在健康监测和远程通信方面具有巨大的应用前景。

[25] Thermoresponsive Structural Coloration of Hydrogel Fibers ACS Applied Polymer Materials, 2024, 6(3): 1720-1729. Intelligent fibers with a structural color have wide applications in many cutting-edge fields and have attracted significant attention in recent years. However, most reported optical fibers have a fixed structural color because hard colloids were used as blocks of photonic crystals. Herein, we developed a simple and scalable method to realize hydrogel fibers with a dynamic structural color using soft and thermoresponsive microgels as photonic blocks. A full interpenetrated sodium alginate-polyacrylamide hydrogel fiber was prepared through an exclusion process, which is facile for scaled-up and continuous preparation of hydrogel fibers by controlling the injection speed. Amino group-doped poly-(N-Isopropylacrylamide) microgels were attached to the surface of hydrogel fibers by the Schiff-base bonds and resulted in amorphous arrays, exhibiting angle-independent colors. Under temperature stimuli, the tunable structural color could be easily displayed through the shrinkage of the microgels. Moreover, the soft microgels could also be attached to the commercial wood fabrics easily, endowing the fabrics with thermochromic properties. Besides temperature, the microgels are also sensitive to humidity and ionic strength; therefore, the fabrics can simultaneously provide measurements of humidity and sweat amount for wireless monitoring. This versatile tunable structural color coating approach shows great potential for smart fibers and clothing fabrics and tracking for changes in environmental factors.
[25] 水凝胶纤维的热响应结构色 ACS 应用聚合物材料，2024，6(3)：1720-1729。具有结构色的智能纤维在许多前沿领域有广泛的应用，近年来引起了广泛关注。然而，大多数报道的光学纤维具有固定的结构色，因为使用了硬性胶体作为光子晶体的块状物。在此，我们开发了一种简单且可扩展的方法，通过使用软性和热响应性微凝胶作为光子块，实现具有动态结构色的水凝胶纤维。通过排除过程制备了全互穿的海藻酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶纤维，通过控制注射速度，可以轻松地放大和连续制备水凝胶纤维。氨基掺杂的聚-(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)微凝胶通过席夫碱键附着在水凝胶纤维表面，形成了无定形阵列，表现出角度无关的颜色。在温度刺激下，通过微凝胶的收缩，可调结构色可以轻易地显示出来。 此外，软性微凝胶也容易附着在商业木材织物上，赋予织物热致变色特性。除了温度外，微凝胶还对湿度和离子强度敏感；因此，织物可以同时提供湿度和汗液量的测量，以实现无线监测。这种多功能的可调结构色涂层方法在智能纤维和服装织物以及环境因素变化追踪方面具有巨大潜力。

[26] Frequency-Encoded Eye Tracking Smart Contact Lens for Human–Machine Interaction Nature Communications, 2024, 15(1).
[26] 频率编码眼动智能隐形眼镜：人机交互，自然通讯，2024，15(1)。

[27] Tough, Waterproofing, and Sustainable Bio‐Adhesive Inspired by the Dragonfly Wing Advanced Functional Materials, 2024, 34(42).
[27] 受蜻蜓翅膀启发的坚韧、防水和可持续生物粘合剂，先进功能材料，2024，34(42)。

[28] Bioinspired Ultrasensitive Flexible Strain Sensors for Real-Time Wireless Detection of Liquid Leakage Nano-Micro Letters, 2024, 17(1): 68. Liquid leakage of pipeline networks not only results in considerable resource wastage but also leads to environmental pollution and ecological imbalance. In response to this global issue, a bioinspired superhydrophobic thermoplastic polyurethane/carbon nanotubes/graphene nanosheets flexible strain sensor (TCGS) has been developed using a combination of micro-extrusion compression molding and surface modification for real-time wireless detection of liquid leakage. The TCGS utilizes the synergistic effects of Archimedean spiral crack arrays and micropores, which are inspired by the remarkable sensory capabilities of scorpions. This design achieves a sensitivity of 218.13 at a strain of 2%, which is an increase of 4300%. Additionally, it demonstrates exceptional durability by withstanding over 5000 usage cycles. The robust superhydrophobicity of the TCGS significantly enhances sensitivity and stability in detecting small-scale liquid leakage, enabling precise monitoring of liquid leakage across a wide range of sizes, velocities, and compositions while issuing prompt alerts. This provides critical early warnings for both industrial pipelines and potential liquid leakage scenarios in everyday life. The development and utilization of bioinspired ultrasensitive flexible strain sensors offer an innovative and effective solution for the early wireless detection of liquid leakage.
[28] 受生物启发的超灵敏柔性应变传感器，用于实时无线检测液体泄漏——纳米-微 letters，2024，17(1)：68。管道网络的液体泄漏不仅导致大量资源浪费，还导致环境污染和生态失衡。针对这一全球性问题，通过微挤出压缩成型和表面改性相结合，开发了一种用于实时无线检测液体泄漏的生物启发超疏水热塑性聚氨酯/碳纳米管/石墨烯纳米片柔性应变传感器（TCGS）。TCGS 利用了阿基米德螺旋裂纹阵列和微孔的协同效应，这些灵感来源于蝎子的卓越感官能力。该设计在 2%的应变下实现了 218.13 的灵敏度，提高了 4300%。此外，它表现出卓越的耐用性，可承受超过 5000 次使用周期。 TCGS 的强超疏水性显著提高了检测小规模液体泄漏的灵敏度和稳定性，能够在广泛的大小、速度和成分的液体泄漏中进行精确监测，并发出及时警报。这为工业管道和日常生活中潜在的液体泄漏场景提供了关键的早期预警。生物启发的高灵敏度柔性应变传感器的开发和利用，为早期无线检测液体泄漏提供了一种创新而有效的解决方案。

[29] Recent Advances in Tengs Collecting Acoustic Energy: From Low-Frequency Sound to Ultrasound Nano Energy, 2024, 129. As a kind of sustainable and environmentally friendly energy, sound has permeated into our daily lives. Yet, the effective collection of acoustic energy remains limited. The emergence of triboelectric nanogenerators has brought significant breakthroughs in collecting low-frequency sound energy and ultrasonic energy. This review delves into the theoretical basis behind the collection of acoustic energy by TENGs and introduces common structures and materials of acoustic TENGs. Additionally, we systematically summarize the latest developments in triboelectric acoustic transducers (TATs) and triboelectric ultrasonic transducers (TUTs) in various fields such as biotherapy, localization, and charging. These innovative developments lay the foundation for advancements in areas like medical health, flexible wearable sensors, and ocean monitoring. Finally, we thoroughly discuss the challenges and prospects of this field, aiming to promote the large-scale collection and utilization of acoustic energy.
[29] 振声纳米发电技术在收集声能方面的最新进展：从低频声到超声波纳米能源，2024，129。作为一种可持续和环保的能源，声音已经渗透到我们的日常生活中。然而，声能的有效收集仍然有限。摩擦纳米发电机（TENGs）的出现为收集低频声能和超声波能带来了重大突破。本文深入探讨了 TENGs 收集声能的理论基础，并介绍了声学 TENGs 的常见结构和材料。此外，我们还系统地总结了摩擦声传感器（TATs）和摩擦超声波传感器（TUTs）在生物治疗、定位和充电等领域的最新进展。这些创新的发展为医疗健康、柔性可穿戴传感器和海洋监测等领域的进步奠定了基础。最后，我们详细讨论了该领域的挑战和前景，旨在促进声能的大规模收集和利用。

[30] Polyvinyl Alcohol/Sodium Alginate Hydrogels with Tunable Mechanical and Conductive Properties for Flexible Sensing Applications International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2024, 283(Pt 4): 137822. Despite the significant advantages of conductive hydrogels in flexible sensing, their further development is often hindered by limitations in strength and conductivity. In this work, the ionic conductive hydrogels with tunable mechanical and conductive properties were designed by utilizing sodium alginate (SA) to reinforce the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) networks, followed by the respective introduction of Li2SO4, ZnSO4, and Fe2(SO4)3, leveraging the Hofmeister effect and metal coordination. Consequently, the mechanical properties (6 = 0.40-2.70 MPa) and conductivity (IC = 0.18-1.02 S/m) can be extensively tuned by adjusting the metal salts with varying oxidation states. Notably, Fe3+ ions can significantly enhance the mechanical properties, while Li+ ions more effectively improve conductivity. Interestingly, the PVA/SA/Zn2+ hydrogel achieves a balance between mechanical properties (6 =1.86 MPa, epsilon =1110 %) and conductivity (0.92 S/m), ascribing it to the multiple interactions including densification of polymer networks, formation of nanocrystalline domains, and ionic coordination effects. Furthermore, the conductive hydrogel also exhibits low strain detection limit (2.0 %), and demonstrated enormous potential in personal health monitoring and information transmission applications. This work presents a highly efficient and eco-friendly strategy for constructing hydrogels with tunable properties, while elucidating the mechanisms behind the enhanced mechanical and conductive performance.
[30] 可调机械和导电性能的聚乙烯醇/海藻酸钠水凝胶用于柔性传感应用 国际生物大分子杂志，2024，283（第 4 部分）：137822。尽管导电水凝胶在柔性传感中具有显著优势，但它们的进一步发展往往受到强度和导电性限制。在这项工作中，通过利用海藻酸钠（SA）强化聚乙烯醇（PVA）网络，并分别引入 Li2SO4、ZnSO4 和 Fe2(SO4)3，利用 Hofmeister 效应和金属配位，设计了具有可调机械和导电性能的离子导电水凝胶。因此，通过调整不同氧化态的金属盐，可以广泛调节机械性能（σ = 0.40-2.70 MPa）和导电性（IC = 0.18-1.02 S/m）。值得注意的是，Fe3+离子可以显著提高机械性能，而 Li+离子更有效地改善导电性。 有趣的是，PVA/SA/Zn2+水凝胶在机械性能（杨氏模量=1.86 MPa，应变=1110%）和导电性（0.92 S/m）之间取得了平衡，这归因于包括聚合物网络致密化、纳米晶粒形成和离子配位效应在内的多种相互作用。此外，这种导电水凝胶还表现出低应变检测限（2.0%），并在个人健康监测和信息传输应用中展现出巨大的潜力。这项工作提出了一种高效且环保的策略，用于构建具有可调性能的水凝胶，同时阐明了增强机械和导电性能的机制。

[31] Optothermal‐Enabled Reconfigurable Colloidal Photonic Crystals for Color and Spectrum Manipulation Laser & Photonics Reviews, 2024, 19(5).
[31] 基于光热调控的可重构胶体光子晶体，用于颜色和光谱操控，《激光与光电子学进展》，2024，19(5)。

[32] Multifunctional Pva/Gelatin Dn Hydrogels with Strong Mechanical Properties Enhanced by Hofmeister Effect Colloids and Surfaces a-Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2024, 691. Due to the low mechanical strength, poor tensile property, and inability to work under extreme conditions, hydrogels encounter obstacles in their practical applications. It was found that the Hofmeister effect could strengthen and toughen the single hydrogel networks. Herein, poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/gelatin dual -network (DN) hydrogels with strong mechanical properties were prepared and improved by Hofmeister effect using Na 2 SO 4 as the salting -out solution. The hydrophilic anion SO 4 2- induced a salting -out effect, which made the interplay in PVA and gelatin stronger, and the network structure more compact and stable. Moreover, the dualassisted effect of freeze -thaw and freezing salting -out further enhanced the mechanical properties. The asobtained DN hydrogel had excellent overall mechanical properties with a fracture tensile strain, a tensile strength and a toughness of 1281 %, 1.12 MPa and 7.19 MJ/m 3 , respectively. In addition, it had the ability to withstand weights more than 5000 times its own mass. The hysteresis energy, Young ' s modulus, and toughness recovery of the hydrogel reached 91.21 %, 97.36 %, and 97.47 % of the original values when the interval time was 180 min. Furthermore, after treatment with ethylene glycol /H 2 O solution, the hydrogel was given high temperature resistance, anti -freezing and moisturizing properties, while maintaining its good mechanical properties in a wide temperature range. The weight remained at 84.7 % and 71.45 % of the original weight after one week at 25 degrees C and 12 h at 60 degrees C, respectively. This kind of multifunctional DN hydrogel with high me- chanical properties will find wider application in the field of flexible electronic devices.
[32] 具有强机械性能的多功能 Pva/Gelatin 双网络水凝胶，通过 Hofmeister 效应胶体增强——物理化学与工程学方面，2024，691。由于机械强度低、拉伸性能差以及无法在极端条件下工作，水凝胶在实际应用中遇到了障碍。研究发现，Hofmeister 效应可以增强和增强单网络水凝胶。在此，通过使用 Na2SO4 作为盐析溶液，制备并改进了具有强机械性能的聚（乙烯醇）（PVA）/明胶双网络（DN）水凝胶。亲水性阴离子 SO42-诱导盐析效应，使 PVA 和明胶之间的相互作用更强，网络结构更紧密和稳定。此外，冻融和冷冻盐析的双重辅助作用进一步增强了机械性能。所获得的 DN 水凝胶具有优异的整体机械性能，断裂拉伸应变、拉伸强度和韧性分别为 1281%、1.12 MPa 和 7.19 MJ/m3。 此外，它能够承受超过自身质量 5000 倍的重量。当间隔时间为 180 分钟时，水凝胶的滞后能、杨氏模量和韧性恢复分别达到原始值的 91.21%、97.36%和 97.47%。此外，经过乙二醇/H2O 溶液处理后，水凝胶获得了高温抗性、抗冻和保湿性能，同时在宽温度范围内保持了其良好的机械性能。在 25 摄氏度下放置一周和在 60 摄氏度下放置 12 小时后，其重量分别保持在原始重量的 84.7%和 71.45%。这种具有高机械性能的多功能 DN 水凝胶将在柔性电子设备领域得到更广泛的应用。

[33] Printing of 3d Photonic Crystals in Titania with Complete Bandgap across the Visible Spectrum Nature Nanotechnology, 2024, 19(12): 1813-1820. A photonic bandgap is a range of wavelengths wherein light is forbidden from entering a photonic crystal, similar to the electronic bandgap in semiconductors. Fabricating photonic crystals with a complete photonic bandgap in the visible spectrum presents at least two important challenges: achieving a material refractive index > similar to 2 and a three-dimensional patterning resolution better than similar to 280 nm (lattice constant of 400 nm). Here we show an approach to overcome such limitations using additive manufacturing, thus realizing high-quality, high-refractive index photonic crystals with size-tunable bandgaps across the visible spectrum. We develop a titanium ion-doped resin (Ti-Nano) for high-resolution printing by two-photon polymerization lithography. After printing, the structures are heat-treated in air to induce lattice shrinkage and produce titania nanostructures. We attain three-dimensional photonic crystals with patterning resolution as high as 180 nm and refractive index of 2.4-2.6. Optical characterization reveals similar to 100% reflectance within the photonic crystal bandgap in the visible range. Finally, we show capabilities in defining local defects and demonstrate proof-of-principle applications in spectrally selective perfect reflectors and chiral light discriminators.
[33] 在二氧化钛中打印全可见光频谱的 3D 光子晶体，《自然-纳米技术》，2024，19(12)：1813-1820。光子带隙是指光无法进入光子晶体的波长范围，类似于半导体中的电子带隙。在可见光频谱中制造具有完整光子带隙的光子晶体至少面临两个重要挑战：实现材料折射率>2 以及三维图案分辨率优于 280 nm（晶格常数为 400 nm）。在这里，我们展示了一种利用增材制造克服这些限制的方法，从而实现了具有可调带隙的高质量、高折射率光子晶体。我们开发了一种掺杂钛离子的树脂（Ti-Nano），通过双光子聚合光刻进行高分辨率打印。打印后，结构在空气中热处理以诱导晶格收缩并产生二氧化钛纳米结构。 我们制备出具有高达 180 纳米图案分辨率的 3D 光子晶体，折射率为 2.4-2.6。光学表征显示，在可见光范围内，光子晶体禁带内的反射率接近 100%。最后，我们展示了定义局部缺陷的能力，并在光谱选择性完美反射器和手性光鉴别器中展示了原理验证应用。

[34] High-Strength, Antiswelling Directional Layered Pva/Mxene Hydrogel for Wearable Devices and Underwater Sensing Advanced Science, 2024, 11(39): e2405880. Hydrogel sensors are widely utilized in soft robotics and tissue engineering due to their excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, in high-water environments, traditional hydrogels can experience significant swelling, leading to decreased mechanical and electrical performance, potentially losing shape, and sensing capabilities. This study addresses these challenges by leveraging the Hofmeister effect, coupled with directional freezing and salting-out techniques, to develop a layered, high-strength, tough, and antiswelling PVA/MXene hydrogel. In particular, the salting-out process enhances the self-entanglement of PVA, resulting in an S-PM hydrogel with a tensile strength of up to 2.87 MPa. Furthermore, the S-PM hydrogel retains its structure and strength after 7 d of swelling, with only a 6% change in resistance. Importantly, its sensing performance is improved postswelling, a capability rarely achievable in traditional hydrogels. Moreover, the S-PM hydrogel demonstrates faster response times and more stable resistance change rates in underwater tests, making it crucial for long-term continuous monitoring in challenging aquatic environments, ensuring sustained operation and monitoring. Inspired by the Hofmeister effect, PM (PVA/MXene) hydrogel undergo salting-out to achieve S-PM hydrogel with excellent mechanical properties and crosslinking ability. Additionally, directional freezing introduces a layered structure, endowing the hydrogel with excellent tear resistance. The hydrogel exhibits a mere 6% change in resistivity after swelling and demonstrated superior sensing performance underwater. image
[34] 高强度、抗膨胀定向层状 PVA/MXene 水凝胶用于可穿戴设备和水下传感，Advanced Science，2024，11(39)：e2405880。水凝胶传感器因其优异的机械性能和生物相容性，在软体机器人和组织工程中得到广泛应用。然而，在高水环境中，传统水凝胶可能会发生显著膨胀，导致机械和电性能下降，可能失去形状和传感能力。本研究通过利用霍夫迈斯特效应，结合定向冻结和盐析技术，开发了一种分层、高强度、坚韧和抗膨胀的 PVA/MXene 水凝胶。特别是，盐析过程增强了 PVA 的自缠结，导致 S-PM 水凝胶的拉伸强度高达 2.87 MPa。此外，S-PM 水凝胶在膨胀 7 天后仍保持其结构和强度，电阻仅变化 6%。重要的是，其传感性能在膨胀后得到改善，这是传统水凝胶很少能实现的。 此外，S-PM 水凝胶在水下测试中表现出更快的响应时间和更稳定的电阻变化率，对于在具有挑战性的水生环境中进行长期连续监测至关重要，确保持续运行和监控。受霍夫迈斯特效应的启发，PM（PVA/MXene）水凝胶通过盐析法实现 S-PM 水凝胶，具有优异的机械性能和交联能力。此外，定向冷冻引入了层状结构，赋予水凝胶优异的撕裂强度。水凝胶在膨胀后电阻率仅变化 6%，在水下表现出卓越的传感性能。图像

[35] High Signal to Noise Ratio Piezoelectric Thin Film Sensor Based on Elastomer Amplification for Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring ACS Sensors, 2024, 9(3): 1301-1309. Continuous pulse wave detection can be used for monitoring and diagnosing cardiovascular diseases, and research on pulse sensing based on piezoelectric thin films is one of the hot spots. Usually, piezoelectric thin films do not come into direct contact with the skin and need to be connected through a layer of an elastic medium. Most views think that the main function of this layer of elastic medium is to increase the adhesion between the sensor component and the skin, but there is little discussion about the impact of the elastic medium on pulse vibration transmission. Here, we conducted a detailed study on the effects of Young's modulus and the thickness of elastic media on pulse sensing signals. The results show that the waveform amplitude of the piezoelectric sensing signal decreases with the increase of Young's modulus and thickness of the elastic medium. Then, we constructed a theoretical model of the influence of elastic media on pulse wave propagation. The amplitude of the pulse wave signal detected by the optimized sensor was increased to 480%. Our research shows that by regulating Young's modulus and thickness of elastic media, pulse wave signals can undergo a similar amplification effect, which has an important theoretical reference value for achieving ambulatory blood pressure monitoring based on high-quality pulse waves.
[35] 基于弹性体放大和具有高信噪比的压电薄膜传感器用于便携式血压监测 ACS 传感器，2024，9(3)：1301-1309。连续脉冲波检测可用于监测和诊断心血管疾病，基于压电薄膜的脉冲传感研究是热点之一。通常，压电薄膜不直接接触皮肤，需要通过一层弹性介质连接。大多数人认为，这层弹性介质的主要功能是增加传感器组件与皮肤之间的粘附性，但关于弹性介质对脉动传输的影响讨论较少。在此，我们对杨氏模量和弹性介质厚度对脉感信号的影响进行了详细研究。结果表明，随着杨氏模量和弹性介质厚度的增加，压电传感信号的波形幅度减小。然后，我们构建了弹性介质对脉冲波传播影响的理论模型。 脉搏波信号的幅度通过优化传感器检测到后增加了 480%。我们的研究显示，通过调节弹性介质的杨氏模量和厚度，脉搏波信号可以经历类似的放大效应，这对于基于高质量脉搏波实现便携式血压监测具有重要的理论参考价值。

[36] Flexible Photonic Materials and Devices: Synthetic Strategies, Sensing Properties, and Wearable Applications Advanced Materials, 2024. Wearable technology is becoming increasingly visible in the daily life for improving human health and performance. Flexible photonics is rapidly emerging as a promising platform for advancing the wearable technology. The development and innovative use of flexible photonic materials play crucial roles in designing flexible sensor devices for wearable applications. Here it is aimed to summarize the key advancements in developing flexible photonic materials and devices for wearable sensing applications. In turn the synthetic strategies, sensing properties, and wearable applications of flexible photonic materials and devices will be comprehensively discussed. Finally, it is attempted to give an outlook on the future challenges and research trends in this fascinating field.
[36] 弹性光子材料和器件：合成策略、传感性能和可穿戴应用 高分子材料科学，2024 年。可穿戴技术在改善人类健康和性能方面在日常生活中越来越受到关注。弹性光子学迅速崛起，成为推动可穿戴技术发展的一个有希望的平台。弹性光子材料的发展和创造性应用在设计和开发用于可穿戴应用的可弯曲传感器器件中发挥着至关重要的作用。本文旨在总结开发用于可穿戴传感应用的可弯曲光子材料和器件的关键进展。进而，将全面讨论弹性光子材料和器件的合成策略、传感性能和可穿戴应用。最后，尝试展望这一迷人领域的未来挑战和研究趋势。

[37] Crystalline‐Constrain Enables Preparation of Hierarchical Porous Hydrogels with High Porosity and Good Mechanics Advanced Functional Materials, 2024, 35(11).
[37] 晶体约束实现高孔隙率和良好力学性能的分级多孔水凝胶的制备 高分子材料科学，2024，35(11)。

[38] Hofmeister Effect‐Assisted Facile One‐Pot Fabrication of Double Network Organohydrogels with Exceptional Multi‐Functions Advanced Functional Materials, 2024, 34(21).
[38] 帮助下 Hofmeister 效应的简便一锅法制备具有卓越多功能性的双网络有机水凝胶，Advanced Functional Materials，2024，34(21)。

[39] Implantable Flexible Sensors for Health Monitoring Advanced Healthcare Materials, 2024, 13(2): 2302460. Flexible sensors, as a significant component of flexible electronics, have attracted great interest the realms of human-computer interaction and health monitoring due to their high conformability, adjustable sensitivity, and excellent durability. In comparison to wearable sensor-based in vitro health monitoring, the use of implantable flexible sensors (IFSs) for in vivo health monitoring offers more accurate and reliable vital sign information due to their ability to adapt and directly integrate with human tissue. IFSs show tremendous promise in the field of health monitoring, with unique advantages such as robust signal reading capabilities, lightweight design, flexibility, and biocompatibility. Herein, a review of IFSs for vital signs monitoring is detailly provided, highlighting the essential conditions for in vivo applications. As the prerequisites of IFSs, the stretchability and wireless self-powered properties of the sensor are discussed, with a special attention paid to the sensing materials which can maintain prominent biosafety (i.e., biocompatibility, biodegradability, bioresorbability). Furthermore, the applications of IFSs monitoring various parts of the body are described in detail, with a summary in brain monitoring, eye monitoring, and blood monitoring. Finally, the challenges as well as opportunities in the development of next-generation IFSs are presented. Implantable flexible sensors show exciting potential in the field of continuous health monitoring. This review describes the requirements of flexible sensors for in vivo applications, including stretchability, biosafety, self-powered systems, wireless signal transmission systems, and device dimensions. In addition, the applications of flexible implantable sensors for brain monitoring, eye monitoring, and blood monitoring are outlined.image
[39] 用于健康监测的植入式柔性传感器，Advanced Healthcare Materials，2024，13(2): 2302460。柔性传感器作为柔性电子器件的重要组成部分，由于其高顺应性、可调灵敏度和优异的耐用性，在人类-计算机交互和健康监测领域引起了广泛关注。与基于可穿戴传感器的体外健康监测相比，植入式柔性传感器（IFS）用于体内健康监测可以提供更准确和可靠的生命体征信息，因为它们能够适应并与人体组织直接整合。IFS 在健康监测领域具有巨大的应用前景，具有独特的优势，如强大的信号读取能力、轻量化设计、柔韧性和生物相容性。在此，详细介绍了 IFS 在生命体征监测中的应用，强调了体内应用的基本条件。 作为 IFSs 的前提条件，讨论了传感器的拉伸性和无线自供电特性，特别关注了可以维持显著生物安全性的传感材料（即生物相容性、生物降解性、生物可吸收性）。此外，详细描述了 IFSs 监测身体各部位的应用，包括脑部监测、眼部监测和血液监测的总结。最后，提出了下一代 IFSs 发展中面临的挑战以及机遇。植入式柔性传感器在连续健康监测领域显示出令人兴奋的潜力。本综述描述了柔性传感器在体内应用中的要求，包括拉伸性、生物安全性、自供电系统、无线信号传输系统和设备尺寸。此外，还概述了柔性植入式传感器在脑部监测、眼部监测和血液监测中的应用。

[40] Strong, Tough, and Elastic Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Polyacrylamide Dn Hydrogels Based on the Hofmeister Effect for Articular Cartilage Replacement Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2024, 12(12): 3079-3091. Traditional hydrogels are usually weak and brittle, which limit their application in articular cartilage replacement because cartilage is generally strong, tough, and elastic in nature. Therefore, it is highly desirable to construct hydrogels to mimic the mechanical properties of the native articular cartilage. Herein, in this work, poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide (PVA/PAM) DN hydrogels were prepared by in situ polymerization, which were then treated with Hofmeister series ions (Cit3-, SO42-, and Cl-) to achieve H-PVA/PAM DN hydrogels. Among the three Hofmeister ions, the DN hydrogel treated with Cit3- (named PVA/PAM-Cit) showed the densest microstructure and the highest crystallinity degree. In this context, PVA/PAM-Cit exhibited a tensile strength of 18.9 +/- 1.6 MPa, a compressive strength of 102.3 +/- 7.9 MPa, a tensile modulus of 10.6 +/- 2.1 MPa, a compressive modulus of 8.9 +/- 0.8 MPa, and a roughness of 66.2 +/- 4.2 MJ m-3, respectively, which were the highest strength and modulus, and the second highest toughness when compared with those of the reported PVA and PVA based DN hydrogels so far. It also showed an extreme high elasticity, which could maintain a stress of 99.2% after 500 cycles of fatigue testing. Additionally, PVA/PAM-Cit can promote the adhesion, spreading and proliferation of chondrocytes. These results verify that such a strong, tough, and elastic hydrogel could be a novel candidate material for articular cartilage replacement. Traditional hydrogels are usually weak and brittle, which limit their application in articular cartilage replacement because cartilage is generally strong, tough, and elastic in nature.
[40] 基于霍夫迈斯特效应的强韧弹性聚（乙烯醇）/聚丙烯酰胺 Dn 水凝胶用于关节软骨替换，《材料化学 B》期刊，2024，12(12)：3079-3091。传统水凝胶通常强度弱、易脆，这限制了它们在关节软骨替换中的应用，因为软骨在本质上通常是强韧和有弹性的。因此，构建能够模拟天然关节软骨机械性能的水凝胶是非常有吸引力的。在本研究中，通过原位聚合制备了聚（乙烯醇）/聚丙烯酰胺（PVA/PAM）Dn 水凝胶，然后使用霍夫迈斯特系列离子（Cit3-、SO42-和 Cl-）处理，得到 H-PVA/PAM Dn 水凝胶。在这三种霍夫迈斯特离子中，用 Cit3-处理的 Dn 水凝胶（命名为 PVA/PAM-Cit）具有最致密的微观结构和最高的结晶度。 在此背景下，PVA/PAM-Cit 表现出拉伸强度为 18.9 +/- 1.6 MPa，压缩强度为 102.3 +/- 7.9 MPa，拉伸模量为 10.6 +/- 2.1 MPa，压缩模量为 8.9 +/- 0.8 MPa，粗糙度为 66.2 +/- 4.2 MJ m-3，分别具有最高的强度和模量，以及与迄今为止报道的 PVA 和基于 PVA 的 DN 水凝胶相比的第二高韧性。它还表现出极高的弹性，在经过 500 次疲劳测试后仍能维持 99.2% 的应力。此外，PVA/PAM-Cit 可以促进软骨细胞的粘附、扩散和增殖。这些结果证实，这种强韧、有弹性的水凝胶可能是关节软骨替代的新颖候选材料。传统的水凝胶通常较弱且易碎，这限制了它们在关节软骨替代中的应用，因为软骨在本质上通常是强韧、有弹性的。

[41] Super Strong and Tough Hydrogels Constructed Via Network Uniformization of Macromolecular Chains Advanced Functional Materials, 2024. The characteristic of materials with special strength and toughness is distinguished by the uniform arrangement of their multi-level structures, which is a key factor that significantly affects their mechanical behavior and overall performance. This work explores the challenges and potential solutions to enhance the mechanical properties of hydrogels through the construction of multi-scale, multi-layered ordered uniform structures. A novel approach termed macromolecular network uniformization (MNU) that utilizes rotation ice templates to freeze-cast uniform polymer networks in hydrogels is proposed. By integrating this process with salt-out densification, hydrogels with exceptional toughness exceeding 350 MJ m(-)3 in both x and y directions with super-high tensile stress (20 MPa) and strain at break (3000%), are obtained. This research effectively addresses the inherent limitation of hydrogel materials, which are primarily composed of hydrophilic polymers, limiting their potential for functional diversity and enhanced performance. To overcome this, the expansion of the hydrogel matrix is demonstrated to include hydrophobic polymers such as polycaprolactone (PCL) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN), thanks to the high solubility of DMSO. The MNU technique effectively produces high-performance hydrogels with enhanced mechanical properties, increasing substrate diversity and enabling the development of durable hydrogel materials for various applications.
[41] 通过大分子链网络均一化构建的超强韧水凝胶，先进功能材料，2024。具有特殊强度和韧性的材料，其特征在于其多级结构的均匀排列，这是显著影响其力学行为和整体性能的关键因素。本研究探讨了通过构建多尺度、多层有序均匀结构来增强水凝胶力学性能的挑战和潜在解决方案。提出了一种称为大分子网络均一化（MNU）的新方法，该方法利用旋转冰模板在水中冻结铸造均匀聚合物网络。通过将此过程与盐析致密化相结合，获得了在 x 和 y 方向上都具有卓越韧性（超过 350 MJ m(-)3）、超高拉伸应力（20 MPa）和断裂应变（3000%）的水凝胶。这项研究有效地解决了水凝胶材料固有的局限性，这些材料主要由亲水性聚合物组成，限制了其功能多样性和性能提升的潜力。 为了克服这一问题，通过 DMSO 的高溶解性，证明了水凝胶基质的扩展可以包括疏水性聚合物，如聚己内酯（PCL）和聚丙烯腈（PAN）。MNU 技术有效地生产出具有增强机械性能的高性能水凝胶，增加了底物多样性，并使各种应用中耐用水凝胶材料的发展成为可能。

[42] Visual Gustation Via Regulable Elastic Photonic Crystals ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2024, 16(11): 14133-14143. The unique structural sensitivity of photonic crystals (PCs) endows them with stretchable or elastic tunability for light propagation and spontaneous emission modulation. Hydrogel PCs have been demonstrated to have biocompatibility and flexibility for potential human health detection and environmental security monitoring. However, current elastic PCs still possess a fixed elastic modulus and uncontrollable structural colors based on a tunable elastic modulus, posing considerable challenges for in situ detection, particularly in wearable or portable sensing devices. In this work, we introduced a novel chemo-mechanical transduction mechanism embedded within a photonic crystal nanomatrix, leading to the creation of structural colors and giving rise to a visual gustation sensing experience. By utilizing the captivating structural colors generated by the hydrogel PC, we employ abundant optical information to identify various analytes. The finite element analysis proved the electric field distribution in the PC matrix during stretch operations. The elastic-optical behaviors with various chemical cosolvents, including cations, anions, saccharides, or organic acids, were investigated. The mechanism of the Hofmeister effect regulating the elasticity of hydrogels was demonstrated with the network nanostructure of the hydrogels. The hydrogel PC matrix demonstrates remarkable capability in efficiently distinguishing a wide range of cations, anions, saccharides, and organic acids across various concentrations, mixtures, and even real food samples, such as tastes and soups. Through comprehensive research, a precise relationship between the structural colors and the elastic modulus of hydrogel PCs has been established, contributing to the biomatching elastic-optics platform for wearable devices, a dynamic environment, and clinical or health monitoring auxiliary.
[42] 通过可调弹性光子晶体实现视觉味觉感知 ACS 应用材料与界面，2024，16(11)：14133-14143。光子晶体（PCs）独特的结构敏感性赋予它们对光传播和自发辐射调制的可拉伸或弹性可调性。已证明水凝胶 PC 具有生物相容性和柔韧性，可用于潜在的人类健康检测和环境安全监测。然而，当前的弹性 PC 仍然具有固定的弹性模量和基于可调弹性模量的不可控的结构颜色，这在现场检测中尤其对可穿戴或便携式传感设备提出了相当大的挑战。在本工作中，我们介绍了一种新型的化学-机械转换机制，该机制嵌入在光子晶体纳米矩阵中，导致结构颜色的产生，从而产生视觉味觉感知体验。通过利用水凝胶 PC 产生的迷人结构颜色，我们利用丰富的光学信息来识别各种分析物。有限元分析证明了在拉伸操作过程中 PC 矩阵中的电场分布。 研究了各种化学助溶剂（包括阳离子、阴离子、糖类或有机酸）的弹性光学行为。通过水凝胶的网络纳米结构，展示了霍夫迈斯特效应调节水凝胶弹性的机制。水凝胶 PC 基质在高效区分各种阳离子、阴离子、糖类和有机酸方面表现出显著的能力，这些能力跨越了各种浓度、混合物，甚至包括味道和汤等真实食品样品。通过全面研究，建立了水凝胶 PC 的结构颜色与弹性模量之间的精确关系，为可穿戴设备、动态环境和临床或健康监测辅助的生物匹配弹性光学平台做出了贡献。

[43] All‐Carbon Piezoresistive Sensor: Enhanced Sensitivity and Wide Linear Range Via Multiscale Design for Wearable Applications Advanced Functional Materials, 2024.
[43] 全碳压阻式传感器：通过多尺度设计提高灵敏度并实现宽线性范围，用于可穿戴应用，先进功能材料，2024 年。

[44] Brush-Like Polymeric Gels Enabled Photonic Crystals toward Ultrasensitive Cosolvent Chromism Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 2024, 63(49): e202414136. Responsive photonic crystals (RPCs) exhibit dynamic chromism upon trigger by various solvents, showing potential applications in qualitative identification and quantitative analysis of multicomponent solvents. However, distinguishing similar solvents, especially traces of cosolvents, remains challenging due to the limited sensitivity of RPCs. To address this, we herein introduce brush-like polymeric gels inside photonic crystals, forming a brush-like polymeric photonic gel (BPPG) that can trace tiny component changes. In this BPPG system, the acrylate backbones and polyethylene glycol (PEG) side-chains stretch incrementally due to the cosolvency of ethanol-water mixtures, resulting in highly sensitive chromatic responses within ethanol-rich concentrations. With water content varying slightly from 0 to 1 vol %, the reflection wavelength of BPPG can sharply redshift over 30 nm, leading to very noticeable changes in structural color. This enhanced sensitivity makes BPPG suitable for real-time, in situ purity monitoring of absolute ethanol during storage, transportation, and other applications. A brush-like polymeric photonic gel (BPPG) was constructed by using the assembled ZnS@SiO2 nanoparticles as a photonic crystal template and in situ polymerizing oligo ethylene glycol acrylate. Owing to the cosolvency-induced incremental stretching of acrylate backbones and polyethylene glycol side-chains in ethanol-water mixtures, the prepared BPPG exhibited sensitive chromatic responses within ethanol-rich concentrations. image
[44] 刷状聚合物凝胶实现光子晶体对超灵敏共溶剂变色的应用——Angewandte Chemie-International Edition，2024，63(49)：e202414136。响应性光子晶体（RPC）在受到各种溶剂触发时表现出动态变色，显示出在多组分溶剂的定性鉴定和定量分析中的潜在应用。然而，由于 RPC 的灵敏度有限，区分相似溶剂，尤其是共溶剂的痕迹，仍然具有挑战性。为了解决这个问题，我们在此引入光子晶体内部的刷状聚合物凝胶，形成一种刷状聚合物光子凝胶（BPPG），可以追踪微小的成分变化。在此 BPPG 系统中，丙烯酸酯主链和聚乙二醇（PEG）侧链由于乙醇-水混合物的共溶剂性而逐渐拉伸，导致在富含乙醇的浓度下产生高度敏感的色变响应。随着水含量从 0 到 1 体积百分比的微小变化，BPPG 的反射波长可以急剧红移超过 30 纳米，导致结构颜色发生非常显著的变化。 这种增强灵敏度使 BPPG 适用于储存、运输和其他应用中绝对乙醇的实时、原位纯度监测。通过使用组装的 ZnS@SiO2 纳米粒子作为光子晶体模板和原位聚合寡乙二醇丙烯酸酯，构建了刷状聚合物光子凝胶（BPPG）。由于乙醇-水混合物中溶剂共溶引起的丙烯酸骨架和聚乙二醇侧链的增量拉伸，制备的 BPPG 在富含乙醇的浓度范围内表现出敏感的色散响应。图像

[45] Organogel Assisted Salting out for Strong and Anti-Fatigue Hydrogels as Wearable Strain Sensors Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 488. Hydrogels have been rapidly developed recently owing to their excellent flexibility and biocompatibility and exhibit promising applications in biomaterials, flexible electronics, etc. However, when compared to the biological materials, many hydrogels with similarly high water contents display relatively low mechanical properties and it is difficult to achieve a balance between strength, toughness and fatigue resistance simultaneously. Herein, a facile solvent exchange assisted Hofmeister effect strategy is proposed to prepare strong and fatigueresistant hydrogels with widely tunable water content. The polymer solution is first transformed to an organogel by exchange of the good solvent (dimethyl sulfoxide) to a poor solvent (alcohol), and then the organogel converts to hydrogel after the second step exchange of the alcohol to a saline solution. The alcohol induced gelation assisted salting-out promote the conformation adjustment of macromolecular chain, which endow the hydrogels with excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, with the extraordinary high strength of 26.4 +/- 1.6 MPa, superior stretchability of 1252.3 +/- 116 %, ultra-high fracture energy of 139.45 +/- 37.3 KJ/m2, large fatigue threshold of 1837.9 +/- 63.4 J/m2 (water content of 20.2 wt%) as well as ionic conductivity of 0.34 S/m. Therefore, this work put forward a viable design method to fabricate outstanding performance soft materials for applications in load-bearing material and strain sensor fields.
[45] 有机凝胶辅助盐析法制备强韧抗疲劳水凝胶作为可穿戴应变传感器 化学工程学报，2024，488。由于水凝胶具有优异的柔韧性和生物相容性，近年来其发展迅速，并在生物材料、柔性电子等领域展现出广阔的应用前景。然而，与生物材料相比，许多具有相似高水分含量的水凝胶显示出相对较低的机械性能，同时实现强度、韧性和抗疲劳性的平衡较为困难。在此，提出了一种简便的溶剂交换辅助霍夫迈斯特效应策略，以制备具有广泛可调水分含量的强韧抗疲劳水凝胶。首先，通过将良溶剂（二甲基亚砜）交换到不良溶剂（醇）中，将聚合物溶液转化为有机凝胶，然后通过将醇交换到盐溶液中的第二步，有机凝胶转化为水凝胶。 酒精诱导凝胶化辅助盐析促进高分子链的构象调整，赋予水凝胶优异的综合力学性能，具有 26.4 +/- 1.6 MPa 的非凡强度、1252.3 +/- 116 %的优异延展性、139.45 +/- 37.3 KJ/m2 的超高断裂能、1837.9 +/- 63.4 J/m2 的大疲劳阈值（含水量为 20.2 wt%）以及 0.34 S/m 的离子电导率。因此，这项工作提出了一种可行的设计方案，用于制造在承重材料和应变传感器领域的出色性能软材料。

[46] Strong and Tough Hydrogels Enabled by Progressive Enhancement of Polymer Networks Polymer, 2024, 306. Despite the unique properties, the hydrogels' weak mechanical properties have severely limited their practical applications, and it remains great challenging to simultaneously enhance the strength, toughness and fracture energy of hydrogels. Herein, we develop strong yet tough polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels via the synergy of wet-annealing and Hofmeister effect. The macromolecular chain engineered multiscale strengthening and toughening are achieved. The densified polymeric network, increased crystallinity and enhanced hydrogen bonding interaction enables the PVA hydrogels to have outstanding mechanical properties. The tensile strength, toughness and fracture energy of the resultant hydrogels can reach as high as 21.4 MPa, 182.3 MJ/m3 and 56.8 kJ/m2, respectively. This study provides a new avenue to effectively tune the macromolecular chain conformation and hence improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of gel materials.
[46] 通过聚合物网络渐进增强实现的强韧水凝胶 聚合物，2024，306。尽管具有独特性能，水凝胶的弱机械性能严重限制了其实际应用，同时增强水凝胶的强度、韧性和断裂能仍然是一个巨大的挑战。在此，我们通过湿退火和霍夫迈斯特效应的协同作用，开发出强韧的聚乙烯醇（PVA）水凝胶。通过工程化的大分子链多尺度强化和增韧，实现了致密的聚合物网络、增加的结晶度和增强的氢键相互作用，使得 PVA 水凝胶具有优异的机械性能。所得水凝胶的拉伸强度、韧性和断裂能分别高达 21.4 MPa、182.3 MJ/m3 和 56.8 kJ/m2。本研究为有效调节大分子链构象，从而提高凝胶材料的综合机械性能提供了一条新途径。

[47] Correlation between Synthesis Parameters and Hyperelasticity of Hydrogels: Experimental Investigation and Theoretical Modeling Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2024, 190. The mechanical properties of hydrogels are significantly influenced by synthesis parameters. Although the mapping from the space of synthesis parameters to the space of properties has been investigated experimentally, a quantitative theoretical framework is still lacking. In this work, the effect of synthesis parameters on the hyperelastic behaviors of hydrogels was experimentally studied. Subsequently, we conducted theoretical analysis by combining the constitutive model and polymer physics to quantify the correlation between synthesis parameters (the initial water content, current water content, and degree of cross-linking) and hyperelasticity (the elastic modulus, degree of entanglement, and stress -stretch ratio curve) of hydrogels. The internal relation between critical polymer content for entanglement and both the initial water content and degree of cross-linking arises from the scaling laws. By analyzing the critical polymer content for entanglement and comparing it with the current polymer content, hydrogels are categorized as either cross-linking-dominated or entanglement-dominated. The current study indicates that a low degree of cross-linking, i.e., a long-chain structure, is an important prerequisite for plenty of entanglements. Hydrogels with low cross-linking are highly entangled, whether they possess high initial water content/low current water content or low initial water content/high current water content. This work paves the way for the systematic design of synthesis parameters, thereby guiding the modulation and optimization of the overall mechanical properties and the application of hydrogels.
[47] 水凝胶合成参数与超弹性关系：实验研究及理论建模 物理与固体力学杂志，2024，190。水凝胶的力学性能显著受合成参数影响。尽管已通过实验研究了从合成参数空间到性能空间的映射，但仍然缺乏一个定量的理论框架。在本工作中，我们通过实验研究了合成参数对水凝胶超弹性行为的影响。随后，我们结合本构模型和聚合物物理学进行了理论分析，以量化合成参数（初始含水量、当前含水量和交联程度）与水凝胶超弹性（弹性模量、缠结程度和应力-伸长比曲线）之间的相关性。缠结临界聚合物含量与初始含水量和交联程度的内部关系源于尺度定律。 通过分析缠结的临界聚合物含量并与当前聚合物含量进行比较，水凝胶被分为以交联为主或以缠结为主。当前研究指出，低程度的交联，即长链结构，是大量缠结的重要先决条件。无论水凝胶具有高初始水含量/低当前水含量还是低初始水含量/高当前水含量，低交联度水凝胶都高度缠结。这项工作为合成参数的系统设计铺平了道路，从而指导了水凝胶的整体机械性能的调节和优化。

[48] Optical Microfiber Intelligent Sensor: Wearable Cardiorespiratory and Behavior Monitoring with a Flexible Wave-Shaped Polymer Optical Microfiber ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2024, 16(7): 8333-8345. With the advantages of high flexibility, strong real-time monitoring capabilities, and convenience, wearable devices have shown increasingly powerful application potential in medical rehabilitation, health monitoring, the Internet of Things, and human-computer interaction. In this paper, we propose a novel and wearable optical microfiber intelligent sensor based on a wavy-shaped polymer optical microfiber (WPOMF) for cardiorespiratory and behavioral monitoring of humans. The optical fibers based on polymer materials are prepared into optical microfibers, fully using the advantages of the polymer material and optical microfibers. The prepared polymer optical microfiber is designed into a flexible wave-shaped structure, which enables the WPOMF sensor to have higher tensile properties and detection sensitivity. Cardiorespiratory and behavioral detection experiments based on the WPOMF sensor are successfully performed, which demonstrates the high sensitivity and stability potential of the WPOMF sensor when performing wearable tasks. Further, the success of the AI-assisted medical keyword pronunciation recognition experiment fully demonstrates the feasibility of integrating AI technology with the WPOMF sensor, which can effectively improve the intelligence of the sensor as a wearable device. As an optical microfiber intelligent sensor, the WPOMF sensor offers broad application prospects in disease monitoring, rehabilitation medicine, the Internet of Things, and other fields.
[48] 光学微纤维智能传感器：基于波形聚合物光学微纤维的可穿戴心呼吸和行为监测 ACS 应用材料与界面，2024，16(7): 8333-8345。具有高柔性、强实时监测能力和便利性的优势，可穿戴设备在医疗康复、健康监测、物联网和人机交互等领域展现出越来越强大的应用潜力。在本文中，我们提出了一种基于波形聚合物光学微纤维（WPOMF）的新型可穿戴光学微纤维智能传感器，用于人类的心呼吸和行为监测。基于聚合物材料的光纤被制备成光学微纤维，充分利用了聚合物材料和光学微纤维的优势。制备的聚合物光学微纤维被设计成柔性波形结构，这使得 WPOMF 传感器具有更高的拉伸性能和检测灵敏度。 基于 WPOMF 传感器的 cardiorespiratory 和行为检测实验成功进行，这证明了 WPOMF 传感器在进行可穿戴任务时具有高灵敏度和稳定性潜力。此外，AI 辅助医疗关键词发音识别实验的成功充分展示了将 AI 技术与 WPOMF 传感器集成的可行性，这可以有效提高传感器作为可穿戴设备的智能化水平。作为光学微纤维智能传感器，WPOMF 传感器在疾病监测、康复医学、物联网等领域具有广阔的应用前景。

[49] A Universal Strategy to Mitigate Microphase Separation Via Cellulose Nanocrystal Hydration in Fabricating Strong, Tough, and Fatigue‐Resistant Hydrogels Advanced Materials, 2024, 37(7): 2416916-2416928.
[49] 一种通过纤维素纳米晶体水合作用减轻微相分离的通用策略，用于制备强韧、耐疲劳水凝胶，《先进材料》，2024，37(7)：2416916-2416928。

[50] Emerging Interactively Stretchable Electronics with Optical and Electrical Dual-Signal Feedbacks Based on Structural Color Materials Nano Research, 2024, 17(3): 1837-1855. The booming development of wearable devices has aroused increasing interests in flexible and stretchable devices. With mechanosensory functionality, these devices are highly desirable on account of their wide range of applications in electronic skin, personal healthcare, human-machine interfaces and beyond. However, they are mostly limited by single electrical signal feedback, restricting their diverse applications in visualized mechanical sensing. Inspired by the mechanochromism of structural color materials, interactively stretchable electronics with optical and electrical dual-signal feedbacks are recently emerged as novel sensory platforms, by combining both of their sensing mechanisms and characteristics. Herein, recent studies on interactively stretchable electronics based on structural color materials are reviewed. Following a brief introduction of their basic components (i.e., stretchable electronics and mechanochromic structural color materials), two types of interactively stretchable electronics with respect to the nanostructures of mechanochromic materials are outlined, focusing primarily on their design considerations and fabrication strategies. Finally, the main challenges and future perspectives of these emerging devices are discussed.
[50] 基于结构色材料的具有光学和电学双信号反馈的交互式可拉伸电子器件研究，纳米研究，2024，17(3)：1837-1855。可穿戴设备的蓬勃发展引发了人们对柔性可拉伸设备的日益关注。这些设备因其广泛的应用范围，如电子皮肤、个人医疗保健、人机界面等，具有机械感官功能，因此备受青睐。然而，它们大多受限于单一电信号反馈，限制了其在可视化机械传感中的多样化应用。受结构色材料的机械色变启发，具有光学和电学双信号反馈的交互式可拉伸电子器件最近作为一种新型传感平台应运而生，通过结合两者的传感机制和特性。本文综述了基于结构色材料的交互式可拉伸电子器件的最新研究。 在简要介绍其基本组件（即可拉伸电子和机械变色结构色材料）之后，概述了两种针对机械变色材料纳米结构的交互式可拉伸电子类型，主要关注其设计考虑和制造策略。最后，讨论了这些新兴设备的主要挑战和未来展望。

[51] Multiresponsive Ionic Conductive Alginate/Gelatin Organohydrogels with Tunable Functions Advanced Functional Materials, 2024, 34(52). Materials combining stretchability and sensitivity to external stimuli are key for wearable electronics applications to enable the emergence of disruptive technologies in biosensing, health monitoring, photodetection and human motion recognition. Conductive organohydrogels have gained significant attention due to their high sensitivity and cost-effective preparation. Biopolymers like gelatin and alginate offer unique opportunities for developing responsive wearable devices, owing to their biocompatibility and sensitivity toward environmental factors. Here sustainable bio-inspired method is presented to produce alginategelatin organohydrogels combining transparency in the visible range, ionic conductivity, high stretchability, and multiresponsiveness. The controlled alginate's crosslinking with various metal cations like Mn2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, and Zr4+ enables modulating ionic conductivity as well as finely tuning the material's thermal and mechanical properties. These organohydrogels show responsiveness to temperature (from 10 to 50 degrees, with a sensitivity of 0.19 K-1), relative humidity (from 20 to 80%, with a sensitivity of 0.022 RH(%)(-1)), and strain (gauge factor >1.6), enabling real-time monitoring of environmental and physiological parameters. Remarkably, they also exhibit photoresponsivity of 9.2 mu A W-1 under visible light, a feature rarely reported in literature. The ease of tuning responsiveness to the chosen stimuli and the high sensitivities open perspectives for applying these materials as wearable stretchable sensors.
[51] 具有可调功能的多元响应性离子导电藻酸盐/明胶有机水凝胶 高性能材料，2024，34(52)。兼具拉伸性和对外部刺激敏感性的材料对于可穿戴电子应用至关重要，有助于生物传感、健康监测、光检测和人体运动识别等颠覆性技术的出现。导电有机水凝胶因其高灵敏度和低成本制备而受到广泛关注。明胶和藻酸盐等生物聚合物因其生物相容性和对环境因素的敏感性，为开发响应式可穿戴设备提供了独特的机会。本文提出了一种可持续的生物启发方法，用于生产具有可见光范围内透明度、离子导电性、高拉伸性和多响应性的藻酸盐-明胶有机水凝胶。通过控制藻酸盐与各种金属阳离子（如 Mn2+、Cu2+、Fe3+和 Zr4+）的交联，可以调节离子导电性以及精细调节材料的热和力学性能。 这些有机水凝胶对温度（从 10 到 50 度，灵敏度为 0.19 K-1）、相对湿度（从 20 到 80%，灵敏度为 0.022 RH(%)(-1)）和应变（量程因子>1.6）有响应，能够实时监测环境和生理参数。值得注意的是，它们在可见光下还表现出 9.2 μA W-1 的光响应性，这在文献中很少报道。易于调节对所选刺激的响应性以及高灵敏度，为将这些材料作为可穿戴柔性传感器应用提供了前景。

[52] Fundamental Aspects of Stretchable Mechanochromic Materials: Fabrication and Characterization Materials, 2024, 17(16). Mechanochromic materials provide optical changes in response to mechanical stress and are of interest in a wide range of potential applications such as strain sensing, structural health monitoring, and encryption. Advanced manufacturing such as 3D printing enables the fabrication of complex patterns and geometries. In this work, classes of stretchable mechanochromic materials that provide visual color changes when tension is applied, namely, dyes, polymer dispersed liquid crystals, liquid crystal elastomers, cellulose nanocrystals, photonic nanostructures, hydrogels, and hybrid systems (combinations of other classes) are reviewed. For each class, synthesis and processing, as well as the mechanism of color change are discussed. To enable materials selection across the classes, the mechanochromic sensitivity of the different classes of materials are compared. Photonic systems demonstrate high mechanochromic sensitivity (Delta nm/% strain), large dynamic color range, and rapid reversibility. Further, the mechanochromic behavior can be predicted using a simple mechanical model. Photonic systems with a wide range of mechanical properties (elastic modulus) have been achieved. The addition of dyes to photonic systems has broadened the dynamic range, i.e., the strain over which there is an optical change. For applications in which irreversible color change is desired, dye-based systems or liquid crystal elastomer systems can be formulated. While many promising applications have been demonstrated, manufacturing uniform color on a large scale remains a challenge. Standardized characterization methods are needed to translate materials to practical applications. The sustainability of mechanochromic materials is also an important consideration.
[52] 可拉伸机械变色材料的根本方面：制造与表征材料，2024，17(16)。机械变色材料在机械应力下提供光学变化，并在应变传感、结构健康监测和加密等广泛潜在应用中具有兴趣。先进的制造技术如 3D 打印能够制造复杂图案和几何形状。在本工作中，审查了在施加张力时提供视觉颜色变化的可拉伸机械变色材料类别，即染料、聚合物分散液晶、液晶弹性体、纤维素纳米晶体、光子纳米结构、水凝胶和混合系统（其他类别的组合）。对于每个类别，讨论了合成和加工以及颜色变化的机制。为了在类别之间进行材料选择，比较了不同类别材料的机械变色灵敏度。光子系统表现出高机械变色灵敏度（Delta nm/%应变）、大动态颜色范围和快速可逆性。 此外，机械着色行为可以通过一个简单的机械模型进行预测。已经实现了具有广泛机械性能（弹性模量）的光子系统。向光子系统中添加染料扩大了动态范围，即产生光学变化的应变范围。对于需要不可逆颜色变化的应用，可以配制基于染料的系统或液晶弹性体系统。虽然已经展示了许多有希望的应用，但在大规模上制造均匀颜色仍然是一个挑战。需要标准化的表征方法来将材料转化为实际应用。机械着色材料的可持续性也是一个重要的考虑因素。

[53] A Biomimetic "Salting out-Alignment-Locking" Tactic to Design Strong and Tough Hydrogel Advanced Materials, 2024, 36(25): e2400084. Recently, hydrogel-based soft materials have demonstrated huge potential in soft robotics, flexible electronics as well as artificial skins. Although various methods are developed to prepare tough and strong hydrogels, it is still challenging to simultaneously enhance the strength and toughness of hydrogels, especially for protein-based hydrogels. Herein, a biomimetic "salting out-alignment-locking" tactic (SALT) is introduced for enhancing mechanical properties through the synergy of alignment and the salting out effect. As a typical example, tensile strength and modulus of initially brittle gelatin hydrogels increase 940 folds to 10.12 +/- 0.50 MPa and 2830 folds to 34.26 +/- 3.94 MPa, respectively, and the toughness increases up to 1785 folds to 14.28 +/- 3.13 MJ m-3. The obtained strength and toughness hold records for the previously reported gelatin-based hydrogel and are close to the tendons. It is further elucidated that the salting out effect engenders hydrophobic domains, while prestretching facilitates chain alignment, both synergistically contributing to the outstanding mechanical properties. It is noteworthy that the SALT demonstrates remarkable versatility across different salt types and polymer systems, thus opening up new avenues for engineering strong, tough, and stiff hydrogels. Inspired by the natural spider silk dragline producing process, a "salting out-alignment-locking" tactic (SALT) is developed in this paper. The obtained strength and toughness of gelatin hydrogels through SALT hold records for the previously reported gelatin-based hydrogel and are close to the tendons. The SALT also exhibits universality toward other salts and polymer systems. image
[53] 一种仿生“盐析-对齐-锁定”策略设计强韧水凝胶先进材料，2024，36(25)：e2400084。近年来，基于水凝胶的软材料在软体机器人、柔性电子和人工皮肤等领域展现出巨大潜力。尽管已经开发出各种方法来制备坚韧和强韧的水凝胶，但仍然具有挑战性，特别是在同时增强水凝胶的强度和韧性方面，尤其是对于基于蛋白质的水凝胶。在此，提出了一种仿生“盐析-对齐-锁定”策略（SALT），通过对齐和盐析效应的协同作用来增强机械性能。作为一个典型例子，最初脆性的明胶水凝胶的拉伸强度和模量分别增加了 940 倍至 10.12 +/- 0.50 MPa 和 2830 倍至 34.26 +/- 3.94 MPa，韧性增加了高达 1785 倍至 14.28 +/- 3.13 MJ m-3。获得的强度和韧性创下了之前报道的基于明胶的水凝胶记录，并且接近肌腱。 进一步阐明，盐析效应产生疏水域，而预拉伸促进链对齐，两者协同贡献了卓越的机械性能。值得注意的是，SALT 在不同盐类和聚合物体系中表现出显著的通用性，从而为工程化强韧、刚硬的水凝胶开辟了新的途径。受自然界蜘蛛丝拖曳线生产过程的启发，本文开发了一种“盐析-对齐-锁定”策略（SALT）。通过 SALT 获得的明胶水凝胶的强度和韧性创下了之前报道的明胶基水凝胶的记录，并且接近肌腱。SALT 对其他盐类和聚合物体系也表现出通用性。图片

[54] Continuous‐Gradient Mineralized Hydrogel Synthesized Via Gravitational Osmosis for Osteochondral Defect Repair Advanced Functional Materials, 2024, 34(48).
[54] 通过重力渗透合成的连续梯度矿化水凝胶用于软骨下缺损修复，先进功能材料，2024，34(48)。

[55] Controlling the Sound of Light: Photoswitching Optoacoustic Imaging Nature Methods, 2024, 21(11): 1996-2007. Optoacoustic (photoacoustic) imaging advances allow high-resolution optical imaging much deeper than optical microscopy. However, while label-free optoacoustics have already entered clinical application, biological imaging is in need of ubiquitous optoacoustic labels for use in ways that are similar to how fluorescent proteins propelled optical microscopy. We review photoswitching advances that shine a new light or, in analogy, 'bring a new sound' to biological optoacoustic imaging. Based on engineered labels and novel devices, switching uses light or other energy forms and enables signal modulation and synchronous detection for maximizing contrast and detection sensitivity over other optoacoustic labels. Herein, we explain contrast enhancement in the spectral versus temporal domains and review labels and key concepts of switching and their properties to modulate optoacoustic signals. We further outline systems and applications and discuss how switching can enable optoacoustic imaging of cellular or molecular contrast at depths and resolutions beyond those of other optical methods. This Review describes how photoswitchable probes and associated hardware innovations are poised to transform optoacoustic imaging in life sciences research.
控制光的声音：光开关光声成像 自然方法，2024，21(11)：1996-2007。光声（光声）成像技术的进步使得光学显微镜的分辨率更高，成像深度更深。然而，尽管无标记光声学已经进入临床应用，生物成像仍需要无处不在的光声标记，以便以类似于荧光蛋白推动光学显微镜的方式使用。我们回顾了光开关技术的进展，这些技术为生物光声成像带来了新的视角，或者说，在类比中，“带来了新的声音”。基于工程化标记和新型设备，开关利用光或其他能量形式，实现信号调制和同步检测，以最大化对比度和检测灵敏度，超过其他光声标记。在此，我们解释了光谱域和时域中的对比度增强，并回顾了开关的标记和关键概念及其调节光声信号的性质。 我们进一步概述了系统和应用，并讨论了如何通过切换实现比其他光学方法更深的深度和更高的分辨率的光声成像细胞或分子对比。本综述描述了光开关探针和相关硬件创新如何有望改变生命科学领域的研究中的光声成像。

[56] Photonic Crystal Structures for Photovoltaic Applications Materials, 2024, 17(5): 1196-1225. Photonic crystals are artificial structures with a spatial periodicity of dielectric permittivity on the wavelength scale. This feature results in a spectral region over which no light can propagate within such a material, known as the photonic band gap (PBG). It leads to a unique interaction between light and matter. A photonic crystal can redirect, concentrate, or even trap incident light. Different materials (dielectrics, semiconductors, metals, polymers, etc.) and 1D, 2D, and 3D architectures (layers, inverse opal, woodpile, etc.) of photonic crystals enable great flexibility in designing the optical response of the material. This opens an extensive range of applications, including photovoltaics. Photonic crystals can be used as anti-reflective and light-trapping surfaces, back reflectors, spectrum splitters, absorption enhancers, radiation coolers, or electron transport layers. This paper presents an overview of the developments and trends in designing photonic structures for different photovoltaic applications.
[56] 光子晶体结构在光伏应用中的材料，2024，17(5)：1196-1225。光子晶体是一种在波长尺度上具有介电介电常数空间周期的人工结构。这一特性导致在某种材料中存在一个光无法传播的频谱区域，称为光子带隙（PBG）。这导致光与物质之间产生独特的相互作用。光子晶体可以重新定向、集中或甚至捕获入射光。不同材料（介电体、半导体、金属、聚合物等）和光子晶体的 1D、2D 和 3D 结构（层、逆蛋白石、木堆等）使设计材料的光学响应具有极大的灵活性。这开辟了广泛的应用范围，包括光伏。光子晶体可以用作抗反射和光捕获表面、背反射器、光谱分离器、吸收增强器、辐射冷却器或电子传输层。本文概述了设计不同光伏应用的光子结构的发展趋势。

[57] High-Strength Conductive Hydrogels Based on the Hofmeister Effect for Friction Nanogenerators Materials Today Chemistry, 2024, 40. Hydrogels have received much attention in the field of flexible electronics as materials with flexibility and multifunctionality. The mechanical strength of conventional hydrogels is usually difficult to meet the requirements of practical applications in electronic devices. How to fabricate a high-strength hydrogel should remain a challenge. Here, a strategy to enhance the mechanical properties of conductive hydrogels based on the Hofmeister effect is reported. The mechanical properties of hydrogels were enhanced by increasing the polymer chain density, enhancing the hydrophobicity and increasing the crystallinity, the high-strength and hightoughness polyvinyl alcohol/carbon nanotubes/polyethyleneimine (PVA/MWCNTs/PEI) conductive hydrogel was successfully produced. The ultimate stress of the hydrogel was as high as 3.5-6.3 MPa, the elongation at break was between 500 and 1200 %, and the toughness was up to 23.62 MJ/m3. The conductivity of highstrength, high-toughness hydrogel is 0.05-0.45 S/m. Hydrogel was manufactured into a single-electrode friction nanogenerator (TENG), and it can easily light up to 100 LEDs. Therefore, this high-strength and hightoughness conductive hydrogel has great potential for TENG applications, offering the possibility of extending the working life of TENG in harsh environments.
[57] 基于霍夫迈斯特效应的高强度导电水凝胶用于摩擦纳米发电机 材料今日化学，2024，40。水凝胶作为具有柔韧性和多功能性的材料，在柔性电子领域受到了广泛关注。传统水凝胶的机械强度通常难以满足电子设备实际应用的要求。如何制备高强度水凝胶应仍然是一个挑战。在此，报道了一种基于霍夫迈斯特效应增强导电水凝胶机械性能的策略。通过增加聚合物链密度、增强疏水性和提高结晶度，成功制备了高强度、高韧性聚乙烯醇/碳纳米管/聚乙烯亚胺（PVA/MWCNTs/PEI）导电水凝胶。水凝胶的极限应力高达 3.5-6.3 MPa，断裂伸长率在 500%至 1200%之间，韧性高达 23.62 MJ/m3。高强度、高韧性水凝胶的导电率为 0.05-0.45 S/m。 水凝胶被制成单电极摩擦纳米发电机（TENG），可以轻松点亮 100 个 LED。因此，这种高强度、高韧性的导电水凝胶在 TENG 应用中具有巨大潜力，为在恶劣环境中延长 TENG 的使用寿命提供了可能性。

[58] Contact Lens as an Emerging Platform for Non-Invasive Bio-Sensing: A Review Sensors and Actuators a-Physical, 2024, 376. Contact lenses are emerging as a promising platform for non-invasive biosensing of various biomarkers in tear fluid. This review covers recent advances in developing contact lens-based biosensors for detecting glucose, lactate, intraocular pressure, matrix metalloproteinases, and cancer biomarkers. Photonic crystal-based colorimetric sensors exploiting the diffraction of visible light have shown great potential for continuous monitoring of tear glucose levels. Electrochemical enzymatic biosensors integrated into contact lenses have also been explored for detecting lactate and glucose. Novel sensing approaches based on microfluidics, antiopal photonic structures, cantilevers, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates have enabled non-invasive measurement of intraocular pressure, inflammatory biomarkers like MMP-9, and cancer exosomes in tear fluid. Contact lensbased biosensors offer the unique advantages of being non-invasive, providing a direct sample interface, enabling continuous monitoring, and integrating multiple sensing modalities. However, challenges related to enzyme stability, calibration, manufacturing scalability, sterilization, and regulatory approval need to be addressed before widespread clinical implementation. Overall, this multidisciplinary field combining contact lenses with advanced biosensing technologies holds immense potential for transforming healthcare through predictive, preventive, and personalized monitoring of ocular and systemic conditions.
[58] 角膜接触镜作为非侵入式生物传感的新兴平台：综述 Sensors and Actuators a-Physical，2024，376。角膜接触镜正成为检测泪液中各种生物标志物的非侵入式生物传感的有前景平台。本综述涵盖了基于角膜接触镜的生物传感器在检测葡萄糖、乳酸、眼内压、基质金属蛋白酶和癌症生物标志物方面的最新进展。基于光子晶体的比色传感器，利用可见光的衍射，在连续监测泪液葡萄糖水平方面显示出巨大潜力。集成到角膜接触镜中的电化学酶生物传感器也被探索用于检测乳酸和葡萄糖。基于微流控、抗黄变光子结构、悬臂梁和表面增强拉曼光谱基底的全新传感方法，实现了对眼内压、炎症生物标志物如 MMP-9 以及泪液中的癌症外泌体的非侵入式测量。基于角膜接触镜的生物传感器具有独特的优势，包括非侵入性、提供直接样本界面、实现连续监测以及集成多种传感模式。 然而，在广泛临床应用之前，需要解决与酶稳定性、校准、制造可扩展性、灭菌和监管批准相关的问题。总的来说，这一多学科领域将隐形眼镜与先进的生物传感技术相结合，具有通过预测性、预防性和个性化监测眼部和全身状况来改变医疗保健的巨大潜力。

[59] Bioinspired Ultra‐Stretchable and Highly Sensitive Structural Color Electronic Skins Advanced Functional Materials, 2024, 35(2).
[59] 受生物启发的超可拉伸和高度敏感的结构色电子皮肤，先进功能材料，2024，35(2)。

[60] Super-Tough, Non-Swelling Zwitterionic Hydrogel Sensor Based on the Hofmeister Effect for Potential Motion Monitoring of Marine Animals Advanced Materials, 2024, 36(48): e2412162. Hydrogel-based electronic devices in aquatic environments have sparked widespread research interest. Nevertheless, the challenge of developing hydrogel electronics underwater has not been profoundly surmounted because of the fragility and swelling of hydrogels in aquatic environments. In this work, a zwitterionic double network hydrogel comprised of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA), and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) demonstrates super-tough and non-swelling performance. The Hofmeister effect of H2SO4 and PSBMA induces the PVA chains to form numerous nanocrystalline domains, which serve as the primary physical crosslinking points and provide effective energy dissipation. H2SO4 induces a strong salting-out effect to facilitate PVA crystallization and the formation of a dense and stable network structure that inhibits swelling. The resulting hydrogel exhibits an ultra-high toughness of 4.61 MJ m-3, non-swelling, and long-term stability for up to a month in pure water and seawater. Based on this, a hydrogel-based seawater strain sensor has been developed to monitor the underwater movements of marine animal models. Reliable and stable sensing performance ensures real-time collection of underwater motion signals, despite the impacts of water flow and the interference of ions. This study provides a facile approach to designing super-tough and non-swelling hydrogels and further expands the application of underwater electronic devices. In this work, based on the Hoffmeister effect of sulfuric acid and polyzwitterions that promote numerous nanocrystalline domains in PVA chains, a super-tough and non-swelling double-network hydrogel is designed. Due to its excellent underwater sensing performance, the oceanic strain sensor based on the hydrogel successfully demonstrates long-term and stable motion monitoring of marine animal models. image
[60] 基于霍夫迈斯特效应的超耐磨、不膨胀两性离子水凝胶传感器，用于海洋动物潜在运动监测，《先进材料》，2024，36(48)：e2412162。基于水凝胶的电子设备在水生环境中引发了广泛的研究兴趣。然而，由于水凝胶在水生环境中的脆弱性和膨胀问题，开发水下水凝胶电子设备仍然是一个尚未根本解决的挑战。在这项工作中，由聚乙烯醇（PVA）、聚（磺基胆碱甲丙烯酸酯）（PSBMA）和硫酸（H2SO4）组成的两性离子双网络水凝胶表现出超耐磨和非膨胀性能。H2SO4 和 PSBMA 的霍夫迈斯特效应诱导 PVA 链形成大量纳米晶区，这些纳米晶区作为主要的物理交联点，并有效提供能量耗散。H2SO4 诱导强烈的盐析效应，促进 PVA 结晶和形成致密稳定的网络结构，从而抑制膨胀。 该水凝胶表现出超高的韧性，为 4.61 MJ m-3，不膨胀，并在纯水和海水中保持长期稳定性长达一个月。基于此，已开发了一种基于水凝胶的海水应变传感器，用于监测海洋动物模型的水下运动。可靠的稳定传感性能确保了即使在水流影响和离子干扰的情况下，也能实时收集水下运动信号。本研究提供了一种设计超韧性和非膨胀水凝胶的简便方法，并进一步扩大了水下电子设备的应用。在本工作中，基于硫酸和聚双电荷中性基团在 PVA 链中促进众多纳米晶体区域形成的霍夫迈斯特效应，设计了一种超韧性和非膨胀的双网络水凝胶。由于其卓越的水下传感性能，基于水凝胶的海洋应变传感器成功展示了海洋动物模型长期稳定的运动监测。图片

[61] Antifreezing, Antidrying, and Conductive Hydrogels for Electronic Skin Applications at Ultralow Temperatures ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2024, 16(16): 21133-21145. Although conductive hydrogel-based flexible electronic devices have superb flexibility and high conductivities, they tend to malfunction in dry or frigid areas. Herein, an ultralow-temperature tolerant, antidrying, and conductive composite hydrogel is designed for electronic skin applications on the basis of the synergy of double-cross-linked polymer networks, Hofmeister effect, and electrostatic interaction and fabricated by in situ free radical polymerization of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid and acrylic acid in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) and conductive MXene sheets, followed by impregnation with LiCl. Thanks to the synergy of LiCl and the charged polar terminal groups of the synthesized polymers, the composite hydrogel can not only bear an ultralow temperature of -80 degrees C without freezing but also maintain its original mass. Meanwhile, the resultant hydrogel possesses satisfactory self-regeneration ability benefiting from the moisturizing effect of LiCl. The conductive network of MXene sheets greatly improves the ionic conductivity of the hydrogel at low temperatures, exhibiting an ionic conductivity of 1.4 S m(-1) at -80 C-degrees. Furthermore, the electronic skin assembled by the multifunctional hydrogel is efficient in monitoring human motions at -80(degrees)C. The antifreezing and antidrying features along with favorable ionic conductivity, high tensile strength, and outstanding flexibility make the composite hydrogel promising for applications in frigid and dry regions.
[61] 超低温耐受、防干燥和导电水凝胶在电子皮肤应用中的研究——应用于 ACS 应用材料与界面，2024，16(16)：21133-21145。尽管基于导电水凝胶的柔性电子设备具有优异的柔韧性和高导电性，但它们在干燥或寒冷地区容易发生故障。在此，基于双交联聚合物网络、Hofmeister 效应和静电相互作用的协同作用，设计了一种超低温耐受、防干燥和导电复合水凝胶，用于电子皮肤应用。该水凝胶通过在聚乙烯醇和导电 MXene 薄片存在下，原位自由基聚合 2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基-1-丙磺酸和丙烯酸制成，随后浸渍 LiCl。得益于 LiCl 和合成的聚合物带电极性端基的协同作用，该复合水凝胶不仅能在-80 摄氏度的超低温下不冻结，还能保持其原始质量。同时，由于 LiCl 的保湿作用，所得水凝胶具有令人满意的自我修复能力。 MXene 片材的导电网络显著提高了低温下水凝胶的离子电导率，在-80°C 下表现出 1.4 S m(-1)的离子电导率。此外，由多功能水凝胶组装的电子皮肤在-80°C 下有效地监测人体运动。防冻和抗干燥特性，以及良好的离子电导率、高拉伸强度和优异的柔韧性，使该复合水凝胶在寒冷和干燥地区应用前景广阔。

[62] Tough, Conductive Hydrogels Based on Gelatin and Oxidized Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose as Flexible Sensors Carbohydrate Polymers, 2024, 335: 121920. Natural polymer-based hydrogels have been wildly used in electronic skin, health monitoring and human motion sensing. However, the construction of hydrogel with excellent mechanical strength and electrical conductivity totally using natural polymers still faces many challenges. In this paper, gelatin and oxidized sodium carboxymethylcellulose were used to synthesize a double-network hydrogel through the dynamic Schiff base bonds. Then, the mechanical strength of the hydrogel was further enhanced by immersing it in an ammonium sulfate solution based on the Hofmeister effect between gelatin and salt. Finally, the gelatin/oxidized sodium carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel exhibited high tensile properties (614 %), tensile fracture strength (2.6 MPa), excellent compressive fracture strength (64 MPa), and compressive toughness (4.28 MJ/m 3 ). Also, the electrical conductivity reached 3.94 S/m. The hydrogel after salt soaked was fabricated as strain sensors, which could accurately monitor the movement of many joints in the human body, such as fingers, wrists, elbows, neck, and throat. Therefore, the designed hydrogel fully originated from natural polymers and has great application potential in motion detection and information recording.
[62] 基于明胶和氧化羧甲基纤维素的水凝胶：具有导电性的柔性传感器，碳水化合物聚合物，2024，335：121920。基于天然聚合物的水凝胶在电子皮肤、健康监测和人体运动感知方面得到了广泛应用。然而，完全使用天然聚合物构建具有优异机械强度和导电性的水凝胶仍面临许多挑战。在本文中，通过动态席夫碱键合，使用明胶和氧化羧甲基纤维素合成了双网络水凝胶。然后，通过基于明胶与盐之间的霍夫迈斯特效应的硫酸铵溶液浸泡，进一步增强了水凝胶的机械强度。最终，明胶/氧化羧甲基纤维素水凝胶表现出高拉伸性能（614%）、拉伸断裂强度（2.6 MPa）、优异的压缩断裂强度（64 MPa）和压缩韧性（4.28 MJ/m³）。此外，电导率达到了 3.94 S/m。 盐浸泡后的水凝胶被制成应变传感器，能够准确监测人体许多关节的运动，如手指、手腕、肘部、颈部和喉咙。因此，设计的这种水凝胶完全源自天然聚合物，在运动检测和信息记录方面具有很大的应用潜力。

[63] Hofmeister Effect Enhanced Sio2/Gelatin-Based Hydrophobically Associated Hydrogels and Their Lubricating Properties International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2024, 283(Pt 3): 137801. In recent years, hydrogel materials with suitable energy dissipation mechanisms and excellent mechanical properties have attracted much attention in tissue engineering due to their ability to mimic the natural cartilage structure. However, in cartilage tissue's regeneration and repair process, hydrogel materials should also possess satisfactory lubrication properties and biocompatibility. Therefore, preparing biocompatible low friction, high toughness hydrogels remain a challenge. In this paper, a new strategy is proposed to use gelatin, acrylamide (AM), lauryl methacrylate (LMA) and SiO(2) to construct hydrophobically associated hydrogels, where gelatin was used as an emulsifier and SiO(2) was used to a nano-enhanced filler. Then the Hofmeister effect enhanced SiO(2)/gelatin-based hydrophobically associated hydrogels were prepared by one-step immersion in ammonium sulfate solution. The results showed that the strong "salting out" effect of ammonium sulfate solution on gelatin led to further enhancement of the hydrophobic interactions between gelatin molecular chains, which significantly improved the mechanical properties and lubrication ability of the hydrogels. Furthermore, Calcein AM-PI fluorescent staining and haemolysis assays showed that the hydrogel had low cytotoxicity and good haemocompatibility, and ELISA and scratch assays confirmed the positive regulatory effect of the hydrogel on normal cell growth. The Hofmeister effect-enhanced SiO(2)/gelatin-based hydrophobically associated hydrogels have potential applications in articular cartilage repair.
[63] 基于 Hofmeister 效应增强的 SiO2/明胶基疏水相互作用水凝胶及其润滑性能 国际生物大分子杂志，2024，283（第 3 部分）：137801。近年来，由于能够模拟天然软骨结构，具有适宜的能量耗散机制和优异力学性能的水凝胶材料在组织工程领域引起了广泛关注。然而，在软骨组织的再生和修复过程中，水凝胶材料还应具备令人满意的润滑性能和生物相容性。因此，制备生物相容性低摩擦、高韧性水凝胶仍然是一个挑战。在本文中，提出了一种新策略，利用明胶、丙烯酰胺（AM）、十二烷基丙烯酸酯（LMA）和 SiO2 构建疏水相互作用水凝胶，其中明胶用作乳化剂，SiO2 用作纳米增强填料。然后通过一步浸入硫酸铵溶液制备了 Hofmeister 效应增强的 SiO2/明胶基疏水相互作用水凝胶。 实验结果表明，硫酸铵溶液对明胶的强“盐析”作用导致明胶分子链之间的疏水相互作用进一步增强，从而显著提高了水凝胶的机械性能和润滑能力。此外，Calcein AM-PI 荧光染色和溶血试验表明，该水凝胶具有低细胞毒性和良好的血液相容性，ELISA 和划痕试验证实了水凝胶对正常细胞生长的积极调控作用。基于 SiO2/明胶的 Hofmeister 效应增强的疏水相互作用水凝胶在关节软骨修复方面具有潜在应用。

[64] Current Status of Research on Polysaccharide-Based Functional Gradient Gel Materials: A Review Carbohydrate Polymers, 2024, 344. Functional gradient materials with material property anisotropy are one of the hotspots of current new material research. The gradient change of material properties comes from the change of the content of one or more components in the material, which is closely related to the preparation process of the material. Meanwhile, polysaccharide materials, as an environmentally friendly and green material, have attracted extensive attention from researchers. This paper focuses on the preparation process of functional gradient gel materials based on polysaccharides, analyzes the laws affecting the distribution of substances during the molding process from the basic principles of material molding, and clarifies the advantages and disadvantages of various methods, so as to promote the innovation of the theory of the preparation method of functional gradient gel materials. At the same time, the specific applications that can be realized by the gradient materials are introduced and compared with the traditional homogeneous materials to elucidate the enhancement of the usage properties brought by their unique gradient structure or properties, which will play a certain role as a reference for the direction of the application of the subsequent materials.
[64] 聚糖基功能梯度凝胶材料研究现状：综述 碳水化合物聚合物，2024，344。具有材料性质各向异性的功能梯度材料是当前新材料研究的热点之一。材料性质的梯度变化来源于材料中一个或多个组分含量的变化，这与材料的制备过程密切相关。同时，作为环保型绿色材料，聚糖材料已引起研究者的广泛关注。本文重点讨论了基于聚糖的功能梯度凝胶材料的制备过程，从材料成型的基本原理出发，分析了影响成型过程中物质分布的规律，并明确了各种方法的优缺点，以促进功能梯度凝胶材料制备理论的创新。 同时，介绍了可以通过梯度材料实现的特定应用，并将其与传统均质材料进行比较，以阐明由其独特的梯度结构或性质带来的使用性能提升，这将在后续材料的应用方向上起到一定的参考作用。

[65] Tuning the Thermostability of Ghg Gels by Salts at Different Positions on the Hofmeister Scale Scientific Reports, 2024, 14(1).
[65] 通过不同位置上的盐调节 Ghg 凝胶的热稳定性 科学报告，2024，14(1)。

[66] Flexible Self-Supporting Photonic Crystals: Fabrications and Responsive Structural Colors Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 2024, 333. Photonic crystals (PCs) play an increasingly significant role in anti-counterfeiting, sensors, displays, and other fields due to their tunable structural colors produced by light manipulation of photonic stop bands. Flexible selfsupporting photonic crystals (FSPCs) eliminate the requirement for conventional structures to rely on the existence of hard substrates, as well as the problem of poor mechanical qualities caused by the stiffness of the building blocks. Meanwhile, diverse production techniques and materials provide FSPCs with varied stimulusresponsive color-changing capacities, thus they have received an abundance of focus. This review summarizes the preparation strategies and variable structural colors of FSPCs. First, a series of preparation strategies by integrating polymers with PCs are summarized, including assembly of colloidal spheres on flexible substrates, polymer packaging, polymer-based direct assembly, nanoimprinting, and 3D printing. Subsequently, variable structural colors of FSPCs with different stimulations, such as viewing angle, chemical stimulation (solvents, ions, pH, biomolecules, etc.), temperature, mechanical/magnetic stress, and light, are described in detail. Finally, the outlook and challenges regarding FSPCs are presented, and several potential directions for their fabrication and application are discussed. It's believed that FSPCs will be a valuable platform for advancing the practical implementation of optical metamaterials.
[66] 弹性自支撑光子晶体：制备与响应性结构色进展，胶体与界面科学，2024，333。光子晶体（PCs）由于通过光子带隙的光学操控产生可调结构色，在防伪、传感器、显示器和其他领域发挥着越来越重要的作用。柔性自支撑光子晶体（FSPCs）消除了传统结构对硬基底的依赖，以及由于构建块刚度引起的机械性能差的问题。同时，多样的生产技术和材料为 FSPCs 提供了不同的刺激响应变色能力，因此它们受到了广泛关注。本综述总结了 FSPCs 的制备策略和可变结构色。首先，总结了将聚合物与 PCs 结合的一系列制备策略，包括在柔性基板上组装胶体球、聚合物封装、基于聚合物的直接组装、纳米压印和 3D 打印。 随后，详细描述了不同刺激下 FSPCs 的变量结构颜色，例如观察角度、化学刺激（溶剂、离子、pH 值、生物分子等）、温度、机械/磁应力以及光。最后，介绍了 FSPCs 的前景和挑战，并讨论了其制造和应用的可能方向。人们相信 FSPCs 将成为推进光学超材料实际应用的有价值平台。

[67] Breathable Gelatin Conductive Hydrogels Using a Template Method and Reverse Use of Hofmeister Effect for Wearable Sensors ACS Applied Polymer Materials, 2024, 6(11): 6290-6301. Hydrogel-based wearable sensing devices are attractive and have broad application prospects on motion intention recognition and health monitoring. The research on the aspect of their wearable comfort and the improvement of breathability is essential. In this paper, a breathable porous hydrogel film was prepared using a template method combined with the inverse Hofmeister effect. Different from conventional hydrogels that utilize the Hofmeister effect by using lyophilic ions for toughening, our approach involved the reverse application of the Hofmeister effect, the use of chaotropic ions, which induced a loosening effect within the hydrogel interior, thereby achieving a more uniform pore distribution. The prepared hydrogel film has excellent mechanical properties (elongation at break of 404%, tensile strength of 173 kPa), air permeability (9.96 mg<middle dot>cm(-2)<middle dot>h(-1)), and sensitivity (GF = 4.41). The film is used as a wearable sensor with high sensitivity and accuracy to monitor human finger, wrist, and large joint movements, human electrophysiological signals [electromyogram (EMG) and electrocardiogram (ECG)], small changes in vocal cord vibration, and manipulation of electronic devices for gaming. This work provides an approach for the preparation of breathable hydrogel films as wearable sensors.
[67] 采用模板法和霍夫迈斯特效应的逆向应用制备可呼吸明胶导电水凝胶，用于可穿戴传感器，ACS 应用聚合物材料，2024，6(11)：6290-6301。基于水凝胶的可穿戴传感设备具有吸引力，在运动意图识别和健康监测方面具有广泛的应用前景。对其可穿戴舒适性和透气性的研究以及改进是至关重要的。在本文中，通过模板法结合逆霍夫迈斯特效应制备了一种可呼吸多孔水凝胶薄膜。与利用亲水离子通过霍夫迈斯特效应增强的传统水凝胶不同，我们的方法涉及霍夫迈斯特效应的逆向应用，即使用扰溶剂离子，这会在水凝胶内部产生松散效应，从而实现更均匀的孔分布。 制备的亲水凝胶薄膜具有优异的机械性能（断裂伸长率为 404%，抗拉强度为 173 kPa），透气性（9.96 mg·cm^-2·h^-1），灵敏度（GF = 4.41）。该薄膜用作具有高灵敏度和准确性的可穿戴传感器，用于监测人体手指、手腕和大关节的运动，人体电生理信号[肌电图（EMG）和心电图（ECG）]，声带振动的微小变化，以及游戏中的电子设备操作。这项工作提供了一种制备透气亲水凝胶薄膜作为可穿戴传感器的方法。

[68] Hofmeister Effect Mediated Conductivity of Hydrogel Electrolytes for High Performance Supercapacitor Batteries & Supercaps, 2024, 7(11). Regulating the performance of hydrogel electrolytes by Hofmeister effect has attracted great interest. However, the Hofmeister effects of cations on the conductivity of hydrogel electrolytes are rarely reported. Here, hydrogel electrolytes (polySA) have been fabricated by random copolymerization of zwitterionic monomers in the presence of NH4Cl, NaCl and LiCl. The weak interaction between NH4+ with water and molecular chains makes polySA-NH4+ electrolyte have high conductivity at room temperatures, whereas the strong interaction between Li+ with water and molecular chains makes polySA-Li+ electrolyte possess good anti-freezing properties and high mechanical strength. The polySA-Li+ hydrogel electrolyte can have a conductivity of 9.63 mS cm-1 at -35 degrees C. Supercapacitors assembled with polySA-Li+ offers high specific capacitance of 52.25 F g-1 at 25 degrees C and 47.75 F g-1 at -35 degrees C. The capacitance retention is 94.64 % after 10 days at -35 degrees C. Our work shows that different properties of hydrogel electrolytes can be achieved by regulating Hofmeister effect, which provides a new way to prepare high-performance energy storage materials.
[68] 霍夫迈斯特效应介导的凝胶电解质导电性用于高性能超级电容器电池与超级电容器，2024，7(11)。通过霍夫迈斯特效应调节凝胶电解质的性能引起了广泛关注。然而，关于阳离子对凝胶电解质导电性的霍夫迈斯特效应报道很少。在此，通过在 NH4Cl、NaCl 和 LiCl 存在下随机共聚两性离子单体，已制备出凝胶电解质（聚 SA）。NH4+与水和分子链之间的弱相互作用使得聚 SA-NH4+电解质在室温下具有高导电性，而 Li+与水和分子链之间的强相互作用使得聚 SA-Li+电解质具有良好的抗冻性能和较高的机械强度。聚 SA-Li+凝胶电解质在-35°C 时具有 9.63 mS cm-1 的导电性。由聚 SA-Li+组装的超级电容器在 25°C 时具有 52.25 F g-1 的高比电容，在-35°C 时具有 47.75 F g-1 的比电容。在-35°C 下放置 10 天后，电容保持率为 94.64%。 我们的研究显示，通过调节霍夫迈斯特效应，可以实现水凝胶电解质的不同性质，这为制备高性能储能材料提供了一种新方法。

[69] A Biocompatible, Highly Adhesive Zwitterionic Polymer Hydrogel with High Ionic Conductivity, Anti-Freezing and Moisturizing for Wearable Strain Sensor Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 490. Although wearable sensors based on polymer hydrogels have great progress, achieving biocompatibility, longterm stability, and being used in harsh environments for polymer hydrogels remains a significant challenge. In this work, a new simple tactic is proposed to prepare biocompatible zwitterionic polymer hydrogels (PDM) by copolymerization of dopamine acrylamide (DAA) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC). The synergistic effects of the Hofmeister and electrostatic interaction effect based on a series of inorganic salts on PDM hydrogels are studied. The PD3M7/4 M Zn(ClO 4 ) 2 hydrogel presents a high ionic conductivity of 13.58 S m -1 at 25 degrees C. The re -prepared hydrogel demonstrates outstanding anti -freezing properties, even at -45 degrees C, the hydrogel exhibits transparency and flexibility, and the ionic conductivity is up to 1.81 S m -1 . Moreover, the hydrogel has excellent adhesive strength (34.7 kPa), and anti -dehydration (94.4 % after 30 days). The freezedried PD3M7/4 M Zn(ClO 4 ) 2 gel can recover up to 89.5 % of the original water content after 96 h at 20 % RH and 25 degrees C. Importantly, the wearable strain sensor based on PD3M7/4 M Zn(ClO 4 ) 2 hydrogel shows high sensitivity (7.43 kPa -1 at 25 degrees C and 4.83 kPa -1 at -45 degrees C), ultra -low detection limit (30 Pa), outstanding cycle stability (10000 cycles), and quickly responds to human movement detection at 25 degrees C and -45 degrees C. This work provides an effective strategy to prepare the hydrogel which will be more appropriate to apply in wearable sensors and biological tissue engineering.
[69] 具有高离子导电性、抗冻和保湿性能的生物相容性两性离子聚合物水凝胶，用于可穿戴应变传感器，化学工程杂志，2024，490。尽管基于聚合物水凝胶的可穿戴传感器取得了重大进展，但实现生物相容性、长期稳定性和在恶劣环境中使用聚合物水凝胶仍然是一个重大挑战。在本研究中，提出了一种新的简单策略，通过多巴胺丙烯酰胺（DAA）和 2-甲酰氧乙基磷酸胆碱（MPC）的共聚来制备生物相容性两性离子聚合物水凝胶（PDM）。研究了基于一系列无机盐的 Hofmeister 和静电相互作用对 PDM 水凝胶的协同效应。PD3M7/4 M Zn(ClO4)2 水凝胶在 25°C 时表现出高离子导电性为 13.58 S m-1。重新制备的水凝胶表现出优异的抗冻性能，即使在-45°C 时，水凝胶也保持透明性和柔韧性，离子导电性高达 1.81 S m-1。此外，该水凝胶具有优异的粘附强度（34.7 kPa）和抗脱水性（30 天后为 94.4%）。 冻干 PD3M7/4 M Zn(ClO4)2 凝胶在 96 小时后，在 20%RH 和 25 摄氏度下可恢复至原始含水量 89.5%。重要的是，基于 PD3M7/4 M Zn(ClO4)2 水凝胶的穿戴式应变传感器表现出高灵敏度（25 摄氏度为 7.43 kPa-1，-45 摄氏度为 4.83 kPa-1），超低检测限（30 Pa），优异的循环稳定性（10000 次循环），并在 25 摄氏度和-45 摄氏度下快速响应人体运动检测。这项工作提供了一种有效制备水凝胶的策略，该水凝胶更适合应用于穿戴式传感器和生物组织工程。

[70] Robust, Efficient, and Recoverable Thermocells with Zwitterion-Boosted Hydrogel Electrolytes for Energy-Autonomous and Wearable Sensing Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 2024, 63(29): e202405357. The rapid growth of flexible quasi-solid-state thermocells (TECs) provides a fresh way forward for wearable electronics. However, their insufficient mechanical strength and power output still hinder their further applications. This work demonstrates a one-stone-two-birds strategy to synergistically enhance the mechanical and thermoelectrochemical properties of the [Fe(CN)6]3-/4--based TECs. By introducing Hofmeister effect and multiple non-covalent interactions via betaine zwitterions, the mechanical strength of the conventional brittle gelatin hydrogel electrolytes is substantially improved from 50 to 440 kPa, with a high stretchability approaching 250 %. Meanwhile, the betaine zwitterions strongly affect the solvation structure of [Fe(CN)6]3- ions, thus enlarging the entropy difference and raising the thermoelectrochemical Seebeck coefficient from 1.47 to 2.2 mV K-1. The resultant quasi-solid-state TECs exhibit a normalized output power density of 0.48 mW m-2 K-2, showing a notable improvement in overall performance compared to their counterparts without zwitterion regulation. The intrinsic thermo-reversible property also allows the TECs to repeatedly self-recover through sol-gel transformations, ensuring reliable energy output and even recycling of TECs in case of extreme mechanical damages. An energy-autonomous smart glove consisting of eighteen individual TECs is further designed, which can simultaneously monitor the temperature of different positions on any touched object, demonstrating high potential in wearable applications. A one-stone-two-birds strategy is employed to simultaneously enhance the mechanical properties and thermoelectrochemical performance of flexible quasi-solid-state thermocells (TECs). This is realized by introducing a zwitterion-boosted hydrogel electrolyte. The as-fabricated TECs exhibit substantially improved overall performance, with the capability to repeatedly recover from severe mechanical damages through sol-gel transformations, demonstrating high potential in energy-autonomous wearable applications. image
[70] 具有阳离子增强水凝胶电解质的鲁棒、高效和可恢复热电偶，用于能源自主和可穿戴传感《应用化学-国际版》，2024，63(29)：e202405357。柔性准固态热电偶（TECs）的快速增长为可穿戴电子设备提供了一种新的发展方向。然而，它们不足的机械强度和功率输出仍然阻碍了它们的进一步应用。这项工作展示了一种一石二鸟的策略，协同增强基于[Fe(CN)6]3-/4--的热电偶的机械和热电化学性能。通过引入胆碱阳离子和多种非共价相互作用，传统脆性明胶水凝胶电解质的机械强度从 50 kPa 显著提高到 440 kPa，具有高达 250 %的拉伸性。同时，胆碱阳离子强烈影响[Fe(CN)6]3-离子的溶剂化结构，从而增大熵差，将热电化学塞贝克系数从 1.47 mV K-1 提高到 2.2 mV K-1。 结果准固态热电偶（TECs）表现出 0.48 mW m-2 K-2 的标准化输出功率密度，与未进行两性离子调节的同类产品相比，整体性能显著提高。其固有的热可逆性质还允许 TECs 通过溶胶-凝胶转变反复自我恢复，确保可靠的能量输出，甚至在极端机械损伤的情况下实现 TECs 的回收。进一步设计了一种由十八个独立 TECs 组成的能量自主智能手套，能够同时监测任何触摸物体上不同位置的温度，显示出在可穿戴应用中的巨大潜力。采用一石二鸟的策略同时提高柔性准固态热电偶（TECs）的机械性能和热电化学性能。这是通过引入两性离子增强的水凝胶电解质实现的。所制备的 TECs 表现出显著提高的整体性能，能够通过溶胶-凝胶转变从严重机械损伤中反复恢复，显示出在能量自主可穿戴应用中的巨大潜力。图片

[71] Highly Stretchable, Low‐Hysteresis, and Adhesive Ta@Mxene‐Composited Organohydrogels for Durable Wearable Sensors Advanced Functional Materials, 2024, 34(30).
[71] 高拉伸性、低滞后性和粘附性 Ta@Mxene 复合有机水凝胶用于耐久可穿戴传感器 高性能材料，2024，34(30)。

[72] Fatigue-Resistant Mechanoresponsive Color-Changing Hydrogels for Vision-Based Tactile Robots Advanced Materials, 2024: e2407925. Mechanoresponsive color-changing materials that can reversibly and resiliently change color in response to mechanical deformation are highly desirable for diverse modern technologies in optics, sensors, and robots; however, such materials are rarely achieved. Here, a fatigue-resistant mechanoresponsive color-changing hydrogel (FMCH) is reported that exhibits reversible, resilient, and predictable color changes under mechanical stress. At its undeformed state, the FMCH remains dark under a circular polariscope; upon uniaxial stretching of up to six times its initial length, it gradually shifts its color from black, to gray, yellow, and purple. Unlike traditional mechanoresponsive color-changing materials, FMCH maintains its performance across various strain rates for up to 10 000 cycles. Moreover, FMCH demonstrates superior mechanical properties with fracture toughness of 3000 J m-2, stretchability of 6, and fatigue threshold up to 400 J m-2. These exceptional mechanical and optical features are attributed to FMCH's substantial molecular entanglements and desirable hygroscopic salts, which synergistically enhance its mechanical toughness while preserving its color-changing performance. One application of this FMCH as a tactile sensoris then demonstrated for vision-based tactile robots, enabling them to discern material stiffness, object shape, spatial location, and applied pressure by translating stress distribution on the contact surface into discernible images. Mechanoresponsive color-changing materials that can reversibly and resiliently change color in response to stress are highly desirable for diverse technologies in optics, sensors, and robots; however, such materials are rarely achieved. This work reports a fatigue-resistant mechanoresponsive color-changing hydrogel that exhibits reversible, resilient, and predictable color changes under mechanical stress, for tactile robots by translating tactile sensations into visual images. image
[72] 耐疲劳机械响应型变色水凝胶用于视觉触觉机器人，先进材料，2024：e2407925。能够对机械变形进行可逆和有弹性的颜色变化的机械响应型变色材料，对于光学、传感器和机器人等现代技术的多样化应用非常理想；然而，此类材料很少实现。在此，我们报道了一种耐疲劳机械响应型变色水凝胶（FMCH），在机械应力下表现出可逆、有弹性和可预测的颜色变化。在其未变形状态下，FMCH 在圆偏光显微镜下保持黑暗；在单轴拉伸至初始长度的六倍时，其颜色逐渐从黑色变为灰色、黄色和紫色。与传统机械响应型变色材料不同，FMCH 在各种应变率下保持其性能，可达 10 000 个循环。此外，FMCH 表现出优异的机械性能，具有 3000 J m-2 的断裂韧性、6 倍的拉伸性和高达 400 J m-2 的疲劳阈值。 这些卓越的机械和光学特性归因于 FMCH 的显著分子缠结和理想的吸湿盐，这些盐协同增强其机械韧性，同时保持其颜色变化性能。然后展示了这种 FMCH 作为触觉传感器在基于视觉的触觉机器人中的应用，使机器人能够通过将接触表面的应力分布转换为可识别的图像来辨别材料刚度、物体形状、空间位置和施加的压力。能够对压力可逆和有弹性地改变颜色的机械响应性颜色变化材料在光学、传感器和机器人等众多技术中非常受欢迎；然而，这样的材料很少实现。这项工作报告了一种耐疲劳的机械响应性颜色变化水凝胶，在机械应力下表现出可逆、有弹性和可预测的颜色变化，通过将触觉感觉转换为视觉图像，为触觉机器人提供支持。图像

[73] Bioinspired Multifunctional Self-Sensing Actuated Gradient Hydrogel for Soft-Hard Robot Remote Interaction Nano-Micro Letters, 2024, 16(1). The bioinspired self-sensing actuated gradient hydrogel was developed by a wettability-based method via precipitation of MoO2 nanosheets.Self-sensing actuated gradient hydrogel combined ultrafast thermo-responsive actuation (21 degrees s-1), exceptional photothermal efficiency (3.7 degrees C s-1) and high sensing properties (GF = 3.94).The first self-sensing remote interaction system based on gradient hydrogel actuators and robotic hands was constructed. The development of bioinspired gradient hydrogels with self-sensing actuated capabilities for remote interaction with soft-hard robots remains a challenging endeavor. Here, we propose a novel multifunctional self-sensing actuated gradient hydrogel that combines ultrafast actuation and high sensitivity for remote interaction with robotic hand. The gradient network structure, achieved through a wettability difference method involving the rapid precipitation of MoO2 nanosheets, introduces hydrophilic disparities between two sides within hydrogel. This distinctive approach bestows the hydrogel with ultrafast thermo-responsive actuation (21 degrees s-1) and enhanced photothermal efficiency (increase by 3.7 degrees C s-1 under 808 nm near-infrared). Moreover, the local cross-linking of sodium alginate with Ca2+ endows the hydrogel with programmable deformability and information display capabilities. Additionally, the hydrogel exhibits high sensitivity (gauge factor 3.94 within a wide strain range of 600%), fast response times (140 ms) and good cycling stability. Leveraging these exceptional properties, we incorporate the hydrogel into various soft actuators, including soft gripper, artificial iris, and bioinspired jellyfish, as well as wearable electronics capable of precise human motion and physiological signal detection. Furthermore, through the synergistic combination of remarkable actuation and sensitivity, we realize a self-sensing touch bioinspired tongue. Notably, by employing quantitative analysis of actuation-sensing, we realize remote interaction between soft-hard robot via the Internet of Things. The multifunctional self-sensing actuated gradient hydrogel presented in this study provides a new insight for advanced somatosensory materials, self-feedback intelligent soft robots and human-machine interactions.
[73] 受生物启发的多功能自感知驱动梯度水凝胶用于软硬机器人远程交互 纳米微流信函，2024，16(1)。基于润湿性的方法通过 MoO2 纳米片的沉淀开发了生物启发的自感知驱动梯度水凝胶。自感知驱动梯度水凝胶结合了超快热响应驱动（21 度/秒）、卓越的光热效率（3.7 度/秒）和高传感性能（GF = 3.94）。基于梯度水凝胶驱动器和机器人手的第一套自感知远程交互系统被构建。开发具有自感知驱动能力的生物启发性梯度水凝胶，以实现与软硬机器人的远程交互，仍然是一项具有挑战性的工作。在此，我们提出了一种新型多功能自感知驱动梯度水凝胶，该水凝胶结合了超快驱动和高灵敏度，用于与机器人手进行远程交互。通过涉及 MoO2 纳米片快速沉淀的润湿性差异方法实现的梯度网络结构，在凝胶两侧引入了亲水性差异。 这种独特的方法赋予水凝胶超快的热响应驱动能力（21 度/秒）和增强的光热效率（在 808 纳米近红外下增加 3.7 度/秒）。此外，海藻酸钠与 Ca2+的局部交联赋予水凝胶可编程变形和信息显示能力。此外，水凝胶表现出高灵敏度（在 600%宽应变范围内的量程因子为 3.94）、快速响应时间（140 毫秒）和良好的循环稳定性。利用这些卓越的特性，我们将水凝胶应用于各种软驱动器，包括软抓取器、人工虹膜、仿生水母以及能够精确检测人体运动和生理信号的穿戴式电子设备。此外，通过卓越的驱动能力和灵敏度的协同组合，我们实现了一种自感知触觉仿生舌。值得注意的是，通过驱动-感知的定量分析，我们通过物联网实现了软硬机器人的远程交互。 本研究提出的多功能自感知驱动梯度水凝胶为高级触觉材料、自反馈智能软体机器人和人机交互提供了新的见解。

[74] A Highly Aligned X-Shaped Hydrogel Fiber Via Cooperative Roles of Amorphous and Crystalline Network Mediated by Hofmeister Effect Polymer, 2024, 292.
[74] 通过霍夫迈斯特效应聚合物介导的无定形和晶体网络协同作用制备的高度取向的 X 型水凝胶纤维，2024，292。

[75] Recent Progress on Structural Coloration Photonics Insights, 2024, 3(2).
[75] 结构色光子学最新进展，2024，3(2)。

[76] Design Principles for Strong and Tough Hydrogels Nature Reviews Materials, 2024, 9(6): 380-398. Hydrogels are crosslinked polymer networks swollen with water. Owing to their soft and water-containing nature, hydrogels are promising materials for applications in many fields, such as biomedical engineering, soft robotics and environmental studies. One of the main obstacles to the practical application of hydrogels is their low mechanical strength and toughness. Since the 2000s, many breakthroughs in the development of mechanically strong and tough hydrogels have led to enormous advances in the study of soft materials and our understanding of their failure mechanisms. Research has also been conducted on long-term mechanical stability - that is, the cyclic fatigue resistance and self-strengthening properties of hydrogels - to enable their application as load-bearing materials. This Review provides a comprehensive overview of the design principles for tough hydrogels. Strategies to obtain self-growing and reinforced hydrogels that can adapt to their surrounding mechanical environment are also presented. Hydrogels are promising in various fields, but improving their mechanical properties is critical for certain applications. This Review comprehensively explores design principles to construct hydrogels with superior mechanical strength, toughness and fatigue resistance, and discusses self-growing and self-reinforced hydrogels.
[76] 强韧水凝胶的设计原则 自然材料评论，2024，9(6)：380-398。水凝胶是含有水分的交联聚合物网络。由于其柔软和含水性，水凝胶在许多领域的应用前景广阔，如生物医学工程、软体机器人和环境研究。水凝胶在实际应用中的一个主要障碍是它们的低机械强度和韧性。自 2000 年代以来，在开发机械强度和韧性水凝胶方面的许多突破导致了软材料研究的大幅进步以及我们对它们失效机制的深入理解。还进行了关于长期机械稳定性的研究——即水凝胶的循环疲劳抵抗和自增强性能——以使它们能够作为承重材料应用。本综述全面概述了强韧水凝胶的设计原则。还介绍了获得能够适应其周围机械环境的自生长和增强水凝胶的策略。 水凝胶在多个领域具有应用前景，但提高其力学性能对于某些应用至关重要。本综述全面探讨了构建具有优异力学强度、韧性和抗疲劳性的水凝胶的设计原则，并讨论了自生长和自增强水凝胶。

[77] Solvent-Induced Phase Separation and Hofmeister Effect Enhanced Strong, Tough, and Adhesive Polyion Complex Hydrogels Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 497. Polyion complex (PIC) hydrogels possess excellent strength and toughness due to the dynamic and synergetic energy dissipation mechanism associated with the co-existence of both strong and weak bonds, ionic and hydrogen, in their networks. On the other hand, PIC hydrogels usually exhibit poor wet adhesion properties. Furthermore, the role such dynamic energy dissipation mechanism plays in determining interfacial binding is unknown. To address these challenges, here, we report the fabrication of an adhesive PIC hydrogel, poly(sodium p-styrenesulfonate) (NaSS)/poly(acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (DAC)-co-2-vinyl-4,6-diamino1,3,5-triazine (VDT), i.e. PNaSS/P(DAC-co-VDT), by introducing a multi-hydrogen bonding capacity functional co-monomer, VDT, and solvent-induced gel phase separation into the fabrication process. The resulting hydrogel exhibited as high as 174 kPa adhesion strength, with retained high mechanical properties, typically 1.2 MPa tensile strength, 2.12 MPa Young's modulus, and 452% strain. The mechanical properties of PNaSS/P(DAC-coVDT) were tunable by adjusting the content of VDT and of the total monomer concentration in hydrogel precursor solutions (Cm), as well as by taking advantage of the Hofmeister effect. The dynamic modulus spectra of PNaSS/P(DAC-co-VDT) hydrogels at different Cm's in extended frequency windows with time-temperature superposition method (TTS) were acquired and analyzed to explore the influence of polymer entanglement on the hydrogel network structure. The microscopic structure-macroscopic mechanical property relationship of PNaSS/ P(DAC-co-VDT) hydrogels at different Cm's and immersed in different salt solutions was further studied using the Mooney-Rivlin equation and by fitting the tensile data to Creton's viscoelastic model. This study may provide new insights into designing and constructing strong and tough PIC hydrogel-based adhesives.
[77] 溶剂诱导相分离和霍夫迈斯特效应增强的强韧粘附型聚离子复合水凝胶 化学工程学报，2024，497。聚离子复合（PIC）水凝胶由于网络中强键和弱键、离子键和氢键共存的动态协同能量耗散机制，具有优异的强度和韧性。另一方面，PIC 水凝胶通常表现出较差的湿润粘附性能。此外，这种动态能量耗散机制在确定界面结合中的作用尚不清楚。为了解决这些挑战，在此，我们通过引入具有多氢键结合能力的功能共单体 VDT 和溶剂诱导凝胶相分离，报告了一种粘附型 PIC 水凝胶的制备，即聚（钠基对-苯乙烯磺酸盐）/聚（丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵（DAC）-共-2-乙烯基-4,6-二氨基 1,3,5-三嗪（VDT），即 PNaSS/P(DAC-co-VDT)。所得水凝胶表现出高达 174 kPa 的粘附强度，同时保持了高机械性能，通常具有 1.2 MPa 的拉伸强度、2.12 MPa 的杨氏模量和 452%的应变。 PNaSS/P(DAC-coVDT)的力学性能可通过调节 VDT 含量和凝胶前驱体溶液（Cm）中单体总浓度以及利用霍夫迈斯特效应进行调节。采用时间-温度叠加法（TTS）在扩展频率窗口内获得了不同 Cm 的 PNaSS/P(DAC-co-VDT)水凝胶的动态模量谱，并对其进行了分析，以探索聚合物缠结对水凝胶网络结构的影响。进一步使用 Mooney-Rivlin 方程以及将拉伸数据拟合到 Creton 的粘弹性模型，研究了不同 Cm 和浸泡在不同盐溶液中的 PNaSS/P(DAC-co-VDT)水凝胶的微观结构-宏观力学性能关系。本研究可能为设计和构建强韧的 PIC 水凝胶基粘合剂提供新的见解。

[78] Evaporative Self-Assembly in Colloidal Droplets: Emergence of Ordered Structures from Complex Fluids Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 2024, 333. Colloidal droplet evaporation is an intriguing and intricate phenomenon that has captured the interest of scientists across diverse disciplines, including physical chemistry, fluid dynamics, and soft matter science, over the past two decades. Despite being a non-equilibrium system with inherent challenges posed by coffee ring formation and Marangoni effects, which hinder the precise control of deposition patterns, evaporative self-assembly presents a convenient and cost-effective approach for generating arrays of well-ordered structures and functional patterns with wide-ranging applications in inkjet printing, photonic crystals, and biochemical assays. In the realm of printed electronics and photonics, effectively mitigating coffee rings while achieving uniformity and orderliness has emerged as a critical factor in realising the next generation of large-area, low-cost, flexible devices that are exceptionally sensitive and high-performance. This review highlights the evaporative self-assembly process in colloidal droplets with a focus on the intricate mechanical environment, self-assembly at diverse interfaces, and potential applications of these assembling ordered structures.
[78] 胶体液滴蒸发自组装：从复杂流体中涌现有序结构——胶体与界面科学进展，2024，333。胶体液滴蒸发是一种引人入胜且复杂的现象，在过去二十年里吸引了物理化学、流体动力学和软物质科学等多个学科领域科学家的兴趣。尽管它是一个非平衡系统，咖啡环形成和马兰戈尼效应等固有挑战阻碍了对沉积模式的精确控制，但蒸发自组装提供了一种方便且经济的途径，用于生成排列整齐的结构和功能图案，这些图案在喷墨打印、光子晶体和生物化学分析等领域具有广泛的应用。在印刷电子学和光子学领域，有效地减轻咖啡环效应，同时实现均匀性和有序性，已成为实现下一代大面积、低成本、高性能且灵敏度极高的柔性器件的关键因素。 本综述重点介绍了胶体液滴中的蒸发自组装过程，重点关注复杂的力学环境、不同界面的自组装以及这些有序结构的潜在应用。

[79] Load-Bearing Columns Inspired Fabrication of Ductile and Mechanically Enhanced Bsa Hydrogels International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2024, 261. Currently, protein -based hydrogels are widely applied in soft materials, tissue engineering and implantable scaffolds owing to their excellent biocompatibility, and degradability. However, most protein -based hydrogels are soft brittle. In this study, a ductile and mechanically enhanced bovine serum albumin (BSA) hydrogel is fabricated by soaking the a 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride/Nhydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) induced BSA hydrogel in (NH4)2SO4 solution. An EDC/NHS coupling reaction induce protein coupling reactions that cause the BSA skeleton to resemble architectural load -bearing walls, protecting the integrity of the hydrogel and preventing collapse. The effects of the BSA and (NH4)2SO4 concentrations on the hydrogel mechanics are evaluated, and the possible strengthening mechanism is discussed. Besides, the highly kosmotropic ions greatly enhance the hydrophobic interaction within BSA gels and dehydration effect and their mechanical properties were significantly enhanced. The various mechanical properties of hydrogels can be regulated over a large window by soaking hydrogels into various ions. And most of them can be washed away, maintaining high biocompatibility of the protein. Importantly, the protein hydrogels prepared by this strategy could also be modified as strain sensors. In a word, this work demonstrates a new, universal method to provide multi -functional, biocompatible, strength enhanced and regulable mechanical pure protein hydrogel, combining the Hofmeister effect with -NH2/-COOH association groups.
[79] 基于承载柱的韧性增强 BSA 水凝胶的制备 国际生物大分子杂志，2024，261。目前，基于蛋白质的水凝胶因其优异的生物相容性和可降解性，在软材料、组织工程和植入支架中得到广泛应用。然而，大多数基于蛋白质的水凝胶都是柔软而脆的。在本研究中，通过将 1-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-3-乙基脒基二亚胺盐酸盐/N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺（EDC/NHS）诱导的 BSA 水凝胶浸泡在(NH4)2SO4 溶液中，制备了一种韧性和机械增强的牛血清白蛋白（BSA）水凝胶。EDC/NHS 偶联反应诱导蛋白质偶联反应，使 BSA 骨架类似于建筑承载墙，保护水凝胶的完整性并防止其坍塌。评估了 BSA 和(NH4)2SO4 浓度对水凝胶力学性能的影响，并讨论了可能的强化机制。此外，高度亲水离子大大增强了 BSA 凝胶内的疏水相互作用和脱水效应，其机械性能显著提高。 水凝胶的各种机械性能可以通过将水凝胶浸泡在各种离子中来在很大范围内进行调节。其中大部分可以被洗去，保持蛋白质的高生物相容性。重要的是，通过这种方法制备的蛋白质水凝胶还可以作为应变传感器进行改性。总之，这项工作展示了一种新的、通用的方法，提供多功能、生物相容性高、强度增强且可调节的纯蛋白质水凝胶，结合了霍夫迈斯特效应与-NH2/-COOH 结合基团。

[80] Hypersensitive Meta-Crack Strain Sensor for Real-Time Biomedical Monitoring Science Advances, 2024, 10(51): eads9258. Real-time monitoring of infinitesimal deformations on complex morphologies is essential for precision biomechanical engineering. While flexible strain sensors facilitate real-time monitoring with shape-adaptive properties, their sensitivity is generally lower than spectroscopic imaging methods. Crack-based strain sensors achieve enhanced sensitivity with gauge factors (GFs) exceeding 30,000; however, such GFs are only attainable at large strains exceeding several percent and decline below 10 for strains under 10-3, rendering them inadequate for minute deformations. Here, we introduce hypersensitive and flexible "meta-crack" sensors detecting infinitesimal strains through previously undiscovered crack-opening mechanisms. These sensors achieve remarkable GFs surpassing 1000 at strains of 10-4 on substrates with a Poisson's ratio of -0.9. The crack orientation-independent gap-widening behavior elucidates the origin of hypersensitivity, corroborated by simplified models and finite element analysis. Additionally, parallel mechanical circuits of meta-cracks effectively address the trade-off between resolution and maximum sensing threshold. In vivo real-time monitoring of cerebrovascular dynamics with a strain resolution of 10-5 underscores the hypersensitivity and conformal adaptability of sensors.
[80] 超灵敏元裂纹应变传感器用于实时生物医学监测 科学进展，2024，10(51)：eads9258。对复杂形态上的微小变形进行实时监测对于精密生物力学工程至关重要。虽然柔性应变传感器具有形状自适应特性，便于实时监测，但它们的灵敏度通常低于光谱成像方法。基于裂纹的应变传感器通过测量因子（GFs）超过 30,000 实现增强灵敏度；然而，这种 GFs 仅在超过几个百分比的较大应变下才能获得，而在小于 10-3 的应变下会下降至 10 以下，这使得它们不适用于微小变形。在此，我们介绍了一种超灵敏和柔性的“元裂纹”传感器，通过先前未发现的裂纹开启机制检测微小应变。这些传感器在泊松比为-0.9 的基板上，在 10-4 的应变下实现了超过 1000 的 GFs。裂纹方向无关的缝隙扩大行为阐明了超灵敏的起源，并由简化的模型和有限元分析得到证实。 此外，元裂纹的并行机械电路有效地解决了分辨率与最大传感阈值之间的权衡。以 10^-5 的应变分辨率对脑血管动力学进行体内实时监测，突显了传感器的超灵敏性和形状适应性。

[81] Recent Advances in 1d Photonic Crystals: Diverse Morphologies and Distinctive Structural Colors for Multifaceted Applications Advanced Optical Materials, 2024, 12(19): 2400192-2400221. 1D photonic crystals (1DPCs) with hierarchically structured lamellar periodic frameworks that enable precise control of light-matter interactions and contribute robust structural colors represent a groundbreaking advancement in optical materials. The microstructural characteristics and the constituent material properties of these photonic materials play pivotal roles in determining their optical performance and functionality. In recent years, a diverse array of novel 1D photonic structures crafted from various materials emerged, showcasing their tremendous potential in advanced applications. This article provides an in-depth review of the recent developments in 1DPCs, emphasizing their morphological designs, fabrication strategies, and optical applications. In detail, 1DPCs featuring distinct geometrical morphologies, including lamellar, helical, fibrous, spherical, and nanochained structures are systematically introduced, highlighting the unique optical properties arising from their periodic microstructures. Then, various fabrication methods, involving some innovative techniques utilizing standing-wave optics, UV dual photopolymerization, and inkjet printing, are succinctly summarized for constructing different photonic structures by using diverse building materials. Subsequently, some typical application examples of 1D photonic materials are listed and discussed involving visual sensing, intelligent displays, anti-counterfeiting technology, photonic pigments, and optical devices. Finally, the passage addresses the current challenges and presents a forward-looking perspective on the future fabrication and application of 1DPCs. A review of the recent developments in 1D photonic crystals (1DPCs) with diverse morphologies and multifaced optical applications. This article focuses on their morphological designs, fabrication strategies, and advanced applications. It also discusses challenges and offers insights into the future of 1DPC fabrication and applications. image
[81] 一维光子晶体最新进展：多样化的形态和独特的结构颜色，用于多方面应用 高级光学材料，2024，12(19)：2400192-2400221。具有分层结构层状周期框架的一维光子晶体（1DPCs），能够精确控制光-物质相互作用并贡献稳健的结构颜色，代表了光学材料领域的一次突破性进展。这些光子材料的微观结构和组成材料性能在决定其光学性能和功能方面发挥着关键作用。近年来，各种新型一维光子结构从各种材料中涌现出来，展示了它们在先进应用中的巨大潜力。本文对 1DPCs 的最新发展进行了深入综述，强调了其形态设计、制造策略和光学应用。 详细介绍了具有不同几何形态的 1DPCs，包括板层状、螺旋状、纤维状、球形和纳米链状结构，并突出了其周期性微观结构产生的独特光学性质。随后，简要总结了构建不同光子结构所需的多种建筑材料，包括利用驻波光学、紫外双光聚合和喷墨打印等创新技术的各种制造方法。接着，列举并讨论了一些 1D 光子材料的典型应用实例，涉及视觉传感、智能显示、防伪技术、光子颜料和光学器件。最后，本段讨论了当前面临的挑战，并对 1DPCs 的未来制造和应用提出了前瞻性观点。本文回顾了具有多种形态和多功能光学应用的 1D 光子晶体（1DPCs）的最新发展。本文重点介绍了其形态设计、制造策略和高级应用。 它还讨论了挑战，并提供了关于 1DPC 制造及其应用的未来见解。图像

[82] Hydrogels for Active Photonics Microsystems & Nanoengineering, 2024, 10(1). Conventional photonic devices exhibit static optical properties that are design-dependent, including the material's refractive index and geometrical parameters. However, they still possess attractive optical responses for applications and are already exploited in devices across various fields. Hydrogel photonics has emerged as a promising solution in the field of active photonics by providing primarily deformable geometric parameters in response to external stimuli. Over the past few years, various studies have been undertaken to attain stimuli-responsive photonic devices with tunable optical properties. Herein, we focus on the recent advancements in hydrogel-based photonics and micro/nanofabrication techniques for hydrogels. In particular, fabrication techniques for hydrogel photonic devices are categorized into film growth, photolithography (PL), electron-beam lithography (EBL), and nanoimprint lithography (NIL). Furthermore, we provide insights into future directions and prospects for deformable hydrogel photonics, along with their potential practical applications.
[82] 活性光子微系统与纳米工程用水凝胶，2024，10(1)。传统光子器件表现出设计相关的静态光学特性，包括材料的折射率和几何参数。然而，它们仍然具有吸引人的光学响应，已在各个领域的设备中得到应用。水凝胶光子学通过对外部刺激提供主要可变形几何参数，已成为活性光子学领域的一种有希望的解决方案。在过去的几年里，进行了各种研究，以获得具有可调光学特性的刺激响应光子器件。在此，我们重点关注基于水凝胶的光子学和微/纳米加工技术的最新进展。特别是，水凝胶光子器件的制造技术分为薄膜生长、光刻（PL）、电子束光刻（EBL）和纳米压印光刻（NIL）。此外，我们还提供了关于可变形水凝胶光子学的未来方向和前景的见解，以及它们的潜在实际应用。

[83] Time-Salt Type Superposition and Salt Processing of Poly(Methacrylamide) Hydrogel Based on Hofmeister Series Macromolecules, 2024, 57(6): 2746-2755. Breakthrough to the extreme properties of polymer networks relies on new insights into their molecular dynamics. Time-salt concentration superposition has been discovered in polyelectrolyte coacervate systems, proving instrumental in tuning the mechanical performance of polyelectrolyte hydrogels. However, time-salt type superposition has never been mentioned in the existing literature. Herein, we reported that the mechanical properties of poly(methacrylamide) (PMAm) hydrogel can be systematically regulated in a vast range by treating with different salts, for example, Young's modulus can be tuned from 10(-2) to 10(3) MPa. The unusual behavior of salt-stiffening arises from the salt-enhanced phase separation of the polymer network and a subsequent glassy transition of the polymer-rich phase. Rheological results demonstrate that the dynamic behavior of the hydrogels can be superposed onto "time-salt type" master curves with the salt types aligning along the Hofmeister series. The time-salt type shift factor exhibits correlation with the mobility of water molecules as revealed by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A polymer-water-salt ternary interaction mechanism was proposed to elucidate the time-salt type equivalent behavior. Guided by the "time-salt type" superposition principle, a salt processing strategy was brought up to expand the property limits of the PMAm hydrogel. With simply switching the type of salt employed, the hydrogel could either be a stiff and wear-resistant material akin to glassy plastics or a soft and flowable gel utilizable for recycling.
[83] 基于霍夫迈斯特系列大分子的时间-盐类型叠加和聚（甲基丙烯酰胺）水凝胶的盐处理，2024，57(6)：2746-2755. 聚合物网络的极端性能的突破依赖于对其分子动力学的新的见解。在聚电解质共凝聚体系中发现了时间-盐浓度叠加，这在调节聚电解质水凝胶的机械性能方面发挥了重要作用。然而，时间-盐类型叠加在现有文献中从未被提及。在此，我们报道了通过不同盐处理，聚（甲基丙烯酰胺）（PMAm）水凝胶的机械性能可以在很大范围内系统地调节，例如，杨氏模量可以从 10(-2)到 10(3) MPa 进行调节。盐强化相分离和随后聚合物富集相的玻璃化转变导致了盐强化行为的异常。流变学结果表明，水凝胶的动态行为可以叠加到“时间-盐类型”主曲线上，盐类型沿着霍夫迈斯特系列排列。 时间-盐类型转换因子与水分子的迁移性呈相关性，这一相关性由低场核磁共振光谱学揭示。提出了一种聚合物-水-盐三元相互作用机制，以阐明时间-盐类型等效行为。在“时间-盐类型”叠加原理的指导下，提出了一种盐处理策略，以扩展 PMAm 水凝胶的性能极限。通过简单地切换所使用的盐的类型，水凝胶可以成为类似玻璃塑料的坚硬耐磨材料，或者成为可回收利用的柔软流动凝胶。

[84] Realization of Hydrogel Electrolytes with High Thermoelectric Properties: Utilization of the Hofmeister Effect ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2024, 16(50): 69519-69528. Ionic thermoelectric materials, renowned for their high Seebeck coefficients, are gaining prominence for their potential in harvesting low-grade waste heat. However, the theoretical underpinnings for enhancing the performance of these materials remain underexplored. In this study, the Hoffmeister effect was leveraged to augment the thermoelectric properties of hydrogel-based ionic thermoelectric materials. A series of PAAm-x Zn(CF3SO3)(2), PAAm-x ZnSO4, and PAAm-x Zn(ClO4)(2) hydrogels were synthesized, using polyacrylamide (PAAm) as the matrix and three distinct zinc salts with varying anion volumes to impart the Hoffmeister effect. Exceptionally, the most cost-effective ZnSO4 yielded the highest ionic Seebeck coefficient among the hydrogels, with PAAm-1 ZnSO4 achieving a remarkable value of -3.72 mV K-1. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we conducted an innovative analysis correlating the Seebeck coefficient with the zinc ion transfer number. Additionally, the hydrogel materials demonstrated outstanding mechanical properties, including high elongation at break (>1400% at its peak), exceptional resilience (virtually no hysteresis loops), and robust fatigue resistance (overlapping cyclic tensile curves). This work not only advances the understanding of ionic thermoelectric materials but also showcases the potential of hydrogels for practical waste heat recovery applications.
[84] 具有高热电性能的水凝胶电解质的实现：利用霍夫迈斯特效应 ACS 应用材料与界面，2024，16(50)：69519-69528。以高塞贝克系数著称的离子热电材料，因其回收低品位废热的潜力而日益受到重视。然而，增强这些材料性能的理论基础仍处于探索阶段。在本研究中，利用霍夫迈斯特效应来增强基于水凝胶的离子热电材料的电热性能。合成了系列 PAAm-x Zn(CF3SO3)(2)、PAAm-x ZnSO4 和 PAAm-x Zn(ClO4)(2)水凝胶，以聚丙烯酰胺（PAAm）为基质，并使用三种具有不同阴离子体积的锌盐来赋予霍夫迈斯特效应。特别地，成本效益最高的 ZnSO4 在所有水凝胶中产生了最高的离子塞贝克系数，PAAm-1 ZnSO4 达到了惊人的-3.72 mV K-1。为了阐明潜在机制，我们进行了一项创新分析，将塞贝克系数与锌离子转移数相关联。 此外，水凝胶材料表现出卓越的力学性能，包括断裂伸长率极高（峰值时超过 1400%），优异的回弹性能（几乎无滞后回线）和强大的抗疲劳性能（重叠的循环拉伸曲线）。这项工作不仅推进了对离子热电材料的理解，还展示了水凝胶在实际废热回收应用中的潜力。

[85] Biopolymer‐Based Gel Electrolytes for Advanced Zinc Ion Batteries: Progress and Perspectives Advanced Functional Materials, 2024, 35(12).
[85] 基于生物聚合物的高级锌离子电池凝胶电解质：进展与展望，《先进功能材料》，2024，35(12)。

[86] Advancement in Piezoelectric Nanogenerators for Acoustic Energy Harvesting Microsystems & Nanoengineering, 2024, 10(1): 197. The demand for sustainable energy sources to power small electronics like IoT devices has led to exploring innovative solutions like acoustic energy harvesting using piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs). Acoustic energy harvesting leverages ambient noise, converting it into electrical energy through the piezoelectric effect, where certain materials generate an electric charge in response to mechanical stress or vibrations. This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the advancements in PENG technology, emphasizing their role in acoustic energy harvesting. We begin by discussing the essential principles of piezoelectricity and the design considerations for nanogenerators to optimize energy capture from sound waves. The discussion includes a detailed examination of various piezoelectric materials, such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), lead zirconate titanate (PZT), and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires, which are known for their superior piezoelectric properties. A critical aspect of this review is the exploration of innovative structural designs and resonance devices that enhance the efficiency of PENGs. We delve into the mechanisms and benefits of using Helmholtz resonators, quarter-wavelength tubes, and cantilever beams, which are instrumental in amplifying acoustic signals and improving energy conversion rates. Each device's design parameters and operational principles are scrutinized to highlight their contributions to the field. The review addresses practical applications of PENGs in various domains. Environmental monitoring systems, wearable electronics, and medical devices stand to benefit significantly from the continuous and sustainable power supplied by PENGs. These applications can reduce reliance on batteries and minimize maintenance by harnessing ambient acoustic energy, leading to more efficient and longer-lasting operations. Despite the promising potential of PENGs, several challenges remain, including material degradation, efficiency limitations, and integrating these devices into existing technological frameworks. This paper discusses these obstacles in detail and proposes potential solutions to enhance the longevity and performance of PENG systems. Innovations in material science and engineering are crucial to overcoming these hurdles and realizing the full potential of acoustic energy harvesting.
[86] 声学能量收集用压电纳米发电机进展，《微纳工程》，2024，10(1): 197。对小型电子设备如物联网设备等供电的可持续能源需求，促使探索创新解决方案，如使用压电纳米发电机（PENGs）进行声学能量收集。声学能量收集利用环境噪声，通过压电效应将其转换为电能，某些材料在机械应力或振动下产生电荷。这篇综述论文对 PENG 技术的进展进行了全面分析，强调了其在声学能量收集中的作用。我们首先讨论了压电的基本原理和纳米发电机的设计考虑，以优化从声波中捕获能量。讨论包括对各种压电材料（如聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）、铅锆酸钛（PZT）和氧化锌（ZnO）纳米线）的详细审查，这些材料以其优异的压电性能而闻名。 本综述的关键在于探索创新的结构设计和共振装置，以提升 PENGs 的效率。我们深入研究了使用亥姆霍兹共振器、四分之一波长管和悬臂梁的机制和益处，这些装置对于放大声信号和提高能量转换率至关重要。每个装置的设计参数和操作原理都经过仔细审查，以突出其对领域的贡献。综述还讨论了 PENGs 在各个领域的实际应用。环境监测系统、可穿戴电子设备和医疗设备将从 PENGs 提供的持续和可持续的电源中受益匪浅。这些应用可以通过利用环境声能来减少对电池的依赖并最小化维护，从而实现更高效和更持久的运行。尽管 PENGs 具有有希望的潜力，但仍存在一些挑战，包括材料退化、效率限制以及将这些设备集成到现有技术框架中。 本文详细讨论了这些障碍，并提出了增强 PENG 系统寿命和性能的潜在解决方案。材料科学和工程领域的创新对于克服这些障碍和实现声能收集的充分潜力至关重要。

[87] A Universal Strategy for Decoupling Stiffness and Extensibility of Polymer Networks Science Advances, 2024, 10(48): eadq3080. Since the invention of polymer networks such as cross-linked natural rubber in the 19th century, it has been a dogma that stiffer networks are less stretchable. We report a universal strategy for decoupling the stiffness and extensibility of single-network elastomers. Instead of using linear polymers as network strands, we use foldable bottlebrush polymers, which feature a collapsed backbone grafted with many linear side chains. Upon elongation, the collapsed backbone unfolds to release stored length, enabling remarkable extensibility. By contrast, the network elastic modulus is inversely proportional to network strand mass and is determined by the side chains. We validate this concept by creating single-network elastomers with nearly constant Young's modulus (30 kilopascals) while increasing tensile breaking strain by 40-fold, from 20 to 800%. We show that this strategy applies to networks of different polymer species and topologies. Our discovery opens an avenue for developing polymeric materials with extraordinary mechanical properties.
[87] 聚合物网络刚度和延展性解耦的通用策略 科学通报，2024，10(48)：eadq3080。自从 19 世纪发明了交联天然橡胶等聚合物网络以来，一个教条就是更刚硬的网络延展性较差。我们报道了一种解耦单网络弹性体刚度和延展性的通用策略。我们不是使用线性聚合物作为网络链，而是使用可折叠的瓶刷聚合物，其特征是具有许多线性侧链的折叠主链。在拉伸时，折叠的主链展开以释放储存的长度，从而实现显著的延展性。相比之下，网络弹性模量与网络链质量成反比，并由侧链决定。我们通过创建具有几乎恒定杨氏模量（30 千帕）的单网络弹性体，同时将拉伸断裂应变提高 40 倍，从 20%增加到 800%，来验证这一概念。我们表明，这种策略适用于不同聚合物种类和拓扑结构的网络。我们的发现为开发具有非凡机械性能的聚合物材料开辟了一条途径。

[88] Smart Colloidal Photonic Crystal Sensors Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 2024, 324. Smart colloidal photonic crystals (PCs) with stimuli-responsive periodic micro/nano-structures, photonic bandgaps, and structural colors have shown unique advantages (high sensitivity, visual readout, wireless characteristics, etc.) in sensing by outputting diverse structural colors and reflection signals. In this review, smart PC sensors are summarized according to their fabrications, structures, sensing mechanisms, and applications. The fabrications of colloidal PCs are mainly by self-assembling the well-defined nanoparticles into the periodical structure (supersaturation-, polymerization-, evaporation-, shear-, interaction-, and field-induced self-assembly process). Their structures can be divided into two groups: closely packed and non-closely packed nano-structures. The sensing mechanisms can be explained by Bragg's law, including the change in the effective refractive index, lattice constant, and the order degree. The sensing applications are detailly introduced according to the analytes of the target, including solvents, vapors, humidity, mechanical force, temperature, electrical field, magnetic field, pH, ions/molecules, and so on. Finally, the corresponding challenges and the future potential prospects of artificial smart colloidal PCs in the sensing field are discussed.
[88] 智能胶体光子晶体传感器 胶体与界面科学进展，2024，324。具有刺激响应性周期性微/纳米结构的智能胶体光子晶体（PCs），具有光子带隙和结构色，在传感方面表现出独特的优势（高灵敏度、视觉读出、无线特性等），通过输出多种结构色和反射信号。在本综述中，根据其制备、结构、传感机制和应用，总结了智能 PC 传感器。胶体 PC 的制备主要通过将定义明确的纳米颗粒自组装成周期性结构（超饱和度、聚合、蒸发、剪切、相互作用和场诱导自组装过程）。其结构可分为两组：紧密堆积和非紧密堆积的纳米结构。传感机制可以通过布拉格定律解释，包括有效折射率、晶格常数和有序度的变化。 传感应用根据目标分析物详细介绍，包括溶剂、蒸汽、湿度、机械力、温度、电场、磁场、pH 值、离子/分子等。最后，讨论了人工智能胶体 PC 在传感领域的相应挑战和未来潜在前景。

[89] Multicolor Recordable and Erasable Photonic Crystals Based on on-Off Thermoswitchable Mechanochromism toward Inkless Rewritable Paper Nature Communications, 2024, 15(1). Mechanochromic photonic crystals are attractive due to their force-dependent structural colors; however, showing unrecordable color and unsatisfied performances, which significantly limits their development and expansion toward advanced applications. Here, a thermal-responsive mechanochromic photonic crystal with a multicolor recordability-erasability was fabricated by combining non-close-packing mechanochromic photonic crystals and phase-change materials. Multicolor recordability is realized by pressing thermal-responsive mechanochromic photonic crystals to obtain target colors over the phase-change temperature followed by fixing the target colors and deformed configuration at room temperature. The stable recorded color can be erased and reconfigured by simply heating and similar color-recording procedures respectively due to the thermoswitchable on-off mechanochromism of thermal-responsive mechanochromic photonic crystals along with solid-gel phase transition. These thermal-responsive mechanochromic photonic crystals are ideal rewritable papers for ink-freely achieving multicolor patterns with high resolution, difficult for conventional photonic papers. This work offers a perspective for designing color-recordable/erasable and other stimulus-switchable materials with advanced applications. Mechanochromic photonic crystals are extremely attractive due to their force-dependent structural colors yet are limited by unrecordable color and unsatisfactory performances. Here, the authors report a thermal-responsive mechanochromic photonic crystal with multicolor recordability-erasability.
[89] 基于开闭式热致变色光子晶体的多彩可记录和可擦除光子晶体：向无墨可重写纸张迈进，《自然·通讯》，2024，15(1)。机械变色光子晶体因其力依赖性结构颜色而具有吸引力；然而，由于无法记录颜色和性能不令人满意，这显著限制了它们向高级应用的发展与扩展。在此，通过结合非紧密堆积机械变色光子晶体和相变材料，制备了一种具有多彩可记录和可擦除功能的热响应性机械变色光子晶体。通过按压热响应性机械变色光子晶体以在相变温度下获得目标颜色，并在室温下固定目标颜色和变形配置，实现了多彩可记录性。由于热响应性机械变色光子晶体的热致变色开闭机制以及固-凝胶相变，稳定的记录颜色可以通过简单的加热和类似颜色记录程序分别擦除和重新配置。 这些热响应机械变色光子晶体是理想的可重写纸张，无需墨水即可实现高分辨率的多色图案，而传统的光子纸张难以实现。这项工作为设计可记录/擦除和其他刺激切换材料提供了视角，具有先进的应用。由于机械变色光子晶体的结构颜色依赖于力，因此极具吸引力，但受限于不可记录的颜色和不尽如人意的表现。在此，作者们报告了一种具有多色记录/擦除功能的热响应机械变色光子晶体。

[90] Self-Regulated Underwater Phototaxis of a Photoresponsive Hydrogel-Based Phototactic Vehicle Nature Nanotechnology, 2024, 19(1). An untethered phototactic soft machine composed of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel blended with graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles demonstrates underwater full-space artificial phototaxis and manoeuvres around obstacles in natural sunlight. Incorporating a negative feedback loop in a synthetic material to enable complex self-regulative behaviours akin to living organisms remains a design challenge. Here we show that a hydrogel-based vehicle can follow the directions of photonic illumination with directional regulation inside a constraint-free, fluidic space. By manipulating the customized photothermal nanoparticles and the microscale pores in the polymeric matrix, we achieved strong chemomechanical deformation of the soft material. The vehicle swiftly assumes an optimal pose and creates directional flow around itself, which it follows to achieve robust full-space phototaxis. In addition, this phototaxis enables a series of complex underwater locomotions. We demonstrate that this versatility is generated by the synergy of photothermofluidic interactions resulting in closed-loop self-control and fast reconfigurability. The untethered, electronics-free, ambient-powered hydrogel vehicle manoeuvres through obstacles agilely, following illumination cues of moderate intensities, similar to that of natural sunlight.
[90] 基于光响应水凝胶的光趋性软机器的自主水下光趋性 Nature Nanotechnology，2024，19(1)。由聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)水凝胶与氧化石墨烯和金纳米粒子混合制成的无缆光趋性软机器，在水下全空间实现人工光趋性，并在自然阳光下绕过障碍物。在合成材料中引入负反馈回路以实现类似于生物体的复杂自我调节行为，仍然是一个设计挑战。在这里，我们展示了一种基于水凝胶的车辆可以在无约束的流体空间内，根据光子照明的方向进行定向调节。通过操纵定制的光热纳米粒子和聚合物基质中的微尺度孔隙，我们实现了软材料的强化学机械变形。该车辆迅速采取最佳姿态，并在自身周围产生定向流动，随后跟随该流动实现稳健的全空间光趋性。此外，这种光趋性还使一系列复杂的水下运动成为可能。 我们证明了这种多功能性是由光热流体相互作用产生的协同效应，导致闭环自控制和快速重构。这种无需连接、无电子元件、环境供电的凝胶载体能够敏捷地通过障碍物，遵循中等强度的光照提示，类似于自然阳光。

[91] Milliampere Level Moisture Current Enabled by a Zwitterionic Nanocomposite Conductive Hydrogel Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 485. Hygroscopic salt composite hydrogels (HSCHs) offer a promising solution for combating global water scarcity by harvesting atmospheric water. Importantly, this is aided by an interior water gradient that facilitates ion transport, which opens up opportunities for power generation. The current and potential outputs are restricted by inadequate water collection and excessive cross-link density. Herein, a novel zwitterionic nanocomposite conductive hydrogel (ZNCH) is introduced to resist polyelectrolyte changes by leveraging the salt-in effect of cationic and anionic functional groups. The poly-[2-(methacryloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide-based ZNCH endows the HSCH with an enhanced swelling property together with an improved water storage capacity. The adsorption capacity of water reaches 3.0 g g-1 after 10 h of operation at 25 degrees C and 90% RH. More importantly, ZNCH replaces H bonds with Li bonds under the Hofmeister effect, resulting in the generation of a substantial number of free H+ ions. These endow the ZNCH with highly efficient power generation performance, associating with a short-circuit current of up to 945 mu A, a current density of 945 mu A cm-1, and an open-circuit voltage of 0.802 V. This work motivates the improvement of materials and devices that convert energy from atmospheric water.
[91] 由两性离子纳米复合导电水凝胶实现的毫安级湿度电流《化学工程杂志》，2024 年，第 485 期。吸湿盐复合水凝胶（HSCHs）通过收集大气水分，为应对全球水资源短缺提供了一种有希望的解决方案。重要的是，这得益于内部水分梯度，它促进了离子传输，从而为发电开辟了机会。电流和潜在输出受到不充分的水收集和过高的交联密度限制。在此，引入了一种新型的两性离子纳米复合导电水凝胶（ZNCH），通过利用阳离子和阴离子功能团的盐效应来抵抗聚电解质变化。基于聚-[2-(甲基丙烯氧基)乙基]二甲基-(3-磺丙基)铵羟化的 ZNCH 赋予 HSCH 增强的膨胀性能和改进的水储存能力。在 25°C 和 90%RH 下运行 10 小时后，水的吸附容量达到 3.0 g g-1。更重要的是，在霍夫迈斯特效应下，ZNCH 用 Li 键替换了 H 键，导致大量自由 H+离子的生成。 这些使 ZNCH 具有高度高效的发电性能，与高达 945 微安的短路电流、945 微安/厘米²的电流密度和 0.802 伏的开路电压相关。这项工作激励了从大气水中转换能量的材料和器件的改进。

[92] Design of Fatigue‐Resistant Hydrogels Advanced Functional Materials, 2024, 34(21).
[92]耐疲劳水凝胶的设计，先进功能材料，2024，34(21)。

[93] High-Strength Hemicellulose-Based Conductive Composite Hydrogels Reinforced by Hofmeister Effect BioResources, 2024, 19(4): 7708-7722. Hemicellulose is a renewable and environmentally friendly biomass polysaccharide. However, because of the low polymerization degree, conventional hemicellulose-based hydrogels often have poor mechanical properties, severely restricting their potential applications. This study involved preparation of a novel high-strength conductive hemicellulosebased composite hydrogel, modulated by a Na2SO4 solution. The hydrogel matrix with a physicochemical double cross-linking structure was created by adding polyvinyl alcohol to the chemically crosslinked networks of gelatin and dialdehyde xylan (DAX) to improve the enhancing effect. After being soaked in a 1 M Na2SO4 solution for 24 h, the composite hydrogel's network structure was thicker, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. Its tensile breaking strength (3.02 MPa) and elongation (330.95%) were much higher than those prior to the treatment. Energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction confirmed that the composite hydrogel had a considerable amount of Na+ and SO42- uniformly dispersed throughout. Additionally, the ionic conductivity of the composite hydrogel was measured at 5.4 x 10(-3 )Sim, indicating a potential use in the field of super-capacitors.
[93] 基于高强度半纤维素导电复合水凝胶，通过霍夫迈斯特效应增强——生物资源，2024，19(4)：7708-7722。半纤维素是一种可再生且环保的生物基多糖。然而，由于聚合度低，传统的半纤维素基水凝胶通常具有较差的机械性能，严重限制了其潜在应用。本研究涉及制备了一种新型高强度导电半纤维素复合水凝胶，通过 Na2SO4 溶液进行调节。通过向明胶和二醛木糖（DAX）的化学交联网络中添加聚乙烯醇，创建了一个具有物理化学双交联结构的水凝胶基质，以增强其增强效果。在 1 M Na2SO4 溶液中浸泡 24 小时后，复合水凝胶的网络结构变厚，扫描电子显微镜显示。其拉伸断裂强度（3.02 MPa）和延伸率（330.95%）比处理前高得多。 能量色散光谱和 X 射线衍射证实，复合水凝胶中均匀分散着相当数量的 Na+和 SO42-。此外，复合水凝胶的离子电导率测量值为 5.4 x 10(-3) S·m，表明其在超级电容器领域的潜在应用。

[94] High-Strength Fibrous Sensors with an Enhanced Aggregate State for Biomechanical Monitoring of the Achilles Tendon Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2024, 12(41): 10605-10615. Continuous monitoring of biomechanical signals generated from the injured Achilles tendon is essential for the deep understanding of the recovery or rehabilitation process, thus decreasing the risk of secondary injuries. With tissue-like components and adjustable properties, hydrogel-based biomechanical sensors are considered promising materials for human motion detection. However, existing hydrogels are characterized by inferior mechanical properties with strength and modulus typically lower than 1 MPa, as well as poor stability under physiological conditions, which hampers their applications in implantable devices. Moreover, acquiring the stress signal from collected electrical signals remains challenging. Herein, based on the regulation of polymer aggregation, a high-strength fibrous sensor composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for in vivo monitoring is prepared through a two-step procedure, including freeze-thaw and freeze-soak. Benefiting from the synergy of crystallization, Hofmeister effect and nanocomposite, the hydrogel fibers feature high tensile strength (8.34 +/- 0.66 MPa) and elastic modulus (1.15 +/- 0.10 MPa). Meanwhile, the removal of salt ions during fabrication improves the water content (69.18 +/- 1.47%) and anti-swelling performance of such fibers and minimizes side effects after implantation. It is demonstrated that the fibrous sensor could record the relative resistance changes upon stretching with ideal sensitivity (GF = 1.57) and convert them into bearing stress through formula derivation and calculations. In vitro and in vivo assays further confirm its feasibility for real-time monitoring of joint motion, providing important references for medical diagnosis and treatment. High-strength fibrous sensor can collect resistance signals from injured Achilles tendon and convert them into bearing stress with ideal accuracy, which would favor the assessment of tissue healing and pave the way for personalized treatment.
[94] 具有增强聚集状态的超高强度纤维传感器用于跟腱生物力学监测，《材料化学 B》期刊，2024，12(41)：10605-10615。对受伤跟腱产生的生物力学信号的持续监测对于深入了解恢复或康复过程至关重要，从而降低二次受伤的风险。具有类似组织成分和可调性能的基于水凝胶的生物力学传感器被认为是人体运动检测的有希望的材料。然而，现有的水凝胶具有较差的力学性能，强度和模量通常低于 1 MPa，以及在生理条件下的稳定性差，这阻碍了它们在植入式设备中的应用。此外，从收集到的电信号中获取应力信号仍然具有挑战性。在此，基于聚合物聚集的调控，通过冻融和冻浸两步程序制备了一种由聚乙烯醇（PVA）和还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）组成的高强度纤维传感器，用于体内监测。 利用结晶、霍夫迈斯特效应和纳米复合材料的协同作用，水凝胶纤维具有高抗拉强度（8.34 +/- 0.66 MPa）和弹性模量（1.15 +/- 0.10 MPa）。同时，在制造过程中去除盐离子提高了这种纤维的水分含量（69.18 +/- 1.47%）和抗肿胀性能，并最小化了植入后的副作用。研究表明，纤维传感器能够以理想的灵敏度（GF = 1.57）记录拉伸时的相对电阻变化，并通过公式推导和计算将它们转换为承受应力。体外和体内实验进一步证实了其在实时监测关节运动方面的可行性，为医疗诊断和治疗提供了重要参考。高强度纤维传感器可以收集受伤跟腱的电阻信号，并以理想的精度将它们转换为承受应力，这将有利于组织愈合的评估，并为个性化治疗铺平道路。

[95] Anionic Hofmeister Effect Regulated Conductivity in Polyelectrolyte Hydrogels for High-Performance Supercapacitor Small Methods, 2024, 8(12): e2400532. The Hofmeister effect not only affects the stability and solubility of protein colloids but also has specific effects on the polymer molecules. Here, the impact of the Hofmeister effect on the electrochemical properties of polyelectrolyte hydrogels at room temperature and subzero temperature studied for the first time. Polyelectrolyte hydrogels exhibit an anti-polyelectrolyte effect in low concentrations of ammonium salt, while they exhibit an obvious Hofmeister effect in high concentrations of ammonium salt. Kosmotropic ions demonstrate strong interaction with water molecules or polymer chains, resulting in the reduction of conductivity of polyelectrolyte hydrogels. However, chaotropic ions exhibit weak interactions with water molecules or molecular chains, leading to an increase in conductivity. The Hofmeister effect has a more significant effect on the polyzwitterion electrolyte. The conductivity of polyzwitterion hydrogel soaked in chaotropic ion is up to 6.2 mS cm-1 at -40 degrees C. The supercapacitor assembled by polyzwitterion electrolytes maintains a capacitance retention rate of 85% and approximate to 100% coulomb efficiency after 15 000 cycles at -40 degrees C. This study elucidates the influence of the Hofmeister effect on conductivity in polyelectrolytes and expands the regulatory approach for improving the performance of energy storage devices. The Hofmeister effect on the polyelectrolyte hydrogel is investigated. Chaotropic ions make the conductivity of polyelectrolyte hydrogel increase, while the effect of kosmotropic ions is opposite. The conductivity of polyzwitterion hydrogel soaked in chaotropic ion is up to 6.2 mS cm-1 at -40 degrees C. The supercapacitor maintains a capacitance retention rate of 85% after 15 000 cycles at -40 degrees C. image
[95] 阴离子霍夫迈斯特效应调节聚电解质水凝胶的电导率，用于高性能超级电容器，Small Methods，2024，8(12): e2400532。霍夫迈斯特效应不仅影响蛋白质胶体的稳定性和溶解度，还对聚合物分子具有特定影响。在这里，首次研究了霍夫迈斯特效应对室温及亚低温下聚电解质水凝胶电化学性质的影响。聚电解质水凝胶在低浓度铵盐中表现出抗聚电解质效应，而在高浓度铵盐中表现出明显的霍夫迈斯特效应。宇宙效应离子与水分子或聚合物链表现出强烈的相互作用，导致聚电解质水凝胶电导率的降低。然而，非宇宙效应离子与水分子或分子链的相互作用较弱，导致电导率增加。霍夫迈斯特效应对聚两性离子电解质的影响更为显著。在-40 摄氏度下，聚两性离子水凝胶浸泡在非宇宙效应离子中的电导率高达 6.2 mS cm-1。 由聚多阴离子电解质组装的超级电容器在-40 摄氏度下经过 15000 个循环后，电容保持率为 85%，库仑效率接近 100%。本研究阐明了霍夫迈斯特效应对聚电解质导电性的影响，并扩展了提高储能设备性能的调控方法。研究了霍夫迈斯特效应对聚电解质水凝胶的影响。 chaotropic ions 使聚电解质水凝胶的导电性增加，而 kosmotropic ions 的影响则相反。在-40 摄氏度下， chaotropic ion 浸泡的聚多阴离子水凝胶的导电性高达 6.2 mS cm-1。超级电容器在-40 摄氏度下经过 15000 个循环后，电容保持率为 85%。图片

[96] Bio‐Inspired Camouflage Skin with Photonic Crystal Structure and Size‐Confinement Effect Advanced Optical Materials, 2024, 12(11): 2302234-2302242.
[96] 基于光子晶体结构和尺寸限域效应的生物启发式伪装皮肤，Advanced Optical Materials，2024，12(11)：2302234-2302242。

[97] Methods of Changing Low Molecular Weight Gel Properties through Gelation Kinetics Soft Matter, 2024, 20(19): 3887-3896. Low molecular weight gels continue to attract notable interest, with many potential applications. However, there are still significant gaps in our understanding of these systems and the correlation between the pre-gel and final gel states. The kinetics of the gelation process plays a crucial role in the bulk properties of the hydrogel and presents an opportunity to fine-tune these systems to meet the requirements of the chosen application. Therefore, it is possible to use a single gelator for multiple applications. This review discusses four ways to modify the pre-gelled structures before triggering gelation. Such modifications can enhance the material's intended performance, which may result in significant advancements in high-tech areas, such as drug delivery, cell culturing, electronics, and tissue engineering. The kinetics of gel formation are known to influence the gel properties, however the structures present before gelation are often not discussed or explored. We explore different methods of changing or pre-processing these structures before gelation to change the properties of the final gel.
[97] 通过凝胶动力学改变低分子量凝胶性质的方法 软物质，2024，20(19)：3887-3896。低分子量凝胶持续吸引广泛关注，具有许多潜在应用。然而，我们对这些系统以及预凝胶状态和最终凝胶状态之间关联的理解仍存在重大差距。凝胶过程的动力学在水凝胶的宏观性质中起着关键作用，并提供了调整这些系统以满足所选应用要求的机会。因此，可以使用单一凝胶剂进行多种应用。本综述讨论了在触发凝胶化之前修改预凝胶结构的四种方法。这些修改可以增强材料的预期性能，这可能导致在药物输送、细胞培养、电子和器官工程等高科技领域取得重大进步。凝胶形成的动力学已知会影响凝胶性质，然而，凝胶化前的结构通常未讨论或探索。 我们探讨了在凝胶化之前改变或预处理这些结构的不同方法，以改变最终凝胶的性质。

[98] Design of a High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cell Based on Photonic Crystal in the Absorption Layer Optical and Quantum Electronics, 2024, 56(3): 386-402. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained a lot of attention due to their high power conversion efficiency (PCE), low-cost materials, and simple manufacturing process. These cells can be improved further by using photonic crystals (PCs) which can increase light absorption. A PC-based perovskite solar cell was designed and simulated in this study using FDTD and CHARGE solvers of the Lumerical software, and its components showed better values compared to other solar cell structures. The study investigated the effect of a two-dimensional PC structure on the solar cell's light absorption. The materials used as photonic crystals were perovskite/rutile TiO2 and perovskite/InAs, and various radii and lattice constants were examined. A comparison between each type of PC with the flat structure was conducted. The simulation results indicate that the most efficient structure was found to be the perovskite/InAs structure with a radius of 40 nm and a lattice constant of 200 nm, resulting in an improvement in the performance of the perovskite solar cell. The flat solar cell structure exhibited a short-circuit current of 24.01 mA/cm2 and an efficiency of 17.34%. However, by adding a rutile TiO2 photonic crystal structure, the short circuit current and efficiency increased to 27.12 mA/cm2 and 19.94%, respectively. The efficiency and short circuit current could be further improved by adding an InAs photonic crystal structure, resulting in values of 20.97% and 28.03 mA/cm2, respectively. The improved performance of PC-based perovskite solar cells compared to PSC was due to the slow photon effect that occurred around the photonic bandgap, causing light to be trapped, and resulting in more electron-hole pairs being produced. In summary, this study demonstrates the potential to improve the performance of perovskite solar cells by utilizing photonic crystals.
[98] 基于吸收层光子晶体的高效钙钛矿太阳能电池设计，《光学和量子电子学》，2024，56(3)：386-402。钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）因其高功率转换效率（PCE）、低成本材料和简单的制造工艺而受到广泛关注。通过使用可以提高光吸收的光子晶体（PCs），这些电池的性能可以进一步得到提升。本研究使用 Lumerical 软件的 FDTD 和 CHARGE 求解器设计并模拟了一种基于 PC 的钙钛矿太阳能电池，其组件的性能优于其他太阳能电池结构。该研究调查了二维 PC 结构对太阳能电池光吸收的影响。用作光子晶体的材料是钙钛矿/锐钛矿 TiO2 和钙钛矿/InAs，并考察了各种半径和晶格常数。对每种类型的 PC 与平面结构进行了比较。 模拟结果表明，最有效的结构是具有 40 nm 半径和 200 nm 晶格常数的钙钛矿/InAs 结构，从而提高了钙钛矿太阳能电池的性能。平面太阳能电池结构表现出 24.01 mA/cm2 的短路电流和 17.34%的效率。然而，通过添加金红石 TiO2 光子晶体结构，短路电流和效率分别增加到 27.12 mA/cm2 和 19.94%。通过添加 InAs 光子晶体结构，效率和短路电流分别进一步提高到 20.97%和 28.03 mA/cm2。与 PSC 相比，基于 PC 的钙钛矿太阳能电池性能的提高归因于光子带隙周围的慢光子效应，导致光被捕获，从而产生更多的电子-空穴对。总之，这项研究证明了利用光子晶体提高钙钛矿太阳能电池性能的潜力。

[99] Anionic Species from Multivalent Metal Salts Are Differentially Retained During Aqueous Ionic Gelation of Sodium Alginate and Could Fine-Tune the Hydrogel Properties International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2024, 265(Pt 1): 130767. The role of anionic counterions of divalent metal salts in alginate gelation and hydrogel properties has been thoroughly investigated. Three anions were selected from the Hofmeister series, namely sulphate, acetate and chloride, paired in all permutations and combinations with divalent metal cations like calcium, zinc and copper. Spectroscopic analysis revealed the presence of anions and their interaction with the respective metal cations in the hydrogel. The data showed that the gelation time and other hydrogel properties were largely controlled by cations. However, subtle yet significant variations in viscoelasticity, water uptake, drug release and cytocompatibility properties were anion dependent in each cationic group. Computational modelling based study showed that metal-anion-alginate configurations were energetically more stable than the metal-alginate models. The in vitro and in silico studies concluded that acetate anions preceded chlorides in the drug release, swelling and cytocompatibility fronts, followed by sulphate anions in each cationic group. Overall, the data confirmed that anions are an integral part of the metal-alginate complex. Furthermore, anions offer a novel option to further fine-tune the properties of alginate hydrogels for myriads of applications. In addition, full exploration of this novel avenue would enhance the usability of alginate polymers in the pharmaceutical, environmental, biomedical and food industries.
[99] 在海藻酸钠水溶液凝胶化过程中，多价金属盐的阴离子物种差异性地保留，可精细调节水凝胶性能。国际生物大分子杂志，2024，265（第 1 部分）：130767。已对二价金属盐的阴离子在藻酸盐凝胶化和水凝胶性能中的作用进行了彻底研究。从霍夫迈斯特系列中选择了三种阴离子，即硫酸盐、醋酸盐和氯酸盐，与钙、锌和铜等二价金属阳离子进行所有排列组合。光谱分析揭示了阴离子的存在及其与相应金属阳离子的相互作用。数据显示，凝胶化时间和其他水凝胶性能在很大程度上受阳离子控制。然而，在各个阳离子组中，粘弹性、吸水率、药物释放和细胞相容性等性能的微妙但显著变化取决于阴离子。基于计算模型的研究表明，金属-阴离子-藻酸盐构型比金属-藻酸盐模型在能量上更稳定。 体外和计算机模拟研究表明，在药物释放、膨胀和细胞相容性前沿，乙酸根离子先于氯化物离子，随后是每个阳离子组中的硫酸根离子。总体而言，数据证实阴离子是金属-藻酸盐复合物的一个组成部分。此外，阴离子为进一步微调藻酸盐水凝胶的多种应用提供了新的选择。此外，充分探索这一新途径将提高藻酸盐聚合物在制药、环境、生物医学和食品工业中的应用性。

[100] Displacement-Pressure Biparametrically Regulated Softness Sensory System for Intraocular Pressure Monitoring National Science Review, 2024, 11(6). High intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the high-risk pathogenic factors of glaucoma. Existing methods of IOP measurement are based on the direct interaction with the cornea. Commercial ophthalmic tonometers based on snapshot measurements are expensive, bulky, and their operation requires trained personnel. Theranostic contact lenses are easy to use, but they may block vision and cause infection. Here, we report a sensory system for IOP assessment that uses a soft indentor with two asymmetrically deployed iontronic flexible pressure sensors to interact with the eyelid-eyeball in an eye-closed situation. Inspired by human fingertip assessment of softness, the sensory system extracts displacement-pressure information for soft evaluation, achieving high accuracy IOP monitoring (>96%). We further design and custom-make a portable and wearable ophthalmic tonometer based on the sensory system and demonstrate its high efficacy in IOP screening. This sensory system paves a way towards cost-effective, robust, and reliable IOP monitoring.
[100] 双参数调节软度感测系统用于眼内压监测 国家科学评论，2024，11(6)。高眼内压（IOP）是青光眼的高风险致病因素之一。现有的眼内压测量方法基于与角膜的直接相互作用。基于快照测量的商用眼科眼压计价格昂贵、体积庞大，且操作需要受过培训的人员。治疗诊断型隐形眼镜易于使用，但可能会阻挡视线并引起感染。在此，我们报道了一种用于眼内压评估的感测系统，该系统使用一个带有两个不对称部署的离子电子柔性压力传感器的软压痕器，在闭眼情况下与眼睑-眼球相互作用。受人类指尖对软度的评估启发，该感测系统提取位移-压力信息进行软度评估，实现了高精度眼内压监测（>96%）。我们进一步设计和定制了一种基于感测系统的便携式和可穿戴眼科眼压计，并证明了其在眼内压筛查中的高效性。该感测系统为低成本、稳健和可靠的眼内压监测开辟了道路。

[101] Mxene/Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanosheet Scaffold Electrode toward High-Performance Solid-State Zinc Ion Supercapacitor Small, 2024, 20(42): e2404011. While MXene is widely used as an electrode material for supercapacitor, the intrinsic limitation of stacking caused by the interlayer van der Waals forces has yet to be overcome. In this work, a strategy is proposed to fabricate a composite scaffold electrode (MCN) by intercalating MXene with highly nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets (CN). The 2D structured CN, thermally converted and pickling from Zn-hexamine (Zn-HMT), serves as a spacer that effectively prevents the stacking of MXene and contributes to a hierarchically scaffolded structure, which is conducive to ion movement; meanwhile, the high nitrogen-doping of CN tunes the electronic structure of MCN to facilitate charge transfer and providing additional pseudocapacitance. As a result, the MCN50 composite electrode achieves a high specific capacitance of 418.4 F g-1 at 1 A g-1. The assembled symmetric supercapacitor delivers a corresponding power density of 1658.9 W kg-1 and an energy density of 30.8 Wh kg-1. The all-solid-state zinc ion supercapacitor demonstrates a superior energy density of 68.4 Wh kg-1 and a power density of 403.5 W kg-1 and shows a high capacitance retention of 93% after 8000 charge-discharge cycles. This study sheds a new light on the design and development of novel MXene-based composite electrodes for high performance all-solid-state zinc ion supercapacitor. A composite scaffold electrode (MCN) is prepared to prevent the stacking of MXene using highly nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets (CN) as the intercalating agent. The CN contributes to a hierarchically scaffolded structure that is conducive to ion movement; meanwhile, the high nitrogen-doping of CN tunes the electronic structure of MCN electrodes, facilitating charge transfer and providing additional pseudocapacitance. image
[101] Mxene/氮掺杂碳纳米片支架电极用于高性能固态锌离子超级电容器 小型，2024，20(42)：e2404011。虽然 MXene 被广泛用作超级电容器的电极材料，但由层间范德华力引起的堆叠内在限制尚未克服。在这项工作中，提出了一种通过将 MXene 与高氮掺杂碳纳米片（CN）插层来制备复合支架电极（MCN）的策略。由 Zn-己胺（Zn-HMT）热转化和酸洗得到的二维结构 CN，作为间隔层，有效地防止了 MXene 的堆叠，并有助于形成分级支架结构，有利于离子移动；同时，CN 的高氮掺杂调节了 MCN 的电子结构，促进了电荷转移并提供额外的赝电容。因此，MCN50 复合电极在 1 A g-1 下实现了 418.4 F g-1 的高比电容。组装的对称超级电容器提供了相应的功率密度为 1658.9 W kg-1 和能量密度为 30.8 Wh kg-1。 全固态锌离子超级电容器展现出优异的能量密度 68.4 Wh kg-1 和功率密度 403.5 W kg-1，在 8000 次充放电循环后仍保持 93%的高电容保持率。本研究为新型 MXene 基复合电极的设计与开发提供了新的思路，以实现高性能全固态锌离子超级电容器。通过使用高度氮掺杂的碳纳米片（CN）作为插层剂，制备了复合支架电极（MCN），以防止 MXene 的堆叠。CN 有助于形成有利于离子运动的分级支架结构；同时，CN 的高氮掺杂调节了 MCN 电极的电子结构，促进了电荷转移，并提供了额外的赝电容。图片

[102] Hofmeister Ions‐Induced Thinning of Gelatin to Enhance 3d Printing Precision Advanced Materials Technologies, 2024, 9(23).
[102] Hofmeister 离子诱导明胶变薄以增强 3D 打印精度，《先进材料技术》，2024，9(23)。

[103] Fatigue Behaviors of Anisotropic Hydrogels with a Macroscopic Lamellar Bilayer Structure and Swelling Effects Macromolecules, 2024, 57(23): 10948-10963. The application of soft materials for long-term use requires a profound understanding of their fatigue mechanisms and structural evolution under cyclic loading conditions. In this work, we studied the fatigue resistance behaviors of an anisotropic hydrogel composite consisting of periodically stacked, polymerized bilayers embedded in an elastic hydrogel matrix. The hydrogel composite exhibits high toughness and self-resilience under monotonic loading due to efficient energy dissipation from the lamellar bilayers, which act as reversible sacrificial bonds. We found that at a loading rate similar to the monotonic loading test, bilayers only modestly enhance the fatigue threshold itself but significantly suppress the fatigue crack extension rate above the fatigue threshold. Specifically, the fatigue crack extension length per cycle is only 1/10,000 that of the pristine elastic hydrogel. This enhancement in fatigue fracture resistance is only modestly reduced in the fully swollen sample.
[103] 具有宏观层状双层结构和膨胀效应的各向异性水凝胶的疲劳行为 大分子，2024，57(23)：10948-10963。长期使用软材料需要对其在循环加载条件下的疲劳机制和结构演变有深刻的理解。在本研究中，我们研究了由周期性堆叠、聚合的双层嵌入弹性水凝胶基体中的各向异性水凝胶复合材料的疲劳抗力行为。由于层状双层有效地耗散能量，作为可逆的牺牲键，水凝胶复合材料在单调加载下表现出高韧性和自恢复性。我们发现，在类似于单调加载测试的加载速率下，双层仅适度提高疲劳阈值本身，但显著抑制了疲劳裂纹扩展速率。具体来说，每循环的疲劳裂纹扩展长度仅为原始弹性水凝胶的 1/10000。这种疲劳断裂抗力的增强在完全膨胀的样品中仅略有降低。

[104] Specific Ion Effects in Hydrogels Molecules, 2024, 29(24). Specific ion effects on the structure and function of many biological macromolecules, their associations, colloidal systems, interfacial phenomena, and even "simple" electrolytes solutions are ubiquitous. The molecular origin of such phenomena is discussed either as a salt-induced change of the water structure (the hydrogen bond network) or some specific (solvent mediated) interactions of one or both of the ions of the electrolyte with the investigated co-solute (macromolecules or colloidal particles). The case of hydrogels is of high interest but is only marginally explored with respect to other physico-chemical systems because they are formed through the interactions of gelling agents in the presence of water and the added electrolyte. In addition, hydrogels in a physiological environment, in which they are used for biomedical applications, may be subjected to fluctuations in their ionic environment. In this review, specific ion effects on the properties of hydrogels (made from macromolecules or small-molecular-weight gelators) are reviewed and discussed. In particular, the importance of specific ion binding to the molecules constituting the gel network versus the effect of the same ions on the structure of water is discussed.
[104] 水凝胶分子中的特定离子效应，2024，29(24)。特定离子对许多生物大分子、它们的关联、胶体系统、界面现象以及甚至“简单”电解质溶液的结构和功能的影响普遍存在。这种现象的分子起源被讨论为盐引起的结构变化（氢键网络）或电解质中一个或两个离子与被研究的共溶剂（大分子或胶体粒子）之间的某些特定（溶剂介导）相互作用。水凝胶的情况非常有趣，但与其他物理化学系统相比，研究仅限于边缘，因为它们是在水和添加的电解质存在下通过凝胶剂相互作用形成的。此外，在生理环境中，水凝胶（用于生物医学应用）可能受到其离子环境的波动。在这篇综述中，讨论了特定离子对水凝胶（由大分子或小分子量凝胶剂制成）性质的影响。 尤其是讨论了特定离子与构成凝胶网络的分子结合的重要性，与相同离子对水结构的影响。

[105] 闭孔率及密度对聚氨酯弹性体泡沫力学性能及吸能性的影响 高分子材料科学与工程, 2023, 39(12): 35-44. 聚氨酯弹性体泡沫同时具备泡沫类及弹性体类材料性能，可作为高效的减振吸能材料应用于防撞击装备领域。文中制备了不同闭孔率及密度的聚氨酯弹性体泡沫，通过红外光谱分析、扫描电镜及应变率为1000～4000 s~(-1)的压缩性能测试等，探索了材料密度、泡孔结构、应变率对应力-应变曲线及吸能性的影响。发现聚氨酯弹性体泡沫的应力及单位体积吸能量随着密度、应变率及闭孔率的增加而增加。通过研究任意给定加载速率条件下闭孔率高的聚氨酯弹性体泡沫的能量吸收图，描述了不同密度材料在压缩冲击载荷下的特性，表明了在给定的加载条件下最优吸能聚氨酯弹性体泡沫密度为400 kg/m~3。其研究对于深入理解不同微观结构及密度的聚氨酯弹性体泡沫的吸能机理及应变率依赖性行为有重要意义，对聚氨酯弹性体泡沫作为优越的抗冲击吸能材料的实际工程应用提供了理论支持。
[105] 闭孔率及密度对聚氨酯弹性体泡沫力学性能及吸能性的影响，高分子材料科学与工程，2023，39(12)：35-44。聚氨酯弹性体泡沫同时具备泡沫类及弹性体类材料性能，可作为高效的减振吸能材料应用于防撞击装备领域。文中制备了不同闭孔率及密度的聚氨酯弹性体泡沫，通过红外光谱分析、扫描电镜及应变率为 1000～4000 s~(-1)的压缩性能测试等，探索了材料密度、泡孔结构、应变率对应力-应变曲线及吸能性的影响。发现聚氨酯弹性体泡沫的应力及单位体积吸能量随着密度、应变率及闭孔率的增加而增加。通过研究任意给定加载速率条件下闭孔率高的聚氨酯弹性体泡沫的能量吸收图，描述了不同密度材料在压缩冲击载荷下的特性，表明了在给定的加载条件下最优吸能聚氨酯弹性体泡沫密度为 400 kg/m~3。其研究对于深入理解不同微观结构及密度的聚氨酯弹性体泡沫的吸能机理及应变率依赖性行为有重要意义，对聚氨酯弹性体泡沫作为优越的抗冲击吸能材料的实际工程应用提供了理论支持。

[106] 离子特异性效应调控的功能水凝胶 离子交换与吸附, 2023, 39(03): 216-227. 离子特异性效应又称Hofmeister效应，是指不同离子对生物大分子或聚合物分子的溶解能力产生不同影响的现象，这对指导开发多功能聚合物材料具有重要意义。本文主要以离子与水之间、离子与大分子溶质之间的相互作用为出发点介绍了离子特异性效应的基本产生机制，介绍了离子特异性效应调控水凝胶力学、抗冻、刺激响应性等性能的研究进展，分析了离子对水凝胶性能进行调控的原理，总结了离子特异性效应在水凝胶实际应用中发挥的作用。本文将为功能水凝胶的设计和制备提供指导。
[106] 离子特异性效应调控的功能水凝胶离子交换与吸附，2023，39(03)：216-227。离子特异性效应又称 Hofmeister 效应，是指不同离子对生物大分子或聚合物分子的溶解能力产生不同影响的现象，这对指导开发多功能聚合物材料具有重要意义。本文主要以离子与水之间、离子与大分子溶质之间的相互作用为出发点介绍了离子特异性效应的基本产生机制，介绍了离子特异性效应调控水凝胶力学、抗冻、刺激响应性等性能的研究进展，分析了离子对水凝胶性能进行调控的原理，总结了离子特异性效应在水凝胶实际应用中发挥的作用。本文将为功能水凝胶的设计和制备提供指导。

[107] Zou B, Zhang L, Xue X, et al. A Review on the Fault and Defect Diagnosis of Lithium-Ion Battery for Electric Vehicles. Energies, 2023. [108] Pathways toward Wearable and High-Performance Sensors Based on Hydrogels: Toughening Networks and Conductive Networks National Science Review, 2023, 10(9). Wearable hydrogel sensors provide a user-friendly option for wearable electronics and align well with the existing manufacturing strategy for connecting and communicating with large numbers of Internet of Things devices. This is attributed to their components and structures, which exhibit exceptional adaptability, scalability, bio-compatibility, and self-healing properties, reminiscent of human skin. This review focuses on the recent research on principal structural elements of wearable hydrogels: toughening networks and conductive networks, highlighting the strategies for enhancing mechanical and electrical properties. Wearable hydrogel sensors are categorized for a comprehensive exploration of their composition, mechanism, and design approach. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of wearable hydrogels and offers guidance for the design of components and structures in order to develop high-performance wearable hydrogel sensors.
[107] 周波，张磊，薛晓，等. 电动汽车用锂离子电池故障与缺陷诊断综述. 能源，2023. [108] 基于水凝胶的穿戴式高性能传感器途径：增强网络和导电网络. 国家科学评论，2023，10(9). 穿戴式水凝胶传感器为可穿戴电子设备提供了一种用户友好的选择，并与现有的大量物联网设备连接和通信的制造策略相吻合。这归因于它们的成分和结构，表现出卓越的适应性、可扩展性、生物相容性和自修复特性，类似于人类皮肤。本综述重点介绍了穿戴式水凝胶的主要结构元素：增强网络和导电网络的研究进展，突出了增强机械和电学性能的策略。穿戴式水凝胶传感器被分类，以全面探索其组成、机制和设计方法。 本综述全面介绍了可穿戴水凝胶，并为设计组件和结构以开发高性能可穿戴水凝胶传感器提供了指导。

[109] Co-Ion Specific Effect Aided Phase Separation in Polyelectrolyte Hydrogels toward Extreme Strengthening and Toughening Macromolecules, 2023, 56(15): 5881-5890. Polyelectrolyte (PE) hydrogels are ubiquitous in nature.Tailoringthe interactions between PE gels and salt provides versatile implementsto overcome their critical drawbacks such as weak and brittle nature.Adding salts to PE gels introduces both counterions and co-ions, andthe variations of PE chain conformations and their macroscopic propertieshave been mainly attributed to the interplay between PE charged groupsand their counterions, yet the role of co-ions is generally ignored.This work demonstrates that by changing co-ion species with largeratomic sizes, monovalent haloids are capable of triggering the phaseseparation of common poly(acrylic acid) single network (PAAc-SN) hydrogelsinto polymer-sparse and polymer-rich regions, accompanied by remarkableenhancement in strength and toughness. The capabilities of co-ionsinducing phase separation of PAAc-SN gels follow a reverse Hofmeisterseries: Cl- < Br- < I-. Due to the enhanced polymer-polymer interactionsand viscoelastic energy dissipation, the phase-separated PAAc-SN gelsexhibit exceptional mechanical properties, with fracture stress andtearing energy of 96.7-folds and 1636-folds larger than those of theas-prepared gels, respectively. The largest fracture stress and tearingenergy reach 8.8 & PLUSMN; 1.3 MPa and 29.8 & PLUSMN; 2.4 kJ/m(2), exceeding most state-of-the-art PE hydrogels. A combination ofFTIR, H-1 NMR, and all-atom molecular dynamics simulationsreveals that the reverse Hofmeister series-aided phase separationoriginates from changes of network chain conformation through thefollowing influences rooted in the larger size of co-ions: (i) enhancinghydrophobic polymer-polymer interactions; (ii) acceleratingthe ion pair formation between carboxyl groups and their sodium counterions.These results not only provide a new method for hydrogel strengtheningand toughening but also emphasize the significant role of co-ionsin tuning the properties of PE gels.
[109] 协离子效应促进聚电解质水凝胶相分离以实现极端强化和增韧大分子，2023，56(15)：5881-5890。聚电解质（PE）水凝胶在自然界中普遍存在。通过调整 PE 凝胶与盐之间的相互作用，可以提供多种方法来克服其关键缺点，如弱和脆的性质。向 PE 凝胶中添加盐会引入反离子和共离子，而 PE 链构象及其宏观性质的变化主要归因于 PE 带电基团与其反离子的相互作用，然而共离子的作用通常被忽视。本研究表明，通过改变具有较大原子尺寸的共离子种类，单价卤化物能够触发聚（丙烯酸）单网络（PAAc-SN）水凝胶的相分离，形成聚合物稀疏区和聚合物富集区，同时显著提高强度和韧性。共离子诱导 PAAc-SN 凝胶相分离的能力遵循逆霍夫迈斯特序列：Cl- < Br- < I-. 由于增强的聚合物-聚合物相互作用和粘弹性能量耗散，相分离的 PAAc-SN 水凝胶表现出卓越的机械性能，其断裂应力和撕裂能分别比制备的凝胶大 96.7 倍和 1636 倍。最大的断裂应力和撕裂能分别达到 8.8 ± 1.3 MPa 和 29.8 ± 2.4 kJ/m²，超过大多数最先进的 PE 水凝胶。结合傅里叶变换红外光谱、H-1 核磁共振和全原子分子动力学模拟，揭示出反向霍夫迈斯特序列辅助的相分离源于网络链构型的变化，这种变化源于共离子的较大尺寸：（i）增强疏水性聚合物-聚合物相互作用；（ii）加速羧基与其钠对离子的离子对形成。这些结果不仅为水凝胶的增强和增韧提供了一种新方法，而且强调了共离子在调节 PE 凝胶性能中的重要作用。

[110] Responsive Liquid‐Crystal Microlaser Arrays with Tactile Perception Advanced Optical Materials, 2023, 11(13): 2202879-2202887.
[110] 具有触觉感知的响应性液晶微激光阵列，先进光学材料，2023，11(13)：2202879-2202887。

[111] A Review of Functional Hydrogels for Flexible Chemical Sensors Advanced Sensor Research, 2023, 3(3).
[111] 功能性水凝胶在柔性化学传感器中的应用综述 先进传感器研究，2023，3(3)。

[112] A Mechanochromic Optical Sensor Based on Bragg Reflection for Real-Time Monitoring of Large-Range Sharp Pressure Fluctuations in Aqueous Fluids Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2023, 11(44): 15419-15425. In recent years, mechano-actuated sensors have received extensive attention due to their excellent sensitivity in the dynamic pressure and flow field. In this study, a mechanochromic optical sensor based on Bragg reflection was fabricated, which can realize ultra-fast real-time monitoring of large-range sharp pressure fluctuations. To enhance environmental adaptability, the effects of concentration and zeta potential on the optical properties of a NPC hydrogel were discussed, and the hydrogel was integrated with polydimethylsiloxane and graphene oxide as sensors. The reflection peak of the NPC hydrogel shifted from 633 nm to 397 nm and the structural color changed from red to blue at 173 kPa. The optical sensor was designed with maximum measuring ranges of 407.1 kPa, 1.59 MPa, 4.15 MPa, 9.52 MPa and 15.50 MPa and their feasibility was verified by cavitation. Simulation and actual monitoring results showed that the sensors can realize the real-time monitoring of large-range sharp pressure fluctuations in aqueous fluids, their structural color can be changed in ultrafast conversion and recovery within 0.0001 s, and the spatial resolution was 0.21 mm. This work provides a novel strategy for real-time monitoring of large-range sharp pressure fluctuations in aqueous fluids, which created a precedent for ultra-fast visual monitoring of large-scale and dramatic pressure fluctuations. The NPCs sensor was fabricated for the ultra-fast real-time monitoring of large-range sharp pressure fluctuations in aqueous field, which provided a new strategy for the studying of hydrodynamics and can be extended to sharp pressure monitoring in air and shockwave field.
[112] 基于布拉格反射的机械色光传感器用于水溶液中大幅值压力波动的实时监测 材料化学 C，2023，11(44): 15419-15425。近年来，由于在动态压力和流动场中表现出优异的灵敏度，机械驱动传感器受到了广泛关注。在本研究中，一种基于布拉格反射的机械色光传感器被制备出来，可以实现大范围压力波动的超快实时监测。为了提高环境适应性，讨论了浓度和ζ电位对 NPC 水凝胶光学性能的影响，并将水凝胶与聚二甲基硅氧烷和氧化石墨烯集成作为传感器。NPC 水凝胶的反射峰从 633 nm 移至 397 nm，结构色从红色变为蓝色，在 173 kPa 时。该光学传感器设计有最大测量范围 407.1 kPa、1.59 MPa、4.15 MPa、9.52 MPa 和 15.50 MPa，并通过空化验证了其可行性。 仿真和实际监测结果显示，传感器能够实现水基流体中大范围急剧压力波动的实时监测，其结构色可在 0.0001 秒内实现超快转换和恢复，空间分辨率为 0.21 毫米。这项工作为水基流体中大范围急剧压力波动的实时监测提供了一种新的策略，为大规模和剧烈压力波动的超快视觉监测树立了先例。NPCs 传感器被制造用于水基场中大范围急剧压力波动的超快实时监测，为流体动力学的研究提供了一种新策略，并可扩展到空气和冲击波场中的急剧压力监测。

[113] A Broad Range Triboelectric Stiffness Sensor for Variable Inclusions Recognition Nano-Micro Letters, 2023, 15(1): 233. We propose a broad range triboelectric sensor system employing elastic sponge and shielding layers, which can realize fast stiffness recognition within 1.0 s at a low cost.A novel algorithm is proposed for rapid stiffness identification by extracting signal characteristics, effectively reducing demand of computing resources.The proposed sensor system can identify the multi-layer stiffness structure of objects, enabling effective recognition of variable inclusions in soft objects with an accuracy of 99.7%. With the development of artificial intelligence, stiffness sensors are extensively utilized in various fields, and their integration with robots for automated palpation has gained significant attention. This study presents a broad range self-powered stiffness sensor based on the triboelectric nanogenerator (Stiff-TENG) for variable inclusions in soft objects detection. The Stiff-TENG employs a stacked structure comprising an indium tin oxide film, an elastic sponge, a fluorinated ethylene propylene film with a conductive ink electrode, and two acrylic pieces with a shielding layer. Through the decoupling method, the Stiff-TENG achieves stiffness detection of objects within 1.0 s. The output performance and characteristics of the TENG for different stiffness objects under 4 mm displacement are analyzed. The Stiff-TENG is successfully used to detect the heterogeneous stiffness structures, enabling effective recognition of variable inclusions in soft object, reaching a recognition accuracy of 99.7%. Furthermore, its adaptability makes it well-suited for the detection of pathological conditions within the human body, as pathological tissues often exhibit changes in the stiffness of internal organs. This research highlights the innovative applications of TENG and thereby showcases its immense potential in healthcare applications such as palpation which assesses pathological conditions based on organ stiffness.
[113] 一种宽范围摩擦电刚度传感器用于可变包含物识别 纳米微流信函，2023，15(1): 233。我们提出了一种采用弹性海绵和屏蔽层的宽范围摩擦电传感器系统，该系统能够在 1.0 秒内实现快速刚度识别，成本低廉。提出了一种新型算法，通过提取信号特征实现快速刚度识别，有效降低了计算资源的需求。所提出的传感器系统可以识别物体的多层刚度结构，能够以 99.7%的准确率有效地识别软物体中的可变包含物。随着人工智能的发展，刚度传感器在各个领域得到了广泛应用，并且与机器人结合进行自动化触诊已引起广泛关注。本研究提出了一种基于摩擦电纳米发电机（Stiff-TENG）的宽范围自供能刚度传感器，用于检测软物体中的可变包含物。 Stiff-TENG 采用由氧化铟锡薄膜、弹性海绵、含导电墨水电极的氟化乙烯丙烯薄膜和带有屏蔽层的两块丙烯酸塑料件组成的堆叠结构。通过解耦方法，Stiff-TENG 在 1.0 秒内实现物体刚度的检测。分析了 TENG 在不同刚度物体在 4 毫米位移下的输出性能和特性。Stiff-TENG 成功用于检测异质刚度结构，能够有效识别软物体中的可变包含物，达到 99.7%的识别精度。此外，其适应性使其非常适合检测人体内的病理状况，因为病理组织通常表现出内部器官刚度的变化。这项研究突出了 TENG 的创新应用，从而展示了其在医疗保健应用（如触诊）中的巨大潜力，触诊是根据器官刚度评估病理状况的。

[114] Study on the Mechanical Properties and Energy Absorbing Capability of Polyurethane Microcellular Elastomers under Different Compressive Strain Rates Polymers, 2023, 15(3). Polyurethane microcellular elastomers (PUME) are good at impact protection and energy absorption, and belong to rate sensitive- and strain history-dependent materials. In this study, PUME with different densities of 800 kg/m(3), 600 kg/m(3) and 400 kg/m(3) were prepared, then the compressive responses of PUME in the strain rate range of 0.001 s(-1) to 3400 s(-1) were systemically investigated. By studying the energy absorption and efficiency diagram of PUME, the compressive properties of materials with different densities under compressive impact load were described, which showed that PUME with a density of 600 kg/m(3) had better performance. A visco-hyperelasticity-air constitutive model was established to describe the large deformation response of PUME at high strain rates. The model included three components: hyperelastic part, viscoelastic part and gas pressure part. Quasi-static and dynamic compression tests were used to determine the constitutive relations of seven parameters. The samples with a density of 600 kg/m(3) at different strain rates were fitted by MATLAB software, and the constitutive model parameters were obtained. The comparison between the constitutive equation and the experimental results showed that there was a good consistency. The constitutive model can provide data support for simulation analysis and application of PUME as energy absorbing protective facilities.
[114] 不同压缩应变率下聚氨酯微孔弹性体的力学性能和能量吸收能力研究 聚合物，2023，15(3)。聚氨酯微孔弹性体（PUME）擅长冲击保护和能量吸收，属于速率敏感和应变历史依赖性材料。在本研究中，制备了密度分别为 800 kg/m(3)、600 kg/m(3)和 400 kg/m(3)的 PUME，然后系统地研究了 PUME 在应变率范围为 0.001 s(-1)至 3400 s(-1)时的压缩响应。通过研究 PUME 的能量吸收和效率图，描述了不同密度材料在压缩冲击载荷下的压缩性能，结果表明，密度为 600 kg/m(3)的 PUME 性能更优。建立了粘弹性-超弹性-气压力本构模型来描述 PUME 在高应变率下的大变形响应。该模型包括三个部分：超弹性部分、粘弹性部分和气体压力部分。使用准静态和动态压缩试验来确定七个参数的本构关系。 不同应变率下密度为 600 kg/m(3)的样品通过 MATLAB 软件进行拟合，并获得了本构模型参数。本构方程与实验结果之间的比较表明，两者具有良好的一致性。本构模型可以为 PUME 作为能量吸收防护设施的应用和仿真分析提供数据支持。

[115] Chameleon-Inspired Mechanochromic Photonic Elastomer with Brilliant Structural Color and Stable Optical Response for Human Motion Visualization Polymers, 2023, 15(12). Flexible and stretchable electronic devices are indispensable parts of wearable devices. However, these electronics employ electrical transducing modes and lack the ability to visually respond to external stimuli, restricting their versatile application in the visualized human-machine interaction. Inspired by the color variation of chameleons' skin, we developed a series of novel mechanochromic photonic elastomers (PEs) with brilliant structural colors and a stable optical response. Typically, these PEs with a sandwich structure were prepared by embedding PS@SiO2 photonic crystals (PCs)within the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer. Benefiting from this structure, these PEs exhibit not only bright structural colors, but also superior structural integrity. Notably, they possess excellent mechanochromism through lattice spacing regulation, and their optical responses are stably maintained even when suffering from 100 stretching-releasing cycles, showing superior stability and reliability and excellent durability. Moreover, a variety of patterned PEs were successfully obtained through a facile mask method, which provides great inspiration to create intelligent patterns and displays. Based on these merits, such PEs can be utilized as visualized wearable devices for detecting various human joint movements in real time. This work offers a new strategy for realizing visualized interactions based on PEs, showing huge application prospects in photonic skins, soft robotics, and human-machine interactions.
[115] 非洲变色龙启发的机械色光子弹性体，具有鲜艳的结构色和稳定的光学响应，用于人类运动可视化聚合物，2023，15(12)。柔性可拉伸电子设备是可穿戴设备不可或缺的部分。然而，这些电子产品采用电转换模式，缺乏对外部刺激的视觉响应能力，限制了它们在可视化人机交互中的多功能应用。受变色龙皮肤颜色变化启发，我们开发了一系列具有鲜艳结构色和稳定光学响应的新型机械色光子弹性体（PEs）。通常，这些具有夹层结构的 PEs 是通过将 PS@SiO2 光子晶体（PCs）嵌入聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）弹性体中制备的。得益于这种结构，这些 PEs 不仅具有鲜艳的结构色，还具有优异的结构完整性。 值得注意的是，它们通过晶格间距调节具有优异的机械变色性，即使在经历 100 次拉伸释放循环后，其光学响应也能稳定保持，显示出卓越的稳定性和可靠性以及优异的耐用性。此外，通过简便的掩模方法成功获得了各种图案化的 PE，这为创造智能图案和显示提供了极大的灵感。基于这些优点，此类 PE 可以用作可视化可穿戴设备，实时检测各种人体关节运动。这项工作为基于 PE 的视觉交互提供了一种新策略，在光子皮肤、软体机器人和人机交互方面展现出巨大的应用前景。

[116] Dual-Mode Fiber Strain Sensor Based on Mechanochromic Photonic Crystal and Transparent Conductive Elastomer for Human Motion Detection ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2023, 15(12): 16063-16071. As an important component of wearable and stretchable strain sensors, dual-mode strain sensors can respond to deformation via optical/electrical dual-signal changes, which have important applications in human motion monitoring. However, realizing a fiber-shaped dual-mode strain sensor that can work stably in real life remains a challenge. Here, we design an interactive dual-mode fiber strain sensor with both mechanochromic and mechanoelectrical functions that can be applied to a variety of different environments. The dual-mode fiber is produced by coating a transparent elastic conductive layer onto photonic fiber composed of silica particles and elastic rubber. The sensor has visualized dynamic color change, a large strain range (0-80%), and a high sensitivity (1.90). Compared to other dual-mode strain sensors based on the photonic elastomer, our sensor exhibits a significant advantage in strain range. Most importantly, it can achieve reversible and stable optical/electrical dual-signal outputs in response to strain under various environmental conditions. As a wearable portable device, the dual-mode fiber strain sensor can be used for real-time monitoring of human motion, realizing the direct interaction between users and devices, and is expected to be used in fields such as smart wearable, human-machine interactions, and health monitoring.
[116] 基于机械色光子晶体和透明导电弹性体的双模光纤应变传感器，用于人体运动检测，ACS 应用材料与界面，2023，15(12)：16063-16071。作为可穿戴和可拉伸应变传感器的重要组成部分，双模应变传感器可以通过光/电双信号变化来响应变形，这在人体运动监测中具有重要作用。然而，实现能够在现实生活中稳定工作的纤维形状双模应变传感器仍然是一个挑战。在这里，我们设计了一种具有机械色和机械电功能的交互式双模光纤应变传感器，可用于各种不同的环境。该双模光纤是通过在由二氧化硅颗粒和弹性橡胶组成的 photonic fiber 上涂覆一层透明弹性导电层来生产的。该传感器具有可视化动态颜色变化、大应变范围（0-80%）和高灵敏度（1.90）。与基于光子弹性体的其他双模应变传感器相比，我们的传感器在应变范围方面具有显著优势。 最重要的是，它可以在各种环境条件下对应变产生可逆和稳定的电光双信号输出。作为一种可穿戴便携式设备，双模光纤应变传感器可用于实时监测人体运动，实现用户与设备之间的直接交互，并有望应用于智能可穿戴、人机交互和健康监测等领域。

[117] Mechanochromic Photonic Fibers Composed of Strain Responsive Colloidal Crystals and Spandex Yarns Colloids and Surfaces a-Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2023, 671. Mechanochromic photonic fibers can realize a visual dynamic color response to external stimuli, and are widely used in colorimetric sensing, smart display, and medical care. At present, colloidal crystals-based mechano-chromic photonic fibers with a core-sheath structure have been successfully prepared by electrophoretic depo-sition and dip-coating. However, problems such as the complicated preparation process and the limited range of color change are still unsolved and hinder the applications of mechanochromic photonic fibers. Here, a mechanochromic photonic fiber with a wide color shift range is prepared by a simple and effective strategy. The fiber is fabricated by coating elastic rubber containing a non-close-packed array of silica particles onto spandex yarn. The obtained photonic fiber displays a structural color that can be controlled by adjusting the diameter and volume fraction of silica particles. Under stretching, the fiber shifts from red to blue with a color change range of 127 nm. More importantly, it achieves reversible color change in the visible range under mechanical strain. These mechanochromic photonic fibers based on colloidal crystals and spandex yarns are promising for smart wearables, display textiles, and visual sensors.
[117] 由应变响应胶体晶体和氨纶纱线胶体组成的机械色光子纤维——胶体与表面 a-物理化学与工程方面，2023，671。机械色光子纤维可以实现对外部刺激的视觉动态颜色响应，广泛应用于比色传感、智能显示和医疗保健。目前，通过电泳沉积和浸涂成功制备了具有核壳结构的基于胶体晶体机械色光子纤维。然而，制备过程复杂和颜色变化范围有限等问题仍未解决，阻碍了机械色光子纤维的应用。在此，通过一种简单有效的方法制备了一种具有宽颜色变化范围的机械色光子纤维。该纤维是通过将含有非紧密堆积硅酸盐粒子的弹性橡胶涂层涂覆在氨纶纱线上制成的。获得的 photonic fiber 显示出一种可以通过调整硅酸盐粒子的直径和体积分数来控制的结构色。在拉伸下，纤维从红色变为蓝色，颜色变化范围为 127 nm。 更重要的是，它在机械应力下在可见光范围内实现了可逆的颜色变化。这些基于胶体晶体和氨纶纱线的机械色光纤维在智能可穿戴设备、显示纺织品和视觉传感器方面具有广阔的应用前景。

[118] Adhesive Photonic-Ionic Skins for Visualizing Wearable Strain Distributions Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 470: 143937-143944. Photonic-ionic skins (PI-skins) inspired by natural skins with ion transduction and chromotropic traits have attracted tremendous attention. Although PI-skins with multiple signal synergistic outputs have been developed, incorporating strong adhesion for direct wearing and precise location of deformation remains highly desirable and challenging. Herein, a mechanochromic and electromechanical PI-skin with superior adhesion, sensitivity, stability, and self-healing ability is presented to visualize wearable strain distributions and monitor human motions. The PI-skin is constructed by integrating a close-packed carboxylated polystyrene (PS-COOH) colloidal array with polymerized deep eutectic solvent (PDES) via in-situ photopolymerization. The as-prepared PI-skin simultaneously exhibits sensitive dual-signal sensing of strain (gauge factor: 1.28, response time: 240 ms, mechanochromic sensitivity of 1.87 nm per percent strain) via adjusting the lattice spacing of the colloidal photonic arrays and resistance. Notably, thanks to the multiple hydrogen bond network of PDES, PI-skin has achieved remarkable adhesion (-1.44 MPa on glass), mechanical strength, and self-healing performance. Furthermore, the excellent resilience of PDES endows the PI-skin with long-term electrical stability and reproducibility. The PDES contributed to high stretchability (-1197.8 %), guaranteeing the application as a flexible sensor. The PI-skin promises direct and firm wearing as an interactive sensor for motion monitoring and visual mapping strain distribution.
[118] 用于可视化可穿戴应变分布的粘附光子-离子皮肤 化学工程期刊，2023，470：143937-143944。受自然皮肤离子传导和色变特性启发的光子-离子皮肤（PI-皮肤）引起了极大的关注。尽管已经开发出具有多种信号协同输出的 PI-皮肤，但直接穿戴和精确定位变形的强粘附性仍然非常理想且具有挑战性。在此，提出了一种具有优异粘附性、灵敏度、稳定性和自修复能力的机械色变和机电 PI-皮肤，用于可视化可穿戴应变分布和监测人体运动。该 PI-皮肤通过原位光聚合将紧密堆积的羧化聚苯乙烯（PS-COOH）胶体阵列与聚合物深共熔溶剂（PDES）结合构建。制备的 PI-皮肤同时表现出通过调整胶体光子阵列的晶格间距和电阻的应变（灵敏度因子：1.28，响应时间：240 ms，机械色变灵敏度：每百分应变 1.87 nm）。 值得注意的是，得益于 PDES 的多重氢键网络，PI-skin 实现了显著的粘附性（玻璃上为-1.44 MPa）、机械强度和自修复性能。此外，PDES 的优异弹性赋予了 PI-skin 长期电稳定性和可重复性。PDES 有助于高延展性（-1197.8%），确保其作为柔性传感器的应用。PI-skin 承诺作为运动监测和视觉映射应变分布的交互式传感器，实现直接且牢固的穿戴。

[119] Rapid Identification and Monitoring of Multiple Bacterial Infections Using Printed Nanoarrays Advanced Materials, 2023, 35(12): 2211363-2211372. Fast and accurate detection of microbial cells in clinical samples is highly valuable but remains a challenge. Here, a simple, culture-free diagnostic system is developed for direct detection of pathogenic bacteria in water, urine, and serum samples using an optical colorimetric biosensor. It consists of printed nanoarrays chemically conjugated with specific antibodies that exhibits distinct color changes after capturing target pathogens. By utilizing the internal capillarity inside an evaporating droplet, target preconcentration is achieved within a few minutes to enable rapid identification and more efficient detection of bacterial pathogens. More importantly, the scattering signals of bacteria are significantly amplified by the nanoarrays due to strong near-field localization, which supports a visualizable analysis of the growth, reproduction, and cell activity of bacteria at the single-cell level. Finally, in addition to high selectivity, this nanoarray-based biosensor is also capable of accurate quantification and continuous monitoring of bacterial load on food over a broad linear range, with a detection limit of 10 CFU mL(-1). This work provides an accessible and user-friendly tool for point-of-care testing of pathogens in many clinical and environmental applications, and possibly enables a breakthrough in early prevention and treatment.
[119] 利用印刷纳米阵列快速识别和监测多重细菌感染 高分子材料科学，2023，35(12)：2211363-2211372。在临床样本中快速准确地检测微生物细胞具有高度价值，但仍然是一个挑战。在这里，开发了一种简单、无需培养的诊断系统，用于直接检测水、尿液和血清样本中的致病细菌，该系统采用光学比色生物传感器。它由化学偶联特异性抗体的印刷纳米阵列组成，在捕获目标病原体后表现出明显的颜色变化。通过利用蒸发液滴内部的毛细作用，在几分钟内实现目标预浓缩，从而实现快速识别和更有效地检测细菌病原体。更重要的是，由于强烈的近场定位，纳米阵列显著放大了细菌的散射信号，这支持了对细菌在单细胞水平上的生长、繁殖和细胞活动的可视化分析。 最终，除了高选择性外，这种基于纳米阵列的生物传感器还能在广泛的线性范围内对食品上的细菌负荷进行精确定量和连续监测，检测限为 10 CFU mL(-1)。这项工作提供了一种易于使用且用户友好的工具，用于在许多临床和环境应用中对病原体进行现场检测，并可能实现早期预防和治疗的突破。

[120] Extraordinary Sensitive Mechanochromic Hydrogels for Visually Detecting Ultrasmall Pressure Cell Reports Physical Science, 2023, 4(5): 101387-101404. Similar to chameleon skins, colloidal mechanochromic photonic crystals (MPCs) have been receiving increasing attention due to their capability of adjusting colors by force. However, their applica-tions are hindered by poor sensitivity (<1 nm/kPa or nm/%), respon-siveness (<1 nm/ms), and tuning range of wavelength (AA < 180 nm), mainly due to the small surface-to-surface distance (Ds-s) between neighboring particles. Here, we have fabricated supersensitive SiO2/water-hydroxyethyl acrylate MPC hydrogels with large Ds-s and thus extreme sensitivity (106.9 nm/kPa and 3.7 nm/%), fast responsiveness (11.3 nm/ms), broad AA (340 nm), and good revers-ibility (>100 times) by swelling non-closely packed structures com-bined with a unique interface etching-induced swelling mechanism. The unique compositions, structures, and swelling mechanisms are the keys to precisely regulating the Ds-s and mechanochromic prop-erties. These MPC hydrogels can monitor the small jump pressure of frogs dynamically, visually, and instantly, showing their potential ap-plications in sensing and wearable devices.
[120] 极高灵敏度的视觉检测超小压电细胞报告，物理科学，2023，4(5)：101387-101404。类似于变色龙皮肤，胶体机械色光子晶体（MPCs）因其通过力量调整颜色的能力而越来越受到关注。然而，其应用受到较差的灵敏度（<1 nm/kPa 或 nm/%）、响应性（<1 nm/ms）和波长调谐范围（AA < 180 nm）的限制，这主要是由于相邻粒子之间的小表面积距离（Ds-s）。在这里，我们通过结合独特的界面蚀刻诱导膨胀机制和膨胀非紧密堆积结构，制造了具有大 Ds-s 和极高灵敏度（106.9 nm/kPa 和 3.7 nm/%）、快速响应性（11.3 nm/ms）、宽 AA（340 nm）和良好可逆性（>100 次）的超灵敏 SiO2/水-羟乙基丙烯酸酯 MPC 水凝胶。独特的组成、结构和膨胀机制是精确调节 Ds-s 和机械色性能的关键。 这些 MPC 水凝胶可以动态、直观和即时地监测青蛙的小跳跃压力，显示出其在传感和可穿戴设备中的潜在应用。

[121] Flexible Strain-Sensitive Sensors Assembled from Mussel-Inspired Hydrogel with Tunable Mechanical Properties and Wide Temperature Tolerance in Multiple Application Scenarios ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2023, 15(43): 50400-50412. Conductive hydrogels, exhibiting wide applications in electronic skins and soft wearable sensors, often require maturely regulating of the hydrogel mechanical properties to meet specific demands and work for a long-term or under extreme environment. However, in situ regulation of the mechanical properties of hydrogels is still a challenge, and regular conductive hydrogels will inevitably freeze at subzero temperature and easily dehydrate, which leads to a short service life. Herein, a novel adhesive hydrogel (PAA-Dopa-Zr4+) capable of strain sensing is proposed with antifreezing, nondrying, strong surface adhesion, and tunable mechanical properties. 3,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl-l-alanine (l-Dopa)-grafted poly-(acrylic acid) (PAA) and Zr4+ ion are introduced into the hydrogel, which broadly alters the mechanical properties via tuning the in situ aggregation state of polymer chains by ions based on the complexation effect. The catechol groups of l-Dopa and viscous glucose endow the hydrogel with high adhesiveness for skin and device interface (including humid and dry environments) and exhibit an outstanding temperature tolerance under extreme wide temperature spectrum (-35 to 65 degree celsius) or long-lasting moisture retention (60 days). Furthermore, this PAA-Dopa-Zr4+ can be assembled as a flexible strain-sensitive sensor to detect human motions based on specific mechanical properties requirements. This work, enabling superior adhesive and temperature tolerance performance and broad mechanical tenability, presents a new paradigm for numerous applications to wearable sensing and personalized healthcare monitoring.
[121] 基于贻贝启发水凝胶的柔性应变敏感传感器：具有可调机械性能和宽温度容忍度的多应用场景——ACS 应用材料与界面，2023，15(43)：50400-50412。导电水凝胶在电子皮肤和软可穿戴传感器中具有广泛的应用，通常需要成熟地调节水凝胶的机械性能以满足特定需求并在长期或极端环境下工作。然而，现场调节水凝胶的机械性能仍然是一个挑战，常规导电水凝胶在零下温度下不可避免地会冻结并容易脱水，这导致使用寿命短。在此，提出了一种新型粘合水凝胶（PAA-Dopa-Zr4+），它能够进行应变传感，具有防冻、不干燥、强表面粘附和可调机械性能。将 3,4-二羟基苯丙氨酸（l-Dopa）接枝的聚（丙烯酸）（PAA）和 Zr4+离子引入水凝胶中，通过基于络合效应的离子调节聚合物链的现场聚集状态，广泛改变机械性能。 儿茶酚基团赋予 l-Dopa 和粘稠葡萄糖水凝胶对皮肤和设备界面的高粘附性（包括潮湿和干燥环境），并在极端宽温度范围（-35 至 65 摄氏度）下表现出优异的温度耐受性或长期保水性（60 天）。此外，这种 PAA-Dopa-Zr4+可以组装成灵活的应变敏感传感器，根据特定的机械性能要求检测人体运动。这项工作，通过实现优异的粘附性和温度耐受性能以及广泛的机械适应性，为可穿戴传感和个性化医疗监测提供了新的范例。

[122] Bioinspired Adaptable Indwelling Microneedles for Treatment of Diabetic Ulcers Advanced Materials, 2023, 35(23): 2210903-2210912. Microneedles provide an effective strategy for transdermal drug delivery. Many endeavors have been devoted to developing smart microneedles that can respond to and interact with pathophysiological environments. Here, novel bioinspired adaptable indwelling microneedles with therapeutic exosome encapsulation are presented for diabetic wound healing by a combined fabrication strategy of template replication and 3D transfer printing. Such microneedles are composed of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-exosomes-encapsulated adjustable poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel needle tips and detachable 3M medical tape supporting substrate. As the mechanical strength of the PVA hydrogel is ionically responsive due to Hofmeister effects, the hardness of the resultant microneedle tips can be upregulated by sulfate ions to ensure skin penetration and be softened by nitrate ions after tip-substrate detachment to adapt to the surrounding tissue and release exosomes. Because the MSC-exosomes can effectively activate fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, and macrophages, the indwelling microneedles are demonstrated with the function of promoting tissue regeneration and diabetic wound healing in full-thickness cutaneous wounds of diabetic rat models. These features indicate that the bioinspired adaptable indwelling microneedles are with practical values and clinical prospects in tissue and wound regeneration.
[122] 生物启发可调驻留微针治疗糖尿病溃疡，先进材料，2023，35(23)：2210903-2210912。微针提供了一种有效的经皮给药策略。许多努力致力于开发能够响应和与病理生理环境相互作用的智能微针。在此，通过模板复制和 3D 转移打印的联合制造策略，提出了一种新型生物启发可调驻留微针，用于糖尿病伤口愈合，该微针具有治疗性外泌体封装。这种微针由间充质干细胞（MSC）-外泌体封装的可调聚乙烯醇（PVA）水凝胶针尖和可拆卸的 3M 医用胶带支撑基板组成。由于霍夫迈斯特效应，PVA 水凝胶的机械强度对离子响应，因此，通过硫酸盐离子上调所得微针尖的硬度以确保皮肤穿透，在针尖-基板分离后，通过硝酸盐离子软化以适应周围组织并释放外泌体。 因为 MSC-外泌体可以有效地激活成纤维细胞、血管内皮细胞和巨噬细胞，驻留式微针在促进糖尿病大鼠模型全层皮肤伤口的再生和组织修复方面显示出功能。这些特性表明，生物启发的自适应驻留式微针在组织和伤口再生方面具有实际价值和临床前景。

[123] Dual-Responsive Pu Inverse Photonic Crystal Film with High Flexibility for Anti-Counterfeiting Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2023, 11(35): 11936-11942. Responsive photonic crystals that can change their color under external stimuli have received extensive attention in colorimetric sensing, detection and anti-counterfeiting. In particular, the inverse photonic crystal (IPC) with a macroporous structure is beneficial for the transmission of external stimuli. Herein, inverse photonic crystal films of polyurethane (PU-IPC) with dual responsive character were fabricated by using SiO2 particles as template followed by a HF etching process. Compared with the conventional hydrogel based IPC films with a reversible volume swelling or shrinking character under stimuli, the PU macro-porous structure shows varied color changes upon soaking in ethanol with different concentrations owing to the stepwise recovery from a collapsed state to an ordered state. Moreover, the PU-IPC film with high flexibility shows excellent mechanochromic property when pre-soaked in ethanol for a while. Based on the dual responsive character, exquisite patterns were fabricated by selective etching or mask methods on it, which could display dynamic colors in ethanol with different concentrations. This dual responsive PU-IPC film has great potential applications in anticounterfeiting.
[123] 高柔性防伪聚氨酯逆光子晶体薄膜 材料化学 C，2023，11(35)：11936-11942。能够在外部刺激下改变颜色的响应性光子晶体在比色传感、检测和防伪领域受到了广泛关注。特别是具有大孔结构的逆光子晶体（IPC）有利于外部刺激的传输。本文通过使用 SiO2 颗粒作为模板，随后进行 HF 刻蚀工艺，制备了具有双响应特性的聚氨酯（PU-IPC）逆光子晶体薄膜。与具有可逆体积膨胀或收缩特性的传统基于水凝胶的 IPC 薄膜相比，PU 大孔结构在浸泡于不同浓度的乙醇中时，由于从坍塌状态到有序状态的逐步恢复，表现出不同的颜色变化。此外，预先浸泡在乙醇中的 PU-IPC 薄膜具有高柔性，表现出优异的机械色变性能。 基于双响应特性，通过选择性刻蚀或掩模方法在其上制造了精美的图案，能够在不同浓度的乙醇中显示动态颜色。这种双响应 PU-IPC 薄膜在防伪方面具有巨大的应用潜力。

[124] Multifunctional and Wearable Patches Based on Flexible Piezoelectric Acoustics for Integrated Sensing, Localization, and Underwater Communication Advanced Functional Materials, 2023, 33(2). Flexible and wearable sensors are highly desired for health monitoring, agriculture, sport, and indoor positioning systems applications. However, the currently developed wireless wearable sensors, which are communicated through radio signals, can only provide limited positioning accuracy and are often ineffective in underwater conditions. In this paper, a wireless platform based on flexible piezoelectric acoustics is developed with multiple functions of sensing, communication, and positioning. Under a high frequency (approximate to 13 MHz) stimulation, Lamb waves are generated for respiratory monitoring. Whereas under low-frequency stimulation (approximate to 20 kHz), this device is agitated as a vibrating membrane, which can be implemented for communication and positioning applications. Indoor communication is demonstrated within 2.8 m at 200 bps or 4.2 m at 25 bps. In combination with the sensing function, real-time respiratory monitoring and wireless communication are achieved simultaneously. The distance measurement is achieved based on the phase differences of transmitted and received acoustic signals within a range of 100 cm, with a maximum error of 3 cm. This study offers new insights into the communication and positioning applications using flexible acoustic wave devices, which are promising for wireless and wearable sensor networks.
[124] 基于柔性压电声学的多功能可穿戴贴片，用于集成传感、定位和水下通信，《先进功能材料》，2023，33(2)。柔性可穿戴传感器在健康监测、农业、体育和室内定位系统应用中需求很高。然而，目前开发的无线可穿戴传感器，通过无线电信号通信，只能提供有限的定位精度，且在水下条件下通常无效。在本文中，开发了一个基于柔性压电声学的无线平台，具有传感、通信和定位的多重功能。在高频（约 13 MHz）刺激下，产生兰姆波进行呼吸监测。而在低频（约 20 kHz）刺激下，该设备作为振动膜进行振动，可用于通信和定位应用。室内通信在 2.8 米内以 200 bps 或 4.2 米内以 25 bps 的速度进行演示。 结合传感功能，实现了实时呼吸监测和无线通信的同步。距离测量基于发送和接收声学信号的相位差，在 100 厘米范围内，最大误差为 3 厘米。本研究为使用柔性声波器件在通信和定位应用方面提供了新的见解，这些器件对无线和可穿戴传感器网络具有广阔的应用前景。

[125] Multileveled Hierarchical Hydrogel with Continuous Biophysical and Biochemical Gradients for Enhanced Repair of Full‐Thickness Osteochondral Defect Advanced Materials, 2023, 35(19).
[125] 具有连续生物物理和生物化学梯度的多层次水凝胶，用于增强全层骨软骨缺损的修复，先进材料，2023，35(19)。

[126] Mechanochromic Optical/Electrical Skin for Ultrasensitive Dual-Signal Sensing ACS Nano, 2023, 17(6): 5921-5934. Following earlier research efforts dedicated to the realization of multifunctional sensing, recent developments of artificial skins endeavor to go beyond human sensory functions by integrating interactive visualization of strain and pressure stimuli. Inspired by the microcracked structure of spider slit organs and the mechanochromic mechanism of chameleons, this work aims to design a flexible optical/electrical skin (OE-skin) capable of responding to complex stimuli with interactive feedback of human-readable structural colors. The OE-skin consists of an ionic electrode combined with an elastomer dielectric layer, a chromotropic layer containing photonic crystals and a conductive carbon nanotube/MXene layer. The electrode/dielectric layers function as a capacitive pressure sensor. The mechanochromic photonic crystals of ferroferric oxide-carbon magnetic arrays embedded in the gelatin/polyacrylamide stretchable hydrogel film perceive strain and pressure stimuli with bright color switching outputs in the full visible spectrum. The underlying microcracked conductive layer is devoted to ultrasensitive strain sensing with a gauge factor of 191.8. The multilayered OE-skin delivers an ultrafast, accurate response for capacitive pressure sensing with a detection limit of 75 Pa and long-term stability of 5000 cycles, while visualizing complex deformations in the form of high-resolution spatial colors. These findings offer deep insights into the rational design of OE-skins as multifunctional sensing devices.
[126] 用于超灵敏双信号传感的机械色光/电皮肤 ACS Nano，2023，17(6)：5921-5934。在先前致力于实现多功能传感的研究努力之后，人工皮肤的最新发展试图通过集成应变和压力刺激的交互式可视化来超越人类感官功能。受蜘蛛裂隙器官的微裂纹结构和变色龙机械色机制启发，本研究旨在设计一种灵活的光/电皮肤（OE-皮肤），能够对复杂刺激产生可交互反馈的人眼可读的结构颜色。OE-皮肤由离子电极与弹性体介电层、含光子晶体的色变层以及导电碳纳米管/MXene 层组成。电极/介电层作为电容式压力传感器。嵌入到明胶/聚丙烯酰胺可拉伸水凝胶薄膜中的铁铁氧化物-碳磁阵列的机械色光子晶体能够感知应变和压力刺激，在全可见光谱范围内产生明亮的颜色切换输出。 基础微裂纹导电层用于超灵敏应变传感，量程因子为 191.8。多层 OE 皮肤提供超快速、精确的电容式压力传感响应，检测限为 75 Pa，长期稳定性为 5000 次循环，同时以高分辨率空间色彩的形式可视化复杂变形。这些发现为 OE 皮肤作为多功能传感器的理性设计提供了深入见解。

[127] Divalent Anion-Induced Biohydrogels with High Strength, Anti-Swelling, and Bioactive Capability for Enhanced Skull Bone Regeneration ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2023, 15(26): 31243-31255. Increased intracranial pressure after traumatic braininjury (TBI)is an urgent problem in clinical practice. A pliable hydrogel is preferredfor cranioplasty applications after TBI since it can protect braintissue and promote bone healing. Nevertheless, biohydrogels for cranialbone regeneration still face challenges of poor mechanical properties,large swelling ratios, and low osteogenesis activity. Herein, inspiredby Hofmeister effects, biopolymer hydrogels composed of protein andpolysaccharides were treated with a Hofmeister series including aseries of monovalent and divalent anions. Our results reveal thatthe divalent anion-cross-linked biohydrogels exhibit stronger mechanicalproperties and lower swelling ratios compared with monovalent-aniontreated gels. Intriguingly, the divalent HPO4 (2-) anion induced biohybrid hydrogels with excellent mechanical behaviors(3.7 & PLUSMN; 0.58 MPa, 484 & PLUSMN; 76.7 kPa, and 148.3 & PLUSMN; 6.85 kJ/m(3)), anti-swelling capability (16.7%), and gradual degradationability, significantly stimulating osteogenic differentiation andin vivo cranial bone regeneration. Overall, this study may providenew insights into the design of biomimetic hydrogels for treatingcranial bone defects after TBI.
[127] 具有高强度、抗膨胀和生物活性能力，用于增强颅骨再生的双价阴离子诱导生物水凝胶 ACS 应用材料与界面，2023，15(26)：31243-31255。颅脑损伤（TBI）后颅内压升高是临床实践中的一个紧迫问题。由于它能够保护脑组织和促进骨愈合，因此颅骨成形术后首选柔韧的水凝胶。然而，用于颅骨再生的生物水凝胶仍面临机械性能差、膨胀率大和成骨活性低等挑战。在此，受霍夫迈斯特效应的启发，由蛋白质和多糖组成的生物聚合物水凝胶经过包括一系列单价和双价阴离子的霍夫迈斯特系列处理。我们的结果表明，与单价阴离子处理的凝胶相比，双价阴离子交联的生物水凝胶表现出更强的机械性能和更低的膨胀率。 引人注目的是，二价 HPO4(2-)阴离子诱导的生物杂化水凝胶具有优异的力学性能（3.7 & PLUSMN; 0.58 MPa，484 & PLUSMN; 76.7 kPa，和 148.3 & PLUSMN; 6.85 kJ/m(3)），抗肿胀能力（16.7%）和逐渐降解性，显著促进成骨分化和体内颅骨再生。总体而言，这项研究可能为治疗 TBI 后颅骨缺损的生物仿生水凝胶设计提供新的见解。

[128] Bioinspired Soft Robots Based on Organic Polymer-Crystal Hybrid Materials with Response to Temperature and Humidity Nature Communications, 2023, 14(1): 2287. The capability of stimulated response by mechanical deformation to induce motion or actuation is the foundation of lightweight organic, dynamic materials for designing light and soft robots. Various biomimetic soft robots are constructed to demonstrate the vast versatility of responses and flexibility in shape-shifting. We now report that the integration of organic molecular crystals and polymers brings about synergistic improvement in the performance of both materials as a hybrid materials class, with the polymers adding hygroresponsive and thermally responsive functionalities to the crystals. The resulting hybrid dynamic elements respond within milliseconds, which represents several orders of magnitude of improvement in the time response relative to some other type of common actuators. Combining molecular crystals with polymers brings crystals as largely overlooked materials much closer to specific applications in soft (micro)robotics and related fields.
[128] 基于有机聚合物-晶体混合材料、对温度和湿度响应的生物启发软体机器人，自然通讯，2023，14(1)：2287。通过机械变形诱导运动或驱动的刺激响应能力是设计轻质有机、动态材料以设计轻软机器人的基础。构建了各种仿生软体机器人以展示响应的广泛适应性和变形的灵活性。我们现在报告，有机分子晶体和聚合物的集成使得混合材料类别的两种材料性能都得到了协同改进，聚合物为晶体添加了吸湿响应和热响应功能。所得的混合动态元件在毫秒内响应，这相对于某些其他类型的常见驱动器，在时间响应上提高了几个数量级。将分子晶体与聚合物结合，使晶体这一在很大程度上被忽视的材料在软（微）机器人和相关领域的具体应用中更加接近。

[129] Stretchable Surface Electromyography Electrode Array Patch for Tendon Location and Muscle Injury Prevention Nature Communications, 2023, 14(1): 6494. Surface electromyography (sEMG) can provide multiplexed information about muscle performance. If current sEMG electrodes are stretchable, arrayed, and able to be used multiple times, they would offer adequate high-quality data for continuous monitoring. The lack of these properties delays the widespread use of sEMG in clinics and in everyday life. Here, we address these constraints by design of an adhesive dry electrode using tannic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, and PEDOT:PSS (TPP). The TPP electrode offers superior stretchability (similar to 200%) and adhesiveness (0.58 N/cm) compared to current electrodes, ensuring stable and long-term contact with the skin for recording (>20 dB; >5 days). In addition, we developed a metal-polymer electrode array patch (MEAP) comprising liquid metal (LM) circuits and TPP electrodes. The MEAP demonstrated better conformability than commercial arrays, resulting in higher signal-to-noise ratio and more stable recordings during muscle movements. Manufactured using scalable screen-printing, these MEAPs feature a completely stretchable material and array architecture, enabling real-time monitoring of muscle stress, fatigue, and tendon displacement. Their potential to reduce muscle and tendon injuries and enhance performance in daily exercise and professional sports holds great promise.
[129] 可拉伸表面肌电图电极阵列贴片用于肌腱定位和肌肉损伤预防 自然通讯，2023，14(1)：6494。表面肌电图（sEMG）可以提供关于肌肉性能的多路复用信息。如果当前的 sEMG 电极是可拉伸的、阵列化的，并且可以多次使用，它们将提供足够的高质量数据以进行连续监测。这些特性的缺乏延迟了 sEMG 在临床和日常生活中的广泛应用。在这里，我们通过设计使用单宁酸、聚乙烯醇和 PEDOT:PSS（TPP）的粘合干电极来解决这些限制。与现有电极相比，TPP 电极具有优异的拉伸性（类似 200%）和粘附性（0.58 N/cm），确保与皮肤稳定和长期接触以记录（>20 dB；>5 天）。此外，我们还开发了一种由液态金属（LM）电路和 TPP 电极组成的金属-聚合物电极阵列贴片（MEAP）。MEAP 比商用阵列具有更好的适应性，导致在肌肉运动期间信号与噪声比更高和记录更稳定。 采用可扩展丝网印刷技术制造，这些 MEAPs 具有完全可拉伸的材料和阵列结构，能够实现肌肉应力、疲劳和肌腱位移的实时监测。它们在减少肌肉和肌腱损伤以及提高日常锻炼和专业运动表现方面的潜力巨大。

[130] Large-Scale Production of High-Quality Elastic Structural Color Films Based on Hydrogen Bond and Colloidal Charge Co-Driven Silica Microsphere Self-Assembly Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 455. Photonic crystals (PCs) could revolutionize the modern engineering field. However, the commonly used largescale roll-to-roll fabrication techniques are limited by the utilization of complex materials and devices. In this work, a method combining evaporative self-assembly and roll-to-roll precision printing was used for the ultrafast fabrication of large-area colloidal crystals. In this process, hydrogen bonding and colloidal charge cooperate to promote the formation of highly ordered colloidal crystals from SiO2 particles with virtually crack-free textures. The as-fabricated PCs films exhibits excellent optical and mechanical properties, including uniform and saturated colors (1 > & UDelta;E.ab for 27 orthogonal points), long service life (> 12 months), a wide operating temperature range (25-90 C), superior bending resistance (> 190,000 cycles), good folding resistance (> 320 cycles), and excellent reversibility (> 27,000 cycles). This work provides new insights into the self-assembly of colloidal SiO2 particles that will enable the application of PCs films in the back covers of mobile phones and multicolor displays.
[130] 基于氢键和胶体电荷协同驱动的二氧化硅微球自组装的大规模高品质弹性结构色薄膜生产 化学工程学报，2023，455。光子晶体（PCs）可能彻底改变现代工程领域。然而，常用的大规模卷对卷制造技术受限于复杂材料和设备的利用。在这项工作中，采用了一种结合蒸发自组装和卷对卷精密打印的方法，用于大面积胶体晶体的超快速制造。在这个过程中，氢键和胶体电荷协同作用，促进从几乎无裂纹纹理的 SiO2 粒子中形成高度有序的胶体晶体。所制备的 PCs 薄膜表现出优异的光学和机械性能，包括均匀饱和的颜色（27 个正交点的 1 > & UDelta;E.ab），长使用寿命（> 12 个月），宽工作温度范围（25-90°C），优异的弯曲抗力（> 190,000 次），良好的折叠抗力（> 320 次）和优异的可逆性（> 27,000 次）。 这项工作为胶体 SiO2 粒子的自组装提供了新的见解，这将使 PCs 薄膜在手机后盖和多彩显示屏中的应用成为可能。

[131] Transparent, Stretchable, and Adhesive Conductive Ionic Hydrogel- Based Self-Powered Sensors for Smart Elderly Care Systems ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2023, 15(9): 11802-11811. Nowadays, with the intensification of the aging society, the demand for elderly care and medical services is increasing and the elderly care and health systems are facing serious challenges. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a smart elderly care system to achieve real-time interaction between the elderly, the community, and medical personnel and to improve the efficiency of caring for the elderly. Here, we prepared ionic hydrogels with stable properties of high mechanical strength, high electrical conductivity, and high transparency by the one-step immersion method and used them in self-powered sensors for smart elderly care systems. The complexation of Cu2+ ions with polyacrylamide (PAAm) endows ionic hydrogels with excellent mechanical properties and electrical conductivity. Meanwhile, potassium sodium tartrate prevents the generated complex ions from precipitating into precipitates, thus ensuring the transparency of the ionic conductive hydrogel. After optimization, the transparency, tensile strength, elongation at break, and conductivity of the ionic hydrogel reached 94.1% at 445 nm, 192 kPa, 1130%, and 6.25 S/m, respectively. By processing and coding the collected triboelectric signals, a self-powered human-machine interaction system attached to the finger of the elderly was developed. The elderly can complete the transmission of distress and basic needs by simply bending their fingers, greatly reducing the pressure of inadequate medical care in an aging society. This work demonstrates the value of self-powered sensors in the field of smart elderly care systems, showing a wide implication in human-computer interface.
[131] 基于透明、可拉伸和粘附性导电离子水凝胶的自供能传感器用于智能养老系统 ACS 应用材料与界面，2023，15(9)：11802-11811。如今，随着老龄化社会的加剧，对养老和医疗服务的需求不断增长，养老和健康系统正面临严重挑战。因此，迫切需要开发智能养老系统，以实现老年人、社区和医护人员之间的实时互动，并提高养老护理效率。在此，我们通过一步浸渍法制备了具有高机械强度、高电导率和高透明性的离子水凝胶，并将其用于智能养老系统的自供能传感器。Cu2+离子与聚丙烯酰胺（PAAm）的络合赋予了离子水凝胶优异的机械性能和电导率。同时，酒石酸钾钠防止生成的络合离子沉淀成沉淀，从而确保了离子导电水凝胶的透明性。 经过优化，离子水凝胶的透明度、抗拉强度、断裂伸长率和导电性分别在 445 纳米、192 千帕、1130%和 6.25 S/m 达到 94.1%。通过对收集到的摩擦电信号进行加工和编码，开发了一种附着在老年人手指上的自供电人机交互系统。老年人只需简单地弯曲手指，就能完成求救和基本需求的信息传输，极大地减轻了老龄化社会中医疗护理不足的压力。这项工作展示了自供电传感器在智能养老护理系统领域的价值，显示出在人机界面方面的广泛影响。

[132] Hofmeister Effect-Based Soaking Strategy for Gelatin Hydrogels with Adjustable Gelation Temperature, Mechanical Properties, and Ionic Conductivity Biomaterials Advances, 2023, 152: 213504. As a natural polymer with good biocompatibility, gelatin hydrogel has been widely used in the field of biomedical science for a long time. However, the lack of suitable gelation temperature and mechanical properties often limit the clinical applicability in diverse and complex environments. Here, we proposed a strategy based on the Hofmeister effect that gelatin hydrogels were soaked in the appropriate concentration of sodium sulfate solution, and the change in molecular chain interactions mainly guided by kosmotropic ions resulted in a comprehensive adjustment of multiple properties. A series of gelatin hydrogels treated with different concentrations of the salt solution gave rise to microstructural changes, which brought a decrease in the number and size of pores, a wide range of gelation temperature from 32 degrees C to 46 degrees C, a stress enhancement of about 40 times stronger to 0.8345 MPa, a strain increase of about 7 times higher to 238.05 %, and a certain degree of electrical conductivity to be utilized for versatile applications. In this regard, for example, we prepared microneedles and obtained a remarkable compression (punctuation) strength of 0.661 N/needle, which was 55 times greater than those of untreated ones. Overall, by integrating various characterizations and suggesting the corresponding mechanism behind the phenomenon, this method provides a simpler and more convenient performance control procedure. This allowed us to easily modulate the properties of the hydrogel as per the intended purpose, revealing its vast potential applications such as smart sensors, electronic skin, and drug delivery.
基于霍夫迈斯特效应的凝胶水凝胶可调凝胶温度、力学性能和离子导电性浸渍策略，生物材料进展，2023，152：213504。作为一种具有良好的生物相容性的天然聚合物，明胶水凝胶长期以来在生物医学科学领域得到广泛应用。然而，缺乏合适的凝胶温度和力学性能通常限制了其在多样化和复杂环境中的临床应用。在此，我们提出了一种基于霍夫迈斯特效应的策略，即明胶水凝胶在适量的硫酸钠溶液中浸渍，主要由 kosmotropic 离子引导的分子链相互作用的变化导致多个性能的综合调整。 一系列用不同浓度的盐溶液处理的明胶水凝胶引起了微观结构的变化，这导致了孔隙数量和尺寸的减少，凝胶温度范围从 32°C 到 46°C，应力增强约 40 倍至 0.8345 MPa，应变增加约 7 倍至 238.05%，并具有一定的电导率，可用于多种应用。在这方面，例如，我们制备了微针，并获得了显著的压缩强度（标点符号）为 0.661 N/针，这比未经处理的针高 55 倍。总的来说，通过整合各种表征并建议背后的相应机制，这种方法提供了一种更简单、更方便的性能控制程序。这使得我们能够根据预期目的轻松调节水凝胶的性质，揭示了其在智能传感器、电子皮肤和药物输送等领域的巨大应用潜力。

[133] A Natural Polymer-Based Hydrogel with Shape Controllability and High Toughness and Its Application to Efficient Osteochondral Regeneration Materials Horizons, 2023, 10(9): 3797-3806. Hydrogels prepared from sustainable natural polymers have broad prospects in the biological field. However, their poor mechanical properties and challenges in achieving shape control have limited their application. Herein, a novel preforming dual-effect post-enhancing method is proposed to address these issues. The method utilizes the hydrogen bonding of agar to obtain a shape-controllable preformed hydrogel at low polymer concentrations using casting, injection, or 3D printing techniques. Subsequently, the preformed hydrogel was subjected to a permeation process to form a post-enhanced multi-network (PEMN) hydrogel with hierarchical chain entanglements to ensure its high toughness, which exhibits tensile and compressive strengths of up to 0.51 MPa and 1.26 MPa with solely physically crosslinking networks. The excellent biocompatibility of the PEMN hydrogel prepared without the need for additional initiator agents under mild conditions was confirmed by both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Furthermore, the adaptability for irregular defects, suitable toughness, adhesive properties, and degradability of PEMN hydrogels are beneficial to provide mechanical support, induce endogenous cell mineralization, and accelerate the regeneration of cartilage and subchondral bone with more than 40% bone regeneration in 12 weeks. Our work has provided a novel solution to simultaneously achieve shape controllability and high toughness based on natural polymers among the already well-explored strategies for osteochondral regeneration.
[133] 一种具有形状可控性和高韧性的天然聚合物基水凝胶及其在高效骨软骨再生材料中的应用《材料前沿》，2023，10(9)：3797-3806。从可持续天然聚合物制备的水凝胶在生物领域具有广阔的前景。然而，它们较差的机械性能和形状控制的挑战限制了其应用。在此，提出了一种新型的预成型双重效应后增强方法来解决这些问题。该方法利用琼脂的氢键，通过浇铸、注射或 3D 打印技术，在低聚合物浓度下获得形状可控的预成型水凝胶。随后，对预成型水凝胶进行渗透处理，形成具有分级链缠结的后增强多网络（PEMN）水凝胶，以确保其高韧性，该水凝胶仅通过物理交联网络表现出高达 0.51 MPa 和 1.26 MPa 的拉伸和压缩强度。在温和条件下，无需额外引发剂制备的 PEMN 水凝胶的优异生物相容性，通过体外和体内实验得到证实。 此外，PEMN 水凝胶对不规则缺陷的适应性、适宜的韧性、粘附性和可降解性，有利于提供机械支撑、诱导内源性细胞矿化以及加速软骨和软骨下骨的再生，12 周内骨再生率超过 40%。我们的研究为在已充分探索的骨软骨再生策略中，同时实现形状可控性和高韧性提供了一种新的解决方案。

[134] Constructions and Properties of Physically Cross-Linked Hydrogels Based on Natural Polymers Polymer Reviews (Philadelphia, PA, United States), 2023, 63(3): 574-612. The diverse structures and unique properties of hydrogels have attracted significant attentions in recent years. Compared to chemically cross-linked hydrogels, natural polymer-based hydrogels cross-linked with physical interactions are environmentally friendly owning to the free of chemical cross-linking agents and exhibit many advantages as diverse reversible non-covalent bonds. This review aims to summarize instructive strategies for designing physical hydrogels based on non-covalent bonds derived from unique functional groups of natural polymers to develop various unique properties and extend the application of corresponding hydrogels. Firstly, strategies to construct the natural polymer-based physically crosslinked hydrogels (NPPCHs) with internal and external stimulating cross-linking characteristics will be introduced. Internal effects included hydrogen bonding, ionic cross-linking, electrostatic interaction, hydrophobic association, and host-guest interaction, and external causes can be temperature, light, pH, or other conditions. Secondly, the unique advantages of processing technologies of NPPCHs including injection, 3D printing, spraying, and molding will be summarized. Thirdly, excellent performances of NPPCHs derived from unique dynamic non-covalent bond structures, such as self-healing, conductivity-promoting, and stimulus-response will be introduced. This review provides guidance to develop the NPPCHs with fascinating structures, excellent properties, and outstanding performances, which will play an important role in promoting the development of physically cross-linked hydrogels.
[134] 基于天然聚合物的物理交联水凝胶的结构与性质聚合物评论（费城，宾夕法尼亚州，美国），2023，63(3)：574-612。近年来，水凝胶的多样结构和独特性质引起了广泛关注。与化学交联水凝胶相比，基于天然聚合物的物理交联水凝胶由于不含化学交联剂，具有环保特性，并表现出多种可逆的非共价键优势。本综述旨在总结基于天然聚合物独特官能团非共价键设计物理水凝胶的指导策略，以开发各种独特性质并扩展相应水凝胶的应用。首先，将介绍构建具有内部和外部刺激交联特性的天然聚合物物理交联水凝胶（NPPCHs）的策略。 内部效应包括氢键、离子交联、静电相互作用、疏水相互作用和主-客体相互作用，外部原因可以是温度、光、pH 值或其他条件。其次，将总结 NPPCHs 的加工技术独特优势，包括注射、3D 打印、喷涂和成型。第三，将介绍由独特的动态非共价键结构（如自修复、导电促进和刺激响应）衍生出的 NPPCHs 的优异性能。本综述为开发具有迷人结构、优异性能和卓越表现的 NPPCHs 提供指导，这些 NPPCHs 将在促进物理交联水凝胶的发展中发挥重要作用。

[135] Novel Sio2 Photonic Crystal Microspheres as Inorganic Pigments for Structural Color Contact Lenses Optical Materials, 2023, 138. Traditional contact lenses patterns are mostly colored with organic pigments, but they suffered a pigment leakage risk after long-term wearing, which causes corneal inflammation and ulceration. To solve this issue, the structural color is applied to contact lenses because it has color and pigment free. Herein, we reported the application of SiO2 photonic crystal microspheres in contact lenses. We successfully prepared SiO2 photonic crystal ink with structural color and fabricated contact lenses by ink transfer printing, and these contact lenses also contain patterns and pupil areas that are the same as the traditional pigment one. In addition, in vitro cytotoxicity test, physicochemical property test, and optical property test were carried out to verify the per-formance of the prepared structural color lenses. All results suggested it has great potential to replace traditional organic pigment contact lenses.
[135] 新型 SiO2 光子晶体微球作为结构色隐形眼镜的无机颜料 光学材料，2023，138。传统的隐形眼镜图案大多用有机颜料着色，但长期佩戴后存在颜料渗漏的风险，可能导致角膜炎症和溃疡。为了解决这个问题，将结构色应用于隐形眼镜，因为它具有无色无颜料的特点。在此，我们报道了 SiO2 光子晶体微球在隐形眼镜中的应用。我们成功制备了具有结构色的 SiO2 光子晶体墨水，并通过墨水转移印刷法制备了隐形眼镜，这些隐形眼镜也包含与传统颜料隐形眼镜相同的图案和瞳孔区域。此外，还进行了体外细胞毒性试验、物理化学性质试验和光学性质试验，以验证制备的结构色隐形眼镜的性能。所有结果均表明，它具有取代传统有机颜料隐形眼镜的巨大潜力。

[136] Tough Hydrogel Electrolytes for Anti-Freezing Zinc-Ion Batteries Advanced Materials, 2023, 35(18): e2211673. As the soaring demand for energy storage continues to grow, batteries that can cope with extreme conditions are highly desired. Yet, existing battery materials are limited by weak mechanical properties and freeze-vulnerability, prohibiting safe energy storage in devices that are exposed to low temperature and unusual mechanical impacts. Herein, a fabrication method harnessing the synergistic effect of co-nonsolvency and "salting-out" that can produce poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel electrolytes with unique open-cell porous structures, composed of strongly aggregated polymer chains, and containing disrupted hydrogen bonds among free water molecules, is introduced. The hydrogel electrolyte simultaneously combines high strength (tensile strength 15.6 MPa), freeze-tolerance (< -77 degrees C), high mass transport (10x lower overpotential), and dendrite and parasitic reactions suppression for stable performance (30 000 cycles). The high generality of this method is further demonstrated with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(N-tertbutylacrylamide-co-acrylamide) hydrogels. This work takes a further step toward flexible battery development for harsh environments.
[136] 针对抗冻锌离子电池的耐寒水凝胶电解质，先进材料，2023，35(18)：e2211673。随着对储能需求的不断增长，能够应对极端条件的电池受到高度青睐。然而，现有的电池材料受限于较差的机械性能和冻融敏感性，限制了在低温和异常机械冲击下设备的安全储能。在此，介绍了一种利用共非溶剂化和“盐析”协同效应的制备方法，该方法可以生产具有独特开放式多孔结构的聚乙烯醇水凝胶电解质，由强聚集的聚合物链组成，并含有破坏的自由水分子之间的氢键。该水凝胶电解质同时具备高强度（拉伸强度 15.6 MPa）、耐冻性（<-77°C）、高质量传输（过电位降低 10 倍）以及抑制枝晶和寄生反应，以实现稳定性能（30000 次循环）。该方法的高普适性通过聚 N-异丙基丙烯酰胺和聚 N-叔丁基丙烯酰胺-丙烯酰胺共聚物水凝胶进一步得到证明。 这项工作在恶劣环境下的柔性电池开发方面又迈出了新的一步。

[137] Force-Induced Ion Generation in Zwitterionic Hydrogels for a Sensitive Silent-Speech Sensor Nature Communications, 2023, 14(1): 219. The development of sensitive hydrogel sensor without additional mobile ionic species is challenging. Here, the authors demonstrate force-induced ion generation in a skin sensor based on zwitterionic hydrogel, and build a throat-worn silent-speech recognition system with high recognition accuracy. Human-sensitive mechanosensation depends on ionic currents controlled by skin mechanoreceptors. Inspired by the sensory behavior of skin, we investigate zwitterionic hydrogels that generate ions under an applied force in a mobile-ion-free system. Within this system, water dissociates as the distance between zwitterions reduces under an applied pressure. Meanwhile, zwitterionic segments can provide migration channels for the generated ions, significantly facilitating ion transport. These combined effects endow a mobile-ion-free zwitterionic skin sensor with sensitive transduction of pressure into ionic currents, achieving a sensitivity up to five times that of nonionic hydrogels. The signal response time, which relies on the crosslinking degree of the zwitterionic hydrogel, was similar to 38 ms, comparable to that of natural skin. The skin sensor was incorporated into a universal throat-worn silent-speech recognition system that transforms the tiny signals of laryngeal mechanical vibrations into silent speech.
[137] 在两性离子水凝胶中诱导离子生成以实现敏感无声语音传感器的开发 Nature Communications，2023，14(1)：219。开发无需额外移动离子种类的敏感水凝胶传感器具有挑战性。在此，作者展示了基于两性离子水凝胶的皮肤传感器中的力诱导离子生成，并构建了一个具有高识别精度的喉部佩戴无声语音识别系统。人敏感的机械感觉依赖于由皮肤机械受体控制的离子电流。受皮肤感觉行为的启发，我们研究了在无移动离子系统中施加力时产生离子的两性离子水凝胶。在此系统中，水在施加压力下，随着两性离子之间的距离减小而电离。同时，两性离子段可以为生成的离子提供迁移通道，显著促进离子传输。这些综合效应赋予无移动离子两性离子皮肤传感器对压力到离子电流的敏感转换，实现了高达非离子水凝胶五倍的灵敏度。 信号响应时间，依赖于两性离子水凝胶的交联程度，约为 38 毫秒，与天然皮肤的响应时间相当。皮肤传感器被集成到一个通用的喉部佩戴的静默语音识别系统中，该系统能将喉部机械振动的微小信号转换为静默语音。

[138] Force-Induced Ion Generation in Zwitterionic Hydrogels for a Sensitive Silent-Speech Sensor Nature Communications, 2023, 14(1): 219-229. The development of sensitive hydrogel sensor without additional mobile ionic species is challenging. Here, the authors demonstrate force-induced ion generation in a skin sensor based on zwitterionic hydrogel, and build a throat-worn silent-speech recognition system with high recognition accuracy. Human-sensitive mechanosensation depends on ionic currents controlled by skin mechanoreceptors. Inspired by the sensory behavior of skin, we investigate zwitterionic hydrogels that generate ions under an applied force in a mobile-ion-free system. Within this system, water dissociates as the distance between zwitterions reduces under an applied pressure. Meanwhile, zwitterionic segments can provide migration channels for the generated ions, significantly facilitating ion transport. These combined effects endow a mobile-ion-free zwitterionic skin sensor with sensitive transduction of pressure into ionic currents, achieving a sensitivity up to five times that of nonionic hydrogels. The signal response time, which relies on the crosslinking degree of the zwitterionic hydrogel, was similar to 38 ms, comparable to that of natural skin. The skin sensor was incorporated into a universal throat-worn silent-speech recognition system that transforms the tiny signals of laryngeal mechanical vibrations into silent speech.
[138] 在两性离子水凝胶中诱导离子生成以实现敏感无声语音传感器的开发 Nature Communications，2023，14(1)：219-229。开发无需额外移动离子种类的敏感水凝胶传感器具有挑战性。在这里，作者展示了基于两性离子水凝胶的皮肤传感器中的力诱导离子生成，并构建了一个具有高识别精度的喉部佩戴无声语音识别系统。人敏感的机械感觉依赖于由皮肤机械受体控制的离子电流。受皮肤感觉行为的启发，我们研究了在无移动离子系统中施加力时产生离子的两性离子水凝胶。在此系统中，水在施加压力下，随着两性离子之间的距离减小而电离。同时，两性离子段可以为生成的离子提供迁移通道，显著促进离子传输。这些综合效应赋予无移动离子两性离子皮肤传感器对压力到离子电流的敏感转换，实现了高达非离子水凝胶五倍的灵敏度。 信号响应时间，依赖于两性离子水凝胶的交联度，约为 38 毫秒，与天然皮肤的响应时间相当。皮肤传感器被集成到一个通用的喉部佩戴的静默语音识别系统中，该系统能将喉部机械振动的微小信号转换为静默语音。

[139] Ultratough and Freezing-Tolerant Pva–Paa-Pani Hybrid Hydrogel for Supercapacitors and Flexible Sensors ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2023, 11(41): 14886-14894.
[139] 用于超级电容器和柔性传感器的超韧耐冻 Pva–Paa-Pani 杂化水凝胶，ACS 可持续化学与工程，2023，11(41)：14886-14894。

[140] Stimuli‐Responsive Peptide Self‐Assembly to Construct Hydrogels with Actuation and Shape Memory Behaviors Advanced Functional Materials, 2023, 33(34).
[140] 通过刺激响应肽自组装构建具有驱动和形状记忆行为的凝胶，先进功能材料，2023，33(34)。

[141] Urea as a Hydrogen Bond Producer for Fabricating Mechanically Very Strong Hydrogels Macromolecules, 2023, 56(12): 4491-4502. Hydrogenbonding plays a very important role in the constructionand stabilization of natural and synthetic polymeric materials. Ureais generally considered and used as a hydrogen bond breaker. No successfulexamples have been provided to show that it can function as a stronghydrogen bond producer to fabricate polymeric materials with excellentmechanical properties. Here, we show that hydrogen-bonded poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA)-urea hydrogels with extraordinary mechanicalproperties can be prepared by drying PVA-urea solutions atan elevated temperature and then swelling in water. The drying processleads to the close contact of PVA chains and urea molecules and henceenables the formation of multiple hydrogen bonds between a urea moleculeand neighboring PVA chains, i.e., urea functions as a bridging molecule.The tensile strength and elastic modulus of the PVA-urea hydrogelsreach 23.8 and 11.28 MPa, respectively, which are much higher thanthose of neat PVA hydrogels with similar water contents. Structuralcharacterizations prove that the added urea is mostly retained inthe hydrogels and strong hydrogen bonding is formed between PVA andurea. The hydrogen bonding and PVA crystallites provide the hydrogelswith strong interactions, and the reversible formation and breakageof hydrogen bonding endow the hydrogels with an efficient energy-dissipatingmechanism, leading to the excellent mechanical properties of the hydrogels.This study overturns the common perception that urea can only be usedas a hydrogen bond breaker rather than a producer, and it providesnew strategies for the preparation of more polymeric materials withexcellent mechanical properties.
[141] 尿素作为氢键生成剂用于制备机械性能非常强的水凝胶大分子，2023，56(12)：4491-4502。氢键在天然和合成聚合物材料的构建和稳定中起着非常重要的作用。尿素通常被认为并用作氢键断裂剂。尚未提供成功的例子来证明它可以作为强氢键生成剂来制备具有优异机械性能的聚合物材料。在这里，我们展示了一种通过在高温下干燥 PVA-尿素溶液然后在水中膨胀制备具有非凡机械性能的氢键结合聚（乙烯醇）-尿素水凝胶的方法。干燥过程导致 PVA 链和尿素分子紧密接触，从而使得尿素分子与相邻的 PVA 链之间形成多个氢键，即尿素作为桥接分子。PVA-尿素水凝胶的拉伸强度和弹性模量分别达到 23.8 和 11.28 MPa，这比具有相似水分含量的纯 PVA 水凝胶的相应值要高得多。 结构表征证明，添加的尿素主要保留在水凝胶中，PVA 与尿素之间形成了强烈的氢键。氢键和 PVA 晶体为水凝胶提供了强烈的相互作用，而氢键的可逆形成和断裂赋予了水凝胶高效耗散能量的机制，从而使得水凝胶具有优异的力学性能。这项研究颠覆了尿素只能用作氢键断裂剂而不是生成剂的常见观念，并为制备更多具有优异力学性能的聚合物材料提供了新的策略。

[142] Ultrathin Photonic Crystal Film with Supersensitive Thermochromism in Air Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 451: 139075-139083.
[142] 具有超灵敏气相热致变色特性的超薄光子晶体薄膜，《化学工程学报》，2023，451：139075-139083。

[143] Sustainably Sourced Components to Generate High-Strength Adhesives Nature, 2023, 621(7978): 306-+. Nearly all adhesives1,2 are derived from petroleum, create permanent bonds3, frustrate materials separation for recycling4,5 and prevent degradation in landfills. When trying to shift from petroleum feedstocks to a sustainable materials ecosystem, available options suffer from low performance, high cost or lack of availability at the required scales. Here we present a sustainably sourced adhesive system, made from epoxidized soy oil, malic acid and tannic acid, with performance comparable to that of current industrial products. Joints can be cured under conditions ranging from use of a hair dryer for 5 min to an oven at 180 & DEG;C for 24 h. Adhesion between metal substrates up to around 18 MPa is achieved, and, in the best cases, performance exceeds that of a classic epoxy, the strongest modern adhesive. All components are biomass derived, low cost and already available in large quantities. Manufacturing at scale can be a simple matter of mixing and heating, suggesting that this new adhesive may contribute towards the sustainable bonding of materials. We present a sustainably sourced adhesive system, with performance comparable to that of current industrial products, made from epoxidized soy oil, malic acid and tannic acid, all biomass derived, low cost and readily available.
[143] 可持续来源的成分用于制备高强度粘合剂 自然，2023，621(7978)：306-+. 几乎所有粘合剂 1,2 都源自石油，形成永久性连接 3，阻碍材料分离以进行回收 4,5，并防止在垃圾填埋场中降解。当试图从石油原料转向可持续材料生态系统时，现有选项因性能低、成本高或缺乏所需规模的可获得性而受限。在这里，我们介绍了一种可持续来源的粘合剂系统，由环氧大豆油、苹果酸和单宁酸制成，其性能与现有工业产品相当。接头可以在从使用吹风机 5 分钟到 180 & DEG;C 烤箱 24 小时的条件下来固化。金属基板之间的粘附力可达约 18 MPa，在最佳情况下，性能超过经典环氧树脂，这是最强的现代粘合剂。所有成分都是生物质衍生的，成本低，且已大量供应。大规模生产可能只是混合和加热的简单过程，这表明这种新型粘合剂可能有助于材料的可持续粘合。 我们提出了一种可持续来源的粘合剂系统，其性能与现有工业产品相当，由环氧大豆油、苹果酸和单宁酸制成，均为生物质来源，成本低廉且易于获取。

[144] Organic Optoelectronic Synapses for Sound Perception Nano-Micro Letters, 2023, 15(1): 133. The neuromorphic systems for sound perception is under highly demanding for the future bioinspired electronics and humanoid robots. However, the sound perception based on volume, tone and timbre remains unknown. Herein, organic optoelectronic synapses (OOSs) are constructed for unprecedented sound recognition. The volume, tone and timbre of sound can be regulated appropriately by the input signal of voltages, frequencies and light intensities of OOSs, according to the amplitude, frequency, and waveform of the sound. The quantitative relation between recognition factor (?) and postsynaptic current (I = I-light - I-dark) is established to achieve sound perception. Interestingly, the bell sound for University of Chinese Academy of Sciences is recognized with an accuracy of 99.8%. The mechanism studies reveal that the impedance of the interfacial layers play a critical role in the synaptic performances. This contribution presents unprecedented artificial synapses for sound perception at hardware levels.
[144] 有机光电器件突触用于声音感知 纳米微纳信函，2023，15(1): 133。声音感知神经形态系统对未来的仿生电子和类人机器人提出了极高的要求。然而，基于音量、音调和音色的声音感知仍然未知。在此，构建了前所未有的有机光电器件突触（OOSs）用于声音识别。根据声音的幅度、频率和波形，可以通过 OOSs 的电压、频率和光强度输入信号适当地调节声音的音量、音调和音色。建立了识别因子（?）与突触后电流（I = I-light - I-dark）之间的定量关系，以实现声音感知。有趣的是，中国科学院大学的钟声以 99.8%的准确率被识别。机制研究表明，界面层的阻抗在突触性能中起着关键作用。本贡献在硬件层面上提出了前所未有的用于声音感知的人工突触。

[145] Hofmeister Effects Shine in Nanoscience Advanced Science, 2023, 10(22): 2302057-2302074. Hofmeister effects play a crucial role in nanoscience by affecting the physicochemical and biochemical processes. Thus far, numerous wonderful applications from various aspects of nanoscience have been developed based on the mechanism of Hofmeister effects, such as hydrogel/aerogel engineering, battery design, nanosynthesis, nanomotors, ion sensors, supramolecular chemistry, colloid and interface science, nanomedicine, and transport behaviors, etc. In this review, for the first time, the progress of applying Hofmeister effects is systematically introduced and summarized in nanoscience. It is aimed to provide a comprehensive guideline for future researchers to design more useful Hofmeister effects-based nanosystems.
[145] 霍夫迈斯特效应在纳米科学中闪耀 Advanced Science，2023，10(22)：2302057-2302074。霍夫迈斯特效应通过影响物理化学和生物化学过程，在纳米科学中发挥着至关重要的作用。迄今为止，基于霍夫迈斯特效应机制，已经在纳米科学的各个方面开发出了许多令人惊叹的应用，例如水凝胶/气凝胶工程、电池设计、纳米合成、纳米马达、离子传感器、超分子化学、胶体与界面科学、纳米医学以及传输行为等。在这篇综述中，首次系统地介绍了纳米科学中应用霍夫迈斯特效应的进展，并进行了总结。目的是为未来的研究人员提供一份全面的指南，以设计更多有用的基于霍夫迈斯特效应的纳米系统。

[146] Squid-Inspired Photonic-Ionic Skin with Anti-Freezing, Drying-Tolerance, and Antibacterial Abilities for Wirelessly Interactive Multi-Sensing Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 462: 142290-142299. Squid skins can actively transduce complex environmental information into bioelectrical and color-change sig-nals. Here, inspired by squid skins, we present a novel photonic-ionic skin (PIskin) capable of outputting elec-trical/optical signals synergistically, featuring anti-freezing, drying-tolerance and antibacterial abilities. The PIskin was developed by hierarchical self-assembly strategy of antibacterial glycerol monolaurate (GML) in a poly-(diacetone acrylamide-co-acrylamide) gel matrix, followed by solvent displacement method of introducing PEG200 and ionic liquids (ILs). It demonstrates dual-signal reporting and intelligent identification capabilities for strain, pressure and temperature, using mechanochromism, ionic mechanotransduction and ionic thermosensi-tivity respectively. Furthermore, PIskin possesses long-term stability (>20 d) in ambient air and maintains high stretchablility, bright structural color and outstanding conductivity even stay at extreme conditions (-20 degrees C-80 degrees C). Notably, the GML and ILs endow the PIskin with significant antibacterial ability for Gram-positive bacteria and fungus (>99.9% antibacterial rate). Based on these remarkable capabilities, the PIskin is integrated with Bluetooth transmission system to build an interactive wearable sensor for real-time remote digital/visual feedback of joint motion and tactile sensation (such as temperature and pressure), realizing wirelessly visual multi-sensing. This investigation provides a general and enlightening design strategy for con-structing high-performance interactive skins based on photonic gels, and opens up more possibilities for meeting specific requirements in practical applications of wearable flexible devices, soft intelligent robots, human --machine interfaces and so on.
[146] 鱿鱼灵感光电-离子皮肤：具有防冻、耐干燥和抗菌能力的无线交互多传感化学工程，2023，462：142290-142299。鱿鱼皮肤能够主动将复杂的环境信息转化为生物电和颜色变化信号。在这里，受鱿鱼皮肤启发，我们提出了一种新型光电-离子皮肤（PIskin），能够协同输出电/光信号，具有防冻、耐干燥和抗菌特性。PIskin 是通过在聚（二乙酮丙烯酰胺-丙烯酰胺）凝胶基质中采用抗菌甘油单月桂酸（GML）的分级自组装策略开发的，随后采用溶剂置换法引入 PEG200 和离子液体（ILs）。它展示了双重信号报告和智能识别能力，分别使用机械变色、离子机械转换和离子热敏性来对菌株、压力和温度进行识别。 此外，PIskin 在环境空气中具有长期稳定性（>20 天），并保持高延展性、明亮的结构色和优异的导电性，即使在极端条件下（-20°C 至 80°C）也是如此。值得注意的是，GML 和 ILs 赋予 PIskin 对革兰氏阳性细菌和真菌的显著抗菌能力（>99.9%抗菌率）。基于这些卓越的性能，PIskin 与蓝牙传输系统集成，构建了一个用于实时远程数字/视觉反馈关节运动和触觉感觉（如温度和压力）的交互式可穿戴传感器，实现了无线视觉多传感。这项研究为基于光子凝胶构建高性能交互式皮肤提供了一种通用且富有启发性的设计策略，并为满足可穿戴柔性设备、软智能机器人、人机界面等实际应用中的特定需求开辟了更多可能性。

[147] A K -Sensitive Photonic Crystal Hydrogel Sensor for Efficient Visual Monitoring of Hyperkalemia/Hypokalemia Soft Matter, 2023, 19(26): 4880-4890. Potassium ions (K+) play crucial roles in many biological processes. Abnormal K+ levels in the body are usually associated with physiological disorders or diseases, and thus, developing K+-sensitive sensors/devices is of great importance for disease diagnosis and health monitoring. Herein, we report a K+-sensitive photonic crystal hydrogel (PCH) sensor with bright structural colors for efficient monitoring of serum potassium. This PCH sensor consists of a poly(acrylamide-co-N-isopropylacrylamide-co-benzo-15-crown-5-acrylamide) (PANBC) smart hydrogel with embedded Fe3O4 colloidal photonic crystals (CPCs), which could strongly diffract visible light and endow the hydrogel with brilliant structural colors. The rich 15-crown-5 (15C5) units appended on the polymer backbone could selectively bind K+ ions to form stable 2 : 1 [15C5](2)/K+ supramolecular complexes. These bis-bidentate complexes served as physical crosslinkers to crosslink the hydrogel and contracted its volume, and thus reduced the lattice spacing of Fe3O4 CPCs and blue-shifted the light diffraction, and finally reported on the K+ concentrations by a color change of the PCH. Our fabricated PCH sensor possessed high K+ selectivity and pH- and thermo-sensitive response performances to K+. Most interestingly, the K+-responding PANBC PCH sensor could be conveniently regenerated via simple alternate flushing with hot/cold water due to the excellent thermosensitivity of the introduced PNIPAM moieties into the hydrogel. Such a PCH sensor provides a simple, low-cost and efficient strategy for visualized monitoring of hyperkalemia/hypokalemia, which will significantly promote the development of biosensors.
[147] 钾离子敏感光子晶体水凝胶传感器，用于高效监测高钾血症/低钾血症软物质，2023，19(26)：4880-4890。钾离子（K+）在许多生物过程中发挥着关键作用。体内 K+水平的异常通常与生理障碍或疾病相关，因此，开发 K+-敏感传感器/设备对于疾病诊断和健康监测具有重要意义。在此，我们报道了一种具有明亮结构色的 K+-敏感光子晶体水凝胶（PCH）传感器，用于高效监测血清钾。该 PCH 传感器由嵌有 Fe3O4 胶体光子晶体（CPCs）的聚（丙烯酰胺-共 N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-共苯并-15-冠-5-丙烯酰胺）（PANBC）智能水凝胶组成，能够强烈衍射可见光，赋予水凝胶明亮的结构色。聚合物主链上丰富的 15-冠-5（15C5）单元可以特异性地结合 K+离子，形成稳定的 2 : 1 [15C5](2)/K+超分子复合物。 这些双齿配位复合物作为物理交联剂，用于交联水凝胶并收缩其体积，从而减小 Fe3O4 CPCs 的晶格间距并蓝移光衍射，最终通过 PCH 的颜色变化报告了 K+浓度。我们制作的 PCH 传感器对 K+具有高选择性，并表现出对 K+的 pH 和热敏感响应性能。最有趣的是，由于引入到水凝胶中的 PNIPAM 基团的优异热敏感性，K+-响应的 PANBC PCH 传感器可以通过简单的交替用热水/冷水冲洗方便地再生。这种 PCH 传感器为可视化监测高钾血症/低钾血症提供了一种简单、低成本且有效的方法，这将显著促进生物传感器的开发。

[148] Machine Learning-Enhanced Flexible Mechanical Sensing Nano-Micro Letters, 2023, 15(1): 55. To realize a hyperconnected smart society with high productivity, advances in flexible sensing technology are highly needed. Nowadays, flexible sensing technology has witnessed improvements in both the hardware performances of sensor devices and the data processing capabilities of the device's software. Significant research efforts have been devoted to improving materials, sensing mechanism, and configurations of flexible sensing systems in a quest to fulfill the requirements of future technology. Meanwhile, advanced data analysis methods are being developed to extract useful information from increasingly complicated data collected by a single sensor or network of sensors. Machine learning (ML) as an important branch of artificial intelligence can efficiently handle such complex data, which can be multi-dimensional and multi-faceted, thus providing a powerful tool for easy interpretation of sensing data. In this review, the fundamental working mechanisms and common types of flexible mechanical sensors are firstly presented. Then how ML-assisted data interpretation improves the applications of flexible mechanical sensors and other closely-related sensors in various areas is elaborated, which includes health monitoring, human-machine interfaces, object/surface recognition, pressure prediction, and human posture/motion identification. Finally, the advantages, challenges, and future perspectives associated with the fusion of flexible mechanical sensing technology and ML algorithms are discussed. These will give significant insights to enable the advancement of next-generation artificial flexible mechanical sensing. [GRAPHICS]
[148] 机器学习增强柔性机械传感纳米微信，2023，15(1): 55。为了实现高度互联、高生产力的智能社会，迫切需要柔性传感技术的进步。如今，柔性传感技术已经在传感器设备的硬件性能和设备软件的数据处理能力方面取得了改进。大量的研究工作致力于提高柔性传感系统的材料、传感机制和配置，以满足未来技术的需求。同时，正在开发先进的数据分析方法，以从单个传感器或传感器网络收集的日益复杂的数据中提取有用信息。作为人工智能的一个重要分支，机器学习（ML）可以有效地处理这种复杂数据，这些数据可能是多维和多方面的，从而为传感数据的轻松解释提供了一种强大的工具。在本综述中，首先介绍了柔性机械传感器的根本工作原理和常见类型。 然后详细阐述了机器学习辅助数据解释如何提高柔性机械传感器和其他密切相关传感器在各个领域的应用，包括健康监测、人机界面、物体/表面识别、压力预测以及人体姿态/运动识别。最后，讨论了柔性机械传感技术与机器学习算法融合的优势、挑战和未来展望。这些将为下一代人工智能柔性机械传感的发展提供重要启示。[图形]

[149] All-Optical Logic Gates Based on Hierarchical Photonic Crystal Modulated Photoluminescence of Perovskite Nanocrystals Science China-Technological Sciences, 2023, 66(9): 2735-2742. Halide perovskites exhibit high performance in all sorts of optoelectronic and photonic areas, suggesting their huge potential in integrated photonic devices. However, until now, all optical logic gates based on perovskites are still rarely explored, hindering the development of all-optical networks and computing. Herein, a new concept of all-optical logic gates is proposed based on the modulation of photoluminescence (PL) from perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs). A hierarchical photonic crystal (Hie PhC) is developed by self-assembling polystyrene (PS) and SiO2 nanoparticles, which exhibit a higher PL enhancement than that of a monolayer PhC. Moreover, the light-controlled PL is realized by taking advantage of the high thermal response of the PL from PNCs/Hie PhC on polyethylene (PE) substrate, assisted by a graphene layer for light-heat conversion. Consequently, optical diode and triode are achieved based on the modulated PL, which exhibit contrast ratios (CR) of 24.7 and 74.0 dB, respectively. All-optical logic gates, including "AND", "OR" and "NOT", are realized based on the optical diode and triode.
[149] 基于钙钛矿纳米晶体分级光子晶体调制光致发光的全光逻辑门 科学中国-技术科学，2023，66(9)：2735-2742。卤化物钙钛矿在各种光电子和光子领域表现出高性能，预示着它们在集成光子器件中具有巨大潜力。然而，直到现在，基于钙钛矿的全光逻辑门仍很少被探索，阻碍了全光网络和计算的发展。在此，提出了一种基于钙钛矿纳米晶体（PNCs）光致发光（PL）调制的全光逻辑门新概念。通过自组装聚苯乙烯（PS）和 SiO2 纳米颗粒，开发了一种分级光子晶体（Hie PhC），其 PL 增强效果优于单层光子晶体。此外，通过利用 PNCs/Hie PhC 在聚乙烯（PE）衬底上的高热响应，辅以石墨烯层进行光热转换，实现了光控 PL。因此，基于调制 PL 实现了光二极管和三极管，分别具有 24.7 和 74.0 dB 的对比度（CR）。 全光逻辑门，包括“与”、“或”和“非”，是基于光二极管和三极管实现的。

[150] Polyacrylamide Hydrogels. Vi. Synthesis-Property Relation Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2023, 170: 105099-10511.
[150] 聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶。VI. 合成-性能关系 物理与固体力学杂志，2023，170：105099-10511。

[151] Chameleon-Inspired Flexible Photonic Crystal Lens-Shaped Dynamic Pressure Sensor Based on Structural Color Shift Cell Reports Physical Science, 2023, 4(7): 101490. Flexible sensors with high sensitivity and multifunctional integrated stimuli in the environment have been used in various applications. Here, we report the construction of a type of high-performance flex-ible photonic pressure sensor inspired by the principle of chameleon color change. The sensor is constructed based on a lens-shaped three-dimensional photonic crystal in combination with an algi-nate-based hydrogel. Low-pressure stimuli can lead to a slight change in the photonic band gaps that, consequently, cause the shifting of the maximal frequency and variation of the amplitude of reflective light. Ascribed to the substantially enlarged reflected spectra and the structural color shift, the sensor, with a diameter of 310 nm, exhibits an ultrahigh sensitivity of 32.2723 kPa-1, a peak shift of 30 nm, and a fast response time of 0.21 s. Furthermore, the density, sound velocity, and acoustic impedance of this confor-mally photonic sensor are matched with water. Therefore, this sensor provides a promising strategy for next-generation flexible photonic acoustic sensing devices.
[151] 基于结构色转换的变色龙灵感柔性光子晶体透镜形动态压力传感器，发表在《物理科学》2023 年第 4 卷第 7 期，文章编号：101490。具有高灵敏度和多功能集成环境刺激的柔性传感器已在各种应用中得到使用。在此，我们报道了一种受变色龙变色原理启发的性能优异的柔性光子压力传感器的构建。该传感器基于一个透镜形的三维光子晶体，结合了海藻酸盐基水凝胶。低压刺激会导致光子带隙发生微小变化，从而引起反射光最大频率和振幅的变化。由于反射光谱显著扩大和结构色转换，该传感器直径为 310 nm，表现出超高的灵敏度 32.2723 kPa-1，峰值偏移 30 nm，以及快速响应时间 0.21 s。此外，该共形光子传感器的密度、声速和声阻抗与水相匹配。 因此，该传感器为下一代柔性光声传感设备提供了一种有前景的策略。

[152] Half-Planar-Half-Twisted Small Molecule Acceptors for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells Acs Applied Energy Materials, 2023, 6(8): 4354-4362. A series of asymmetric acceptor-pi-donor-pi '- acceptor-type (A-pi-D-pi '-A) non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) were designed and synthesized, namely, h-IEICO, h-IEICO-2F, hIEICO-4F, and h-IEICO-4Cl, which were prepared by simultaneously linking halogenated ending groups both at the 4-position of 3-ethylhexoxythiophene (pi-segment) of one side and at the 5 position of 3-ethylhexoxythiophene (pi '-segment) of another side. The asymmetric molecular structure, as well as the radically different steric hindrance caused by the two distinct pi-bridged segments, successfully produced a wondrous half-planar-half twisted backbone configuration. As a result of the special molecular structures of these materials, as well as the excellent electron-attracting properties of the fluorine and chlorine atoms attached to them, h-IEICO-4F and h-IEICO-4Cl are characterized by an absorption red-shift and a down-shifted molecular energy level among all four molecules. The J52:h-IEICO-4F device demonstrated preferable exciton dissociation and collection efficiency, suppressed charge recombination, a high and balanced charge transport ability, superior morphological properties, and better crystallinity, resulting in an efficiency of 11.65%. However, the efficiencies of the J52:h-IEICO-, J52:h-IEICO-2F-, and J52:h-IEICO-4Cl-based solar cells are 5.24, 9.96, and 10.43%, respectively. This work demonstrates the significant influence of the adjusting planarity of the conjugated backbone as well as the fine-tuning of the end-group halogenation substitution on the characteristic regulation and the photovoltaic performances of NFAs for efficient PSCs.
[152] 半平面-半扭曲小分子受体用于高效聚合物太阳能电池 Acs 应用能源材料，2023，6(8)：4354-4362。设计并合成了一系列非富勒烯受体（NFA）-受体-π-供体-π'-受体型（A-π-D-π'-A）非对称受体-π-供体-π'-受体型（A-pi-D-pi'-A），即 h-IEICO、h-IEICO-2F、hIEICO-4F 和 h-IEICO-4Cl，它们是通过同时将卤代末端基团连接到 3-乙基己氧噻吩（π段）的一侧的 4 位和另一侧的 3-乙基己氧噻吩（π'-段）的 5 位制备的。非对称分子结构以及由两个不同的π桥接段引起的截然不同的立体阻碍成功地产生了一种奇妙的半平面-半扭曲骨架配置。由于这些材料的特殊分子结构以及附着在其上的氟和氯原子的优异电子吸引特性，h-IEICO-4F 和 h-IEICO-4Cl 在所有四种分子中表现出吸收红移和分子能级下移。 J52:h-IEICO-4F 器件表现出更优的激子解离和收集效率，抑制了电荷复合，具有高且平衡的电荷传输能力，优异的形态学特性，以及更好的结晶度，从而实现了 11.65%的效率。然而，基于 J52:h-IEICO-、J52:h-IEICO-2F-和 J52:h-IEICO-4Cl 的太阳能电池的效率分别为 5.24%、9.96%和 10.43%。这项工作展示了调节共轭主链平面性和精细调整端基卤素取代对高效 PSCs 的 NFA 特性调节和光伏性能的显著影响。

[153] Organic‒Inorganic Semi-Interpenetrating Networks with Orthogonal Light- and Magnetic-Responsiveness for Smart Photonic Gels Nature Communications, 2023, 14(1): 1000. Living matter has the ability to perceive multiple stimuli and respond accordingly. However, the integration of multiple stimuli-responsiveness in artificial materials usually causes mutual interference, which makes artificial materials work improperly. Herein, we design composite gels with organic‒inorganic semi-interpenetrating network structures, which are orthogonally responsive to light and magnetic fields. The composite gels are prepared by the co-assembly of a photoswitchable organogelator (Azo-Ch) and superparamagnetic inorganic nanoparticles (Fe(3)O(4)@SiO(2)). Azo-Ch assembles into an organogel network, which shows photoinduced reversible sol-gel transitions. In gel or sol state, Fe(3)O(4)@SiO(2) nanoparticles reversibly form photonic nanochains via magnetic control. Light and magnetic fields can orthogonally control the composite gel because Azo-Ch and Fe(3)O(4)@SiO(2) form a unique semi-interpenetrating network, which allows them to work independently. The orthogonal photo- and magnetic-responsiveness enables the fabrication of smart windows, anti-counterfeiting labels, and reconfigurable materials using the composite gel. Our work presents a method to design orthogonally stimuli-responsive materials.
[153] 具有正交光和磁响应性的有机-无机半互穿网络智能光凝胶，Nature Communications，2023，14(1)：1000。生物物质具有感知多种刺激并相应反应的能力。然而，在人工材料中集成多种刺激响应通常会导致相互干扰，使得人工材料工作不正常。在此，我们设计了一种具有有机-无机半互穿网络结构的复合凝胶，该凝胶对光和磁场具有正交响应。复合凝胶是通过光开关型有机凝胶剂（Azo-Ch）和超顺磁性无机纳米颗粒（Fe(3)O(4)@SiO(2)）的共组装制备的。Azo-Ch 组装成有机凝胶网络，表现出光诱导的可逆溶胶-凝胶转变。在凝胶或溶胶状态下，Fe(3)O(4)@SiO(2)纳米颗粒通过磁控制可逆形成光子纳米链。由于 Azo-Ch 和 Fe(3)O(4)@SiO(2)形成了一种独特的半互穿网络，因此光和磁场可以正交控制复合凝胶，使它们能够独立工作。 正交的光学和磁响应性使得利用复合凝胶制造智能窗户、防伪标签和可重构材料成为可能。我们的研究提出了一种设计正交刺激响应材料的方法。

[154] A Facile Method to Fabricate Multifunctional Polyvinyl Alcohol Mineralized Hydrogels with High Strength and Adaptable Shape Journal of Polymer Science, 2023, 61(22): 2878-2891. Hydrogel-based materials are widely used in many fields, but most of them compared to tendons with the same water content do not exhibit high toughness, strength or fatigue resistance, which limits their application. The Hofmeister effect can adjust the mechanical properties of hydrogels by ions affecting the aggregation of polymer chains. Herein, we prepared a bioactivated hydrogel through simply mixing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Na2CO3 aqueous solutions. PVA chains are aggregated by strong hydrogen bonds between CO32- and -OH, at which stage the hydrogel is soft and easy to shape. Further salting out promotes the formation of crystal microphase of PVA chain, resulting in high mechanical strength and excellent toughness. The existence of Na2CO3 endow the hydrogel with conductivity, exhibits high and stable sensitivity in strain sensing, and could be used to monitor human actions. On the basis of this method, Ca2+ was added to prepare mineralized PVA hydrogels, which had high stability and long-term swelling resistance in different ionic solutions. In vitro cell experiment, hydrogel had obvious effect of promoting bone cell proliferation and calcium deposition. This work provides a facile and feasible method for preparing bionic hydrogels with high strength, toughness, and adaptable shape.
一种制备具有高强度和可调形状的多功能聚乙烯醇矿化水凝胶的简便方法 《聚合物科学》杂志，2023，61(22)：2878-2891。基于水凝胶的材料在许多领域得到广泛应用，但与相同水分含量的肌腱相比，它们大多表现出较低的韧性、强度或抗疲劳性，这限制了它们的应用。霍夫迈斯特效应可以通过影响聚合物链的聚集来调节水凝胶的机械性能。在此，我们通过简单混合聚乙烯醇（PVA）和 Na2CO3 水溶液制备了一种生物活性水凝胶。PVA 链通过 CO32-和-OH 之间的强氢键聚集，在此阶段水凝胶柔软且易于成型。进一步盐析促进 PVA 链晶体微相的形成，从而获得高机械强度和优异的韧性。Na2CO3 的存在赋予水凝胶导电性，表现出高且稳定的应变传感灵敏度，可用于监测人类动作。 基于此方法，向 PVA 水凝胶中添加 Ca2+以制备具有高稳定性和长期抗溶胀性的矿物化水凝胶。体外细胞实验表明，水凝胶具有促进骨细胞增殖和钙沉积的明显效果。本研究提供了一种简便可行的方法，用于制备具有高强度、韧性和可调形状的仿生水凝胶。

[155] Bioinspired Ultra‐Robust Ionogels Constructed with Soft‐Rigid Confinement Space for Multimodal Monitoring Electronics Advanced Functional Materials, 2023, 34(6).
[155] 基于软硬限域空间构建的多模态监测电子生物启发超鲁棒离子凝胶，先进功能材料，2023，34(6)。

[156] An Optical-Based Multipoint 3-Axis Pressure Sensor with a Flexible Thin-Film Form Science Advances, 2023, 9(36): eadi2445. Multipoint 3-axis tactile pressure sensing by a high-resolution and sensitive optical system provides rich information on surface pressure distribution and plays an important role in a variety of human interaction-related and robotics applications. However, the optical system usually has a bulky profile, which brings difficulties to sensor mounting and system integration. Here, we show a construction of thin-film and flexible multipoint 3-axis pressure sensor by optical methods. The sensor can detect the distribution of 3-axis pressure on an area of 3 centimeter by 4 centimeter, with a high-accuracy normal and tangential pressure sensing up to 360 and 100 kilopascal, respectively. A porous rubber is used as a 3-axis pressure-sensitive optical modulator to omit the thick and rigid focusing system without sacrificing the sensitivity. In addition, by integrating thin and flexible backlight and imager, the sensor has a total thickness of 1.5 milimeter, making it function properly even when bent to a radius of 18 milimeter.
[156] 基于光学多点三轴压力传感器，具有柔性薄膜形式 科学进展，2023，9(36)：eadi2445。通过高分辨率和敏感的光学系统进行多点三轴触觉压力传感，可以提供丰富的表面压力分布信息，在多种与人类交互和机器人应用中发挥着重要作用。然而，光学系统通常具有庞大的体积，给传感器的安装和系统集成带来了困难。在这里，我们展示了通过光学方法构建柔性薄膜多点三轴压力传感器。该传感器可以检测 3 厘米×4 厘米区域的 3 轴压力分布，具有高达 360 和 100 千帕的高精度法向和切向压力传感。使用多孔橡胶作为 3 轴压力敏感光学调制器，省去了厚重且刚性的聚焦系统，同时不牺牲灵敏度。此外，通过集成薄而柔性的背光和成像器，传感器的总厚度为 1.5 毫米，即使弯曲到 18 毫米的半径也能正常工作。

[157] A Dual-Responsive Artificial Skin for Tactile and Touchless Interfaces Small, 2023, 19(21): e2206830. The progress from intelligent interactions and supplemented/augmented reality requires artificial skins to shift from the single-functional tactile paradigm. Dual-responsive sensors that can both detect pre-contact proximal events and tactile pressure levels enrich the perception dimensions and deliver additional cognitive information. Previous dual-responsive sensors show very limited utilizations only in proximity perception or approaching switches. Whereas, the approaching inputs from the environment should be able to convey more valuable messages. Herein, a flexible iontronic dual-responsive artificial skin is present. The artificial skin is sensitive to external object's applied pressure as well as its approaching, and can elicit information of target material categories encoded in the proximal inputs. Versatile applications are then demonstrated. Dual-mode human-machine interfaces are developed based on the devices, including a manipulation of virtual game characters, navigation and zooming in of electronic maps, and scrolling through electronic documents. More importantly, the proof-of-concept application of an entirely touchless material classification system is demonstrated. Three types of materials (metals, polymers, and human skins) are classified and predicted accurately. These features of the artificial skin make it highly promising for next-generation smart engineered electronics.
[157] 双响应人工皮肤：用于触觉和非触觉界面 小型，2023，19(21)：e2206830。从智能交互和增强/虚拟现实的发展需要人工皮肤从单一功能的触觉范式转变。能够同时检测接触前近场事件和触觉压力水平的双响应传感器丰富了感知维度并提供了额外的认知信息。之前的双响应传感器在邻近感知或接近开关中的应用非常有限。而来自环境的接近输入应该能够传达更有价值的信息。在此，提出了一种柔性的离子电子双响应人工皮肤。该人工皮肤对外部物体施加的压力以及其接近都能产生信息，这些信息编码在近场输入中。随后展示了多种应用。基于该设备开发了双模态人机界面，包括操纵虚拟游戏角色、电子地图的导航和缩放以及电子文档的滚动。 更重要的是，完全无接触式材料分类系统的概念验证应用得到了展示。三种材料（金属、聚合物和人类皮肤）被准确分类和预测。这些人工皮肤的特征使其在下一代智能工程电子领域具有高度的前景。

[158] Fiber Optic Sensing Technology and Vision Sensing Technology for Structural Health Monitoring Sensors, 2023, 23(9). Structural health monitoring is currently a crucial measure for the analysis of structural safety. As a structural asset management approach, it can provide a cost-effective measure and has been used successfully in a variety of structures. In recent years, the development of fiber optic sensing technology and vision sensing technology has led to further advances in structural health monitoring. This paper focuses on the basic principles, recent advances, and current status of applications of these two sensing technologies. It provides the reader with a broad review of the literature. It introduces the advantages, limitations, and future directions of these two sensing technologies. In addition, the main contribution of this paper is that the integration of fiber optic sensing technology and vision sensing technology is discussed. This paper demonstrates the feasibility and application potential of this integration by citing numerous examples. The conclusions show that this new integrated sensing technology can effectively utilize the advantages of both fields.
[158] 光纤传感技术与视觉传感技术用于结构健康监测传感器，2023，23(9)。结构健康监测目前是分析结构安全的关键措施。作为一种结构资产管理方法，它可以提供一种经济有效的措施，并且已在各种结构中成功应用。近年来，光纤传感技术和视觉传感技术的发展推动了结构健康监测的进一步进步。本文重点介绍了这两种传感技术的基本原理、最新进展和当前应用状况。它为读者提供了广泛的文献综述。它介绍了这两种传感技术的优势、局限性和未来发展方向。此外，本文的主要贡献是讨论了光纤传感技术与视觉传感技术的集成。通过引用众多实例，本文证明了这种集成技术的可行性和应用潜力。结论表明，这种新的集成传感技术可以有效地利用两个领域的优势。

[159] Polymer-Based Responsive Structural Color Materials Progress in Materials Science, 2023, 135: 101091-101153. Polymer-based responsive structural color materials are polymers with ordered microstructures that can change colors. They offer unique advantages and present a novel solution for many industries. Despite the presence of classic review papers on responsive photonic materials, a comprehensive review of polymer-based responsive structural color materials, including funda- mental research and applications, is still lacking. This study provides a detailed overview of polymer-based responsive structural color materials, including polymer selection, structure fabrication, response mechanisms, and applications. The current challenges and future de- velopments are also presented. It is hoped that this review will encourage interdisciplinary communications across physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, materials science, and engineering.
[159] 基于聚合物的响应性结构色材料：材料科学进展，2023，135：101091-101153。基于聚合物的响应性结构色材料是具有有序微观结构的聚合物，能够改变颜色。它们具有独特的优势，并为许多行业提供了一种新的解决方案。尽管存在关于响应性光子材料的经典综述论文，但包括基础研究和应用在内的基于聚合物的响应性结构色材料的全面综述仍然不足。本研究对基于聚合物的响应性结构色材料进行了详细的概述，包括聚合物选择、结构制备、响应机制和应用。还介绍了当前挑战和未来发展趋势。希望这篇综述能够促进物理学、化学、生物学、医学、材料科学和工程学之间的跨学科交流。

[160] Utilizing the Hofmeister Effect to Induce Hydrogelation of Nonionic Supramolecular Polymers into a Therapeutic Depot Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 2023, 62(43): e202306652. Nonionic hydrogels are of particular interest for long-term therapeutic implantation due to their minimal immunogenicity relative to their charged counterparts. However, in situ formation of nonionic supramolecular hydrogels under physiological conditions has been a challenging task. In this context, we report on our discovery of salt-triggered hydrogelation of nonionic supramolecular polymers (SPs) formed by self-assembling prodrug hydrogelators (SAPHs) through the Hofmeister effect. The designed SAPHs consist of two SN-38 units, which is an active metabolite of the anticancer drug irinotecan, and a short peptide grafted with two or four oligoethylene glycol (OEG) segments. Upon self-assembly in water, the resultant nonionic SPs can be triggered to gel upon addition of phosphate salts. Our 1H NMR studies revealed that the added phosphates led to a change in the chemical shift of the methylene protons, suggestive of a disruption of the water-ether hydrogen bonds and consequent reorganization of the hydration shell surrounding the SPs. This deshielding effect, commensurate with the amount of salt added, likely promoted associative interactions among the SAPH filaments to percolate into a 3D network. The formed hydrogels exhibited a sustained release profile of SN-38 hydrogelator that acted potently against cancer cells. Non-ionic supramolecular polymers, formed by self-assembly of drug-peptide conjugates, can be induced to undergo a sol-gel transition using the Hofmeister Effect, in which the well-hydrated anions disrupt the hydration shell around the supramolecular polymers by polarizing the water molecules closely bound to their surfaces.image
利用霍夫迈斯特效应诱导非离子超分子聚合物水凝胶化形成治疗性储存库——Angewandte Chemie-International Edition，2023，62(43)：e202306652。与带电的同类相比，非离子水凝胶由于其最低的免疫原性而特别适用于长期治疗植入。然而，在生理条件下原位形成非离子超分子水凝胶一直是一项挑战。在此背景下，我们报告了我们通过霍夫迈斯特效应发现盐触发的由自组装前药水凝胶化剂（SAPHs）形成的非离子超分子聚合物（SPs）的水凝胶化。设计的 SAPHs 由两个 SN-38 单位组成，这是抗癌药物伊立替康的活性代谢物，以及带有两个或四个聚乙二醇（OEG）片段的短肽。在水中的自组装后，所得的非离子 SPs 可以通过添加磷酸盐而触发凝胶化。 我们的一维核磁共振（1H NMR）研究表明，添加的磷酸盐导致亚甲基质子的化学位移发生变化，这表明水-醚氢键的破坏和围绕 SPs 的水合壳的重组。这种去屏蔽效应，与添加的盐的量成正比，可能促进了 SAPH 纤维之间的关联相互作用，渗透到三维网络中。形成的凝胶表现出 SN-38 凝胶剂的持续释放特性，对癌细胞具有强大的作用。通过药物-肽偶联物的自组装形成的非离子超分子聚合物，可以通过霍夫迈斯特效应诱导发生溶胶-凝胶转变，其中良好水合的阴离子通过极化紧密绑定在其表面的水分子破坏超分子聚合物周围的水合壳。

[161] Tactile Sensing Technology in Bionic Skin: A Review Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2023, 220.
[161] 生物仿生皮肤中的触觉传感技术：综述，生物传感器与生物电子学，2023，220。

[162] The Combined Impact of Hand-Arm Vibration and Noise Exposure on Hearing Sensitivity of Agricultural/Forestry Workers—a Systematic Literature Review International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2023, 20(5). Hand-arm vibration (HAV), which potentially causes vibration white finger (VWF), and occupational noise are serious issues in the agricultural and forestry industries. Generally, agricultural workers operate as single-family/small businesses and thus are exempted from Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations/laws for noise and HAV otherwise applicable to other industries in general. The agricultural/forestry sectors are at increased risk as working hours are longer than a typical 8-h work shift putting them at greater risk of hearing loss. The study was conducted to assess the possible association between hearing sensitivity on combined exposure to noise and hand-arm vibration. A systematic literature review was conducted on exposure to noise and HAV in the agricultural/forestry sector and the resulting impacts on hearing. The peer-reviewed articles in English were searched with 14 search words in three databases of PubMed, Ergo Abstracts, and Web of Science without any filter for the year for fully available article text. The database literature search resulted in 72 articles. Forty-seven (47) articles met the search criteria based on the title. Abstracts were then reviewed for any relationship between hearing loss and hand-arm vibration/Raynaud's phenomenon/VWF. This left 18 articles. It was found that most agricultural workers and chainsaw workers are exposed to noise and VWF. Hearing is impacted by both noise and aging. The workers exposed to HAV and noise had greater hearing loss than non-exposed workers, possibly due to the additive effect on temporary threshold shift (TTS). It was found that VWF might be associated with vasospasm in the cochlea through autonomous vascular reflexes, digital arteries narrowing, vasoconstriction in the inner ear by noise, ischemic damage to the hair cells and increased oxygen demand, which significantly affects the correlation between VWF and hearing loss.
[162] 手臂振动和噪声暴露对农业/林业工人听觉敏感性的综合影响——系统文献综述 国际环境与健康研究杂志，2023，20(5)。手臂振动（HAV），可能导致振动性白指（VWF），以及职业噪声是农业和林业行业中的严重问题。通常，农业工人以单户/小型企业形式运营，因此免于职业安全与健康管理局（OSHA）规定的/法律对噪声和 HAV 的适用，这些规定/法律通常适用于其他行业。农业/林业部门风险增加，因为工作时间长于典型的 8 小时工作班次，使他们更容易患听力损失。本研究旨在评估噪声和手臂振动联合暴露对听觉敏感性的可能关联。对农业/林业部门噪声和 HAV 的暴露及其对听力的影响进行了系统文献综述。 同行评审的英文文章使用 14 个关键词在 PubMed、Ergo Abstracts 和 Web of Science 三个数据库中进行搜索，未对年份进行筛选，以获取全文。数据库文献搜索结果为 72 篇文章。根据标题，有 47 篇文章符合搜索标准。然后对摘要进行了审查，以确定听力损失与手臂振动/雷诺现象/VWF 之间是否存在任何关系。这留下了 18 篇文章。发现大多数农业工人和链锯工人都暴露于噪音和 VWF 中。听力受噪音和老化两方面的影响。暴露于 HAV 和噪音的工人比未暴露的工人听力损失更大，这可能是由于暂时性听阈移位（TTS）的叠加效应。发现 VWF 可能与耳蜗的自主血管反射、数字动脉狭窄、噪音引起的内耳血管收缩、毛细胞缺血性损伤和氧气需求增加有关，这显著影响了 VWF 与听力损失之间的相关性。

[163] Pushing the Electrochemical Performance Limits of Polypyrrole toward Stable Microelectronic Devices Nano-Micro Letters, 2023, 15(1): 49-66. Conducting polymers have achieved remarkable attentions owing to their exclusive characteristics, for instance, electrical conductivity, high ionic conductivity, visual transparency, and mechanical tractability. Surface and nanostructure engineering of conjugated conducting polymers offers an exceptional pathway to facilitate their implementation in a variety of scientific claims, comprising energy storage and production devices, flexible and wearable optoelectronic devices. A two-step tactic to assemble high-performance polypyrrole (PPy)-based microsupercapacitor (MSC) is utilized by transforming the current collectors to suppress structural pulverization and increase the adhesion of PPy, and then electrochemical co-deposition of PPy-CNT nanostructures on rGO@Au current collectors is performed. The resulting fine patterned MSC conveyed a high areal capacitance of 65.9 mF cm(-2) (at a current density of 0.1 mA cm(-2)), an exceptional cycling performance of retaining 79% capacitance after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles at 5 mA cm(-2). Benefiting from the intermediate graphene, current collector free PPy-CNT@rGO flexible MSC is produced by a facile transfer method on a flexible substrate, which delivered an areal capacitance of 70.25 mF cm(-2) at 0.1 mA cm(-2) and retained 46% of the initial capacitance at a current density of 1.0 mA cm(-2). The flexible MSC is utilized as a skin compatible capacitive micro-strain sensor with excellent electromechanochemical characteristics.
推动聚吡咯电化学性能极限，向稳定微电子器件迈进 纳米-微纳信函，2023，15(1)：49-66。导电聚合物因其独特的特性，例如电导率、高离子电导率、视觉透明性和机械可加工性，受到了广泛关注。共轭导电聚合物的表面和纳米结构工程为促进其在各种科学应用中的实施提供了独特的途径，包括能量存储和产生设备、柔性可穿戴光电子器件。采用两步策略组装高性能聚吡咯（PPy）基微超级电容器（MSC），通过将集流体转化为抑制结构粉化并增加 PPy 的附着力，然后在对 Au 集流体进行 PPy-CNT 纳米结构的电化学共沉积。所得精细图案 MSC 表现出高比表面积电容 65.9 mF cm(-2)（在 0.1 mA cm(-2)电流密度下），在 5 mA cm(-2)下经过 10,000 次充放电循环后，保持了 79%的电容。 利用中间层石墨烯，通过简便的转移方法在柔性基板上制备了无集流体 PPy-CNT@rGO 柔性 MSC，在 0.1 mA cm(-2)的电流密度下，其比电容为 70.25 mF cm(-2)，在 1.0 mA cm(-2)的电流密度下保留了初始电容的 46%。该柔性 MSC 被用作皮肤兼容性电容式微应变传感器，具有优异的电化学机械特性。

[164] Anisotropic Cellulose Nanocrystal Composite Hydrogel for Multiple Responses and Information Encryption Carbohydrate Polymers, 2023, 303: 120446. Anisotropic composites based on well-ordered cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have received increasing attention due to their fascinating optical properties. In this study, we fabricated a multi-functional hydrogel with nematic organization of CNC by soaking a pre-stretched polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/CNC cyrogel in Na(2)SO(4), CaCl(2) solution and DI water in sequence. The crystalline domains, water content and transmittance of the hydrogel are regulated via the Hofmeister effect and hydrophobic interactions, which makes the birefringence of the hydrogel observable by interference colors. The aligned CNC not only enhance the mechanical strength of hydrogel, but also endow it with stimuli-responsive ability to the varying environment such as ion strength (0 to 5 M NaCl solution) and external forces (pressure of 0 to 248 kPa). Moreover, the patterned hydrogels are successfully fabricated by the method of local solvent displacement. Due to the low light transmission, the pattern can be encrypted and only be observed between crossed polarizers. These optical properties made the hydrogel a promising candidate for environmental monitoring and anti-counterfeit material.
[164] 各向异性纤维素纳米晶体复合水凝胶用于多重响应和信息加密碳水化合物聚合物，2023，303：120446。基于良好有序的纤维素纳米晶体（CNC）的各向异性复合材料因其迷人的光学特性而受到越来越多的关注。在本研究中，我们通过将预拉伸的聚乙烯醇（PVA）/CNC 冷冻凝胶依次浸泡在 Na2SO4、CaCl2 溶液和去离子水中，制备了一种具有 CNC 液晶组织的多功能水凝胶。通过霍夫迈斯特效应和疏水相互作用调节水凝胶的晶区、水分含量和透射率，使得水凝胶的双折射可通过干涉色观察到。排列的 CNC 不仅增强了水凝胶的机械强度，还赋予其对离子强度（0 到 5 M NaCl 溶液）和外部力（0 到 248 kPa 压力）变化的刺激响应能力。此外，通过局部溶剂置换法成功制备了图案化水凝胶。 由于光传输率低，图案可以被加密，只能在交叉偏振器之间观察到。这些光学特性使水凝胶成为环境监测和防伪材料的理想候选者。

[165] Viscous, Hofmeister Effect-Enhanced Macromolecular Adhesives for Effective Bonding in Seawater Chemistry-a European Journal, 2023, 29(38): e202300621. Deployment of adhesives in natural seawater to in situ bonds is urgently needed in engineering fields. However, stable adhesion in natural seawater remains a challenge due to the turbulent environment and high ion concentration. Herein, we reported a viscous, macromolecular underwater adhesive enhanced by Hofmeister effect (EHUA) for practical application in dynamic seawater. EHUA was synthesized via a facile one-step copolymerization. After transferred into seawater, the solvent of EHUA was exchanged to seawater, and thereby hydrogen bonds inside the adhesive were activated and enhanced by Hofmeister effect. We demonstrated EHUA can adhere on the surface in turbulent seawater, and the adhesive strength could reach 1.691 MPa. In addition, the adhesives also exhibited long-term storage stability and convenient recyclability. These fascinating properties enable adhesives to seal leaky pipelines, repair damaged ships and construct buildings in turbulent seawater. This work may open an avenue for the design of adhesives for seawater environments.
[165] 海水化学中有效粘合的粘性、霍夫迈斯特效应增强的宏分子粘合剂——欧洲期刊，2023，29(38)：e202300621。在工程领域，将粘合剂应用于自然海水中现场粘合的需求迫切。然而，由于湍流环境和高离子浓度，在自然海水中实现稳定的粘合仍然是一个挑战。在此，我们报道了一种粘性、霍夫迈斯特效应增强的宏分子水下粘合剂（EHUA），适用于动态海水的实际应用。EHUA 通过简单的一步共聚合成。转移至海水中后，EHUA 的溶剂与海水交换，从而激活并增强粘合剂内部的氢键。我们证明了 EHUA 可以在湍流海水中粘附于表面，粘合强度可达 1.691 MPa。此外，粘合剂还表现出长期储存稳定性和方便的回收性。这些令人着迷的特性使粘合剂能够密封泄漏的管道、修复损坏的船只和在湍流海水中建造建筑物。 这项工作可能为设计适用于海水环境中的粘合剂开辟一条途径。

[166] Complex 3d‐Printed Mechanochromic Materials with Iridescent Structural Colors Based on Core–Shell Particles Advanced Functional Materials, 2023, 33(15).
[166] 基于核-壳粒子的复杂 3D 打印机械变色材料，具有彩虹状结构颜色，先进功能材料，2023，33(15)。

[167] Recyclable Soft Photonic Crystal Film with Overall Improved Circularly Polarized Luminescence Nature Communications, 2023, 14(1): 6123. Existing circularly polarized luminescence materials can hardly satisfy the requirements of both large luminescence dissymmetry factor and high luminescent quantum yield, which hinders their practical applications. Here, we present a soft photonic crystal film embedded with chiral nanopores that possesses excellent circularly polarized luminescence performance with a high luminescence dissymmetry factor as well as a large luminescent quantum yield when loaded with various luminescent dyes. Benefitting from the retention of chiral nanopores imprinted from a chiral liquid crystal arrangement, the chiral soft photonic crystal film can not only endow dyes with chiral properties, but also effectively avoid severe aggregation of guest dye molecules. More importantly, the soft photonic crystal film can be recycled many times by loading and eluting guest dye molecules while retaining good stability as well as circularly polarized luminescence performance, enabling various applications, including smart windows, multi-color circularly polarized luminescence and anticounterfeiting.
[167] 具有整体改进的圆偏振发光的回收软光子晶体薄膜，自然通讯，2023，14(1): 6123。现有的圆偏振发光材料很难同时满足大发光不对称因子和高发光量子产率的要求，这阻碍了它们的实际应用。在这里，我们提出了一种嵌入手性纳米孔的软光子晶体薄膜，当加载各种发光染料时，具有优异的圆偏振发光性能，具有高发光不对称因子以及大的发光量子产率。得益于从手性液晶排列中保留的手性纳米孔，手性软光子晶体薄膜不仅可以赋予染料手性特性，而且可以有效地避免客体染料分子严重聚集。 更重要的是，软光子晶体薄膜可以通过加载和洗脱客体染料分子多次回收，同时保持良好的稳定性和圆偏振发光性能，从而实现各种应用，包括智能窗户、多色圆偏振发光和防伪。

[168] Ultrasensitive and Ultraprecise Pressure Sensors for Soft Systems Advanced Materials, 2023, 35(10): e2210091. Highly sensitive soft pressure sensors have attracted tremendous attention in recent years due to their great promise in robotics, healthcare, smart wearables, etc. Although high sensitivities can be realized by existing sensing mechanisms, they usually cause large random errors owing to inhomogeneous sensing layers, thus considerably reducing the sensing precision for practical applications. Herein, a pure-polymer and field emission bilayer structure (PFEBS)-based transduction mechanism is presented to successfully design an ultrasensitive and ultraprecise soft pressure sensor for the first time. This unique structure enables numerous tunneling electrons generated by field emission to be transmitted through the homogeneous sensing layer, which undergoes uniform deformation under subtle pressures, simultaneously achieving a sensing precision with variation <1.62% and a sensitivity of 372.2 kPa(-1). This study offers a new design strategy to develop next-generation high-performance flexible pressure sensors for soft systems.
[168] 超灵敏和超精确软系统压力传感器，先进材料，2023，35(10)：e2210091。近年来，高度灵敏的软压力传感器因其在大规模机器人、医疗保健、智能可穿戴设备等领域的巨大潜力而备受关注。尽管可以通过现有的传感机制实现高灵敏度，但由于传感层不均匀，通常会导致较大的随机误差，从而显著降低实际应用的传感精度。在此，提出了一种基于纯聚合物和场发射双层结构（PFEBS）的传感机制，首次成功设计了一种超灵敏和超精确的软压力传感器。这种独特的结构使得由场发射产生的众多隧道电子能够通过均匀的传感层传输，该层在微小的压力下发生均匀变形，同时实现了变化小于 1.62%的传感精度和 372.2 kPa(-1)的灵敏度。这项研究为开发下一代高性能柔性压力传感器提供了新的设计策略。

[169] Cellulose Gel Mechanoreceptors – Principles, Applications and Prospects Advanced Functional Materials, 2023, 33(18).
[169] 纤维素凝胶机械受体——原理、应用与前景 高性能材料，2023，33(18)。

[170] A Tunable Reflector Enabling Crustaceans to See but Not Be Seen Science, 2023, 379(6633): 695-700. Many oceanic prey animals use transparent bodies to avoid detection. However, conspicuous eye pigments, required for vision, compromise the organisms’ ability to remain unseen. We report the discovery of a reflector overlying the eye pigments in larval decapod crustaceans and show how it is tuned to render the organisms inconspicuous against the background. The ultracompact reflector is constructed from a photonic glass of crystalline isoxanthopterin nanospheres. The nanospheres’ size and ordering are modulated to tune the reflectance from deep blue to yellow, enabling concealment in different habitats. The reflector may also function to enhance the acuity or sensitivity of the minute eyes by acting as an optical screen between photoreceptors. This multifunctional reflector offers inspiration for constructing tunable artificial photonic materials from biocompatible organic molecules. Eye pigments are usually required for vision, but for creatures that want to stay hidden, they make it easier to be seen by others. This raises the question how marine invertebrates avoid being detected. Studying larval crustaceans, Shavit et al. found that many of these animals use an ultracompact reflector that overlies the opaque eye pigments and conceals them from view (see the Perspective by Feller and Porter). The reflection of light from the inner surface of the eye is produced by a photonic glass comprising crystalline isoxanthopterin nanospheres. The size and ordering of the nanospheres is varied to tune the reflectance from deep blue to yellow-green, enabling the organisms to blend in with different habitats. The use of a photonic glass may also enhance the vision of the eye. —MSL A tunable photonic glass in the minute eyes of larval decapod crustaceans helps them remain hidden and may improve vision.
[170] 可调谐反射器使甲壳类动物能看见但不会被看见 科学，2023，379(6633)：695-700。许多海洋猎物动物使用透明身体来避免被探测。然而，对于视觉所必需的显眼眼色素，却损害了生物体保持不被发现的能力。我们报告了在幼虫甲壳类动物的眼色素上发现的反射器，并展示了它是如何调整以使生物体在背景中不显眼的。这个超紧凑的反射器由结晶异黄嘌呤纳米球的光学玻璃构成。纳米球的大小和排列被调节以调整从深蓝到黄色的反射率，从而能够在不同的栖息地中隐藏。反射器还可能通过作为光感受器之间的光学屏幕来增强微小眼睛的敏锐度或灵敏度。这个多功能反射器为从生物相容性有机分子构建可调谐人工光子材料提供了灵感。眼色素通常对视觉是必需的，但对于想要隐藏的生物来说，它们使它们更容易被他人看到。 这引发了如何使海洋无脊椎动物避免被探测的问题。Shavit 等人研究幼虫甲壳类动物时发现，这些动物中许多使用一种超紧凑的反射器，覆盖在无透光的眼色素上，从而将它们从视线中隐藏起来（参见 Feller 和 Porter 的视角）。眼睛内表面的光线反射是由由结晶异黄嘌呤纳米球组成的等离子玻璃产生的。纳米球的大小和排列方式被调整，以调节从深蓝色到黄绿色的反射率，使生物体能够与不同的栖息地融为一体。等离子玻璃的使用也可能增强眼睛的视力。——MSL 在幼虫十足目甲壳类动物的微小眼睛中，一种可调谐的等离子玻璃有助于它们保持隐蔽，并可能改善视力。

[171] Health Effects of Railway-Induced Vibration Combined with Railway Noise-a Systematic Review with Exposure-Effect Curves Environmental Research, 2023, 233: 116480. Background: The combined health impact of concurrent railway noise and railway vibration exposure is not yet well understood. Objectives: This systematic review gives an overview of epidemiological studies on health effects from railway vibration, aiming to quantify this association with exposure-effect curves. Moreover, the combined health effects of vibration and concurrent noise were investigated.Methods: We converted the vibration metric to an equivalent noise level and calculated an overall noise level by energetically summing the equivalent and railway noise level. The combined health effect was determined by using published evidence-based exposure-effect formulas.Results: Studies included in this systematic review predominately investigated annoyance and self-reported sleep disturbances; no studies on manifest diseases were identified. For the combined effects of vibration and noise on "total" annoyance, the results based on the pooled analysis of CargoVibes project are recommended as conservative approach.Discussion: Converting railway vibration into equivalent noise levels in dB may offer a pragmatic approach to assess the combined health effects of railway noise and railway vibration exposure. Future studies should include cardiovascular and mental diseases in addition to vibration-induced annoyance and sleep disturbances. Furthermore, future studies should include in-depth investigations of the interaction between railway noise and railway vibration to allow for a more accurate assessment of the railway-induced burden of disease.
[171] 铁路振动与铁路噪声联合健康影响——结合暴露-效应曲线的系统评价 环境研究，2023，233：116480。背景：同时暴露于铁路噪声和铁路振动对健康的联合影响尚未得到充分理解。目标：本系统评价概述了关于铁路振动对健康影响流行病学研究，旨在通过暴露-效应曲线量化这种关联。此外，还研究了振动和同时噪声的联合健康影响。方法：我们将振动指标转换为等效噪声水平，并通过能量叠加等效噪声水平和铁路噪声水平来计算总体噪声水平。联合健康影响是通过使用已发表的基于证据的暴露-效应公式确定的。结果：纳入本系统评价的研究主要调查了烦恼和自我报告的睡眠障碍；未发现关于明显疾病的研究。 对于振动和噪声对“总体”烦恼的综合影响，建议采用 CargoVibes 项目汇总分析的成果作为保守方法。讨论：将铁路振动转换为等效噪声水平（分贝）可能为评估铁路噪声和铁路振动暴露的综合健康影响提供一种实用方法。未来的研究应包括心血管和心理健康疾病，以及振动引起的烦恼和睡眠障碍。此外，未来的研究应深入探讨铁路噪声与铁路振动的相互作用，以便更准确地评估铁路引起的疾病负担。

[172] Effects of Stochastic Resonance Whole-Body Vibration on Sensorimotor Function in Elderly Individuals-a Systematic Review Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 2023, 5: 1083617. IntroductionDue to demographic changes, falls are increasingly becoming a focus of health care. It is known that within six months after a fall, two thirds of fallers will fall again. Therefore, therapeutic procedures to improve balance that are simple and can be performed in a short time are needed. Stochastic resonance whole-body vibration (SR-WBV) may be such a procedure.MethodAn electronic search to assess the effectiveness of SR-WBV on balance in the elderly was conducted using databases that included CINAHL Cochrane, PEDro, and PubMed. Included studies were assessed using the Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool by two independent reviewers.ResultsNine studies showing moderate methodological quality were included. Treatment parameters were heterogeneous. Vibration frequency ranged from 1 to 12 Hz. Six studies found statistically significant improvements of balance from baseline to post measurement after SR-WBV interventions. One article found clinical relevance of the improvement in total time of the "Expanded Time to Get Up and Go Test".DiscussionPhysiological adaptations after balance training are specific and may explain some of the observed heterogeneity. Two out of nine studies assessed reactive balance and both indicated statistically significant improvements after SR-WBV. Therefore, SR-WBV represents a reactive balance training.
[172] 随机共振全身振动对老年人感觉运动功能的影响——系统评价 前沿体育与活跃生活，2023，5：1083617。引言 由于人口结构变化，跌倒问题越来越成为医疗保健的关注焦点。已知在跌倒后六个月内，三分之二的患者会再次跌倒。因此，需要简单且能在短时间内完成的改善平衡的治疗程序。随机共振全身振动（SR-WBV）可能就是这样一种程序。方法 使用包括 CINAHL Cochrane、PEDro 和 PubMed 在内的数据库，对 SR-WBV 对老年人平衡的有效性进行了电子检索。所包含的研究由两位独立审稿人使用协作偏倚风险工具进行评估。结果 包含了九项方法学质量中等的研究。治疗参数异质。振动频率从 1 到 12 Hz 不等。六项研究发现，在 SR-WBV 干预后，从基线到测量后的平衡改善具有统计学意义。 一篇研究发现，“扩展起床和行走测试”总时间的改善具有临床相关性。讨论：平衡训练后的生理适应是特定的，可能解释了观察到的异质性。在九项研究中，有两项评估了反应性平衡，并且两者都表明在 SR-WBV 后具有统计学意义的改善。因此，SR-WBV 代表了一种反应性平衡训练。

[173] Aptamer-Linked Photonic Crystal Hydrogel Sensor for Rapid Point-of-Care Detection of Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus-1 (Hiv-1) Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2023, 227: 115104-115113. The detection of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) at an early stage is vital and could be realized through its cell surface glycoprotein-120 (gp120) without virus preprocessing. Here, we present an ssDNAaptamer-linked photonic crystal (APC) hydrogel sensor for HIV detection which is comprised of photonic crystals (PCs) made of polystyrene nanoparticles embedded in the polyacrylamide hydrogel. ssDNA aptamers specific for gp120 are crosslinked in the hydrogel which can selectively bind to gp120 by hydrogen bonding increasing the PCs particle spacing and swelling of the hydrogel. The binding response can be visually monitored as a color change due to the diffraction of light from PCs and can eventually be measured (1-1000 ng mL-1 of gp120) and 100 to 108 VP mL-1 of HIV by the Debye's ring diameter or a UV/Vis spectrometer. APC-hydrogel can be regenerated by Tris-HCl and EDTA washing buffer system. The sensor demonstrates LOD of 7.1 +/- 1.55 ng mL-1 for gp120 and 4 VP mL-1 for the whole HIV, a rapid response of 5 min, reusability up to 70 % (in fifth use), and recovery of 95.4 +/- 0.1 % to 99.0 +/- 0.2 % in plasma samples. The sensor is cost-effect and stable compared to antibody-based sensors and can be utilized to develop point-of-care testing (POCT) devices for HIV diagnosis.
[173] 适配体连接的光子晶体水凝胶传感器用于快速床旁检测人免疫缺陷病毒-1（HIV-1）——《药学与生物医学分析》杂志，2023，227：115104-115113。在早期检测人免疫缺陷病毒-1（HIV）至关重要，可以通过其细胞表面糖蛋白-120（gp120）实现，无需病毒预处理。在此，我们提出了一种 ssDNA 适配体连接的光子晶体（APC）水凝胶传感器，用于 HIV 检测，该传感器由聚苯乙烯纳米颗粒制成的光子晶体（PCs）嵌入聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶中。ssDNA 适配体特异性结合 gp120，在凝胶中交联，可通过氢键选择性地结合 gp120，增加 PCs 颗粒间距和凝胶的膨胀。结合反应可以通过光子晶体（PCs）的光衍射引起的颜色变化进行视觉监测，并最终可以通过德拜环直径或紫外/可见分光光度计测量（1-1000 ng mL-1 的 gp120）和 100 到 108 VP mL-1 的 HIV。APC-水凝胶可以通过 Tris-HCl 和 EDTA 洗涤缓冲液系统再生。 该传感器对 gp120 的检测限为 7.1 +/- 1.55 ng mL-1，对整个 HIV 的检测限为 4 VP mL-1，响应时间为 5 分钟，可重复使用率高达 70%（第五次使用时），血浆样本的回收率为 95.4 +/- 0.1 %至 99.0 +/- 0.2 %。与基于抗体的传感器相比，该传感器成本低且稳定，可用于开发用于 HIV 诊断的即时检测（POCT）设备。

[174] Self-Healing by Diels-Alder Cycloaddition in Advanced Functional Polymers: A Review Progress in Materials Science, 2023, 131.
[174] 高功能聚合物中的 Diels-Alder 环加成自修复：材料科学进展，2023，131。

[175] Force‐Triggered Self‐Destructive Hydrogels Advanced Materials, 2023, 35(52): 2305544. Abstract Self-Destructive Polymers (SDPs) are defined as a class of smart polymers that autonomously degrade upon experiencing an external trigger, such as a chemical cue or optical excitation. Because SDPs release the materials trapped inside the network upon degradation, they have potential applications in drug delivery and analytical sensing. However, to the best of our knowledge, SDPs that respond to external mechanical forces have not been reported, as it is fundamentally challenging to create mechano-sensitivity in general and especially so for force levels below those required for classical force-induced bond scission. To address this challenge, we describe the development of force-triggered SDPs comprised of DNA crosslinked hydrogels doped with nucleases. Externally-applied piconewton forces selectively expose enzymatic cleavage sites within the DNA crosslinks, resulting in rapid polymer self-degradation. We describe the synthesis, chemical and mechanical characterization of DNA crosslinked hydrogels, as well as the kinetics of force-triggered hydrolysis. As a proof-of-concept, we also demonstrate force-triggered and time-dependent rheological changes in the polymer as well as encapsulated nanoparticle release. Finally, we show that the kinetics of self-destruction can be tuned as a function of nuclease concentration, incubation time, and the thermodynamic stability of DNA crosslinkers. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
[175] 力触引发的自毁水凝胶 高分子材料，2023，35(52)：2305544 摘要 自毁聚合物（SDPs）被定义为一种智能聚合物，在经历外部触发（如化学信号或光激发）时能够自主降解。由于 SDPs 在降解过程中释放出网络中捕获的材料，它们在药物输送和分析传感方面具有潜在应用。然而，据我们所知，尚未报道对机械力响应的 SDPs，因为创建机械敏感性在一般意义上具有根本挑战性，尤其是在低于经典力诱导键断裂所需的力水平时更是如此。为了应对这一挑战，我们描述了由 DNA 交联水凝胶和核酸酶掺杂组成的力触引发 SDPs 的开发。外部施加的皮牛顿力可选择性地暴露 DNA 交联中的酶切位点，导致聚合物快速自降解。我们描述了 DNA 交联水凝胶的合成、化学和力学表征，以及力触引发的水解动力学。 作为概念验证，我们还展示了聚合物在力触发和时间依赖性下的流变变化以及封装纳米粒子的释放。最后，我们表明自毁的动力学可以随着核酸酶浓度、孵育时间和 DNA 交联剂的动力学稳定性而调节。本文受版权保护。版权所有。

[176] Creatinine Imprinted Photonic Crystals Hydrogel Sensor Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2023, 16(6): 10. There is a demand for simple, selective, and efficient assays for the determination of clinically important metabolites such as creatinine for healthcare. Creatinine is the by-product of muscle energy metabolism and is excreted by the kidneys. To measure creatinine in the human serum, a creatinine imprinted photonic crystal hydrogel (CIPC hydrogel) for naked-eye detection is developed. CIPC hydrogel utilizes polystyrene-based two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal colloidal arrays (PCs-array) embedded in the polyacrylamide hydrogel containing methacrylic acid which imprinted the creatinine template. The nanocavities in the hydrogel produced after the removal of the template bind to and recognize creatinine in the serum samples. The binding is selective and specific for creatinine. The binding is observed as shrinkage of the hydrogel volume and a decrease in the particle spacing which is monitored through changes in the Debye diffraction ring diameter and a visible blue-green to blue color shift. The binding event and the mechanism are investigated by molecular dockings. The CIPC sensor demonstrates a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.45 +/- 1.6 mM, a linear detection range (25-500 mM), and recovery from 85.6 % to 99.9 % in the serum samples. CIPC hydrogel is available for the rapid and quantitative onsite detection of creatinine in the human serum sample. (c) 2023 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
[176] 创氨酸印迹光子晶体水凝胶传感器 阿拉伯化学杂志，2023，16(6): 10. 对于医疗保健中确定临床重要代谢物（如肌酐）的需求，存在简单、选择性和高效的检测方法。肌酐是肌肉能量代谢的副产品，由肾脏排泄。为了测量人血清中的肌酐，开发了一种用于肉眼检测的肌酐印迹光子晶体水凝胶（CIPC 水凝胶）。CIPC 水凝胶利用嵌入聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶中的基于聚苯乙烯的二维（2D）光子晶体胶体阵列（PCs-array），其中含有印迹肌酐模板的甲基丙烯酸。在去除模板后产生的凝胶中的纳米空腔与血清样本中的肌酐结合并识别肌酐。结合是针对肌酐的选择性和特异性。结合表现为水凝胶体积的收缩和粒子间距的减少，这通过德拜衍射环直径的变化和可见的蓝绿色到蓝色的颜色变化来监测。结合事件和机制通过分子对接进行研究。 CIPC 传感器表现出 2.45 +/- 1.6 mM 的检测限（LOD）、25-500 mM 的线性检测范围，以及血清样本中从 85.6%到 99.9%的回收率。CIPC 水凝胶可用于人类血清样本中肌酐的快速和定量现场检测。（c）2023 由爱思唯尔 B.V.代表沙特国王大学出版。这是一篇开放获取文章，根据 CC BY-NC-ND 许可（http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/）。

[177] Salting-out Effect Realizing High-Strength and Dendrite-Inhibiting Cellulose Hydrogel Electrolyte for Durable Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2023, 15(38): 44974-44983. Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are limited by poor Zn stripping/plating reversibility. Not only can hydrogel electrolytes address this issue, but also they are suitable for constructing flexible batteries. However, there exists a contradiction between the mechanical strength and the ionic conductivity for hydrogel electrolytes. Herein, high-concentration kosmotropic ions are introduced into the cellulose hydrogel electrolyte to take advantage of the salting-out effect. This can significantly improve both the mechanical strength and ionic conductivity. Additionally, the obtained cellulose hydrogel electrolyte (denoted as Con-CMC) has strong adhesion, a wide electrochemical stability window, and good water retaining ability. The Con-CMC is also found to accelerate the desolvation process, improve Zn deposition kinetics, promote Zn deposition along the (002) plane, and suppress parasitic reactions. Accordingly, the Zn/Zn cell with Con-CMC demonstrates dendrite-free behavior with prolonged lifespan and can endure extremely large areal capacity of 25 mAh cm(-2). The Con-CMC also enables a large average Coulombic efficiency of 99.54% over 500 cycles for the Zn/Cu cell. Furthermore, the assembled pouch-type Zn/polyaniline full battery provides great rate capability, superior cyclability (even with limited Zn anode excess), a slow self-discharge rate, and outstanding affordability to external forces. Overall, this work extends our knowledge of the rational design of hydrogel electrolytes.
[177] 盐析效应实现高强度和枝晶抑制型纤维素水凝胶电解质，用于耐久水性锌离子电池，ACS 应用材料与界面，2023，15(38)：44974-44983。水性锌离子电池受限于 Zn 剥离/镀层可逆性差。不仅水凝胶电解质可以解决这个问题，而且它们还适合构建柔性电池。然而，水凝胶电解质的机械强度和离子电导率之间存在矛盾。在此，将高浓度 kosmotropic 离子引入纤维素水凝胶电解质，利用盐析效应。这可以显著提高机械强度和离子电导率。此外，获得的纤维素水凝胶电解质（记为 Con-CMC）具有强粘附性、宽电化学稳定窗口和良好的保水能力。Con-CMC 还被发现可以加速脱溶剂化过程，改善 Zn 沉积动力学，促进 Zn 沿(002)平面沉积，并抑制寄生反应。 因此，具有 Con-CMC 的 Zn/Zn 电池表现出无枝晶行为，具有较长的使用寿命，并且能够承受高达 25 mAh cm(-2)的极大比容量。Con-CMC 还使 Zn/Cu 电池在 500 个循环内实现了 99.54%的大平均库仑效率。此外，组装的软包型 Zn/聚苯胺全电池具有优异的倍率性能、优异的循环性能（即使在有限的 Zn 阳极过量情况下）、缓慢的自放电速率以及出色的抗外部力能力。总的来说，这项工作扩展了我们对水凝胶电解质理性设计的认识。

[178] Water-Assisted Strong Underwater Adhesion Via Interfacial Water Removal and Self-Adaptive Gelation Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2023, 120(31): e2301364120. In nearly all cases of underwater adhesion, water molecules typically act as a destroyer. Thus, removing interfacial water from the substrate surfaces is essential for forming super-strong underwater adhesion. However, current methods mainly rely on physical means to dislodge interfacial water, such as absorption, hydrophobic repulsion, or extrusion, which are inefficient in removing obstinate hydrated water at contact interface, resulting in poor adhesion. Herein, we present a unique means of reversing the role of water to assist in realizing a self-strengthening liquid underwater adhesive (SLU-adhesive) that can effectively remove water at contact interface. This is achieved through multiscale physical-chemical coupling methods across millimeter to molecular levels and self-adaptive strengthening of the cohesion during underwater operations. As a result, strong adhesion over 1,600 kPa (compared to similar to 100 to 1,000 kPa in current state of the art) can be achieved on various materials, including inorganic metal and organic plastic materials, without preloading in different environments such as pure water, a wide range of pH solutions (pH = 3 to 11), and seawater. Intriguingly, SLU-adhesive/ photothermal nanoparticles (carbon nanotubes) hybrid materials can significantly reduce the time required for complete curing from 24 h to 40 min using near-infrared laser radiation due to unique thermal-response of the chemical reaction rate. The excellent adhesion property and self-adaptive adhesion procedure allow SLU-adhesive materials to demonstrate great potential for broad applications in underwater sand stabilization, underwater repair, and even adhesion failure detection as a self-reporting adhesive. This concept of "water helper" has potential to advance underwater adhesion and manufacturing strategies.
[178] 通过界面水去除和自适应性凝胶化实现的水辅助强水下粘附——美国国家科学院院刊，2023，120(31)：e2301364120。在几乎所有水下粘附的情况下，水分子通常充当破坏者。因此，从基底表面去除界面水对于形成超强水下粘附至关重要。然而，目前的方法主要依赖于物理手段去除界面水，如吸收、疏水排斥或挤出，这些方法在去除接触界面上的顽固水合水方面效率低下，导致粘附性差。在此，我们提出了一种独特的方法，通过逆转水的作用，协助实现一种自增强液体水下粘合剂（SLU-粘合剂），能够有效地去除接触界面的水。这是通过毫米到分子级别的多尺度物理化学耦合方法和在水下操作期间的自适应性增强粘合力来实现的。 因此，在各种材料上，包括无机金属和有机塑料材料，可以实现超过 1,600 kPa 的强粘附力（与当前最先进技术的 100 至 1,000 kPa 相比），无需在不同环境（如纯水、pH 值范围为 3 至 11 的广泛 pH 溶液和海水）中预加载。有趣的是，SLU-粘合剂/光热纳米颗粒（碳纳米管）混合材料可以利用化学反应速率的独特热响应，通过近红外激光辐射将完全固化所需时间从 24 小时缩短至 40 分钟。优异的粘附性能和自适应粘附过程使得 SLU-粘合剂材料在水下沙稳定、水下修复甚至作为自报告粘合剂进行粘附失效检测等方面展现出巨大的应用潜力。这种“水助手”的概念有望推进水下粘合和制造策略。

[179] Soft Electronics for Health Monitoring Assisted by Machine Learning Nano-Micro Letters, 2023, 15(1): 66. Due to the development of the novel materials, the past two decades have witnessed the rapid advances of soft electronics. The soft electronics have huge potential in the physical sign monitoring and health care. One of the important advantages of soft electronics is forming good interface with skin, which can increase the user scale and improve the signal quality. Therefore, it is easy to build the specific dataset, which is important to improve the performance of machine learning algorithm. At the same time, with the assistance of machine learning algorithm, the soft electronics have become more and more intelligent to realize real-time analysis and diagnosis. The soft electronics and machining learning algorithms complement each other very well. It is indubitable that the soft electronics will bring us to a healthier and more intelligent world in the near future. Therefore, in this review, we will give a careful introduction about the new soft material, physiological signal detected by soft devices, and the soft devices assisted by machine learning algorithm. Some soft materials will be discussed such as two-dimensional material, carbon nanotube, nanowire, nanomesh, and hydrogel. Then, soft sensors will be discussed according to the physiological signal types (pulse, respiration, human motion, intraocular pressure, phonation, etc.). After that, the soft electronics assisted by various algorithms will be reviewed, including some classical algorithms and powerful neural network algorithms. Especially, the soft device assisted by neural network will be introduced carefully. Finally, the outlook, challenge, and conclusion of soft system powered by machine learning algorithm will be discussed.
[179] 基于机器学习的健康监测软电子学纳米微信函，2023，15(1): 66。由于新型材料的发展，过去二十年见证了软电子学的快速发展。软电子学在物理信号监测和医疗保健方面具有巨大潜力。软电子学的一个重要优点是能够与皮肤形成良好的界面，这可以增加用户规模并提高信号质量。因此，构建特定的数据集变得容易，这对于提高机器学习算法的性能至关重要。同时，在机器学习算法的辅助下，软电子学变得越来越智能，能够实现实时分析和诊断。软电子学与机器学习算法相得益彰。毫无疑问，软电子学将使我们迈向一个更健康、更智能的世界。因此，在本综述中，我们将仔细介绍新型软材料、软设备检测的生理信号以及由机器学习算法辅助的软设备。 一些软性材料将被讨论，例如二维材料、碳纳米管、纳米线、纳米网和水凝胶。然后，将根据生理信号类型（脉搏、呼吸、人体运动、眼内压、发音等）讨论软传感器。之后，将回顾由各种算法辅助的软电子技术，包括一些经典算法和强大的神经网络算法。特别是，将仔细介绍由神经网络辅助的软设备。最后，将讨论由机器学习算法驱动的软系统的前景、挑战和结论。

[180] Hydration Activates Dual-Confined Shape-Memory Effects of Cold-Reprogrammable Photonic Crystals Advanced Materials, 2023, 35(16): e2210753. Shape-memory photonic crystals (SMPCs) transform the nanoscale deformation of copolymers into structural color through an undifferentiated response to stimuli; however, activatable selective responses are extremely rare. Herein, activatable dual confined shape-memory effects (CSMEs) derived from the remodeling of the interchain hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) in cold-programmable SMPCs are revealed. The first level is the water-triggered reconstruction of interchain H-bonds, which can activate/lock the collapsed skeleton, showing shape recovery/retention in response to ethanol vapor. The second level is the pressure-induced reorganization of interchain H-bonds that results in the recovered skeleton being locked even when exposed to ethanol vapor or water, while the background porous structure can switch between collapse and recovery. Dual CSMEs result from the Laplace pressure difference and the binding effect of interchain H-bonds in the skeleton according to insights of swelling, in situ deformation tracking, multidimensional infrared spectra, and water wetting/evaporation simulations. The signal interference, source code extraction, and color enhancement of structurally colored patterns can be implemented using CSMEs. This work opens up a new method for fabricating activatable responsive structural color and contributes to the expansion of nanophotonic technology in water printing, erasable watermarks, signal amplifiers, and information coding.
[180] 水合激活冷可编程光子晶体的双限域形状记忆效应 高分子材料科学，2023，35(16)：e2210753。形状记忆光子晶体（SMPCs）通过无差别的响应将共聚物的纳米级变形转化为结构色；然而，可激活的选择性响应极为罕见。在此，通过冷可编程 SMPCs 中链间氢键（H 键）的重构，揭示了可激活的双限域形状记忆效应（CSMEs）。第一级是水触发的链间 H 键的重构，可以激活/锁定坍塌的骨架，在乙醇蒸汽的响应下表现出形状恢复/保留。第二级是压力诱导的链间 H 键的重组织，导致即使在暴露于乙醇蒸汽或水的情况下，恢复的骨架也会被锁定，而背景多孔结构可以在坍塌和恢复之间切换。 双重 CSMEs 源于 Laplace 压力差和骨架中链间氢键的缔合效应，这是基于膨胀、原位变形跟踪、多维红外光谱和水润湿/蒸发模拟的见解。可以使用 CSMEs 实现结构色图案的信号干扰、源代码提取和颜色增强。这项工作为可激活响应性结构色的制造开辟了新方法，并有助于纳米光子技术在水打印、可擦除水印、信号放大和信息编码方面的扩展。

[181] Soft Optomechanical Systems for Sensing, Modulation, and Actuation Advanced Functional Materials, 2023, 33(14).
[181] 用于传感、调制和驱动的高级功能材料，2023，33(14)。

[182] Bioinspired Photonic Materials from Cellulose: Fabrication, Optical Analysis, and Applications Accounts of Materials Research, 2023, 4(6): 522-535. Conspectus Polysaccharides are a classof biopolymers that are widely exploitedin living organisms for a diversity of applications, ranging fromstructural reinforcement to energy storage. Among the numerous typesof polysaccharides found in the natural world, cellulose is the mostabundant and widespread, as it is found in virtually all plants. Celluloseis typically organized into nanoscale crystalline fibrils within thecell wall to give structural integrity to plant tissue. However, inseveral species, such fibrils are organized into helicoidal nanostructureswith a periodicity comparable to visible light (i.e., in the range250-450 nm), resulting in structural coloration. As such, whentaking bioinspiration as a design principle, it is clear that helicoidalcellulose architectures are a promising approach to developing sustainablephotonic materials. Different forms of cellulose-derived materialshave been shownto produce structural color by exploiting self-assembly processes.For example, crystalline nanoparticles of cellulose can be extractedfrom natural sources, such as cotton or wood, by strong acid hydrolysis.Such "cellulose nanocrystals" (CNCs) have been shownto form colloidal suspensions in water that can spontaneously self-organizeinto a cholesteric liquid crystal phase, mimicking the natural helicoidalarchitecture. Upon drying, this nanoscale ordering can be retainedinto the solid state, enabling the specific reflection of visiblelight. Using this approach, colors from across the entire visiblespectrum can be produced, alongside striking visual effects such asiridescence or a metallic shine. Similarly, polymeric cellulose derivativescan also organize into a cholesteric liquid crystal. In particular,edible hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) is known to produce colorfulmesophases at high concentrations in water (ca. 60-70 wt %).This solution state behavior allows for interesting visual effectssuch as mechanochromism (enabling its use in low-cost colorimetricpressure or strain sensors), while trapping the structure into thesolid state enables the production of structurally colored films,particles and 3D printed objects. In this article, we summarizethe state-of-the-art for CNC andHPC-based photonic materials, encompassing the underlying self-assemblyprocesses, strategies to design their photonic response, and currentapproaches to translate this burgeoning green technology toward commercialapplication in a wide range of sectors, from packaging to cosmeticsand food. This overview is supported by a summary of the analyticaltechniques required to characterize these photonic materials and approachesto model their optical response. Finally, we present several unresolvedscientific questions and outstanding technical challenges that thewider community should seek to address to develop these sustainablephotonic materials.
[182] 仿生纤维素光子材料：制备、光学分析与应用 材料研究进展，2023，4(6)：522-535. 概述多糖是一类生物聚合物，在生物体中被广泛用于各种应用，从结构强化到储能。在自然界中发现的众多多糖类型中，纤维素是最丰富和分布最广的，因为它几乎存在于所有植物中。纤维素通常在细胞壁中组织成纳米级结晶纤维，以赋予植物组织结构完整性。然而，在几种物种中，这种纤维被组织成与可见光周期性相当（即，在 250-450 nm 范围内）的螺旋状纳米结构，从而导致结构着色。因此，当以仿生学为设计原则时，螺旋状纤维素结构显然是开发可持续光子材料的一种有希望的途径。 纤维素衍生物的不同形式已被证明通过利用自组装过程产生结构色。例如，可以通过强酸水解从天然来源，如棉花或木材中提取纤维素结晶纳米颗粒。这种“纤维素纳米晶体”（CNCs）已被证明在水中形成胶体悬浮液，可以自发地组织成胆甾相液晶相，模仿天然螺旋状结构。在干燥过程中，这种纳米级有序结构可以保留在固态中，从而能够特定地反射可见光。使用这种方法，可以产生整个可见光谱的颜色，以及如彩虹或金属光泽等引人注目的视觉效果。同样，聚合物纤维素衍生物也可以组织成胆甾相液晶。特别是，食用羟丙基纤维素（HPC）在水中高浓度时（约 60-70 wt %）。这种溶液状态的行为允许产生有趣的视觉效果，如机械变色（使其可用于低成本的颜色计压力或应变传感器），同时将结构固定在固态中，可以生产结构着色薄膜、颗粒和 3D 打印物体。在本文中，我们总结了基于 CNC 和 HPC 的纳米光子材料的最新技术，包括其背后的自组装过程、设计其光子响应的策略以及将这种新兴的绿色技术转化为广泛行业商业应用的当前方法，从包装到化妆品和食品。本概述得到了对表征这些光子材料所需的解析技术及其光学响应建模方法的总结。最后，我们提出了几个尚未解决的科学问题和突出的技术挑战，更广泛的社区应寻求解决这些问题以开发这些可持续光子材料。

[183] Whole-Body Vibration in the Mining Industry: A Systematic Review of Assessment Methods Mining Metallurgy & Exploration, 2023, 40(1): 191-210. Exposure to whole-body vibration has been recognised as an occupational hazard in the mining industry, especially in the operations of earthmoving equipment. Managing whole-body vibration exposures requires periodic measurement of exposure levels to identify priority areas for implementing controls. However, due to different approaches to collecting exposure values, significant variabilities lie in the results. This systematic review is the first attempt to analyse whole-body assessment methods in the mining industry. The aim was to identify how whole-body vibration has been assessed, including the sources of variabilities to improve future research. The PRISMA methodology was adopted for the review and a total of 152 peer-reviewed journal articles were identified. However, only 24 were included in the review, following the application of some inclusion criteria. Descriptive and thematic analyses were performed on the 24 selected articles. Results indicate that whole-body vibration has been assessed as a function of either equipment characteristics, activity undertaken, operator characteristics, measurement approach or the assessment standards. Due to the multifactorial and dynamic nature of whole-body vibration exposures, the variabilities in results are due to the interrelationships between the risk factors of whole-body vibration and the differences in the sample sizes. To identify the sources of variabilities, a comprehensive assessment of all the risk factors, including equipment characteristics, road conditions, operator characteristics, and activity undertaken, is highly warranted. Finally, research gaps and directions for future research have also been discussed.
[183] 矿业全身体振动：评估方法系统综述 矿业冶金与勘探，2023，40(1): 191-210。在矿业中，接触全身体振动已被认定为一种职业危害，尤其是在土方作业设备操作中。管理全身体振动暴露需要定期测量暴露水平，以确定实施控制的优先领域。然而，由于收集暴露值的方法不同，结果存在显著差异。本系统综述是首次尝试分析矿业中的全身体振动评估方法。目标是确定如何评估全身体振动，包括变异性的来源，以改进未来的研究。采用了 PRISMA 方法进行综述，并确定了 152 篇同行评审的期刊文章。然而，只有 24 篇符合某些纳入标准，被纳入综述。对这 24 篇选定的文章进行了描述性和主题分析。 结果表明，全身振动已被评估为与设备特性、活动、操作员特性、测量方法或评估标准有关。由于全身振动暴露的多因素和动态特性，结果的可变性源于全身振动风险因素之间的相互关系以及样本量差异。为了确定可变性的来源，对包括设备特性、道路条件、操作员特性和活动在内的所有风险因素进行全面评估是非常必要的。最后，还讨论了研究空白和未来研究方向。

[184] Design, Characterization and Applications of Nanocolloidal Hydrogels Chemical Society Reviews, 2023, 52(15): 5317-5339. Nanocolloidal gels (NCGs) are an emerging class of soft matter, in which nanoparticles act as building blocks of the colloidal network. Chemical or physical crosslinking enables NCG synthesis and assembly from a broad range of nanoparticles, polymers, and low-molecular weight molecules. The synergistic properties of NCGs are governed by nanoparticle composition, dimensions and shape, the mechanism of nanoparticle bonding, and the NCG architecture, as well as the nature of molecular crosslinkers. Nanocolloidal gels find applications in soft robotics, bioengineering, optically active coatings and sensors, optoelectronic devices, and absorbents. This review summarizes currently scattered aspects of NCG formation, properties, characterization, and applications. We describe the diversity of NCG building blocks, discuss the mechanisms of NCG formation, review characterization techniques, outline NCG fabrication and processing methods, and highlight most common NCG applications. The review is concluded with the discussion of perspectives in the design and development of NCGs.
纳米胶体水凝胶的设计、表征与应用 化学学会评论，2023，52(15)：5317-5339。纳米胶体凝胶（NCGs）是一类新兴的软物质，其中纳米颗粒作为胶体网络的构建块。化学或物理交联使得 NCG 可以从广泛的纳米颗粒、聚合物和低分子量分子中合成和组装。NCGs 的协同性质受纳米颗粒组成、尺寸和形状、纳米颗粒键合机制、NCG 结构以及分子交联剂性质的影响。纳米胶体凝胶在软体机器人、生物工程、光学活性涂层和传感器、光电子器件和吸附剂等领域有应用。本综述总结了 NCG 形成、性质、表征和应用方面的分散内容。我们描述了 NCG 构建块的多样性，讨论了 NCG 形成机制，回顾了表征技术，概述了 NCG 制造和加工方法，并突出了最常见的 NCG 应用。 该综述以讨论 NCGs 的设计和开发视角结束。

[185] Pick and Place Process for Uniform Shrinking of 3d Printed Micro- and Nano-Architected Materials Nature Communications, 2023, 14(1): 5876. Two-photon polymerization lithography is promising for producing three-dimensional structures with user-defined micro- and nanoscale features. Additionally, shrinkage by thermolysis can readily shorten the lattice constant of three-dimensional photonic crystals and enhance their resolution and mechanical properties; however, this technique suffers from non-uniform shrinkage owing to substrate pinning during heating. Here, we develop a simple method using poly(vinyl alcohol)-assisted uniform shrinking of three-dimensional printed structures. Microscopic three-dimensional printed objects are picked and placed onto a receiving substrate, followed by heating to induce shrinkage. We show the successful uniform heat-shrinking of three-dimensional prints with various shapes and sizes, without sacrificial support structures, and observe that the surface properties of the receiving substrate are important factors for uniform shrinking. Moreover, we print a three-dimensional mascot model that is then uniformly shrunk, producing vivid colors from colorless woodpile photonic crystals. The proposed method has significant potential for application in mechanics, optics, and photonics. Three-dimensional structures with micro-/nanoscale features can be produced by two-photon polymerization lithography but suffering from a non-uniform shrinkage. Here, the authors report a poly(vinyl alcohol)-assisted pick-and-place process to uniformly heat shrink three-dimensional micro-/nano-architected materials printed by two-photon polymerization lithography.
[185] 用于均匀收缩 3D 打印微纳米结构材料的拾取和放置工艺，《自然·通讯》，2023，14(1)：5876。双光子聚合光刻技术在生产具有用户定义的微纳米级特征的立体结构方面具有前景。此外，通过热解收缩可以轻易缩短三维光子晶体的晶格常数，提高其分辨率和机械性能；然而，由于加热过程中的基底锚定，该技术存在收缩不均匀的问题。在这里，我们开发了一种使用聚乙烯醇辅助的均匀收缩三维打印结构的方法。将微观三维打印物体拾取并放置在接收基板上，然后加热以诱导收缩。我们展示了具有各种形状和大小的三维打印的成功均匀热收缩，无需牺牲支撑结构，并观察到接收基板表面的性质是均匀收缩的重要因素。 此外，我们打印了一个三维吉祥物模型，然后将其均匀缩小，从无色的木堆光子晶体中产生鲜艳的色彩。该方法在力学、光学和光子学领域具有显著的应用潜力。通过双光子聚合光刻技术可以生产具有微/纳米级特征的三维结构，但会遭受非均匀收缩。在这里，作者们报告了一种聚乙烯醇辅助的拾取和放置过程，以均匀加热收缩通过双光子聚合光刻技术打印的三维微/纳米结构材料。

[186] Exploiting the Thermotropic Behavior of Hydroxypropyl Cellulose to Produce Edible Photonic Pigments Advanced Sustainable Systems, 2023, 7(4). Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) is a widely commercialized cellulose derivative. While it is typically used as a binder or stabilizer for foods and pharmaceuticals, it can also form a cholesteric liquid crystal in aqueous solution. Moreover, at high HPC concentrations this lyotropic and thermotropic mesophase is known to reflect structural color. However, it remains a challenge to retain this vibrant coloration into the solid state. Herein, by combining the emulsification of a HPC mesophase with drying at elevated temperature, solid microparticles are produced that can reflect color across the visible spectrum, from blue to green and red. This method provides a facile and scalable pathway to fabricate structurally colored, edible pigments, which can displace existing synthetic additives used in a wide range of foods and cosmetics.
利用羟丙基纤维素的热致相行为制备可食用光子颜料 高级可持续系统，2023，7(4)。羟丙基纤维素（HPC）是一种广泛商业化的纤维素衍生物。虽然它通常用作食品和药品的粘合剂或稳定剂，但它也可以在水中形成胆甾相液晶。此外，在高 HPC 浓度下，这种液晶态相已知可以反射结构色。然而，将这种鲜艳的颜色保留到固态仍然是一个挑战。在此，通过结合 HPC 液晶相的乳化与高温干燥，制备出可以反射从蓝色到绿色和红色的可见光谱颜色的固体微颗粒。这种方法提供了一种简便且可扩展的途径来制造结构色、可食用颜料，可以取代广泛用于食品和化妆品中的现有合成添加剂。

[187] Photonic Crystal Induced Multi-Color Luminescence of One Aiegen and Its Dual-Mode Anticounterfeiting Application Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 458: 141530-141537. The aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) have attracted extensive attention and have been rapidly applied in various fields, such as optical sensors, display, and bioimaging. Usually, AIEgens present a broad-band emission and are potential to obtain multi-color luminescence by separating and filtering partial emission ranges, which will make one AIEgen emit different colors. Here, photonic crystal (PC) structures are employed as tunable filters to construct AIEgens-embedded luminescent PCs (LPCs) with variable color outputs. The designed LPC structure consists of polystyrene (PS) spheres and TVP AIEgens. By matching the photonic band gaps (PBG) of PCs with the emission band of AIEgens, the full width at half maximum can be reduced and the emission wavelength becomes tunable. Based on the changeable PBGs of PCs which can be controlled by the lattice constant, the TVP AIEgens are combined with PCs built by PS spheres with diameters of 230, 254, and 273 nm to fabricate LPCs. As a result, red, green, and yellow emission colors were realized respectively under the same viewing angle (0 degrees). Moreover, owing to the angle-dependence of PBG, the emission color of a single LPC (D = 260 nm) displayed green, yellow, red, and orange emission colors at different viewing angles (0 degrees -60 degrees). The modulation effect of PCs provides the same AIE molecule with tunable luminescence. Besides the tunable emission colors, the LPCs also show bright angle-dependent structural colors under natural light. The tunable emission and reflected structural colors provide LPCs with great potential in the fields of display, information encryption, and anti-counterfeiting.
[187] 光子晶体诱导单 Aiegen 的多色发光及其双模防伪应用 化学工程学报，2023，458：141530-141537。聚集诱导发光发光体（AIEgens）引起了广泛关注，并迅速应用于各个领域，如光学传感器、显示和生物成像。通常，AIEgens 表现出宽带发射，并通过分离和过滤部分发射范围，具有获得多色发光的潜力，这将使一个 AIEgen 发出不同颜色。在这里，采用光子晶体（PC）结构作为可调谐滤波器，构建具有可变颜色输出的 AIEgens 嵌入发光体（LPCs）。设计的 LPC 结构由聚苯乙烯（PS）球和 TVP AIEgens 组成。通过将 PC 的光子带隙（PBG）与 AIEgens 的发射带匹配，半最大全宽可以减小，发射波长变得可调。基于可变 PBG 的 PC，其可以通过晶格常数进行控制，将 TVP AIEgens 与直径为 230、254 和 273 nm 的 PS 球构建的 PC 结合，以制造 LPCs。 因此，在相同视角（0 度）下分别实现了红色、绿色和黄色的发射颜色。此外，由于 PBG 的角度依赖性，单个 LPC（D = 260 nm）在不同视角（0 度至-60 度）下显示出绿色、黄色、红色和橙色发射颜色。PCs 的调制效应为同一 AIE 分子提供了可调的发光。除了可调发射颜色外，LPCs 在自然光下还显示出明亮的、角度依赖的结构颜色。可调发射和反射结构颜色为 LPCs 在显示、信息加密和防伪领域的应用提供了巨大潜力。

[188] Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors Nano-Micro Letters, 2023, 15(1): 136. Breathing is an inherent human activity; however, the composition of the air we inhale and gas exhale remains unknown to us. To address this, wearable vapor sensors can help people monitor air composition in real time to avoid underlying risks, and for the early detection and treatment of diseases for home healthcare. Hydrogels with three-dimensional polymer networks and large amounts of water molecules are naturally flexible and stretchable. Functionalized hydrogels are intrinsically conductive, self-healing, self-adhesive, biocompatible, and room-temperature sensitive. Compared with traditional rigid vapor sensors, hydrogel-based gas and humidity sensors can directly fit human skin or clothing, and are more suitable for real-time monitoring of personal health and safety. In this review, current studies on hydrogel-based vapor sensors are investigated. The required properties and optimization methods of wearable hydrogel-based sensors are introduced. Subsequently, existing reports on the response mechanisms of hydrogel-based gas and humidity sensors are summarized. Related works on hydrogel-based vapor sensors for their application in personal health and safety monitoring are presented. Moreover, the potential of hydrogels in the field of vapor sensing is elucidated. Finally, the current research status, challenges, and future trends of hydrogel gas/humidity sensing are discussed.
[188] 基于功能化水凝胶的穿戴式气体和湿度传感器 纳米微流信函，2023，15(1)：136。呼吸是人类固有的活动；然而，我们吸入的空气成分和呼出的气体成分对我们来说仍然未知。为了解决这个问题，可穿戴蒸汽传感器可以帮助人们实时监测空气成分，以避免潜在风险，并用于家庭医疗保健的疾病的早期检测和治疗。具有三维聚合物网络和大量水分子的水凝胶天然具有柔韧性和可拉伸性。功能化水凝胶本质上是导电的、自修复的、自粘附的、生物相容的，并且对室温敏感。与传统刚性蒸汽传感器相比，基于水凝胶的气体和湿度传感器可以直接贴合人体皮肤或衣物，更适合于个人健康和安全的实时监测。在本综述中，研究了基于水凝胶的蒸汽传感器的当前研究。介绍了可穿戴水凝胶传感器所需性能和优化方法。随后，总结了现有关于基于水凝胶的气体和湿度传感器响应机制的报道。 液凝胶基蒸汽传感器在个人健康和安全监测中的应用的相关研究工作被提出。此外，液凝胶在蒸汽传感领域的潜力得到了阐述。最后，讨论了液凝胶气/湿度传感的当前研究状况、挑战和未来趋势。

[189] Application of Poly (Dimethyl Diallyl Ammonium Chloride)−Reinforced Multifunctional Poly (Vinyl Alcohol)/ Polyaniline Hydrogels as Flexible Sensor Materials Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 193.
[189] 聚（二甲基二烯丙基铵氯化物）-增强多功能聚（乙烯醇）/聚苯胺水凝胶作为柔性传感器材料的应用，生物化学工程杂志，2023，193。

[190] Double-Network Hydrogel-Based Photonic Crystal Sensor for Mechanical Force Naked Eye Sensing and Its Application in Medical Compressive or Stretchy Instruments ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2023, 15(1): 2192-2203. Herein, we coalesced a poly(acrylamide-co-N- Acryloyl phenylalanine)/polyacrylamide double-network (P(AM-co-APA)/PAM DN) hydrogel with a photonic crystal array, fabricating a mechanochromic sensor for application in flexible medical instruments by naked eye monitoring. The intensified mechanical properties of the DN hydrogel were proved by the mechanical property tests, which are attributed to the interactions of chemical bonds and hydrogen bonds between the two polymer networks. In the range of stress from 0 to 328 kPa, the reflected light wavelength of this sensor changed from 659 to 480 nm and the color changed from red to blue in response; in the range of pressure from 0 to 85 kPa, the sensor exhibited a spectrum changing from 658 nm to 467 nm, covering almost the whole visible color range. The prepared sensor was incorporated into medical instruments including the femoral artery hemostat and bandage to indicate pressure and tensile stress in practical applications. Within the appropriate pressure for wound recovery, the sensitivity and correlation between the external stimulus of pressure and wavelength of this integrated sensor were 5.58 nm center dot kPa-1 and over 0.99, respectively. Ultimately, the sensor proved to be tough, sensitive, and durable, showing a broad prospect of a series of future applications.
[190] 双网络水凝胶基光子晶体传感器用于裸眼机械力传感及其在医疗压缩或可伸缩仪器中的应用 ACS 应用材料与界面，2023，15(1): 2192-2203。在此，我们将聚（丙烯酰胺-共-N-丙烯酰苯丙氨酸）/聚丙烯酰胺双网络（P(AM-co-APA)/PAM DN）水凝胶与光子晶体阵列结合，通过裸眼监测制造了一种用于柔性医疗仪器的机械色变传感器。通过机械性能测试证明了 DN 水凝胶的增强机械性能，这归因于两种聚合物网络之间化学键和氢键的相互作用。在 0 至 328 kPa 的应力范围内，该传感器的反射光波长从 659 nm 变为 480 nm，颜色从红色变为蓝色；在 0 至 85 kPa 的压力范围内，传感器表现出从 658 nm 到 467 nm 的光谱变化，几乎覆盖了整个可见光范围。 预制的传感器被集成到医疗仪器中，包括股动脉止血器和绷带，以在实际应用中指示压力和拉伸应力。在伤口恢复的适当压力范围内，该集成传感器的压力外部刺激与波长的灵敏度和相关性分别为 5.58 nm·kPa-1 和超过 0.99。最终，该传感器被证明是坚固、灵敏和耐用的，显示出在一系列未来应用中的广阔前景。

[191] Aloe Inspired Special Structure Hydrogel Pressure Sensor for Real‐Time Human‐Computer Interaction and Muscle Rehabilitation System Advanced Functional Materials, 2023, 33(50).
[191] 基于芦荟灵感的特殊结构水凝胶压力传感器，用于实时人机交互和肌肉康复系统，《先进功能材料》，2023，33(50)。

[192] Photonic Crystals with Rainbow Colors by Centrifugation-Assisted Assembly of Colloidal Lignin Nanoparticles Nature Communications, 2023, 14(1): 3099. Photonic crystals are optical materials that are often fabricated by assembly of particles into periodically arranged structures. However, assembly of lignin nanoparticles has been limited due to lacking methods and incomplete understanding of the interparticle forces and packing mechanisms. Here we show a centrifugation-assisted fabrication of photonic crystals with rainbow structural colors emitted from the structure covering the entire visible spectrum. Our results show that centrifugation is crucial for the formation of lignin photonic crystals, because assembly of lignin nanoparticles without centrifugation assistance leads to the formation of stripe patterns rather than photonic crystals. We further prove that the functions of centrifugation are to classify lignin nanoparticles according to their particle size and produce monodispersed particle layers that display gradient colors from red to violet. The different layers of lignin nanoparticles were assembled in a way that created semi-closed packing structures, which gave rise to coherent scattering. The diameter of the lignin nanoparticles in each color layer is smaller than that predicted by a modified Bragg's equation. In situ optical microscope images provided additional evidence on the importance of dynamic rearrangement of lignin nanoparticles during their assembly into semi-closed packing structures. The preparation of lignin nanoparticles combined with the methodology for their classification and assembly pave the way for sustainable photonic crystals. Photonic crystals are often prepared by assembly of particles into periodically arranged structures, but it is challenging to fabricate these materials using lignin nanoparticles. Here, the authors report the use of centrifugation to fabricate photonic crystals with rainbow structural colors.
[192] 通过离心辅助组装胶体木质素纳米粒子的彩虹色光子晶体《自然·通讯》，2023，14(1)：3099。光子晶体是一种通过将粒子组装成周期性排列结构的光学材料。然而，由于缺乏方法和对颗粒间作用力和堆积机制的不完全理解，木质素纳米粒子的组装受到了限制。在这里，我们展示了一种离心辅助的光子晶体制造方法，该光子晶体能够发射出覆盖整个可见光谱的彩虹结构色。我们的结果表明，离心对于木质素光子晶体的形成至关重要，因为没有离心辅助的木质素纳米粒子组装会导致形成条纹图案而不是光子晶体。我们进一步证明，离心的作用是根据颗粒大小对木质素纳米粒子进行分类，并产生从红色到紫色的渐变颜色的单分散粒子层。 木质素纳米粒子的不同层以创建半封闭堆积结构的方式组装，这导致了相干散射。每个颜色层中木质素纳米粒子的直径小于由修改后的布拉格方程预测的直径。原位光学显微镜图像提供了关于木质素纳米粒子在组装成半封闭堆积结构过程中动态重组重要性的额外证据。木质素纳米粒子的制备以及它们的分类和组装方法为可持续光子晶体的制备铺平了道路。光子晶体通常通过将粒子组装成周期性排列的结构来制备，但使用木质素纳米粒子制造这些材料具有挑战性。在这里，作者报告了使用离心法制备具有彩虹结构色彩的光子晶体。

[193] A Novel Dynamic Coating Medium for Single Stranded DNA Separation in Capillary Electrophoresis: Thermosensitive Hydrogel Nanoparticles Microchemical Journal, 2023, 191. Nowadays, research on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) requires a quick, effective and easy operation method to separate small ssDNA fragments from the organism and ssDNA production process to realize their application in gene therapy and drug diagnosis. Herein, a novel separation matrix of thermosensitive hydrogel nanoparticles (NPs) was proposed, which has been successfully applied to the isolation of biomacromolecules such as enzymes, peptides and proteins, based on the desirable properties of various monomers and advantages, such as high sieving capacity, tunability of hydrophilic and hydrophobic performance and non-toxicity. The flexible particles were prepared by precipitation polymerization method in aqueous solution while N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm), acrylic acid (AAc) and N-t-butyl acrylamide (TBAm) was performed as co-monomer, which were first used as the dynamic coating to separate small fragments of ssDNA in capillary electrophoresis (CE). The synthesized NPs were bound to the inner wall of the capillary through non-covalent interactions forming stable dynamic coating to affect the electroosmotic flow and improve the separation reproducibility of ssDNA fragments. Based on the formulation design of NPs and condition optimization of electrophoresis, the running buffer TG (25 mM Tris, 192 mM glycine, pH 8.3) was modified by 4 mg.mL(-1) optimized NPs aqueous suspension addition while its molar feed ratio of NIPAm /AAc /TBAm /BIS was 83/5/10/2 and particle size was about 214 nm. Both the formulation design and temperature sensitivity of hydrogel nanoparticles contributed to the DNA separation efficiency. The designed NPs with low viscosity provide an approach to increase their capability as the separation medium for small fragment DNA with important physiological functions great potential and promise.
[193] 一种新型毛细管电泳单链 DNA 分离动态涂层介质：温敏水凝胶纳米颗粒，微化学杂志，2023，191。如今，对单链 DNA（ssDNA）的研究需要一种快速、有效且易于操作的方法，以从生物体和 ssDNA 生产过程中分离小 ssDNA 片段，实现其在基因治疗和药物诊断中的应用。在此，提出了一种新型的温敏水凝胶纳米颗粒（NPs）分离基质，该基质已成功应用于酶、肽和蛋白质等生物大分子的分离，基于各种单体理想的性质和优势，如高筛分能力、亲水性和疏水性的可调性以及非毒性。这些柔性颗粒是通过水溶液中的沉淀聚合方法制备的，而 N-异丙基丙烯酰胺（NIPAm）、丙烯酸（AAc）和 N-叔丁基丙烯酰胺（TBAm）作为共单体，首次用作毛细管电泳（CE）中分离小 ssDNA 片段的动态涂层。 合成的 NPs 通过非共价相互作用与毛细血管内壁结合，形成稳定的动态涂层，从而影响电渗流并提高 ssDNA 片段的分离重复性。基于 NPs 的配方设计和电泳条件优化，通过添加 4 mg·mL(-1)优化的 NPs 水悬液对运行缓冲液 TG（25 mM Tris，192 mM 甘氨酸，pH 8.3）进行修改，其 NIPAm/AAc/TBAm/BIS 的摩尔比为 83/5/10/2，粒径约为 214 nm。水凝胶纳米粒子的配方设计和温度敏感性共同促进了 DNA 分离效率。设计的低粘度 NPs 提供了一种增加其作为具有重要生理功能的小片段 DNA 分离介质的能力的方法，具有巨大的潜力和前景。

[194] Bioinspired Gradient Structured Soft Actuators: From Fabrication to Application Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 461: 141966-141982. The gradient structure inherent in the biological system plays a key role in facilitating efficient and precise actuation. To date, bioinspired gradient structured soft actuators have a groundbreaking impact in many fields such as soft robotics, flexible electronics, and biomedical devices. Bioinspired gradient structured soft actuators overcome complex control of homogeneous actuators and delamination of bilayer actuators. Meanwhile, they can achieve integrated, smooth continuous changes, fast response actuation/recovery, and high robustness during frequent deformations under various external stimuli such as temperature, pH, NIR light, humidity and chemicals. In this review, we mainly focus on recent advances in bioinspired gradient structured soft actuators. First, we briefly present the synthetic materials of gradient structured soft actuators including hydrogels, carbonbased materials, shape memory polymers (SMPs), and liquid crystal polymers (LCPs). Then, we focus on summarizing and comparing five formation mechanisms of gradient structured soft actuators such as UV induction, electric/magnetic field induction, infiltration, wettability and 4D printing. Next, we introduce the representative applications of gradient structured soft actuators, such as smart grippers, bionic soft robots, on-off switches, and flexible electronics. Finally, we have a deep discussion on the existing challenges and future perspectives. The review provides guidance for the design of bioinspired gradient structured soft actuators, which would promote the further development of integrated advanced materials.
生物启发梯度结构软致动器：从制备到应用 化学工程学报，2023，461：141966-141982。生物系统中固有的梯度结构在促进高效精确的驱动中起着关键作用。迄今为止，生物启发梯度结构软致动器在软体机器人、柔性电子和生物医学设备等多个领域产生了突破性影响。生物启发梯度结构软致动器克服了均质致动器的复杂控制和双层致动器的分层问题。同时，它们能够在各种外部刺激（如温度、pH 值、近红外光、湿度和化学品）下频繁变形时实现集成、平滑的连续变化、快速响应驱动/恢复和高鲁棒性。在本综述中，我们主要关注生物启发梯度结构软致动器最近的研究进展。首先，我们简要介绍了梯度结构软致动器的合成材料，包括水凝胶、碳基材料、形状记忆聚合物（SMPs）和液晶聚合物（LCPs）。 然后，我们专注于总结和比较梯度结构软执行器如紫外诱导、电/磁场诱导、渗透、润湿性和 4D 打印等五种形成机制。接下来，我们介绍梯度结构软执行器的代表性应用，例如智能夹爪、仿生软体机器人、开关和柔性电子器件。最后，我们深入讨论现有挑战和未来展望。本综述为生物启发式梯度结构软执行器的设计提供了指导，这将促进集成先进材料的进一步发展。

[195] Hydrogels with Ultra-Highly Additive Adjustable Toughness under Quasi-Isochoric Conditions Materials Horizons, 2023, 10(3): 993-1004. Bioinspired smart hydrogels with additive-switchable mechanical properties have been attracting increasing attention in recent years. However, most existing hydrogel systems suffer from limited stiffening amplitude and dramatic volume change upon response to environmental triggers. Herein, we propose a novel strategy to prepare additive-responsive hydrogels with ultra-highly adjustable toughness under quasi-isochoric conditions. The key point lies in tuning the softening transition temperature of the hydrogels with non-covalent interactions between the polymer networks and additives, shifting the hydrogels from glassy to rubbery states. As a proof of concept, a variety of glassy hydrogels are prepared and exposed to additives to trigger responsive performances. Young's modulus of the same hydrogel demonstrates up to 36 000 times ultra-broad-range tunability, ranging from 0.0042 to 150 MPa in response to different additives. Meanwhile, negligible volume changes occur, keeping the hydrogels in quasi-isochoric conditions. Interestingly, the mechanical behaviors of the hydrogels manifest remarkable dependence on the additive type and concentration since both the Hofmeister effect and hydrophobicity of the additives play pivotal roles according to mechanism investigations. Furthermore, the regulation with additives reveals satisfactory reversibility and universality. Taken together, this simple and effective approach provides a novel strategy to fabricate hydrogels with highly tunable toughness for versatile applications, including spatially patterned conductive gels and anti-icing coatings.
[195] 在准等容条件下的超高可调韧性水凝胶材料展望，2023，10(3)：993-1004。近年来，具有可切换力学性能的生物启发智能水凝胶越来越受到关注。然而，大多数现有的水凝胶系统在响应环境触发剂时，都存在刚度幅度有限和体积变化剧烈的问题。在此，我们提出了一种新策略，在准等容条件下制备具有超高可调韧性的可添加性响应水凝胶。关键在于通过聚合物网络与添加剂之间的非共价相互作用调节水凝胶的软化转变温度，使水凝胶从玻璃态转变为橡胶态。作为一种概念验证，制备了多种玻璃态水凝胶并暴露于添加剂中以触发响应性能。同种水凝胶的杨氏模量表现出高达 36 000 倍的超宽范围可调性，从 0.0042 到 150 MPa，以响应不同的添加剂。同时，体积变化可忽略不计，保持水凝胶在准等容条件下。 有趣的是，水凝胶的机械行为对添加剂类型和浓度表现出显著的依赖性，因为根据机制研究，添加剂的霍夫迈斯特效应和水溶性都起着关键作用。此外，添加剂的调控显示出令人满意的可逆性和普适性。总的来说，这种方法简单有效，为制造具有高度可调韧性的水凝胶提供了一种新的策略，这些水凝胶可用于多种应用，包括空间图案化的导电凝胶和防冰涂层。

[196] Photo-Triggered Full-Color Circularly Polarized Luminescence Based on Photonic Capsules for Multilevel Information Encryption Nature Communications, 2023, 14(1): 3005. Materials with phototunable full-color circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) have a large storage density, high-security level, and enormous prospects in the field of information encryption and decryption. In this work, device-friendly solid films with color tunability are prepared by constructing Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) platforms with chiral donors and achiral molecular switches in liquid crystal photonic capsules (LCPCs). These LCPCs exhibit photoswitchable CPL from initial blue emission to RGB trichromatic signals under UV irradiation due to the synergistic effect of energy and chirality transfer and show strong time dependence because of the different FRET efficiencies at each time node. Based on these phototunable CPL and time response characteristics, the concept of multilevel data encryption by using LCPC films is demonstrated. Phototunable full-color circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) features large storage density which is important for the field of information encryption and decryption. Here, the authors present a device-friendly solid film with color-tunability by employing Forster resonance energy transfer among a chiral donor and achiral molecular switches in a liquid crystal photonic capsules.
[196] 基于光子胶囊的光触发光全色圆偏振发光用于多级信息加密 自然通讯，2023，14(1)：3005。具有光调谐全色圆偏振发光（CPL）的材料具有大存储密度、高安全级别，在信息加密和解密领域具有巨大前景。在这项工作中，通过在液晶光子胶囊（LCPCs）中构建具有手性供体和非手性分子开关的福斯特共振能量转移（FRET）平台，制备了具有颜色可调性的器件友好型固体薄膜。这些 LCPCs 在紫外照射下由于能量和手性转移的协同作用，从初始的蓝色发射到 RGB 三色信号表现出光开关圆偏振发光，并因每个时间节点的不同 FRET 效率而显示出强烈的时间依赖性。基于这些光调谐 CPL 和时间响应特性，展示了利用 LCPC 薄膜进行多级数据加密的概念。 光可调全色圆偏振发光（CPL）具有大存储密度，这对于信息加密和解密领域非常重要。在此，作者提出了一种对器件友好的固体薄膜，通过在液晶光子胶囊中采用手性供体和非手性分子开关之间的福斯特共振能量转移来实现颜色可调。

[197] Self-Healing Chameleon Skin Functioning in the Air Environments ACS Applied Polymer Materials, 2023, 5(1): 320-328. Chameleons are famous for their uncommon ability to change skin colors rapidly by tuning the lattice distance of guanine nanocrystals within the dermal iridophores. This mechanism has inspired various artificial photonic crystal (PC) films with tunable structural colors. However, the structural colors of most reported films are facile to be destroyed by external factors such as friction, impact, or water evaporation. Herein, an artificial intelligent skin, which has an elastomer-colloidal photonic crystal-hydrogel sandwich structure, is presented in this work. The outer modified polydimethylsiloxane layer acts as the cuticle to protect the hydrogel layer from water evaporation and endows the skin with self-healing ability. The inner hydrophilic hydrogel layer embedded with the colloidal photonic crystals acts as the dermis layer, and the polystyrene colloids layer plays the role of the guanine nanocrystals. A programmed color change can be easily controlled by varying the elongation of the artificial skin, covering the full visible spectrum range. Moreover, skin with patterned stripes, which is similar to the panther chameleon skin that can manipulate multiple colors, has also been achieved. The present artificial skin will offer fresh perspectives on the preparation of artificial chameleon skin similar to the real dynamic flexible skin, which would promote the application of PCs in optical devices.
[197] 空气环境中自修复变色龙皮肤功能 ACS 应用聚合物材料，2023，5(1)：320-328。变色龙因其能够通过调节真皮色素层中尿酸纳米晶体的晶格距离快速改变皮肤颜色而闻名。这种机制启发了各种可调结构色的人工光子晶体（PC）薄膜。然而，大多数报道的薄膜的结构色很容易被外部因素如摩擦、冲击或水蒸发破坏。在此，本研究提出了一种具有弹性体-胶体光子晶体-水凝胶三明治结构的人工智能皮肤。外层改性聚二甲基硅氧烷层作为表皮，保护水凝胶层免受水蒸发，并赋予皮肤自修复能力。内层亲水水凝胶层嵌入胶体光子晶体，作为真皮层，而聚苯乙烯胶体层则扮演尿酸纳米晶体的角色。通过改变人工皮肤的拉伸长度，可以轻松控制程序化的颜色变化，覆盖整个可见光谱范围。 此外，具有图案条纹的皮肤，类似于能够操纵多种颜色的豹变色龙皮肤，也已实现。本人工皮肤将为制备类似真实动态柔韧皮肤的仿变色龙皮肤提供新的视角，这将促进 PC 在光学设备中的应用。

[198] Achieving Tissue-Level Softness on Stretchable Electronics through a Generalizable Soft Interlayer Design Nature Communications, 2023, 14(1): 4488. Stretchable electronics are attractive for a range of biomedical applications, but are challenging to prepare with suitable mechanical properties. Here, the authors report the use of a soft interlayer that allows the development of stretchable electronics with tissue-like material properties. Soft and stretchable electronics have emerged as highly promising tools for biomedical diagnosis and biological studies, as they interface intimately with the human body and other biological systems. Most stretchable electronic materials and devices, however, still have Young's moduli orders of magnitude higher than soft bio-tissues, which limit their conformability and long-term biocompatibility. Here, we present a design strategy of soft interlayer for allowing the use of existing stretchable materials of relatively high moduli to versatilely realize stretchable devices with ultralow tissue-level moduli. We have demonstrated stretchable transistor arrays and active-matrix circuits with moduli below 10 kPa-over two orders of magnitude lower than the current state of the art. Benefiting from the increased conformability to irregular and dynamic surfaces, the ultrasoft device created with the soft interlayer design realizes electrophysiological recording on an isolated heart with high adaptability, spatial stability, and minimal influence on ventricle pressure. In vivo biocompatibility tests also demonstrate the benefit of suppressing foreign-body responses for long-term implantation. With its general applicability to diverse materials and devices, this soft-interlayer design overcomes the material-level limitation for imparting tissue-level softness to a variety of bioelectronic devices.
通过通用软层设计实现可拉伸电子器件的软组织级柔软度 自然通讯，2023，14(1)：4488。可拉伸电子器件在多种生物医学应用中具有吸引力，但制备具有适宜机械性能的器件具有挑战性。在这里，作者报告了使用软层，允许开发具有类似组织材料特性的可拉伸电子器件。柔软且可拉伸的电子器件已成为生物医学诊断和生物研究的高度有希望的工具，因为它们与人体和其他生物系统紧密接口。然而，大多数可拉伸电子材料和器件的杨氏模量比软生物组织高几个数量级，这限制了它们的顺应性和长期生物相容性。在这里，我们提出了一种软层设计策略，允许使用现有的高模量可拉伸材料，灵活地实现具有超低组织级模量的可拉伸器件。 我们已经展示了具有低于 10 kPa 模量的可拉伸晶体管阵列和有源矩阵电路——比当前技术水平低两个数量级。得益于对不规则和动态表面的更高适应性，采用软中间层设计的超软器件在隔离心脏上实现了具有高适应性、空间稳定性和对心室压力影响最小的电生理记录。体内生物相容性测试还证明了抑制异物反应以实现长期植入的优势。这种软中间层设计因其对多种材料和设备的通用适用性，克服了将组织级柔软性赋予各种生物电子设备的材料级限制。

[199] Diabetic Retinopathy in China: Epidemiology, Screening and Treatment Trends-a Review Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 2023, 51(6): 607-626. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of vision impairment in the global working-age population. In China, with one-third of the world's diabetes population estimated at 141 million, the blindness prevalence due to DR has increased significantly. The country's geographic variations in socioeconomic status have led to prominent disparities in DR prevalence, screening and management. Reported risk factors for DR in China include the classic ones, such as long diabetes duration, hyperglycaemia, hypertension and rural habitats. There is no national-level DR screening programme in China, but significant pilot efforts are underway for screening innovations. Novel agents with longer durations, noninvasive delivery or multi-target are undergoing clinical trials in China. Although optimised medical insurance policies have enhanced accessibility for expensive therapies like anti-VEGF drugs, further efforts in DR prevention and management in China are required to establish nationwide cost-effective screening programmes, including telemedicine and AI-based solutions, and to improve insurance coverage for related out-of-pocket expenses.
[199] 中国糖尿病视网膜病变：流行病学、筛查和治疗趋势综述 临床与实验眼科学，2023，51(6)：607-626。糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）是全球劳动年龄人群中视力障碍的主要原因。在中国，估计有世界三分之一糖尿病患者，约 1.41 亿人，由于 DR 导致的失明率显著增加。该国社会经济状况的地域差异导致了 DR 患病率、筛查和管理方面的显著差异。中国 DR 的报道风险因素包括经典的长期糖尿病病程、高血糖、高血压和农村居住地。中国没有国家层面的 DR 筛查计划，但正在进行重要的试点工作以创新筛查。具有更长持续时间、非侵入性递送或多靶点的创新药物正在中国进行临床试验。 尽管优化后的医疗保险政策提高了昂贵治疗如抗 VEGF 药物的可及性，但中国在 DR 预防和管理工作方面仍需进一步努力，以建立全国性的成本效益筛查计划，包括远程医疗和基于 AI 的解决方案，并提高相关自付费用的保险覆盖范围。

[200] Mechanochromic and Conductive Chiral Nematic Nanostructured Film for Bioinspired Ionic Skins ACS Nano, 2023, 17(13): 12829-12841. Chameleonskin is naturally adaptive and can sense environmentalchanges and transform sensing into bioelectrical and optical signalsby manipulating ion transduction and photonic nanostructures. Theincreasing interest in mimicking biological skins has considerablypromoted the development of advanced photonic materials with an increasingionic conductivity. Herein, we report the judicious design and fabricationof a bioinspired mechanochromic chiral nematic nanostructured filmwith good ionic conductivity by infiltrating fluorine-rich ionic liquids(FILs) into a swollen self-assembled cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) filmwith helical nanoarchitectures. Notably, the introduction of 2-hydroxyethylacrylate considerably enhances the compatibility of hydrophobic FILsand hydrophilic CNCs. The resulting FIL-CNC nanostructuredfilms exhibited excellent mechanochromism, good ionic conductivity,and outstanding optical/electrical dual-signal sensing performancewhen used as a bioinspired ionic skin for real-time monitoring ofhuman motions. Owing to the integration of FILs, the underwater stabilityof the chiral liquid crystal nanostructures of CNCs was significantlyenhanced. Notably, underwater contact/contactless sensing modes andencrypted information transmission have been achieved with the FIL-CNCnanostructured film. This study can offer great insights for the advancementof biomimetic multifunctional artificial skins and emerging interactivedevices, which can find important applications in wearable iontronics,human-machine interactions, and intelligent robots.
[200] 用于生物启发离子皮肤的机械变色导电手性液晶纳米结构薄膜 ACS Nano，2023，17（13）：12829-12841。变色龙皮肤具有自然适应性，能够感知环境变化，并通过操纵离子转导和光子纳米结构将感知转化为生物电和光信号。模拟生物皮肤的兴趣日益增加，极大地推动了具有不断提高的离子导电性的先进光子材料的发展。在此，我们报道了一种通过将富含氟的离子液体（FILs）渗入膨胀的自组装纤维素纳米晶体（CNC）薄膜（具有螺旋纳米结构）中，巧妙设计和制备的生物启发机械变色手性液晶纳米结构薄膜，具有良好的离子导电性。值得注意的是，引入 2-羟基乙基丙烯酸酯显著提高了疏水性 FILs 和亲水性 CNCs 的相容性。所得的 FIL-CNC 纳米结构薄膜在用作生物启发离子皮肤以实时监测人体运动时，表现出优异的机械变色性、良好的离子导电性和出色的光/电双信号传感性能。 由于 FILs 的整合，CNCs 的手性液晶纳米结构的水下稳定性显著增强。值得注意的是，利用 FIL-CNC 纳米结构薄膜实现了水下接触/非接触式传感模式和加密信息传输。本研究可以为仿生多功能人工皮肤和新兴交互式设备的进步提供重要见解，这些设备在可穿戴离子电子学、人机交互和智能机器人等领域具有重要的应用价值。

[201] Pressure/Temperature Dual‐Responsive Cellulose Nanocrystal Hydrogels for on‐Demand Schemochrome Patterning Advanced Functional Materials, 2023, 33(47): 2306208-2306217.
[201] 应需式显色图案化纤维素纳米晶体水凝胶，先进功能材料，2023，33(47)：2306208-2306217。

[202] Recent Advances in Photonic Crystal-Based Sensors Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 2023, 475: 214909-214939.
[202] 基于光子晶体传感器的最新进展，配位化学评论，2023，475：214909-214939。

[203] Anti‐Swelling, High‐Strength, Anisotropic Conductive Hydrogel with Excellent Biocompatibility for Implantable Electronic Tendon Advanced Functional Materials, 2023, 34(12).
[203] 具有优异生物相容性的抗肿胀、高强度各向异性导电水凝胶，用于植入式电子肌腱，先进功能材料，2023，34(12)。

[204] Fabricating Freestanding, Broadband Reflective Cholesteric Liquid-Crystal Networks Via Topological Tailoring of the Sm-Ch Phase Transition ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2023, 15(17): 21425-21434. Numerous biological systems in nature provide much inspiration for humanity to master diverse coloration strategies for creating stimuli-responsive materials and display devices, such as to access gorgeous structural colors from well-defined photonic structures. Cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) are a fascinating genre of photonic materials displaying iridescent colors responsive to circumstance changes; however, it is still a big challenge to design materials with broadband color variation as well as good flexibility and freestanding capacity. Herein, we report a feasible and flexible strategy to fabricate cholesteric liquid-crystal networks (CLCNs) with precise colors across the entire visible spectrum through molecular structure tailoring and topology engineering and demonstrate their application as smart displays and rewritable photonic paper. Influences of chiral and achiral LC monomers on the thermochromic behaviors of CLC precursors as well as on the topology of the polymerized CLCNs are systematically investigated, demonstrating that the monoacrylate achiral LC facilitated the formation of a smectic phase-chiral phase (Sm-Ch) pretransitional phase in the CLC mixture and improved the flexibility of the photopolymerized CLCNs. High-resolution multicolor patterns in one CLCN film are generated through photomask polymerization. In addition, the freestanding CLCN films show perceivable mechanochromic behaviors and repeated erasing-rewriting performances. This work opens avenues toward the realization of pixelated colorful patterns and rewritable CLCN films promising in technology fields ranging from information storage and smart camouflage to anti-counterfeiting and smart display.
通过拓扑调控 Sm-Ch 相变制备宽带自支撑胆甾相液晶网络，ACS 应用材料与界面，2023，15(17)：21425-21434。自然界中众多生物系统为人类掌握各种色彩策略以创建刺激响应材料及显示设备提供了大量灵感，例如从定义明确的 photonic structures 中获取绚丽的结构色。胆甾相液晶（CLCs）是一种迷人的光子材料，其颜色对环境变化敏感；然而，设计具有宽带颜色变化、良好柔韧性和自支撑能力的材料仍然是一个重大挑战。在此，我们报道了一种通过分子结构设计和拓扑工程精确调控整个可见光谱颜色，以制备胆甾相液晶网络（CLCNs）的可行且灵活的策略，并展示了其在智能显示和可重写光子纸中的应用。 该研究系统地探讨了手性和非手性 LC 单体对 CLC 前驱体热致变色行为以及聚合物 CLCNs 拓扑结构的影响，表明单丙烯酸酯非手性 LC 促进了 CLC 混合物中液晶相-手性相（Sm-Ch）预过渡相的形成，并提高了光聚合 CLCNs 的柔韧性。通过光掩模聚合在一种 CLCN 薄膜中生成高分辨率的多色图案。此外，自支撑 CLCN 薄膜表现出可感知的机械变色行为和重复擦写性能。这项工作为实现像素化彩色图案和可擦写 CLCN 薄膜开辟了道路，这些技术在信息存储、智能伪装、防伪和智能显示等领域具有广阔的应用前景。

[205] Engineering Smart Composite Hydrogels for Wearable Disease Monitoring Nano-Micro Letters, 2023, 15(1): 105. Growing health awareness triggers the public's concern about health problems. People want a timely and comprehensive picture of their condition without frequent trips to the hospital for costly and cumbersome general check-ups. The wearable technique provides a continuous measurement method for health monitoring by tracking a person's physiological data and analyzing it locally or remotely. During the health monitoring process, different kinds of sensors convert physiological signals into electrical or optical signals that can be recorded and transmitted, consequently playing a crucial role in wearable techniques. Wearable application scenarios usually require sensors to possess excellent flexibility and stretchability. Thus, designing flexible and stretchable sensors with reliable performance is the key to wearable technology. Smart composite hydrogels, which have tunable electrical properties, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and multi-stimulus sensitivity, are one of the best sensitive materials for wearable health monitoring. This review summarizes the common synthetic and performance optimization strategies of smart composite hydrogels and focuses on the current application of smart composite hydrogels in the field of wearable health monitoring.
[205] 为可穿戴疾病监测设计智能复合水凝胶 纳米微流信函，2023，15(1): 105。日益增长的健康意识引发了公众对健康问题的关注。人们希望及时全面地了解自己的健康状况，而无需频繁去医院进行昂贵且繁琐的常规检查。可穿戴技术通过跟踪个人的生理数据并在本地或远程进行分析，提供了一种连续的健康监测测量方法。在健康监测过程中，各种传感器将生理信号转换为可记录和传输的电气或光信号，从而在可穿戴技术中发挥关键作用。可穿戴应用场景通常要求传感器具有优异的柔韧性和可拉伸性。因此，设计具有可靠性能的柔韧和可拉伸传感器是可穿戴技术的关键。具有可调电学特性、力学特性、生物相容性和多刺激敏感性的智能复合水凝胶是可穿戴健康监测的最佳敏感材料之一。 本综述总结了智能复合水凝胶的常见合成和性能优化策略，并重点关注智能复合水凝胶在可穿戴健康监测领域的当前应用。

[206] Touchable Gustation Via a Hoffmeister Gel Iontronic Sensor ACS Nano, 2023, 17(5): 5129-5139. A particular sense, touchable gustation, was achieved. We proposed a chemical-mechanical interface strategy with an iontronic sensor device. A conductive hydrogel, amino trimethylene phosphonic acid (ATMP) assisted poly-(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), was employed as the dielectric layer of the gel iontronic sensor. The Hofmeister effect of the ATMP-PVA hydrogel was well investigated to establish the quantitative description of the gel elasticity modulus to chemical cosolvents. The mechanical properties of hydrogels can be transduced extensively and reversibly by regulating the aggregation state of polymer chains with hydrated ions or cosolvents. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of ATMP-PVA hydrogel microstructures stained with different soaked cosolvents present different networks. The information on different chemical components will be stored in the ATMP-PVA gels. The flexible gel iontronic sensor with a hierarchical pyramid structure performed high linear sensitivity of 3224.2 kPa(-1) and wide pressure response in the range of 0-100 kPa. The finite element analysis proved the pressure distribution at the gel interface of the gel iontronic sensor and the capacitation-stress response relation. Various cations, anions, amino acids, and saccharides can be discriminated, classified, and quantified with the gel iontronic sensor. The Hofmeister effect regulated chemical-mechanical interface performs the response and conversion of biological/chemical signals into electrical output in real time. The particular function to tactile with gustation percept will contribute promising applications in the human-machine interaction, humanoid robot, clinic treatment, or athletic training optimization.
通过霍夫迈斯特尔凝胶离子传感器实现可触摸味觉，ACS Nano，2023，17(5)：5129-5139。实现了特定的感觉——可触摸味觉。我们提出了一种化学-机械界面策略，采用离子传感器设备。导电水凝胶，氨基三甲撑膦酸（ATMP）辅助聚（乙烯醇）（PVA），被用作凝胶离子传感器的介电层。对 ATMP-PVA 水凝胶的霍夫迈斯特效应进行了深入研究，以建立凝胶弹性模量对化学共溶剂的定量描述。通过调节聚合物链与水合离子或共溶剂的聚集状态，水凝胶的机械性能可以广泛且可逆地转换。用不同浸泡共溶剂染色的 ATMP-PVA 水凝胶微观结构的扫描电子显微镜（SEM）图像呈现不同的网络。不同化学成分的信息将被存储在 ATMP-PVA 凝胶中。具有分层金字塔结构的柔性凝胶离子传感器表现出高线性灵敏度（3224.2 kPa(-1)）和 0-100 kPa 范围内的宽压力响应。 有限元分析验证了凝胶离子传感器凝胶界面的压力分布及其电容-应力响应关系。凝胶离子传感器可以区分、分类和量化各种阳离子、阴离子、氨基酸和糖类。霍夫迈斯特效应调节的化学-机械界面能够实时将生物/化学信号转换为电输出。与触觉和味觉感知相关的特定功能将在人机交互、类人机器人、临床治疗或运动训练优化中具有潜在的应用前景。

[207] Optical Characteristics of Stretchable Chiral Liquid Crystal Elastomer under Multiaxial Stretching Advanced Functional Materials, 2023, 33(46). Chiral liquid crystal elastomers (CLCEs) are soft photonic materials that exhibit both the photonic characteristics of nanoscale periodic helical structures and mechanical properties of rubber. Owing to its elasticity, the structural color of CLCEs can be tuned through mechanical deformations known as mechanochromism. Thus far, there is significant research attention to exploring the mechanochromism of CLCEs. However, most studies have only discussed the color shifting of CLCEs under uniaxial deformation. Therefore, the optical and chiral structural deformation behaviors of CLCEs under multiaxial stress are not well understood. This study investigates multiaxial (uniaxial, biaxial, and out-of-plane) stretching-induced helical structure change and the resulting optical properties of CLCEs. The results confirm that uniaxial stretching leads to a loss of intrinsic circular polarization selectivity in CLCEs due to helix unwinding deformations, while biaxial and out-of-plane stretching maintain circular polarization.
[207] 拉伸型手性液晶弹性体的光学特性及其在多轴拉伸下的先进功能材料，2023，33(46)。手性液晶弹性体（CLCEs）是一种软性光子材料，既具有纳米级周期螺旋结构的特性，又具有橡胶的机械性能。由于其弹性，CLCEs 的结构色可以通过称为机械色变（mechanochromism）的机械变形进行调节。迄今为止，对 CLCEs 的机械色变研究引起了广泛关注。然而，大多数研究仅讨论了 CLCEs 在单轴变形下的颜色变化。因此，CLCEs 在多轴应力下的光学和手性结构变形行为尚不清楚。本研究调查了多轴拉伸（单轴、双轴和出平面）引起的螺旋结构变化及其对 CLCEs 光学特性的影响。结果表明，单轴拉伸会导致 CLCEs 由于螺旋展开变形而失去固有的圆偏振选择性，而双轴和出平面拉伸则保持圆偏振。

[208] Optical Fibre-Based Sensors—an Assessment of Current Innovations Biosensors, 2023, 13(9): 835-864. Optical fibre sensors are an essential subset of optical fibre technology, designed specifically for sensing and measuring several physical parameters. These sensors offer unique advantages over traditional sensors, making them gradually more valuable in a wide range of applications. They can detect extremely small variations in the physical parameters they are designed to measure, such as analytes in the case of biosensing. This high sensitivity allows them to detect subtle variations in temperature, pressure, strain, the refractive index of analytes, vibration, and other environmental factors with exceptional accuracy. Moreover, these sensors enable remote sensing capabilities. Since light signals are used to carry information, the sensing elements can be placed at distant or inaccessible sites and still communicate the data back to the central monitoring system without signal degradation. In recent times, different attractive configurations and approaches have been proposed to enhance the sensitivity of the optical fibre-based sensor and are briefly explained in this review. However, we believe that the choice of optical fibre sensor configuration should be designated based on the specific application. As these sensors continue to evolve and improve, they will play an increasingly vital role in critical monitoring and control applications across various industries.
[208] 基于光纤的传感器——当前创新评估 生物传感器，2023，13(9)：835-864。光纤传感器是光纤技术的一个基本子集，专门设计用于感应和测量多种物理参数。这些传感器相较于传统传感器具有独特的优势，使其在广泛的应用中逐渐变得更加有价值。它们可以检测它们设计用来测量的物理参数的极小变化，例如生物传感中的分析物。这种高灵敏度使它们能够以极高的精度检测温度、压力、应变、分析物的折射率、振动和其他环境因素的微妙变化。此外，这些传感器还具备远程感应能力。由于光信号用于传输信息，感应元件可以放置在遥远或难以到达的地点，同时仍能将数据无信号衰减地传输回中央监控系统。近年来，提出了多种吸引人的配置和方案来提高基于光纤传感器的灵敏度，本文对此进行了简要说明。 然而，我们认为光纤传感器的配置选择应根据具体应用来指定。随着这些传感器不断发展和改进，它们将在各个行业的关键监控和控制应用中扮演越来越重要的角色。

[209] Measurement and Analysis of Transport Noise and Vibration: A Review of Techniques, Case Studies, and Future Directions Measurement, 2023, 220. This review article provides a detailed overview of the measurement and analysis requirements for transport noise and vibration. It highlights the recommended measurement parameters as per the international standards, including ISO 1996-2:2016, ANSI S12.9-2014, and AS/NZS 2107:2016. The article discusses various techniques for measuring transport noise and vibration, such as sound level meters, vibration meters, and noise mapping, as well as advanced analysis techniques like frequency analysis, statistical analysis, and signal processing. Additionally, it summarizes the measurement requirements outlined in several guidelines and standards, including the Environmental Noise Directive, FTA Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment, US EPA, Ontario Ministry of Environment, AS/NZS 2107:2016, and Japan Ministry of Environment. The article also compares a number of noise prediction models, including the CoRTN model, RLS 90 model, ASJ RTN-Model 2008, Harmonoise model, Son Road model, Nord 2000 model, NMPB-Routes-2008 model, and CNOSSOS-EU model. The review also highlights experimental and numerical studies in this field and discusses the effects of noise and vibration on human health. The article concludes with a discussion of the shortcomings of existing research and possible future research directions. Overall, this review article offers a comprehensive guide for researchers and professionals working on the measurement and analysis of vibration and noise in transportation.
[209] 交通噪声和振动的测量与分析：技术、案例研究和未来方向的综述 测量，2023，220。本文综述了交通噪声和振动的测量与分析要求。它强调了根据国际标准推荐的测量参数，包括 ISO 1996-2:2016、ANSI S12.9-2014 和 AS/NZS 2107:2016。文章讨论了测量交通噪声和振动的各种技术，如声级计、振动计和噪声映射，以及频率分析、统计分析信号处理等高级分析技术。此外，它总结了在环境噪声指令、FTA 交通噪声和振动影响评估、美国环保署、安大略省环境部、AS/NZS 2107:2016 和日本环境省等几个指南和标准中概述的测量要求。 文章还比较了包括 CoRTN 模型、RLS 90 模型、ASJ RTN-Model 2008、Harmonoise 模型、Son Road 模型、Nord 2000 模型、NMPB-Routes-2008 模型和 CNOSSOS-EU 模型在内的多种噪声预测模型。综述还突出了该领域的实验和数值研究，并讨论了噪声和振动对人类健康的影响。文章最后讨论了现有研究的不足和可能的研究方向。总体而言，这篇综述文章为从事交通运输中振动和噪声测量与分析的研究人员和专业人士提供了一份全面的指南。

[210] Effects of Environmental and Operational Conditions on Structural Health Monitoring and Non-Destructive Testing: A Systematic Review Buildings, 2023, 13(4). The development of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) and Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) techniques has rapidly evolved and matured over the past few decades. Advances in sensor technology have facilitated deploying SHM systems for large-scale structures and local NDT of structural members. Although both methods have been successfully applied to identify structural damage in various systems, Environmental and Operational Condition (EOC) variations can influence sensor measurements and mask damage signatures in the structural response. EOCs include environmental conditions, such as temperature, humidity, and wind, as well as operational conditions, such as mass loading, vibration, and boundary conditions. The effect of EOCs can significantly undermine the reliability and robustness of damage assessment technologies and limit their performance. Thus, successful SHM and NDT systems can compensate for changing EOCs. This paper provides a state-of-the-art review of the effects of EOCs on SHM and NDT systems. It presents recent developments in advanced sensing technology, signal processing, and analysis techniques that aim to eliminate the masking effect of EOC variations and increase the damage sensitivity and performance of SHM and NDT systems. The paper concludes with current research challenges, trends, and recommendations for future research directions.
[210] 环境和操作条件对结构健康监测和非破坏性测试的影响：系统综述 建筑物，2023，13(4)。结构健康监测（SHM）和非破坏性测试（NDT）技术的发展迅速，并在过去几十年中成熟。传感器技术的进步促进了大规模结构和结构部件的局部非破坏性测试 SHM 系统的部署。尽管这两种方法都成功地应用于识别各种系统中的结构损伤，但环境和操作条件（EOC）的变化可能会影响传感器测量并掩盖结构响应中的损伤特征。EOC 包括环境条件，如温度、湿度和风，以及操作条件，如质量加载、振动和边界条件。EOC 的影响可能会严重削弱损伤评估技术的可靠性和鲁棒性，并限制其性能。因此，成功的 SHM 和 NDT 系统可以补偿变化的 EOC。本文提供了对 EOC 对 SHM 和 NDT 系统影响的最新综述。 本文介绍了高级传感技术、信号处理和分析技术的最新进展，旨在消除 EOC 变化带来的掩蔽效应，并提高 SHM 和 NDT 系统的损伤敏感性和性能。论文最后总结了当前的研究挑战、趋势和未来研究方向的建议。

[211] A Flexible Optoacoustic Blood 'Stethoscope' for Noninvasive Multiparametric Cardiovascular Monitoring Nature Communications, 2023, 14(1): 4692. Cardiovascular disease diagnosis can be invasive and complex. Here, the authors present a flexible optoacoustic blood 'stethoscope' that noninvasively and continuously monitors cardiovascular health. Quantitative and multiparametric blood analysis is of great clinical importance in cardiovascular disease diagnosis. Although there are various methods to extract blood information, they often require invasive procedures, lack continuity, involve bulky instruments, or have complicated testing procedures. Flexible sensors can realize on-skin assessment of several vital signals, but generally exhibit limited function to monitor blood characteristics. Here, we report a flexible optoacoustic blood 'stethoscope' for noninvasive, multiparametric, and continuous cardiovascular monitoring, without requiring complicated procedures. The optoacoustic blood 'stethoscope' features the light delivery elements to illuminate blood and the piezoelectric acoustic elements to capture light-induced acoustic waves. We show that the optoacoustic blood 'stethoscope' can adhere to the skin for continuous and non-invasive in-situ monitoring of multiple cardiovascular biomarkers, including hypoxia, intravascular exogenous agent concentration decay, and hemodynamics, which can be further visualized with a tailored 3D algorithm. Demonstrations on both in-vivo animal trials and human subjects highlight the optoacoustic blood 'stethoscope''s potential for cardiovascular disease diagnosis and prediction.
[211] 一种用于非侵入性多参数心血管监测的柔性光声血“听诊器”——自然通讯，2023，14(1)：4692。心血管疾病诊断可能具有侵入性和复杂性。在这里，作者们介绍了一种柔性光声血“听诊器”，该设备可以非侵入性和连续地监测心血管健康。在心血管疾病诊断中，定量和多参数血液分析具有极大的临床重要性。尽管有各种提取血液信息的方法，但它们通常需要侵入性程序，缺乏连续性，涉及体积庞大的仪器，或具有复杂的测试程序。柔性传感器可以实现皮肤上的多个生命体征评估，但通常在监测血液特征方面功能有限。在这里，我们报告了一种用于非侵入性、多参数和连续心血管监测的柔性光声血“听诊器”，无需复杂的程序。光声血“听诊器”具有光传输元件以照亮血液和压电声学元件以捕获光诱导的声波。 我们表明，光声血听诊器可以粘附于皮肤，以实现多个心血管生物标志物的连续和非侵入性原位监测，包括缺氧、血管内外源性物质浓度衰减和血流动力学，这些可以通过定制 3D 算法进一步可视化。在体内动物试验和人体受试者上的演示突出了光声血听诊器在心血管疾病诊断和预测方面的潜力。

[212] Wearable Perovskite Solar Cells by Aligned Liquid Crystal Elastomers Nature Communications, 2023, 14(1): 1204. In a flexible perovskite solar cell, the bottom interface between perovskite and the electron-transporting layer is critical in determining its efficiency and reliability. High defect concentrations and crystalline film fracturing at the bottom interface substantially reduce the efficiency and operational stability. In this work, a liquid crystal elastomer interlayer is intercalated into a flexible device with the charge transfer channel toughened by the aligned mesogenic assembly. The molecular ordering is instantly locked upon photopolymerization of liquid crystalline diacrylate monomers and dithiol-terminated oligomers. The optimized charge collection and the minimized charge recombination at the interface boost the efficiency up to 23.26% and 22.10% for rigid and flexible devices, respectively. The liquid crystal elastomer-induced suppression of phase segregation endows the unencapsulated device maintaining >80% of the initial efficiency for 1570h. Moreover, the aligned elastomer interlayer preserves the configuration integrity with remarkable repeatability and mechanical robustness, which enables the flexible device to retain 86% of its original efficiency after 5000 bending cycles. The flexible solar cell chips are further integrated into a wearable haptic device with microneedle-based arrays of sensors to demonstrate a pain sensation system in virtual reality.
[212] 通过排列液晶弹性体制备的钙钛矿太阳能电池 Nature Communications，2023，14(1): 1204。在柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池中，钙钛矿与电子传输层之间的底部界面对于确定其效率和可靠性至关重要。底部界面处的高缺陷浓度和晶膜断裂显著降低了效率和操作稳定性。在这项工作中，将液晶弹性体中间层嵌入到柔性器件中，电荷转移通道通过排列的各向同性组装得到强化。在液晶二丙烯酸酯单体和二硫醇端基寡聚物的光聚合后，分子有序性立即锁定。优化的电荷收集和界面处最小化的电荷重组将刚性器件和柔性器件的效率分别提升至 23.26%和 22.10%。液晶弹性体引起的相分离抑制使得未封装器件在 1570 小时内保持了>80%的初始效率。 此外，对齐的弹性体中间层保持了出色的重复性和机械强度，使柔性设备在经过 5000 次弯曲循环后仍能保持 86%的原有效率。柔性太阳能电池芯片进一步集成到带有基于微针的传感器阵列的可穿戴触觉设备中，以展示虚拟现实中的疼痛感觉系统。

[213] High -Strength Hydrogels: Fabrication, Reinforcement Mechanisms, and Applications Nano Research, 2023, 16(2): 3475-3515. With the continuous appearance and expansion of high -strength hydrogels in emerging fields such as industry, medicine, and green development, the synthesis and application of high -strength hydrogels have developed dramatically and achieved remarkable results from the aspects of raw materials, preparation methods, and reinforcement mechanisms. However, there is still a lack of systematic reviews on high -strength hydrogels. Herein, we first discuss the advantages of natural and synthetic materials, and the characteristics of high -strength hydrogels prepared from different raw materials; we then expound on the influence mechanism of physical interactions or chemical bonds on the strength of the hydrogel from three aspects: physical cross-linking, chemical cross-linking, and dynamic chemical cross-linking; at last, we systematically expound the strengthening strategies, including double network/multi-network, nanocomposite, topology, supramolecular polymerization, and characteristics and strengthening mechanisms of such high -strength hydrogels. In addition, based on the development status of high -strength hydrogels, we combined the application requirements and the existing drawbacks of high -strength hydrogels to propose their possible development directions in the future.
高强度水凝胶：制备、强化机制与应用 纳米研究，2023，16(2)：3475-3515。随着高强度水凝胶在工业、医学和绿色发展等新兴领域的不断出现和扩展，高强度水凝胶的合成和应用在原料、制备方法和强化机制方面取得了显著进展和成果。然而，关于高强度水凝胶的系统综述仍然不足。在此，我们首先讨论了天然和合成材料的优势以及不同原料制备的高强度水凝胶的特性；然后从三个方面阐述了物理相互作用或化学键对水凝胶强度的影响机制：物理交联、化学交联和动态化学交联；最后，我们系统地阐述了强化策略，包括双网络/多网络、纳米复合、拓扑、超分子聚合以及此类高强度水凝胶的特点和强化机制。 此外，基于高强度水凝胶的发展现状，我们结合了应用需求和现有高强度水凝胶的不足，提出了其未来可能的发展方向。

[214] Tough Hydrophobic Hydrogels for Monitoring Human Moderate Motions in Both Air and Underwater Environments Chemistry of Materials, 2023, 35(15): 5953-5962. Hydrophobic hydrogels with high strength and great stretchabilityhold immense potential in various fields, such as soft robots, 3Dprinting, and flexible sensors. However, the formation of large hydrophobicdomains in a hydrophobic hydrogel can lead to a heterogeneous structurein the bulk hydrogel. This phenomenon will result in the hydrophobichydrogel becoming opaque, having a large energy hysteresis duringstretching, poor strain-sensitivity, and slow self-recovery. In thisstudy, we successfully developed a series of transparent hydrophobichydrogels that exhibit excellent mechanical properties (low hysteresisand high toughness of & SIM;1.8-2.5 MJ m(-3)) with a desirable strain-sensitivity. The key factor in achievingthis was the ability to tune large, inhomogeneous hydrophobic structuresinto small, well-ordered domains at the scale of 16.50-52.08nm by introducing a small number of electrostatic groups into thehydrophobic networks. The hydrophobic hydrogels were able to formstrong dual physical interactions, including electrostatic interactionsand hydrophobic associations, making them ideal materials for fabricatingwearable sensors with both in air and underwater applications. Thisfacile and effective approach provides a novel method to prepare hydrophobichydrogels with good mechanical performance, low hysteresis, and goodstrain-sensitivity, opening up new potential for their applicationsin various fields.
[214] 针对空气和水下环境中人体中等运动的难亲水水凝胶监测 化学材料，2023，35(15)：5953-5962。具有高强度和良好延展性的难亲水水凝胶在软体机器人、3D 打印和柔性传感器等众多领域具有巨大潜力。然而，难亲水水凝胶中形成大尺寸难亲水区域会导致整体水凝胶结构不均匀。这种现象会导致难亲水水凝胶变得不透明，在拉伸过程中具有较大的能量滞后，应变灵敏度差，自恢复慢。在本研究中，我们成功开发了一系列透明难亲水水凝胶，它们表现出优异的机械性能（低滞后和高达 1.8-2.5 MJ m(-3)的韧性）以及理想的应变灵敏度。实现这一目标的关键因素是通过在难亲水网络中引入少量静电基团，将大尺寸非均匀难亲水结构调节为 16.50-52.08nm 尺度的小尺寸有序区域。 疏水性水凝胶能够形成强烈的双重物理相互作用，包括静电相互作用和疏水相互作用，使其成为制造具有空中和水下应用的穿戴式传感器的理想材料。这种简便而有效的方法提供了一种制备具有良好机械性能、低滞后性和良好应变灵敏度的疏水性水凝胶的新方法，为它们在各个领域的应用开辟了新的潜力。

[215] Stimulus-Responsive Nonclose-Packed Photonic Crystals: Fabrications and Applications Materials Horizons, 2023, 10(10): 3895-3928. Stimulus-responsive photonic crystals (PCs) possessing unconventional nonclosely packed structures have received growing attention due to their unique capability of mimicking the active structural colors of natural organisms (for example, chameleons' mechanochromic properties). However, there is rarely any systematic review regarding the progress of nonclose-packed photonic crystals (NPCs), involving their fabrication, working mechanisms, and applications. Herein, a comprehensive review of the fundamental principles and practical fabrication strategies of one/two/three-dimensional NPCs is summarized from the perspective of designing nonclose-packed structures. Subsequently, responsive NPCs with exciting functions and working mechanisms are sorted and delineated according to their diverse responses to physical (force, temperature, magnetic, and electric fields), chemical (ions, pH, vapors, and solvents), and biological (glucose, organophosphate, creatinine, and bacteria) stimuli. We then systematically introduced and discussed the applications of NPCs in sensors, printing, anticounterfeiting, display, optical devices, etc. Finally, the current challenges and development prospects for NPCs are presented. This review not only concludes the design principle for NPCs but also provides a significant basis for the exploration of next-generation NPCs.
[215] 刺激响应非密堆积光子晶体：制备与应用 材料前沿，2023，10(10)：3895-3928。具有非紧密堆积结构的刺激响应光子晶体（PCs）因其独特的模仿自然生物（例如，变色龙的机械色变特性）的活性结构色的能力而受到越来越多的关注。然而，关于非紧密堆积光子晶体（NPCs）的进展，包括其制备、工作机制和应用，很少有系统性的综述。在此，从设计非紧密堆积结构的角度，总结了单/双/三维 NPCs 的基本原理和实际制备策略。随后，根据其对物理（力、温度、磁场和电场）、化学（离子、pH 值、蒸汽和溶剂）和生物（葡萄糖、有机磷、肌酐和细菌）刺激的多样化响应，对具有令人兴奋的功能和工作机制的响应 NPCs 进行了分类和阐述。 我们系统地介绍了 NPCs 在传感器、打印、防伪、显示、光学器件等方面的应用，并进行了讨论。最后，提出了 NPCs 当前面临的挑战和发展前景。这篇综述不仅总结了 NPCs 的设计原理，还为下一代 NPCs 的探索提供了重要的基础。

[216] Mimosa‐Inspired High‐Sensitive and Multi‐Responsive Starch Actuators Advanced Functional Materials, 2023, 33(45).
[216]受拟南芥启发的超灵敏多响应淀粉驱动器 高性能材料，2023，33(45)。

[217] Promoting Self-Care and Management for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Based on Lifestyle Changes under the Concept of Person-Centered Care: A Review Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 2023, 29(5): 302-307. Context Diabetes, a metabolic disease, can affect multiple organs and systems, including the heart, brain, kidneys, and nerves, and is the seventh leading cause of human death. Professional health education can help modify urbanization-related lifestyle habits, such as diet and physical activity, and is the foundation for self-management of type 2 diabetes. Objective The current review aimed to (1) examine policies and guidelines related to type 2 diabetes in the UK and China; (2) identify lifestyle impacts of the disease; (3) evaluate the barriers and challenges to patients' self-management; (4) investigate diabetes-related health education; (5) investigate methods of support for disease promotion; (6) evaluate the efficacy of self-care; (7) explore various treatment options when diabetes is comorbid with other diseases; and (8) describe the contributions of the health, social, and tertiary sectors involved in chronic disease management. Design The research team performed a narrative review by searching Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Academic Search Complete databases. The search employed the keywords, such as Type 2 Diabetes, lifestyle changes person-centred care, self-care and management. Setting The research is based on the clinical environment in China and the United Kingdom. Results Recently published guidelines on diabetes nutrition and physical activity in the United Kingdom and China encouraged patients to self-manage their diabetes. Although patients are more aware of the need for disease self-management, they need more professional knowledge to manage the disease through lifestyle modifications, such as diet and exercise. Conclusion Managing diabetes necessitates long-term treatments, guidance, and follow-up, with the support of the patients' families, caregivers, and the entire community.
促进以患者为中心的护理理念下 2 型糖尿病患者自我护理和管理：基于生活方式改变的综述，健康与医学替代疗法，2023，29(5)：302-307。背景糖尿病是一种代谢性疾病，可影响多个器官和系统，包括心脏、大脑、肾脏和神经系统，是人类死亡的第七大原因。专业健康教育有助于改变与城市化相关的行为习惯，如饮食和运动，是 2 型糖尿病自我管理的基石。目标本次综述旨在（1）审查英国和中国 2 型糖尿病的相关政策和指南；（2）确定疾病对生活方式的影响；（3）评估患者自我管理的障碍和挑战；（4）调查糖尿病相关健康教育；（5）调查疾病促进的支持方法；（6）评估自我护理的有效性；（7）探讨糖尿病与其他疾病并存时的各种治疗方案；（8）描述参与慢性病管理的健康、社会和三级部门的贡献。 研究团队通过检索 Scopus、PubMed、CINAHL、PsycINFO 和 Academic Search Complete 数据库进行了文献综述。搜索使用了诸如 2 型糖尿病、生活方式改变、以人为中心的治疗、自我护理和管理等关键词。研究背景本研究基于中国和英国的临床环境。结果最近在英国和中国发布的关于糖尿病营养和身体活动的指南鼓励患者自我管理糖尿病。尽管患者更加意识到疾病自我管理的必要性，但他们需要更多的专业知识来通过生活方式的改变（如饮食和运动）来管理疾病。结论管理糖尿病需要长期治疗、指导和随访，并在患者家庭、护理人员和整个社区的支持下进行。

[218] Improving Physical Properties of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Montmorillonite Nanocomposite Hydrogels Via the Hofmeister Effect Chinese Physics B, 2023, 32(8). Hydrogel is a kind of three-dimensional crosslinked polymer material with high moisture content. However, due to the network defects of polymer gels, traditional hydrogels are usually brittle and fragile, which limits their practical applications. Herein, we present a Hofmeister effect-aided facile strategy to prepare high-performance poly(vinyl alcohol)/montmorillonite nanocomposite hydrogels. Layered montmorillonite nanosheets can not only serve as crosslinking agents to enhance the mechanical properties of the hydrogel but also promote the ion conduction. More importantly, based on the Hofmeister effect, the presence of (NH4)(2)SO4 can endow nanocomposite hydrogels with excellent mechanical properties by affecting PVA chains' aggregation state and crystallinity. As a result, the as-prepared nanocomposite hydrogels possess unique physical properties, including robust mechanical and electrical properties. The as-prepared hydrogels can be further assembled into a high-performance flexible sensor, which can sensitively detect large-scale and small-scale human activities. The simple design concept of this work is believed to provide a new prospect for developing robust nanocomposite hydrogels and flexible devices in the future.
通过 Hofmeister 效应改善聚乙烯醇/蒙脱石纳米复合水凝胶的物理性能 中国物理 B，2023，32(8)。水凝胶是一种具有高水分含量的三维交联聚合物材料。然而，由于聚合物凝胶的网络缺陷，传统的水凝胶通常脆而脆弱，这限制了它们的实际应用。在此，我们提出了一种基于 Hofmeister 效应的简便策略来制备高性能聚乙烯醇/蒙脱石纳米复合水凝胶。层状蒙脱石纳米片不仅可以作为交联剂增强水凝胶的机械性能，还可以促进离子传导。更重要的是，基于 Hofmeister 效应，(NH4)2SO4 的存在可以通过影响 PVA 链的聚集状态和结晶度，赋予纳米复合水凝胶优异的机械性能。因此，所制备的纳米复合水凝胶具有独特的物理性能，包括强大的机械和电学性能。 预制备的水凝胶可以进一步组装成高性能柔性传感器，能够灵敏地检测大规模和小规模的人类活动。这项工作的简单设计理念被认为为未来开发坚固的纳米复合水凝胶和柔性设备提供了新的前景。

[219] Hofmeister Effect Assisted Dual‐Dynamic‐Bond Cross‐Linked Organohydrogels with Enhanced Ionic Conductivity and Balanced Mechanical Properties for Flexible Sensors Advanced Functional Materials, 2023, 33(12): 2213283-2213297.
[219] 借助 Hofmeister 效应辅助的双动态键交联有机水凝胶，具有增强的离子导电性和平衡的机械性能，用于柔性传感器，先进功能材料，2023，33(12)：2213283-2213297。

[220] Numerical Analysis of Structural Color for Photonic Crystal Hydrogel Photonics, 2023, 10(2): 186-195. Photonic crystal has become a powerful technique for regulating electromagnetic waves due to its excellent features, such as structure designability and dynamic adjustability; in addition, it has great application value. In this paper, we visualize colors on the Ostwald color model and analyze the color differences of each group of color patches via the minimum color difference model. The manipulation law of particle size, temperature, and humidity on the color change of photonic crystal hydrogel is verified by these color analyses.
[220] 光子晶体水凝胶光子学结构色的数值分析，2023，10(2): 186-195。光子晶体由于其优异的特性，如结构可设计性和动态可调性，已成为调节电磁波的一种强大技术；此外，它具有很高的应用价值。在本文中，我们通过 Ostwald 色模型可视化颜色，并通过最小颜色差异模型分析每组颜色块的颜色差异。通过这些颜色分析验证了粒子大小、温度和湿度对光子晶体水凝胶颜色变化的影响规律。

[221] Anisotropic and Super-Strong Conductive Hydrogels Enabled by Mechanical Stretching Combined with the Hofmeister Effect Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2023, 11(15): 8038-8047. In the field of flexible electronic devices, conductive hydrogels have attracted great attention. However, it is difficult for existing hydrogel materials to realize excellent mechanical properties and high electrical conductivity simultaneously. To address this issue, this study proposes a facile method for producing super-strong conductive hydrogels via mechanical stretching combined with the Hofmeister effect. The anisotropic hydrogels possess highly anisotropic structures, which provide anisotropic mechanical properties and electrical conductivity. The prepared anisotropic hydrogels exhibit a combination of high strength (16.57 MPa), ultra-high toughness (39.23 MJ m(-3)), and high conductivity (0.38 S m(-1)), which are better than those of the anisotropic hydrogel along the vertical stretching direction and the isotropic hydrogel. And thus, the anisotropic hydrogels achieve a remarkable gauge factor (GF = 1.17). The anisotropic hydrogels demonstrate superior capabilities in human motion sensing. The excellent mechanical properties and high conductivity of anisotropic hydrogels make them a potential candidate for flexible electronic materials.
[221] 通过机械拉伸与霍夫迈斯特效应相结合制备各向异性超强导电水凝胶 材料化学 A，2023，11(15)：8038-8047。在柔性电子设备领域，导电水凝胶引起了广泛关注。然而，现有水凝胶材料难以同时实现优异的机械性能和高电导率。为解决这一问题，本研究提出了一种通过机械拉伸与霍夫迈斯特效应相结合制备超强导电水凝胶的简便方法。各向异性水凝胶具有高度各向异性的结构，提供了各向异性的机械性能和电导率。制备的各向异性水凝胶表现出高强度（16.57 MPa）、超高韧性（39.23 MJ m(-3)）和高电导率（0.38 S m(-1)），优于垂直拉伸方向的各向异性水凝胶和各向同性水凝胶。因此，各向异性水凝胶实现了显著的应变系数（GF = 1.17）。各向异性水凝胶在人体运动传感方面表现出优异的能力。 各向异性水凝胶优异的机械性能和高度导电性使其成为柔性电子材料的潜在候选者。

[222] Physical Dynamic Double-Network Hydrogels as Dressings to Facilitate Tissue Repair Nature Protocols, 2023, 18(11): 3322-3354. Double-network hydrogels can be tuned to have high mechanical strength, stability, elasticity and bioresponsive properties, which can be combined to create self-healing, adhesive and antibacterial wound dressings. Compared with single-network hydrogel, double-network hydrogel shows stronger mechanical properties and better stability. In comparison with chemical bonds, the cross-linking in double networks makes them more flexible than single-network hydrogels and capable of self-healing following mechanical damage. Here, we present the stepwise synthesis of physical double-network hydrogels where hydrogen bonds and coordination reactions provide self-healing, pH-responsive, tissue-adhesive, antioxidant, photothermal and antibacterial properties, and can be removed on demand. We then explain how to carry out physical, chemical and biological characterizations of the hydrogels for use as wound dressings, yet the double-network hydrogels could also be used in different applications such as tissue engineering scaffolds, cell/drug delivery systems, hemostatic agents or in flexible wearable devices for monitoring physiological and pathological parameters. We also outline how to use the double-network hydrogels in vivo as wound dressings or hemostatic agents. The synthesis of the ureido-pyrimidinone-modified gelatin, catechol-modified polymers and the hydrogels requires 84 h, 48 h and 1 h, respectively, whereas the in vivo assays require 3.5 weeks. The procedure is suitable for users with expertise in biomedical polymer materials. The approach combines the use of ureido-pyrimidinone hydrogen bonding with metal-coordination interactions between Fe3+ and catechol groups, thereby generating double physical cross-linked hydrogels.The hydrogels have fast self-healing properties, high mechanical strength and can be tuned to respond to conditions such as temperature, pH and light. When used as dressings, the hydrogels facilitate tissue repair in vivo. Procedures for the synthesis of physical double-network hydrogels to provide self-healing, pH-responsive, tissue-adhesive, antioxidant, photothermal and antibacterial properties. Used as wound dressings, the hydrogels can also be removed on demand.
[222] 物理动态双网络水凝胶作为促进组织修复的敷料，《自然方法》，2023，18(11)：3322-3354。双网络水凝胶可以被调节以具有高机械强度、稳定性、弹性和生物响应性，这些特性可以结合在一起创建自修复、粘附和抗菌的伤口敷料。与单网络水凝胶相比，双网络水凝胶显示出更强的机械性能和更好的稳定性。与化学键相比，双网络中的交联使得它们比单网络水凝胶更灵活，并且在机械损伤后能够自修复。在此，我们介绍了物理双网络水凝胶的逐步合成方法，其中氢键和配位反应提供了自修复、pH 响应、组织粘附、抗氧化、光热和抗菌特性，并且可以根据需要去除。 我们随后解释了如何进行水凝胶的物理、化学和生物特性表征，以用作伤口敷料，而双网络水凝胶也可用于不同的应用，如组织工程支架、细胞/药物递送系统、止血剂或用于监测生理和病理参数的柔性可穿戴设备。我们还概述了如何将双网络水凝胶用于体内作为伤口敷料或止血剂。脲基嘧啶酮改性明胶、儿茶酚改性聚合物和凝胶的合成分别需要 84 小时、48 小时和 1 小时，而体内实验需要 3.5 周。该程序适用于具有生物医学聚合物材料专业知识的用户。该方法结合了脲基嘧啶酮氢键与 Fe3+和儿茶酚基团之间的金属配位相互作用，从而生成双物理交联水凝胶。水凝胶具有快速自修复性能、高机械强度，并可调节以响应温度、pH 和光等条件。当用作敷料时，水凝胶可促进体内组织修复。 物理双网络水凝胶的合成方法，以提供自修复、pH 响应性、组织粘附性、抗氧化、光热和抗菌性能。作为伤口敷料使用，这些水凝胶也可以按需去除。

[223] Mechanochromic Photonic Vitrimer Thermal Management Device Based on Dynamic Covalent Bond Advanced Functional Materials, 2023, 33(16). Flexible self-healing thermal management devices are increasingly in demand due to their high flexibility, low driving voltage, and excellent stability of thermal property. In this paper, the design of mechanochromic self-healing thermal management devices is reported based on photonic vitrimer through self-healing dynamic covalent bond. A series of new photonic vitrimers i first prepared by dynamic disulfide covalent bond and PS@SiO2 photonic crystals. The resulting photonic vitrimer exhibits bright structural colors, large tensile strain (>1000%), high mechanical strength (>10 MPa) and self-healing ability (>95% efficiency). More importantly, the structural color remains constant after 10000 stretching/releasing cycles, demonstrating excellent mechanical stability, creep-resistance, and durability. Taking advantage of the above features, a novel mechanochromic flexible wireless thermal management (MFW) device is developed by semi-embedding the photonic vitrimer in a thermally conductive carbon nanotube film and then integrating it with a Bluetooth module and a control chip. Interestingly, the MFW device exhibits mechanochromic property, fast thermal response, low driving voltage (103 degrees C, at 3 V), and precise temperature control. Notably, the device even remains electrothermal performance (105 degrees C) after self-healing. This work provides new insight into the self-healing photonic materials, and the device shows promising applications in wearable electronics, vitro physiotherapy, and personal heating.
[223] 基于动态共价键的机械色光子玻璃化热管理器件，先进功能材料，2023，33(16)。由于具有高柔韧性、低驱动电压和优异的热性能稳定性，灵活的自修复热管理器件的需求日益增加。本文报道了一种基于光子玻璃化和自修复动态共价键的机械色自修复热管理器件的设计。首先通过动态二硫键和 PS@SiO2 光子晶体制备了一系列新的光子玻璃化材料。所得的光子玻璃化材料表现出鲜艳的结构颜色、大的拉伸应变（>1000%）、高的机械强度（>10 MPa）和自修复能力（>95%效率）。更重要的是，在经过 10000 次拉伸/释放循环后，其结构颜色保持不变，证明了其优异的机械稳定性、抗蠕变性和耐久性。 利用上述特性，通过半嵌入光子玻璃体薄膜并集成蓝牙模块和控制芯片，开发了一种新型的机械变色柔性无线热管理（MFW）装置。有趣的是，MFW 装置表现出机械变色特性、快速热响应、低驱动电压（103 摄氏度，3 伏特）和精确的温度控制。值得注意的是，该装置在自修复后仍保持电热性能（105 摄氏度）。这项工作为自修复光子材料提供了新的见解，该装置在可穿戴电子设备、体外理疗和个人加热方面具有广阔的应用前景。

[224] High-Speed Laser Writing of Structural Colors for Full-Color Inkless Printing Nature Communications, 2023, 14(1): 565. It is a formidable challenge to simultaneously achieve wide-gamut, high-resolution, high-speed while low-cost manufacturability, long-term stability, and viewing-angle independence in structural colors for practical applications. The conventional nanofabrication techniques fail to match the requirement in low-cost, large-scale and flexible manufacturing. Processing by pulsed lasers can achieve high throughput while suffering from a narrow gamut of similar to 15% sRGB or angle-dependent colors. Here, we demonstrate an all-in-one solution for ultrafast laser-produced structural colors on ultrathin hybrid films that comprise an absorbent dielectric TiAlN layer coating on a metallic TiN layer. Under laser irradiation, the absorption behaviours of the TiAlN-TiN hybrid films are tailored by photothermal-induced oxidation on the topmost TiAlN. The oxidized films exhibit double-resonance absorption, which is due to the non-trivial phase shifts both at the oxide-TiAlN interface, and at the TiAlN-TiN interface. By varying the accumulated laser fluence to modulate the oxidation depth, angle-robust structural colors with unprecedented large-gamut of similar to 90% sRGB are obtained. The highest printing speed reaches 10cm(2)/s and the highest resolution exceeds 10000 dpi. The durability of the laser-printed colors is confirmed by fastness examination, including salt spray, double-85, light bleaching, and adhesion tests. These features render our technique to be competitive for industrial applications. Structural colours are of broad interest in recent years, yet the conventional nanofabrication techniques fail to match the requirement for large-scale manufacturing. Here, the authors demonstrate the use of pulsed lasers to write structural colours with widegamut, high-resolution, high-speed while low-cost manufacturability, long-term stability, and viewing-angle independence.
[224] 高速激光制作结构色以实现全彩无墨打印，自然通讯，2023，14(1)：565。在结构色实际应用中同时实现宽色域、高分辨率、高速打印以及低成本制造、长期稳定性和视角独立性是一项艰巨的挑战。传统的纳米加工技术无法满足低成本、大规模和柔性制造的要求。脉冲激光加工可以实现高吞吐量，但受限于类似 15% sRGB 的窄色域或角度依赖性颜色。在这里，我们展示了一种针对超薄混合薄膜的超快激光产生结构色的整体解决方案，该薄膜由涂覆在金属 TiN 层上的吸收性介电 TiAlN 层组成。在激光照射下，通过在顶部的 TiAlN 上光热诱导氧化来调整 TiAlN-TiN 混合薄膜的吸收行为。氧化膜表现出双共振吸收，这是由于在氧化物-TiAlN 界面和 TiAlN-TiN 界面都存在非平凡的相位移动。 通过调节累积激光光强以调节氧化深度，获得了具有前所未有的 90% sRGB 色域的角稳定结构色。最高打印速度达到 10cm²/s，最高分辨率超过 10000 dpi。激光打印色的耐久性通过快速性测试得到证实，包括盐雾测试、双 85 度测试、光漂白测试和附着力测试。这些特性使我们的技术具有工业应用的竞争力。近年来，结构色受到广泛关注，但传统的纳米加工技术无法满足大规模制造的需求。在这里，作者展示了使用脉冲激光以宽色域、高分辨率、高速、低成本制造、长期稳定性和视角独立性来书写结构色的方法。

[225] A Review on 1d Photonic Crystal Based Reflective Optical Limiters Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences, 2023, 48(1): 93-111. All-optical limiting devices are based on materials enabling light to control light, possessing a nonlinear optical response, and are reviving their popularity. One-dimensional photonic crystals (1 D PhC) are an auspicious platform for achieving novel optical limiters functioning for remarkably low limiting threshold and high damage threshold over a wider regime. 1 D PhC, a periodic nanostructure with a refractive index distribution along one direction, has been widely investigated by researchers. However, their utility to limit the high-intensity radiation to protect sophisticated optical sensors and devices is scarce in the research field. An overview of the numerically simulated, mathematically modeled, theoretically proposed, and experimentally realized 1 D PhC reflective optical limiters are provided here. This review focuses on the limited but noteworthy scrutiny of 1 D photonic crystal-based optical limiters using rare earth metals, nanocomposites, semiconductors, and phase-changing materials as defect layers.
[225] 一维光子晶体基反射光学限幅器综述：固体和材料科学评论，2023，48(1): 93-111。全光限幅器件基于能够使光控制光的材料，具有非线性光学响应，并正在恢复其受欢迎程度。一维光子晶体（1D PhC）是实现新型光学限幅器的一个有利的平台，这些限幅器在非常低的限幅阈值和高损伤阈值下具有更广泛的适用范围。具有沿一个方向折射率分布的周期性纳米结构 1D PhC 已被研究人员广泛研究。然而，它们在限制高强度辐射以保护复杂的光学传感器和设备方面的应用在研究领域很少。本文提供了对数值模拟、数学建模、理论提出和实验实现的一维光子晶体反射光学限幅器的概述。本综述重点介绍了使用稀土金属、纳米复合材料、半导体和相变材料作为缺陷层的一维光子晶体基光学限幅器的有限但值得注意的审查。

[226] Synchronized Wearables for the Detection of Haemodynamic States Via Electrocardiography and Multispectral Photoplethysmography Nature Biomedical Engineering, 2023, 7(10): 1229-1241. Cardiovascular health is typically monitored by measuring blood pressure. Here we describe a wireless on-skin system consisting of synchronized sensors for chest electrocardiography and peripheral multispectral photoplethysmography for the continuous monitoring of metrics related to vascular resistance, cardiac output and blood-pressure regulation. We used data from the sensors to train a support-vector-machine model for the classification of haemodynamic states (resulting from exposure to heat or cold, physical exercise, breath holding, performing the Valsalva manoeuvre or from vasopressor administration during post-operative hypotension) that independently affect blood pressure, cardiac output and vascular resistance. The model classified the haemodynamic states on the basis of an unseen subset of sensor data for 10 healthy individuals, 20 patients with hypertension undergoing haemodynamic stimuli and 15 patients recovering from cardiac surgery, with an average precision of 0.878 and an overall area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.958. The multinodal sensor system may provide clinically actionable insights into haemodynamic states for use in the management of cardiovascular disease. Synchronized chest and peripheral skin sensors for the monitoring of vascular resistance, cardiac output and other metrics of cardiovascular health allow for the classification of haemodynamic states resulting from exposure to stressors.
[226] 通过心电图和多光谱光电容积脉搏波描记术检测血流动力学状态的同步可穿戴设备 自然生物医学工程，2023，7(10)：1229-1241。心血管健康通常通过测量血压来监测。在这里，我们描述了一种无线皮肤系统，该系统由同步传感器组成，用于胸部心电图和周围多光谱光电容积脉搏波描记术，以连续监测与血管阻力、心输出量和血压调节相关的指标。我们使用传感器数据训练了一个支持向量机模型，用于对血流动力学状态（由暴露于热或冷、体育锻炼、屏气、进行瓦萨尔瓦动作或术后低血压期间给予血管加压剂引起）进行分类，这些状态独立影响血压、心输出量和血管阻力。 该模型基于 10 名健康个体、20 名接受血流动力学刺激的高血压患者和 15 名心脏手术后恢复的患者未见过的传感器数据子集对血流动力学状态进行分类，平均精度为 0.878，接收者操作特征曲线下总面积为 0.958。多节点传感器系统可能为心血管疾病管理提供临床可操作的关于血流动力学状态的见解。同步胸部和周围皮肤传感器用于监测血管阻力、心输出量和其他心血管健康指标，允许对暴露于应激源引起的血流动力学状态进行分类。

[227] Light as Matter: Natural Structural Colour in Art Humanities & Social Sciences Communications, 2023, 10(1). Structural coloration is the production of colour by micro- or nano-structures fine enough to interfere with visible light. Structural colouration is responsible for the blues and greens of many animals, as well as for the gold, silver, and some purple-pink colours. These are often saturated and might be extremely shimmering and/or iridescent. The study of structural coloration is an active and interdisciplinary field of research where biology, physics and engineering meet. However, the fascination of humans for stunning structural colours is broader than the framework of science. Here, I provide a series of examples of the use of natural structurally coloured materials in art across the ages and places. I argue that the view from ethnozoology is necessary to gain a comprehensive understanding and appreciation of structural coloration.
[227] 《物质之光：艺术、人文与社会科学通讯》2023 年第 10 卷第 1 期。结构色是通过微纳米结构产生的颜色，这些结构足够精细，可以与可见光发生干涉。结构色是许多动物蓝色和绿色的来源，也是金色、银色以及一些紫色粉红色的来源。这些颜色通常饱和，可能非常闪耀和/或具有彩虹般的光泽。结构色的研究是一个活跃的跨学科研究领域，生物学、物理学和工程学在此交汇。然而，人类对令人惊叹的结构色的着迷超越了科学的框架。在这里，我提供了一系列例子，展示了自然结构色材料在各个时代和地区的艺术中的应用。我认为，从民族动物学的视角出发是全面理解和欣赏结构色的必要条件。

[228] A Review of Vibration-Based Gear Wear Monitoring and Prediction Techniques Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2023, 182.
[228] 《基于振动的齿轮磨损监测与预测技术综述》机械系统与信号处理，2023 年第 182 卷。

[229] A Visible Multi-Response Electrochemical Sensor Based on Cellulose Nanocrystals Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 457. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), a renewable material extracted from plants, algae, and bacteria, form iridescent films with chiral nematic order. Here, we report stimuli-responsive CNC / polyaniline (PANI) composite films for use in optical and electrochemical sensing. CNC-PANI and CNC-glucose-PANI films with bright structural color were obtained by an optimized self-assembly process. The films responded to humidity, pH and organic solvents with a change in the reflection wavelength, change in visible structural color, and changes in conductivity. A two-layer, conductive CNC-PANI film was prepared and incorporated into a circuit, where it could respond to stimuli with a change in color and increased conductivity. Moreover, a PANI electrochromic device (ECD) with CNC films was fabricated for information encryption. With voltages up to 1.5 V, the color of the ECD changed from green to blue within 1 s, and the CNC pattern hidden inside appeared with good cyclability. The ECD can also be used for anti-counterfeiting due to the chiral nematic CNC pattern. This novel iridescent CNC-PANI film demonstrates the potential of visible electrochemical multi-sensing using natural, sustainable materials.
[229] 基于纤维素纳米晶体的可见多响应电化学传感器 化学工程学报，2023，457。纤维素纳米晶体（CNCs）是一种从植物、藻类和细菌中提取的可再生材料，形成具有手性液晶序的彩虹色薄膜。在此，我们报道了一种用于光学和电化学传感的刺激响应性 CNC/聚苯胺（PANI）复合薄膜。通过优化的自组装过程获得了具有鲜艳结构色的 CNC-PANI 和 CNC-葡萄糖-PANI 薄膜。这些薄膜对湿度、pH 值和有机溶剂的响应表现为反射波长的变化、可见结构色的变化和导电性的变化。制备了一种双层导电 CNC-PANI 薄膜并将其集成到电路中，它可以对刺激产生颜色变化和导电性增加的响应。此外，还制造了一种带有 CNC 薄膜的 PANI 电致变色器件（ECD）用于信息加密。在高达 1.5 V 的电压下，ECD 的颜色在 1 秒内从绿色变为蓝色，隐藏在内部的 CNC 图案以良好的循环性出现。由于手性液晶 CNC 图案，ECD 还可以用于防伪。 这款新型彩虹色 CNC-PANI 薄膜展示了使用天然、可持续材料进行可见光电化学多传感的潜力。

[230] 基于微纳光纤的柔性仿生微结构触觉传感器研究 Acta Optica Sinica, 2023, 43(21): 67-77. 人类指尖的指纹图案以及互锁的表皮-真皮微结构在放大触觉信号并将其传递给各种机械感受器方面发挥着关键作用，从而实现对各种静态和动态触觉信号的时空感知。本文报道了一种受指尖皮肤微结构启发的微纳光纤柔性触觉传感器，该传感器具有环形脊的指纹状表面、错峰互锁的微结构以及刚度差异化的树脂/聚二甲基硅氧烷多层结构。通过这些设计特征，传感器能够以高耐久性、高灵敏度（20.58 %N^-1）、快速响应（86 ms）及大动态范围（0~16 N）检测多种时空触觉刺激，包括静态、动态压力和振动，并能够识别物体的硬度和表面纹理差异。该传感器具有结构紧凑、制作简便、易集成、抗电磁干扰等优点，可被应用于机器人皮肤、可穿戴传感器和医疗诊断设备中。
[230] 基于微纳光纤的柔性仿生微结构触觉传感器研究《光学学报》，2023，43(21)：67-77。人类指尖的指纹图案以及互锁的表皮-真皮微结构在放大触觉信号并将其传递给各种机械感受器方面发挥着关键作用，从而实现对各种静态和动态触觉信号的时空感知。本文报道了一种受指尖皮肤微结构启发的微纳光纤柔性触觉传感器，该传感器具有环形脊的指纹状表面、错峰互锁的微结构以及刚度差异化的树脂/聚二甲基硅氧烷多层结构。通过这些设计特征，传感器能够以高耐久性、高灵敏度（20.58 %N^-1）、快速响应（86 ms）及大动态范围（0~16 N）检测多种时空触觉刺激，包括静态、动态压力和振动，并能够识别物体的硬度和表面纹理差异。该传感器具有结构紧凑、制作简便、易集成、抗电磁干扰等优点，可被应用于机器人皮肤、可穿戴传感器和医疗诊断设备中。

[231] Fano Resonant Optical Coatings Platform for Full Gamut and High Purity Structural Colors Nature Communications, 2023, 14(1): 3960. Structural coloring is a photostable and environmentally friendly coloring approach that harnesses optical interference and nanophotonic resonances to obtain colors with a range of applications including display technologies, colorful solar panels, steganography, decor, data storage, and anticounterfeiting measures. We show that optical coatings exhibiting the photonic Fano Resonance present an ideal platform for structural coloring; they provide full color access, high color purity, high brightness, controlled iridescence, and scalable manufacturing. We show that an additional oxide film deposited on Fano resonant optical coatings (FROCs) increases the color purity (up to 99%) and color gamut coverage range of FROCs to 61% of the CIE color space. For wide-area structural coloring applications, FROCs have a significant advantage over existing structural coloring schemes. Fano resonant optical coatings (FROCs) present an ideal platform for structural coloring from thin-film metamaterials. This platform provides full-color gamut coverage at greater than 61% of the CIE gamut, with exceptionally high purity (up to 99%) and high brightness. FROCs exhibit tunable iridescence, cost-effective and scalable manufacturing, and significant advantages over existing structural coloring schemes.
[231] 全光谱高纯度结构色范诺共振光学涂层平台 自然通讯，2023，14(1): 3960。结构色是一种光稳定且环保的着色方法，利用光学干涉和纳米光子共振来获得具有广泛应用的色彩，包括显示技术、彩色太阳能电池板、隐写术、装饰、数据存储和防伪措施。我们表明，表现出光子范诺共振的光学涂层为结构色提供了一个理想的平台；它们提供全色访问、高色彩纯度、高亮度、可控的彩虹色和可扩展的制造。我们表明，在范诺共振光学涂层（FROCs）上沉积的额外氧化物薄膜提高了 FROCs 的色彩纯度（高达 99%）和色彩色域覆盖率，达到 CIE 色空间的 61%。对于大面积结构色应用，FROCs 相对于现有的结构色方案具有显著优势。范诺共振光学涂层（FROCs）为从薄膜超材料进行结构色提供了一个理想的平台。 该平台提供超过 61%的 CIE 色域的全色域覆盖，具有极高的纯度（高达 99%）和亮度。FROCs 表现出可调的彩虹色，具有成本效益和可扩展的制造，以及相较于现有结构色方案的显著优势。

[232] A Hofmeister Effect Induced Hydrogel Electrolyte–Electrode Interfacial Adhesion Enhancement Strategy for Energy-Efficient and Mechanically Robust Redoxcapacitors Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2023, 11(34): 18135-18145.
[232] 由霍夫迈斯特效应诱导的水凝胶电解质-电极界面粘附增强策略，用于高效和机械坚固的氧化还原超级电容器，《材料化学 A》期刊，2023，11(34)：18135-18145。

[233] Insights into the Correlation of Cross-Linking Modes with Mechanical Properties for Dynamic Polymeric Networks Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 2023, 62(37): e202309058. Simultaneously introducing covalent and supramolecular cross-links into one system to construct dually cross-linked networks, has been proved an effective approach to prepare high-performance materials. However, so far, features and advantages of dually cross-linked networks compared with those possessing individual covalent or supramolecular cross-linking points are rarely investigated. Herein, on the basis of comparison between supramolecular polymer network (SPN), covalent polymer network (CPN) and dually cross-linked polymer network (DPN), we reveal that the dual cross-linking strategy can endow the DPN with integrated advantages of CPN and SPN. Benefiting from the energy dissipative ability along with the dissociation of host-guest complexes, the DPN shows excellent toughness and ductility similar to the SPN. Meanwhile, the elasticity of covalent cross-links in the DPN could rise the structural stability to a level comparable to the CPN, exhibiting quick deformation recovery capacity. Moreover, the DPN has the strongest breaking stress and puncture resistance among the three, proving the unique property advantages of dual cross-linking method. These findings gained from our study further deepen the understanding of dynamic polymeric networks and facilitate the preparation of high-performance elastomeric materials.
[233] 跨交联模式与动态聚合物网络力学性能相关性的见解 Angewandte Chemie-International Edition，2023，62(37)：e202309058。同时将共价和超分子交联引入一个系统中构建双交联网络，已被证明是制备高性能材料的一种有效方法。然而，迄今为止，与仅具有单个共价或超分子交联点的网络相比，双交联网络的特性和优势很少被研究。在此，基于超分子聚合物网络（SPN）、共价聚合物网络（CPN）和双交联聚合物网络（DPN）之间的比较，我们揭示出双交联策略可以使 DPN 具备 CPN 和 SPN 的综合优势。得益于主客体复合物的解离带来的能量耗散能力，DPN 表现出与 SPN 相似的优异韧性和延展性。同时，DPN 中共价交联的弹性可以将结构稳定性提升至与 CPN 相当的水平，展现出快速变形恢复能力。 此外，DPN 在这三种材料中具有最强的抗拉强度和抗穿刺性能，证明了双交联方法的独特性能优势。我们研究获得的结果进一步加深了对动态聚合物网络的理解，并促进了高性能弹性材料的制备。

[234] Evidence of Use of Whole-Body Vibration in Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2023, 20(4). (1) Background: Metabolic syndrome (MSy) is defined by a constellation of interconnected physiological, biochemical, clinical, and metabolic factors that directly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. This systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of whole-body vibration exercise (WBVE) in metabolic syndrome (MSy) individuals. (2) Methods: An electronic search in Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PEDro, and CINAHL databases in December 2022 was performed. Data regarding the included studies were extracted. The level of evidence, the methodological quality, and the risk of bias of each selected publication were individually evaluated. (3) Results: Eight studies were included in the systematic review and four studies in the meta-analysis, with a mean methodological quality score on the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro scale) of 5.6, considered "fair" quality. The qualitative results suggested positive effects of the systemic vibration therapy in relevant outcomes, such as quality of life, functionality, pain level, trunk flexibility, cardiovascular responses (blood pressure and heart rate), neuromuscular activation, range of motion of the knees, rating of perceived exertion, and body composition. The quantitative results, with weighted mean differences, standard mean differences, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated. Conclusions: WBVE may be an alternative capable of interfering with physical-mainly for flexibility with weighted mean differences (1.70; 95% CI 0.15, 3.25; n = 39)-functional, psychosocial, neuromuscular, emotional parameters, and consequently contribute to improvements in metabolic health and reduce the cardiovascular risk factor in MSy individuals. Nevertheless, further additional studies are required to understand the long-term effects of WBVE on MSy and its complications in a better way. Protocol study registration was as follows: PROSPERO (CRD 42020187319).
[234] 全身振动在代谢综合征个体中的应用证据：系统评价与荟萃分析 国际环境与健康研究杂志，2023，20(4)。 (1) 背景：代谢综合征（MSy）是由一系列相互关联的生理、生化、临床和代谢因素组成，这些因素直接增加心血管疾病的风险。本研究通过系统评价和荟萃分析，旨在评估全身振动锻炼（WBVE）对代谢综合征（MSy）个体的影响。 (2) 方法：在 2022 年 12 月，对 PubMed、Embase、Scopus、Web of Science、ScienceDirect、PEDro 和 CINAHL 数据库进行了电子检索。提取了纳入研究的有关数据。对每篇选定的出版物进行了证据水平、方法学质量和偏倚风险的单独评估。 (3) 结果：系统评价纳入了 8 项研究，荟萃分析纳入了 4 项研究，在物理治疗证据数据库（PEDro 量表）上的平均方法学质量评分为 5.6，被认为是“良好”质量。 定性结果表明，系统性振动疗法在相关结果方面具有积极效果，例如生活质量、功能、疼痛水平、躯干灵活性、心血管反应（血压和心率）、神经肌肉激活、膝关节活动范围、感知努力程度评分以及身体成分。定量结果，包括加权平均差异、标准平均差异和 95%置信区间（CI），已计算得出。结论：WBVE 可能是一种能够干扰物理（主要针对灵活性，加权平均差异为 1.70；95% CI 0.15, 3.25；n = 39）、功能、心理社会、神经肌肉、情绪参数的替代方案，从而有助于改善代谢健康并降低 MSy 个体的心血管风险因素。然而，仍需进一步的研究来更好地了解 WBVE 对 MSy 及其并发症的长期影响。协议研究注册如下：PROSPERO（CRD 42020187319）。

[235] Ultrathin Hydrogel Films toward Breathable Skin-Integrated Electronics Advanced Materials, 2023, 35(1): e2206793. On-skin electronics that offer revolutionary capabilities in personalized diagnosis, therapeutics, and human-machine interfaces require seamless integration between the skin and electronics. A common question remains whether an ideal interface can be introduced to directly bridge thin-film electronics with the soft skin, allowing the skin to breathe freely and the skin-integrated electronics to function stably. Here, an ever-thinnest hydrogel is reported that is compliant to the glyphic lines and subtle minutiae on the skin without forming air gaps, produced by a facile cold-lamination method. The hydrogels exhibit high water-vapor permeability, allowing nearly unimpeded transepidermal water loss and free breathing of the skin underneath. Hydrogel-interfaced flexible (opto)electronics without causing skin irritation or accelerated device performance deterioration are demonstrated. The long-term applicability is recorded for over one week. With combined features of extreme mechanical compliance, high permeability, and biocompatibility, the ultrathin hydrogel interface promotes the general applicability of skin-integrated electronics.
[235] 超薄水凝胶薄膜向可呼吸皮肤集成电子器件迈进 先进材料，2023，35(1): e2206793。提供个性化诊断、治疗和人与机器界面革命性功能的皮肤电子器件需要皮肤与电子器件的无缝集成。一个常见的问题是是否可以引入一个理想的界面，直接将薄膜电子器件与柔软的皮肤连接，使皮肤能够自由呼吸，而皮肤集成电子器件能够稳定工作。在这里，报告了一种最薄的水凝胶，它能够适应皮肤上的文字线条和细微细节，而不形成空气间隙，这是通过简便的冷压层方法生产的。水凝胶表现出高水蒸气渗透性，允许几乎无阻碍的经皮水分流失和皮肤下方的自由呼吸。展示了无引起皮肤刺激或加速设备性能退化的水凝胶界面柔性（光）电子器件。记录了超过一周的长期适用性。 具有极端机械顺应性、高渗透性和生物相容性的联合特性，超薄水凝胶界面促进了皮肤集成电子设备的一般适用性。

[236] Chinese Tofu-Inspired Biomimetic Conductive and Transparent Fibers for Biomedical Applications Small Methods, 2023, 7(4): e2201604. Conductive fibers are vital for next-generation wearable and implantable electronics. However, the mismatch of mechanical, electrical, and biological properties between existing conductive fibers and human tissues significantly retards their further development. Here, the concept of neuro-like fibers to meet these aforementioned requirements is proposed. A new wet spinning process is established to continuously produce pure gelatin hydrogel fibers. The key is the controllable and rapid gelation of spinning solutions based on the salting-out effect, which is inspired by the Chinese food tofu. The resultant fibers exhibit neuro-like features of soft-while-strong mechanical properties, high ionic conductivity, and superior biological properties including biodegradability, biocompatibility, and edibility, which are crucial for implanted applications but seldom reported. Furthermore, all-weather suitable neuro-like fibers with excellent anti-freezing and water retention properties are developed by introducing glycerol for wearable applications. The optical fiber, transient electronics, and electronic data glove made of neuro-like fibers profoundly demonstrate their potential in biomedical applications.
[236] 基于豆腐仿生导电和透明纤维在生物医学应用中的研究 小方法，2023，7(4)：e2201604。导电纤维对于下一代可穿戴和植入式电子设备至关重要。然而，现有导电纤维与人体组织在机械、电学和生物性能上的不匹配，严重阻碍了其进一步发展。在此，提出了一种神经纤维的概念以满足上述要求。建立了一种新的湿法纺丝工艺，以连续生产纯明胶水凝胶纤维。关键在于基于盐析效应的可控和快速凝胶化纺丝溶液，这一灵感来源于中国食品豆腐。所得纤维表现出神经纤维的特征，包括柔软而坚固的机械性能、高离子电导率和优异的生物性能，包括生物降解性、生物相容性和可食用性，这对于植入应用至关重要，但很少被报道。此外，通过引入甘油，开发了适用于可穿戴应用的全年适用性神经纤维，具有优异的抗冻和保水性能。 光纤、瞬态电子学和由神经纤维制成的电子数据手套在生物医学应用中充分展示了它们的潜力。

[237] A Multisectoral and Multidisciplinary Endeavor: A Review of Diabetes Self-Management Apps in China BMC Public Health, 2023, 23(1): 1859. BackgroundWhile the use of self-management apps has considerable promise to efficiently reduce the diabetes burden that disproportionally affects low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and the multisectoral and multidisciplinary approaches have been encouraged to be used in diabetes management, little is known about the status of the integration of these approaches in the existing diabetes self-management apps. This review examines the diabetes apps in China as an indication of the current status of integrating multisectoral and multidisciplinary approaches in diabetes mHealth care in LMICs.MethodsEligible diabetes apps were searched on major Chinese app stores up to December 23, 2022. The app comprehensiveness index (ranging 0-80) regarding the app functions and diabetes management domains was created. The multisectoral and multidisciplinary features were summarized using indices derived from current guidance.ResultsSixty-six apps were reviewed, all developed by private companies. The average comprehensiveness score was 16, with many major self-management domains and functions not represented among the reviewed apps. Forty apps (61%) involved multiple sectoral entities, with public/private and private/private collaborations being the most common collaborative combinations. Thirty-seven apps (56%) involved multiple disciplines, among which endocrinology/metabolism, nutrition, and cardiovascular medicine were the top three most common disciplines. Compared to non-multidisciplinary apps, multidisciplinary apps tended to provide more comprehensive services in apps (6.14 vs. 5.18, p = 0.0345). Different sectors and disciplines tended to work independently, without robust interactions, in providing diabetes management services in the reviewed apps.ConclusionMultisectoral and multidisciplinary features has presented in the current diabetes self-management apps in China; however, it is still in its infancy and significant limitations existed. More engagement of civil society organizations and community groups and innovative collaborations between sectors and disciplines are needed to provide comprehensive, continuous, and patient-centered mHealth care for patients with diabetes in LMICs like China. Clear guidance for integrating and evaluating the multisectoral and multidisciplinary efforts in self-management apps is necessary to ensure the effective use of mHealth solutions for diabetes management in LMICs.
[237] 多部门和多学科的努力：中国糖尿病自我管理应用程序综述。BMC 公共健康，2023，23(1)：1859。背景尽管自我管理应用程序在有效减少低中收入国家（LMICs）不成比例影响糖尿病负担方面具有相当大的潜力，并且鼓励在糖尿病管理中使用多部门和多学科的方法，但关于这些方法在现有糖尿病自我管理应用程序中整合状况的了解却很少。本综述以中国糖尿病应用程序为例，考察了在 LMICs 中整合多部门和多学科方法在糖尿病 mHealth 护理中的当前状况。方法截至 2022 年 12 月 23 日，在主要的中国应用程序商店中搜索了符合条件的糖尿病应用程序。创建了关于应用程序功能和糖尿病管理领域的应用程序全面性指数（范围 0-80）。使用当前指南中得出的指标总结了多部门和多学科功能。结果审查了 66 个应用程序，全部由私营公司开发。 平均全面性得分为 16 分，许多主要自我管理领域和功能在所审查的应用程序中未得到体现。40 个应用程序（61%）涉及多个部门实体，其中公共/私营和私营/私营合作是最常见的合作组合。37 个应用程序（56%）涉及多个学科，其中内分泌/代谢、营养和心血管医学是最常见的三个学科。与非跨学科应用程序相比，跨学科应用程序在应用程序中倾向于提供更全面的服务（6.14 vs. 5.18，p = 0.0345）。在所审查的应用程序中，不同部门和学科在提供糖尿病管理服务时往往独立工作，缺乏稳健的互动。结论：当前中国的糖尿病自我管理应用程序中呈现了多部门和跨学科的特点；然而，它仍处于起步阶段，存在重大局限性。 需要更多民间社会组织和社区团体参与，以及各行业和学科之间的创新合作，以向中国等 LMICs 的糖尿病患者提供全面、持续、以患者为中心的 mHealth 医疗服务。明确指导如何整合和评估自我管理应用程序的多部门和跨学科努力，以确保 LMICs 中糖尿病管理 mHealth 解决方案的有效使用。

[238] Advances in Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based Sensor for Detection of Physical and Biochemical Parameters—a Review IEEE Sensors Journal, 2023, 23(2): 1012-1023.
[238] 基于光子晶体光纤的物理和生化参数检测传感器进展——综述 IEEE 传感器杂志，2023，23(2)：1012-1023。

[239] "Salting out" in Hofmeister Effect Enhancing Mechanical and Electrochemical Performance of Amide-Based Hydrogel Electrolytes for Flexible Zinc-Ion Battery Small, 2023, 19(30): e2207610. With the development of flexible and wearable electronic devices, it is a new challenge for polymer hydrogel electrolytes to combine high mechanical flexibility and electrochemical performance into one membrane. In general, the high content of water in hydrogel electrolyte membranes always leads to poor mechanical strength, and limits their applications in flexible energy storage devices. In this work, based on the "salting out" phenomenon in Hofmeister effect, a kind of gelatin-based hydrogel electrolyte membrane is fabricated with high mechanical strength and ionic conductivity by soaking pre-gelated gelatin hydrogel in 2 m ZnSO4 aqueous. Among various gelatin-based electrolyte membranes, the gelatin-ZnSO4 electrolyte membrane delivers the "salting out" property of Hofmeister effect, which improves both the mechanical strength and electrochemical performance of gelatin-based electrolyte membranes. The breaking strength reaches 1.5 MPa. When applied to supercapacitors and zinc-ion batteries, it can sustain over 7500 and 9300 cycles for repeated charging and discharging processes. This study provides a very simple and universal method to prepare polymer hydrogel electrolytes with high strength, toughness, and stability, and its applications in flexible energy storage devices provide a new idea for the construction of secure and stable flexible and wearable electronic devices.
[239] "盐析"在霍夫迈斯特效应中增强基于酰胺的水凝胶电解质柔性锌离子电池的机械和电化学性能 小型，2023，19(30)：e2207610。随着柔性可穿戴电子设备的发展，聚合物水凝胶电解质将高机械柔韧性和电化学性能结合到单一膜中成为一项新挑战。通常，水凝胶电解质膜中水的含量高会导致机械强度差，限制了其在柔性储能设备中的应用。在这项工作中，基于霍夫迈斯特效应中的“盐析”现象，通过将预凝胶化的明胶水凝胶浸泡在 2 m ZnSO4 水溶液中，制备了一种具有高机械强度和离子电导率的明胶基水凝胶电解质膜。在各种明胶基电解质膜中，明胶-ZnSO4 电解质膜表现出霍夫迈斯特效应的“盐析”特性，提高了明胶基电解质膜的机械强度和电化学性能。抗拉强度达到 1.5 MPa。 当应用于超级电容器和锌离子电池时，它可以在重复充放电过程中维持超过 7500 次和 9300 次循环。这项研究提供了一种非常简单且通用的方法来制备具有高强度、韧性和稳定性的聚合物水凝胶电解质，其在柔性储能设备中的应用为构建安全稳定的柔性可穿戴电子设备提供了新的思路。

[240] Specific Alcohol-Responsive Photonic Crystal Sensors Based on Host-Guest Recognition Gels, 2023, 9(2): 83-95. A photonic crystal material based on beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) with adsorption capacity is reported. The materials ((A-beta-CD)-AM PC) consist of 3D poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) colloidal microsphere arrays and hydrogels supplemented with beta-cyclodextrin modified by acryloyl chloride. The prepared materials are then utilized for VOCs gas sensing. The 3D O-(A-beta-CD)-AM PC was used to detect toluene, xylene, and acetone and the response was seen as the red-shift of the reflection peak. The 3D I-(A-beta-CD)-AM PC was used to detect toluene, xylene, and acetone which occurred redshifted, while methanol, ethanol, and propanol and the peaks' red-shifting was observed. However, among these, methanol gave the largest red-shift response The sensor has broad prospects in the detection of alcohol and the detection of alcohol-loaded drug releases in the future.
[240] 基于主客体识别凝胶的特定醇响应光子晶体传感器，2023，9(2)：83-95。报道了一种基于β-环糊精（β-CD）的具有吸附能力的光子晶体材料。材料（A-β-CD-AM PC）由 3D 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）胶体微球阵列和添加了丙烯酰氯修饰的β-环糊精的水凝胶组成。制备的材料随后用于 VOCs 气体传感。3D O-(A-β-CD)-AM PC 用于检测甲苯、二甲苯和丙酮，反射峰出现红移。3D I-(A-β-CD)-AM PC 用于检测甲苯、二甲苯和丙酮，发生红移，同时观察到甲醇、乙醇和丙醇及其峰的红移。然而，在这些物质中，甲醇给出了最大的红移响应。该传感器在检测酒精和未来检测酒精负载药物释放方面具有广阔的应用前景。

[241] Cation Identity in Clay-Polyelectrolyte Self-Assembled Hydrogels: Rheological and Nmr Study of the Polyitaconate-Counterion Interactions Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2023, 656.
[241] 黏土-聚电解质自组装水凝胶中的阳离子识别：聚异戊酸根-反离子相互作用的流变学和核磁共振研究，胶体与表面 A：物理化学与工程学方面，2023，656。

[242] 人工智能在锂离子电池研发中的应用 电化学, 2022, 28(12): 2219003.
[242] 人工智能在锂离子电池研发中的应用，电化学，2022，28(12): 2219003。

[243] A Photonic Hydrogel for Health Self-Monitoring of Solid-State Electrolytes in Zinc-Air Batteries Energy Storage Materials, 2022, 53: 136-147. The solid-state electrolyte is one of the critical components of flexible zinc-air batteries, directly determining its discharge performance via water content. However, the health monitoring of solid-state electrolytes has long been neglected in practical applications due to the unique "half-open " structure of zinc-air batteries. Here, we first report a solid-state electrolyte health monitoring strategy based on photonic metamaterials. The double-network (DN) hydrogels formed by polyacrylamide (PAM) and sodium alginate (SA) were combined with photonic crystals (PhCs) self-assembled from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) nanoparticles to monitor the water content of solid-state electrolytes. The results demonstrate that the dehydration of solid-state electrolytes leads to the shrinkage of the gel volume and the structural color changes (blue shift) of PhCs, real-time monitoring the health of PAM-SA electrolyte and reflecting ionic conductivity of the electrolyte via optical signals. Moreover, a flexible zinc-air battery with the electrolyte of 275 mS cm(-1) exhibits high charging-discharging efficiency (> 80%), and the battery can work at the low temperature of-20 ?. This work provides a strategy for the self-monitoring of solid-state batteries.
[243] 用于锌空气电池固态电解质健康自监测的光子水凝胶 能源存储材料，2022，53：136-147。固态电解质是柔性锌空气电池的关键组成部分之一，通过水分含量直接决定其放电性能。然而，由于锌空气电池独特的“半开放”结构，固态电解质的健康监测在实用应用中一直被忽视。在这里，我们首次报道了一种基于光子超材料的固态电解质健康监测策略。由聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）和海藻酸钠（SA）形成的双网络（DN）水凝胶与由聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）纳米颗粒自组装的光子晶体（PhCs）相结合，以监测固态电解质的水分含量。结果表明，固态电解质的脱水会导致凝胶体积收缩和 PhCs 的结构颜色变化（蓝移），实时监测 PAM-SA 电解质健康状况，并通过光学信号反映电解质的离子电导率。 此外，具有 275 mS cm(-1)电解液的柔性锌空气电池表现出高充放电效率（> 80%），且电池可在-20℃的低温下工作。这项工作为固态电池的自我监控提供了一种策略。

[244] A High Areal Capacity Solid-State Zinc-Air Battery Via Interface Optimization of Electrode and Electrolyte Chemical Engineering Journal, 2022, 430: 132996-133004.
[244] 通过电极和电解液界面优化制备的高比表面积固态锌空气电池，《化学工程期刊》，2022，430：132996-133004。

[245] Hofmeister Effect‐Enhanced Hydration Chemistry of Hydrogel for High‐Efficiency Solar‐Driven Interfacial Desalination Advanced Materials, 2022, 35(5): e2207262. Solar-driven water evaporation technology holds great potential for mitigating the global water scarcity due to its high energy conversion efficiency. Lowering the vaporization enthalpy of water is key to boost the performance of solar-driven desalination. Herein, a highly hydratable hydrogel (PMH) network, consisting of modified needle coke as photothermal material and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as hydratable matrix, is crafted via simple physical cross-linking method. When capitalizing on the PMH as evaporator for 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, a high evaporation rate of 3.18 kg m(-2) h(-1) under one sun illumination is deliver ed, unexpectedly outperforming that in pure water (2.53 kg m(-2) h(-1) ). More importantly, the PMH shows a robust desalination durability, thus enabling a self-cleaning system. Further investigations reveal that the outstanding evaporation performance of PMH in brine roots in its hydrability tuned by chaotropic Cl(-) , wherein the Cl(-) can mediate the hydration chemistry of PVA in PMH and suppress related crystallinity, thus contributing to the increased content of intermediate water and the lowered vaporization enthalpy of brine. This work first scrutinizes the Hofmeister effect on the evaporation behavior of PMH evaporator in brine and provides insights for high-efficiency solar-driven interfacial desalination.
[245] 霍夫迈斯特效应增强水凝胶的高效太阳能驱动界面淡化化学 Advanced Materials，2022，35(5)：e2207262。太阳能驱动水蒸发技术在缓解全球水资源短缺方面具有巨大潜力，因为它具有高能量转换效率。降低水的蒸发焓是提高太阳能驱动淡化性能的关键。在此，通过简单的物理交联方法制备了一种高度水合的水凝胶（PMH）网络，该网络由改性针状焦作为光热材料和聚乙烯醇（PVA）作为水合基质组成。当利用 PMH 作为 3.5 wt% NaCl 溶液的蒸发器时，在单日光照下实现了 3.18 kg m(-2) h(-1)的高蒸发速率，意外地超过了纯水（2.53 kg m(-2) h(-1)）。更重要的是，PMH 表现出优异的淡化耐久性，从而实现自清洁系统。 进一步研究揭示，通过 chaotropic Cl(-)调节的 PMH 在盐根中的优异蒸发性能，其中 Cl(-)可以调节 PMH 中 PVA 的亲水化学并抑制相关结晶性，从而有助于提高中间水的含量和降低盐的蒸发焓。本研究首先仔细研究了 Hofmeister 效应对 PMH 蒸发器在盐溶液中蒸发行为的影响，并为高效太阳能驱动的界面脱盐提供了见解。

[246] Hydrogel-Based Smart Contact Lens for Highly Sensitive Wireless Intraocular Pressure Monitoring ACS Sensors, 2022, 7(10): 3014-3022. Real-time intraocular pressure (IOP) monitoring plays a crucial role in glaucoma diagnosis and treatment. The wireless smart contact lens based on a flexible inductor-capacitor- resistor (LCR) sensor is chip-free and battery-free, demonstrating excellent application potential for physiological signal monitoring. To promote the use of LCR contact lenses for clinical IOP monitoring, reliable, comfortable contact lens materials should be used and excellent sensitivity needs to be realized. Here, we propose a method for producing hydrogel-based smart contact lenses for wireless IOP monitoring that uses the conformal stacking technique, solving the problems of swelling of the hydrogel and spherical integration of the pyramid-microstructured dielectric elastomer. The IOP of the in vitro porcine eye is successfully monitored owing to the high sensitivity of the spherical pyramid-microstructured capacitive pressure sensor and the hydrogel substrate. In addition, a glasses-integrated impedance-matching tunable reader for remote signal measurement is realized by enhancing the signal amplitude and increasing the reading distance, improving the portability of the signal measurement equipment. With the above improved designs, the wireless contact lens system has application potential for clinical IOP monitoring and shows substantial promise for next-generation daily ocular health management.
基于水凝胶的智能隐形眼镜，用于高灵敏度无线眼内压监测 ACS 传感器，2022，7（10）：3014-3022。实时眼内压（IOP）监测在青光眼的诊断和治疗中起着至关重要的作用。基于柔性电感-电容-电阻（LCR）传感器的无线智能隐形眼镜无芯片、无电池，展示了在生理信号监测方面的卓越应用潜力。为了推广 LCR 隐形眼镜在临床 IOP 监测中的应用，应使用可靠、舒适的隐形眼镜材料，并实现优异的灵敏度。在此，我们提出了一种使用共形堆叠技术生产水凝胶基智能隐形眼镜的方法，用于无线 IOP 监测，解决了水凝胶膨胀和金字塔微结构介电弹性体球形集成的难题。由于球形金字塔微结构电容式压力传感器和水凝胶基底的灵敏度高，成功监测了体外猪眼的眼内压。 此外，通过增强信号幅度和增加读取距离，实现了一种眼镜集成阻抗匹配可调读数器，用于远程信号测量，从而提高了信号测量设备的便携性。以上改进设计使得无线接触镜系统在临床眼内压监测方面具有应用潜力，并为下一代日常眼健康管理展现出巨大前景。

[247] Dual-Responsive Photonic Crystal Sensors Based on Physical Crossing-Linking Sf-Pnipam Dual-Crosslinked Hydrogel Gels, 2022, 8(6). Flexible wearable materials have frequently been used in drug delivery, healthcare monitoring, and wearable sensors for decades. As a novel type of artificially designed functional material, photonic crystals (PCs) are sensitive to the changes in the external environment and stimuli signals. However, the rigidity of the PCs limits their application in the field of biometric and optical sensors. This study selects silk fibroin (SF) and poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) as principal components to prepare the hydrogel with the physical crosslinking agent lithium silicate (LMSH) and is then integrated with PCs to obtain the SF-PNIPAM dual-crosslinked nanocomposite for temperature and strain sensing. The structural colors of the PCs change from blue to orange-red by the variation in temperature or strain. The visual temperature-sensing and adhesion properties enable the SF-PNIPAM dual-crosslinked nanocomposite to be directly attached to the skin in order to monitor the real-time dynamic of human temperature. Based on its excellent optical properties and biocompatibility, the SF-PNIPAM dual-crosslinked nanocomposite can be applied to the field of visual biosensing, wearable display devices, and wound dressing materials.
基于物理交联 Sf-Pnipam 双交联水凝胶凝胶的响应性光子晶体传感器，2022，8(6)。柔性可穿戴材料在药物输送、医疗监测和可穿戴传感器领域已使用数十年。作为一种新型人工设计的功能材料，光子晶体（PCs）对外部环境和刺激信号的变化敏感。然而，PCs 的刚性限制了其在生物识别和光学传感器领域的应用。本研究选择丝素蛋白（SF）和聚-N-异丙基丙烯酰胺（PNIPAM）作为主要成分，制备了具有物理交联剂锂硅酸盐（LMSH）的水凝胶，并将其与 PCs 集成，获得用于温度和应变传感的 SF-PNIPAM 双交联纳米复合材料。PCs 的结构颜色随温度或应变的变化从蓝色变为橙红色。视觉温度传感和粘附性能使 SF-PNIPAM 双交联纳米复合材料可以直接附着在皮肤上，以监测人体温度的实时动态。 基于其优异的光学特性和生物相容性，SF-PNIPAM 双交联纳米复合材料可应用于视觉生物传感、可穿戴显示设备和伤口敷料材料领域。

[248] Stimuli-Responsive Polymers for Soft Robotics Annual Review of Control Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 2022, 5(1): 515-545. This article reviews recent progress in the use of stimuli-responsive polymers for soft robotics. First, we introduce different types of representative stimuli-responsive polymers, which include liquid crystal polymers and elastomers, hydrogels, shape memory polymers, magnetic elastomers, electroactive polymers, and thermal expansion actuators. We focus on the mechanisms of actuation and the evaluation of performance and discuss strategies for improvements. We then present examples of soft robotic applications based on stimuli-responsive polymers for bending, grasping, walking, swimming, flying, and sensing control. Finally, we discuss current opportunities and challenges of stimuli-responsive soft robots for future study.
[248] 应激响应聚合物在软体机器人中的应用年度综述，控制机器人与自主系统年度评论，2022，5(1): 515-545。本文综述了近年来使用刺激响应聚合物在软体机器人中的应用进展。首先，我们介绍了不同类型的代表性刺激响应聚合物，包括液晶聚合物和弹性体、水凝胶、形状记忆聚合物、磁性弹性体、电活性聚合物和热膨胀驱动器。我们重点关注驱动机制、性能评估以及改进策略。然后，我们展示了基于刺激响应聚合物的软体机器人应用实例，包括弯曲、抓取、行走、游泳、飞行和感知控制。最后，我们讨论了刺激响应软体机器人在未来研究中的机遇和挑战。

[249] Microphase Separation‐Driven Sequential Self‐Folding of Nanocomposite Hydrogel/Elastomer Actuators Advanced Functional Materials, 2022, 32(24).
[249] 微相分离驱动的纳米复合水凝胶/弹性体驱动器顺序自折叠 Advanced Functional Materials，2022，32(24)

[250] Hofmeister Effect-Enhanced Gelatin/Oxidized Dextran Hydrogels with Improved Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility for Wound Healing Acta Biomaterialia, 2022, 151: 235-253. Compared with other types of hydrogels, natural derived hydrogels possess intrinsic advantages of degradability and biocompatibility. However, due to the low mechanical strength, their potential applica-tions in biomedical areas are limited. In this study, Hofmeister effect-enhanced gelatin/oxidized dextran (Gel/O-Dex) hydrogels were designed with improved mechanical properties and biocompatibility to accel-erate wound healing. Gel and O-Dex were chemically crosslinked through Schiff base reaction of aldehyde and amino groups. After soaking in kosmotrope solutions physical crosslinking domains were induced by Hofmeister effect including alpha-helix structures, hydrophobic interaction regions and helical junction zones among Gel molecular chains. The type of anions played different influence on the properties of hydrogels, which was consistent with the order of Hofmeister series. Particularly, H2PO4 - treated hydrogels showed enhanced mechanical strength and fatigue resistance superior to that of Gel/O-Dex hydrogels. The under-lying mechanism was that the physical crosslinking domains sustained additional mechanical stress and dissipated energy through cyclic association and dissociation process. Furthermore, Hofmeister effect only induced polymer chain entanglements without triggering any chemical reaction. Due to Hofmeister effect of H2PO4 - ions, aldehyde groups were embedded in the center of entangled polymer chains that resulted in better biocompatibility. In the full-thickness skin defects of SD rats, Hofmeister effect-enhanced Gel/O-Dex hydrogels by H2PO4 - ions accelerated wound healing and exhibited better histological morphology than ordinary hydrogels. Therefore, Hofmeister effect by essential inorganic anions is a promising method of improving mechanical properties and biocompatibility of natural hydrogels to promote medical trans-lation in the field of wound healing from bench to clinic.Statement of significanceHofmeister effect enhanced hydrogel mechanical properties in accordance with the order of Hofmeister series through physical crosslinking that induced alpha-helix structures, hydrophobic interaction regions and helical junction zones among Gel molecular chains. Due to the Hofmeister effect of H2PO4 - ions, aldehyde groups were embedded in the center of entangled polymer chains that resulted in better biocompatibil-ity. Hofmeister effect-enhanced Gel/O-Dex hydrogels through H2PO4 - ions accelerated wound healing and exhibited better histological morphology than ordinary hydrogels. Therefore, Hofmeister effect by essen-tial inorganic anions is a promising method to improve mechanical properties and biocompatibility of natural hydrogels for their medical applications.. (c) 2022 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
[250] 霍夫迈斯特效应增强的凝胶/氧化葡聚糖水凝胶：具有改进的力学性能和生物相容性，用于伤口愈合——Acta Biomaterialia，2022，151：235-253。与其他类型的水凝胶相比，天然来源的水凝胶具有可降解性和生物相容性的固有优势。然而，由于力学强度低，它们在生物医学领域的潜在应用受到限制。在本研究中，设计了一种霍夫迈斯特效应增强的明胶/氧化葡聚糖（Gel/O-Dex）水凝胶，具有改进的力学性能和生物相容性，以加速伤口愈合。明胶和 O-Dex 通过醛基和氨基的席夫碱反应进行化学交联。在 kosmotrope 溶液中浸泡后，由霍夫迈斯特效应诱导了物理交联区域，包括 Gel 分子链之间的 α-螺旋结构、疏水相互作用区域和螺旋连接区域。阴离子的类型对水凝胶的性质有不同的影响，这与霍夫迈斯特系列顺序一致。 特别是，经 H2PO4-处理的亲水凝胶显示出比 Gel/O-Dex 水凝胶更优越的机械强度和抗疲劳性。其背后的机制是物理交联域在循环结合和分离过程中承受额外的机械应力并耗散能量。此外，霍夫迈斯特效应仅诱导聚合物链缠结，而没有引发任何化学反应。由于 H2PO4-离子的霍夫迈斯特效应，醛基嵌入到缠结的聚合物链中心，从而提高了生物相容性。在 SD 大鼠的全层皮肤缺损中，H2PO4-离子增强的 Gel/O-Dex 水凝胶加速了伤口愈合，并比普通水凝胶表现出更好的组织学形态。 因此，通过必需的无机阴离子产生的 Hofmeister 效应是提高天然水凝胶机械性能和生物相容性的有前景方法，以促进伤口愈合领域从实验室到临床的医学转化。意义陈述：Hofmeister 效应通过诱导凝胶分子链之间的α-螺旋结构、疏水相互作用区域和螺旋连接区，按照 Hofmeister 系列顺序增强了水凝胶的机械性能。由于 H2PO4-离子的 Hofmeister 效应，醛基嵌入到纠缠的聚合物链中心，从而提高了生物相容性。通过 H2PO4-离子增强的 Gel/O-Dex 水凝胶加速了伤口愈合，并表现出比普通水凝胶更好的组织学形态。因此，通过必需的无机阴离子产生的 Hofmeister 效应是提高天然水凝胶机械性能和生物相容性的有前景方法，以促进其医学应用。（c）2022 Acta Materialia Inc. 由 Elsevier Ltd. 出版。版权所有。

[251] A Universal Post-Treatment Strategy for Biomimetic Composite Hydrogel with Anisotropic Topological Structure and Wide Range of Adjustable Mechanical Properties Biomaterials Advances, 2022, 133: 112654. The development of biomimetic materials with anisotropic topological structure and wide range of adjustable mechanical properties is central to tissue engineering fields. In this work, on the basis of a stiff/stretchable dually crosslinked hydrogel, we paid more attention to the synergistic contribution of the confined drying and re-swelling (CDR) effect and Hofmeister effect to its micro structures, polymer aggregation states and mechanical strength. Specifically, by changing the pre-strains of the CDR procedure and the soaking time during the salting-out procedure, the arrangement structure orientation, chain-entanglement density, and supramolecular interaction strength within the polymer can be adjusted by changing the processing sequence of the two procedures, so that to obtain anisotropic biomimetic hydrogels with adjustable mechanical properties in a wide range. Thus, this engineered anisotropic polymer can mimic the natural tissues??? mechanical properties in regeneration. Moreover and importantly, these anisotropic hydrogels exhibit prominent self-recovery properties. In summary, with the integration of molecular and structural engineering approaches, this study presents a universal strategy for developing anisotropic hydrogels, which could be widely used as biomimetic substitutes with anisotropic features in tissue regeneration.
[251] 具有各向异性拓扑结构和广泛可调机械性能的仿生复合水凝胶的通用后处理策略 生物材料进展，2022，133：112654。开发具有各向异性拓扑结构和广泛可调机械性能的仿生材料是组织工程领域的关键。在本研究中，基于刚性/可拉伸的双交联水凝胶，我们更关注了受限干燥和再吸水（CDR）效应以及霍夫迈斯特效应对其微观结构、聚合物聚集状态和机械强度的协同贡献。具体而言，通过改变 CDR 过程的预应变和盐析过程中的浸泡时间，可以通过改变两个过程的加工顺序来调整聚合物内部的排列结构取向、链缠结密度和超分子相互作用强度，从而获得具有广泛可调机械性能的各向异性仿生水凝胶。因此，这种工程化的各向异性聚合物可以模拟天然组织的 机械性能在再生中的应用。此外，更重要的是，这些各向异性水凝胶表现出显著的自我恢复性能。总之，通过整合分子和结构工程方法，本研究提出了一种开发各向异性水凝胶的通用策略，这些水凝胶可作为具有各向异性特征的生物仿生替代品，在组织再生中得到广泛应用。

[252] Flory-Huggins Voc Photonics Sensor Made of Cellulose Derivatives ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2022, 14(8): 10701-10711. As a widespread air pollutant, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are harmful to the human body's skin, nervous system, and respiratory system. Low-cost, extensive, and continuous detection of VOCs is of great significance to human health. We infiltrated and coated cellulose acetate on the inverse opal photonic crystal skeleton of methylcellulose-polyvinyl alcohol-graphene oxide to construct a degradable, high-toughness cellulose VOC sensor. Cellulose acetate enhances the response to VOCs and achieves a highly selective response to acetone vapor due to the smaller Flory-Huggins parameter with acetone. This work proposes a general, simple, easy-to-use, and highly selective photonic crystal VOC sensor development strategy. Calculated from the Flory-Huggins solution theory, a suitable polymer was selected to modify the inverse opal photonic crystal framework and achieve high selectivity detection.
[252] 以纤维素衍生物为材料的 Flory-Huggins 光子学传感器 ACS 应用材料与界面，2022，14(8)：10701-10711。作为广泛存在的空气污染物，挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）对人体皮肤、神经系统和呼吸系统有害。低成本、广泛和连续检测 VOCs 对人类健康具有重要意义。我们在甲基纤维素-聚乙烯醇-氧化石墨烯光子晶体骨架的逆光子晶体结构上浸渍和涂覆纤维素醋酸酯，构建了一种可降解、高韧性的纤维素 VOC 传感器。由于与醋酮的 Flory-Huggins 参数较小，纤维素醋酸酯增强了 VOCs 的响应，并实现了对醋酮蒸气的极高选择性响应。这项工作提出了一种通用、简单、易于使用且高度选择性的光子晶体 VOC 传感器开发策略。根据 Flory-Huggins 溶液理论计算，选择了一种合适的聚合物来修饰逆光子晶体框架，以实现高选择性检测。

[253] Quantitative Analysis of Structure Color of Photonic Crystal Sensors Based on Hsb Color Space ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2022, 14(30): 35010-35019. The photonic crystals (PhCs) have a bright structural color, but their angular dependence and naked-eye observation subjectivity only apply for qualitative analysis. The HSB color space is a three-channel color analysis technology based on hue (H)-saturation (S)-brightness (B). We use the HSB color space to analyze the structural color of the AM/NIPAM PhCs hydrogel sensor in response to temperature and organic solvents. We proved that the structural color analysis based on the hue value (H) could achieve an analysis accuracy close to the spectrum analysis. In addition, we have obtained stimulus-responsive PhCs structure color images from references and quantitatively analyzed them through the HSB color space. The results show that the H of the structural color can establish a high correlation with the specified target. In some cases, its best fitness exceeds traditional spectroscopy methods. This analysis method will provide a general and quantitative analysis technology for the structural color of PhCs by consumer-grade computers and smartphones.
[253] 基于 HSB 色彩空间的 Photonic 晶体传感器结构色定量分析 ACS 应用材料与界面，2022，14(30)：35010-35019。光子晶体（PhCs）具有鲜艳的结构色，但其角度依赖性和裸眼观察的主观性仅适用于定性分析。HSB 色彩空间是一种基于色调（H）-饱和度（S）-亮度（B）的三通道色彩分析技术。我们使用 HSB 色彩空间分析 AM/NIPAM PhCs 水凝胶传感器对温度和有机溶剂响应的结构色。我们证明了基于色调值（H）的结构色分析可以达到接近光谱分析的精度。此外，我们还从参考文献中获得了刺激响应的 PhCs 结构色图像，并通过 HSB 色彩空间对其进行定量分析。结果表明，结构色的 H 值可以与指定目标建立高度相关性。在某些情况下，其最佳拟合度超过了传统光谱学方法。 该方法将为消费者级电脑和智能手机提供对 PhCs 结构色的一般和定量分析方法。

[254] A Flexible Zinc-Air Battery Using Fiber Absorbed Electrolyte Journal of Power Sources, 2022, 531: 231342-231350. The rise of soft electronic devices has promoted the development and application of flexible metal-air batteries (MABs) with deformable properties. Most traditional flexible batteries are made of gel electrolyte. The complicated process, high cost and many limitations hinder the promotion of flexible MABs. In order to improve the structure and performance of flexible zinc-air batteries (ZABs) and hope to provide new ideas and methods for future research and development. Herein, a distinctive cable-type zinc-air battery (ZAB) is proposed. The composite fiber soaked in KOH solution is used as the electrolyte material of ZAB, which not only avoids the complex process of preparing flexible-based electrolyte, but also realizes the transformation from aqueous battery to flexible battery. Benefiting from the high water absorption and excellent flexibility of fiber electrolyte, the assembled cable-type ZAB can operate under various deformation conditions. When the battery performance deteriorates or fails due to water dissipation in the electrolyte, the performance can be recovered by replenishing electrolyte/water. The service life and performance of battery are improved by reducing water evaporation through the outer wrapping method. The successful application of such batteries in various electronic devices guides the future way.
[254] 一种使用纤维吸收电解质的柔性锌空气电池《电源杂志》，2022，531：231342-231350。柔性电子设备的发展推动了具有变形性能的柔性金属空气电池（MABs）的开发和应用。大多数传统柔性电池由凝胶电解质制成。复杂的过程、高昂的成本和许多限制阻碍了柔性 MABs 的推广。为了提高柔性锌空气电池（ZABs）的结构和性能，并希望为未来的研发提供新的思路和方法。在此，提出了一种独特的电缆型锌空气电池（ZAB）。将浸泡在 KOH 溶液中的复合纤维用作 ZAB 的电解质材料，这不仅避免了制备基于柔性电解质的复杂过程，还实现了从水电池到柔性电池的转变。得益于纤维电解质的高吸水性和优异的柔韧性，组装的电缆型 ZAB 可以在各种变形条件下运行。 当电池因电解质中的水分散而性能下降或失效时，通过补充电解质/水可以恢复性能。通过外包装方法减少水分蒸发，可以提高电池的使用寿命和性能。此类电池在各种电子设备中的成功应用，为未来的发展方向提供了指导。

[255] A Review of Radio Frequency Identification Sensing Systems for Structural Health Monitoring Materials, 2022, 15(21). Structural health monitoring (SHM) plays a critical role in ensuring the safety of large-scale structures during their operational lifespan, such as pipelines, railways and buildings. In the last few years, radio frequency identification (RFID) combined with sensors has attracted increasing interest in SHM for the advantages of being low cost, passive and maintenance-free. Numerous scientific papers have demonstrated the great potential of RFID sensing technology in SHM, e.g., RFID vibration and crack sensing systems. Although considerable progress has been made in RFID-based SHM, there are still numerous scientific challenges to be addressed, for example, multi-parameters detection and the low sampling rate of RFID sensing systems. This paper aims to promote the application of SHM based on RFID from laboratory testing or modelling to large-scale realistic structures. First, based on the analysis of the fundamentals of the RFID sensing system, various topologies that transform RFID into passive wireless sensors are analyzed with their working mechanism and novel applications in SHM. Then, the technical challenges and solutions are summarized based on the in-depth analysis. Lastly, future directions about printable flexible sensor tags and structural health prognostics are suggested. The detailed discussion will be instructive to promote the application of RFID in SHM.
[255] 结构健康监测（SHM）射频识别传感系统综述，2022，15(21)。结构健康监测（SHM）在确保大型结构在其运营寿命期间的安全方面发挥着关键作用，例如管道、铁路和建筑物。在过去的几年里，射频识别（RFID）与传感器的结合在 SHM 领域引起了越来越多的兴趣，这得益于其低成本、无源和免维护的优势。许多科学论文已经证明了 RFID 传感技术在 SHM 中的巨大潜力，例如 RFID 振动和裂纹传感系统。尽管基于 RFID 的 SHM 取得了相当大的进展，但仍有许多科学挑战需要解决，例如多参数检测和 RFID 传感系统的低采样率。本文旨在促进基于 RFID 的 SHM 从实验室测试或建模到大规模实际结构的应用。 首先，基于对 RFID 传感系统基础的分析，分析了将 RFID 转化为被动无线传感器的各种拓扑结构及其工作原理和在结构健康监测（SHM）中的新颖应用。然后，基于深入分析总结了技术挑战和解决方案。最后，关于可打印柔性传感器标签和结构健康预测的未来方向被提出。详细的讨论将有助于促进 RFID 在 SHM 中的应用。

[256] Heterogeneous Structural Color Conductive Photonic Organohydrogel Fibers with Alternating Single and Dual Networks ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2022, 14(49): 54936-54945. Intelligent interactive electronic devices can dynamically respond to and visualize various stimuli, promoting the rapid development of flexible electronics. In this paper, an alternating single- and dual-network design strategy was developed for ingeniously constructing an interactive electronic fiber sensor with heterogeneous structural color (HSCEF sensor). The resulting sensor can rapidly output the synchronous electrical and optical dual signals under strain by adjusting the transport distance of conductive ions and the lattice spacing of the photonic crystal ( approximately 200 ms). Meanwhile, the addition of low-freezing-point glycerol endowed the HSCEF sensor with excellent low-temperature tolerance (-25 degrees C) and cyclic stability. Notably, benefiting from the alternating single- and dual-network structure, the HSCEF sensor exhibits attractive heterogeneous structural color, which achieves colorimetric changes in the full visible light region with high mechanochromic sensitivity (2.25 nm %(-1)) and large wavelength shift (Deltalambda approximately 225 nm). An intelligent wearable interactive sensor is finally used for real-time dynamic detection of joint movements, realizing precise resolution of different amplitudes. This work provides a general strategy to transform conventional photonic gels into heterogeneous structural color ones, and the developed new interactive sensor with rich optical information could be further used for visual health and exercise monitoring, intelligent soft robotics, wearable sensors, etc.
[256] 具有交替单双网络结构的异质结构色导电光子有机水凝胶纤维，ACS 应用材料与界面，2022，14(49)：54936-54945。智能交互式电子设备能够动态响应和可视化各种刺激，推动柔性电子学的快速发展。本文开发了一种交替单双网络设计策略，巧妙构建了具有异质结构色（HSCEF 传感器）的交互式电子纤维传感器。该传感器通过调整导电离子的传输距离和光子晶体的晶格间距（约 200 毫秒）在应变下快速输出同步的电光双信号。同时，添加低凝固点甘油赋予了 HSCEF 传感器优异的低温耐受性（-25 摄氏度）和循环稳定性。 值得注意的是，得益于交替的单双网络结构，HSCEF 传感器展现出诱人的异质结构色，在全可见光区域内实现色度变化，具有高机械色变灵敏度（2.25 nm %(-1)）和大的波长偏移（Deltalambda 约 225 nm）。最终使用智能可穿戴交互式传感器进行关节运动的实时动态检测，实现不同振幅的精确分辨率。这项工作提供了一种将传统光子凝胶转化为异质结构色凝胶的一般策略，开发的新交互式传感器具有丰富的光学信息，可用于视觉健康和运动监测、智能软体机器人、可穿戴传感器等。

[257] Bioinspired Chromotropic Ionic Skin with in-Plane Strain/Temperature/Pressure Multimodal Sensing and Ultrahigh Stimuli Discriminability Advanced Functional Materials, 2022, 32(47): 2208362-2208373. Electronic skins (e-skins) mimic multimodal sensing capabilities of various tactile receptors in natural skin. Herein, a stretchable chromotropic ionic skin is rationally designed to simultaneously detect and decouple multiple stimuli, including in-plane strain, temperature, and pressure. The mutually discriminating trimodal ionic skin consists of mechanochromic, thermoresistive and triboelectric layers that individually function as strain, temperature and pressure sensors, respectively. These three distinct capabilities are integrated into the ionic skin which demonstrates highly sensitive responses to selective external stimuli while upholding high insensitivity to unwanted ones. The structural colors derived from mechanochromic photonic crystals of magnetic ferroferric oxide-carbon nanoparticles respond to strains by color-switching in the full visible spectrum, exhibiting appealing potential in interactive stress visualization. The temperature detection with an exceptional sensitivity of 20.44% per degrees C is enabled by the thermoresistive effect of ionic hydrogel, while oriented polymer chains embedded in the hydrogel decouple temperature from extraneous stimuli. The multilayer structure consisting of an ionic hydrogel film, a wrinkle-patterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film with gradient modulus design and a carbon nanotubes/PDMS electrode displays an extraordinary triboelectric effect with a strain- and temperature-insensitive pressure sensing capability. The chromotropic ionic skin facilitates simultaneously accurate measurements, high discriminability and quantitative mapping of complex stimuli, offering new insights into emerging E-skins.
[257] 受生物启发的色变离子皮肤，具有平面应变/温度/压力多模态传感和超高刺激区分度，先进功能材料，2022，32(47)：2208362-2208373。电子皮肤（e-皮肤）模仿自然皮肤中各种触觉受体的多模态传感能力。在此，一种可拉伸的色变离子皮肤被合理设计，以同时检测和分离多种刺激，包括平面应变、温度和压力。这种相互区分的三模态离子皮肤由机械色变、热阻和摩擦电层组成，分别作为应变、温度和压力传感器单独工作。这三种不同的能力集成到离子皮肤中，该皮肤对选择性外部刺激表现出高度敏感的响应，同时对不想要的刺激保持高不敏感性。由磁性铁氧体-碳纳米粒子的机械色变光子晶体产生的结构颜色通过在可见光谱中颜色切换来响应应变，显示出在交互式应力可视化中的诱人潜力。 具有每摄氏度 20.44%异常灵敏度的温度检测功能，是通过离子水凝胶的热阻效应实现的，而嵌入水凝胶中的取向聚合物链将温度与外界刺激解耦。由离子水凝胶薄膜、具有梯度模量设计的皱纹图案聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）薄膜和碳纳米管/PDMS 电极组成的多层结构，表现出非凡的摩擦电效应，具有应变和温度不敏感的压力传感能力。色变离子皮肤可以同时实现复杂刺激的准确测量、高可区分性和定量映射，为新兴的电子皮肤提供了新的见解。

[258] Bioinspired Chromotropic Ionic Skin with in‐Plane Strain/Temperature/Pressure Multimodal Sensing and Ultrahigh Stimuli Discriminability Advanced Functional Materials, 2022, 32(47).
[258] 具有平面应变/温度/压力多模态传感和超高刺激可区分性的生物启发色变离子皮肤，先进功能材料，2022，32(47)。

[259] Synergy of Hofmeister Effect and Ligand Crosslinking Enabled the Facile Fabrication of Super-Strong, Pre-Stretching-Enhanced Gelatin-Based Hydrogels Soft Matter, 2022, 18(45): 8675-8686. Hydrogels are becoming increasingly popular in biomedical and soft machine manufacturing, but their practical application is limited by poor mechanical properties. In recent years, Hofmeister effect-enhanced gelatin hydrogels have become popular. However, the synergy of the Hofmeister effect using other toughening methods is still less investigated. We have fabricated an ultra-high strength gelatin-based hydrogel by introducing ligand cross-linking and hydrogen bonds. Unlike conventional double-network hydrogels, the dense physical cross-linking involving sacrificial bonds gives the hydrogel excellent fatigue resistance and self-recovery properties. The enhancement of mechanical properties by the Hofmeister effect is attributed to the disruption of the hydration shell of the gelatin molecular chains, which leads to stronger interactions between the molecular chains. The mechanical properties of the hydrogels are adjustable over a wide range by varying the concentration of the soaked (NH4)(2)SO4 solution. The fixation of the gelatin molecular chain orientation by the Hofmeister effect and the reorganization of the coordination bonds allow the hydrogels to be self-reinforced by pre-stretching. At the same time, the modulus contraction of hydrogels in high-concentration salt solutions, and relaxation and swelling in dilute solutions exhibit ionic stimulation responses and shape recovery capability, and hybrid hydrogels have great potential as bio-actuators.
[259] 霍夫迈斯特效应与配体交联协同作用，实现了超强、预拉伸增强的明胶基水凝胶软物质的简便制备，2022，18(45): 8675-8686。水凝胶在生物医学和软机器制造中越来越受欢迎，但它们的实际应用受到较差机械性能的限制。近年来，霍夫迈斯特效应增强的明胶水凝胶变得流行。然而，使用其他强化方法与霍夫迈斯特效应协同作用的研究仍较少。我们通过引入配体交联和氢键制备了一种超高强度明胶基水凝胶。与传统的双网络水凝胶不同，涉及牺牲键的密集物理交联赋予了水凝胶优异的疲劳抵抗性和自恢复性能。霍夫迈斯特效应增强机械性能的原因是破坏了明胶分子链的水化壳，导致分子链之间更强的相互作用。 水凝胶的力学性能可以通过改变浸泡(NH4)(2)SO4 溶液的浓度在很宽的范围内进行调整。通过 Hofmeister 效应固定明胶分子链的取向和重新组织配位键，使得水凝胶可以通过预拉伸实现自增强。同时，在高浓度盐溶液中水凝胶的模量收缩、在稀释溶液中的松弛和溶胀表现出离子刺激响应和形状恢复能力，混合水凝胶作为生物驱动器具有巨大潜力。

[260] Dorsoventral Gradient Hydrogel Fiber Actuators Visualized by Aiegen-Conjugated Nanoparticles Nano Today, 2022, 44. Fiber-shaped actuators made of hydrogels, inspired by plant tendrils, enable large motion and generate more pervasive automation in soft-robotics. However, replicating dorsoventral gradients of plant tendrils in hydrogel fibers remains challenging and unexplored. Herein, we demonstrate a Marangoni flow-induced self-organization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) to construct a dorsoventral gradient network within a single continuous hydrogel fiber allowing helically programmed actuation that mimics plant coiling. Our approach harnesses migration-sedimentation assembly of CNCs in thermosensitive hydrogel precursor solution in the tubing that gradually photocrosslinked to produce monolithic fiber actuators rather than assembly of individual layers with dissimilar swelling properties. In situ fluorescence technology assisted by aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) reveals the localization of CNCs in the hydrogel fiber as well as the interaction of CNCs with the gel matrix. The CNCs get arranged in a dorsoventral gradient fashion along the cross-section of hydrogel fibers due to the synergistic effect of gravity and surface tension. The AIE-assisted visualization of the particle positioning and local microenvironment for gradient hydrogel fibers offers advanced and universal characterization technique for nanocomposite hydrogel materials. (C) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
[260] 通过 AIE 偶联纳米颗粒可视化的背腹梯度水凝胶纤维致动器 纳米技术今天，2022，44。受植物卷须启发的纤维状水凝胶致动器，可实现大范围运动并在软体机器人中产生更广泛的自动化。然而，在凝胶纤维中复制植物卷须的背腹梯度仍然具有挑战性且尚未探索。在此，我们展示了一种由纤维素纳米晶体（CNCs）的 Marangoni 流动诱导的自组织，以构建单个连续凝胶纤维内的背腹梯度网络，从而实现螺旋编程的致动，模仿植物卷曲。我们的方法利用了 CNCs 在热敏感凝胶前驱体溶液中的迁移-沉降组装，在管中逐渐光交联，以产生单块纤维致动器，而不是具有不同膨胀特性的单个层的组装。由聚集诱导发光体（AIEgens）辅助的原位荧光技术揭示了 CNCs 在凝胶纤维中的定位以及 CNCs 与凝胶基质之间的相互作用。 由于重力和表面张力的协同作用，CNCs 在水凝胶纤维横截面上以背腹梯度方式排列。AIE 辅助的梯度水凝胶纤维的粒子定位和局部微环境可视化提供了一种先进的通用表征技术，用于纳米复合水凝胶材料。（C）2022 Elsevier Ltd. 版权所有。

[261] Ultrastrong, Highly Conductive and Capacitive Hydrogel Electrode for Electron-Ion Transduction Matter, 2022, 5(12): 4407-4424. Electron-ion transduction is the cornerstone for promoting emerging ionotronic devices, ranging from basic electronic elements to bioelectronics. However, with commonly used metal electrodes, the electron-ion transduction suffers from high impedance, signal distortion, and poor voltage tolerance. Conductive porous electrodes could partially remedy these issues but are accompanied by mechanical weakness. Herein, a general strategy is discovered to ameliorate these issues by introducing a conducting polymer hydrogel electrode of ultrahigh strength and conductivity with a capacitive behavior. These features are derived from a nanoporous conductive matrix that has pi-pi interactions as both cross-linking sites and electron-transfer pathways and is formed through surface gelation coupled with chemical treatment and controlled densification. This strategy significantly decreases the low-frequency impedance and improves the signal fidelity, without affecting its high-frequency response. Furthermore, excellent biocompatibility and multifunctionality have also been demonstrated, showing the great potential of this strategy for bioelectronic applications and human-machine interfaces.
[261] 超强、高导电和电容性水凝胶电极用于电子-离子转换材料，2022，5(12)：4407-4424。电子-离子转换是促进新兴离子电子学器件（从基本电子元件到生物电子学）的基础。然而，使用常用的金属电极时，电子-离子转换受到高阻抗、信号失真和低电压耐受性差的困扰。导电多孔电极可以部分解决这些问题，但伴随着机械强度不足。在此，发现了一种通用策略，通过引入具有超高强度和导电性以及电容行为的水凝胶电极来改善这些问题。这些特性源于具有π-π相互作用作为交联点和电子转移途径的纳米多孔导电基质，该基质通过表面凝胶化结合化学处理和可控致密化形成。该策略显著降低了低频阻抗并提高了信号保真度，而不影响其高频响应。 此外，优异的生物相容性和多功能性也得到了证实，显示出该策略在生物电子应用和人机界面方面的巨大潜力。

[262] Recent Advances in Polysaccharide-Based Self-Healing Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications Carbohydrate Polymers, 2022, 283: 119161. Hydrogels are a class of polymer materials with three-dimensional networks structure, which can absorb a large number of water and biological fluids. Natural polysaccharides are ideal materials for the preparation of biomimetic hydrogels because of their good biocompatibility and biodegradability. The self-healing hydrogel can achieve healing without external force and prolong the service life of the hydrogel. Therefore, self-healing hydrogels are of great interest in tissue engineering, wound dressings, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. This review aims to introduce the preparation methods, self-healing properties of polysaccharide-based selfhealing hydrogels and its potential applications in biomedicine and other fields.
[262]多糖基自修复水凝胶在生物医学应用中的最新进展. 碳水化合物聚合物，2022，283：119161. 水凝胶是一类具有三维网络结构的聚合物材料，可以吸收大量的水和生物流体。由于天然多糖具有良好的生物相容性和生物降解性，因此它们是制备仿生水凝胶的理想材料。自修复水凝胶可以在没有外部力的作用下实现修复，并延长水凝胶的使用寿命。因此，自修复水凝胶在组织工程、伤口敷料、药物递送和组织工程等领域引起了极大的兴趣。本综述旨在介绍多糖基自修复水凝胶的制备方法、自修复性能及其在生物医学和其他领域的潜在应用。

[263] Global Review of Source Apportionment of Volatile Organic Compounds Based on Highly Time-Resolved Data from 2015 to 2021 Environment International, 2022, 165: 107330. Highly time-resolved data for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can now be monitored. Source analyses of such high time-resolved concentrations provides key information for controlling VOC emissions. This work reviewed the literature on VOCs source analyses published from 2015 to 2021, and assesses the state-of-the-art and the existing issues with these studies. Gas chromatography system and direct-inlet mass spectrometry are the main monitoring tools. Quality control (QC) of the monitoring process is critical prior to analysis. QC includes in-spection and replacement of instrument consumables, calibration curve corrections, and reviewing the data. Approximately 54% published papers lacked details on the quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of QC measures. Among the reviewed works, the number of monitored species varied from 5 to 119, and fraction of papers with more than 90 monitored species increased yearly. US EPA PMF v5.0 was the most commonly used (~86%) for VOC source analyses. However, conventional source apportionment directly uses the measured VOCs and may be problematic given the impacts of dispersion and photochemical losses, uncertainty setting of VOCs data, factor resolution, and factor identification. Excluding species with high-reactivity or estimation of corrected concentrations were often applied to reduce the influence of photochemical reactions on the results. However, most reports did not specify the selection criteria or the specific error fraction values in the uncertainty esti-mation. Model diagnostic indexes were used in 99% of the reports for PMF analysis to determine the factor resolution. Due to lack of known local source profiles, factor identification was mainly achieved using marker species and characteristic species ratios. However, multiple sources had high-collinearity and the same species were often used to identify different sources. Vehicle emissions and fuel evaporation were the primary con-tributors to VOCs around the world. Contribution of coal combustion in China was substantially higher than in other countries.
全球基于 2015 至 2021 年高时间分辨率数据的挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）源解析综述，环境国际，2022，165：107330。现在可以监测 VOCs 的高时间分辨率数据。对这种高时间分辨率浓度的源分析提供了控制 VOCs 排放的关键信息。这项工作回顾了 2015 至 2021 年发表的 VOCs 源分析文献，并评估了这些研究的最新进展和现有问题。气相色谱系统和直接进样质谱是主要的监测工具。在分析之前，监测过程的质量控制（QC）至关重要。QC 包括检查和更换仪器消耗品、校准曲线校正和数据审查。大约 54%发表的论文缺乏对 QC 措施有效性的定量评估细节。在回顾的工作中，监测物种的数量从 5 到 119 不等，每年监测物种数量超过 90 的论文比例逐年增加。美国环保署 PMF v5.0 是最常用的 VOCs 源分析工具（约 86%）。 然而，传统的源解析直接使用测量的 VOCs，考虑到扩散和光化学损失的影响、VOCs 数据的不确定性设定、因子分辨率和因子识别的不确定性，可能会存在问题。通常采用排除高反应性物种或估计校正浓度来减少光化学反应对结果的影响。然而，大多数报告没有指定选择标准或不确定估计中的具体误差分数值。99%的报告使用模型诊断指数进行 PMF 分析以确定因子分辨率。由于缺乏已知的本地源谱，因子识别主要使用标记物种和特征物种比率实现。然而，多个源具有高共线性，相同的物种常被用来识别不同的源。车辆排放和燃料蒸发是全球 VOCs 的主要贡献者。中国煤炭燃烧的贡献远高于其他国家。

[264] Effects of Hydrolysis Degree on the Formation of Ferroelectric-Core Fillers and the Electric Performance of Polyvinyl Alcohol Composites Composites Science and Technology, 2022, 218.
水化度对铁电核填料形成及聚乙烯醇复合材料电性能的影响，复合材料科学与技术，2022，218。

[265] Breathable Electronic Skins for Daily Physiological Signal Monitoring Nano-Micro Letters, 2022, 14(1): 161. With the aging of society and the increase in people's concern for personal health, long-term physiological signal monitoring in daily life is in demand. In recent years, electronic skin (e-skin) for daily health monitoring applications has achieved rapid development due to its advantages in high-quality physiological signals monitoring and suitability for system integrations. Among them, the breathable e-skin has developed rapidly in recent years because it adapts to the long-term and high-comfort wear requirements of monitoring physiological signals in daily life. In this review, the recent achievements of breathable e-skins for daily physiological monitoring are systematically introduced and discussed. By dividing them into breathable e-skin electrodes, breathable e-skin sensors, and breathable e-skin systems, we sort out their design ideas, manufacturing processes, performances, and applications and show their advantages in long-term physiological signal monitoring in daily life. In addition, the development directions and challenges of the breathable e-skin are discussed and prospected.
[265] 可呼吸电子皮肤用于日常生理信号监测 纳米微流信函，2022，14(1)：161。随着社会的老龄化和人们对个人健康的关注增加，日常生活中的长期生理信号监测需求日益增长。近年来，由于电子皮肤（e-skin）在高质量生理信号监测和系统集成方面的优势，其在日常健康监测应用中得到了快速发展。其中，可呼吸电子皮肤近年来发展迅速，因为它适应了日常生活中长期和高舒适度佩戴监测生理信号的需求。在这篇综述中，系统地介绍了可呼吸电子皮肤在日常生活生理监测方面的最新成就，并进行了讨论。通过将它们分为可呼吸电子皮肤电极、可呼吸电子皮肤传感器和可呼吸电子皮肤系统，我们整理了它们的设计理念、制造工艺、性能和应用，并展示了它们在日常生活长期生理信号监测中的优势。 此外，透气型电子皮肤的研发方向和挑战也被讨论和展望。

[266] Soft Tunable Gelatin Robot with Insect-Like Claw for Grasping, Transportation, and Delivery ACS Applied Polymer Materials, 2022, 4(8): 5431-5440. Recently, insect-scale soft robots have received increasing attentions for diverse applications owing to their ability to access hard-to-reach areas. However, most of them are composed of non-degradable materials like PDMS and silicone rubbers, and such chemical inertness may become an obstacle for future clinical applications where tunable material properties or degradation abilities are required. Here, we present a small-scale soft robot from a magnetic gelatin hydrogel, whose mechanical properties can be easily tuned through one-step Hofmeister effected-assisted reaction. Moreover, the robot is designed with insect claw-like legged structure, allowing it to perform grasping and cargo transportation tasks as its non-degradable counterparts. The degradation and controlled delivery ability of the robot are also demonstrated to show the advantages of magnetic hydrogels over non-degradable polymers. Our study provides an alternative for the tunable and degradable millirobot construction with an effective manipulation ability and promotes the applications of millirobot in biomedical sceneries.
[266] 用于抓取、运输和配送的软性可调凝胶机器人，具有类似昆虫爪的结构，ACS 应用聚合物材料，2022，4(8)：5431-5440。近年来，由于能够进入难以到达的区域，昆虫尺寸的软性机器人受到了越来越多的关注。然而，大多数这类机器人由不可降解的材料如 PDMS 和硅橡胶组成，这种化学惰性可能成为未来临床应用中的障碍，在这些应用中需要可调材料性能或降解能力。在这里，我们展示了一种由磁性明胶水凝胶制成的小型软性机器人，其机械性能可以通过一步 Hofmeister 效应辅助反应轻松调节。此外，该机器人设计有类似昆虫爪的腿部结构，使其能够像其不可降解的同类机器人一样执行抓取和货物运输任务。机器人的降解和可控释放能力也得到了展示，这表明磁性水凝胶相对于不可降解聚合物具有优势。 本研究为具有有效操作能力的可调谐和可降解微米机器人构建提供了一种替代方案，并促进了微米机器人在生物医学场景中的应用。

[267] Reconfigurable Mechanochromic Patterns into Chameleon- Inspired Photonic Papers Research, 2022, 2022: 9838071. Photonic crystal (PC) patterns have shown wide applications in optical devices, information encryption, anticounterfeiting, etc. Unfortunately, it is still a great challenge to reconfigure the PC patterns once fabricated. Herein, a new strategy is presented to reconfigure self-recordable PC patterns by printing local patterns into the chameleon-inspired PC papers using the phase change material (PCM) as ink and then erasing the patterns in ethanol. Multicolor and high-resolution (25 and 75 mu m for dot and lines, respectively) patterns can be efficiently and repeatedly reconfigured. In addition, the photonic patterns based on the PC paper and PCM combinations are gifted with mechanochromic characteristics and can show programmable and reversible color change under pressure. The high melting point of the ink, nonclosely packed structures of the PC paper, and the similar solubility parameter of PC paper, PCM, and ethanol are the keys for all these characteristics. This work offers a simple, flexible, efficient way to reconfigure PC patterns with mechanochromic properties and could open up exciting applications for novel hand-operation-based anticounterfeiting and optical devices.
[267] 可重构机械变色图案应用于变色龙启发光子纸张研究，2022，2022: 9838071。光子晶体（PC）图案在光学器件、信息加密、防伪等领域显示出广泛的应用。不幸的是，一旦制造，重新配置 PC 图案仍然是一个巨大的挑战。在此，提出了一种新策略，通过使用相变材料（PCM）作为墨水，将局部图案打印到变色龙启发的 PC 纸张上，然后在乙醇中擦除图案，以重新配置自记录的 PC 图案。可以有效地重复配置多色和高分辨率（点状图案为 25 和 75 微米，线条图案为 25 和 75 微米）的图案。此外，基于 PC 纸张和 PCM 组合的光子图案具有机械变色特性，在压力下可以显示可编程和可逆的颜色变化。墨水的高熔点、PC 纸张的非紧密堆积结构和 PC 纸张、PCM 和乙醇的相似溶解度参数是所有这些特性的关键。 这项工作提供了一种简单、灵活、高效的方法来重新配置具有机械变色特性的 PC 模式，并可能为基于新型手操作的反伪造和光学设备开辟令人兴奋的应用。

[268] Single Fibre Enables Acoustic Fabrics Via Nanometre-Scale Vibrations Nature, 2022, 603(7902): 616-+. Fabrics, byvirtue of their composition and structure, have traditionally been used as acoustic absorbers(1,2). Here, inspired bythe auditory system(3), we introduce a fabric that operates as a sensitive audible microphone while retaining the traditional qualities of fabrics, such as machine washability and draping. The fabric medium is composed of high-Young's modulus textile yarns in the weft of a cotton warp, convertingtenuous 10(-7)-atmosphere pressure waves at audible frequencies into lower-order mechanical vibration modes. Woven into the fabric is a thermally drawn composite piezoelectric fibre that conforms to the fabric and converts the mechanical vibrations into electrical signals. Keyto the fibre sensitivity is an elastomeric cladding that concentrates the mechanical stress in a piezocomposite layer with a high piezoelectric charge coefficient of approximately 46 picocoulombs per newton, a result of the thermal drawing process. Concurrent measurements of electric output and spatial vibration patterns in response to audible acoustic excitation reveal that fabric vibrational modes with nanometre amplitude displacement are the source of the electrical output of the fibre. With the fibre subsuming lessthan 0.1% of the fabric byvolume, a single fibre draw enables tens of square metres of fabric microphone. Three different applications exemplify the usefulness of this study: a woven shirt with dual acoustic fibres measuresthe precise direction of an acoustic impulse, bidirectional communications are established between two fabrics working as sound emitters and receivers, and a shirt auscultates cardiac sound signals.
[268] 单纤维通过纳米级振动实现声学织物《自然》，2022，603(7902)：616-+. 由于其组成和结构，织物传统上被用作声学吸收材料（1，2）。在这里，受听觉系统（3）的启发，我们介绍了一种织物，它作为敏感的听觉麦克风运行，同时保留了织物的传统特性，如可机洗和垂坠。织物介质由高杨氏模量的纺织纱线组成，这些纱线在棉经的纬向排列，将微弱的 10(-7)大气压波在可听频率下转换为低阶机械振动模式。织物中织入了热拉伸复合压电纤维，该纤维与织物相匹配，并将机械振动转换为电信号。纤维灵敏度的关键是弹性包层，它将机械应力集中在具有高约 46 皮库仑/牛顿压电电荷系数的压电复合材料层中，这是热拉伸过程的结果。 对可听声学激励的连续测量揭示了纳米级位移振幅的织物振动模式是纤维电输出的来源。由于纤维仅占织物体积的不到 0.1%，单根纤维拉伸即可实现数十平方米的织物麦克风。三种不同的应用实例说明了这项研究的实用性：一件带有双声学纤维的编织衬衫可以测量声脉冲的精确方向，两个作为声发射器和接收器的织物之间建立了双向通信，以及一件衬衫可以听取心脏声音信号。

[269] Highly Flexible and Broad-Range Mechanically Tunable All-Wood Hydrogels with Nanoscale Channels Via the Hofmeister Effect for Human Motion Monitoring Nano-Micro Letters, 2022, 14(1): 84. Wood-based hydrogel with a unique anisotropic structure is an attractive soft material, but the presence of rigid crystalline cellulose in natural wood makes the hydrogel less flexible. In this study, an all-wood hydrogel was constructed by cross-linking cellulose fibers, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) chains, and lignin molecules through the Hofmeister effect. The all-wood hydrogel shows a high tensile strength of 36.5 MPa and a strain up to similar to 438% in the longitudinal direction, which is much higher than its tensile strength (similar to 2.6 MPa) and strain (similar to 198%) in the radial direction, respectively. The high mechanical strength of all-wood hydrogels is mainly attributed to the strong hydrogen bonding, physical entanglement, and van der Waals forces between lignin molecules, cellulose nanofibers, and PVA chains. Thanks to its excellent flexibility, good conductivity, and sensitivity, the all-wood hydrogel can accurately distinguish diverse macroscale or subtle human movements, including finger flexion, pulse, and swallowing behavior. In particular, when "An Qi" was called four times within 15 s, two variations of the pronunciation could be identified. With recyclable, biodegradable, and adjustable mechanical properties, the all-wood hydrogel is a multifunctional soft material with promising applications, such as human motion monitoring, tissue engineering, and robotics materials.
[269] 通过霍夫迈斯特效应实现高度灵活和广泛范围机械可调的全木质水凝胶，具有纳米级通道，用于人体运动监测——纳米-微流信函，2022，14(1)：84。具有独特各向异性结构的基础水凝胶是一种有吸引力的软材料，但天然木材中刚性结晶纤维素的存在使得水凝胶的柔韧性降低。在本研究中，通过霍夫迈斯特效应，通过交联纤维素纤维、聚乙烯醇（PVA）链和木质素分子构建了全木质水凝胶。全木质水凝胶表现出高达 36.5 MPa 的拉伸强度和纵向方向上的应变高达约 438%，分别远高于其径向方向的拉伸强度（约 2.6 MPa）和应变（约 198%）。全木质水凝胶的高机械强度主要归因于木质素分子、纤维素纳米纤维和 PVA 链之间的强氢键、物理缠结和范德华力。 得益于其卓越的柔韧性、良好的导电性和灵敏度，全木质水凝胶能够准确区分各种宏观或微妙的运动，包括手指屈曲、脉搏和吞咽行为。特别是，当在 15 秒内四次呼唤“安琪”时，可以识别出两种发音变体。具有可回收、生物降解和可调机械性能的全木质水凝胶是一种多功能软材料，具有广阔的应用前景，如人体运动监测、组织工程和机器人材料。

[270] Cooperative Chloride Hydrogel Electrolytes Enabling Ultralow-Temperature Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries by the Hofmeister Effect Nano-Micro Letters, 2022, 14(1): 98. Aqueous zinc ion batteries have high potential applicability for energy storage due to their reliable safety, environmental friendliness, and low cost. However, the freezing of aqueous electrolytes limits the normal operation of batteries at low temperatures. Herein, a series of high-performance and low-cost chloride hydrogel electrolytes with high concentrations and low freezing points are developed. The electrochemical windows of the chloride hydrogel electrolytes are enlarged by> 1 V under cryogenic conditions due to the obvious evolution of hydrogen bonds, which highly facilitates the operation of electrolytes at ultralow temperatures, as evidenced by the low-temperature Raman spectroscopy and linear scanning voltammetry. Based on the Hofmeister effect, the hydrogen-bond network of the cooperative chloride hydrogel electrolyte comprising 3 M ZnCl2 and 6 M LiCl can be strongly interrupted, thus exhibiting a sufficient ionic conductivity of 1.14 mS cm(-1) and a low activation energy of 0.21 eV at -50 degrees C. This superior electrolyte endows a polyaniline/Zn battery with a remarkable discharge specific capacity of 96.5 mAh g(-1) at -50 degrees C, while the capacity retention remains similar to 100% after 2000 cycles. These results will broaden the basic understanding of chloride hydrogel electrolytes and provide new insights into the development of ultralow-temperature aqueous batteries.
[270] 通过霍夫迈斯特效应实现超低温水系锌离子电池的协同氯化氢凝胶电解质纳米-微流信函，2022，14(1): 98。水系锌离子电池由于其可靠的安全性、环保性和低成本，在储能方面具有很高的潜在应用价值。然而，水系电解质的冻结限制了电池在低温下的正常工作。在此，开发了一系列高性能、低成本、高浓度和低冰点的氯化氢凝胶电解质。由于氢键的明显演变，氯化氢凝胶电解质的电化学窗口在低温条件下扩大了>1 V，这极大地促进了电解质在超低温下的运行，低温拉曼光谱和线性扫描伏安法证实了这一点。基于霍夫迈斯特效应，由 3 M ZnCl2 和 6 M LiCl 组成的协同氯化氢凝胶电解质的氢键网络可以被强烈中断，因此在-50 摄氏度下表现出足够的离子电导率 1.14 mS cm(-1)和低活化能 0.21 eV。 这种优异的电解质赋予聚苯胺/锌电池在-50 摄氏度下显著的放电比容量 96.5 mAh g(-1)，而经过 2000 次循环后容量保持率仍接近 100%。这些结果将拓宽对氯化水凝胶电解质的基本理解，并为超低温水系电池的发展提供新的见解。

[271] Shape-Selective One-Step Synthesis of Branched Gold Nanoparticles on the Crystal Surface of Redox-Active Pdii-Macrocycles Dalton Transactions, 2022, 51(4): 1318-1324. The synthesis of branched gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with shape- and size-specific optical properties requires effective control of the particle formation mechanism using appropriate reducing agents and protective agents that prevent particle aggregation in solution. In this context, the heterogeneous synthesis of AuNPs using solid surfaces of graphene oxides and metal-organic frameworks has attracted much attention. These materials are characterized by their ability to immobilize and stabilize the particles grown on the surface without the need for additional protective agents. However, the shape- and size-selective synthesis of AuNPs using solid surfaces remains challenging. Herein, we report the shape-selective one-step synthesis of monodisperse branched AuNPs using a metal-macrocycle framework (MMF), a porous molecular crystal of PdII3-tris(phenylenediamine) macrocycle. Konpeito-Shaped branched AuNPs with uniform size were obtained on the surface of MMF by mixing HAuCl(4).4H(2)O, L-ascorbic acid and MMF microcrystals. Spectroscopic and microscopic observations confirmed that MMF promoted the reduction of gold by its reductive activity as well as acted as a solid support to electrostatically immobilize the pseudo-seed particles for further growth on the crystal surface. In addition, the MMF also served as a substrate for in situ high-speed AFM imaging due to the effective immobilization of AuNPs on the surface, allowing direct visualization of the particle growth. Since the chemical structural features of MMF allow the growth of branched AuNPs via pseudo-seeding, this approach would provide new synthetic methods for obtaining a variety of gold nanostructures.
[271] 基于氧化石墨烯和金属有机框架固体表面的形状选择一步合成枝状金纳米粒子 Dalton Transactions，2022，51(4)：1318-1324。具有形状和尺寸特定光学性质的枝状金纳米粒子（AuNPs）的合成，需要通过使用适当的还原剂和保护剂来有效控制粒子形成机制，以防止溶液中的粒子聚集。在此背景下，利用氧化石墨烯和金属有机框架固体表面进行 AuNPs 的异相合成引起了广泛关注。这些材料的特点是能够在无需额外保护剂的情况下固定和稳定表面生长的粒子。然而，利用固体表面进行 AuNPs 的形状和尺寸选择合成仍然具有挑战性。在此，我们报道了使用金属-大环框架（MMF），即 PdII3-三苯二胺大环的孔隙分子晶体，进行单分散枝状 AuNPs 的形状选择一步合成。 通过混合 HAuCl(4).4H(2)O、L-抗坏血酸和 MMF 微晶，在 MMF 表面获得了均匀尺寸的分支 AuNPs。光谱和显微镜观察证实，MMF 通过其还原活性促进了金的还原，同时作为固体支撑，静电固定伪种子颗粒以在晶体表面进一步生长。此外，由于 AuNPs 在表面的有效固定，MMF 还充当了原位高速 AFM 成像的基底，允许直接可视化颗粒生长。由于 MMF 的化学结构特征允许通过伪种子生长分支 AuNPs，这种方法将为获得各种金纳米结构提供新的合成方法。

[272] Recyclable Silicone Elastic Light-Triggered Actuator with a Reconfigurable Janus Structure and Self-Healable Performance Polymer Chemistry, 2022, 13(6): 829-837. Silicone rubber is a type of elastomer that possesses excellent biocompatibility and a good resistance to high and low temperatures and can be used as the matrix of smart materials in the biomedical field. As one of the attractive functions of smart materials, their regional shape transformation behavior under multiple stimuli is very useful. In order to produce silicone elastomers with these characteristics, a special structure such as a Janus structure is usually required. Herein, a novel strategy to prepare a silicone elastic light-triggered actuator with a Janus structure has been developed, which was fabricated via heterogeneous crosslinking induced by a gradient intensity of UV light due to carbon nanotube (CNT) accretion. By tailoring the geometric shapes, the region and time of the UV irradiation and the location of the stimulus, the Janus membranes can be programmed with multiple types of deformations and exhibit a shape transformation triggered by organic solvent or laser irradiation. Additionally, the membrane can be readily switched between Janus and homogeneous structures due to the reversible dimerization of anthracene, resulting in the reconfiguration of the membrane. Meanwhile, the composite membrane exhibits an excellent self-healing ability at 60 °C, or even room temperature, and can be recycled repeatedly via the hot-pressing or solution casting methods because of the introduction of reversible imine bonds into the crosslinked networks. This strategy provides significant guidance for the design of self-healable and reconfigurable soft biocompatible actuators, and so forth.
[272] 具有可重构阴阳结构和自修复性能聚合物化学的回收硅弹性光触发驱动器，2022，13(6)：829-837。硅橡胶是一种具有优异生物相容性和良好耐高低温性能的弹性体，可用作生物医学领域的智能材料基质。作为智能材料的一个吸引人的功能，它们在多种刺激下的区域形状转换行为非常有用。为了生产具有这些特性的硅弹性体，通常需要特殊的结构，如阴阳结构。在此，开发了一种制备具有阴阳结构的硅弹性光触发驱动器的新策略，该策略通过碳纳米管（CNT）沉积引起的梯度强度紫外光诱导的异相交联来制造。通过调整几何形状、紫外辐照的区域和时间以及刺激的位置，可以编程阴阳膜以实现多种类型的变形，并表现出由有机溶剂或激光辐照触发的形状转换。 此外，由于蒽的可逆二聚化，膜可以轻松地在 Janus 结构和均质结构之间切换，从而导致膜的重构。同时，复合膜在 60°C 或室温下表现出优异的自修复能力，并且由于在交联网络中引入了可逆亚胺键，可以通过热压或溶液浇铸方法反复回收。这种策略为自修复和可重构软生物相容性执行器的开发提供了重要指导。

[273] Continuously Growing Multi-Layered Hydrogel Structures with Seamless Interlocked Interface Matter, 2022, 5(2): 634-653. Many natural tissues feature layered structures for multi-functionality as each layer consists of different cell types and therefore exhibits unique physicochemical properties. Creating such complex multilayered structures in human-made soft materials is hardly achievable with common gelation methods, lacking spatiotemporal control, and thus demands a living polymerization-based controllable continuous growing process to imitate bio-tissue growth. Herein, a method, namely, ultraviolet-triggered surface catalytically initiated radical polymerization (UV-SCIRP), is demonstrated in living growth of uniform hydrogel layers at room temperature, facilitated by the in situ generation of Fe2+ ion catalysts from the surface-bound Fe3+ ions of the hydrogel substrate. Reiterative application of UV-SCIRP enables fabrication of multi-layered hydrogels with diverse components and layered features. The surface-catalyzed gelation makes the method effective in constructing complex hydrogel patterns, non-flat arbitrary-shaped hydrogel objects, and blood vessel-like intricate multi-layered hydrogel tubes. This work manifests a new route to engineer bioinspired structural hydrogels and complex soft architectures with on-demand functions.
[273] 持续生长的多层水凝胶结构及其无缝互锁界面物质，2022，5(2)：634-653。许多天然组织具有分层结构，以实现多功能性，因为每一层由不同的细胞类型组成，因此表现出独特的物理化学性质。在人工软材料中创建如此复杂的多层结构，使用常规凝胶化方法几乎无法实现，缺乏时空控制，因此需要基于活体聚合的受控连续生长过程来模仿生物组织生长。在此，展示了一种方法，即紫外触发的表面催化引发自由基聚合（UV-SCIRP），在室温下通过水凝胶基底的表面结合的 Fe3+离子原位生成 Fe2+离子催化剂，促进了均匀水凝胶层的活体生长。重复应用 UV-SCIRP 可以实现具有不同成分和分层特征的多层水凝胶的制造。 表面催化凝胶化使该方法在构建复杂水凝胶图案、非平面任意形状水凝胶物体和血管状复杂多层水凝胶管方面有效。这项工作展示了一种工程化生物启发结构水凝胶和具有按需功能的复杂软结构的新途径。

[274] Preparation of a Glucose-Sensitive One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Top-Down Nanocasting Analytical Methods, 2022, 14(37): 3638-3643. Photonic crystals have been widely explored for biosensing. However, the complicated procedure for the self-assembly of multi-dimensional photonic crystals has driven researchers to look for more economical protocols for preparing photonic crystals. Furthermore, in situ monitoring of glucose with photonic crystals is the main technique used for controlling diabetes. A one-dimensional (1-D) photonic crystal gel sensor was prepared with a top-down method using a commercially available CD-R or DVD-R disc as a nanomold. The 1-D photonic structure was cast on a glucose-sensitive hydrogel. It was observed that the 1-D photonic crystal cast by DVD-R has a good response ability to glucose, as well as a good linear response relationship in the range of 0.1-4 mM glucose, with an adjusted R-2 of 0.99 of the linear fitting curve. The sensor also has a good response ability to the detection of glucose in urine. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.1 mM. The 1-D photonic crystal sensor utilizing the existing optical disc microstructure as a template shows the advantages of its simple preparation, short production cycle, and low cost. It also has great application potential in the preparation of point-of-care (POC) sensors.
[274] 利用商业 CD-R 或 DVD-R 光盘作为纳米模具，采用自上而下方法制备葡萄糖敏感一维光子晶体纳米铸模分析方法的制备，2022，14(37): 3638-3643。光子晶体已被广泛用于生物传感。然而，多维度光子晶体自组装的复杂程序促使研究人员寻找更经济的制备光子晶体方案。此外，利用光子晶体原位监测葡萄糖是控制糖尿病的主要技术。通过自上而下方法，以商用 CD-R 或 DVD-R 光盘为纳米模具制备了一维（1-D）光子晶体凝胶传感器。观察到 DVD-R 铸制的一维光子晶体对葡萄糖具有良好的响应能力，以及在 0.1-4 mM 葡萄糖范围内的良好线性响应关系，线性拟合曲线的调整 R-2 值为 0.99。该传感器对尿液中的葡萄糖检测也具有良好的响应能力。检测限（LOD）为 0.1 mM。 利用现有光盘微结构作为模板的 1D 光子晶体传感器，展示了其简单制备、短生产周期和低成本的优势。它还在制备即时检测（POC）传感器方面具有很大的应用潜力。

[275] Biomimetic Chiral Photonic Materials with Tunable Metallic Colorations Prepared from Chiral Melanin-Like Nanorods for Uv Shielding, Humidity Sensing, and Cosmetics Langmuir, 2022, 38(26): 8114-8124. Many biological species combine the helical organization of cellulose or chitin microfibrils with broadband light absorption of black melanin to produce brilliant structural colors with metallic and glossy effects and other diverse functions. In this work, based on core-shell CNC@PDA chiral nanorods consisting of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as the core and melanin-like polydopamine (PDA) as the shell that can form welldefined chiral liquid crystal phases, we report chiral photonic materials that closely mimic the unique coloration mechanisms and functionalities mastered by several biological species. The photonic films formed by such single CNC@PDA nanorods have brilliant iridescent structural colors originating from selective reflection of circularly polarized lights by the helical organization of CNC@PDAs across the films. Furthermore, the colors of such films have background-independent brightness, high visibility, and metallic effects that arise from the light absorption of the PDA component. Especially, the color ranges and metallic effects of the films can be conveniently tuned by varying the thickness of the PDA shell. In addition, the UV absorption and hygroscopic properties of PDA endow these CNC@PDA films with efficient broadband UV shielding and sensitive humidity-induced dynamic color changes. Due to the mussel-like superior adhesion of PDA, CNC@PDAbased photonic coatings can be formed conformably onto diverse kinds of substrates. A shiny eye shadow with viewing angle dependent colorful patterns was used to demonstrate the potential applications. With combinations of multiple unique properties in one photonic material fabricated from a single building block, these CNC@PDA-based films are expected to have potential applications in cosmetics, UV protection, anticounterfeiting, chiral reflectors, etc.
[275] 从手性黑色素类纳米棒制备的可调金属色光子材料，用于紫外线屏蔽、湿度传感和化妆品，Langmuir，2022，38(26)：8114-8124。许多生物物种将纤维素或几丁质微纤维的螺旋组织与黑色黑色素的光宽带吸收相结合，产生具有金属光泽和多种功能的鲜艳结构色。在本工作中，基于以纤维素纳米晶体（CNCs）为核、黑色素类聚多巴胺（PDA）为壳的核壳 CNC@PDA 手性纳米棒，该纳米棒可以形成明确的手性液晶相，我们报道了一种手性光子材料，其颜色机制和功能与几种生物物种掌握的独特机制相似。由这种单 CNC@PDA 纳米棒形成的光子薄膜具有由薄膜中 CNC@PDAs 螺旋组织对圆偏振光的选择性反射产生的鲜艳的彩虹色结构色。 此外，这类薄膜的颜色具有背景无关的亮度、高可见性和由 PDA 成分的光吸收产生的金属效果。特别是，通过调节 PDA 壳的厚度，可以方便地调整薄膜的颜色范围和金属效果。此外，PDA 的紫外吸收和吸湿性能赋予了这些 CNC@PDA 薄膜高效的宽带紫外屏蔽和敏感的湿度诱导动态颜色变化。由于 PDA 类似贻贝的优异粘附性，基于 CNC@PDAb 的光子涂层可以均匀地涂覆在多种基材上。使用视角依赖的彩色图案的闪亮眼影来展示其潜在应用。通过将单一构建块中多个独特的性质结合在一起，这些基于 CNC@PDA 的薄膜有望在化妆品、紫外线防护、防伪、手性反射器等领域具有潜在应用。

[276] Finely Tunable Dynamical Coloration Using Bicontinuous Micrometer-Domains Nature Communications, 2022, 13(1): 3619. Nanostructures similar to those found in the vividly blue wings of Morpho butterflies and colorful photonic crystals enable structural color through constructive interference of light waves. Different from commonly studied structure-colored materials using periodic structures to manipulate optical properties, we report a previously unrecognized approach to precisely control the structural color and light transmission via a novel photonic colloidal gel without long-range order. Nanoparticles in this gel form micrometer-sized bicontinuous domains driven by the microphase separation of binary solvents. This approach enables dynamic coloration with a precise wavelength selectivity over a broad range of wavelengths extended well beyond the visible light that is not achievable with traditional methods. The dynamic wavelength selectivity is thermally tunable, reversible, and the material fabrication is easily scalable. Structural colors are often produced by periodic structured materials leading to the constructive interference of light waves. Here, the authors report control of structural color and light transmission via a colloidal gel and dynamic coloration with a precise wavelength selectivity over a broad range of wavelengths by taking advantage of the Christiansen effect.
[276] 利用双连续微米级域精细可调动态着色，Nature Communications，2022，13(1)：3619。类似于在蓝蝶鲜艳的蓝色翅膀和彩色光子晶体中发现的纳米结构，通过光波的相干干涉实现结构色。与通常研究的利用周期性结构来操控光学性质的周期性结构色材料不同，我们报道了一种以前未被认识的方法，通过一种新型无长程有序的光子胶体，精确控制结构色和光传输。这种胶体中的纳米粒子在二元溶剂的微相分离驱动下形成微米级双连续域。这种方法可以实现具有精确波长选择性的动态着色，波长范围广泛，远超可见光，这是传统方法无法实现的。动态波长选择性可热调控，可逆，且材料制备易于规模化。结构色通常由周期性结构材料产生，导致光波的相干干涉。 在这里，作者们报告了通过胶体凝胶控制结构色和光传输，并利用克里斯蒂安森效应在广泛的波长范围内实现精确的波长选择性动态着色。

[277] Hierarchical Porous Metal-Organic Gels and Derived Materials: From Fundamentals to Potential Applications Chemical Society Reviews, 2022, 51(21): 9068-9126. Metal-organic gels (MOGs) emerged as a novel class of functional soft materials in which the scaffolding framework is fabricated by metal-ligand coordination in combination with other supramolecular interactions (for example, hydrogen bonding or pi-pi stacking). Through the combination of organic and inorganic (metal/metal-oxo clusters) building blocks, significant steps forward have been made in the development of new electrochemical sensors, superhydrophobic materials and ion storage devices, among others. These leaps forward are to some extend induced by the intrinsic hierarchical microporous/mesoporous pore structure of these metal-organic materials. Within this review we give an overview of recent developments of this growing field. First, we shed light onto the parallels to the well-established field of conventional gels and outline similarities and differences. Afterwards, we classify different types of MOGs according to their architectural/structural nature: (1) pristine MOGs, (2) hybrid MOGs, (3) crosslinking-based MOGs and (4) MOG-derived materials. Furthermore, we look at the different properties of MOGs and the requirements for the preparation of spatially patterned macro-structured MOGs by emerging additive manufacturing technologies. Moreover, different potential fields of application for MOGs and MOG derived materials are critically evaluated and potential improvements and pitfalls in comparison to traditional gel-based materials are given. Finally, a comprehensive outlook into future directions for the development of MOGs is provided.
[277] 分级多孔金属有机凝胶及其衍生物：从基础到潜在应用 化学学会评论，2022，51(21)：9068-9126。金属有机凝胶（MOGs）作为一种新型功能软材料出现，其支架框架是通过金属-配体配位结合其他超分子相互作用（例如，氢键或π-π堆积）来构建的。通过结合有机和无机（金属/金属-氧化物簇）构建块，在开发新的电化学传感器、超疏水材料和离子存储设备等方面取得了重大进展。这些进展在一定程度上是由这些金属有机材料的固有分级微孔/介孔孔结构引起的。在本综述中，我们概述了该不断发展的领域的最新进展。首先，我们揭示了与传统凝胶领域的相似之处，并概述了相似性和差异。 之后，我们根据其建筑/结构特性对不同的 MOGs 进行分类：（1）原生 MOGs，（2）混合 MOGs，（3）基于交联的 MOGs 和（4）MOG 衍生的材料。此外，我们还研究了 MOGs 的不同性质以及利用新兴的增材制造技术制备空间图案化宏观结构 MOGs 的要求。此外，对 MOGs 及其衍生物材料的潜在应用领域进行了批判性评估，并给出了与传统基于凝胶材料相比的潜在改进和陷阱。最后，提供了 MOGs 未来发展方向的综合展望。

[278] Bioinspired Dynamic Camouflage in Programmable Thermochromic‐Patterned Photonic Films for Sophisticated Anti‐Counterfeiting Advanced Functional Materials, 2022, 33(7).
[278] 用于复杂防伪的高级功能材料，2022 年，33(7)，生物启发式动态伪装在可编程热致变色图案化光子薄膜中。

[279] Investigation of the Flame Retardant Properties of High-Strength Microcellular Flame Retardant/Polyurethane Composite Elastomers Polymers, 2022, 14(23). Flame retardants (FRs) often reduce the mechanical properties of polymer materials, and FR/microcellular polyurethane elastomer (MPUE) composite materials have not been systemically studied. Hence, we conducted this study on FR/MPUE composites by using multiple liquid FRs and/or expandable graphite (EG). Compared with liquid flame retardants, the LOI of an expandable graphite/dimethyl methylphosphonate (EG/DMMP) (3:1) combination was significantly increased (similar to 36.1%), and the vertical combustion grade reached V-0 without a dripping phenomenon. However, the corresponding tensile strength was decreased by 17.5%. With the incorporation of EG alone, although the corresponding LOI was not a match with that of DMMP/EG, there was no droplet phenomenon. In addition, even with 15 wt% of EG, there was no significant decline in the tensile strength. Cone calorimeter test results showed that PHRR, THR, PSPR, and TSR were significantly reduced, compared to the neat MPUE, when the EG content surpassed 10 wt%. The combustion process became more stable and thus the fire risk was highly reduced. It was found that flame retardancy and mechanical properties could be well balanced by adding EG alone. Our proposed strategy for synthesizing FR/MPUE composites with excellent flame retardancy and mechanical properties was easy, effective, low-cost and universal, which could have great practical significance in expanding the potential application fields of MPUEs.
[279] 高强度微孔阻燃/聚氨酯弹性体聚合物阻燃性能研究，2022，14(23)。阻燃剂（FRs）通常降低聚合物材料的机械性能，FR/微孔聚氨酯弹性体（MPUE）复合材料尚未得到系统研究。因此，我们通过使用多种液体阻燃剂和/或膨胀石墨（EG）对 FR/MPUE 复合材料进行了研究。与液体阻燃剂相比，可膨胀石墨/二甲基甲基膦酸酯（EG/DMMP）（3:1）混合物的 LOI 显著增加（约 36.1%），垂直燃烧等级达到 V-0 级，且无滴落现象。然而，相应的拉伸强度降低了 17.5%。单独加入 EG 时，尽管相应的 LOI 与 DMMP/EG 不相匹配，但没有出现滴落现象。此外，即使 EG 含量为 15 wt%，拉伸强度也没有明显下降。锥形量热仪测试结果表明，当 EG 含量超过 10 wt%时，与未添加 EG 的 MPUE 相比，PHRR、THR、PSPR 和 TSR 均显著降低。 燃烧过程变得更加稳定，因此火灾风险大大降低。研究发现，仅通过添加 EG 就能很好地平衡阻燃性和机械性能。我们提出的合成具有优异阻燃性和机械性能的 FR/MPUE 复合材料的策略简单、有效、成本低廉且通用，这对扩大 MPUEs 的潜在应用领域具有重大实际意义。

[280] Tough, Anti-Freezing and Conductive Ionic Hydrogels NPG Asia Materials, 2022, 14(1). With rapid advances in soft electronic devices, the demand for soft conductive materials, including hydrogels, with superior mechanical properties, high conductivity and functionality under extreme environmental conditions are increasing at an unprecedented rate. Although hydrogels have favorable properties such as softness and broad tunability ranges, they freeze at subzero temperatures, leading to materials failure and device malfunctions, and the introduction of antifreezing agents into hydrogels often severely compromises their conductive or mechanical properties. The tradeoff between simultaneously endowing antifreezing hydrogels with excellent mechanical properties and high conductivity severely limits their practical applicability over a broad range of conditions. Herein, we discovered that potassium acetate (KAc) induces a salting-out effect on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), promoting aggregation of the polymer chains and significantly improving the mechanical properties of the hydrogels. Moreover, concentrated KAc exhibits excellent anti-freezing capacity and high conductivity. The hydrogels produced by soaking frozen PVA in KAc solutions show superior mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 8.2 MPa, conductivity of 8.0 S/m and outstanding freeze tolerance to a temperature of -60 degrees C. This strategy also works for other polymers, such as poly(acrylamide) and poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate). Additionally, the as-prepared hydrogels possess excellent anti-dehydration capacity, which is another important feature that is desirable for further enhancing the applicability and durability of hydrogel-based devices.
[280] 耐磨损、抗冻和导电的离子水凝胶 NPG 亚洲材料，2022，14(1)。随着软电子设备的快速发展，对具有优异机械性能、高导电性和在极端环境条件下功能性的软导电材料，包括水凝胶，的需求以史无前例的速度增长。尽管水凝胶具有柔软性和广泛的调谐范围等有利特性，但在零下温度下会冻结，导致材料失效和设备故障，而将抗冻剂引入水凝胶通常会严重损害其导电性或机械性能。同时赋予抗冻水凝胶优异的机械性能和高导电性之间的权衡，严重限制了它们在广泛条件下的实际应用。在此，我们发现醋酸钾（KAc）对聚乙烯醇（PVA）产生盐析效应，促进聚合物链的聚集，显著提高水凝胶的机械性能。此外，浓缩的 KAc 表现出优异的抗冻能力和高导电性。 通过将冻干的 PVA 浸泡在 KAc 溶液中制备的亲水凝胶显示出优异的力学性能，具有 8.2 MPa 的拉伸强度、8.0 S/m 的导电性和对-60°C 温度的出色抗冻性。此策略也适用于其他聚合物，如聚丙烯酰胺和聚(2-羟基乙基丙烯酸酯)。此外，所制备的亲水凝胶还具有优异的抗脱水能力，这是进一步提高基于亲水凝胶的设备适用性和耐用性的另一个重要特性。

[281] Smart Hydrogels with Wide Visible Color Tunability NPG Asia Materials, 2022, 14(1). Pigmentary coloration can produce viewing angle-independent uniform colors via light absorption by chromophores. However, due to the limited diversity in the changes of the molecular configuration of chromophores to undergo color change, the existing materials cannot produce a wide range of visible colors with tunable color saturation and transmittance. Herein, we propose a novel strategy to create materials with a wide visible color range and highly tunable color saturation and transmittance. We fabricated a hydrogel with poly (acrylamide-co-dopamine acrylamide) networks swollen with Fe3+-containing glycerol/water in which the covalently crosslinked polyacrylamide backbone with pendant catechols can ensure that the hydrogel maintains a very stable shape. Hydrogels containing adjustable catechol-Fe3+ coordination bonds with flexible light-interacting configuration changes can display a wide range of visible colors based on the complementary color principle. The catechol-Fe3+ complexes can dynamically switch between noncoordinated and mono-, bis- and tris-coordinated states to harvest light energy from a specific wavelength across the whole visible spectrum. Therefore, these hydrogels can be yellow, green, blue, and red, covering the three primary colors. Moreover, color saturation and transmittance can be flexibly manipulated by simply adjusting the Fe3+ content in the hydrogel networks. The versatility of these smart hydrogels has been demonstrated through diverse applications, including optical filters for color regulation and colorimetric sensors for detecting UV light and chemical vapors. This proposed smart hydrogel provides a universal color-switchable platform for the development of multifunctional optical systems such as optical filters, sensors, and detectors.
具有宽可见光颜色可调性的智能水凝胶 NPG Asia Materials，2022，14(1)。颜料着色可以通过光吸收产生视角无关的均匀颜色。然而，由于发色团分子构型变化多样性有限，现有材料无法产生具有可调颜色饱和度和透射率的广泛可见光颜色。在此，我们提出了一种创建具有宽可见光颜色范围和高度可调颜色饱和度和透射率的新策略。我们制备了一种含有聚（丙烯酰胺-多巴胺丙烯酰胺）网络的水凝胶，该网络在含有 Fe3+的甘油/水中膨胀，其中共价交联的聚丙烯酰胺主链上带有邻苯二酚侧链，可以确保水凝胶保持非常稳定的形状。含有可调的邻苯二酚-Fe3+配位键和灵活的光相互作用构型变化的水凝胶，可以根据互补色原理显示广泛的可见光颜色。 儿茶酚-Fe3+络合物可以在非配位和单、双、三配位状态之间动态切换，以从整个可见光谱的特定波长中捕获光能。因此，这些水凝胶可以是黄色、绿色、蓝色和红色，覆盖三种原色。此外，通过简单地调整水凝胶网络中的 Fe3+含量，可以灵活地控制颜色饱和度和透射率。这些智能水凝胶的通用性已通过包括用于颜色调节的光学滤波器和用于检测紫外线和化学蒸气的比色传感器在内的多种应用得到证明。这种提出的智能水凝胶为开发多功能光学系统，如光学滤波器、传感器和探测器，提供了一个通用的颜色可切换平台。

[282] Nanopore Sensing Technique for Studying the Hofmeister Effect Small, 2022, 18(23). The nanopore sensing technique is an emerging method of detecting single molecules, and extensive research has gone into various fields, including nanopore sequencing and other applications of single-molecule studies. Recently, several researchers have explored the specific ion effects in nanopore channels, enabling a unique understanding of the Hofmeister effect at the single-molecule level. Herein, the recent advances of using nanopore sensing techniques are reviewed to study the Hofmeister effect and the physicochemical mechanism of this process is attempted. The challenges and goals are also discussed for the future in this field.
[282] 研究霍夫迈斯特效应的纳米孔传感技术 小型，2022，18(23)。纳米孔传感技术是一种新兴的单分子检测方法，已在包括纳米孔测序和其他单分子研究应用在内的多个领域进行了广泛的研究。最近，一些研究人员探索了纳米孔通道中的特定离子效应，从而在单分子水平上对霍夫迈斯特效应有了独特的理解。本文综述了利用纳米孔传感技术研究霍夫迈斯特效应的最新进展，并尝试探讨了这一过程的物理化学机制。同时，还讨论了该领域未来的挑战和目标。

[283] Stretchable Photonic Semicrystal Interface by Pressure‐Assistant Self‐Assembly Advanced Materials Interfaces, 2022, 9(10).
[283] 压力辅助自组装的柔性光子半晶界面 先进材料界面，2022，9(10)。

[284] Polystyrene@Poly(Methyl Methacrylate-Butyl Acrylate) Core–Shell Nanoparticles for Fabricating Multifunctional Photonic Crystal Films as Mechanochromic and Solvatochromic Sensors ACS Applied Nano Materials, 2022, 5(1): 729-736.
[284] 用于制备多功能光子晶体薄膜的聚苯乙烯@聚（甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁酸丙烯酸酯）核-壳纳米粒子 作为机械变色和溶剂变色传感器的应用 ACS 应用纳米材料，2022，5(1): 729-736。

[285] Stimulus‐Responsive Photonic Crystals for Advanced Security Advanced Functional Materials, 2022, 32(40): 2204744-2204768.
[285] 响应刺激的光子晶体用于高级安全，先进功能材料，2022，32(40)：2204744-2204768。

[286] Tough and Stretchable Ionogels by in Situ Phase Separation Nature Materials, 2022, 21(3): 359-+. Two monomers with distinct solubility of their corresponding polymers in an ionic liquid enable tuning of the microstructure of the copolymers during their polymerization. Thus, energy dissipative and elastic molecular domains are created, resulting in highly tough and stretchable ionogels. Ionogels are compelling materials for technological devices due to their excellent ionic conductivity, thermal and electrochemical stability, and non-volatility. However, most existing ionogels suffer from low strength and toughness. Here, we report a simple one-step method to achieve ultra-tough and stretchable ionogels by randomly copolymerizing two common monomers with distinct solubility of the corresponding polymers in an ionic liquid. Copolymerization of acrylamide and acrylic acid in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate results in a macroscopically homogeneous covalent network with in situ phase separation: a polymer-rich phase with hydrogen bonds that dissipate energy and toughen the ionogel; and an elastic solvent-rich phase that enables for large strain. These ionogels have high fracture strength (12.6 MPa), fracture energy (similar to 24 kJ m(-2)) and Young's modulus (46.5 MPa), while being highly stretchable (similar to 600% strain) and having self-healing and shape-memory properties. This concept can be applied to other monomers and ionic liquids, offering a promising way to tune ionogel microstructure and properties in situ during one-step polymerization.
通过原位相分离制备的坚韧且可拉伸的离子凝胶，自然材料，2022，21(3)：359-+. 两种单体在离子液体中对相应聚合物具有不同的溶解度，使得在聚合过程中可以调节共聚物的微观结构。因此，形成了能量耗散和弹性的分子域，从而得到高度坚韧且可拉伸的离子凝胶。离子凝胶由于其优异的离子导电性、热和电化学稳定性以及非挥发性，是技术设备的诱人材料。然而，大多数现有的离子凝胶都存在强度和韧性低的问题。在此，我们报道了一种简单的一步法，通过随机共聚两种在离子液体中对相应聚合物具有不同溶解度的常见单体，制备出超坚韧且可拉伸的离子凝胶。在 1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸乙酯中，丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸的共聚导致宏观上均一的共价网络，并发生原位相分离：富含聚合物的相，其中氢键耗散能量并增强离子凝胶的韧性；以及富含弹性溶剂的相，使得离子凝胶能够承受大应变。 这些离子凝胶具有高抗折强度（12.6 MPa）、抗折能量（约 24 kJ m(-2)）和杨氏模量（46.5 MPa），同时具有极高的延展性（约 600%应变）和自修复及形状记忆特性。该概念可应用于其他单体和离子液体，为在一步聚合过程中原位调节离子凝胶的微观结构和性能提供了一种有前景的方法。

[287] Pediatric Diabetes in China: Challenges and Actions Pediatric Diabetes, 2022, 23(5): 545-550. Pediatric diabetes is growing in China. The annual incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes is about 2.02-5.3 per 100,000 person-years. Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents is increasing dramatically with the high-speed urbanization of China. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes varies from 1.64/100, 000 to 15.16/100,000 based on the geography and economy. Monogenic diabetes used to be underestimated in China and now more cases are emerging. In this review, we give an overview of pediatric diabetes in China, present the progresses and challenges in management of pediatric diabetes, and discuss the government policy and potential actions in China, for better life quality of diabetic families.
中国儿童糖尿病：挑战与行动 儿童糖尿病，2022，23(5)：545-550。中国儿童糖尿病呈增长趋势。儿童 1 型糖尿病的年发病率约为每 10 万人 2.02-5.3 例。随着中国城市化进程的加快，儿童和青少年 2 型糖尿病急剧增加。2 型糖尿病的患病率因地理和经济发展水平而异，从每 10 万人 1.64 例到 15.16 例不等。在中国，单基因糖尿病曾一度被低估，现在病例越来越多。在本综述中，我们概述了中国儿童糖尿病的情况，介绍了儿童糖尿病管理方面的进展和挑战，并讨论了中国政府政策及潜在行动，以改善糖尿病家庭的生活质量。

[288] Natural Extracts-Meditated Efficient and Electrically Responsive Bioglues Extreme Mechanics Letters, 2022, 53. Bioglues have great potential in the field of biomedical engineering concerning interfacial adhesion. Based on naturally extracted chitosan and benzoic acids, we developed low-viscosity bioglues capable of achieving an efficient and strong interfacial adhesion to wet skin tissues without any additional post-treatment. Owing to the synergy of topology, electrostatic interaction and self-hydrophobization, the adhesive strength could reach as high as 110 kPa when two pieces of fresh porcine skin were adhered together with the bioglues for one minute. Subsequently, we showed that the bioglueregulated interfacial adhesion was essentially sensitive to external electrical fields with voltages less than 1 V, which might thus cause an electrically responsive adhesion. Likewise, we revealed that the phenol-quinone transition played a dominant role in inducing changes in interfacial adhesion strength modulated by the applied electric fields. By introducing a circuit model to mimic electric stimulation, we further recognized that an electric field of similar to 2500 V/m was the threshold required for the electrically regulated phenol-quinone transition. Further, the bioglues were biocompatible, antibacterial and promoted wound healing, making them more suitable for applications in smart interfacial adhesion-related areas like biomedicine, flexible electronics and soft robotics. (c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
[288] 天然提取物介导的高效电响应生物胶——极端力学信函，2022，53。生物胶在生物医学工程领域的界面粘附方面具有巨大潜力。基于天然提取的壳聚糖和苯甲酸，我们开发了低粘度生物胶，能够在不进行任何额外后处理的情况下，实现与湿润皮肤组织的高效和强界面粘附。由于拓扑结构、静电相互作用和自疏水化的协同作用，当两块新鲜猪皮用生物胶粘合一分钟时，粘附强度可高达 110 kPa。随后，我们展示了生物胶调节的界面粘附对外部电场（电压低于 1 V）本质上是敏感的，这可能导致电响应粘附。同样，我们发现酚-醌转变在诱导由施加的电场调节的界面粘附强度变化中起着主导作用。 通过引入电路模型来模拟电刺激，我们进一步认识到，约 2500 V/m 的电场是电调控苯醌转变的阈值。此外，生物胶具有良好的生物相容性、抗菌性并促进伤口愈合，这使得它们更适合应用于智能界面粘合相关领域，如生物医学、柔性电子和软体机器人。（c）2022 Elsevier Ltd. 版权所有。

[289] A Hydra Tentacle-Inspired Hydrogel with Underwater Ultra-Stretchability for Adhering Adipose Surfaces Chemical Engineering Journal, 2022, 428.
[289] 一种受水母触手启发的具有水下超伸长性的水凝胶，用于粘附脂肪表面，《化学工程期刊》，2022，428。

[290] Parabens and Antimicrobial Compounds in Conventional and “Green” Personal Care Products Chemosphere, 2022, 297: 134019. The personal care product (PCP) industry is a worldwide multi-billion-dollar industry. Several synthetic compounds like parabens and antimicrobial agents triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) are ingredients in many PCPs. Due to growing public awareness of potential risks associated with parabens and other synthetic compounds, more PCPs are being marketed as "green," "alternative," or "natural." We analyzed 19 green and 34 conventional PCP products obtained from a European store for seven parabens, TCC, and TCS. We found no statistically significant difference in the concentrations between green and conventional products. Only four products mentioned parabens in the list of ingredients; however, parabens were detected in 43 products, and at mug/g levels in seven PCPs. Methylparaben was typically present at the highest concentration, and one mascara exceeded the European legal concentration limit of methylparaben. Low concentrations of isopropyl-, isobutyl-, and benzylparabens, which are banned in the EU, were detected in 70% of PCPs. The cumulative estimated daily intake of parabens is an order of magnitude higher for people using only conventional products than those using green products exclusively. We propose that legislation be developed with more explicit rules on when a product can be advertised as "green" to aid consumers' choices.
[290] 传统和个人护理产品中的对苯二酚和抗菌化合物《环境科学与技术》，2022，297：134019。个人护理产品（PCP）行业是一个全球性的数十亿美元的行业。几种合成化合物，如对苯二酚和抗菌剂三氯生（TCS）和三氯卡班（TCC），是许多 PCP 的成分。由于公众对与对苯二酚和其他合成化合物相关的潜在风险的意识日益增强，越来越多的 PCP 被宣传为“绿色”、“替代”或“天然”。我们分析了从一家欧洲商店获得的 19 种绿色和 34 种传统 PCP 产品，检测了 7 种对苯二酚、TCC 和 TCS。我们发现绿色产品和传统产品之间的浓度没有统计学上的显著差异。只有四种产品在成分列表中提到了对苯二酚；然而，对苯二酚在 43 种产品中被检测到，在 7 种 PCP 中达到每克毫克水平。甲基对苯二酚通常以最高浓度存在，并且有一款睫毛膏超过了欧洲甲基对苯二酚法定浓度限制。70%的 PCP 中检测到了禁止在欧盟使用的异丙基-、异丁基-和苯基对苯二酚的低浓度。 对苯甲酸酯的累积估计每日摄入量，仅使用传统产品的人群比仅使用绿色产品的人群高一个数量级。我们建议制定更明确的法规，规定何时可以将产品广告为“绿色”，以帮助消费者做出选择。

[291] A Review on Self-Reporting Mechanochromic Composites: An Emerging Technology for Structural Health Monitoring Composites Part a-Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2022, 163: 107236-107257. Recently emerging mechanochromic systems are becoming highly attractive for structural health monitoring (SHM) purposes in various industries, such as civil, wind, and aerospace, to improve the safety and performance of structures. These are based on self-reporting polymer composites which provide a light-weight sensor with an easy-to-read visual cue for SHM purposes. The present paper reports a critical overview of mechanochromic self -reporting approaches and discusses the outlook for future development in the field. Design principles and cutting-edge applications of the main physical-and chemical-based self-reporting mechanisms, i.e., mechano-chromism based on dye-filled materials, modified polymers, structural color materials, and smart hybrid com-posite sensors, are presented with special attention to SHM. These emerging sensors create a new generation of user-friendly, cheap, and power-free SHM systems, guaranteeing economic and technological advantages that will open up new horizons for innovative, safer, and lighter composite products with significantly lower main-tenance costs.
[291] 自报机械色复合材料综述：结构健康监测的兴起技术——复合材料 A-应用科学和制造，2022，163：107236-107257。最近出现的机械色系统在各个行业（如土木、风能和航空航天）的结构健康监测（SHM）方面变得越来越有吸引力，以提高结构的安全性和性能。这些系统基于自报聚合物复合材料，为 SHM 提供了一种轻便的传感器，具有易于阅读的视觉提示。本文对机械色自报方法进行了批判性概述，并讨论了该领域的未来发展趋势。介绍了基于物理和化学的自报机制的设计原则和尖端应用，包括基于染料填充材料的机械色、改性聚合物、结构色材料和智能混合复合材料传感器，特别关注 SHM。 这些新兴传感器创造了一代用户友好、成本低廉、免能源的 SHM 系统，确保了经济和技术优势，将为创新、更安全、更轻的复合材料开辟新的领域，并显著降低维护成本。

[292] Biomimetic Chromotropic Photonic‐Ionic Skin with Robust Resilience, Adhesion, and Stability Advanced Functional Materials, 2022, 32(33): 2204467-2204477.
[292] 具有强大韧性、粘附性和稳定性的仿生色变光子-离子皮肤，先进功能材料，2022，32(33)：2204467-2204477。

[293] Insights into the Role of Natural Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogel Wound Dressings in Biomedical Applications Gels, 2022, 8(10): 646-662. Acute skin damage caused by burns or cuts occurs frequently in people's daily lives. Such wounds are difficult to heal normally and have persistent inflammation. Wound dressings not only improve the speed of wound healing, but also protect and cover the wound well. Hydrogels have the characteristics of good flexibility, high water content, and good biocompatibility, and are widely used in biomedicine and other fields. Common hydrogels are mainly natural hydrogels and synthetic hydrogels. Hydrogels cross-linked using different raw materials and different methods have different performance characteristics. Natural hydrogels prepared using polysaccharides are simple to obtain and have good biocompatibility, but are inferior to synthetic hydrogels in terms of mechanical properties and stability, and a single polysaccharide hydrogel cannot meet the component requirements for wound healing. Therefore, functional composite hydrogels with high mechanical properties, high biocompatibility, and high antibacterial properties are the current research hotspots. In this review, several common polysaccharides for hydrogel synthesis and the synthesis methods of polysaccharide hydrogels are introduced, and functional composite hydrogel dressings from recent years are classified. It is hoped that this can provide useful references for relevant research in this field.
[293] 天然多糖基水凝胶敷料在生物医学应用中的研究进展 Gels，2022，8(10)：646-662。由烧伤或切割引起的急性皮肤损伤在人们的日常生活中经常发生。这类伤口难以正常愈合，且存在持续的炎症。敷料不仅能提高伤口愈合速度，还能很好地保护和覆盖伤口。水凝胶具有良好的柔韧性、高含水量和良好的生物相容性，在生物医学和其他领域得到广泛应用。常见的凝胶主要有天然凝胶和合成凝胶。使用不同原料和不同方法交联的凝胶具有不同的性能特点。使用多糖制备的天然凝胶易于获取且具有良好的生物相容性，但在机械性能和稳定性方面劣于合成凝胶，单一的多糖凝胶无法满足伤口愈合的成分要求。 因此，具有高机械性能、高生物相容性和高抗菌性能的功能复合水凝胶是当前研究的热点。在本综述中，介绍了用于水凝胶合成的几种常见多糖及其合成方法，并对近年来功能复合水凝胶敷料进行了分类。希望这能为该领域的相关研究提供有用的参考。

[294] A Biomass Based Photonic Crystal Hydrogel Made of Polysaccharide Biosensors-Basel, 2022, 12(10). Bletilla striata is an herb with a good medicinal value whose main active ingredient is Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP) in the tuber of Bletilla striata. In this study, a polysaccharide-based semi-interpenetrating network hydrogel was constructed by introducing BSP into polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel. The introduction of the BSP chain no only maintains the excellent mechanical properties of PAM, but also endows it with good biocompatibility. By implanting the colloidal crystal array into the above hydrogels, we obtained a novel biomass-based photonic crystal with good stimulus responsiveness that is sensitive to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), especially alcohol vapor. In addition, due to the scavenging ability of BSP to hydroxyl radicals, the photonic crystal hydrogel also has a good response to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
[294] 一种基于多糖生物传感器的生物质光子晶体水凝胶——巴塞尔，2022，12(10)。Bletilla striata 是一种具有良好药用价值的草本植物，其主要活性成分是 Bletilla striata 多糖（BSP），存在于 Bletilla striata 的块茎中。在本研究中，通过将 BSP 引入聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）水凝胶中，构建了一种基于多糖的半互穿网络水凝胶。引入 BSP 链不仅保持了 PAM 的优异机械性能，还赋予其良好的生物相容性。通过将胶体晶体阵列植入上述水凝胶中，我们获得了一种新型生物质光子晶体，具有良好的刺激响应性，对挥发性有机化合物（VOCs），尤其是酒精蒸汽敏感。此外，由于 BSP 对羟基自由基的清除能力，光子晶体水凝胶对过氧化氢（H2O2）也有良好的响应。

[295] Flexible Mxene/Bacterial Cellulose Film Sound Detector Based on Piezoresistive Sensing Mechanism ACS Nano, 2022, 16(5): 8461-8471. Flexible pressure sensors have aroused extensive attention in health monitoring, human-computer interaction, soft robotics, and more, as a staple member of wearable electronics. However, a majority of traditional research focuses solely on foundational mechanical sensing tests and ordinary human-motion monitoring, ignoring its other applications in daily life. In this work, a paper-based pressure sensor is prepared by using MXene/bacterial cellulose film with three-dimensional isolation layer structure, and its sensing capability as a wearable sound detector has also been studied. The as-prepared device exhibits great comprehensive mechanical sensing performance as well as accurate detection of human physiological signals. As a sound detector, not only can it recognize different voice signals and sound attributes by monitoring movement of throat muscles, but also it will distinguish a variety of natural sounds through air pressure waves caused by sound transmission (also called sound waves), like the eardrum. Besides, it plays an important role in sound visualization technology because of the ability for capturing and presenting music signals. Moreover, millimeter-scale thickness, lightweight, and degradable raw materials make the sensor convenient and easy to carry, meeting requirements of environmental protection as well.
[295] 基于压阻传感机制的柔性 Mxene/细菌纤维素薄膜声探测器 ACS Nano，2022，16(5)：8461-8471。柔性压力传感器在健康监测、人机交互、软体机器人等领域引起了广泛关注，成为可穿戴电子设备的基本成员。然而，大多数传统研究仅关注基础机械传感测试和普通人体运动监测，忽视了其在日常生活中的其他应用。在这项工作中，通过使用具有三维隔离层结构的 MXene/细菌纤维素薄膜制备了一种基于纸张的压力传感器，并对其作为可穿戴声探测器的传感能力进行了研究。所制备的设备表现出优异的综合机械传感性能以及准确检测人体生理信号的能力。作为声探测器，它不仅可以通过监测喉部肌肉的运动来识别不同的语音信号和声音属性，而且还可以通过声音传播（也称为声波）产生的空气压力波区分各种自然声音，就像鼓膜一样。 此外，它因能捕捉和呈现音乐信号而在声音可视化技术中发挥着重要作用。此外，毫米级厚度、轻质和可降解的原材料使传感器便于携带，同时也满足了环保要求。

[296] Color-Tuning Mechanism of Electrically Stretchable Photonic Organogels Advanced Science, 2022, 9(25): e2202897. In contrast to nano-processed rigid photonic crystals with fixed structures, soft photonic organic hydrogel beads with dielectric nanostructures possess advanced capabilities, such as stimuli-responsive deformation and photonic wavelength color changes. Recenlty, advanced from well-investigated mechanochromic method, an electromechanical stress approach is used to demonstrate electrically induced mechanical color shifts in soft organic photonic hydrogel beads. To better understand the electrically stretchable color change functionality in such soft organic photonic hydrogel systems, the electromechanical wavelength-tuning mechanism is comprehensively investigated in this study. By employing controllable electroactive dielectric elastomeric actuators, the discoloration wavelength-tuning process of an electrically stretchable photonic organogel is carefully examined. Based on the experimental in-situ response of electrically stretchable nano-spherical polystyrene hydrogel beads, the color change mechanism is meticulously analyzed. Further, changes in the nanostructure of the symmetrically and electrically stretchable organogel are analytically investigated through simulations of its hexagonal close-packed (HCP) lattice model. Detailed photonic wavelength control factors, such as the refractive index of dielectric materials, lattice diffraction, and bead distance in an organogel lattice, are theoretically studied. Herein, the switcing mechanism of electrically stretchable mechanochromic photonic organogels with photonic stopband-tuning features are suggested for the first time.
[296] 电可拉伸光子组织凝胶的调色机制 高等科学，2022，9(25)：e2202897。与具有固定结构的纳米加工刚性光子晶体相比，具有介电纳米结构的软光子有机水凝胶珠具有高级功能，如刺激响应变形和光子波长颜色变化。最近，从已研究的机械色变方法中发展而来，采用机电应力方法来展示软有机光子水凝胶珠中的电诱导机械颜色变化。为了更好地理解此类软有机光子水凝胶系统中的电可拉伸颜色变化功能，本研究全面研究了机电波长调谐机制。通过采用可控的机电活性介电弹性体致动器，仔细检查了电可拉伸光子组织凝胶的褪色波长调谐过程。基于电可拉伸纳米球形聚苯乙烯水凝胶珠的实验原位响应，详细分析了颜色变化机制。 此外，通过对对称和电可拉伸有机凝胶的纳米结构变化进行六方密堆积（HCP）晶格模型的模拟，对其进行了分析研究。详细研究了光子波长控制因素，如介电材料的折射率、晶格衍射和有机凝胶晶格中的珠子间距。在此，首次提出了具有光子带隙调谐特性的电可拉伸机械变色光子凝胶的切换机制。

[297] Morphological Engineering of Sensing Materials for Flexible Pressure Sensors and Artificial Intelligence Applications Nano-Micro Letters, 2022, 14(1): 141. As an indispensable branch of wearable electronics, flexible pressure sensors are gaining tremendous attention due to their extensive applications in health monitoring, human-machine interaction, artificial intelligence, the internet of things, and other fields. In recent years, highly flexible and wearable pressure sensors have been developed using various materials/structures and transduction mechanisms. Morphological engineering of sensing materials at the nanometer and micrometer scales is crucial to obtaining superior sensor performance. This review focuses on the rapid development of morphological engineering technologies for flexible pressure sensors. We discuss different architectures and morphological designs of sensing materials to achieve high performance, including high sensitivity, broad working range, stable sensing, low hysteresis, high transparency, and directional or selective sensing. Additionally, the general fabrication techniques are summarized, including self-assembly, patterning, and auxiliary synthesis methods. Furthermore, we present the emerging applications of high-performing microengineered pressure sensors in healthcare, smart homes, digital sports, security monitoring, and machine learning-enabled computational sensing platform. Finally, the potential challenges and prospects for the future developments of pressure sensors are discussed comprehensively.
[297] 感应材料形态工程在柔性压力传感器和人工智能应用中的研究进展 纳米微流信函，2022，14(1): 141。作为可穿戴电子不可或缺的分支，柔性压力传感器因其广泛的应用于健康监测、人机交互、人工智能、物联网等领域而受到极大的关注。近年来，利用各种材料和/或结构以及转换机制开发了高度柔性和可穿戴的压力传感器。在纳米和微米尺度上对感应材料进行形态工程对于获得优异的传感器性能至关重要。本综述重点介绍了柔性压力传感器形态工程技术的快速发展。我们讨论了感应材料的不同架构和形态设计，以实现高性能，包括高灵敏度、宽工作范围、稳定传感、低滞后、高透明度和方向性或选择性传感。 此外，总结了通用的制造技术，包括自组装、图案化和辅助合成方法。此外，我们介绍了高性能微机电压力传感器在医疗保健、智能家居、数字体育、安全监控和机器学习驱动的计算传感平台中的新兴应用。最后，全面讨论了压力传感器未来发展的潜在挑战和前景。

[298] Elastic-Electric Coefficient-Sensitive Hydrogel Sensors toward Sweat Detection Analytical Chemistry, 2022, 94(3): 1910-1917. The complex and multivariate biological systems and environment are challenging the development of related detection and analysis. It calls for the multiresponsive and facile sensing material and method for multi-analyte identification. In this work, we proposed an elastic-electric coefficient sensitivity strategy with hydrogel [amino trimethylene phosphonic acid-assisted poly(vinyl alcohol)] to achieve discriminative analysis of various chemicals. Elastic sensitivity based on the Hofmeister effect and electric sensitivity based on hydrated ion migration are explored in detail. With a rational design, the elasticelectric coefficient-sensitive hydrogel can qualify and quantify various kinds of chemicals (cations, anions, amino acids, saccharides, and lactate). The facile hydrogel sensor realized complicated sweat recognition and can be used in various applications such as environment monitoring, disease diagnosis, and athletic training optimization.
[298] 弹电系数敏感型水凝胶传感器用于汗液检测 分析化学，2022，94(3)：1910-1917。复杂的多元生物系统和环境对相关检测和分析的发展提出了挑战。这要求有多重响应性和简便的传感材料和多种分析物识别方法。在本研究中，我们提出了一种基于水凝胶[氨基三亚甲基磷酸盐辅助聚乙烯醇]的弹电系数敏感策略，以实现各种化学物质的判别分析。详细探讨了基于霍夫迈斯特效应的弹性敏感性和基于水合离子迁移的电气敏感性。通过合理设计，弹电系数敏感型水凝胶可以定性和定量各种化学物质（阳离子、阴离子、氨基酸、糖类和乳酸）。简便的水凝胶传感器实现了复杂的汗液识别，可用于环境监测、疾病诊断和运动训练优化等应用。

[299] Investigation of Mechanical Properties in Pva Hydrogels Due to Cation Interactions Described by Reactive Forcefield Based Molecular Dynamics Simulations Jom, 2022, 74(12): 4632-4639. Hydrogels are cross-linked networks containing water and are widely used in multiple fields due to their intrinsic softness and diffusive properties. One field of particular interest is in medical devices and tissue and organ engineering. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is one common hydrogel where its mechanical properties can be changed by using different salt solutions, making it more appropriate for certain applications, such as artificial neuron tissue. In this study, we used the ReaxFF reactive forcefield to investigate PVA in lithium and potassium chloride. It was hypothesized that lithium might promote a proton transfer from the PVA hydroxyl groups, therefore inhibiting the PVA from forming hydrogen bonds with itself, yielding a weaker PVA hydrogel. Conversely, potassium would not promote a proton transfer, instead getting inside the PVA structure, allowing a higher density of hydrogen bonds to form, creating a stronger PVA hydrogel. We were able to show a proton transfer was favorable in the lithium case and unfavorable in the potassium case. This explains the differences in mechanical properties shown in experimental results and provides atomistic detail to motivate tunable mechanical properties in PVA hydrogels in various salt solutions.
Pva 水凝胶中由于阳离子相互作用而导致的力学性能研究——基于反应力场分子动力学模拟的描述 Jom，2022，74(12)：4632-4639。水凝胶是含有水的交联网络，由于其固有的柔软性和扩散性能，在多个领域得到广泛应用。特别感兴趣的一个领域是医疗设备和组织器官工程。聚乙烯醇（PVA）是一种常见的亲水凝胶，其力学性能可以通过使用不同的盐溶液来改变，使其更适合某些应用，如人工神经元组织。在本研究中，我们使用 ReaxFF 反应力场研究了 PVA 在氯化锂和氯化钾中的性能。假设锂可能促进 PVA 羟基上的质子转移，从而抑制 PVA 自身形成氢键，导致 PVA 水凝胶强度减弱。相反，钾不会促进质子转移，而是进入 PVA 结构内部，允许形成更高密度的氢键，从而创建更坚固的 PVA 水凝胶。 我们能够在锂的情况下证明质子转移是有利的，而在钾的情况下是不利的。这解释了实验结果中显示的机械性能差异，并为在多种盐溶液中调节 PVA 水凝胶的机械性能提供了原子级细节。

[300] Patterned Crystal Growth and Heat Wave Generation in Hydrogels Nature Communications, 2022, 13(1): 259. The crystallization of metastable liquid phase change materials releases stored energy as latent heat upon nucleation and may therefore provide a triggerable means of activating downstream processes that respond to changes in temperature. In this work, we describe a strategy for controlling the fast, exothermic crystallization of sodium acetate from a metastable aqueous solution into trihydrate crystals within a polyacrylamide hydrogel whose polymerization state has been patterned using photomasks. A comprehensive experimental study of crystal shapes, crystal growth front velocities and evolving thermal profiles showed that rapid growth of long needle-like crystals through unpolymerized solutions produced peak temperatures of up to 45C, while slower-crystallizing polymerized solutions produced polycrystalline composites and peaked at 30C due to lower rates of heat release relative to dissipation in these regions. This temperature difference in the propagating heat waves, which we describe using a proposed analytical model, enables the use of this strategy to selectively activate thermoresponsive processes in predefined areas. The crystallization of metastable liquid phase change materials releases stored energy upon nucleation. Here, the authors demonstrate area-selective activation of thermoresponsive processes by exothermic crystallization of sodium acetate into trihydrate crystals within a patterned polyacrylamide hydrogel.
[300] 水凝胶中图案化晶体生长和热波生成，《自然·通讯》，2022，13(1): 259。亚稳态液相变材料的结晶在成核时释放储存的能量作为潜热，因此可能提供一种可触发的激活下游过程的方法，这些过程对温度变化做出响应。在这项工作中，我们描述了一种控制从亚稳态水溶液到聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶中三水合乙酸钠快速放热结晶的策略，该水凝胶的聚合状态已通过光掩模进行图案化。对晶体形状、晶体生长前沿速度和演变的温度轮廓的全面实验研究表明，通过未聚合溶液产生长针状晶体的快速生长产生了高达 45°C 的峰值温度，而结晶较慢的聚合溶液产生了多晶复合材料，由于这些区域相对于散热的释放速率较低，峰值温度为 30°C。 这种传播热波的温差，我们使用提出的分析模型来描述，使得该策略能够选择性地激活预定义区域的热响应过程。亚稳态液相变材料的结晶在成核时释放储存的能量。在这里，作者通过在图案化的聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶中通过放热结晶将乙酸钠转化为三水合物晶体，展示了区域选择性地激活热响应过程。

[301] Review on Fabrication Methodologies and Its Impacts on Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022, 29(11): 15233-15251. This review highlights and summarizes the impact of different fabrication processes on the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Energy conversion efficiency of cell depends upon semiconductor, sensitizer, electrolyte, and counter electrode. Efficiency of DSSCs can be enhanced by properly selecting the optimum significance of various parameters of fabrications process. Major challenges of these solar cells are non-vegetal, noxious, extreme sensitizers. Application of natural dyes in this field plays a significant role. An optimized CdSe-TiO2 photoanode showed a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.29% and short circuit current density of 15.30 mA cm(-2) for the DSSC. Power conversion efficiency of 3.26% was achieved by using TTO electrode for DSSC device that is ascribed to the improved electrical and optical properties due to doping with Ta element. Absorbance of betalain was shown in the visible range of 530-535 nm for betanin while 450-559 nm for anthocyanin pigment. The natural dyes are economical, readily available, and environmentally friendly. This compilation would be beneficial for researchers working on dye solar cell.
综述：染料敏化太阳能电池的制备方法及其对性能的影响，环境科学与污染研究，2022，29(11)：15233-15251。本综述突出并总结了不同制备工艺对染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSCs）效率的影响。电池的能量转换效率取决于半导体、敏化剂、电解质和反电极。通过适当选择制备工艺中各种参数的最佳值，可以提高 DSSCs 的效率。这些太阳能电池的主要挑战是非植物性、有毒、极端敏化剂。在此领域应用天然染料发挥着重要作用。优化的 CdSe-TiO2 光阳极对 DSSC 的功率转换效率（PCE）为 13.29%，短路电流密度为 15.30 mA cm(-2)。使用 TTO 电极的 DSSC 器件实现了 3.26%的功率转换效率，归因于掺杂 Ta 元素后电学和光学性能的改善。β-花青素的吸收峰在可见光范围内为 530-535 nm，而花青素色素的吸收峰为 450-559 nm。 天然染料经济实惠、易于获取，且环保。本汇编对从事染料太阳能电池研究的科研人员有益。

[302] Responsive Chiral Photonic Cellulose Nanocrystal Materials Advanced Optical Materials, 2022, 10(22). Responsive photonic crystals have attracted significant attention in fundamental scientific research and technological applications. Upon applying external stimuli, such as mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and optical triggers, the optical properties of photonic crystals can be actively tuned. Among a large number of photonic crystals, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are considered one of the most promising materials due to their renewability, simplicity of preparation, and unprecedented chirality. A comprehensive overview of the fundamental design principles, methodologies, responsive mechanisms, and practical applications of responsive chiral photonic CNC materials is presented here. The changes in helix pitch, refractive index, orientation, and resulting structural and optical properties of chiral photonic CNCs in response to various stimuli are discussed. Thereafter, novel applications of responsive chiral photonic CNCs, such as colorimetric sensors, photonic actuators, rewritable photonic papers, and anti-counterfeiting smart tags are described. We conclude by discussing future challenges and opportunities for developing high-performance responsive chiral photonic CNC materials.
[302] 响应性手性光子纤维素纳米晶体材料 高级光学材料，2022，10(22)。响应性光子晶体在基础科学研究和技术应用中引起了广泛关注。在外部刺激（如机械、电、磁和光触发）作用下，光子晶体的光学性质可以主动调节。在众多光子晶体中，由于纤维素纳米晶体（CNCs）的可再生性、制备简单性和前所未有的手性，被认为是最有前景的材料之一。本文全面概述了响应性手性光子 CNC 材料的基本设计原则、方法、响应机制和实际应用。讨论了手性光子 CNCs 在响应各种刺激时螺旋间距、折射率、取向以及由此产生的结构和光学性质的变化。随后，描述了响应性手性光子 CNCs 的新颖应用，如比色传感器、光子驱动器、可重写光子纸张和防伪智能标签。 我们通过讨论开发高性能响应性手性光子数控材料的未来挑战和机遇来总结。

[303] Responsive Structural Colors Derived from Geometrical Deformation of Synthetic Nanomaterials Small Structures, 2022, 3(11): 2200101-2200127. Responsive structural colors generated by the geometrical deformation of synthetic nanomaterials with a periodic skeleton corresponding to light wavelength through interference, diffraction, and scattering are recognized as extremely valuable information conversion methods. However, there lacks systematic generalization regarding the responsive structural colors generated from the response deformation of micro-nano structures. In this review, the recent progress on synthetic structural color materials (SCMs) and their size effects on color conversion are summarized and discussed. Different deformable micro-nano structures, such as microspheres, inverse opals, surface wrinkles, nano-/micropillars, layered stacks, and others, have been summarized. Their common feature is the variation in structural color produced by the deformation of nanostructures, but the difference lies in the deformation mechanism and response to stimuli. It is aimed to figure out the relationship and mechanism between stimuli deformation and the variable structural color of the corresponding nanostructures, inspiring the creation of the next generation of intelligent SCMs. Finally, perspectives on the development of responsive SCMs derived from the geometrical deformation of synthetic nanomaterials are presented. Several potential stimuli-deformable micro-nano structures are discussed. It is believed that stimuli deformation is a powerful tool for the fabrication of high-performance responsive SCMs to advance photonic technology.
[303] 基于合成纳米材料几何形变的光响应结构色 小结构，2022，3(11)：2200101-2200127。通过干涉、衍射和散射，由具有与光波长相对应的周期性骨架的合成纳米材料的几何形变产生的光响应结构色被认为是极有价值的信息转换方法。然而，关于由微纳米结构的响应形变产生的光响应结构色缺乏系统性的概括。在这篇综述中，总结了合成结构色材料（SCMs）及其对颜色转换的尺寸效应的最新进展，并进行了讨论。总结了不同的可变形微纳米结构，如微球、倒置宝石、表面皱纹、纳米/微柱、层状堆叠等。它们的共同特征是通过纳米结构的形变产生的结构色变化，但差异在于形变机制和对刺激的反应。 旨在探究刺激变形与相应纳米结构的可变结构颜色之间的关系和机制，激发下一代智能 SCMs 的创造。最后，提出了基于合成纳米材料几何变形的响应性 SCMs 发展前景。讨论了几种潜在的刺激变形微纳米结构。相信刺激变形是制造高性能响应性 SCMs 以推进光子技术的一种强大工具。

[304] Modulation of Nano-Superstructures and Their Optical Properties Accounts of Chemical Research, 2022, 55(17): 2425-2438. CONSPECTUS: Self-assembly, which enables spontaneous arrangement of objects, is of particular importance for nanomaterials in both fundamental and applied research fields. Multiple types of nanoparticle superstructures have been successfully built in highly controllable and efficient manners through balancing the nanoscale interactions. Uniform and proper arrangement of nanoparticles inside the assembled superstructures is essential to exhibit their constant, reliable, and homogeneous functionalities. To be specific, the long-range ordered superlattices not only succeed with their building blocks' intrinsic property, but also, more importantly, can display collective properties that are absent both in individual nanoparticles and in their bulk states. One of the most attractive aspects of nanomaterials is their exceptional optical properties that have tremendous application potential in multidisciplinary fields. In this regard, constructing the superstructures from optical nano units like noble metal nanostructures, semiconductor nanoparticles, or hybrid nanomaterials is critical for attaining the unique optical properties and exploring their practical applications in multiple fields including photonics, optoelectronics, optical sensing, photocatalysis, etc. In this Account, we provide guidelines for self-assembly strategies to fabricate the superstructures and discuss the optical properties that the superstructures display. In the first part, we categorize and discuss the key factors that strongly affect the self-assembly process and determine the configurational and integral quality of the superstructures. On one hand, the diversity and designability of nanoparticles offer the intrinsic complexity of the building blocks, including geometry, size, composition, and surface ligand, which efficiently tailors the assembly process and superstructure configuration. On the other hand, multiple factors originating from the introduction of extrinsic features are recognized to facilitate the metastable or dynamic self-assembly process. Such extrinsic features include both matter like DNA origami, peptides, small molecules, etc. and nonmatter involved with electric fields, magnetic fields, light, temperature, etc. In the second part, we introduce the state-of the art progress on the collective optical performances of the assembled superstructures, including (1) chiral optics, such as circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence, (2) plasmonic properties and related applications, and (3) luminescence related optics and their applications. Finally, we summarize the existing problems and main challenges briefly, and some future directions of this field are proposed. We envision that, with deep understanding of the assembly mechanism and development of the synthetic and surface chemistry, rational modulation of nanoassemblies will be the trend of this field, which is beneficial to achieve the emerging collective performances and create new generation devices with advanced functions.
纳米超结构的调制及其光学性质化学研究，2022，55(17)：2425-2438。摘要：自组装，使物体自发排列，对于纳米材料在基础研究和应用研究领域都具有重要意义。通过平衡纳米尺度相互作用，已成功以高度可控和高效的方式构建了多种类型的纳米粒子超结构。在组装的超结构内部，纳米粒子的均匀和适当排列对于展示其恒定、可靠和均一的功能至关重要。具体来说，长程有序的超晶格不仅成功利用了其构建块的本征性质，而且更重要的是，可以显示出单个纳米粒子和其块体状态中都不存在的集体性质。纳米材料最吸引人的方面之一是它们卓越的光学性质，在多学科领域具有巨大的应用潜力。 在这方面，从光学纳米单元如贵金属纳米结构、半导体纳米颗粒或混合纳米材料构建超结构对于获得独特的光学特性和探索其在光子学、光电子学、光学传感、光催化等多个领域的实际应用至关重要。在本篇综述中，我们提供了自组装策略的指南来制造超结构，并讨论了超结构所展现的光学特性。在第一部分，我们分类并讨论了强烈影响自组装过程并决定超结构的构型和整体质量的关键因素。一方面，纳米颗粒的多样性和可设计性提供了构建块的内禀复杂性，包括几何形状、尺寸、组成和表面配体，这有效地定制了组装过程和超结构配置。另一方面，由于引入外部特征而产生的多个因素被认识到可以促进亚稳态或动态自组装过程。 此类外源特征包括诸如 DNA 折纸、肽、小分子等物质，以及涉及电场、磁场、光、温度等非物质。在第二部分，我们介绍了组装超结构的集体光学性能的最新进展，包括（1）手性光学，如圆二色性和圆偏振发光，（2）等离子体性质及其相关应用，（3）发光相关光学及其应用。最后，我们简要总结了现有问题和主要挑战，并提出了该领域的一些未来方向。我们预见，随着对组装机制和合成及表面化学的深入理解，合理调节纳米组装将成为该领域的趋势，这对实现新兴的集体性能和创造具有先进功能的新一代设备有益。

[305] An Overview on Starch-Based Sustainable Hydrogels: Potential Applications and Aspects Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 2022, 30(1): 19-50. Hydrogels are a kind of three dimensional polymeric network system which has a significant amount of water imbibing capacity despite being soluble in it. Because of the potential applications of hydrogels in different fields such as biomedical, pharmaceutical, personal care products, biosensors, and cosmetics, it has become a very popular area of research in recent decades. Hydrogels, prepared from synthetic polymers and petrochemicals are not ecofriendly. For preparing biodegradable hydrogels, most available plant polysaccharides like starch are utilized. In its structure, starch has a large number of hydroxyl groups that aid in hydrogel networking. For their easy availability and applications, starch-based hydrogels (SHs) have gained huge attention. Moreover, SHs are non-toxic, biocompatible, and cheap. For these reasons, SHs can be an alternative to synthetic hydrogels. The main focus of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the structure and characteristics of starch, preparation, and characterization of SHs. This review also addresses several potential multidimensional applications of SHs and shows some future aspects in accordance. [GRAPHICS] .
淀粉基可持续水凝胶概述：潜在应用与方面，《聚合物与环境》杂志，2022，30（1）：19-50。水凝胶是一种三维聚合物网络系统，尽管可溶于其中，但具有显著的水吸收能力。由于水凝胶在生物医学、制药、个人护理产品、生物传感器和化妆品等不同领域的潜在应用，近年来已成为一个热门的研究领域。由合成聚合物和石油化工产品制备的水凝胶不环保。为了制备可生物降解的水凝胶，大多数可用的植物多糖如淀粉都被利用。在结构上，淀粉具有大量的羟基，有助于水凝胶网络的形成。由于淀粉基水凝胶（SHs）易于获取和应用，它们受到了极大的关注。此外，SHs 无毒、生物相容且价格低廉。因此，SHs 可以成为合成水凝胶的替代品。本综述的主要重点是提供淀粉的结构和特性、SHs 的制备和表征的全面总结。 本综述还探讨了 SHs 的几个潜在的多维应用，并相应地展示了一些未来展望。[图形]。

[306] Alginate-Based Nano-Adsorbent Materials – Bioinspired Solution to Mitigate Hazardous Environmental Pollutants Chemosphere, 2022, 288(Pt 3): 132618. Population growth and industrialization is associated with the elevation of hazardous pollutants, including heavy metals, biomedical wastes, personal-care products, endocrine-disrupters, pharmaceutically active compounds, and colorants in the environment. The scientific focus has been devoted to developing novel adsorbents to mitigate hazardous pollutants by constructing hybrids of different polymers and nano-structured materials for improved workability and physicochemical attributes. Recently, much attention has been devoted to nanomaterials in environmental remediation, owning to their exceptional characteristics including novel electrical/chemical features, quantum size effects, tunable functionalization, high scalability, and surface-area-to-volume ratio. Target-specific designing of nanocomposites impart high functionality. The cost-effective and eco-friendly synthesis of bioadsorbent materials is increasing for the removal of hazardous pollutants. Due to biocompatible, biodegradable, and eco-friendly nature, sodium alginate has been widely reported for the preparation of bioadsorbent materials to remove different inorganic/organic pollutants. In this review, the potentialities of alginate-based nanocomposites have been described for environmental remediation purposes. Different nanomaterials, including silica, metallic oxide, graphene oxide, hybrid inorganic-organic, non-magnetic-magnetic, carbon nanorods, nanotubes, polymeric nanocarriers, and several other materials have been described in combination with alginate biopolymer for environmental remediation.
[306] 海藻酸盐基纳米吸附材料——生物启发解决有害环境污染物问题的方法，《环境科学与技术》，2022，288（第 3 部分）：132618。人口增长和工业化与有害污染物的增加有关，包括重金属、生物医疗废物、个人护理产品、内分泌干扰物、药物活性化合物和环境着色剂。科学研究的重点一直致力于开发新型吸附剂，通过构建不同聚合物和纳米结构材料的混合物来提高工作性能和物理化学特性，以减轻有害污染物。最近，由于纳米材料在环境修复中表现出卓越的特性，包括新颖的电化学特性、量子尺寸效应、可调功能化、高可扩展性和表面积与体积比，因此引起了广泛关注。针对特定目标设计的纳米复合材料赋予高功能性。生物吸附材料的低成本和环保合成越来越受到关注，用于去除有害污染物。 由于生物相容性、生物降解性和环保特性，海藻酸钠被广泛报道用于制备生物吸附材料，以去除不同的无机/有机污染物。在本综述中，描述了基于海藻酸盐的纳米复合材料在环境修复方面的潜力。包括二氧化硅、金属氧化物、氧化石墨烯、无机-有机混合物、非磁性-磁性、碳纳米管、纳米管、聚合物纳米载体和其他几种材料与海藻酸盐生物聚合物结合用于环境修复。

[307] Polymer-Based Self-Assembled Photonic Crystals to Tune Light Transport and Emission Chemical Communications, 2022, 58(10): 1481-1494. The advent of photonic crystals has made possible the idea of controlling flows of light, which has revolutionized photonics-based technology. Photonic crystals are constructed based on periodic refractive index variations in one-, two-, or three-spatial dimensions on the optical-wavelength scale. Photonic crystals show inherent photonic stop gaps or band gaps depending upon the crystal symmetry and refractive index contrast. Showing ease of fabrication, polymer-based self-assembled photonic crystals with stop gaps have been widely explored. We discuss angle- and polarization-dependent stop gap creation and splitting at higher angles of incidence. The observed stop gaps in self-assembled photonic crystals often deviate from theoretical predictions due to experimental constraints, such as finite size and fabrication disorders associated with samples. We perform micro-reflectivity experiments on a single domain, showing minimal disorder, with nearly 100% reflectivity, which is in agreement with theory. We obtain more than 75% emission intensity suppression and a 30% increase in the emission lifetime at the stop gap using micro-emission experiments in a single domain. This enables us to study the role of finite-size effects in photonic crystals in modifying the emission properties. We observe the linear scaling of the emission intensity suppression and the emission rate with the finite size of the crystal. Our single-domain experimental studies reveal that the use of low index-contrast self-assembled photonic crystals is a potential platform for strategically modifying light transport and emission properties.
[307] 基于聚合物的自组装光子晶体用于调节光传输和发射 化学通讯，2022，58(10)：1481-1494。光子晶体的出现使得控制光流的想法成为可能，这彻底改变了基于光子学的技术。光子晶体基于光学波长尺度上的一维、二维或三维空间中的周期性折射率变化而构建。光子晶体根据晶体对称性和折射率对比度显示出固有的光子禁带或带隙。具有禁带的聚合物基自组装光子晶体易于制造，已被广泛研究。我们讨论了在较高入射角下角度和偏振依赖的禁带形成和分裂。由于实验限制，如样品的有限尺寸和与样品相关的制造缺陷，自组装光子晶体中观察到的禁带往往偏离理论预测。我们在一个单域上进行了微反射率实验，显示出最小的无序，几乎 100%的反射率，这与理论相符。 我们通过在单域内进行微排放实验，在停顿期间实现了超过 75%的排放强度抑制和 30%的排放寿命增加。这使得我们能够研究有限尺寸效应对光子晶体修改发射特性的作用。我们观察到发射强度抑制和发射速率与晶体有限尺寸的线性关系。我们的单域实验研究表明，使用低折射率对比度自组装光子晶体是战略性地修改光传输和发射特性的潜在平台。

[308] A Flexible and Stretchable Photonic Crystal Sensor for Biosensing and Tactile Sensing Heliyon, 2022, 8(11). Biosensing and tactile sensing are considered to be essential functions for intelligent diagnostic medical robot. In this paper, biosensing and tactile sensing had been demonstrated with a single photonic crystal structure. The flexible and stretchable photonic crystal structure consists of PDMS as the flexible substrate and TiO2 as the guided layer, and the nanograting structure was realized by nanoreplica molding. For biosensing experiment, a sensitivity of 93 nm/RIU is verified with ambient environment RI variance simulation results. For tactile sensing experiment, the highest resolution for strain sensing is 0.1%, and the minimum detected scale of the grating period variation is 0.1 nm. The TiO2/PDMS structure based flexible and stretchable photonic crystal sensor demonstrates highly sensitivity and potentially cost effective for biosensing and tactile sensing, and it is promising in the area of intelligent diagnostic medical robot.
一种用于生物传感和触觉传感的柔性可拉伸光子晶体传感器，Heliyon，2022，8(11)。生物传感和触觉传感被认为是智能诊断医疗机器人的基本功能。在本文中，通过单一光子晶体结构实现了生物传感和触觉传感。该柔性可拉伸光子晶体结构由 PDMS 作为柔性基底和 TiO2 作为导波层组成，纳米光栅结构通过纳米复制成型实现。对于生物传感实验，通过环境环境 RI 变化模拟结果验证了 93 nm/RIU 的灵敏度。对于触觉传感实验，应变传感的最高分辨率为 0.1%，光栅周期变化的最小检测尺度为 0.1 nm。基于 TiO2/PDMS 结构的柔性可拉伸光子晶体传感器在生物传感和触觉传感方面表现出高度灵敏度和潜在的性价比，在智能诊断医疗机器人领域具有广阔的应用前景。

[309] Chiral Self-Assembly of Cellulose Nanocrystals Is Driven by Crystallite Bundles Nature Communications, 2022, 13(1): 2657. The transfer of chirality across length-scales is an intriguing and universal natural phenomenon. However, connecting the properties of individual building blocks to the emergent features of their resulting large-scale structure remains a challenge. In this work, we investigate the origins of mesophase chirality in cellulose nanocrystal suspensions, whose self-assembly into chiral photonic films has attracted significant interest. By correlating the ensemble behaviour in suspensions and films with a quantitative morphological analysis of the individual nanoparticles, we reveal an inverse relationship between the cholesteric pitch and the abundance of laterally-bound composite particles. These 'bundles' thus act as colloidal chiral dopants, analogous to those used in molecular liquid crystals, providing the missing link in the hierarchical transfer of chirality from the molecular to the colloidal scale. Chirality transfer across length-scales is an intriguing phenomenon but connecting the properties of individual building blocks to the emergent features of their resulting large-scale structure remains challenging. Here, the authors investigate the origins of mesophase chirality in cellulose nanocrystal suspensions, whose self-assembly into chiral photonic films has attracted significant interest.
[309] 纤维素纳米晶体的手性自组装由晶粒束驱动，《自然·通讯》，2022，13(1)：2657。手性在长度尺度上的转移是一种引人入胜且普遍的自然现象。然而，将单个构建块的性质与其形成的大规模结构的涌现特征联系起来仍然是一个挑战。在这项工作中，我们研究了纤维素纳米晶体悬浮液中介相手性的起源，其自组装成手性光子薄膜引起了广泛关注。通过将悬浮液和薄膜中的集体行为与单个纳米粒子的定量形态分析相关联，我们揭示了胆甾相间距与横向结合复合粒子丰度之间的反向关系。这些“束”因此充当胶体手性掺杂剂，类似于在分子液晶中使用的那些，为从分子尺度到胶体尺度的手性层次转移提供了缺失的环节。 手性在长度尺度上的转移是一个有趣的现象，但将单个构建块的性质与其形成的大规模结构涌现特征联系起来仍然具有挑战性。在这里，作者研究了纤维素纳米晶体悬浮液中介相手性的起源，其自组装成手性光子薄膜引起了广泛关注。

[310] Deformable Photonic Crystals Based on Chiral Liquid Crystals with Thermal-Mediative Shape Memory Effect Materials, 2022, 16(1). We propose a deformable photonic crystal that exhibits the thermal-mediative shape memory effect. The chiral liquid crystalline polymeric scaffold, which produces the structural colors from a helical twist of the liquid crystal director, is prepared through phase-stabilization of a reactive mesogen in a small molecular chiral liquid crystal (CLC), polymerization, and removal of the CLC. The prepolymer of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) is then infiltrated in the prepared scaffold and subsequently photo-polymerized to form a CLC-PUA composite film. Upon compression, this film shows the blue shift of the structural color and retains this color-shift as released from compression. As the temperature increases, the color is recovered to a pristine state. The concept proposed in this study will be useful for designing mechanochromic soft materials.
基于手性液晶的热介导形状记忆效应材料的可变形光子晶体，2022，16(1)。我们提出了一种具有热介导形状记忆效应的可变形光子晶体。通过在小型分子手性液晶（CLC）中反应性介质的相稳定化、聚合以及去除 CLC，制备了产生结构色的手性液晶聚合物支架，该结构色由液晶定向的螺旋扭曲产生。随后，将聚氨酯丙烯酸酯（PUA）预聚体浸渗到制备的支架中，并随后进行光聚合形成 CLC-PUA 复合薄膜。在压缩时，该薄膜显示出结构色的蓝移，并在从压缩中释放后保持这种颜色变化。随着温度的升高，颜色恢复到原始状态。本研究中提出的概念将有助于设计机械变色软材料。

[311] Balanced Coexistence of Reversible and Irreversible Covalent Bonds in a Conductive Triple Polymeric Network Enables Stretchable Hydrogels with High Toughness and Adhesiveness ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2022, 14(50): 56395-56406. The application of soft hydrogels to stretchable devices has attracted increasing attention in deformable bioelectronics owing to their unique characteristic, "modulus matching between materials and organs". Despite considerable progress, their low toughness, low conductivity, and absence of tissue adhesiveness remain substantial challenges associated with unstable skin-interfacing, where body movements undesirably disturb electrical signal acquisitions. Herein, we report a material design of a highly tough strain-dissipative and skin-adhesive conducting hydrogel fabricated through a facile one-step sol-gel transition and its application to an interactive human- machine interface. The hydrogel comprises a triple polymeric network where irreversible amide linkage of polyacrylamide with alginate and dynamic covalent bonds entailing conjugated polymer chains of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-co-(3-thienylboronic acid) are simultaneously capable of high stretchability (1300% strain), efficient strain dissipation (36,209 J/m2), low electrical resistance (590 omega), and even robust skin adhesiveness (35.0 +/- 5.6 kPa). Based on such decent characteristics, the hydrogel was utilized as a multifunctional layer for successfully performing either electrophysiological cardiac/muscular on-skin sensors or an interactive stretchable human-machine interface.
[311] 导电三聚合物网络中可逆和不可逆共价键的平衡共存，实现了具有高韧性和粘附性的可拉伸水凝胶，ACS 应用材料与界面，2022，14(50)：56395-56406。由于软水凝胶具有独特的“材料与器官模量匹配”特性，其在可变形生物电子学领域的应用引起了越来越多的关注。尽管取得了相当大的进展，但它们的低韧性、低导电性和缺乏组织粘附性仍然是与不稳定皮肤界面相关的主要挑战，这种界面在身体运动时会导致不希望的电信号采集干扰。在此，我们报道了一种通过简单一步溶胶-凝胶转变制备的高度韧性和耗散应变的皮肤粘附导电水凝胶的材料设计及其在人机交互界面中的应用。 水凝胶由一个三重聚合物网络组成，其中聚丙烯酰胺与海藻酸盐的不可逆酰胺键合以及涉及聚(3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩)-共-(3-噻吩硼酸)共轭聚合物链的动态共价键同时具有高拉伸性（1300%应变）、高效的应变耗散（36,209 J/m2）、低电阻（590 欧姆）以及甚至坚固的皮肤粘附性（35.0 +/- 5.6 kPa）。基于这些良好的特性，该水凝胶被用作多功能层，成功执行了皮肤上的电生理心脏/肌肉传感器或交互式可拉伸人机界面。

[312] Coordination Chemogenetics for Activation of Gpcr-Type Glutamate Receptors in Brain Tissue Nature Communications, 2022, 13(1): 3167. Direct activation of cell-surface receptors is highly desirable for elucidating their physiological roles. A potential approach for cell-type-specific activation of a receptor subtype is chemogenetics, in which both point mutagenesis of the receptors and designed ligands are used. However, ligand-binding properties are affected in most cases. Here, we developed a chemogenetic method for direct activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGlu1), which plays essential roles in cerebellar functions in the brain. Our screening identified a mGlu1 mutant, mGlu1(N264H), that was activated directly by palladium complexes. A palladium complex showing low cytotoxicity successfully activated mGlu1 in mGlu1(N264H) knock-in mice, revealing that activation of endogenous mGlu1 is sufficient to evoke the critical cellular mechanism of synaptic plasticity, a basis of motor learning in the cerebellum. Moreover, cell-type-specific activation of mGlu1 was demonstrated successfully using adeno-associated viruses in mice, which shows the potential utility of this chemogenetics for clarifying the physiological roles of mGlu1 in a cell-type-specific manner. Cell-type-specific activation of receptors is desirable for elucidating their roles in tissues or animals. Here, the authors developed a chemogenetic method for direct activation of mGlu1, a GPCR-type glutamate receptor subtype, and demonstrate its use in mouse brain tissue.
[312] 基于配位化学遗传学激活脑组织中 Gpcr 型谷氨酸受体 Nature Communications，2022，13(1)：3167。直接激活细胞表面受体对于阐明其生理作用至关重要。一种针对特定细胞类型受体亚型的激活方法是通过化学遗传学，其中既使用了受体的点突变，也使用了设计的配体。然而，在大多数情况下，配体的结合特性都会受到影响。在这里，我们开发了一种化学遗传学方法，用于直接激活代谢型谷氨酸受体 1（mGlu1），它在脑中与小脑功能密切相关。我们的筛选鉴定出了一种 mGlu1 突变体，mGlu1(N264H)，它可以通过钯配合物直接激活。一种低细胞毒性的钯配合物成功激活了 mGlu1(N264H)敲入小鼠中的 mGlu1，揭示了激活内源性 mGlu1 足以引发关键的突触可塑性细胞机制，这是小脑运动学习的基础。 此外，通过使用腺相关病毒在老鼠中成功证明了 mGlu1 细胞类型特异性激活，这显示了这种化学遗传学在以细胞类型特异性方式阐明 mGlu1 生理作用方面的潜在用途。受体在组织或动物中的角色阐明需要细胞类型特异性激活。在这里，作者开发了一种化学遗传学方法，用于直接激活 mGlu1，一种 G 蛋白偶联受体型谷氨酸受体亚型，并展示了其在老鼠脑组织中的应用。

[313] Determination of Vibroacoustic Parameters of Polyurethane Mats for Residential Building Purposes Polymers, 2022, 14(2). This paper is aimed at investigating the use of polyurethane mats, usually used as ballast mats, for residential building purposes. Ballast mats have features that may improve the vibroacoustic comfort in residential rooms. Their strength is certainly an advantage, along with vibration and acoustic insulation. However, the problem that an engineer has to deal with, for example in modeling these types of mats, is a limited knowledge of the material's vibroacoustic parameters. Knowledge of these may be useful for residential buildings. This paper presents measurements of the vibroacoustic parameters of polyurethane mats, together with a suitable methodology and some results and analysis. The two main material parameters responsible for vibroacoustic protection were measured: the dynamic stiffness, which is related to the acoustic properties of the material, and the critical damping coefficient, which is obviously responsible for damping. The measurement methodology is clearly described. A total of five polyurethane materials with different densities were tested. It was possible to identify a relationship between the material density and the vibroacoustic parameters, which could offer an indication of which material to use, depending on the stimulus affecting a human in a given location.
[313] 聚氨酯垫用于住宅建筑振动声学参数的测定 聚合物，2022，14(2)。本文旨在研究聚氨酯垫（通常用作压载垫）在住宅建筑中的应用。压载垫具有可能改善住宅房间振动声学舒适度的特性。它们的强度无疑是一个优点，包括振动和隔音。然而，工程师必须处理的问题，例如在建模这些类型的垫子时，是对材料振动声学参数的了解有限。对这些参数的了解可能对住宅建筑有用。本文介绍了聚氨酯垫振动声学参数的测量，包括适当的方法和一些结果与分析。负责振动声学保护的两种主要材料参数被测量：动态刚度，与材料的声学特性相关，以及临界阻尼系数，显然负责阻尼。测量方法被清楚地描述。 总共测试了五种不同密度的聚氨酯材料。可以确定材料密度与振动声学参数之间的关系，这可以为根据特定位置影响人的刺激选择材料提供参考。

[314] Consensus Receptor-Binding Domain-Targeted Aptamer Selection and Designing of a Photonic Crystal-Decorated Aptasensor for Sars-Cov-2 Analytical Chemistry, 2022, 94(20): 7391-7399. The frequent emergence of variants of concern (VOC) of SARS-CoV-2 necessitates a sensitive and all-inclusive detection platform that remains viable despite the virus mutations. In this context, we targeted the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of glycoprotein (S-protein) of all VOC and constructed a consensus RBD (cRBD) based on the conserved amino acids. Then, we selected a high-affinity ssDNA novel aptamer specific for the cRBD by an in silico approach. The selected aptamer is utilized to fabricate a photonic crystal (PC)-decorated aptasensor (APC-sensor), which consists of polystyrene nanoparticles polymerized within a polyacrylamide hydrogel. cRBD-responsive ssDNA aptamers are crosslinked in the hydrogel network, which selectively bind to the cRBD and SARS-CoV-2 in saliva samples. The binding response can be visually monitored by swelling of the hydrogel and color generation by diffraction of light from PCs and can be quantified by the diffraction ring diameter or a spectrometer. The sensor delivers a LOD of 12.7 +/- 0.55 ng mL(-1) for the cRBD and 3 +/- 18.8 cells mL(-1) for SARS-CoV-2 in saliva samples, with a rapid response of 5 min. The sensor can be stored and regenerated without loss of activity. It can be utilized as a point-of-care testing (POCT) for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis.
[314] 针对 Sars-Cov-2 分析化学的共识受体结合域-靶向适配体筛选和光子晶体装饰适配体传感器的构建，2022，94(20)：7391-7399。SARS-CoV-2 变异株的频繁出现需要一种敏感且全面的检测平台，即使在病毒变异的情况下也能保持有效性。在此背景下，我们针对所有变异株的糖蛋白（S 蛋白）的受体结合域（RBD）进行靶向，并基于保守的氨基酸构建了共识 RBD（cRBD）。然后，我们通过计算机模拟方法选择了一种针对 cRBD 的高亲和力 ssDNA 新型适配体。选定的适配体用于制造光子晶体（PC）装饰的适配体传感器（APC 传感器），该传感器由聚苯乙烯纳米颗粒在聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶中聚合而成。cRBD 响应的 ssDNA 适配体在凝胶网络中交联，可选择性结合唾液样本中的 cRBD 和 SARS-CoV-2。结合反应可以通过水凝胶的膨胀和光子晶体衍射产生的颜色生成进行视觉监测，并通过衍射环直径或光谱仪进行量化。 该传感器对 cRBD 的检测限为 12.7 +/- 0.55 ng mL(-1)，对唾液样本中 SARS-CoV-2 的检测限为 3 +/- 18.8 cells mL(-1)，响应时间仅为 5 分钟。传感器可储存并再生，活性不损失。可用于 SARS-CoV-2 的诊断即时检测（POCT）。

[315] Freeze-Derived Heterogeneous Structural Color Films Nature Communications, 2022, 13(1): 4044. While most of the structural colored materials only present isotropic colors, limiting their functions and many practical applications, while realizing anisotropic structural color materials remains challenging. Here, the authors develop a freeze-derived heterogeneous structural color hydrogels for information encryption and decryption. Structural colors have a demonstrated value in constructing various functional materials. Efforts in this area are devoted to developing stratagem for generating heterogeneous structurally colored materials with new architectures and functions. Here, inspired by icing process in nature and ice-templating technologies, we present freeze-derived heterogeneous structural color hydrogels with multiscale structural and functional features. We find that the space-occupying effect of ice crystals is helpful for tuning the distance of non-close-packed colloidal crystal nanoparticles, resulting in corresponding reflection wavelength shifts in the icing area. Thus, by effectively controlling the growth of ice crystals and photo-polymerizing them, structural color hydrogels with the desired structures and morphologies can be customized. Other than traditional monochromatic structure color hydrogels, the resultant hydrogels can be imparted with heterogeneous structured multi-compartment body and multi-color with designed patterns through varying the freezing area design. Based on these features, we have also explored the potential value of these heterotypic structural color hydrogels for information encryptions and decryptions by creating spatiotemporally controlled icing areas. We believe that these inverse ice-template structural color hydrogels will offer new routes for the construction and modulation of next generation smart materials with desired complex architectures.
[315] 由冷冻法制备的异质结构色薄膜《自然通讯》，2022，13(1): 4044。尽管大多数结构色材料仅呈现各向同性颜色，限制了其功能和许多实际应用，而实现各向异性结构色材料仍然具有挑战性。在这里，作者开发了一种用于信息加密和解密的冷冻法制备的异质结构色水凝胶。结构色在构建各种功能材料方面具有证明的价值。该领域的努力致力于开发生成具有新结构和功能的异质结构色材料的策略。在这里，受自然界中结冰过程和冰模板技术的启发，我们展示了具有多尺度结构和功能特征的冷冻法制备的异质结构色水凝胶。我们发现冰晶的占据空间效应有助于调节非紧密堆积的胶体晶体纳米颗粒的距离，从而导致结冰区域的相应反射波长偏移。 因此，通过有效控制冰晶的生长并对其进行光聚合，可以定制具有所需结构和形态的结构色水凝胶。除了传统的单色结构色水凝胶外，通过改变冻结区域设计，所得水凝胶可以赋予异质结构多室体和多色设计图案。基于这些特性，我们还探索了这些异型结构色水凝胶在信息加密和解密方面的潜在价值，通过创建时空控制冰冻区域。我们相信，这些逆冰模板结构色水凝胶将为构建和调节具有所需复杂结构的下一代智能材料提供新的途径。

[316] Radioluminescent Photonic Bandgap Hydrogels: Mechanochromic Tunable Emissions Langmuir, 2022, 38(33): 10089-10097. Fully organic, radioluminescent crystalline colloidal arrays (CCAs) with covalently incorporated emitters were synthesized by using up to three organic fluorophores that were Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) pairs with each other. The emitters were covalently incorporated into monodisperse poly(styrene-co-propargyl acrylate) nanoparticles in various combinations, resulting in blue-, green-, and red-emitting CCAs when excited with an X-ray source. The negatively charged surfaces of the monodisperse nanoparticles caused self-assembly into a crystal-like structure, which resulted in a partial photonic bandgap (i.e., rejection wavelength) within the near-visible and visible light spectrum. When the rejection wavelength of the CCA overlapped its radioluminescence, the spontaneous emission was inhibited and the emission intensity decreased. A poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate-based hydrogel network was used to encapsulate the CCAs and stabilize their crystal-like structure. Within the hydrogel, coupling the photonic bandgap with the radioluminescence of the CCA films led to robust optical systems with tunable emissions. These fully organic, hydrogel-stabilized, radioluminescent CCAs possess mechanochromic tunable optical characteristics with future applications as potentially less toxic X-ray bioimaging materials.
[316] 放射性发光光子带隙水凝胶：机械色变可调发射 Langmuir，2022，38(33)：10089-10097。通过使用最多三种彼此为福斯特共振能量转移（FRET）对的有机荧光染料，合成了完全有机的放射性发光晶体胶体阵列（CCAs），其中发射体通过共价键合被引入。发射体以各种组合共价键合到单分散聚（苯乙烯-丙烯酸丙基）纳米颗粒中，当用 X 射线源激发时，产生蓝光、绿光和红光发射的 CCAs。单分散纳米颗粒的带负电荷表面导致自组装成类似晶体的结构，从而在近可见光和可见光光谱内产生部分光子带隙（即拒绝波长）。当 CCAs 的拒绝波长与其放射性发光重叠时，自发发射被抑制，发射强度降低。使用聚（乙二醇）甲基丙烯酸酯基水凝胶网络封装 CCAs 并稳定其类似晶体结构。 在水凝胶中，将光子带隙与 CCA 薄膜的放射性荧光耦合，导致了具有可调发射的稳健光学系统。这些完全有机、水凝胶稳定的放射性荧光 CCA 具有机械色变可调光学特性，未来可作为潜在毒性较低的 X 射线生物成像材料应用。

[317] A Bioinspired, Electroactive Colorable and Additive Manufactured Photonic Artificial Muscle Soft Matter, 2022, 18(8): 1617-1627. Structural coloration in biomimetic nanostructures has remarkable application potential in vivid display devices, but their color change effect is still insufficiently competitive towards biology. Inspired by the feather color change of a hummingbird, a new methodology for coloration is proposed. A structure-colorable flexural artificial muscle (FlexAM) is developed by integrating a view-angle dependent photonic diffraction grating pattern and voltage-actuated dielectric elastomers as an electroactive entity via laminated object additive manufacturing. A multi-physics model is developed which guides the FlexAM to harness the view-angle dependence for the new coloration strategy. The electro-mechanochromic performances are experimentally characterized to verify the prediction of the multi-physics model. An ultrafast coloration in the FlexAM with an advancing figure-of-merit at a color-shift rate of 2.814 nm ms(-1) is realized, in addition to an excellent fatigue resistance up to 10 000 cycles. A photonic display with arrayed FlexAM elements is designed, which can be used to display numbers and letters. The current research offers an advanced artificial muscle towards active photonic and visible strain sensing.
[317] 一种生物启发、电活性可着色和增材制造光子人工肌肉软物质，2022，18(8)：1617-1627。仿生纳米结构中的结构色在生动显示设备中具有显著的应用潜力，但它们的颜色变化效果在生物学方面仍不够具有竞争力。受 hummingbird 羽毛颜色变化启发，提出了一种新的着色方法。通过集成视场角依赖的光子衍射光栅图案和电压驱动的介电弹性体作为电活性实体，通过层压对象增材制造开发了一种结构可着色的弯曲人工肌肉（FlexAM）。开发了一个多物理模型，该模型指导 FlexAM 利用视场角依赖性来实现新的着色策略。通过实验表征了电-机械-色变性能，以验证多物理模型的预测。FlexAM 实现了超快着色，在颜色偏移率为 2.814 nm ms(-1)时具有先进的性能指标，此外还具有高达 10 000 次循环的优异耐久性。 设计了一种由排列的 FlexAM 元素组成的光电显示，可用于显示数字和字母。当前研究提供了一种先进的主动光电和可见应变传感的人工肌肉。

[318] Mechanochromic, Shape-Programmable and Self-Healable Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Elastomers Enabled by Dynamic Covalent Boronic Ester Bonds Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 2022, 61(9): e202116219. Endowing a cholesteric liquid crystal elastomer (CLCE) exhibiting a helicoidal nanostructure with dynamically tailorable functionalities is of paramount significance for its emerging applications in diverse fields such as adaptive optics and soft robotics. Here, a mechanochromic, shape-programmable and self-healable CLCE is judiciously designed and synthesized through integrating dynamic covalent Boronic ester bonds into the main-chain CLCE polymer network. The circularly polarized reflection of CLCEs can be reversibly and dynamically tuned across the entire visible spectrum by mechanical stretching. Thanks to the introduction of dynamic boronic ester bonds, the CLCEs were found to show robust reprogrammable and self-healing capabilities. The research disclosed herein can provide new insights into the development of 4D (color and 3D shape) programmable photonic actuators towards bioinspired camouflage, adaptive optical systems, and next-generation intelligent machines.
[318] 基于动态共价硼酸酯键的机械变色、形状可编程和自修复胆甾相液晶弹性体 Angewandte Chemie-International Edition，2022，61(9)：e202116219。赋予具有螺旋状纳米结构的胆甾相液晶弹性体（CLCE）动态可调的功能对于其在自适应光学和软体机器人等众多领域的应用至关重要。在此，通过将动态共价硼酸酯键整合到主链 CLCE 聚合物网络中，巧妙地设计并合成了具有机械变色、形状可编程和自修复特性的 CLCE。CLCE 的圆偏振反射可以通过机械拉伸在可见光谱范围内可逆和动态地调节。得益于动态硼酸酯键的引入，CLCE 被发现表现出强大的可重编程和自修复能力。本研究揭示的内容可以为 4D（颜色和 3D 形状）可编程光子驱动器的开发提供新的见解，以实现生物启发式伪装、自适应光学系统和下一代智能机器。

[319] Mercury Removal from Coal-Fired Flue Gas of High-Sulfur Petroleum Coke Activated by Pyrolysis and Mechanochemical Method Chemical Engineering Journal, 2022, 429.
[319] 焦化及机械化学法活化脱除高硫石油焦燃煤烟气中汞 化学工程学报，2022，429

[320] Real-Time Overcharge Warning and Early Thermal Runaway Prediction of Li-Ion Battery by Online Impedance Measurement Ieee Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2022, 69(2): 1929-1936. A lithium-ion battery has advantages such as high energy density and long calendar life, but it suffers from the risk of thermal runaway. Overcharge-induced thermal runaway accidents hold a considerable percentage. This article discovers that the slope of the dynamic impedance in the frequency band of 30-90 Hz turns positive from negative when the cell just starts to overcharge and proposes the theoretical explanation. Taking 70 Hz impedance as an example, the thermal runaway accident can be successfully avoided by cutting off the charging when the slope turns positive from negative during charging. The warning time is 580 s ahead of the thermal runaway. This feature is easy to identify and requires no complex mathematical models and parameters. Besides, the prediction method based on this feature can be conducted by using an online dynamic impedance measurement device designed by us, which is suitable for large-scale applications. Thus, the overcharge-induced thermal runaway accidents can be avoided.
[320] 通过在线阻抗测量实现锂离子电池实时过充预警和早期热失控预测 IEEE 工业电子学杂志，2022，69(2)：1929-1936。锂离子电池具有高能量密度和长寿命等优势，但存在热失控的风险。由过充引起的热失控事故占相当比例。本文发现，当电池刚开始过充时，30-90 Hz 频段动态阻抗的斜率从负变正，并提出了理论解释。以 70 Hz 阻抗为例，在充电过程中斜率从负变正时切断充电，可以成功避免热失控事故。预警时间比热失控提前 580 秒。这一特征易于识别，且无需复杂的数学模型和参数。此外，基于这一特征的预测方法可以通过使用我们设计的在线动态阻抗测量设备进行，该设备适用于大规模应用。 因此，可以避免由过充引起的热失控事故。

[321] Photoelectrochemical Polymerization for Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 2022, 43(5): e2100762. Dye-sensitized solar cells represent promising alternative photovoltaic (PV) technologies with the advantages of low material cost, ease of production, and high performance for indoor applications. Solid-state DSCs (ssDSCs) have been developed to greatly diminish the problems of electrolyte leakage and electrode corrosion. However, the power conversion efficiency of ssDSCs generally is much lower than traditional liquid DSCs, resulting in low conductivity and poor pore infiltration of solid HTMs in mesoporous structures. To overcome these problems, in situ photoelectrochemical polymerization (PEP) approach is developed to synthesize polymer HTMs in the porous electrodes, enabling enhancement of pore infiltration fraction and conductivity. The PEP method offers great opportunities for engineering the HTM interfaces, tuning the charge dynamics, and improving the PV performance of ssDSCs. Here the authors aim to present a coherent review of the recent development of material engineering and interfacial optimization for ssDSCs. The recent advances in the PEP are also summarized, with special emphasis on how the influencing factors control the PEP kinetics, the polymer properties as well as the device performance. This review provides a deep understanding of the mechanism of photopolymerization across different conditions, which serves as a guidebook for further optimization of the PEP process for ssDSCs.
[321] 固态染料敏化太阳能电池的光电化学聚合：大分子快速通讯，2022，43(5)：e2100762。染料敏化太阳能电池代表了具有低成本、易生产和高性能室内应用优势的具有潜力的光伏（PV）技术。固态 DSCs（ssDSCs）已被开发出来以大大减少电解质泄漏和电极腐蚀的问题。然而，ssDSCs 的功率转换效率通常远低于传统液态 DSCs，导致固体 HTMs 在介孔结构中的导电性和孔隙渗透性较差。为了克服这些问题，开发了原位光电化学聚合（PEP）方法来在多孔电极中合成聚合物 HTMs，从而提高孔隙渗透分数和导电性。PEP 方法为工程化 HTM 界面、调节电荷动力学和改善 ssDSCs 的 PV 性能提供了巨大机遇。在此，作者旨在展示固态 DSCs 材料工程和界面优化的最新发展综述。 近期在 PEP 方面的进展也进行了总结，特别强调了影响因子如何控制 PEP 动力学、聚合物性能以及器件性能。本综述深入理解了在不同条件下光聚合机理，为 ssDSCs 的 PEP 工艺进一步优化提供了指南。

[322] Multifunctional Flexible Humidity Sensor Systems Towards Noncontact Wearable Electronics Nano-Micro Letters, 2022, 14(1): 150. In the past decade, the global industry and research attentions on intelligent skin-like electronics have boosted their applications in diverse fields including human healthcare, Internet of Things, human-machine interfaces, artificial intelligence and soft robotics. Among them, flexible humidity sensors play a vital role in noncontact measurements relying on the unique property of rapid response to humidity change. This work presents an overview of recent advances in flexible humidity sensors using various active functional materials for contactless monitoring. Four categories of humidity sensors are highlighted based on resistive, capacitive, impedance-type and voltage-type working mechanisms. Furthermore, typical strategies including chemical doping, structural design and Joule heating are introduced to enhance the performance of humidity sensors. Drawing on the noncontact perception capability, human/plant healthcare management, human-machine interactions as well as integrated humidity sensor-based feedback systems are presented. The burgeoning innovations in this research field will benefit human society, especially during the COVID-19 epidemic, where cross-infection should be averted and contactless sensation is highly desired.
[322] 多功能柔性湿度传感器系统：面向非接触式可穿戴电子设备 纳米-微纳信函，2022，14(1)：150。在过去十年中，全球产业和研究对类皮肤智能电子的关注推动了其在包括人类医疗保健、物联网、人机界面、人工智能和软体机器人等众多领域的应用。其中，柔性湿度传感器在依赖对湿度变化快速响应的独特性能的非接触式测量中发挥着至关重要的作用。本研究概述了使用各种活性功能材料进行无接触监测的柔性湿度传感器的最新进展。基于电阻型、电容型、阻抗型和电压型工作机制，突出了四种湿度传感器的类别。此外，介绍了典型的策略，包括化学掺杂、结构设计和焦耳加热，以增强湿度传感器的性能。利用非接触感知能力，展示了人类/植物医疗保健管理、人机交互以及基于集成湿度传感器的反馈系统。 该研究领域涌现的创新将造福人类社会，尤其是在 COVID-19 疫情期间，应避免交叉感染，且高度期望无接触感。

[323] Double Lock Label Based on Thermosensitive Polymer Hydrogels for Information Camouflage and Multilevel Encryption Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 2022, 61(16): e202117066. Developing extra safety encryption technologies to prevent information leakage and combat fakes is in high demand but is challenging. Herein, we propose a "double lock" strategy based on both lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and upper critical solution temperature (UCST) polymer hydrogels for information camouflage and multilevel encryption. Two types of hydrogels were synthesized by the method of random copolymerization. The number of -CO-NH2 groups in the network structure of the hydrogels changed the enthalpic or entropic thermo-responsive hydrogels, and ultimately precisely controlled their phase transition temperature. The crosslink density of the polymer hydrogels governs the diffusion kinetics, resulting in a difference in the time for their color change. The combination of multiple LCST and UCST hydrogels in one label realized information encryption and dynamic information identification in the dimensions of both time and temperature. This work is highly interesting for the fields of information encryption, anti-counterfeiting, and smart responsive materials.
基于温敏聚合物水凝胶的双锁信息伪装和多级加密策略 Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 2022, 61(16): e202117066。开发额外的安全加密技术以防止信息泄露和打击假冒需求迫切但具有挑战性。在此，我们提出了一种基于下临界溶液温度（LCST）和上临界溶液温度（UCST）聚合物水凝胶的“双锁”策略，用于信息伪装和多级加密。通过随机共聚方法合成了两种类型的水凝胶。水凝胶网络结构中-CO-NH2 基团的数量改变了焓或熵热响应水凝胶，并最终精确控制了它们的相变温度。聚合物水凝胶的交联密度控制了扩散动力学，导致它们颜色变化的时间不同。一个标签中结合多种 LCST 和 UCST 水凝胶实现了时间和温度维度上的信息加密和动态信息识别。 这项工作对信息加密、防伪和智能响应材料领域极具兴趣。

[324] Functionalized Fiber-Based Strain Sensors: Pathway to Next-Generation Wearable Electronics Nano-Micro Letters, 2022, 14(1): 61. Wearable strain sensors are arousing increasing research interests in recent years on account of their potentials in motion detection, personal and public healthcare, future entertainment, man-machine interaction, artificial intelligence, and so forth. Much research has focused on fiber-based sensors due to the appealing performance of fibers, including processing flexibility, wearing comfortability, outstanding lifetime and serviceability, low-cost and large-scale capacity. Herein, we review the latest advances in functionalization and device fabrication of fiber materials toward applications in fiber-based wearable strain sensors. We describe the approaches for preparing conductive fibers such as spinning, surface modification, and structural transformation. We also introduce the fabrication and sensing mechanisms of state-of-the-art sensors and analyze their merits and demerits. The applications toward motion detection, healthcare, man-machine interaction, future entertainment, and multifunctional sensing are summarized with typical examples. We finally critically analyze tough challenges and future remarks of fiber-based strain sensors, aiming to implement them in real applications.
[324] 功能化纤维应变传感器：下一代可穿戴电子器件的途径 纳米微流信函，2022，14(1)：61。近年来，由于其在运动检测、个人和公共医疗保健、未来娱乐、人机交互、人工智能等方面的潜力，可穿戴应变传感器引起了越来越多的研究兴趣。许多研究集中在基于纤维的传感器上，因为纤维具有吸引人的性能，包括加工灵活性、穿着舒适性、卓越的寿命和可维护性、低成本和大规模生产能力。在此，我们回顾了纤维材料在功能化和器件制造方面的最新进展，以应用于基于纤维的可穿戴应变传感器。我们描述了制备导电纤维的方法，如纺丝、表面改性以及结构转变。我们还介绍了最先进传感器的制造和传感机制，并分析了它们的优缺点。总结了在运动检测、医疗保健、人机交互、未来娱乐和多功能传感方面的应用，并给出了典型实例。 我们最终对光纤应变传感器的难题和未来展望进行了批判性分析，旨在将其应用于实际应用中。

[325] A Facile Method to Fabricate High Performance Pva/Paa-as Hydrogel Via the Synergy of Multiple Hydrogen Bonding and Hofmeister Effect Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2022, 34(2): 243-257. Hydrogels are widely used in biomedical engineering, which often require matched mechanical properties to meet specific demands. Recently, numerous research studies have contributed to tissue engineering hydrogels by soaking strategies to obtain designed properties. Herein, a strategy to fabricate poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylic acid)-ammonium sulfate (PVA/PAA-AS) hydrogel by successively soaking an aqueous PAA solution and (NH(4))(2)SO(4) solution based on the synergy of multiple hydrogen bonding and Hofmeister effect is reported, which exhibits remarkable comprehensive mechanical properties: rigidity (elastic modulus: 0.7-3.6 MPa), strength at break (tensile stress: 3.2-12.0 MPa; strain 320-650%), and toughness (fracture energy: 4.5-30.0 MJ m-3). Besides, PVA/PAA-AS hydrogel with unique spring-like microstructure exhibited super-resilience in 30% strain range by energy-transforming mechanism. Compared with pure PVA hydrogel, PVA/PAA-AS hydrogel has the equal excellent cytocompatibility. Therefore, PVA/PAA-AS hydrogel with high strength, modulus, toughness, super-resilience and excellent biocompatibility has potential applications in the soft tissue engineering field such as muscles, tendons, and ligaments.
一种通过多种氢键和霍夫迈斯特效应协同作用制备高性能 PVA/PAA-AS 水凝胶的简便方法，《生物材料科学，聚合物版》，2022，34(2)：243-257。水凝胶在生物医学工程中得到广泛应用，通常需要匹配的机械性能以满足特定需求。最近，许多研究通过浸泡策略为组织工程水凝胶提供了设计性能。本文报道了一种基于多种氢键和霍夫迈斯特效应协同作用，通过依次浸泡水溶性 PAA 溶液和(NH4)2SO4 溶液制备聚乙烯醇/聚丙烯酸-硫酸铵（PVA/PAA-AS）水凝胶的策略，该水凝胶表现出卓越的综合机械性能：刚度（弹性模量：0.7-3.6 MPa）、断裂强度（拉伸应力：3.2-12.0 MPa；应变 320-650%）和韧性（断裂能：4.5-30.0 MJ m-3）。此外，具有独特弹簧状微观结构的 PVA/PAA-AS 水凝胶通过能量转换机制在 30%应变范围内表现出超弹性。 与纯 PVA 水凝胶相比，PVA/PAA-AS 水凝胶具有同等优异的细胞相容性。因此，具有高强度、模量、韧性、超高弹性和优异生物相容性的 PVA/PAA-AS 水凝胶在软组织工程领域（如肌肉、肌腱和韧带）具有潜在应用价值。

[326] Electrically Programmable Interfacial Adhesion for Ultrastrong Hydrogel Bonding Advanced Materials, 2022, 34(13). Adjustable interfacial adhesion is of great significance in smart-hydrogel-related engineering fields. This study presents an electroadhesion strategy for universal and ultrastrong hydrogel bonding with electrically programmable strength. An ionic hydrogel containing lithium ions is designed to achieve hydrated-ion-diffusion-mediated interfacial adhesion, where external electric fields are employed to precisely control spatiotemporal dynamics of the ion diffusion across ionic adhesion region (IAR). The hydrogel can realize a universal, ultrastrong, efficient, tough, reversible, and environmentally tolerant electroadhesion to diverse hydrogels, whose peak adhesion strength and interfacial adhesion toughness are as high as 1.2 MPa and 3750 J m(-2), respectively. With a mechanoelectric coupling model, the dominant role of the hydrated ions in IAR played in the interfacial electroadhesion is further quantitatively revealed. The proposed strategy opens a door for developing high-performance adhesion hydrogels with electrically programmable functions, which are indispensable for various emerging fields like flexible electronics and soft robotics.
[326] 电可编程界面粘附实现超强水凝胶键合，先进材料，2022，34(13)。可调界面粘附在智能水凝胶相关工程领域具有重要意义。本研究提出了一种电粘附策略，用于实现通用和超强水凝胶键合，具有电可编程的强度。设计了一种含锂离子的离子水凝胶，以实现水合离子扩散介导的界面粘附，其中外部电场被用于精确控制离子粘附区域（IAR）中离子扩散的时空动力学。该水凝胶可以实现通用、超强、高效、坚韧、可逆和环保的电粘附，对各种水凝胶的峰值粘附强度和界面粘附韧性分别高达 1.2 MPa 和 3750 J m(-2)。通过机械电耦合模型，进一步定量揭示了水合离子在 IAR 中在界面电粘附中的主导作用。 提出的策略为开发具有电可编程功能的高性能粘附水凝胶打开了大门，这对于柔性电子学和软体机器人等众多新兴领域至关重要。

[327] Curing Kinetics of Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate—Based Polyurethane Elastomers Polymers, 2022, 14(17).
[327] 基于甲苯二异氰酸酯的聚氨酯弹性体聚合物的固化动力学，2022，14(17)。

[328] Revealing Lithium Battery Gas Generation for Safer Practical Applications Advanced Functional Materials, 2022, 32(47). Gases generated from lithium batteries are detrimental to their electrochemical performances, especially under the unguarded runaway conditions, which tend to contribute the sudden gases accumulation (including flammable gases), resulting in safety issues such as explosion and combustion. The comprehensive understanding of battery gas evolution mechanism under different conditions is extremely important, which is conducive to realizing a visual cognition about the complex reaction processes between electrodes and electrolytes, and providing effective strategies to optimize battery performances. This review aims to summarize the recent progress about battery gas evolution mechanism and highlight the gas suppression strategies to improve battery safety. New approaches toward future gas evolution analysis and suppression are also proposed. It is anticipated that this review will inspire further developments of lithium batteries on performance, gas suppression, and safety, especially in high energy density systems.
揭示锂离子电池气体产生以实现更安全的实际应用 高级功能材料，2022，32(47)。锂离子电池产生的气体对其电化学性能有害，尤其是在未受保护的失控条件下，容易导致气体突然积累（包括易燃气体），从而引发爆炸和燃烧等安全问题。在不同条件下对电池气体演化机制的综合理解至关重要，这有助于实现对电极和电解质之间复杂反应过程的视觉认知，并提供有效策略以优化电池性能。本综述旨在总结电池气体演化机制的最新进展，并突出气体抑制策略以提高电池安全性。还提出了未来气体演化分析和抑制的新方法。预计本综述将激发锂离子电池在性能、气体抑制和安全方面的进一步发展，尤其是在高能量密度系统中。

[329] Health Effects of Exposure to Indoor Volatile Organic Compounds from 1980 to 2017: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Indoor Air, 2022, 32(5): e13038. Exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) indoors is thought to be associated with several adverse health effects. However, we still lack concentration-response (C-R) relationships between VOC levels in civil buildings and various health outcomes. For this paper, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to summarize related associations and C-R relationships. Four databases were searched to collect all relevant studies published between January 1980 and December 2017. A total of 39 studies were identified in the systematic review, and 32 of these were included in the meta-analysis. We found that the pooled relative risk (RR) for leukemia was 1.03 (95% CI: 1.01-1.05) per 1 mu g/m(3) increase of benzene and 1.25 (95%CI: 1.14-1.37) per 0.1 mu g/m(3) increase of butadiene. The pooled RRs for asthma were 1.08 (95% CI: 1.02-1.14), 1.02 (95% CI: 1.00-1.04), and 1.04 (95% CI: 1.02-1.06) per 1 mu g/m(3) increase of benzene, toluene, and p-dichlorobenzene, respectively. The pooled RR for low birth weight was 1.12 (95% CI: 1.05-1.19) per 1 mu g/m(3) increase of benzene. Our findings provide robust evidence for associations between benzene and leukemia, asthma, and low birth weight, as well as for health effects of some other VOCs.
1980 年至 2017 年室内挥发性有机化合物暴露的健康影响：系统评价与荟萃分析。室内空气，2022，32(5)：e13038。室内挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的暴露被认为与多种不良健康影响相关。然而，我们仍然缺乏民用建筑中 VOC 水平与各种健康结果之间的浓度-反应（C-R）关系。对于本文，我们进行了一项系统评价和荟萃分析，以总结相关关联和 C-R 关系。检索了四个数据库，收集了 1980 年 1 月至 2017 年 12 月间发表的所有相关研究。系统评价中共确定了 39 项研究，其中 32 项被纳入荟萃分析。我们发现，苯的相对风险（RR）合并值为 1.03（95%CI：1.01-1.05）每增加 1 微克/立方米，丁二烯的相对风险合并值为 1.25（95%CI：1.14-1.37）每增加 0.1 微克/立方米。哮喘的相对风险合并值分别为苯 1.08（95%CI：1.02-1.14）、甲苯 1.02（95%CI：1.00-1.04）和对二氯苯 1.04（95%CI：1.02-1.06）每增加 1 微克/立方米。 苯暴露下，低出生体重的合并相对风险为 1.12（95% CI：1.05-1.19），每增加 1 微克/立方米。我们的研究结果为苯与白血病、哮喘和低出生体重之间的关联提供了强有力的证据，以及某些其他挥发性有机化合物对健康的影响。

[330] 3d Printing Colloidal Crystal Microstructures Via Sacrificial-Scaffold-Mediated Two-Photon Lithography Nature Communications, 2022, 13(1): 4563. The orderly arrangement of nanomaterials' tiny units at the nanometer-scale accounts for a substantial part of their remarkable properties. Maintaining this orderness and meanwhile endowing the nanomaterials with highly precise and free-designed 3D micro architectures will open an exciting prospect for various novel applications. In this paper, we developed a sacrificial-scaffold-mediated two-photon lithography (TPL) strategy that enables the fabrication of complex 3D colloidal crystal microstructures with orderly-arranged nanoparticles inside. We show that, with the help of a degradable hydrogel scaffold, the disturbance effect of the femtosecond laser to the nanoparticle self-assembling could be overcome. Therefore, hydrogel-state and solid-state colloidal crystal microstructures with diverse compositions, free-designed geometries and variable structural colors could be easily fabricated. This enables the possibility to create novel colloidal crystal microsensing systems that have not been achieved before. Colloidal crystals are widely applied in the fabrication of optoelectronic devices, but realizing freedom of design, such as in 3D printing, in colloidal crystal fabrication remains challenging. Here, the authors demonstrate a sacrificial-scaffold-mediated two-photon lithography strategy that enables the fabrication of complex 3D colloidal crystal microstructures with orderly arranged nanoparticles in the bulk.
通过牺牲支架介导的双光子光刻技术制备 3D 胶体晶体微结构——Nature Communications，2022，13(1)：4563。纳米材料在纳米尺度上的有序排列是其卓越性能的重要组成部分。保持这种有序性，同时赋予纳米材料高度精确和自由设计的 3D 微结构，将为各种新型应用开辟令人兴奋的前景。在本文中，我们开发了一种牺牲支架介导的双光子光刻（TPL）策略，该策略能够制造出内部有序排列纳米粒子的复杂 3D 胶体晶体微结构。我们表明，借助可降解水凝胶支架，可以克服飞秒激光对纳米粒子自组装的干扰效应。因此，可以轻松地制造出具有不同组成、自由设计几何形状和可变结构颜色的水凝胶态和固态胶体晶体微结构。这为创建以前未曾实现的新型胶体晶体微传感系统提供了可能性。 胶体晶体在光电子器件的制造中得到广泛应用，但在胶体晶体制造中实现设计自由度，如 3D 打印，仍然具有挑战性。在此，作者展示了牺牲支架介导的双光子光刻策略，该策略能够制造出具有有序排列纳米颗粒的复杂 3D 胶体晶体微结构。

[331] Interferometer-Based Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors in Long-Distance Vibration Detection: A Review IEEE Sensors Journal, 2022, 22(22): 21428-21444. In unmanned monitoring such as perimeter security, pipeline detection, railway security, and so on, it is still a challenging task to accurately locate the irregular vibration events. Compared with traditional vibration detection technologies, distributed optical fiber vibration sensors (DOFVSs) have superior advantages such as high spatial resolution, large monitoring range, good concealment, excellent flexibility, and simple sensing structure. The DOFVS can be mainly classified into two types, i.e., the interferometer-based DOFVS (IDOFVS) and the backscattering-based DOFVS (BDOFVS). In particular, IDOFVS has unique sensing advantages, such as high stability, simple structure, high sensitivity, and wide frequency response. In this article, the development of long-distance IDOFVS in recent years has been summarized. The sensing principle of IDOFVS has been theoretically explained. The specific classification of the IDOFVS and the corresponding sensing structures are described in detail. In addition, the long-distance distributed vibration sensing structure and processing algorithms, such as denoising and locating algorithms, are analyzed. Finally, the performance of recent long-distance IDOFVS has been compared and the development direction has been discussed.
[331] 基于干涉仪的分布式光纤传感器在长距离振动检测中的应用：综述 IEEE 传感器杂志，2022，22(22)：21428-21444。在无人监控，如周界安全、管道检测、铁路安全等领域，准确定位不规则振动事件仍然是一项具有挑战性的任务。与传统振动检测技术相比，分布式光纤振动传感器（DOFVSs）具有高空间分辨率、大监测范围、良好隐蔽性、优异灵活性和简单传感结构等优越优势。DOFVS 主要分为两种类型，即基于干涉仪的 DOFVS（IDOFVS）和基于背向散射的 DOFVS（BDOFVS）。特别是，IDOFVS 具有独特的传感优势，如高稳定性、简单结构、高灵敏度和宽频响应。本文总结了近年来长距离 IDOFVS 的发展。详细描述了 IDOFVS 的传感原理及其具体分类和相应的传感结构。 此外，对长距离分布式振动传感结构及其处理算法，如降噪和定位算法进行了分析。最后，对近期长距离 IDOFVS 的性能进行了比较，并讨论了发展方向。

[332] Bio‐Inspired Wrinkled Photonic Elastomer with Superior Controllable and Mechanically Stable Structure for Multi‐Mode Color Display Advanced Functional Materials, 2022, 32(45).
[332] 基于生物灵感的具有优异可控性和机械稳定结构的皱褶光子弹性体，用于多模式彩色显示，先进功能材料，2022，32(45)。

[333] Soft Wearable Devices for Deep-Tissue Sensing Nature Reviews Materials, 2022, 7(11): 850-869. Wearable devices with skin-like mechanical properties enable continuous monitoring of the human body. However, wearable device design has mainly focused on recording superficial signals from the skin thus far, which can only reveal limited information about health and disease. Deep-tissue signals, for example, electrophysiologic, metabolic, circulatory, thermal and mechanical signals, often have stronger correlation with disease and can predict the onset of symptoms. In this Review, we discuss the engineering of soft wearable devices that can sense signals in deep tissues. We highlight electrical, electromagnetic, thermal and mechanical sensing approaches, investigating sensing mechanisms, device designs, fabrication processes and sensing performance, with a focus on penetration depth and temporal and spatial resolutions in the human body. Finally, we discuss remaining challenges in the field and highlight strategies to further improve penetration depth and specificity, accuracy and system-level integration. Wearable devices can sense physiological signals on the surface of the human body. This Review discusses the design, sensing mechanisms and fabrication of wearable devices that can probe deep-tissue signals, beyond the skin, to provide information about human health and disease.
[333] 深部组织感知的软可穿戴设备 自然材料评论，2022，7(11)：850-869。具有类似皮肤机械特性的可穿戴设备能够实现对人体身体的持续监测。然而，迄今为止，可穿戴设备的设计主要集中于记录皮肤表面的信号，这只能揭示有限的健康和疾病信息。深部组织信号，例如电生理、代谢、循环、热和机械信号，通常与疾病有更强的相关性，并能预测症状的发生。在本综述中，我们讨论了能够感知深部组织信号的软可穿戴设备的工程。我们强调了电气、电磁、热和机械传感方法，研究了传感机制、设备设计、制造工艺和传感性能，重点关注人体内的穿透深度、时间和空间分辨率。最后，我们讨论了该领域的剩余挑战，并突出了进一步提高穿透深度和特异性、准确性和系统级集成的策略。 可穿戴设备可以感知人体表面的生理信号。本综述讨论了可穿戴设备的设计、传感机制和制造，这些设备可以探测深层组织信号，穿透皮肤，以提供有关人类健康和疾病的信息。

[334] Ionic Coordination Strengthening of Temperature-Driven Gradient Hydrogel Actuators with Rapid Responsiveness Composites Part B-Engineering, 2022, 245: 110210-110216. Emerging applications of stimuli-responsive hydrogels as soft actuators and robotics have attracted great attention, but they face challenges in practical applications due to their poor mechanical properties, low driving force, and low actuation speed. Herein, we presented tough hydrogel actuators composed of a copolymer of N- isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt (SPA) monomers, and tunicate cellulose nanocrystals (TCNCs). The negatively charged TCNCs as nanofillers were gradient arranged by a direct current electric field (DC-EF) via electrophoresis. After in situ polymerization, TCNCs gradient distributed across the thickness of hydrogel, resulting in the formation of gradient crosslinking density of networks. Hydrogel actuators with high strength were obtained via Zr4+/- SO3- ionic coordination, whose tensile strength was about 200 times of hydrogel without ionic coordination. These hydrogel actuators exhibited rapid bending velocity, excellent stability, and good cycling performance in response to temperature. Importantly, these hydrogel ac-tuators could be designed as soft robots to lift and transport objects by changing environment temperature. This work provided a facile yet efficient strategy to fabricate soft actuators with high strength and rapid responsiveness.
[334] 温度驱动梯度水凝胶驱动器的离子配位强化及其快速响应复合材料 B-工程，2022，245：110210-110216。刺激响应水凝胶作为软驱动器和机器人的新兴应用引起了广泛关注，但由于其较差的机械性能、低驱动力和低驱动速度，它们在实际应用中面临挑战。在此，我们提出了一种由 N-异丙基丙烯酰胺（NIPAM）和 3-磺丙基甲基丙烯酸钾盐（SPA）单体共聚物以及海藻酸纤维素纳米晶体（TCNCs）组成的坚韧水凝胶驱动器。带负电荷的 TCNCs 作为纳米填料，通过电泳由直流电场（DC-EF）进行梯度排列。原位聚合后，TCNCs 在凝胶厚度方向上梯度分布，导致形成梯度交联密度网络。通过 Zr4+/- SO3-离子配位，获得了具有高强度的水凝胶驱动器，其拉伸强度约为无离子配位水凝胶的 200 倍。 这些水凝胶驱动器在响应温度时表现出快速弯曲速度、优异的稳定性和良好的循环性能。重要的是，这些水凝胶驱动器可以被设计成软体机器人，通过改变环境温度来举起和运输物体。这项工作提供了一种简单而有效的方法来制造具有高强度和快速响应性的软体驱动器。

[335] When Chirophotonic Film Meets Wrinkles: Viewing Angle Independent Corrugated Photonic Crystal Paper Advanced Materials, 2022, 35(1): e2206764. Light manipulation strategies of nature have fascinated humans for centuries. In particular, structural colors are of considerable interest due to their ability to control the interaction between light and matter. Here, wrinkled photonic crystal papers (PCPs) are fabricated to demonstrate the consistent reflection of colors regardless of viewing angles. The nanoscale molecular self-assembly of a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) with a microscale corrugated surface is combined. Fully polymerizable CLC paints are uniaxially coated onto a wrinkled interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) substrate. Photopolymerization of the helicoidal nanostructures results in a flexible and free-standing PCP. The facile method of fabricating the wrinkled PCPs provides a scalable route for the development of novel chirophotonic materials with precisely controlled helical pitch and curvature dimensions. The reflection notch position of the flat PCP shifts to a lower wavelength when the viewing angle increased, while the selective reflection wavelength of wrinkled PCP is remained consistent regardless of viewing angles. The optical reflection of the 1D stripe-wrinkled PCP is dependent on the wrinkle direction. PCPs with different corrugated directions can be patterned to reduce the angular-dependent optical reflection of wrinkles. Furthermore, 2D wavy-wrinkled PCP is successfully developed that exhibit directionally independent reflection of color.
[335] 当旋光薄膜遇到皱纹：视角无关的波纹光子晶体纸《先进材料》，2022，35(1)：e2206764。自然界的光操纵策略自古以来就令人类着迷。特别是结构色因其能够控制光与物质的相互作用而备受关注。在此，我们制备了波纹光子晶体纸（PCPs）以展示颜色反射的一致性，不受视角影响。将具有微米级波纹表面的胆甾醇液晶（CLC）的纳米级分子自组装与微米级波纹相结合。将可完全聚合的 CLC 涂料单轴涂覆在波纹互穿聚合物网络（IPN）基板上。螺旋纳米结构的光聚合产生了一种柔性和自支撑的 PCP。制备波纹 PCPs 的简便方法为开发具有精确控制螺旋节距和曲率尺寸的新型旋光光子材料提供了一种可扩展的途径。 平面 PCP 的反射槽位置在观察角度增加时移至更低波长，而皱褶 PCP 的选择性反射波长无论观察角度如何都保持一致。一维条纹皱褶 PCP 的光学反射取决于皱褶方向。不同皱褶方向的 PCP 可以被设计成图案，以减少皱褶的角依赖性光学反射。此外，成功开发出二维波浪状皱褶 PCP，它表现出方向无关的颜色反射。

[336] 3d-Printable Colloidal Photonic Crystals Materials Today, 2022, 56: 29-41. The architecture of the colloidal photonic crystals (CPCs) is of paramount importance to their functionality and applications. Nevertheless, the realization of CPCs with arbitrarily designed, volumetrically sophisticated structures at the macroscale remains challenging. In this work, a printable CPC ink was developed. By combining this ink with a digital light processing (DLP)-based three-dimensional (3D) printing system, we were able to fabricate the CPC superstructures featuring both digitally defined macroscale geometries and structural colors originating from the ordered structures at the sub-micron scale. Moreover, besides the arbitrarily adjustable and precisely designable architectures, the optical properties, mechanical performances, and stimuli-responsiveness of the printed objects could also be facilely tuned by the composition of the ink or the printing parameters of the DLP system. This technology endows us the ability to fabricate CPCs with a multitude of desirable functions as well as mimic the hierarchical structures and color-manipulation strategies of some creatures in nature, which paves the way for potentially broad applications in intelligent color displays, 3D integrated sensors, biomimetic color-morphing soft robots, and smart anti-counterfeiting labels, among others.
[336] 可 3D 打印的胶体光子晶体材料《材料今天》，2022，56：29-41。胶体光子晶体（CPC）的架构对其功能和应用至关重要。尽管如此，在宏观尺度上实现具有任意设计、体积复杂结构的 CPC 仍然具有挑战性。在这项工作中，开发了一种可打印的 CPC 墨水。通过将这种墨水与基于数字光处理（DLP）的三维（3D）打印系统相结合，我们能够制造出具有数字定义的宏观几何形状和来自亚微米尺度有序结构的结构色的 CPC 超结构。此外，除了可任意调整和精确设计的架构外，打印物体的光学特性、机械性能和刺激响应性也可以通过墨水的组成或 DLP 系统的打印参数轻松调节。 这项技术使我们能够制造具有多种理想功能的 CPCs，并模仿自然界中某些生物的层次结构和色彩操控策略，从而为智能色彩显示、3D 集成传感器、仿生色彩变形软体机器人和智能防伪标签等领域的广泛应用铺平了道路。

[337] Demand for Safety Standards in the Development of the Electrochemical Energy Storage Industry Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(8): 2645-2652.
[337] 电化学储能行业发展中的安全标准需求《储能科学与技术》2022，11(8)：2645-2652。

[338] Cracking Enabled Unclonability in Colloidal Crystal Patterns Authenticated with Computer Vision Nanoscale, 2022, 14(24): 8833-8841. Colloidal crystals with iridescent structural coloration have appealing applications in the fields of sensors, displays, anti-counterfeiting, etc. A serious issue accompanying the facile chemical self-assembly approach to colloidal crystals is the formation of uncontrolled and irregular cracks. In contrast to the previous efforts to avoid cracking, the unfavorable and random micro-cracks in colloidal crystals were utilized here as unclonable codes for tamper-proof anti-counterfeiting. The special structural and optical characteristics of the colloidal crystal patterns assembled with monodisperse poly(styrene-methyl methacrylate-acrylic acid) core-shell nanospheres enabled multi-anti-counterfeiting modes, including angle-dependent structural colors and polarization anisotropy, besides the physically unclonable functions (PUFs) of random micro-cracks. Moreover, by using the random cracks in the colloidal crystals as templates to guide fluorescent silica nanoparticle deposition, an fluorescent anti-counterfeiting mode with PUFs was introduced. To validate the PUFs of the fluorescent micro-cracks in the colloidal crystals, a novel edge-sensitive template matching approach based on a computer vision algorithm with an accuracy of similar to 100% was developed, enabling ultimate security immune to forgery. The computer-vision verifiable physically unclonable colloidal crystals with multi-anti-counterfeiting modes are superior to conventional photonic crystal anti-counterfeiting materials that rely on angle-dependent or tunable structural colors, and the conventional PUF labels in the aspect of decorative functions, which will open a new avenue for advanced security materials with multi-functionality.
[338] 利用计算机视觉验证的胶体晶体图案的破译使不可克隆性成为可能，2022，14(24)：8833-8841。具有彩虹状结构色的胶体晶体在传感器、显示器、防伪等领域具有诱人的应用。采用简便的化学自组装方法制备胶体晶体时伴随的一个严重问题是不可控和不规则的裂纹形成。与先前避免裂纹的努力不同，这里将胶体晶体中的不利和随机微裂纹用作不可克隆的防伪代码。由单分散聚（苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸）核壳纳米球组装的胶体晶体图案的特殊结构和光学特性，除了随机微裂纹的物理不可克隆功能（PUFs）外，还实现了多种防伪模式，包括角度依赖性结构色和偏振各向异性。此外，通过利用胶体晶体中的随机裂纹作为模板来引导荧光二氧化硅纳米粒子的沉积，引入了一种具有 PUFs 的荧光防伪模式。 为了验证胶体晶体中荧光微裂纹的 PUFs，开发了一种基于计算机视觉算法的新型边缘敏感模板匹配方法，其准确率接近 100%，从而实现终极安全且免受伪造。具有多防伪模式的计算机视觉可验证物理不可克隆胶体晶体优于依赖于角度依赖或可调结构色的传统光子晶体防伪材料，以及从装饰功能角度的传统 PUF 标签，这将为多功能高级安全材料开辟一条新途径。

[339] Application of "Click" Chemistry in Biomedical Hydrogels Acs Omega, 2022, 7(42): 36918-36928. Since "click" chemistry was first reported in 2001, it has remained a popular research topic in the field of chemistry due to its high yield without byproducts, fast reaction rate, simple reaction, and biocompatibility. It has achieved good applications in various fields, especially for the preparation of hydrogels. The development of biomedicine presents new challenges and opportunities for hydrogels, and "click" chemistry provides a library of chemical tools for the preparation of various innovative hydrogels, including cell culture, 3D bioprinting, and drug release. This article summarizes several common "click" reactions, including copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions, strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) reaction, thiol-ene reaction, the Diels-Alder reaction, and the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction. We introduce the "click" reaction in the nucleic acid field to expand the concept of "click" chemistry. This article focuses on the application of "click" chemistry for preparing various types of biomedical hydrogels and highlights the advantages of "click" reactions for cross-linking to obtain hydrogels. This review also discusses applications of "click" chemistry outside the field of hydrogels, such as drug synthesis, targeted delivery, and surface modification, hydrogels have great application potential in these fields in the future and hopefully inspire other applications of hydrogels.
[339] 点击化学在生物医用水凝胶中的应用 Acs Omega, 2022, 7(42): 36918-36928。自 2001 年首次报道“点击”化学以来，由于其高产率无副产物、反应速度快、反应简单和生物相容性，它一直保持着化学领域的研究热点。它在各个领域都取得了良好的应用，尤其是在水凝胶的制备方面。生物医药的发展为水凝胶带来了新的挑战和机遇，“点击”化学为制备各种创新水凝胶提供了一系列化学工具，包括细胞培养、3D 生物打印和药物释放。本文总结了几种常见的“点击”反应，包括铜催化的叠氮化物-炔烃环加成反应、应变促进的叠氮化物-炔烃环加成（SPAAC）反应、硫醇-烯反应、狄尔斯-阿尔德反应和逆电子需求狄尔斯-阿尔德（IEDDA）反应。我们介绍了核酸领域的“点击”反应，以扩展“点击”化学的概念。 本文聚焦于“点击化学”在制备各种类型生物医用水凝胶中的应用，并突出了“点击反应”在交联以获得水凝胶方面的优势。本综述还讨论了“点击化学”在水凝胶领域之外的应用，如药物合成、靶向递送和表面改性，水凝胶在这些领域具有巨大的应用潜力，并有望激发其他水凝胶应用。

[340] Responsive Hydrogel-Based Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Sensor for Lactic Acid Detection Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2022, 414(26): 7695-7704. The determination of lactic acid content has a guiding significance for disease diagnosis or food supervision. Herein, a hydrogel-based three-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) sensor for specific detection of lactic acid is introduced. The hydrogel was prepared by one-step copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide and acrylamide in the presence of oxamate derivative 2-((6-acrylamidohexyl) amino)-2-oxoacetic acid (AOA). An obvious color change from orange-red to purple and a 45-nm redshift of the reflection peak were obtained in 3 min when lactic acid concentration increased from 0 to 20 mM. The detection limit was confirmed as 0.1 mM, and the prepared sensor can be reused more than 20 times. Moreover, the affinity and selectivity of AOA to lactic acid were proven by both the interaction energy from density functional theory (DFT) study and the comparison to those of pyruvate and propionic acid. This sensor was proven to be cost-effective and convenient with rapid response time, good reusability, and selectivity.
[340] 基于响应性水凝胶的三维光子晶体乳酸检测传感器 分析与生物分析化学，2022，414(26): 7695-7704。乳酸含量的测定对疾病诊断或食品安全监督具有指导意义。本文介绍了一种基于水凝胶的三维光子晶体（PC）传感器，用于特定检测乳酸。该水凝胶是通过在存在 2-((6-丙烯酰胺己基)氨基)-2-氧代乙酸（AOA）衍生物的情况下，一步共聚 N-异丙基丙烯酰胺和丙烯酰胺制备的。当乳酸浓度从 0 增加到 20 mM 时，在 3 分钟内观察到从橙红色到紫色的明显颜色变化和反射峰的 45 nm 红移。检测限确定为 0.1 mM，制备的传感器可重复使用超过 20 次。此外，通过密度泛函理论（DFT）研究中的相互作用能量和与丙酮酸和丙酸的比较，证实了 AOA 对乳酸的亲和力和选择性。该传感器被证明具有成本效益高、响应时间快、可重复使用性好和选择性强的特点。

[341] Bioinspired Colloidal Photonic Composites: Fabrications and Emerging Applications Advanced Materials, 2022, 34(52): e2110488. Organisms in nature have evolved unique structural colors and stimuli-responsive functions for camouflage, warning, and communication over millions of years, which are essential to their survival in harsh conditions. Inspired by these characteristics, colloidal photonic composites (CPCs) composed of colloidal photonic crystals embedded in the polymeric matrix are artificially prepared and show great promise in applications. This review focuses on the summary of building blocks, i.e., colloidal particles and polymeric matrices, and constructive strategies from the perspective of designing CPCs with robust performance and specific functionality. Furthermore, their state-of-the-art applications are also discussed, including colorful coatings, anti-counterfeiting, and regulation of photoluminescence, especially in the field of visualized sensing. Finally, current challenges and potential for future developments in this field are discussed. The purpose of this review is not only to clarify the design principle for artificial CPCs but also to serve as a roadmap for the exploration of next-generation photonic materials.
生物启发胶体光子复合材料：制备与新兴应用 高分子材料科学，2022，34(52)：e2110488。自然界中的生物经过数百万年的进化，形成了独特的结构颜色和刺激响应功能，用于伪装、警告和通信，这对于它们在恶劣环境中的生存至关重要。受这些特性的启发，由胶体光子晶体嵌入聚合物基质的胶体光子复合材料（CPCs）被人工制备，并在应用中显示出巨大的潜力。本文综述了构建模块，即胶体颗粒和聚合物基质，以及从设计具有稳健性能和特定功能 CPCs 的角度出发的构建策略。此外，还讨论了其最先进的应用，包括彩色涂层、防伪和光致发光调控，特别是在可视化传感领域。最后，讨论了该领域的当前挑战和未来发展的潜力。 本综述的目的不仅在于阐明人工 CPCs 的设计原理，而且还作为探索下一代光子材料的路线图。

[342] Structure-Tunable Construction of Colloidal Photonic Composites Via Kinetically Controlled Supramolecular Crosslinking Macromolecules, 2022, 55(18): 8345-8354. Colloidal photonic composites (CPCs) combine a unique array of colloidal particles (CPs) with a polymer matrix and exhibit intriguing optical and mechanical properties strongly depending on their structures. One-step construction of CPCs with tunable structures is crucial for enriching their properties and matching application requirements, which is highly desirable yet challenging. Here, we present a general strategy for CPC construction with tunable structures from short-range to long-range order by one-step kinetically controlling the supramolecular crosslinking between CPs and supramolecular oligomers. Importantly, the assembly process is monitored in situ and the key factors for structural regulation, i.e., the critical volume fraction of CPs and the structural transition from crystal growth to lattice compression, are disclosed, which play critical roles in obtaining CPCs with a wide range of controllable structures. The as-obtained CPCs exhibit structural colors with different angle dependencies, versatile mechanical strengths, and appealing mechanochromic and self-healing capabilities. This work provides insights into the one-step construction of structure-tunable photonic materials, opening up exciting avenues for novel solution-processable photonics.
[342] 通过动力学控制超分子交联大分子实现胶体光子复合材料的结构可调构建，2022，55(18)：8345-8354。胶体光子复合材料（CPCs）结合了独特的胶体粒子（CPs）阵列和聚合物基质，展现出与其结构密切相关且引人入胜的光学和力学性能。通过一步法构建具有可调结构的 CPCs 对于丰富其性能和满足应用需求至关重要，这虽然非常理想但极具挑战性。在此，我们提出了一种从短程到长程有序结构的一步法构建 CPCs 的通用策略，通过动力学控制 CPs 和超分子寡聚物之间的超分子交联。重要的是，组装过程在现场得到监测，并揭示了结构调控的关键因素，即 CPs 的临界体积分数和从晶体生长到晶格压缩的结构转变，这些因素在获得具有广泛可控结构的 CPCs 中起着关键作用。 所获得的 CPCs 表现出不同角度依赖的结构色、多变的机械强度以及吸引人的机械变色和自修复能力。这项工作为结构可调谐光子材料的单步构建提供了见解，为新型溶液工艺光子学开辟了令人兴奋的途径。

[343] 4d Printing of Mxene Hydrogels for High-Efficiency Pseudocapacitive Energy Storage Nature Communications, 2022, 13(1): 6884. 2D material hydrogels have recently sparked tremendous interest owing to their potential in diverse applications. However, research on the emerging 2D MXene hydrogels is still in its infancy. Herein, we show a universal 4D printing technology for manufacturing MXene hydrogels with customizable geometries, which suits a family of MXenes such as Nb2CTx, Ti3C2Tx, and Mo2Ti2C3Tx. The obtained MXene hydrogels offer 3D porous architectures, large specific surface areas, high electrical conductivities, and satisfying mechanical properties. Consequently, ultrahigh capacitance (3.32 F cm(-2) (10 mV s(-1)) and 233 F g(-1) (10 V s(-1))) and mass loading/thickness-independent rate capabilities are achieved. The further 4D-printed Ti3C2Tx hydrogel micro-supercapacitors showcase great low-temperature tolerance (down to -20 degrees C) and deliver high energy and power densities up to 93 mu Wh cm(-2) and 7 mW cm(-2), respectively, surpassing most state-of-the-art devices. This work brings new insights into MXene hydrogel manufacturing and expands the range of their potential applications. 2D MXene hydrogels are promising for diverse applications. Here, the authors report a universal 4D printing technology to manufacture MXene hydrogels with customizable geometry, high conductivity, and efficient pseudocapacitive energy storage ability.
[343] 用于高效伪电容储能的 MXene 水凝胶的 4D 打印技术，自然通讯，2022，13(1)：6884。二维材料水凝胶最近因其多样化的应用潜力而引起了极大的兴趣。然而，对新兴的二维 MXene 水凝胶的研究仍处于起步阶段。在此，我们展示了一种通用的 4D 打印技术，用于制造具有可定制几何形状的 MXene 水凝胶，适用于 Nb2CTx、Ti3C2Tx 和 Mo2Ti2C3Tx 等 MXene 系列。获得的 MXene 水凝胶具有三维多孔结构、大比表面积、高电导率和令人满意的机械性能。因此，实现了超高电容（3.32 F cm(-2) (10 mV s(-1))和 233 F g(-1) (10 V s(-1)))以及质量负载/厚度无关的速率能力。进一步 4D 打印的 Ti3C2Tx 水凝胶微超级电容器展示了优异的低温耐受性（低至-20 摄氏度），并分别提供高达 93 mu Wh cm(-2)和 7 mW cm(-2)的能量和功率密度，超过了大多数最先进的设备。 这项工作为 MXene 水凝胶的制造带来了新的见解，并扩展了其潜在应用范围。二维 MXene 水凝胶在多种应用中具有前景。在此，作者们报告了一种通用的 4D 打印技术，用于制造具有可定制几何形状、高导电性和高效赝电容储能能力的 MXene 水凝胶。

[344] Oriented/Dual-Gradient in Structure and Mechanics Chitosan Hydrogel Bio-Films Based on Stretching for Guiding Cell Orientation Composites Part B-Engineering, 2022, 232. Various anisotropic scaffolds have been fabricated to significantly assist cell alignment or orientation to mimic the natural oriented tissues. To pursuit facile preparation and further exploration, the oriented hydrogel film was manufactured here through stretching-drying method by using high tensile strength chitosan hydrogel film, which could be effectively prepared after at least 3 h drying for 65% strain or 4 h drying for 35% strain. Furthermore, the chitosan hydrogel film with gradient nanofibrous structure and mechanical property was prepared via stretching-inclining-drying way which was newly proposed on the base of stretching-drying method. The gradient hydrogel film not only achieved random-to-aligned hierarchical nanofibrous structure, but also engendered obvious gradient mechanical performance, presenting the variable tensile modulus with a range from about 1 to 22 MPa after 8 h drying. This kind of random-to-aligned gradient structure can even adjust cell directions from random to orientation. Chitosan gradient hydrogel film shows a great promise in inducing cell migration, orientation and differentiation, especially as a powerful bio-scaffold for interface tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
[344] 基于拉伸引导细胞取向的壳聚糖水凝胶生物膜的结构与力学/双梯度复合材料 Part B-工程，2022，232。已经制造了各种各向异性支架，以显著帮助细胞对齐或取向，以模仿天然定向组织。为了追求简便的制备和进一步探索，本研究通过拉伸-干燥方法使用高拉伸强度壳聚糖水凝胶薄膜制备了定向水凝胶薄膜，经过至少 3 小时干燥至 65%应变或 4 小时干燥至 35%应变后可以有效地制备。此外，通过拉伸-倾斜-干燥方法制备了具有梯度纳米纤维结构和力学性能的壳聚糖水凝胶薄膜，该方法是在拉伸-干燥方法的基础上新提出的。这种梯度水凝胶薄膜不仅实现了从随机到定向的分级纳米纤维结构，而且还产生了明显的梯度力学性能，在 8 小时干燥后呈现出从约 1 到 22 MPa 的可变拉伸模量。这种从随机到定向的梯度结构甚至可以调整细胞方向从随机到定向。 壳聚糖梯度水凝胶薄膜在诱导细胞迁移、定向和分化方面展现出巨大潜力，尤其是在作为界面组织工程和再生医学的强大生物支架方面。

[345] Hofmeister Effect Mediated Strong Phema-Gelatin Hydrogel Actuator ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2022, 14(20): 23826-23838. Hydrogels have become popular in biomedical applications, but their applications in muscle and tendon-like bioactuators have been hindered by low toughness and elastic modulus. Recently, a significant toughness enhancement of a single hydrogel network has been successfully achieved by the Hofmeister effect. However, little has been conducted for the Hofmeister effect on the hybrid hydrogels, although they have a special network structure consisting of two types of polymer components. Herein we fabricated hybrid poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA)-gelatin hydrogels with high mechanical performance and stimuli response. An ideal bicontinuous phase separation structure of the PHEMA (rigid) and gelatin (ductile) was observed with embedded microdisc-like gelatin in the three-dimensional polymeric network of PHEMA. A significant enhancement of mechanical performance by the Hofmeister effect was attributed to the salting-out-induced stronger and closer interphase interaction between PHEMA and gelatin. A superior comprehensive mechanical performance with fracture elongation over 650%, tensile strength of 5.2 MPa, toughness of 13.5 MJ/m(3), and modulus of 45.6 MPa was achieved with the salting-out effect. More specifically, the synergy of phase separation and Hofmeister effect enable the hydrogel to contract with an enhanced modulus in high-concentration salt solutions, while the same hydrogel swells and relaxes in dilute solutions, exhibiting an ionic stimulus response and excellent shape-memory properties like those of most artificial muscle. This is manifested in highly stretched, twisted, and knotted hydrogel strips that can rapidly recover their original shape in a dilute salt solution. The high strength and modulus, ionic stimuli response, and shape memory property make the hybrid hydrogel a promising material for bioactuators in various biomedical applications.
[345] 霍夫迈斯特效应介导的强聚（2-羟基乙基）甲基丙烯酸酯-明胶水凝胶驱动器 ACS 应用材料与界面，2022，14(20)：23826-23838。水凝胶在生物医学应用中变得流行，但它们在肌肉和肌腱状生物驱动器中的应用受到低韧性和弹性模量的阻碍。最近，通过霍夫迈斯特效应成功实现了单个水凝胶网络的显著韧性增强。然而，对于混合水凝胶的霍夫迈斯特效应的研究却很少，尽管它们具有由两种聚合物组分组成的特殊网络结构。在此，我们制备了具有高机械性能和刺激响应的混合聚（2-羟基乙基）甲基丙烯酸酯（PHEMA）-明胶水凝胶。观察到 PHEMA（刚性）和明胶（延展性）的理想双连续相分离结构，其中嵌入微圆盘状明胶在 PHEMA 三维聚合物网络中。机械性能的显著增强归因于盐析引起的 PHEMA 和明胶之间更强的、更接近的界面相互作用。 具有超过 650%的断裂伸长率、5.2 MPa 的抗拉强度、13.5 MJ/m(3)的韧性和 45.6 MPa 的模量的优异综合机械性能是通过盐析效应实现的。更具体地说，相分离和霍夫迈斯特效应的协同作用使得水凝胶在高浓度盐溶液中具有增强的模量而收缩，而在稀释溶液中，同样的水凝胶则会膨胀和松弛，表现出离子刺激响应和类似于大多数人工肌肉的优秀形状记忆性能。这体现在高度拉伸、扭曲和打结的水凝胶条带中，它们可以在稀释盐溶液中迅速恢复原状。高强度和模量、离子刺激响应和形状记忆性能使这种混合水凝胶成为各种生物医学应用中生物驱动器的有希望的材料。

[346] Optical Accelerometers for Detecting Low-Frequency Micro-Vibrations Applied Sciences-Basel, 2022, 12(8). Optical accelerometers are high-precision inertial sensors that use optical measurement technology to achieve high-precision and electromagnetic interference-resistant acceleration measurements. With the intensive research and development of optical accelerometers in recent years, their applications in inertial navigation, structural health monitoring, precision vibration isolation systems, wind turbine fault monitoring, earthquake monitoring, and other low-frequency vibration detection have flourished. Optical accelerometers have various schemes; however, their characteristics vary considerably due to different optical modulation schemes. This study aims to address the lack of systematic evaluation of currently available low-frequency optical accelerometers. Optical accelerometers can be classified into four categories in accordance with their optical modulation schemes: optical path-, optical intensity-, optical phase-, and optical wave-length-modulated accelerometers. The typical performance, advantages and disadvantages, and possible application scenarios of various optical accelerometers are summarized. This study also presents the current status and trends of low-frequency optical accelerometers in consideration of the growing demand for high-precision, low-frequency acceleration measurements.
[346] 用于检测低频微振动的光学加速度计——应用科学（巴塞尔），2022，12(8)。光学加速度计是高精度惯性传感器，利用光学测量技术实现高精度和电磁干扰抗性加速度测量。近年来，随着光学加速度计的深入研究与发展，其在惯性导航、结构健康监测、精密振动隔离系统、风力涡轮机故障监测、地震监测以及其他低频振动检测等领域的应用得到了迅速发展。光学加速度计有多种方案，但由于不同的光学调制方案，其特性差异很大。本研究旨在解决目前可用的低频光学加速度计缺乏系统评估的问题。根据其光学调制方案，光学加速度计可以分为四类：光路调制、光强调制、光相调制和光波长调制加速度计。 各种光学加速度计的典型性能、优缺点以及可能的适用场景得到总结。本研究还考虑了高精度、低频加速度测量的需求不断增长，对低频光学加速度计的现状和趋势进行了阐述。

[347] Overcharge Induced Thermal Runaway Behaviors of Pouch-Type Lithium-Ion Batteries with Lfp and Ncm Cathodes： the Differences and Reasons Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1419-1427.
[347] 针对 Lfp 和 Ncm 正极的软包型锂离子电池过充引起的热失控行为：差异及原因，《储能科学与技术》，2022，11(5)：1419-1427。

[348] Temporal Stimulus Patterns Drive Differentiation of a Synthetic Dipeptide-Based Coacervate Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2022, 144(33): 15155-15164. The fate of living cells often depends on their processing of temporally modulated information, such as the frequency and duration of various signals. Synthetic stimulus -responsive systems have been intensely studied for > 50 years, but it is still challenging for chemists to create artificial systems that can decode dynamically oscillating stimuli and alter the systems' properties/functions because of the lack of sophisticated reaction networks that are comparable with biological signal transduction. Here, we report morphological differentiation of synthetic dipeptide-based coacervates in response to temporally distinct patterns of the light pulse. We designed a simple cationic diphenylalanine peptide derivative to enable the formation of coacervates. The coacervates concentrated an anionic methacrylate monomer and a photoinitiator, which provided a unique reaction environment and facilitated light-triggered radical polymerization -even in air. Pulsed light irradiation at 9.0 Hz (but not at 0.5 Hz) afforded anionic polymers. This dependence on the light pulse patterns is attributable to the competition of reactive radical intermediates between the methacrylate monomer and molecular oxygen. The temporal pulse pattern-dependent polymer formation enabled the coacervates to differentiate in terms of morphology and internal viscosity, with an ultrasensitive switch-like mode. Our achievements will facilitate the rational design of smart supramolecular soft materials and are insightful regarding the synthesis of sophisticated chemical cells.
[348] 时间刺激模式驱动基于合成二肽的凝聚体分化《美国化学学会杂志》，2022，144(33)：15155-15164。活细胞的命运往往取决于它们处理时间调制信息的能力，如各种信号的频率和持续时间。合成刺激响应系统已被深入研究超过 50 年，但由于缺乏与生物信号转导相当复杂的反应网络，化学家们仍然难以创建能够解码动态振荡刺激并改变系统性质/功能的系统。在这里，我们报道了基于合成二肽的凝聚体在响应光脉冲不同时间模式下的形态分化。我们设计了一种简单的阳离子二苯基丙氨酸肽衍生物，以实现凝聚体的形成。凝聚体浓缩了阴离子甲基丙烯酸酯单体和光引发剂，这提供了一个独特的反应环境，并促进了光触发的自由基聚合——即使在空气中。 脉冲光照射频率为 9.0 Hz（但不是 0.5 Hz）可得到阴离子聚合物。这种对光脉冲模式的依赖性归因于甲基丙烯酸酯单体与分子氧之间反应性自由基中间体的竞争。时间脉冲模式依赖的聚合物形成使得共凝聚物在形态和内部粘度方面得以区分，并表现出超灵敏的开关模式。我们的成就将促进智能超分子软材料的理性设计，并对复杂化学电池的合成有启示作用。

[349] Tunable Metasurfaces Via the Humidity Responsive Swelling of Single-Step Imprinted Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanostructures Nature Communications, 2022, 13(1): 6256. The application of hydrogels in nanophotonics has been restricted due to their low fabrication feasibility and refractive index. Nevertheless, their elasticity and strength are attractive properties for use in flexible, wearable-devices, and their swelling characteristics in response to the relative humidity highlight their potential for use in tunable nanophotonics. We investigate the use of nanostructured polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) using a one-step nanoimprinting technique for tunable and erasable optical security metasurfaces with multiplexed structural coloration and metaholography. The resolution of the PVA nanoimprinting reaches sub-100 nm, with aspect ratios approaching 10. In response to changes in the relative humidity, the PVA nanostructures swell by up to ~35.5%, providing precise wavefront manipulation of visible light. Here, we demonstrate various highly-secure multiplexed optical encryption metasurfaces to display, hide, or destroy encrypted information based on the relative humidity both irreversibly and reversibly.
通过单步纳米压印聚乙烯醇（PVA）纳米结构的湿度响应性膨胀实现可调谐超表面，自然通讯，2022，13（1）：6256。由于水凝胶的低制造可行性和折射率，其在纳米光子学中的应用受到了限制。尽管如此，它们的弹性和强度是用于柔性、可穿戴设备的吸引人特性，它们对相对湿度的膨胀特性突出了其在可调谐纳米光子学中应用的潜力。我们研究了使用一步纳米压印技术利用纳米结构聚乙烯醇（PVA）来实现具有复用结构色和全息术的光学安全超表面，该超表面的 PVA 纳米压印分辨率达到亚 100 纳米，纵横比接近 10。在相对湿度变化时，PVA 纳米结构膨胀高达~35.5%，提供对可见光的精确波前操控。 这里，我们展示了各种高度安全的复用光加密超表面，基于相对湿度，可不可逆地显示、隐藏或销毁加密信息。

[350] Polyacrylamide Hydrogels. V. Some Strands in a Polymer Network Bear Loads, but All Strands Contribute to Swelling Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2022, 168. When a polymer network is stretched, some polymer strands do not bear loads. Examples include looped strands, dangling strands, and extremely long strands. When the polymer network is submerged in a solvent, however, all strands mix with solvent molecules. This distinction between strands that bear loads and strands that do not leads us to modify the Flory-Rehner model. The modified model has three parameters: the density of load-bearing strands, N, the density of all strands, M, and the interaction parameter, x. For a polymer network submerged in a reservoir of solvent and bearing triaxial stresses, the modified model provides equations of state, relating the stresses to stretches, as well as the chemical potential of solvent molecules and temperature in the reservoir. We synthesize polyacrylamide hydrogels using precursors of various concentrations of monomer, crosslinker, and transfer agent. We determine the three parameters N, M, and x by fitting the modified model to several experiments, including free swelling, fast tension, and stress relaxation. In all samples tested, M is several times N, whereas x is nearly constant. This work demonstrates the consequences of the notion that some polymer strands in a polymer network bear loads, but all strands contribute to swelling.
聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶。V.聚合物网络中的一些链承受载荷，但所有链都参与膨胀《固体力学与物理学报》，2022，168。当聚合物网络被拉伸时，一些聚合物链不承受载荷。例如，环状链、悬链和极长链。然而，当聚合物网络浸入溶剂中时，所有链都与溶剂分子混合。这种承受载荷的链和不承受载荷的链之间的区别使我们修改了 Flory-Rehner 模型。修改后的模型有三个参数：承载载荷的链密度 N，所有链密度 M 和相互作用参数 x。对于浸入溶剂储备并承受三轴应力的聚合物网络，修改后的模型提供了状态方程，将应力与拉伸联系起来，以及储备中的溶剂分子化学势和温度。我们使用单体、交联剂和转移剂的各种浓度的前体合成聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶。 我们通过将改进的模型拟合到包括自由膨胀、快速拉伸和应力松弛在内的几个实验中，确定了三个参数 N、M 和 x。在所有测试的样品中，M 是 N 的几倍，而 x 几乎保持不变。这项工作展示了某些聚合物网络中的聚合物链承受负载，但所有链都对膨胀做出贡献这一概念的影响。

[351] Antifreezing Hydrogel Electrolyte with Ternary Hydrogen Bonding for High-Performance Zinc-Ion Batteries Advanced Materials, 2022, 34(14): e2110140. The new-generation flexible aqueous zinc-ion batteries require enhanced mechanical properties and ionic conductivities at low temperature for practical applications. This fundamentally means that it is desired that the hydrogel electrolyte possesses antifreezing merits to resist flexibility loss and performance decrease at subzero temperatures. Herein, a highly flexible polysaccharide hydrogel is realized in situ and is regulated in zinc-ion batteries through the Hofmeister effect with low-concentration Zn(ClO4)(2) salts to satisfy the abovementioned requirements. The chaotropic ClO4- anions, water, and polymer chains can form ternary and weak hydrogen bonding (HB), which enables the polymer chains to have improved mechanical properties, breaks the HB of water to remarkably decrease the electrolyte freezing point, and reduces the amounts of free water for effective side reactions and dendrite inhibition. Consequently, even at -30 degrees C, the Zn(ClO4)(2) in situ optimized hydrogel electrolyte features a high ionic conductivity of 7.8 mS cm(-1) and excellent flexibility, which enables a Zn/polyaniline (PANI) battery with a reversible capacity of 70 mA h g(-1) under 5 A g(-1) for 2500 cycles, and renderd the flexible full battery with excellent cycling performances under different bending angles. This work provides a new pathway for designing high-performance antifreezing flexible batteries via the Hofmeister effect.
[351] 具有三元氢键的防冻水凝胶电解质，用于高性能锌离子电池，先进材料，2022，34(14)：e2110140。新一代柔性水系锌离子电池在实际应用中需要增强低温下的机械性能和离子电导率。这从根本上意味着希望水凝胶电解质具有防冻特性，以抵抗在零下温度下的柔性和性能损失。在此，通过 Hofmeister 效应和低浓度 Zn(ClO4)(2)盐在锌离子电池中实现了高度柔性的多糖水凝胶，以满足上述要求。杂乱无章的 ClO4-阴离子、水和聚合物链可以形成三元和弱氢键（HB），这使聚合物链具有改进的机械性能，打破水的 HB，显著降低电解质的凝固点，并减少自由水的数量，以有效进行副反应和枝晶抑制。 因此，即使在-30 摄氏度下，Zn(ClO4)(2)原位优化的水凝胶电解质也具有高达 7.8 mS cm(-1)的离子电导率和优异的柔韧性，这使得锌/聚苯胺（PANI）电池在 5 A g(-1)的电流密度下，经过 2500 次循环后，仍具有 70 mA h g(-1)的可逆容量，并在不同弯曲角度下表现出优异的循环性能。这项工作为通过霍夫迈斯特效应设计高性能防冻柔性电池提供了一条新的途径。

[352] Extremely Sensitive Mechanochromic Photonic Crystals with Broad Tuning Range of Photonic Bandgap and Fast Responsive Speed for High-Resolution Multicolor Display Applications Chemical Engineering Journal, 2022, 429: 132342-132357.
[352] 具有宽调谐范围的光子带隙和快速响应速度的超灵敏机械色散光子晶体，适用于高分辨率多色显示应用 化学工程学报，2022，429: 132342-132357。

[353] Chameleon-Inspired Brilliant and Sensitive Mechano-Chromic Photonic Skins for Self-Reporting the Strains of Earthworms ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2022, 14(9): 11672-11680. The skins of chameleons have attracted growing interest because they have sensitive mechano-chromic properties and bright colors due to the large surface-to-surface distances (Ds-s) between neighboring particles and contrast of the refractive index (Delta n), respectively. Inspired by these, artificial mechano-chromic photonic skins (MPSs) mimicking those of chameleons were fabricated by the large Delta n and Ds-s. The fabrication is considerably simple and efficient based on the self-assembly strategy using commercial chemicals and materials. The reflectance of MPSs depends on the value of Delta n, which can be greatly increased to 70% with a Delta n of 0.035, leading to their brilliant colors. Because of the large Ds-s, the MPSs possess outstanding mechano-chromic performances, including a large maximal (Delta lambda = 205 nm) and effective (Delta lambda e = 184 nm) tuning range of the reflection wavelength, high sensitivity (368), fast responsiveness (2.2 nm/ms), good stabilities (>1 year), and reversibility (>100 times). Based on these advantages, MPSs have been used for self-reporting the strain of earthworms by outputting diverse colors during the peristaltic process, indicating the great potential of the MPSs as visual sensors and optical coatings.
基于变色龙灵感的明亮和敏感的机械色光子皮肤，用于自报告蚯蚓的应变，ACS 应用材料与界面，2022，14（9）：11672-11680。变色龙的皮肤因其相邻粒子之间的大表面到表面距离（Ds-s）和折射率对比（Delta n）而产生的敏感机械色变特性和鲜艳的颜色而越来越受到关注。受此启发，通过大 Delta n 和 Ds-s 制造了模仿变色龙的人工机械色光子皮肤（MPSs）。该制造过程基于使用商业化学品和材料的自组装策略，相当简单且高效。MPSs 的反射率取决于 Delta n 的值，该值可以大大增加到 70%，当 Delta n 为 0.035 时，导致其鲜艳的颜色。 由于大的 Ds-s，MPSs 具有卓越的机光电性能，包括大的最大（Delta lambda = 205 nm）和有效（Delta lambda e = 184 nm）的反射波长调谐范围，高灵敏度（368），快速响应（2.2 nm/ms），良好的稳定性（>1 年），以及可逆性（>100 次）。基于这些优势，MPSs 已被用于在蚯蚓的逆蠕动过程中通过输出不同颜色来自动报告蚯蚓的应变，显示出 MPSs 作为视觉传感器和光学涂层的巨大潜力。

[354] Precise Assembly of Highly Crystalline Colloidal Photonic Crystals inside the Polyester Yarns: A Spray Coating Synthesis for Breathable and Durable Fabrics with Saturated Structural Colors Advanced Functional Materials, 2022, 32(24): 2200330-2200338. It is a great challenge to prepare highly crystalline photonic crystal (PC)-modified fabrics with saturated colors without sacrificing the wearing experience, such as breathability and softness, at the same time. Here, a spray coating process is developed to precisely assemble the colloidal PCs inside every yarn of the polyester (PET) fabric. High surface tension and high boiling point for the solvent of colloidal solution, as well as low twist angle, large weave cycles, and large tightness for the fabric substrate, are found to be favorable to the formation of high-quality PC-modified fabrics. In addition, the as-prepared PC/PET fabrics have saturated and durable colors thanks to the highly crystalline PC structures and the polyacrylate adhesives. They also possess good softness and high breathability as the precise colloidal assembly in the yarn avoids the blocking of weaving holes and cracks.
[354] 在聚酯纱线内精确组装高度结晶的胶体光子晶体：一种用于具有饱和结构色彩的透气和耐用布料的喷雾涂层合成方法 高级功能材料，2022，32(24)：2200330-2200338。在不牺牲穿着体验（如透气性和柔软性）的同时，制备具有饱和颜色的、高度结晶光子晶体（PC）改性织物是一项巨大挑战。在这里，开发了一种喷雾涂层工艺，以精确组装聚酯（PET）织物中的胶体光子晶体。胶体溶液溶剂的高表面张力和高沸点，以及织物基材的低扭曲角、大编织周期和大紧密度，被发现有利于高质量 PC 改性织物的形成。此外，所制备的 PC/PET 织物由于高度结晶的 PC 结构和聚丙烯酸酯粘合剂而具有饱和和耐久的颜色。由于纱线中的精确胶体组装避免了编织孔和裂缝的堵塞，它们还具有良好的柔软性和高透气性。

[355] Polyacrylamide Hydrogels. Iv. Near-Perfect Elasticity and Rate-Dependent Toughness Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2022, 158: 104675-104682.
聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶。IV.近乎完美的弹性和速率依赖性韧性《固体力学与物理杂志》，2022，158：104675-104682。

[356] Versatile Mechanochromic Sensor Based on Highly Stretchable Chiral Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Small, 2022, 19(7): e2206299. A mechanochromic strain sensor that is capable of distinguishing the orientation, the location, and the degree of deformation based on the highly stretchable membrane of main-chain chiral liquid crystalline elastomer (MCLCE) is proposed. The MCLCE film is designed to exhibit uniform and significant color shift upon the small strain by using step-growth polymerization of liquid crystal (LC) oligomer and its phase-stabilization in solvent mesogen. As conformally placed on the bottom elastomer sheet, the MCLCE film shows multimodal, instantaneous color change for sensing arbitrary in-plane deformation, out-of-plane bending, and nonzero Gaussian deformation. Based on high freedom in the device design, it is also demonstrated that this sensor can display color patterns or encrypted images in response to the localized weight or strain. The simple and straightforward concept proposed here can be applicable in the fields of wearable devices, displays, and soft robotics.
[356] 基于高伸长手性液晶弹性体的多功能机械色变传感器 Small，2022，19(7)：e2206299。提出了一种机械色变应变传感器，该传感器能够根据主链手性液晶弹性体（MCLCE）的高伸长膜区分变形的方向、位置和程度。MCLCE 薄膜通过液晶（LC）寡聚物的逐步增长聚合及其在溶剂介晶中的相稳定化设计，以在小应变下表现出均匀且明显的颜色变化。当 MCLCE 薄膜均匀地放置在底部弹性片上时，它显示出对任意平面变形、非平面弯曲和非零高斯变形的多模态、瞬时颜色变化。基于设备设计的高度自由度，还证明了该传感器可以根据局部重量或应变显示颜色图案或加密图像。这里提出的简单直接的概念可应用于可穿戴设备、显示器和软体机器人领域。

[357] Materials with Tunable Optical Properties for Wearable Epidermal Sensing in Health Monitoring Advanced Materials, 2022, 34(26): 2109055-2109091. Advances in wearable epidermal sensors have revolutionized the way that physiological signals are captured and measured for health monitoring. One major challenge is to convert physiological signals to easily readable signals in a convenient way. One possibility for wearable epidermal sensors is based on visible readouts. There are a range of materials whose optical properties can be tuned by parameters such as temperature, pH, light, and electric fields. Herein, this review covers and highlights a set of materials with tunable optical properties and their integration into wearable epidermal sensors for health monitoring. Specifically, the recent progress, fabrication, and applications of these materials for wearable epidermal sensors are summarized and discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for the next generation wearable devices are proposed.
具有可调光学特性的材料用于健康监测中的可穿戴表皮传感 Advanced Materials，2022，34（26）：2109055-2109091。可穿戴表皮传感器的进展彻底改变了生理信号的捕捉和测量方式。一个主要挑战是以方便的方式将生理信号转换为易于阅读的信号。可穿戴表皮传感器的一种可能性基于可见读数。存在一系列材料，其光学特性可以通过温度、pH 值、光和电场等参数进行调节。本文综述并突出了具有可调光学特性的材料及其在健康监测中集成到可穿戴表皮传感器中的应用。具体而言，总结了这些材料在可穿戴表皮传感器中的最新进展、制造和应用，并进行了讨论。最后，提出了下一代可穿戴设备的挑战和前景。

[358] Chemicals in European Residences-Part I: A Review of Emissions, Concentrations and Health Effects of Volatile Organic Compounds (Vocs). Environnement Risques & Sante, 2022, 21(6): 457-457. One of the more important classes of potentially toxic indoor air chemicals are the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). However, due to a limited understanding of the relationships between indoor concentrations of individual VOCs and health outcomes, there are currently no universal health-based guideline values for VOCs within Europe including the UK. In this study, a systematic search was conducted designed to capture evidence on concentrations, emissions from indoor sources, and health effects for VOCs measured in European residences. We identified 65 individual VOCs, and the most commonly measured were aromatic hydrocarbons (14 chemicals), alkane hydrocarbons (9), aldehydes (8), aliphatic hydrocarbons (5), terpenes (6), chlorinated hydrocarbons (4), glycol and glycol ethers (3) and esters (2). The pathway of interest was inhalation and 8 individual aromatic hydrocarbons, 7 alkanes and 6 aldehydes were associated with respiratory health effects. Members of the chlorinated hydrocarbon family were associated with cardiovascular neurological and carcinogenic health effects and some were irritants as were esters and terpenes. Eight individual aromatic hydrocarbons, 7 alkanes and 6 aldehydes identified in European residences were associated with respiratory health effects. Of the 65 individual VOCs, 52 were from sources associated with building and construction materials (e.g. brick, wood products, adhesives and materials for flooring installation etc.), 41 were linked with consumer products (passive, electric and combustible air fresheners, hair sprays, deodorants) and 9 VOCs were associated with space heating, which may reflect the relatively small number of studies discussing emissions from this category of sources. A clear decrease in concentrations of formaldehyde was observed over the last few years, whilst acetone was found to be one of the most abundant but underreported species. A new approach based on the operational indoor air quality surveillance will both reveal trends in known VOCs and identify new compounds.
[358] 欧洲住宅中的化学品——第一部分：挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的排放、浓度和健康效应综述。环境风险与健康，2022，21(6)：457-457。潜在有毒室内空气化学品中较为重要的一类是挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）。然而，由于对单个 VOCs 室内浓度与健康结果之间关系的理解有限，目前欧洲（包括英国）内尚无针对 VOCs 的普遍基于健康的指导值。在本研究中，进行了一次旨在收集关于 VOCs 在住宅中浓度、室内来源排放和健康效应的证据的系统搜索。我们确定了 65 种单个 VOCs，其中最常见的测量值为芳香烃（14 种化学品）、烷烃（9 种）、醛（8 种）、脂肪族烃（5 种）、萜烯（6 种）、氯化烃（4 种）、甘油和甘油醚（3 种）和酯（2 种）。关注的途径是吸入，8 种单个芳香烃、7 种烷烃和 6 种醛与呼吸健康效应相关。 氯代烃家族成员与心血管神经系统、致癌健康效应相关，其中一些具有刺激性，酯和萜类化合物也是如此。在欧洲住宅中鉴定出的 8 种单个芳香烃、7 种烷烃和 6 种醛与呼吸健康效应相关。在 65 种单个挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）中，52 种来自与建筑和建筑材料（例如砖、木制品、粘合剂和地板安装材料等）相关的来源，41 种与消费品（被动、电动和可燃空气清新剂、发胶、除臭剂）相关，9 种 VOCs 与空间供暖相关，这可能反映了讨论此类来源排放的研究相对较少。在最近几年观察到甲醛浓度明显下降，而丙酮被发现是最丰富但报道不足的一种物质。基于操作室内空气质量监测的新方法将既揭示已知 VOCs 的趋势，又识别新化合物。

[359] Research Progress of Energy Storage Technology in China in 2021 Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(3): 1052-1076.
2021 年中国储能技术的研究进展，《储能科学与技术》，2022，11(3): 1052-1076。

[360] Jellyfish Tentacle-Inspired Hydrogel Microfibers Implanted with Discrete Structural Color Microsphere Tactile Sensing Units Advanced Fiber Materials, 2022, 4(5): 1209-1218. Tactile sensors with distinctive ability to imitate skins have attracted considerable attention from researches for applications in a variety of sensing fields. Here, inspired by the tentacles of jellyfish, biomimetic hydrogel microfibers were fabricated to be implanted with discrete structural color microsphere units for spatial tactile sensing. By employing a microfluidic spinning technology, the generated microfibers were with high microsphere encapsulation features and controllable morphologies because of the density match of microspheres and the pre-hydrogel solution. In addition, benefitting from the easy manipulation of the microfluidics, microfibers implanted with different structural color microspheres could also be realized. It was demonstrated that the resultant microfibers would show synchronous shifts of photonic bandgaps as well as structural color when a local force like pressure or tension was applied to the microsphere part. Based on the localization of finger bending experiments, the practical values of the bioinspired microfibers have also been proved as spatial tactile sensors. Thus, it is believed that the proposed bioinspired hydrogel microfibers are greatly significant in diverse sensing application fields. [GRAPHICS] .
[360] 海绵触手启发型水凝胶微纤维植入离散结构色微球触觉传感单元，先进纤维材料，2022，4(5)：1209-1218。具有独特模仿皮肤能力的触觉传感器已引起研究人员在多种传感领域的广泛关注。在这里，受海绵触手的启发，制造了仿生水凝胶微纤维，并植入离散结构色微球单元以实现空间触觉传感。通过采用微流控纺丝技术，由于微球与预水凝胶溶液的密度匹配，生成的微纤维具有高微球封装特性和可控形态。此外，得益于微流控的易于操控，还实现了植入不同结构色微球的微纤维。研究表明，当对微球部分施加局部力（如压力或张力）时，所得微纤维将显示出光子带隙以及结构色的同步变化。 基于手指弯曲实验的本地化，生物启发微纤维的实用价值也被证明是空间触觉传感器。因此，认为所提出的生物启发水凝胶微纤维在多种传感应用领域具有极大的重要性。[图形]

[361] Jellyfish Tentacle-Inspired Hydrogel Microfibers Implanted with Discrete Structural Color Microsphere Tactile Sensing Units Advanced Fiber Materials, 2022, 4(5): 1209-1218. Tactile sensors with distinctive ability to imitate skins have attracted considerable attention from researches for applications in a variety of sensing fields. Here, inspired by the tentacles of jellyfish, biomimetic hydrogel microfibers were fabricated to be implanted with discrete structural color microsphere units for spatial tactile sensing. By employing a microfluidic spinning technology, the generated microfibers were with high microsphere encapsulation features and controllable morphologies because of the density match of microspheres and the pre-hydrogel solution. In addition, benefitting from the easy manipulation of the microfluidics, microfibers implanted with different structural color microspheres could also be realized. It was demonstrated that the resultant microfibers would show synchronous shifts of photonic bandgaps as well as structural color when a local force like pressure or tension was applied to the microsphere part. Based on the localization of finger bending experiments, the practical values of the bioinspired microfibers have also been proved as spatial tactile sensors. Thus, it is believed that the proposed bioinspired hydrogel microfibers are greatly significant in diverse sensing application fields. [GRAPHICS] .
[361] 海绵触手启发型水凝胶微纤维植入离散结构色微球触觉传感单元，先进纤维材料，2022，4(5)：1209-1218。具有独特模仿皮肤能力的触觉传感器吸引了研究人员在多种传感领域的广泛关注。在这里，受海绵触手的启发，制造了仿生水凝胶微纤维，并植入离散结构色微球单元以实现空间触觉传感。通过采用微流控纺丝技术，由于微球与预水凝胶溶液的密度匹配，生成的微纤维具有高微球封装特性和可控形态。此外，得益于微流控的易于操控，还实现了植入不同结构色微球的微纤维。研究表明，当对微球部分施加局部力（如压力或张力）时，所得微纤维将显示出光子带隙以及结构色的同步变化。 基于手指弯曲实验的本地化，生物启发微纤维的实用价值也被证明是空间触觉传感器。因此，认为所提出的生物启发水凝胶微纤维在多种传感应用领域具有极大的重要性。[图形]

[362] Understanding Specific Ion Effects and the Hofmeister Series Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2022, 24(21): 12682-12718. Specific ion effects (SIE), encompassing the Hofmeister Series, have been known for more than 130 years since Hofmeister and Lewith's foundational work. SIEs are ubiquitous and are observed across the medical, biological, chemical and industrial sciences. Nevertheless, no general predictive theory has yet been able to explain ion specificity across these fields; it remains impossible to predict when, how, and to what magnitude, a SIE will be observed. In part, this is due to the complexity of real systems in which ions, counterions, solvents and cosolutes all play varying roles, which give rise to anomalies and reversals in anticipated SIEs. Herein we review the historical explanations for SIE in water and the key ion properties that have been attributed to them. Systems where the Hofmeister series is perturbed or reversed are explored, as is the behaviour of ions at the liquid-vapour interface. We discuss SIEs in mixed electrolytes, nonaqueous solvents, and in highly concentrated electrolyte solutions - exciting frontiers in this field with particular relevance to biological and electrochemical applications. We conclude the perspective by summarising the challenges and opportunities facing this SIE research that highlight potential pathways towards a general predictive theory of SIE.
[362] 理解特定离子效应和霍夫迈斯特系列 物理化学 化学物理，2022，24(21)：12682-12718。特定离子效应（SIE），包括霍夫迈斯特系列，自霍夫迈斯特和莱维思的基础性工作以来已有 130 多年的历史。SIEs 普遍存在，在医学、生物学、化学和工业科学中均有观察。然而，至今尚无一般预测理论能够解释这些领域中的离子特异性；预测 SIE 何时、如何以及达到何种程度仍然是不可能的。部分原因在于真实系统中离子、反离子、溶剂和共溶剂都扮演着不同的角色，这导致了预期 SIE 中的异常和逆转。在此，我们回顾了水中的 SIE 历史解释以及归因于它们的关键离子性质。探讨了霍夫迈斯特系列被扰动或逆转的系统，以及离子在液-气界面上的行为。 我们讨论了在混合电解质、非水溶剂和高度浓缩电解质溶液中的 SIEs——这一领域的激动人心的前沿，尤其与生物和电化学应用相关。我们通过总结 SIE 研究面临的挑战和机遇来结束这一观点，突出了通向 SIE 的一般预测理论的潜在途径。

[363] Highly Tough, Stretchable, and Solvent-Resistant Cellulose Nanocrystal Photonic Films for Mechanochromism and Actuator Properties Small, 2022, 18(12): e2107105. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs)-derived photonic materials have confirmed great potential in producing renewable optical and engineering areas. However, it remains challenging to simultaneously possess toughness, strength, and multiple responses for developing high-performance sensors, intelligent coatings, flexible textiles, and multifunctional devices. Herein, the authors report a facile and robust strategy that poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) can be converged into the chiral nematic structure of CNCs by ultraviolet-triggered free radical polymerization in an N,N-dimethylformamide solvent system. The resulting CNC-poly(PEGDMA) composite exhibits impressive strength (42 MPa), stretchability (104%), toughness (31 MJ m(-3)), and solvent resistance. Notably, it preserves vivid optical iridescence, displaying stretchable variation from red, yellow, to green responding to the applied mechanical stimuli. More interestingly, upon exposure to spraying moisture, it executes sensitive actuation (4.6 degrees s(-1)) and multiple complex 3D deformation behaviors, accompanied by synergistic iridescent appearances. Due to its structural anisotropy of CNC with typical left-handedness, the actuation shows the capability to generate a high probability (63%) of right-handed helical shapes, mimicking a coiled tendril. The authors envision that this versatile system with sustainability, robustness, mechanochromism, and specific actuating ability will open a sustainable avenue in mechanical sensors, stretchable optics, intelligent actuators, and soft robots.
[363] 高强度、可拉伸、耐溶剂的纤维素纳米晶体光子薄膜用于机械变色和驱动特性 小型，2022，18(12)：e2107105。由纤维素纳米晶体（CNCs）衍生的光子材料在产生可再生光学和工程领域具有巨大潜力。然而，同时具备强度、韧性和多种响应，以开发高性能传感器、智能涂层、柔性纺织品和多功能设备仍然具有挑战性。在此，作者提出了一种简便且稳健的策略，即通过在 N，N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂系统中进行紫外触发的自由基聚合，将聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯（PEGDMA）聚合成 CNCs 的手性液晶结构。所得的 CNC-聚（PEGDMA）复合材料表现出令人印象深刻的强度（42 MPa）、可拉伸性（104%）、韧性（31 MJ m(-3)）和耐溶剂性。值得注意的是，它保留了鲜艳的光泽，从红色、黄色到绿色可拉伸变化，以响应施加的机械刺激。 更有趣的是，在接触到喷洒的湿气时，它执行敏感的驱动（4.6 度/秒的负一次方）和多种复杂的 3D 变形行为，伴随着协同的彩虹般的外观。由于其 CNC 结构的典型左旋各向异性，驱动表现出产生高概率（63%）的右旋螺旋形状的能力，模仿了螺旋状卷须。作者们设想，这个具有可持续性、鲁棒性、机械变色和特定驱动能力的多功能系统将在机械传感器、可拉伸光学、智能驱动器和软体机器人领域开辟一条可持续的道路。

[364] Electrically Responsive Photonic Crystals with Bistable States for Low-Power Electrophoretic Color Displays Nature Communications, 2022, 13(1): 7007. Conventional electrophoretic color displays require a permanent electric field, increasing power consumption. Here, the authors report an electrically responsive photonic crystal with switchable bistable states by particle rearrangement for low power consumption displays. Electrically responsive photonic crystals are promising materials for electrophoretic color displays with better brightness and color saturation. However, electric field must always be applied to maintain the specific colors, which brings concerns about the power consumption and signal stability and reversibility. Here, we show an electrically responsive photonic crystal with two stable states at 0 V, which are the colored state or the colorless state with ordered or disordered particle arrangement. The color state can be reversibly switched by applying a short-time electrical field, just like in the case of commercial electrophoretic ink. With optimized recipe and electric field, the photonic crystals encapsulated in the prototype display panel are proved to have potentials in high resolution, multi-color, and greyscale display, which lays down a firm basis for reflective displays with low power consumption and good visibility.
电响应光子晶体具有双稳态，用于低功耗电泳彩色显示器，自然通讯，2022，13（1）：7007。传统的电泳彩色显示器需要恒定的电场，增加功耗。在这里，作者们报告了一种通过粒子重新排列实现可切换双稳态的电响应光子晶体，用于低功耗显示器。电响应光子晶体是电泳彩色显示器中具有更好亮度和色彩饱和度的有希望的材料。然而，必须始终施加电场以保持特定颜色，这引发了关于功耗和信号稳定性和可逆性的担忧。在这里，我们展示了一种在 0 V 时具有两种稳定状态的电响应光子晶体，即彩色状态或无色状态，具有有序或无序的粒子排列。彩色状态可以通过施加短时电场进行可逆切换，就像商业电泳墨水的情况一样。 通过优化的配方和电场，原型显示面板中封装的光子晶体在高清、多彩和灰度显示方面展现出潜力，为低功耗和高可见性的反射式显示器奠定了坚实基础。

[365] A Smart Large-Scale Explosive-Responsive Amorphous Photonic Crystal Sensor Based on Color Analysis Method Chemical Engineering Journal, 2022, 446: 136450. Leveraging advances in nanoscience and intelligent technology to engineer large-scale and stimuli-response amorphous photonic crystals (APCs) for use in inexpensive and portable sensing system for the detection of explosives. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) colloidal microspheres with uniform particle size and good mono-dispersion were used to prepare APCs by spraying method. The structural color of APCs was angle-independent and changed with different microspheres size. Meanwhile, a robotic arm was designed to achieve an automatic and large-scale preparation of APCs, and this more accurate and cost-effective method not only provides an automatic process for large-scale APCs pattern painting in chemical industry, but also gives chemical sensors an access to be smart devices in life. Then 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (RDX) and cyclotetramethylenete-tranitramine (HMX) molecularly imprinted APCs (MIAPCs) were fabricated in the same way. The results showed that the response time of MIAPCs was 10 s, and the limit of detection was 0.01 mM with NaOH swollen. Specially, by using the more convenient HSB (Hue-Saturation-Brightness) and CIE (Commission Internationale de L' Eclairage) color analysis methods, combined with principal component analysis and pattern recognition methods, a sensor group with higher selectivity and sensitivity than a single sensor was constructed. A qualitative and semi-quantitative result was realized by responding to the changes of structural color before and after. Compared with traditional PhCs sensor, the APCs sensor has angle-independent structural color, which provides more accurate results and simplifies the detection based on the color analysis. This novel large-scale APCs sensor represents a potential of highly selective and real-time on-site visual explosive detection. In the meanwhile, the automatic APCs casting also offers chemical materials an access to combining with intelligent technology.
[365] 基于颜色分析法的智能大规模爆炸响应非晶态光子晶体传感器，化学工程学报，2022，446：136450。利用纳米科学和智能技术的进步，工程化大规模和刺激响应的非晶态光子晶体（APCs），用于低成本便携式传感系统检测爆炸物。采用均匀粒径和良好单分散性的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）胶体微球，通过喷涂法制备 APCs。APCs 的结构色与角度无关，并随不同微球尺寸而变化。同时，设计了一种机械臂，以实现 APCs 的自动和大规模制备，这种方法不仅为化学工业中大规模 APCs 图案喷涂提供了自动化工艺，还为化学传感器提供了成为生活智能设备的机会。然后，以相同的方式制备了 2,4,6-三硝基甲苯（TNT）、1,3,5-三硝基-1,3,5-三氮杂环己烷（RDX）和环四亚甲基四硝胺（HMX）分子印迹 APCs（MIAPCs）。 结果表明，MIAPCs 的响应时间为 10 秒，检测限为 0.01 mM（NaOH 膨胀）。特别地，通过使用更方便的 HSB（色调-饱和度-亮度）和 CIE（国际照明委员会）颜色分析方法和主成分分析及模式识别方法，构建了一个比单个传感器具有更高选择性和灵敏度的传感器组。通过响应结构色在前后变化，实现了定性和半定量结果。与传统 PhCs 传感器相比，APCs 传感器具有角度无关的结构色，这提供了更准确的结果并简化了基于颜色分析的诊断。这种新型大规模 APCs 传感器代表了高度选择性和实时现场视觉爆炸检测的潜力。同时，自动 APCs 铸造也为化学材料提供了与智能技术结合的途径。

[366] A Smart Large-Scale Explosive-Responsive Amorphous Photonic Crystal Sensor Based on Color Analysis Method Chemical Engineering Journal, 2022, 446. Leveraging advances in nanoscience and intelligent technology to engineer large-scale and stimuli-response amorphous photonic crystals (APCs) for use in inexpensive and portable sensing system for the detection of explosives. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) colloidal microspheres with uniform particle size and good mono-dispersion were used to prepare APCs by spraying method. The structural color of APCs was angle-independent and changed with different microspheres size. Meanwhile, a robotic arm was designed to achieve an automatic and large-scale preparation of APCs, and this more accurate and cost-effective method not only provides an automatic process for large-scale APCs pattern painting in chemical industry, but also gives chemical sensors an access to be smart devices in life. Then 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (RDX) and cyclotetramethylenete-tranitramine (HMX) molecularly imprinted APCs (MIAPCs) were fabricated in the same way. The results showed that the response time of MIAPCs was 10 s, and the limit of detection was 0.01 mM with NaOH swollen. Specially, by using the more convenient HSB (Hue-Saturation-Brightness) and CIE (Commission Internationale de L' Eclairage) color analysis methods, combined with principal component analysis and pattern recognition methods, a sensor group with higher selectivity and sensitivity than a single sensor was constructed. A qualitative and semi-quantitative result was realized by responding to the changes of structural color before and after. Compared with traditional PhCs sensor, the APCs sensor has angle-independent structural color, which provides more accurate results and simplifies the detection based on the color analysis. This novel large-scale APCs sensor represents a potential of highly selective and real-time on-site visual explosive detection. In the meanwhile, the automatic APCs casting also offers chemical materials an access to combining with intelligent technology.
[366] 基于颜色分析法的智能大规模爆炸响应非晶态光子晶体传感器 化学工程学报，2022，446。利用纳米科学和智能技术的进步，工程化大规模和刺激响应的非晶态光子晶体（APCs），用于低成本便携式传感系统检测爆炸物。采用喷雾法，使用具有均匀粒径和良好单分散性的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）胶体微球制备 APCs。APCs 的结构色与角度无关，并随不同微球尺寸而变化。同时，设计了一种机械臂，以实现 APCs 的自动和大规模制备，这种方法不仅为化学工业中大规模 APCs 图案涂装提供了自动工艺，还为化学传感器提供了成为生活智能设备的机会。然后，以相同的方式制备了 2,4,6-三硝基甲苯（TNT）、1,3,5-三硝基-1,3,5-三氮杂环己烷（RDX）和环四亚甲基四硝胺（HMX）分子印迹 APCs（MIAPCs）。 结果表明，MIAPCs 的响应时间为 10 秒，检测限为 0.01 mM（NaOH 膨胀）。特别地，通过使用更方便的 HSB（色调-饱和度-亮度）和 CIE（国际照明委员会）颜色分析方法和主成分分析及模式识别方法，构建了一个比单个传感器具有更高选择性和灵敏度的传感器组。通过响应结构色在前后变化，实现了定性和半定量结果。与传统 PhCs 传感器相比，APCs 传感器具有角度无关的结构色，这提供了更准确的结果并简化了基于颜色分析的诊断。这种新型大规模 APCs 传感器代表了高度选择性和实时现场视觉爆炸检测的潜力。同时，自动 APCs 铸造也为化学材料提供了与智能技术结合的途径。

[367] Editorial to the Special Issue: How to Reinvent the Ways to Invent the Batteries of the Future – the Battery 2030+ Large‐Scale Research Initiative Roadmap Advanced Energy Materials, 2022, 12(17).
[367] 特别专辑编者按：如何重新发明未来电池的制造方法——电池 2030+大规模研究倡议路线图，先进能源材料，2022，12(17)。

[368] Tuning Structural and Mechanical Anisotropy of Pva Hydrogels Mechanics of Materials, 2022, 172. Hydrogel materials are widely applicable due to their high water content, biocompatibility, and broad tunability. While the overall mechanical performance of hydrogels can be tuned by methods such as altering the recipe, introducing a secondary network, and adding a post-treatment step, anisotropic mechanical properties with specific anisotropic ratios are not readily achievable. Moreover, the relation between anisotropic structures and the resulting difference in mechanical performance along various directions is not yet clearly understood. In this paper, we fabricated poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogels with tunable anisotropic ratios of Young's moduli by a bidirectional ice-templating method. Then we characterized the morphologies and mechanical properties in different directions to study the correlation between structure and property anisotropy. An analytical model based on Eshelby's equivalence principle and Mori-Tanaka's mean-field theory was established to predict the anisotropic ratios of the effective moduli for the porous hydrogels, which agrees well with the experimental results. This model reveals the key parameters that govern the degree of anisotropy and has the potential of providing guidance for designing micro-structured hydrogels with specified mechanical properties.
[368] 调节 PVA 水凝胶的结构和机械各向异性，材料力学，2022，172。水凝胶材料因其高含水量、生物相容性和广泛的调节性而得到广泛应用。虽然可以通过改变配方、引入次级网络和添加后处理步骤等方法调节水凝胶的整体力学性能，但具有特定各向异性比率的各向异性力学性能并不容易实现。此外，各向异性结构与沿各个方向产生的力学性能差异之间的关系尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们通过双向冰模板法制备了具有可调各向异性杨氏模量比的聚乙烯醇水凝胶。然后，我们表征了不同方向上的形态和力学性能，以研究结构与性能各向异性之间的关系。 基于 Eshelby 等价原理和 Mori-Tanaka 平均场理论建立的分析模型，用于预测多孔水凝胶的有效模量的各向异性比率，与实验结果吻合良好。该模型揭示了控制各向异性程度的关键参数，并有可能为设计具有特定力学性能的微结构水凝胶提供指导。

[369] Piezoionic Mechanoreceptors: Force-Induced Current Generation in Hydrogels Science, 2022, 376(6592): 502-+. The human somatosensory network relies on ionic currents to sense, transmit, and process tactile information. We investigate hydrogels that similarly transduce pressure into ionic currents, forming a piezoionic skin. As in rapid- and slow-adapting mechanoreceptors, piezoionic currents can vary widely in duration, from milliseconds to hundreds of seconds. These currents are shown to elicit direct neuromodulation and muscle excitation, suggesting a path toward bionic sensory interfaces. The signal magnitude and duration depend on cationic and anionic mobility differences. Patterned hydrogel films with gradients of fixed charge provide voltage offsets akin to cell potentials. The combined effects enable the creation of self-powered and ultrasoft piezoionic mechanoreceptors that generate a charge density four to six orders of magnitude higher than those of triboelectric and piezoelectric devices.
[369] 压电离子机械受体：水凝胶中的力诱导电流产生 科学，2022，376(6592)：502-+. 人类躯体感觉网络依赖于离子电流来感知、传输和处理触觉信息。我们研究了类似地将压力转化为离子电流的水凝胶，形成压电离子皮肤。与快速适应和慢适应机械受体一样，压电离子电流的持续时间可以非常广泛，从毫秒到数百秒。这些电流被证明可以引起直接的神经调节和肌肉兴奋，表明了一条通往仿生感觉界面的途径。信号幅度和持续时间取决于阳离子和阴离子迁移率的差异。具有固定电荷梯度的图案化水凝胶薄膜提供类似于细胞电位的电压偏移。综合效应使得能够创建自供电和超软压电离子机械受体，其电荷密度比摩擦电和压电设备高四到六个数量级。

[370] Three-Dimensional Printing of Photonic Colloidal Glasses into Objects with Isotropic Structural Color Nature Communications, 2022, 13(1): 4397. Structural color is frequently exploited by living organisms for biological functions and has also been translated into synthetic materials as a more durable and less hazardous alternative to conventional pigments. Additive manufacturing approaches were recently exploited for the fabrication of exquisite photonic objects, but the angle-dependence observed limits a broader application of structural color in synthetic systems. Here, we propose a manufacturing platform for the 3D printing of complex-shaped objects that display isotropic structural color generated from photonic colloidal glasses. Structurally colored objects are printed from aqueous colloidal inks containing monodisperse silica particles, carbon black, and a gel-forming copolymer. Rheology and Small-Angle-X-Ray-Scattering measurements are performed to identify the processing conditions leading to printed objects with tunable structural colors. Multimaterial printing is eventually used to create complex-shaped objects with multiple structural colors using silica and carbon as abundant and sustainable building blocks. There is a growing interest in mimicking structural color in natural systems aiming for sustainable and long-lasting color. Here the authors report a platform for three-dimensional printing assembly of colloidal particles of silica and carbon that have programmable structural color.
[370] 光子胶体玻璃三维打印成具有各向同性结构色物体，自然通讯，2022，13(1): 4397。结构色常被生物体用于生物功能，并且已被转化为合成材料，作为一种比传统颜料更耐用、更安全的替代品。近年来，增材制造方法被用于制造精美的光子物体，但观察到的角度依赖性限制了结构色在合成系统中的更广泛应用。在这里，我们提出了一种用于打印具有各向同性结构色的复杂形状物体的制造平台。结构色物体是由含有单分散二氧化硅颗粒、碳黑和凝胶形成共聚物的水基胶体墨水打印而成的。通过流变性和小角 X 射线散射测量来确定导致打印物体具有可调结构色的加工条件。 多材料打印最终用于使用二氧化硅和碳作为丰富且可持续的构建块，创建具有多种结构颜色的复杂形状物体。对模仿自然系统中结构颜色的兴趣日益增长，旨在实现可持续和持久的颜色。在此，作者们报告了一个用于三维打印具有可编程结构颜色的二氧化硅和碳胶体颗粒的平台。

[371] Enhanced Sustained Responsive-Systems Based on Anionically Modified Gelatin-Containing Hybrid Gels: A Route to Correlate Physico-Mechanical and Swelling Properties Colloids and Surfaces a-Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2022, 651. Anionically modified gelatin-based multi-responsive hybrid gels were prepared by free radical copolymerization of acrylamide (AAm) and itaconic acid (IA) in varying amounts of gelatin (GLN). Influence of composition on physicochemical and mechanical properties was assessed. Maximum degradation temperatures of hybrids increased with addition of GLN to PAAm/IA network. Equilibrium swelling of hybrid PAAm/IA-GLNs was studied in water as a function of GLN content in the range of 0.075-0.750% (w/v). By examining the variation of the compression elastic modulus of hybrids with GLN, a correlation was obtained for the dependence of the effective crosslink density on the GLN content. pH sensitive swelling of hybrids exhibited a double-step increase with the S-shaped curve around pH 4.7 and 8.0. In studies evaluating the swelling tendency in various solvents, Hofmeister series and various swelling temperatures, it was found that swelling kinetics in NaNO3 solutions proceeds by Fickian diffusion and Schott's pseudo-second order model can be effectively used to evaluate swelling kinetics. Hybrid gels were applied to adsorption of cationic methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG) as model contaminating dyes from aqueous solutions. Accordingly, GLN-based hybrid gels could be a good adsorbent for the removal of cationic dyes from the contaminated waters.
[371] 基于阴离子改性明胶的增强持续响应性凝胶系统：关联物理力学和溶胀性能的途径，《胶体与表面 a-物理化学与工程学》，2022，651。通过在明胶（GLN）中不同比例下自由基共聚丙烯酰胺（AAm）和顺丁烯二酸（IA）制备了阴离子改性明胶基多响应性混合凝胶。评估了组成对物理化学和力学性能的影响。混合物的最大降解温度随着 GLN 添加到 PAAm/IA 网络中而增加。研究了混合 PAAm/IA-GLNs 在水中的平衡溶胀，GLN 含量在 0.075-0.750%（w/v）范围内。通过考察混合物的压缩弹性模量随 GLN 的变化，获得了有效交联密度对 GLN 含量的依赖性关联。 pH 敏感的杂化材料在 pH 4.7 和 8.0 附近表现出 S 形曲线的双步增加。在评估各种溶剂、霍夫迈斯特系列和各种膨胀温度的膨胀趋势的研究中，发现 NaNO3 溶液中的膨胀动力学是通过菲克扩散进行的，Schott 的伪二级动力学模型可以有效地用于评估膨胀动力学。杂化凝胶被应用于从水溶液中吸附阳离子甲基蓝（MB）和孔雀绿（MG）作为模型污染物。因此，基于 GLN 的杂化凝胶可以作为从受污染水中去除阳离子染料的良好吸附剂。

[372] Edible Amorphous Structural Color Advanced Optical Materials, 2022, 10(4). Due to the scarcity of blue color in the natural food palette, synthetic blue edible colorants are commonly used in daily life. With growing awareness of environmental hazards and potential side-effect impacts of synthetic food colorants on customers' health, synthetic blue edible colorants are no longer a good choice. Here, a strategy of mixing two edible sub-microspheres, mesoporous hollow TiO2 sub-microspheres or SiO2 sub-microspheres and cuttlefish ink particles, is reported to produce mass amorphous photonic structures (APSs) with structural color. The hues can be tuned by controlling the size of mesoporous hollow TiO2 sub-microspheres, and the saturation is strongly related to the proportion of cuttlefish ink particles. Cytotoxicity assays and evaluation of bioaccessibility in the simulated human digestive system further prove the safety of the blue structural colorants. The blue structural colorants exhibit high color visibility, thermostability, and reliable food safety, which are promising properties for food, drugs, and cosmetics.
[372] 食用非晶态结构色先进光学材料，2022，10(4)。由于自然食物色调中蓝色稀缺，日常生活中常用合成蓝色食用色素。随着对环境危害和合成食品色素对消费者健康潜在副作用影响的意识增强，合成蓝色食用色素不再是理想选择。在此，提出了一种混合两种食用亚微球（介孔空心 TiO2 亚微球或 SiO2 亚微球和墨鱼墨粒）的策略，以生产大量非晶态光子结构（APSs）并具有结构色。色调可以通过控制介孔空心 TiO2 亚微球的大小来调节，饱和度与墨鱼墨粒的比例密切相关。细胞毒性试验和模拟人体消化系统的生物可及性评估进一步证明了蓝色结构色素的安全性。蓝色结构色素表现出高色彩可见性、热稳定性和可靠的食物安全性，这些特性对于食品、药品和化妆品具有广阔的应用前景。

[373] A Solvent-Exchange Strategy to Develop Stiff and Tough Hydrogel Electrolytes for Flexible and Stable Supercapacitor Journal of Power Sources, 2022, 532. Toughness of flexible energy storage devices and a stable energy output during dynamic deformation are two challenges to be solved in their practically application. Herein, we reported a stiff and tough poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel electrolyte for flexible supercapacitor with toughness and stable energy output. A one-step solvent-exchange strategy was developed to replace the good solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to a poorer one water and simultaneously introduce kosmotropic ions into the PVA pre-hydrogels. This triggered the PVA chains to self-assemble and forming a homogeneous network crosslinked by the PVA crystalline domains and hydrophobic interactions. Benefiting from the excellent energy-dissipating ability of the homogeneous network, the PVA hydrogel electrolytes exhibited remarkable stiffness and toughness with tensile strength 16.54 MPa, elongation at break 1203%, and toughness 111.21 MJ m- 3, which surpassed the most reported hydrogels. By utilizing polyaniline as electrodes, a flexible supercapacitor was assembled with superior areal specific capacitance of 156.50 mF cm-2 at 1.0 mA cm-2. The supercapacitor delivered high resistance to mechanical stimuli such as bending and pressure. Moreover, it could well maintain stable energy output even being dynamically deformed. The developed supercapacitor showed great potential in the wearable applications.
[373] 开发用于柔性稳定超级电容器的刚韧水凝胶电解质的溶剂交换策略 《电源杂志》，2022 年，第 532 期。柔性储能设备的刚韧性和动态变形过程中的稳定能量输出是其在实际应用中需要解决的两大挑战。在此，我们报道了一种刚韧的聚乙烯醇（PVA）水凝胶电解质，适用于柔性超级电容器，具有刚韧性和稳定的能量输出。开发了一种一步溶剂交换策略，用较差的溶剂水替代优良的溶剂二甲基亚砜（DMSO），并同时将 kosmotropic 离子引入 PVA 预水凝胶中。这触发了 PVA 链的自组装，形成由 PVA 晶体域和疏水相互作用交联的均质网络。得益于均质网络的优异能量耗散能力，PVA 水凝胶电解质表现出卓越的刚韧性和强度，拉伸强度为 16.54 MPa，断裂伸长率为 1203%，韧性为 111.21 MJ m-3，超过了已报道的大多数水凝胶。 利用聚苯胺作为电极，组装了一种具有优异的比表面积电容（156.50 mF cm-2，在 1.0 mA cm-2 下）的柔性超级电容器。该超级电容器对机械刺激，如弯曲和压力，表现出高电阻。此外，即使在动态变形的情况下，它也能很好地保持稳定的能量输出。所开发的超级电容器在可穿戴应用中显示出巨大的潜力。

[374] Gas-Phase and Pm2.5-Bound Phthalates in Nail Salons: Characteristics, Exposure Via Inhalation, and Influencing Factors Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022, 30(3): 6146-6158. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of, exposure to, and factors influencing gas-phase and PM(2.5)-bound phthalates (PAEs) in nail salons. Data on both indoor and outdoor gas-phase and PM(2.5)-bound PAEs, carbon dioxide (CO(2)), temperature, and relative humidity were collected in nail salons. We also used questionnaires to survey building characteristics and occupants' behaviors. The average total gas-phase and PM(2.5)-bound PAE concentrations indoors were higher than those outdoors by 6 and 3 times, respectively. Diethyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were the predominant compounds among both the gas-phase and PM(2.5)-bound PAEs in indoor air. The volume of the salon's space or the difference of indoor and outdoor CO(2) concentrations (dCO(2)) was significantly associated with indoor PAE concentrations. The ratios of PM(2.5)-bound to gas-phase PAEs, especially high-molecular-weight PAEs, were positively associated with the dCO(2) concentrations. Higher ratios of indoor to outdoor PM(2.5)-bound DiBP, DnBP, and DEHP concentrations were discovered when more clients visited each day. Building characteristics, ventilation conditions, and occupants' activities have influences on the gas-phase and particle-phase PAEs. The study identifies the characteristics of gas-phase and PM(2.5)-bound PAEs in nail salons and their influencing factors.
[374] 指甲沙龙中气相和 PM2.5 结合的邻苯二甲酸酯：特征、吸入暴露途径及影响因素 环境科学与污染研究，2022，30(3)：6146-6158。本研究旨在调查指甲沙龙中气相和 PM(2.5)结合的邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）的特征、暴露途径及影响因素。在指甲沙龙中收集了室内和室外的气相和 PM(2.5)结合的 PAEs、二氧化碳（CO(2)）、温度和相对湿度数据。我们还使用问卷调查了建筑特征和居住者的行为。室内气相和 PM(2.5)结合的 PAEs 平均总浓度分别比室外高 6 倍和 3 倍。对二甲苯、二异丁基苯（DiBP）、二正丁基苯（DnBP）和二(2-乙基己基)苯（DEHP）是室内空气中气相和 PM(2.5)结合的 PAEs 中的主要化合物。沙龙的空间体积或室内外 CO(2)浓度差（dCO(2)）与室内 PAEs 浓度显著相关。 PM2.5-结合的 PAEs 与气相 PAEs 的比值，尤其是高分子量 PAEs 的比值，与二氧化碳浓度呈正相关。当每天客户访问量增加时，室内 PM2.5-结合的 DiBP、DnBP 和 DEHP 浓度与室外浓度的比值更高。建筑特征、通风条件和居住者的活动对气相和颗粒相 PAEs 有影响。该研究确定了美甲店中气相和 PM2.5-结合 PAEs 的特征及其影响因素。

[375] Silica Nanoparticle/Polymer Film-Based Soft Mechanochromic Devices for Detecting Mechanical Deformation and Stress Cycles in Varied Environments ACS Applied Nano Materials, 2022, 5(2): 2906-2911.
[375] 基于二氧化硅纳米颗粒/聚合物薄膜的软机械色变器件，用于检测各种环境中的机械变形和应力循环，ACS 应用纳米材料，2022，5(2)：2906-2911。

[376] Exposure to Contemporary and Emerging Chemicals in Commerce among Pregnant Women in the United States: The Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcome (Echo) Program Environmental Science & Technology, 2022, 56(10): 6560-6573. Prenatal chemical exposures can influence maternal and child health; however, few industrial chemicals are routinely biomonitored. We assessed an extensive panel of contemporary and emerging chemicals in 171 pregnant women across the United States (U.S.) and Puerto Rico in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program. We simultaneously measured urinary concentrations of 89 analytes (103 total chemicals representing 73 parent compounds) in nine chemical groups: bactericides, benzophenones, bisphenols, fungicides and herbicides, insecticides, organophosphate esters (OPEs), parabens, phthalates/alternative plasticizers, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We estimated associations of creatinine-adjusted concentrations with sociodemographic and specimen characteristics. Among our diverse prenatal population (60% non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic), we detected 73 of 89 analytes in >/=1 participant and 36 in >50% of participants. Five analytes not currently included in the U.S. biomonitoring were detected in >/=90% of samples: benzophenone-1, thiamethoxam, mono-2-(propyl-6-carboxy-hexyl) phthalate, monocarboxy isooctyl phthalate, and monohydroxy-iso-decyl phthalate. Many analyte concentrations were higher among women of Hispanic ethnicity compared to those of non-Hispanic White women. Concentrations of certain chemicals decreased with the calendar year, whereas concentrations of their replacements increased. Our largest study to date identified widespread exposures to prevalent and understudied chemicals in a diverse sample of pregnant women in the U.S.
[376] 美国孕妇接触商业中使用的当代和新兴化学品：环境对儿童健康结果的影响（ECHO）项目环境科学与技术，2022，56(10)：6560-6573。孕期化学物质暴露可能影响母婴健康；然而，很少有工业化学品进行常规生物监测。我们在美国和波多黎各的 171 名孕妇中评估了 ECHO 项目中广泛使用的当代和新兴化学品。我们同时测量了 9 个化学组中 89 种分析物（代表 73 种母体化合物的 103 种总化学物质）的尿液浓度：杀菌剂、苯并苯、双酚、杀菌剂和除草剂、杀虫剂、有机磷酸酯（OPEs）、对苯甲酸酯、邻苯二甲酸酯/替代增塑剂和多环芳烃（PAHs）。我们估计了肌酐调整浓度与人口统计学和样本特征之间的关联。 在我们多样化的孕前人群中（60%为非西班牙裔黑人或西班牙裔），我们在≥1 名参与者中检测到 89 种分析物中的 73 种，在≥50%的参与者中检测到 36 种。在≥90%的样本中检测到五种目前未包括在美国生物监测中的分析物：苯并苯-1、噻虫胺、单-2-(丙基-6-羧基己基)邻苯二甲酸酯、单羧基异辛基邻苯二甲酸酯和单羟基异癸基邻苯二甲酸酯。与非西班牙裔白人女性相比，西班牙裔女性的许多分析物浓度更高。某些化学物质的浓度随着日历年份的推移而降低，而其替代品的浓度则增加。我们迄今为止最大的研究确定了美国不同样本的孕妇广泛接触了常见且研究不足的化学物质。

[377] Advances and Applications of Nanophotonic Biosensors Nature Nanotechnology, 2022, 17(1): 5-16. This Review discusses the progresses in label-free nanophotonic biosensors based on photonic or dielectric surfaces and metasurfaces and highlights the challenges and benefits of their applications in the fields of public health, well-being and biosafety. Nanophotonic devices, which control light in subwavelength volumes and enhance light-matter interactions, have opened up exciting prospects for biosensing. Numerous nanophotonic biosensors have emerged to address the limitations of the current bioanalytical methods in terms of sensitivity, throughput, ease-of-use and miniaturization. In this Review, we provide an overview of the recent developments of label-free nanophotonic biosensors using evanescent-field-based sensing with plasmon resonances in metals and Mie resonances in dielectrics. We highlight the prospects of achieving an improved sensor performance and added functionalities by leveraging nanostructures and on-chip and optoelectronic integration, as well as microfluidics, biochemistry and data science toolkits. We also discuss open challenges in nanophotonic biosensing, such as reducing the overall cost and handling of complex biological samples, and provide an outlook for future opportunities to improve these technologies and thereby increase their impact in terms of improving health and safety.
[377] 纳米光子生物传感器的进展与应用 自然纳米技术，2022，17(1)：5-16。本综述讨论了基于光子或介电表面和超表面无标记纳米光子生物传感器的研究进展，并强调了其在公共卫生、福祉和生物安全领域的应用挑战和益处。纳米光子器件，通过在亚波长体积内控制光并增强光-物质相互作用，为生物传感开辟了令人兴奋的前景。众多纳米光子生物传感器涌现出来，以解决当前生物分析方法在灵敏度、通量、易用性和小型化方面的局限性。在本综述中，我们概述了利用基于金属等离子体共振和介电材料米氏共振的渐逝场传感技术，最近无标记纳米光子生物传感器的发展。我们强调了通过利用纳米结构、片上和光电子集成、以及微流控、生物化学和数据科学工具包，实现改进的传感器性能和附加功能的前景。 我们还讨论了纳米光子生物传感领域的开放挑战，例如降低整体成本和处理复杂生物样本，并为未来改善这些技术及其在提高健康和安全方面的影响提供展望。

[378] Human Exposure to Toxic Elements through Facial Cosmetic Products: Dermal Risk Assessment Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2022, 131: 105145. Facial cosmetics are the most commonly consumed product, mainly by the women from all over the world irrespective of their age. The facial cosmetics may be contaminated with several toxic elements, which can get absorb on to the facial skin and migrate to the blood vessels. Hence the absorbed toxic elements can cause further adverse effects on the human body. The present study aims to assess the toxic element contents (arsenic, lead, nickel, mercury, and cadmium) in commonly consumed facial cosmetics (face powder, foundation, lightning creams, moisturizer, eye shadow, lipsticks, eyeliner, blush, mascara, sunscreen) and to carry out the risk assessment through different methods. The dermal risk was evaluated as SED, NOAEL, MoS, HQ and ILCR, which is linked with the exposure of selected toxic elements. The total CDDE for all selected elements in facial cosmetic products was found in increasing order as follow: face powder > foundation > lightning creams > moisturizer > eye shadow > lipsticks > eyeliner > blush > mascara > sunscreen. The HQ and HI values for selected elements were found to be < 1 in all facial cosmetics. Whereas the probable MoS of selected toxic elements in all facial cosmetics except eyeliner were found to be 3-4 folds lower than the minimum value of 100 regulated by the WHO.
[378] 人通过面部化妆品接触有毒元素：皮肤风险评估、监管毒理学与药理学，2022，131：105145。面部化妆品是最常消费的产品，主要由全球各地的女性消费，无论年龄大小。面部化妆品可能被多种有毒元素污染，这些元素可以吸收到面部皮肤并迁移到血管中。因此，吸收的有毒元素可能对人体造成进一步的不良影响。本研究旨在评估常用面部化妆品（粉底、粉饼、亮肤霜、保湿霜、眼影、口红、眼线笔、腮红、睫毛膏、防晒霜）中的有毒元素含量（砷、铅、镍、汞和镉），并通过不同方法进行风险评估。皮肤风险以 SED、NOAEL、MoS、HQ 和 ILCR 进行评估，这与所选有毒元素的暴露有关。 面部化妆品中所有选定元素的总 CDDE 按递增顺序排列如下：粉底 > 粉底液 > 粉饼 > 面霜 > 眼影 > 唇膏 > 眼线笔 > 腮红 > 睫毛膏 > 防晒霜。所选元素的高频（HQ）和高度（HI）值在所有面部化妆品中均小于 1。而所有面部化妆品（除眼线笔外）中选定有毒元素的可能 MoS 值比世界卫生组织规定的最低值 100 低 3-4 倍。

[379] Freeze/Thawed Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogels: Present, Past and Future European Polymer Journal, 2022, 164. A comprehensive review of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels prepared by the freezing/thawing (F-T) process is presented. We discuss their preparation, gelation mechanisms, handling of physical/mechanical properties, physicochemical characteristics, and various applications. PVA gelation through repeated F-T occurs without an externally added crosslinking agent due to the molecular structure and ability of PVA solutions to crystallize, resulting in ultrapure hydrogels. Gelation factors such as F-T cycle number, maximum and minimum temperature used, cycle duration, as well as molecular characteristics of the employed PVA samples, such as the average molecular weight, and the degree of hydrolysis, enable precise tuning of crystallization, hydrogen bonding as well as the final hydrogel properties. Incorporation of a second polymer and/or nanoparticles, which respectively results in interpenetrating polymer networks and nanocomposites, further facilitates obtaining desirable final properties to customize the gels for variety of applications. Facile customizability of the properties along with biocompatibility of PVA has led to the development of diverse prosthetic materials ranging from vascular stents, cartilages, and even contact lenses. In addition, PVA hydrogels have also been under investigation for drug delivery vehicles, and wound dressings. Furthermore, PVA hydrogels may possess a variety of other interesting features such as autonomous self-healing ability and programmed shape memory characteristic. As such PVA hydrogels can be used as components in actuators. Applications of the F-T PVA hydrogels in ionically conductive and photonic crystal-based sensors are also discussed.
[379] 冻融型聚乙烯醇水凝胶：现状、过去与未来 欧洲聚合物杂志，2022，164。本文对通过冻融（F-T）工艺制备的聚乙烯醇（PVA）水凝胶进行了全面综述。我们讨论了它们的制备、凝胶化机理、物理/力学性能处理、物理化学特性以及各种应用。由于 PVA 溶液的结晶能力和分子结构，PVA 通过反复冻融凝胶化无需外加交联剂，从而产生超纯水凝胶。冻融循环次数、使用的最高和最低温度、循环持续时间以及所采用 PVA 样品的分子特性（如平均分子量、水解度）等因素，可以精确调节结晶、氢键以及最终水凝胶性能。引入第二种聚合物和/或纳米颗粒，分别形成互穿聚合物网络和纳米复合材料，进一步有助于获得理想的最终性能，以定制适用于各种应用的水凝胶。 PVA 的易定制特性和生物相容性导致了从血管支架、软骨甚至隐形眼镜等多样化的假体材料的开发。此外，PVA 水凝胶也被研究作为药物递送载体和伤口敷料。此外，PVA 水凝胶还可能具有多种其他有趣的特征，如自主自修复能力和程序化形状记忆特性。因此，PVA 水凝胶可以用作执行器的组件。还讨论了 F-T PVA 水凝胶在离子导电和光子晶体传感器中的应用。

[380] Analysis and Thoughts on Application of Optical Fibre Sensing in Manufacturing Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 58(8).
[380] 关于光纤传感在制造中应用的分析与思考 机械工程学报，2022，58(8)。

[381] 大容量磷酸铁锂动力电池热失控预警策略研究<Sup>*</Sup> 中国安全科学学报, 2021, 31(11): 120-126.
[381] 大容量磷酸铁锂动力电池热失控预警策略研究^* 中国安全科学学报，2021，31(11): 120-126。

[382] Biomass-Burning Emissions Could Significantly Enhance the Atmospheric Oxidizing Capacity in Continental Air Pollution Environmental Pollution, 2021, 285: 117523. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important precursors of photochemical pollution. However, a substantial fraction of VOCs, namely, oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs), have not been sufficiently characterized to evaluate their sources in air pollution in China. In this study, a total of 119 VOCs, including 60 OVOCs in particular, were monitored to provide a more comprehensive picture based on different online measurement techniques, protontransfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) and online gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), at a receptor site in southeastern China during a photochemically active period. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) and photochemical age-based parameterization were combined to identify and quantify different sources of major VOCs during daytime hours, with the advantage of including VOC decay processes. The results revealed the unexpected role of biomass burning (21%) in terms of ozone (O-3) formation potential (OFP) when including the contributions of OVOCs and large contributions (30-32%) of biomass burning to aldehydes, as more OVOCs were measured in this study. We argue that biomass burning could significantly enhance the continental atmospheric oxidizing capacity, in addition to the well-recognized contributions of primary pollutants, which should be seriously considered in photochemical models and air pollution control strategies.
生物质燃烧排放可能显著增强大陆空气污染中的大气氧化能力。挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）是光化学污染的重要前体物。然而，大量 VOCs，特别是含氧化合物（OVOCs），尚未得到充分表征，无法评估其在我国空气污染中的来源。在本研究中，监测了包括 60 种含氧化合物在内的总共 119 种 VOCs，以基于不同的在线测量技术（如质子转移反应时间飞行质谱（PTR-ToF-MS）和在线气相色谱/质谱（GC/MS））提供更全面的图景，在中国东南部的一个受体站点在光化学活性期间进行。将正矩阵因子化（PMF）和基于光化学年龄的参数化相结合，以识别和量化白天时段主要 VOCs 的不同来源，具有包括 VOC 衰减过程的优势。 研究结果揭示了在包括 OVOCs 的贡献以及生物质燃烧对醛类物质（30-32%）的大贡献（21%）的情况下，生物质燃烧在臭氧（O-3）形成潜力（OFP）中的意外作用，因为本研究中测量的 OVOCs 更多。我们认为，除了公认的初级污染物贡献外，生物质燃烧可能会显著增强大陆大气氧化能力，这在光化学模型和空气污染控制策略中应予以认真考虑。

[383] Self-Healing and Anti-Co Hydrogels for Flexible Solid-State Zinc-Air Batteries ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2021, 13(10): 12033-12041. Flexible solid-state zinc-air batteries (ZABs) generally suffer from poor electrolyte/electrode contact and mechanical degradation in practical applications. In addition, CO2 corrosion is also a common issue for ZABs with alkaline electrolyte. Herein, we report a thermoreversible alkaline hydrogel electrolyte that can simultaneously solve the aforementioned problems. Through a simple cooling process, the hydrogel electrolyte transforms from solid state to liquid state that can not only restore the deformed electrolyte layer to its original state but also rebuild intimate contact between electrode and electrolyte. Moreover, the ZAB based on this hydrogel electrolyte exhibits an unprecedented anti-CO2 property. As a result, such a battery shows almost 2.5 times discharge duration than that of ZAB based on liquid electrolyte.
[383] 自修复和抗 CO 水凝胶用于柔性固态锌空气电池 ACS 应用材料与界面，2021，13(10)：12033-12041。柔性固态锌空气电池（ZABs）在实际应用中通常遭受电解质/电极接触不良和机械降解问题。此外，CO2 腐蚀也是碱性电解质 ZABs 的常见问题。在此，我们报道了一种热可逆碱性水凝胶电解质，可以同时解决上述问题。通过简单的冷却过程，水凝胶电解质从固态转变为液态，不仅可以恢复变形的电解质层到其原始状态，还可以重建电极与电解质之间的紧密接触。此外，基于这种水凝胶电解质的 ZAB 表现出前所未有的抗 CO2 性能。因此，这种电池的放电时间几乎是基于液态电解质 ZAB 的 2.5 倍。

[384] Self-Healing and Anti-Co Hydrogels for Flexible Solid-State Zinc-Air Batteries ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2021, 13(10): 12033-12041. Flexible solid-state zinc-air batteries (ZABs) generally suffer from poor electrolyte/electrode contact and mechanical degradation in practical applications. In addition, CO2 corrosion is also a common issue for ZABs with alkaline electrolyte. Herein, we report a thermoreversible alkaline hydrogel electrolyte that can simultaneously solve the aforementioned problems. Through a simple cooling process, the hydrogel electrolyte transforms from solid state to liquid state that can not only restore the deformed electrolyte layer to its original state but also rebuild intimate contact between electrode and electrolyte. Moreover, the ZAB based on this hydrogel electrolyte exhibits an unprecedented anti-CO2 property. As a result, such a battery shows almost 2.5 times discharge duration than that of ZAB based on liquid electrolyte.
[384] 自修复和抗 CO 水凝胶用于柔性固态锌空气电池 ACS 应用材料与界面，2021，13(10)：12033-12041。柔性固态锌空气电池（ZABs）在实际应用中通常存在电解质/电极接触不良和机械降解问题。此外，碱性电解质的 ZABs 还普遍存在 CO2 腐蚀问题。本研究报道了一种热可逆碱性水凝胶电解质，可以同时解决上述问题。通过简单的冷却过程，水凝胶电解质从固态转变为液态，不仅可以恢复变形的电解质层到原始状态，还可以重建电极与电解质之间的紧密接触。此外，基于该水凝胶电解质的 ZAB 表现出前所未有的抗 CO2 性能。因此，这种电池的放电时间几乎是基于液态电解质的 ZAB 的 2.5 倍。

[385] Multi‐Functional Hydrogels for Flexible Zinc‐Based Batteries Working under Extreme Conditions Advanced Energy Materials, 2021, 11(34).
[385] 极端条件下工作的多功能水凝胶用于柔性锌基电池 高级能源材料，2021，11(34)。

[386] Interactively Mechanochromic Electronic Textile Sensor with Rapid and Durable Electrical/Optical Response for Visualized Stretchable Electronics Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021, 426. Textile-based electronic devices are significant components of emerging wearable electronics. However, the current textile-based electronics are limited by single electrical signal input/output, and unable to be visualized directly by human eyes, restricting their diverse applications in visualized human-interactive electronics. Here, we develop a series of novel interactively mechanochromic electronic textile (MET) sensors for visualized stretchable electronics. The MET sensors are based on the ingenious coupling of new supramolecular photonic elastomers (PEs) with hierarchical-fiber-structured conductive polyester textiles (CPTs). Benefiting from their semi-embedded structures, the MET sensors demonstrate not only distinct negative electrical response but also simultaneous mechanochromic capability upon stretching, via reconstructing conductive paths and adjusting the lattice spacing of the photonic crystals. Notably, the MET sensors exhibit bright structural colors, enhanced toughness (35.6 kJ m-3), excellent mechanical resilience, fast optical/electrical response (approximate to 0.30 s) and recovery speed (approximate to 0.22 s). Most importantly, the structural colors and electrical responses of the MET sensors remain constant even after 30,000 stretching/releasing cycles, showing outstanding mechanical stability, reliability, and excellent durability. Based on these merits, the MET sensors are used as visually interactive wearable devices for monitoring human joint movements in real time. This research provides a general platform for achieving visualized interaction of the electronic textiles, which shows great prospects in wearable devices, human-machine interfaces, and soft robotics.
[386] 具有快速和耐用的电/光响应的交互式机械变色电子纺织品传感器，用于可视化可拉伸电子，化学工程杂志，2021，426。基于纺织品的电子设备是新兴可穿戴电子的重要部件。然而，当前的纺织品电子设备受限于单电信号输入/输出，无法直接被人眼可视化，限制了其在可视化人机交互电子领域的多样化应用。在此，我们开发了一系列新型交互式机械变色电子纺织品（MET）传感器，用于可视化可拉伸电子。MET 传感器基于新超分子光子弹性体（PEs）与分层纤维结构导电聚酯纺织品（CPTs）的巧妙耦合。得益于其半嵌入式结构，MET 传感器不仅表现出独特的负电响应，而且在拉伸时还同时具有机械变色能力，通过重构导电路径和调整光子晶体的晶格间距实现。 值得注意的是，MET 传感器表现出鲜艳的结构色、增强的韧性（35.6 kJ m-3）、优异的机械弹性、快速的光电响应（约 0.30 秒）和恢复速度（约 0.22 秒）。最重要的是，MET 传感器的结构色和电响应在经过 30,000 次拉伸/释放循环后仍保持恒定，显示出卓越的机械稳定性、可靠性和优异的耐用性。基于这些优点，MET 传感器被用作视觉交互式可穿戴设备，用于实时监测人体关节运动。这项研究为电子纺织品的可视化交互提供了一个通用平台，在可穿戴设备、人机界面和软体机器人领域具有广阔的前景。

[387] Research Progress of Adsorption and Removal of Heavy Metals by Chitosan and Its Derivatives: A Review Chemosphere, 2021, 279: 130927-130945. Chitosan has received widespread attention as an adsorbent for pollutants because of its low cost and great adsorption potentials. Chitosan has abundant hydroxyl and amino groups that can bind heavy metal ions. However, it has defects such as sensitivity to pH, low thermal stability, and low mechanical strength, which limit the application of chitosan in wastewater treatment. The functional groups of chitosan can be modified to improve its performance via crosslinking and graft modification. The porosity and specific surface area of chitosan in powder form are not ideal, therefore, physical modification has been attempted to generate chitosan nanoparticles and hydrogel. Chitosan has also been integrated with other materials (e.g. graphene, zeolite) resulting in composite materials with improved adsorption performance. This review mainly focuses on reports about the application of chitosan and its derivatives to remove different heavy metals. The preparation strategy, adsorption mechanism, and factors affecting the adsorption performance of adsorbents for each type of heavy metal are discussed in detail. Recent reports on important organic pollutants (dyes and phenol) removal by chitosan and its derivatives are also briefly discussed.
[387]壳聚糖及其衍生物吸附去除重金属的研究进展：综述 Chemosphere，2021，279：130927-130945。壳聚糖由于其低成本和强大的吸附潜力，作为污染物吸附剂而受到广泛关注。壳聚糖含有丰富的羟基和氨基基团，可以与重金属离子结合。然而，它存在对 pH 敏感、热稳定性低、机械强度低等缺陷，限制了壳聚糖在废水处理中的应用。可以通过交联和接枝改性等方法对壳聚糖的功能基团进行改性，以提高其性能。粉末形态的壳聚糖的孔隙率和比表面积不理想，因此尝试进行物理改性以生成壳聚糖纳米粒子和水凝胶。壳聚糖还与其他材料（如石墨烯、沸石）结合，形成具有改进吸附性能的复合材料。本综述主要关注关于壳聚糖及其衍生物用于去除不同重金属的应用报告。 重金属吸附剂的制备策略、吸附机理以及影响吸附性能的因素对每种重金属吸附剂进行了详细讨论。近期关于壳聚糖及其衍生物去除重要有机污染物（染料和酚）的报道也简要讨论。

[388] Thermal Abusive Experimental Research on the Large-Format Lithium-Ion Battery Using a Buried Dual-Sensor Journal of Energy Storage, 2021, 33: 102156. The study on the thermal flow characteristics of temperature and pressure is helpful to understand the thermal runway mechanism of batteries. In this study, a 50 Ah, 3.65 V commercial prismatic battery with an Li (Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2)O-2 cathode is tested through thermal abusive experiments. The thermal flow characteristics of thermal runaway behaviors including temperature, pressure and gas quality have studied comprehensively by the proposed method of a dual-sensor, which are buried into battery. The experimental results indicate that the thermal runaway test can be divided into five stages. The internal pressure reaches to its maximum value of 1230 kPa and the first venting of the battery is appeared during Stage III. During Stage V, the battery internal temperature reaches to the maximum value of 655 degrees C, and the second venting happens. The maximum pressure appears 290s earlier than temperature in average, which can be used for warming signal. Additionally, before battery safety valve bursting, its internal pressure variation has interactions with changings in both temperature and the amount of chemical reactant. To analyze this relationship, the P-T coefficient is introduced. The P-T coefficient is positive in the temperature ranges of 30 degrees C to 65 degrees C, 95 degrees C similar to 115 degrees C and 130 degrees C similar to 180 degrees C. This means that the internal pressure of battery increases with temperature rising, which is mainly due to the reaction gas production. In the temperature of 65 degrees C similar to 95 degrees C, the P-T coefficient is negative. It can be deduced that the produced reactants, such as alkanes and alkenes, are re-dissolved in the organic electrolyte solvents. In summary, this novel study will be a guidance for thermal hazards early warming and battery internal thermal state analysis, which guides the thermal safety design of batteries.
[388] 大容量锂离子电池埋置双传感器热滥用实验研究，《能源存储》杂志，2021 年，第 33 卷：102156。对温度和压力热流特性的研究有助于理解电池的热失控机制。在本研究中，通过热滥用实验测试了一种 50 Ah、3.65 V 的商业型棱柱形电池，该电池的正极为 Li(Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2)O-2。采用埋置电池中的双传感器方法，对包括温度、压力和气体质量在内的热失控行为的热流特性进行了全面研究。实验结果表明，热失控测试可以分为五个阶段。在第三阶段，内部压力达到最大值 1230 kPa，电池首次出现排气。在第五阶段，电池内部温度达到最大值 655 摄氏度，发生第二次排气。平均而言，最大压力比温度提前 290 秒出现，这可以用作预警信号。 此外，在电池安全阀爆裂之前，其内部压力变化与温度和化学反应物数量的变化相互作用。为了分析这种关系，引入了 P-T 系数。在 30°C 至 65°C 的温度范围内，P-T 系数为正，95°C 类似于 115°C 和 130°C 类似于 180°C。这意味着随着温度的升高，电池的内部压力增加，这主要是由于反应气体的产生。在 65°C 类似于 95°C 的温度下，P-T 系数为负。可以推断出产生的反应物，如烷烃和烯烃，重新溶解在有机电解质溶剂中。总之，这项新颖的研究将为热危害早期预警和电池内部热状态分析提供指导，从而指导电池的热安全设计。

[389] Ultrastretchable Polyaniline-Based Conductive Organogel with High Strain Sensitivity ACS Materials Letters, 2021, 3(10): 1477-1483. Strain sensors, as a key component of wearable/stretchable electronics, typically exhibit an intrinsic conflict between large strain (>100%) and high sensitivity (gauge factor > 10). This Letter reports a solution to this trade-off by creating a high-conductivity thin layer of polyaniline (PANi) percolated through the outer surface of a polymethyl acrylate organogel. The highly robust, conductive organogel can achieve both high gauge factor and large strain via the mismatch between the fragile PANi and the elastic polyacrylate blending layer. The high gauge factor over the entire strain range of 2000% enables its broad sensing range from human pulse to massive deformation. The water-free conductive organogel provides purely electronic conductivity and allows for working under extreme conditions, which typical conductive hydrogels cannot withstand. These merits allows the sensor to present high sensitivity for both subtle movement (8% resistance change for pulse detection) and large strain (a gauge factor of 376 at 460% strain). Such a conductive organogel also demonstrated great sustainability under harsh operating conditions, as demonstrated by a dielectric elastomer actuator based on it, capable of generating a horizontal displacement of 15.7 mm (46% of the total length) at -12 degrees C, as a substitute for conventional hydrogels as the electrode.
[389] 基于超伸长聚苯胺的导电有机凝胶，具有高应变灵敏度 ACS 材料快报，2021，3(10)：1477-1483。应变传感器作为可穿戴/可拉伸电子的关键部件，通常在大的应变（>100%）和高灵敏度（量程因子>10）之间存在固有矛盾。本信函通过在聚甲基丙烯酸酯有机凝胶的外表面创建一层高导电性的聚苯胺（PANi）多孔层，提出了一种解决这种权衡的方法。这种高度坚固的导电有机凝胶可以通过脆弱的 PANi 和弹性聚丙烯酸酯混合层的错配，实现高量程因子和大的应变。在整个 2000%的应变范围内的高量程因子使其传感范围从人体脉搏到巨大变形。无水的导电有机凝胶提供纯电子导电性，并允许在极端条件下工作，这是典型的导电水凝胶无法承受的。这些优点使传感器对细微运动（脉搏检测的 8%电阻变化）和大应变（460%应变时的量程因子为 376）都具有高灵敏度。 这种导电有机凝胶在恶劣的工作条件下也表现出极高的可持续性，如基于它的介电弹性体驱动器所示，该驱动器在-12 摄氏度下能够产生 15.7 毫米（总长度的 46%）的水平位移，可作为传统水凝胶电极的替代品。

[390] Bacterial Cellulose Hydrogel: A Promising Electrolyte for Flexible Zinc-Air Batteries Journal of Power Sources, 2021, 482. Flexible zinc-air battery is a promising energy source for wearable electronic devices. However, few studies have focused on solid-state electrolyte which determines the servicing life and energy efficiency of zinc-air batteries. Herein, we propose a facile method to prepare a solid-state electrolyte based on bacterial cellulose (BC) hydrogel. Benefiting from the three-dimensional network structure, excellent hydrophilicity and stable chemical properties of BC, the prepared electrolyte bacterial cellulose-potassium hydroxide-potassium iodide (BC-KOH-KI) exhibits ultra-high mechanical strength of 2.1 MPa and excellent ionic conductivity of 54 mS cm(-1). Moreover, the KI is introduced to drive a more energy-efficient path for charging reaction. The flexible zinc-air battery based on BC-KOH-KI displays a narrow charge-discharge voltage gap of 0.46 V at 5 mA cm(-2) (energy efficiency: 73%), a high power density of 129 mW cm(-2), a high capacity of 794 mAh g(-1) and a large cycling number of over 100. The battery also keeps stable output at various bending angle, indicating a great potential for wearable applications.
细菌纤维素水凝胶：一种有希望的柔性锌空气电池电解质《电源杂志》，2021，482。柔性锌空气电池是可穿戴电子设备的一种有希望的能源。然而，很少有研究关注固态电解质，它是决定锌空气电池使用寿命和能量效率的关键。在此，我们提出了一种基于细菌纤维素（BC）水凝胶的固态电解质制备方法。得益于 BC 的三维网络结构、优异的亲水性和稳定的化学性质，制备的电解质细菌纤维素-氢氧化钾-碘化钾（BC-KOH-KI）表现出超高的机械强度 2.1 MPa 和优异的离子电导率 54 mS cm(-1)。此外，引入 KI 以驱动充电反应的更高效路径。基于 BC-KOH-KI 的柔性锌空气电池在 5 mA cm(-2)下表现出狭窄的充放电电压差 0.46 V（能量效率：73%），高功率密度 129 mW cm(-2)，高容量 794 mAh g(-1)和超过 100 次的循环寿命。 电池在各个弯曲角度下也能保持稳定的输出，显示出在可穿戴应用中的巨大潜力。

[391] Molecular Insights into the Complex Mechanics of Plant Epidermal Cell Walls Science, 2021, 372(6543): 706-+. Plants have evolved complex nanofibril-based cell walls to meet diverse biological and physical constraints. How strength and extensibility emerge from the nanoscale-to-mesoscale organization of growing cell walls has long been unresolved. We sought to clarify the mechanical roles of cellulose and matrix polysaccharides by developing a coarse-grained model based on polymer physics that recapitulates aspects of assembly and tensile mechanics of epidermal cell walls. Simple noncovalent binding interactions in the model generate bundled cellulose networks resembling that of primary cell walls and possessing stress-dependent elasticity, stiffening, and plasticity beyond a yield threshold. Plasticity originates from fibril-fibril sliding in aligned cellulose networks. This physical model provides quantitative insight into fundamental questions of plant mechanobiology and reveals design principles of biomaterials that combine stiffness with yielding and extensibility.
[391] 植物表皮细胞壁复杂力学机制的分子洞察 科学，2021，372(6543)：706-+. 植物已经进化出基于纳米纤维的复杂细胞壁以适应多样的生物学和物理约束。从纳米尺度到宏尺度组织生长的细胞壁中，强度和延展性如何产生一直是个未解之谜。我们通过开发一个基于聚合物物理的粗粒度模型来阐明纤维素和基质多糖的力学作用，该模型可以重现表皮细胞壁的组装和拉伸力学特性。模型中的简单非共价结合相互作用产生了类似于初生细胞壁的纤维素束网络，并具有应力依赖性弹性、屈服阈值以上的硬化和塑性。塑性源于排列的纤维素网络中的纤维滑移。这个物理模型为植物力学生物学的基本问题提供了定量洞察，并揭示了结合刚度和屈服与延展性的生物材料的结构原理。

[392] A Biomass Based Photonic Crystal Made of “Konjac Tofu” Chinese Chemical Letters, 2021, 32(1): 587-590.
[392] 基于“魔芋豆腐”的生物质光子晶体 中国化学快报，2021，32(1)：587-590。

[393] Large-Strain and Full-Color Change Photonic Crystal Films Used as Mechanochromic Strain Sensors Journal of Materials Science-Materials in Electronics, 2021, 32(11): 15586-15593. Mechanochromic strain sensors based on photonic crystals, which can change structural color upon mechanical deformation, are promising for many applications including health monitoring and damage detection. Here, a large-strain and full-color change photonic crystal film as a mechanochromic strain sensor is reported. The mechanochromic photonic crystal (MPC) film with grating nanostructure is achieved by a fast and low-cost inverted nanoimprint lithography. The film enables bright and reversible color shift in the full visible range as it is stretched up to a large strain, which is proven in strain direction parallel and perpendicular to the grating. It is demonstrated that the MPC film can be used as a mechanochromic strain sensor able to visualize strain evolution and strain range of low carbon steel in tensile test, which brings a significant step toward visualizing strain monitoring.
[393] 大应变全色变光子晶体薄膜用作机械色变应变传感器《材料科学-电子材料》，2021，32(11)：15586-15593。基于光子晶体的机械色变应变传感器，在机械变形时能改变结构色，在健康监测和损伤检测等许多应用中具有广阔前景。在此，报道了一种大应变全色变光子晶体薄膜作为机械色变应变传感器。通过快速且低成本的倒置纳米压印光刻技术实现了具有光栅纳米结构的光学色变光子晶体（MPC）薄膜。当薄膜拉伸至大应变时，它能够在全可见光范围内实现明亮的可逆色移，这在光栅平行和垂直于应变方向的方向上得到了证明。实验表明，MPC 薄膜可以用作机械色变应变传感器，能够可视化低碳钢拉伸试验中的应变演化和应变范围，这为可视化应变监测迈出了重要一步。

[394] Stimuli-Responsive Polymers for Sensing and Reacting to Environmental Conditions Progress in Polymer Science, 2021, 116: 101386-101419. As we enter the age of artificial intelligence (AI), new technologies will be needed to "sample" environmental conditions to provide data to AI systems that will yield a specific response. This review focuses on stimuli-responsive polymers (SRPs), and their ability to react to changes in external environmental conditions by undergoing a physical and/or chemical change. We first describe various methods for SRP synthesis, which leads into a discussion of the mechanism of SRPs response to external conditions, and finally we highlight examples of their use for sensing, biosensing, and actuation. The aim of this review is to familiarize readers with some of the most recent developments in SRP design and application, which we hope will encourage further research in this field that can help overcome some of the current challenges and inspire new and creative applications for these materials. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
[394] 对环境条件进行感知和反应的刺激响应聚合物：聚合物科学进展，2021，116：101386-101419。随着我们进入人工智能（AI）时代，需要新的技术来“采样”环境条件，为 AI 系统提供数据，以便产生特定的响应。本综述重点介绍了刺激响应聚合物（SRP），以及它们通过物理和/或化学变化对外部环境条件变化的反应能力。我们首先描述了 SRP 合成的各种方法，进而讨论 SRP 对外部条件响应的机制，最后我们强调了它们在感知、生物传感和驱动方面的应用实例。本综述的目的是使读者熟悉 SRP 设计和应用的一些最新进展，我们希望这将鼓励对该领域进行进一步的研究，以帮助克服一些当前挑战并激发这些材料的新颖和创造性应用。（c）2021 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[395] Selection of Hydrogel Electrolytes for Flexible Zinc–Air Batteries Materials Today Chemistry, 2021, 21: 100538-100556.
[395] 选择水凝胶电解质用于柔性锌-空气电池材料今日化学，2021，21: 100538-100556。

[396] Fabrication of Multicolor Janus Microbeads Based on Photonic Crystals and Upconversion Nanoparticles Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2021, 592: 249-258. In this study, a facile method to fabricate Janus microbeads based on photonic crystals and upconversion nanoparticles is designed. The Janus microbeads can be reversed under magnetic response and generate upconversion fluorescence under near-infrared light. Three kinds of core-shell upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are prepared by the solvothermal method and are mixed with Fe3O4 nanoparticles and different sizes of colloidal spheres. The Janus microbeads are assembled according to the hydrophilic property of the mixture and the hydrophobic property of substrates. The upper parts of the Janus microbeads are photonic crystals assembled with colloidal spheres, and the other parts are Fe3O4. Meanwhile, UCNPs are distributed inside the Janus microbeads. Furthermore, the Janus microbeads are prepared into different lattice patterns using special templates. In the lattice patterns, the structural colors of Janus microbeads can be displayed and disappeared by magnetic field inversion, and under external NIR irradiation, Janus microbeads can generate upconversion fluorescence to achieve multiple color display. The Janus microbeads are also applied to both sides of the bank card, and various reading information methods are designed according to different response modes, which have important applications in pattern display, response materials, and anti-counterfeiting. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
[396] 基于光子晶体和上转换纳米粒子的多彩 Janus 微球的制备胶体与界面科学杂志，2021，592: 249-258。在本研究中，设计了一种基于光子晶体和上转换纳米粒子的 Janus 微球简便制备方法。Janus 微球在磁场响应下可逆，并在近红外光下产生上转换荧光。通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了三种类型的核壳上转换纳米粒子（UCNPs），并与 Fe3O4 纳米粒子和不同尺寸的胶体球混合。Janus 微球的组装根据混合物的亲水性和基底的疏水性进行。Janus 微球的顶部由胶体球组装的光子晶体构成，其他部分为 Fe3O4。同时，UCNPs 分布在 Janus 微球内部。此外，使用特殊模板将 Janus 微球制备成不同的晶格图案。 在晶格图案中，Janus 微生物球的结色可以通过磁场反转显示和消失，在外部近红外照射下，Janus 微生物球可以产生上转换荧光，实现多色显示。Janus 微生物球还应用于银行卡的两侧，根据不同的响应模式设计了各种读取信息方法，在图案显示、响应材料和防伪等方面具有重要作用。（C）2021 Elsevier Inc. 版权所有。

[397] A Systematic Literature Review of Frequency of Vaso-Occlusive Crises in Sickle Cell Disease Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 2021, 16(1): 460. Background and purpose Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a collection of rare inherited blood disorders affecting approximately 100,000 people in the U.S. and 20-25 million people globally. Individuals with SCD experience recurrent episodes of severe and unpredictable pain that are caused by vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs), a hallmark of the disease. VOCs are the primary cause of hospitalization in SCD, result in missed workdays and school days, and decrease quality of life (QoL). Although VOCs cause significant burden in the lives of individuals with SCD, there is no synthesis on the frequency of VOCs in the real world. This systematic literature review sought to identify literature describing the frequency of VOCs experienced by individuals with SCD in real-world settings. Methods MEDLINE and 6 congresses were searched (date range: January 1, 2000 to June 30, 2020). Studies were reviewed independently by two researchers. Studies assessing frequency or prevalence of VOCs or VOC-related outcomes were included. Results Of 1438 studies identified in the search, 52 met pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Reported frequency of VOCs varied widely ranging from a mean or median of 0 VOCs/year to 18.2 VOCs/year. The proportion of patients experiencing >= 3 VOCs/year ranged from 4 to 67% and the proportion of patients experiencing >= 5 VOCs/year ranged from 18 to 59%. Measures of VOC severity were limited, with 13 studies considering frequency of complicated VOCs and only 1 study reporting duration of VOC episodes. Conclusions This is the first study to systematically assess published evidence pertaining to VOCs in real-world settings. Reported VOC frequency in real-world settings varied widely, with a majority of studies only considering VOCs managed in an inpatient or outpatient setting. Studies that considered VOCs managed at home reported a higher frequency of VOCs, suggesting that many studies may underestimate the frequency of VOCs. This systematic literature review (SLR) highlights the need for consistent reporting of (1) self-reported VOCs, including those managed at home, (2) definitions of VOCs, (3) complicated VOCs, and (4) duration of VOC episodes in literature.
[397] 疾病罕见症孤儿症杂志对镰状细胞病血管闭塞性危象发生频率的系统文献综述，Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases，2021，16(1): 460。背景和目的 镰状细胞病（SCD）是一组罕见遗传性血液疾病，在美国大约影响 10 万人，全球有 2000 万至 2500 万人。患有 SCD 的个人会经历由血管闭塞性危象（VOCs）引起的反复发作的严重和不可预测的疼痛，这是该疾病的一个特征。VOCs 是 SCD 住院的主要原因，导致工作日和学校日缺失，并降低生活质量（QoL）。尽管 VOCs 给 SCD 患者的日常生活带来了重大负担，但关于现实世界中 VOCs 发生频率的综述尚不存在。这项系统文献综述旨在确定描述 SCD 患者在现实环境中经历 VOCs 发生频率的文献。方法 检索了 MEDLINE 和 6 个会议（时间范围：2000 年 1 月 1 日至 2020 年 6 月 30 日）。由两名研究人员独立审查了研究。包括评估 VOCs 频率或流行率或与 VOCs 相关结果的研究。 搜索到的 1438 项研究的成果中，有 52 项符合预先设定的纳入和排除标准。VOCs 的报道频率差异很大，从每年 0 个 VOCs 到 18.2 个 VOCs 不等。每年经历≥3 个 VOCs 的患者比例在 4%到 67%之间，而每年经历≥5 个 VOCs 的患者比例在 18%到 59%之间。VOCs 严重程度的测量有限，有 13 项研究考虑了复杂 VOCs 的频率，只有 1 项研究报道了 VOCs 发作的持续时间。结论这是第一个系统地评估关于现实环境中 VOCs 发表证据的研究。现实环境中的 VOCs 报道频率差异很大，大多数研究仅考虑了住院或门诊环境中管理的 VOCs。考虑在家管理的 VOCs 的研究报告了更高的 VOCs 频率，这表明许多研究可能低估了 VOCs 的频率。这项系统文献综述（SLR）强调了在文献中一致报告（1）自我报告的 VOCs，包括在家管理的 VOCs，（2）VOCs 的定义，（3）复杂 VOCs 和（4）VOCs 发作持续时间的必要性。

[398] Precisely Defining Local Gradients of Stimuli‐Responsive Hydrogels for Complex 2d‐to‐4d Shape Evolutions Small, 2021, 18(2): 2104440-2104447. Abstract The intellectualization and complication of existing self-shaping materials are limited by the inseparable monotonic relationship between their deformation rate and deformation degree (i.e., a higher deformation rate is accompanied by a high deformation degree). This causes that they can only deform from 2D to 3D states. Here, a simple yet versatile strategy to decouple the monotonic correlation between the deformation rate and deformation degree of self-shaping hydrogels is presented for achieving complex deformations from 2D to temporary 3D to 3D (2D-to-4D). It is demonstrated that when the gradient hydrogels prepared by photopolymerization possess dense polymer networks, the local regions with a high deformation rate can exhibit a low deformation degree. The resulting hydrogels can thus deform in a novel 2D-to-4D mode under external stimuli. During the deformation, they first transform into the temporary shapes induced by the local deformation rate difference, and then transform into the final shapes determined by the local deformation degree difference. Through controlling the ultraviolet irradiation direction and time to precisely program the local gradients of self-shaping hydrogels, they can be designed to produce various unprecedented yet controllable 2D-to-4D shape evolutions on demand, such as transformable origami, sequential gesture actions in finger-guessing games, mobile octopuses, time switch, etc.
精确定义刺激响应水凝胶的局部梯度以实现复杂的 2D 到 4D 形状演变 小型，2021，18(2)：2104440-2104447。摘要 现有自变形材料的智能化和复杂化受到其变形速率与变形程度之间不可分割的单调关系的限制（即较高的变形速率伴随着较高的变形程度）。这导致它们只能从 2D 状态变形到 3D 状态。在这里，提出了一种简单而通用的策略，以解耦自变形水凝胶的变形速率与变形程度之间的单调相关性，以实现从 2D 到临时 3D 再到 3D（2D-to-4D）的复杂变形。研究表明，当通过光聚合制备的梯度水凝胶具有致密的聚合物网络时，高变形速率的局部区域可以表现出低变形程度。因此，所得水凝胶可以在外部刺激下以新颖的 2D-to-4D 模式变形。 在变形过程中，它们首先转变为由局部变形速率差异诱导的临时形状，然后转变为由局部变形程度差异决定的最终形状。通过控制紫外照射方向和时间，精确编程自塑水凝胶的局部梯度，可以设计出在需求下产生各种前所未有的可控 2D 到 4D 形状演变，例如可变形折纸、手指猜谜游戏的连续手势动作、移动章鱼、时间切换等。

[399] Konjac Glucomannan (Kgm), Deacetylated Kgm (Da-Kgm), and Degraded Kgm Derivatives: A Special Focus on Colloidal Nutrition Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2021, 69(44): 12921-12932. Konjac flour, mainly obtained and purified from the tubers ofAmorphophallus konjac C. Koch, yields a high molecular weight (M-w) and viscous hydrocolloidal polysaccharide: konjac glucomannan (KGM). KGM has been widely applied in the food industry as a thickening and gelation agent as a result of its unique colloidal properties of effective viscosity enhancement and thermal-irreversible gelling. This review first narrates the typical commercial KGM source species, the industrial production, and the purification process of KGM flour. The structural information on native KGM, gelation mechanisms of alkali-induced deacetylated KGM (Da-KGM) hydrogel, progress on degraded KGM derivatives, cryoprotection effect, and colloidal nutrition are highlighted. Finally, the regulatory requirements of konjac flour and KGM among different countries are briefly introduced. The fine structure and physicochemical properties of KGM can be regulated in a great range via the deacetylation or degradation reaction. Here, the relationship between the physicochemical properties, such as viscosity, solubility, gelation, and nutritional effects, of native KGM, Da-KGM, and degraded KGM derivatives was preliminary established, which would provide theoretical guidance for designing KGM-based products with certain nutritional needs.
[399] 魔芋甘露聚糖（Kgm）、脱乙酰化 Kgm 和降解 Kgm 衍生物：对胶体营养的特别关注，《农业与食品化学杂志》，2021，69(44)：12921-12932。魔芋粉主要从块茎植物 Amorphophallus konjac C. Koch 中提取和纯化，产生一种高分子量（M-w）和粘稠的亲水多糖：魔芋甘露聚糖（KGM）。由于 KGM 具有独特的胶体性质，如有效粘度增强和热不可逆凝胶化，因此被广泛应用于食品工业作为增稠和凝胶剂。本综述首先叙述了典型的商业 KGM 来源物种、KGM 粉的工业生产和纯化过程。突出了天然 KGM 的结构信息、碱诱导脱乙酰化 KGM（Da-KGM）水凝胶的凝胶机制、降解 KGM 衍生物的进展、冷冻保护效果和胶体营养。最后，简要介绍了不同国家对魔芋粉和 KGM 的监管要求。 KGM 的精细结构和物化性质可以通过脱乙酰化或降解反应在很大范围内进行调节。在这里，初步建立了天然 KGM、Da-KGM 和降解 KGM 衍生物的物化性质（如粘度、溶解度、凝胶化）和营养效果之间的关系，这将为设计满足特定营养需求的 KGM 基产品提供理论指导。

[400] Characteristics and Sources of Volatile Organic Compounds During Pollution Episodes and Clean Periods in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 799: 149491. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play an important role in air pollution. In this study, we conducted comprehensive field observations to investigate wintertime air pollution in Beijing, Wangdu, and Dezhou in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region during 2017 and 2018. The average VOC concentrations of the three sites were 35.6 +/- 26.6, 70.9 +/- 56.3, and 50.5 +/- 40.0 ppbv, respectively. The species with the highest concentration were similar in all three sites and included ethane, ethylene, acetylene, acetone, and toluene. The VOC mixing ratios of the three sites showed synchronous growth during pollution episodes and were 1.2-2 times higher than those during clean periods. Moreover, the OH loss rates (L-OH) during pollution episodes were 1.2-1.7 times that during clean periods. The crucial reactive spedes in the three sites were ethylene, propylene, and acetaldehyde, contributing approximately 70% to the total L-OH during pollution periods. According to the source apportionment analysis, vehicle exhausts were the largest source of VOCs in Beijing, accounting for more than 50% of the total emissions. During the pollution episodes, Beijing's industrial emissions decreased, but the secondary and background sources increased. Coal combustion was significant (approximately 40%) in Wangdu and should therefore be prioritized in emission reduction policies. In Dezhou, industrial emissions had a considerable impact on the VOC mixing ratio during pollution periods and should therefore be prioritized. The backward trajectory analysis showed that VOCs from the southern region likely contribute to Beijing's VOC pollution, highlighting the importance of regional integration for air quality management. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
[400] 北京-天津-河北地区污染期和清洁期间挥发性有机化合物的特征和来源《环境科学总论》，2021，799: 149491。挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）在空气污染中起着重要作用。在本研究中，我们对 2017 年和 2018 年冬季北京、王都和德州地区的空气污染进行了全面的现场观测。三个地点的平均 VOC 浓度分别为 35.6 +/- 26.6、70.9 +/- 56.3 和 50.5 +/- 40.0 ppbv。浓度最高的物种在三个地点相似，包括乙烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙酮和甲苯。三个地点的 VOC 混合比在污染期间同步增长，是清洁期间的 1.2-2 倍。此外，污染期间的 OH 损失率（L-OH）是清洁期间的 1.2-1.7 倍。三个地点的关键活性物种是乙烯、丙烯和乙醛，在污染期间占总 L-OH 的约 70%。 根据源解析分析，车辆尾气是北京 VOCs 的最大来源，占总排放量的 50%以上。在污染期间，北京的工业排放量下降，但二次和背景源增加。在王都，煤炭燃烧的影响显著（约 40%），因此应在减排政策中优先考虑。在德州，工业排放对污染期间的 VOC 混合比有相当大的影响，因此应优先考虑。后向轨迹分析表明，南部地区的 VOCs 可能对北京的 VOC 污染有贡献，突出了区域整合在空气质量管理中的重要性。（C）2021 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[401] Beyond the Visible: Bioinspired Infrared Adaptive Materials Advanced Materials, 2021, 33(14): e2004754. Infrared (IR) adaptation phenomena are ubiquitous in nature and biological systems. Taking inspiration from natural creatures, researchers have devoted extensive efforts for developing advanced IR adaptive materials and exploring their applications in areas of smart camouflage, thermal energy management, biomedical science, and many other IR-related technological fields. Herein, an up-to-date review is provided on the recent advancements of bioinspired IR adaptive materials and their promising applications. First an overview of IR adaptation in nature and advanced artificial IR technologies is presented. Recent endeavors are then introduced toward developing bioinspired adaptive materials for IR camouflage and IR radiative cooling. According to the Stefan-Boltzmann law, IR camouflage can be realized by either emissivity engineering or thermal cloaks. IR radiative cooling can maximize the thermal radiation of an object through an IR atmospheric transparency window, and thus holds great potential for use in energy-efficient green buildings and smart personal thermal management systems. Recent advances in bioinspired adaptive materials for emerging near-IR (NIR) applications are also discussed, including NIR-triggered biological technologies, NIR light-fueled soft robotics, and NIR light-driven supramolecular nanosystems. This review concludes with a perspective on the challenges and opportunities for the future development of bioinspired IR adaptive materials.
[401] 超越可见：生物启发红外自适应材料 高分子材料科学，2021，33(14)：e2004754。红外（IR）自适应现象在自然界和生物系统中普遍存在。从自然生物中汲取灵感，研究人员投入了大量努力开发先进的红外自适应材料，并探索其在智能伪装、热能管理、生物医学科学以及其他许多红外相关技术领域的应用。本文对生物启发红外自适应材料及其有前景的应用的最新进展进行了综述。首先介绍了自然界中的红外自适应和先进的人工红外技术概述。然后介绍了开发用于红外伪装和红外辐射冷却的生物启发自适应材料的研究进展。根据斯特藩-玻尔兹曼定律，红外伪装可以通过发射率工程或热隐身来实现。 红外辐射冷却可以通过红外大气透明窗口最大化物体的热辐射，因此在节能型绿色建筑和智能个人热管理系统中有很大的应用潜力。本文还讨论了用于新兴近红外（NIR）应用的生物启发自适应材料的研究进展，包括 NIR 触发的生物技术、NIR 光驱动的软体机器人和 NIR 光驱动的超分子纳米系统。本综述最后对生物启发红外自适应材料未来发展的挑战和机遇进行了展望。

[402] Advanced Applications of Chitosan-Based Hydrogels: From Biosensors to Intelligent Food Packaging System Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2021, 110: 822-832. Background: As the only natural cationic polysaccharide, chitosan (CH) have several bioactivities. Moreover, CH was the ideal biomaterial for the preparation of hydrogels that have desirable biocompatibility and biodegradability. CH-based hydrogels have been extensively reported for their applications in delivery system and tissue engineering. Furthermore, CH-based hydrogels have shown great potential and attracted considerable attention in recent years for biosensors and packaging materials. Scope and approach: This review aims to discuss the favorable properties and advantage of CH-based hydrogels through introducing different types of CH-based hydrogels, and extend these properties to their application in biosensors. Finally, combining the above-mentioned advantages and characteristics (excellent bioactivities, stimuli responsiveness, embedding ability, swelling, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and low-cost), the potential of CH-based hydrogels for application in intelligent food packaging systems is analyzed. Key findings and conclusions: CH-based hydrogels, a hydrophilic, high-water content biomaterial, have a variety of applications, which are closely related to its excellent properties such as good swelling capacity and embedding ability. Different types of CH-based hydrogels have different working mechanism and extensive application prospect in delivery system and tissue engineering. Moreover, CH-based hydrogels can respond to external stimuli and convert environmental signal to a measurable signal output through its swelling behavior or embedding bioactive substance that can interact with an input element, which has been used as biosensors in various fields. Combining its favorable antibacterial, antioxidant activity and good biodegradability, CH-based hydrogels have great application potential in intelligent food packaging system.
[402] 基于壳聚糖水凝胶的先进应用：从生物传感器到智能食品包装系统趋势——食品科学与技术，2021，110：822-832。背景：作为唯一的天然阳离子多糖，壳聚糖（CH）具有多种生物活性。此外，CH 是制备具有良好生物相容性和生物降解性的水凝胶的理想生物材料。基于 CH 的水凝胶在递送系统和组织工程中的应用已被广泛报道。此外，基于 CH 的水凝胶近年来在生物传感器和包装材料方面显示出巨大潜力，并引起了广泛关注。范围和方法：本综述旨在通过介绍不同类型的基于 CH 的水凝胶，讨论 CH 基水凝胶的有利特性和优势，并将这些特性扩展到其在生物传感器中的应用。最后，结合上述优点和特性（优异的生物活性、刺激响应性、嵌入能力、溶胀性、生物降解性、无毒性和低成本），分析了基于 CH 的水凝胶在智能食品包装系统中的应用潜力。 关键发现和结论：基于 CH 的亲水凝胶，一种高含水量生物材料，具有多种应用，与其优异的性能密切相关，如良好的溶胀能力和嵌入能力。不同类型的基于 CH 的亲水凝胶具有不同的工作机制，在递送系统和组织工程领域具有广泛的应用前景。此外，基于 CH 的亲水凝胶可以对外部刺激做出反应，通过其溶胀行为或嵌入可以与输入元素相互作用的生物活性物质，将其环境信号转换为可测量的信号输出，已被用作各个领域的生物传感器。结合其有利的抗菌、抗氧化活性和良好的生物降解性，基于 CH 的亲水凝胶在智能食品包装系统中具有巨大的应用潜力。

[403] Calcium-Crosslinked Alginate-Encapsulated Bacteria for Remediating of Cadmium-Polluted Water and Production of Cds Nanoparticles Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2021, 105(5): 2171-2179. Pollution with the heavy metal cadmium (Cd2+) is a global problem. Cadmium adversely affects living organisms, highlighting the need to develop new methods for removal of this pollutant from the environment. In this study, we used a novel biomaterial based on calcium-crosslinked alginate-encapsulated bacteria to precipitate Cd2+ in polluted water. Our results show that calcium-crosslinked alginate-encapsulated bacteria effectively removed Cd2+ ions from cadmium-polluted water. Approximately 100% of Cd2+ ions were removed by 10 g (wet weight) of this biomaterial when the loading concentration of Cd2+ reached 1 mM in a volume of 50 ml water. During this process, a CdS nanoparticle, showing good crystallinity in the quantum range, was simultaneously produced. To validate the activity and stability of this biomaterial, we measured cysteine desulfhydrase activity in the stored biomaterial and whether this biomaterial could be recycled. The encapsulated bacteria maintained catalytic activity for at least 2 weeks. The capsules were easily regenerated and possessed good recyclability. Our results indicated that calcium-crosslinked alginate-encapsulated bacteria are suitable for depletion of Cd2+ in polluted water and for production of CdS nanoparticles. These calcium-crosslinked alginate-encapsulated bacteria are safe for biological manipulation and can be widely used to produce CdS nanoparticles during bioremediation of Cd2+-polluted water.
[403] 钙交联藻酸盐包覆细菌用于修复镉污染水及生产 Cds 纳米粒子 应用微生物学和技术，2021，105(5)：2171-2179。重金属镉（Cd2+）污染是全球性问题。镉对生物体有害，突显了开发从环境中去除这种污染物的新方法的需求。在本研究中，我们使用了一种基于钙交联藻酸盐包覆细菌的新型生物材料，以沉淀污染水中的 Cd2+。我们的结果表明，钙交联藻酸盐包覆细菌有效地从镉污染水中去除 Cd2+离子。当 Cd2+的负载浓度达到 1 mM，在 50 ml 水中时，10 g（湿重）的这种生物材料可去除约 100%的 Cd2+离子。在此过程中，同时产生了一种在量子范围内表现出良好结晶性的 CdS 纳米粒子。为了验证这种生物材料的活性和稳定性，我们测量了储存的生物材料中的半胱氨酸脱硫酶活性，以及这种生物材料是否可回收。 封装的细菌至少保持了 2 周的催化活性。胶囊易于再生，具有良好的可回收性。我们的结果表明，钙交联的海藻酸盐封装细菌适用于污染水中 Cd2+的去除和 CdS 纳米粒子的生产。这些钙交联的海藻酸盐封装细菌对生物操作是安全的，并且可以广泛用于在 Cd2+-污染水的生物修复过程中生产 CdS 纳米粒子。

[404] Selected Phase Separation Renders High Strength and Toughness to Polyacrylamide/Alginate Hydrogels with Large-Scale Cross-Linking Zones ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2021, 13(21): 25383-25391. High water content usually contradicts the mechanics for hydrogels, and achieving both characteristics is extremely challenging. Herein, a novel confined-chain-aggregation (CCA) strategy is developed to fabricate ultrastrong and tough hydrogels without sacrificing their inherent water capacity. Based on the popular polyacrylamide/alginate (PAAm/Alg) system with a double network (DN), a poor solvent exchange is induced once PAAm is fully cross-linked but prior to ionic cross-linking of alginate. In this case, the alginate chains are restricted by the chemical PAAm network and undergo a confined-chain aggregation, which guarantees an interpenetrating network of both polymers and simultaneously generates micron-scale aggregates. In addition, after the subsequent water uptake, the accompanying formation of hydrogen bonds and metal ligand coordination stabilizes the newly formed alginate aggregates, serving as large-scale cross-linking zones. However, the PAAm chains are anchored by the preformed cross-linking points and convert back to the uniformly distributed, high-water-content state, achieving a selected phase separation in a DN system. The combined CCA and hybrid cation cross-linking method gives mechanical strength and toughness to the PAAm/Alg hydrogels to reach approximately 30 and 5 times the traditional methods, respectively. This investigation provides a general strategy for the development of a new generation of double-network hydrogels, which will expand their application as structural materials for cartilage and soft robotics.
[404] 选择性相分离赋予聚丙烯酰胺/海藻酸盐水凝胶高强度和韧性，具有大规模交联区域，ACS 应用材料与界面，2021，13(21)：25383-25391。高水分含量通常与水凝胶的力学特性相矛盾，同时实现这两种特性极具挑战性。在此，开发了一种新型受限链聚集（CCA）策略，以在不牺牲其固有水分容量的情况下制造超强度和韧性的水凝胶。基于流行的聚丙烯酰胺/海藻酸盐（PAAm/Alg）双网络（DN）系统，一旦 PAAm 完全交联，但在海藻酸盐离子交联之前，诱导一次不良溶剂交换。在这种情况下，海藻酸盐链受到化学 PAAm 网络的限制，发生受限链聚集，这保证了两种聚合物相互渗透的网络，并同时生成微米级聚集体。此外，在随后的吸水后，伴随氢键和金属配位体的形成稳定了新形成的海藻酸盐聚集体，作为大规模交联区域。 然而，PAAm 链通过预形成的交联点锚定，并重新转化为均匀分布、高水分含量状态，在 DN 系统中实现选定的相分离。结合 CCA 和混合阳离子交联方法，赋予 PAAm/Alg 水凝胶机械强度和韧性，分别达到传统方法的约 30 倍和 5 倍。这项研究为新一代双网络水凝胶的开发提供了一般策略，这将扩大其在软骨和软体机器人结构材料中的应用。

[405] Carbon Dots Promoted Photonic Crystal for Optical Information Storage and Sensing Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021, 415: 128950-128959. Photonic crystals (PCs) with crack-free morphology, high-saturated structural color and sensitivity to circumstances are expanding their applications in painting, sensor, optical coding and information technology. Herein, we incorporated functionalized carbon dots (CDs) onto polystyrene@poly(methyl methacylate-co-acrylic acid) (PS@P(MMA-AA)) colloidal particles via strong covalent bonding. Thanks to the abundant hydrogen bonding groups on the CDs, as-prepared CDs/PS@P(MMA-AA) PC film exhibits highly-crystalline morphology, brilliant structural color and fluorescence characteristics. By means of microfluidics technique, CDs/PS@P(MMA-AA) PC supraballs with angle-independent structural color for optical display and encoding are also demonstrated. Moreover, the magnetism/optics dual-functional Janus and hierarchical molecular-analogue supraballs are fabricated through the triphase microfluidic device and magnetism-induced assembly, bringing about a switchable behavior of PC supraballs in external magnetic field, which are further employed as the pixel points in the panel to store and display the quick response (QR) code information. Ultimately, combined with sensitive hydrogel, the CDs/PS@P(MMA-AA) PC hydrogel is not only imparted with an intriguing mechanochromic property, but also showing the rapid response to pH value. The CDs promoted PS@P(MMA-AA) PCs with various attractive optical properties offer a potential strategy of robust PC film/supraball construction for anticounterfeiting, optical display, sensors and antireflection coatings.
[405] 碳点促进光子晶体在光学信息存储和传感中的应用 化学工程学报，2021，415：128950-128959。具有无裂纹形态、高饱和结构色和对环境敏感性的光子晶体（PCs）正在扩展其在绘画、传感器、光学编码和信息技术中的应用。在此，我们通过强共价键将功能化碳点（CDs）引入到聚苯乙烯@聚（甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸）(PS@P(MMA-AA))胶体颗粒中。由于 CDs 上丰富的氢键配位基团，所制备的 CDs/PS@P(MMA-AA) PC 薄膜表现出高度结晶形态、明亮的结构色和荧光特性。通过微流控技术，还展示了具有角度无关结构色用于光学显示和编码的 CDs/PS@P(MMA-AA) PC 超球体。 此外，通过三相微流控装置和磁诱导组装，制备了磁性/光学双功能 Janus 和分级分子类似超球体，实现了 PC 超球体在外部磁场中的可切换行为，这些超球体进一步被用作面板中的像素点以存储和显示快速响应（QR）码信息。最终，结合敏感水凝胶，CDs/PS@P(MMA-AA) PC 水凝胶不仅赋予了有趣的机械变色性能，还能快速响应 pH 值。具有各种吸引人光学性质的 CDs 促进的 PS@P(MMA-AA) PC 超球体为防伪、光学显示、传感器和防反射涂层提供了潜在的 PC 薄膜/超球体构建策略。

[406] Biomechanical Energy Harvesters Based on Ionic Conductive Organohydrogels Via the Hofmeister Effect and Electrostatic Interaction ACS Nano, 2021, 15(8): 13427-13435. The recent use of cryoprotectant replacement method for solving the easy drying problem of hydrogels has attracted increasing research interest. However, the conductivity decrease of organohydrogels due to the induced insulating solvent limited their electronic applications. Herein, we introduce the Hofmeister effect and electrostatic interaction to generate hydrogen and sodium bonds in the hydrogel. Combined with its double network, an effective charge channel that will not be affected by the solvent replacement, is therefore built. The developed organohydrogel-based single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator (OHS-TENG) shows low conductivity decrease (one order) and high output (1.02-1.81 W/m(2)), which is much better than reported OHS-TENGs (2-3 orders, 41.2-710 mW/m(2)). Moreover, replacing water with glycerol in the hydrogel enables the device to exhibit excellent long-term stability (four months) and temperature tolerance (-50-100 degrees C). The presented strategy and mechanism can be extended to common organohydrogel systems aiming at high performance in electronic applications.
基于霍夫迈斯特效应和静电作用的离子导电有机水凝胶生物力学能量收集器 ACS Nano，2021，15(8)：13427-13435。最近，使用冷冻保护剂替代方法来解决水凝胶易干燥问题引起了越来越多的研究兴趣。然而，由于诱导的绝缘溶剂导致有机水凝胶的导电性降低，限制了它们的电子应用。在此，我们引入霍夫迈斯特效应和静电作用在凝胶中产生氢键和钠键。结合其双网络结构，因此构建了一个不受溶剂替换影响的有效电荷通道。开发的基于有机水凝胶的单电极摩擦纳米发电机（OHS-TENG）表现出低导电性降低（一个数量级）和高输出（1.02-1.81 W/m²），这比报道的 OHS-TENGs（2-3 个数量级，41.2-710 mW/m²）要好得多。此外，在凝胶中将水替换为甘油，使设备能够表现出优异的长期稳定性（四个月）和温度耐受性（-50-100 摄氏度）。 所提出的策略和机制可以扩展到常见的有机水凝胶系统，旨在电子应用中实现高性能。

[407] Artificial Chameleon Skin with Super-Sensitive Thermal and Mechanochromic Response ACS Nano, 2021, 15(10): 15720-15729. Both the nonclose-packed structure and the large refractive index contrast of guanine nanocrystals and cytosols in iridophores play a vital role in the dynamic camouflage of chameleons, including the bright skin color and color tuning sensitivity to external stimulus. Here, the nonclose-packed photonic crystals consisting of ZnS nanospheres and polymers, which have similar refractive indices with guanine nanocrystals and cytosols, respectively, are constructed by a two-step filling strategy. ZnS@SiO2 nanospheres are self-assembled to build intermediate close-packed photonic crystals followed by filling polymers in their interstices. The nonclose-packed photonic crystal is successfully achieved when the silica portion is etched by HF solution and refilled by polymers. Excitingly, the stimulus response of the designed photonic crystal is as sensitive as the skin of chameleons due to the similar contrast of refractive indices and nonclose-packed structure. The reflection peak of the structure can blue-shift more than 200 nm as the temperature increases from 30 to 55 degrees C or under 20% compressional strain. This work not only builds the nonclose-packed photonic crystals by introducing a two-step filling strategy but also proves that high refractive contrast in photonic crystals is an effective strategy to achieve ultrasensitivity, which is highly desirable for various applications.
[407] 人工变色龙皮肤具有超敏感的热和机械色变响应 ACS Nano，2021，15(10)：15720-15729。非紧密堆积结构以及鸟嘌呤纳米晶体和细胞质在虹膜中的大折射率对比在变色龙动态伪装中起着至关重要的作用，包括鲜艳的皮肤颜色和对外部刺激的颜色调谐敏感性。在这里，通过两步填充策略构建了由 ZnS 纳米球和聚合物组成的非紧密堆积光子晶体，这些纳米球和聚合物分别与鸟嘌呤纳米晶体和细胞质具有相似的折射率。ZnS@SiO2 纳米球通过自组装构建中间紧密堆积光子晶体，随后在它们的间隙中填充聚合物。当使用 HF 溶液刻蚀二氧化硅部分并由聚合物重新填充时，成功实现了非紧密堆积光子晶体。令人兴奋的是，由于折射率对比和类似非紧密堆积结构，设计的光子晶体的刺激响应与变色龙皮肤一样敏感。 该结构的反射峰随着温度从 30°C 增加到 55°C 或承受低于 20%的压缩应变时，可以蓝移超过 200 nm。这项工作不仅通过引入两步填充策略构建了非密堆积光子晶体，而且还证明了在光子晶体中实现高折射率对比度是一种有效的策略，以实现超灵敏度，这对于各种应用来说是非常理想的。

[408] Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogels with Broad-Range Tunable Mechanical Properties Via the Hofmeister Effect Advanced Materials, 2021, 33(11): 2007829-2007837. Hydrogels, exhibiting wide applications in soft robotics, tissue engineering, implantable electronics, etc., often require sophisticately tailoring of the hydrogel mechanical properties to meet specific demands. For examples, soft robotics necessitates tough hydrogels; stem cell culturing demands various tissue-matching modulus; and neuron probes desire dynamically tunable modulus. Herein, a strategy to broadly alter the mechanical properties of hydrogels reversibly via tuning the aggregation states of the polymer chains by ions based on the Hofmeister effect is reported. An ultratough poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel as an exemplary material (toughness 150 +/- 20 MJ m(-3)), which surpasses synthetic polymers like poly(dimethylsiloxane), synthetic rubber, and natural spider silk is fabricated. With various ions, the hydrogel's various mechanical properties are continuously and reversibly in situ modulated over a large window: tensile strength from 50 +/- 9 kPa to 15 +/- 1 MPa, toughness from 0.0167 +/- 0.003 to 150 +/- 20 MJ m(-3), elongation from 300 +/- 100% to 2100 +/- 300%, and modulus from 24 +/- 2 to 2500 +/- 140 kPa. Importantly, the ions serve as gelation triggers and property modulators only, not necessarily required to remain in the gel, maintaining the high biocompatibility of PVA without excess ions. This strategy, enabling high mechanical performance and broad dynamic tunability, presents a universal platform for broad applications from biomedicine to wearable electronics.
[408] 通过霍夫迈斯特效应调节聚合物链的聚集状态，实现具有广泛可调机械性能的聚乙烯醇水凝胶《先进材料》，2021，33(11)：2007829-2007837。水凝胶在软体机器人、组织工程、植入式电子设备等领域具有广泛的应用，通常需要精细调整水凝胶的机械性能以满足特定需求。例如，软体机器人需要坚韧的水凝胶；干细胞培养需要各种与组织匹配的模量；神经元探针需要动态可调的模量。本文报道了一种通过离子调节聚合物链的聚集状态，基于霍夫迈斯特效应广泛改变水凝胶机械性能的策略。制备了一种超坚韧的聚乙烯醇（PVA）水凝胶作为典型材料（韧性 150 +/- 20 MJ m(-3)），其性能超越聚二甲基硅氧烷、合成橡胶和天然蜘蛛丝等合成聚合物。 使用各种离子，水凝胶的多种力学性能在较大范围内持续且可逆地原位调节：抗拉强度从 50 +/- 9 kPa 调节到 15 +/- 1 MPa，韧性从 0.0167 +/- 0.003 调节到 150 +/- 20 MJ m(-3)，伸长率从 300 +/- 100%调节到 2100 +/- 300%，模量从 24 +/- 2 调节到 2500 +/- 140 kPa。重要的是，这些离子仅作为凝胶化触发剂和性能调节剂，不一定需要留在凝胶中，从而保持 PVA 的高生物相容性，不会有过量的离子。这种策略，能够实现高机械性能和广泛的动态可调性，为从生物医药到可穿戴电子设备等广泛应用提供了一个通用平台。

[409] Rapid and Scalable Fabrication of Ultra‐Stretchable, Anti‐Freezing Conductive Gels by Cononsolvency Effect EcoMat, 2021, 3(2).
[409] 通过共溶剂效应快速且可扩展地制备超可拉伸、抗冻导电凝胶，EcoMat，2021，3(2)。

[410] Recent Progress in the Shape Deformation of Polymeric Hydrogels from Memory to Actuation Chemical Science, 2021, 12(19): 6472-6487. Shape deformation hydrogels, which are one of the most promising and essential classes of stimuli-responsive polymers, could provide large-scale and reversible deformation under external stimuli. Due to their wet and soft properties, shape deformation hydrogels are anticipated to be a candidate for the exploration of biomimetic materials, and have shown various potential applications in many fields. Here, an overview of the mechanisms of shape deformation hydrogels and methods for their preparation is presented. Some innovative and efficient strategies to fabricate programmable deformation hydrogels are then introduced. Moreover, successful explorations of their potential applications, including information encryption, soft robots and bionomic systems, are discussed. Finally, remaining great challenges including the achievement of multiple stable deformation states and the combination of shape deformation and sensing are highlighted.
[410] 聚合物水凝胶形状变形的最新进展：从记忆到驱动 化学科学，2021，12(19)：6472-6487。形状变形水凝胶是刺激响应聚合物中最有前景和最基本的一类，能够在外部刺激下提供大规模和可逆的变形。由于其湿软特性，形状变形水凝胶有望成为生物模拟材料探索的候选者，并在许多领域显示出各种潜在应用。在此，介绍了形状变形水凝胶的机制及其制备方法。然后介绍了制造可编程变形水凝胶的一些创新和高效策略。此外，还讨论了其在信息加密、软体机器人和仿生系统等领域的潜在应用的成功探索。最后，强调了包括实现多个稳定变形状态和形状变形与传感的结合在内的剩余重大挑战。

[411] Cephalopod-Inspired Chromotropic Ionic Skin with Rapid Visual Sensing Capabilities to Multiple Stimuli ACS Nano, 2021, 15(2): 3509-3521. Biological skin systems can perceive various external stimuli through ion transduction. Especially, the skin of some advanced organisms such as cephalopods can further promptly change body color by manipulating photonic nanostructures. However, the current skin-inspired soft iontronics lack the rapid full-color switching ability to respond to multiple stimuli including tension, pressure, and temperature. Here, an intelligent chromotropic iontronics with these fascinating functions is developed by constructing a biomimetic ultrastructure with anisotropic electrostatic repulsion. This skin-like chromotropic iontronics can synchronously realize electrical response and optical visualization to mechanical strain and tactile sensation by adjusting the ultrastructure in cooperation with ionic mechanotransduction. Notably, it can perform instantaneous geometric changes to thermal stimuli via an anisotropic electrostatic repulsion interior. Such a capability allows bionic skin to transduce temperature or infrared light into ionic signals and color changes in real time. The design of anisotropic photonic nanostructures expands the intelligent application for soft iontronics at higher levels, providing a concise, multifunctional, interactive sensing platform that dynamically displays stimuli information on its body.
[411] 受章鱼启发的快速视觉传感多刺激响应色变离子皮肤 ACS Nano，2021，15（2）：3509-3521。生物皮肤系统可以通过离子转导感知各种外部刺激。特别是，一些高级生物如章鱼的皮肤可以通过操纵光子纳米结构进一步迅速改变体色。然而，目前受皮肤启发的软离子电子学缺乏对包括张力、压力和温度在内的多种刺激进行快速全色切换的能力。在这里，通过构建具有各向异性静电排斥的生物模拟超结构，开发了一种具有这些迷人功能的智能色变离子电子学。这种类似皮肤的色变离子电子学可以通过与离子机械转导合作调整超结构，同步实现电响应和光学可视化对机械应变和触觉感觉。值得注意的是，它可以通过各向异性静电排斥内部对热刺激进行瞬时几何变化。 这种能力使得仿生皮肤能够实时将温度或红外光转化为离子信号和颜色变化。各向异性光子纳米结构的设计扩展了软离子电子学在更高层次上的智能应用，提供了一种简洁、多功能、交互式传感平台，能够在其表面动态显示刺激信息。

[412] Polyacrylamide Hydrogels. Iii. Lap Shear and Peel Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2021, 150. Lap shear and peel are common tests for soft materials. Their results, however, are rarely compared. Here we compare lap shear and peel as tests for measuring toughness. We prepare specimens for both tests by using stiff layers to sandwich a layer of a polyacrylamide hydrogel. We introduce a cut in the hydrogel by scissors, pull one stiff layer at constant velocity, and record the force. In lap shear, the force peaks and then drops to zero, the cut grows unstably through the entire hydrogel, and the peak force is used to determine toughness. In peel, the force peaks and then drops to a plateau, the cut grows in the hydrogel in steady state, and the plateau force is used to determine toughness. Our experimental data show that the average values of toughness determined by lap shear and peel are comparable. The peak forces in both tests scatter significantly, but the plateau force in peel scatters narrowly. Consequently, toughness determined by lap shear scatters more than toughness determined by peel. We hypothesize that the peak forces scatter mainly due to the statistical variation of the cuts made by scissors, and test the hypothesis using two additional sets of experiments. First, after a cut is made by scissors, we pre-peel the specimen to extend the cut somewhat, and then measure toughness by lap shear and peel. The peak force in lap shear scatters less, and the peak force in peel is removed. Second, we prepare cuts using spacers of various thicknesses, and find that the peak forces in both lap shear and peel vary with the thickness of the spacer. These findings clarify the use of lap shear and peel to characterize soft materials.
聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶。III. 拉伸剪切和剥离试验，《固体力学与物理》杂志，2021，150。拉伸剪切和剥离是软材料的常见测试。然而，它们的结果很少进行比较。在这里，我们将拉伸剪切和剥离作为测量韧性的测试进行比较。我们通过使用刚性层将一层聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶夹在中间来准备两种测试的样品。我们用剪刀在凝胶中切割一个切口，以恒定速度拉动一个刚性层，并记录力。在拉伸剪切中，力达到峰值然后降至零，切口在整个凝胶中不稳定地增长，峰值力用于确定韧性。在剥离中，力达到峰值然后降至平台，切口在凝胶中稳定增长，平台力用于确定韧性。我们的实验数据表明，拉伸剪切和剥离确定的韧性平均值是可比的。两种测试中的峰值力都有显著分散，但剥离中的平台力分散较窄。因此，拉伸剪切确定的韧性分散性大于剥离确定的韧性。 我们假设峰值力分散主要是由于剪刀切割的统计变化引起的，并使用两组额外的实验来检验这一假设。首先，在剪刀切割后，我们预先剥离样品以稍微延长切割，然后通过搭接剪切和剥离来测量韧性。搭接剪切中的峰值力分散较少，剥离中的峰值力被消除。其次，我们使用不同厚度的间隔器进行切割，发现搭接剪切和剥离中的峰值力都随间隔器厚度的变化而变化。这些发现阐明了使用搭接剪切和剥离来表征软材料的方法。

[413] Low-Cost and Scalable Platform with Multiplexed Microwell Array Biochip for Rapid Diagnosis of Covid-19 Research, 2021, 2021. Sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 is of great importance for inhibiting the current pandemic of COVID-19. Here, we report a simple yet efficient platform integrating a portable and low-cost custom-made detector and a novel microwell array biochip for rapid and accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2. The instrument exhibits expedited amplification speed that enables colorimetric read-out within 25 minutes. A polymeric chip with a laser-engraved microwell array was developed to process the reaction between the primers and the respiratory swab RNA extracts, based on reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP). To achieve clinically acceptable performance, we synthesized a group of six primers to identify the conserved regions of the ORF1ab gene of SARS-CoV-2. Clinical trials were conducted with 87 PCR-positive and 43 PCR-negative patient samples. The platform demonstrated both high sensitivity (95.40%) and high specificity (95.35%), showing potentials for rapid and user-friendly diagnosis of COVID-19 among many other infectious pathogens.
[413] 低成本且可扩展的多路复用微孔阵列生物芯片平台，用于 Covid-19 快速诊断研究，2021，2021。对 SARS-CoV-2 的敏感检测对于抑制当前的 COVID-19 大流行至关重要。在此，我们报道了一种简单而高效的平台，该平台集成了便携式低成本定制检测器和一种新型微孔阵列生物芯片，用于快速准确检测 SARS-CoV-2。该仪器具有加速的扩增速度，可在 25 分钟内实现比色读数。开发了一种激光雕刻微孔阵列的聚合物芯片，用于处理引物与呼吸道拭子 RNA 提取物之间的反应，基于逆转录环介导等温扩增（RT-LAMP）。为了实现临床可接受的性能，我们合成了一组六个引物，用于识别 SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab 基因的保守区域。在 87 个 PCR 阳性患者样本和 43 个 PCR 阴性患者样本上进行了临床试验。 该平台展示了高灵敏度（95.40%）和高特异性（95.35%），显示出在许多其他感染病原体中快速且用户友好的 COVID-19 诊断潜力。

[414] Review on Low‐Cost Counter Electrode Materials for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells: Effective Strategy to Improve Photovoltaic Performance Advanced Materials Interfaces, 2021, 9(2).
[414] 关于低成本对电极材料在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用综述：提高光伏性能的有效策略，《先进材料界面》，2021，9(2)。

[415] Tailorable Capacitive Tactile Sensor Based on Stretchable and Dissolvable Porous Silver Nanowire/Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Wearable Human Motion Detection Advanced Materials Interfaces, 2021, 8(20): 2100998. Recently, advanced flexible tactile sensors have been widely studied for human motion detection, which is an essential part of human healthcare monitoring. New types of materials with novel composition and structures play a significant role in sensing performance improvement. Herein, a stretchable and dissolvable porous silver nanowire (Ag NW)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposite hydrogel is fabricated through a facile foaming and freezing-thawing combined approach. The PVA gel is foamed with lots of tailorable micropores to achieve much enhanced stretchability and compressibility. Ag NWs are uniformly embedded inside PVA matrix to increase the permittivity upon introduction of numerous microcapacitors. Incorporated with carbon nanotube network electrodes, a capacitive tactile sensor is developed with high sensitivity (1.9 kPa(-1)), wide detection range (250 kPa), quick response time (25 ms), and remarkable stability over 10 000 loading/unloading cycles. Wearable sensing demonstration of detecting various human motions is performed. The hydrogel-based sensor can be dissolved in hot water within minutes with recycling use of electrode material, which is environmentally friendly. A large-area integrated sensor sheet can be made upon one fabrication process followed by cut into small sensor devices with desired shapes, indicating potential customized mass production. The proposed microporous nanocomposite hydrogel-based sensor is promising in wearable sensing applications.
[415] 基于可拉伸和可溶解多孔银纳米线/聚乙烯醇纳米复合水凝胶的定制电容触觉传感器，用于可穿戴人体运动检测，《先进材料界面》，2021，8(20)：2100998。近年来，先进的柔性触觉传感器在人体运动检测方面得到了广泛研究，这是人体健康监测的重要组成部分。具有新颖组成和结构的新型材料在传感性能提升中发挥着重要作用。在此，通过简便的发泡和冻融结合方法制备了一种可拉伸和可溶解的多孔银纳米线（Ag NW）/聚乙烯醇（PVA）纳米复合水凝胶。PVA 凝胶通过大量可定制微孔发泡，实现了大幅增强的拉伸性和压缩性。Ag NWs 均匀嵌入 PVA 基体中，通过引入大量微电容器来增加介电常数。 集成了碳纳米管网络电极，开发了一种具有高灵敏度（1.9 kPa(-1)）、宽检测范围（250 kPa）、快速响应时间（25 ms）和超过 10 000 次加载/卸载循环的显著稳定性的电容式触觉传感器。进行了可穿戴传感演示，以检测各种人体运动。基于水凝胶的传感器可以在几分钟内溶解于热水，电极材料可回收利用，环保。通过一个制造工艺可以制作大面积集成传感器片，然后切割成所需形状的小型传感器设备，表明有潜力进行定制化大规模生产。所提出的微孔纳米复合材料水凝胶传感器在可穿戴传感应用中具有前景。

[416] Unprecedented Tunable Hydrophobic Effect and Anion Recognition Triggered by Aie with Hofmeister Series in Water Chinese Chemical Letters, 2021, 32(5): 1679-1682. An unprecedented tunable hydrophobic effect in self-assembly of a small cationic organic fluorophore (NI-TPy+)-based with aggregation-induced emission (ALE) property was realized in aqueous solution. The amplification of hydrophobicity was found to be significantly dependent upon the increasing aggregates of NI-TPy+, which enabled the study of the hydrophobic binding of chaotropic anions with the Hofmeister series. (C) 2021 Chinese Chemical Society and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
[416] 由 Aie 与 Hofmeister 系列在水中的协同作用引发的史无前例的可调疏水效应和阴离子识别 Chinese Chemical Letters，2021，32(5)：1679-1682。在水溶液中，实现了基于小阳离子有机荧光染料（NI-TPy+）的聚集诱导发光（ALE）性质的自组装中的史无前例的可调疏水效应。发现疏水性的增强与 NI-TPy+聚集体的增加显著相关，这有助于研究 Hofmeister 系列对扰溶剂阴离子的疏水结合作用。（C）2021 中国化学会和中国医学科学院药物研究所。由 Elsevier B.V.出版。版权所有。

[417] Photo-Dissociable Fe -Carboxylate Coordination: A General Approach toward Hydrogels with Shape Programming and Active Morphing Functionalities ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2021, 13(49): 59310-59319. An extendable double network design for hydrogels with programmable external geometries and actuating trajectories is presented. Chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide as the first network penetrated with linear alginate chains is prepared for demonstration. The coordination of Fe3+ ions with carboxylate groups in alginate chains acts as the second network, and its dissociation through photoreduction is utilized to realize the photoresponsive shape memory property; the shape fixity ratio and shape recovery ratio both exceed 90%. The gradient dissociation of Fe3+-carboxylate coordination under UV facilitates 3D programming of hydrogel geometry. On another aspect, the resulted cross-linking gradient differentiates the extent and rate of solvent-induced volume change of the PAAm network, endowing the hydrogel with photo-programmable solvent-driven actuating behavior. Furthermore, by inducing the formation of Fe3+-carboxylate coordination within the entire network for shape programming and cross-linking gradients in specific regions as active joints, hydrogels with designed actuating behaviors based on specific 3D shapes are realized. The shape memory and active morphing functionalities enabled by photo-dissociable Fe3+-carboxylate coordination in PAAm hydrogel can be generally extended to other hydrogels.
[417] 光解离 Fe-羧酸盐配位：一种制备具有形状编程和主动变形功能的水凝胶的通用方法 ACS 应用材料与界面，2021，13(49)：59310-59319。提出了一种可扩展的双网络设计，用于具有可编程外部几何形状和驱动轨迹的水凝胶。为了演示，制备了化学交联聚丙烯酰胺作为第一个网络，线性海藻酸盐链是其渗透的第一个网络。海藻酸盐链中羧酸基团与 Fe3+离子的配位作为第二个网络，其通过光还原的解离被用来实现光响应形状记忆特性；形状固定比和形状恢复比均超过 90%。在紫外光下，Fe3+-羧酸盐配位的梯度解离促进了水凝胶几何形状的 3D 编程。在另一方面，形成的交联梯度区分了 PAAm 网络溶剂诱导体积变化的程度和速率，赋予了水凝胶光编程溶剂驱动驱动行为。 此外，通过在整个网络中诱导形成 Fe3+-羧酸盐配位，并在特定区域形成形状编程和交联梯度作为活性关节，实现了基于特定 3D 形状的具有设计驱动行为的凝胶。由 PAAm 水凝胶中光解离 Fe3+-羧酸盐配位所赋予的形状记忆和主动变形功能可以一般性地扩展到其他水凝胶。

[418] Enzyme-Functionalized Structural Color Hydrogel Particles for Urea Detection and Elimination Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021, 315. Excessive urea causes poor stress resistance in plants as well as severe environmental issues. In this work, novel structural color hydrogel particles that can degrade and detect urea simultaneously were developed. Inverse opal hydrogel particles (IOHPs) with abundant carboxyl groups and immobilized urease were used. The particles could hydrolyze urea in a solution to determine the concentration of urea. Moreover, because the detection and elimination relied on specific enzyme catalysis and the pH responsiveness of the sensors, the particles displayed high specificity and sensitivity. When the proper ratio of crosslinker and monomer was chosen, the IOHP sensors responded to the urea solution with a concentration range of 0-30 mM and exhibited a linear range of 1-5 mM with a detection limit of 0.48 mM, which matched the actual demands. The IOHP sensors were applied to practical samples, and it was demonstrated that the recoveries reached ideal percentages of 94.7%-102%. All the results indicate that IOHP sensors are promising for opening a new route for the detection and elimination of urea.
[418] 酶功能化结构色水凝胶粒子用于尿素检测与消除 《清洁生产杂志》，2021，315。过量的尿素会导致植物抗逆性差以及严重的环境问题。在本研究中，开发了能够同时降解和检测尿素的创新结构色水凝胶粒子。使用了富含羧基的逆蛋白石水凝胶粒子（IOHPs）和固定化尿素酶。这些粒子能够将溶液中的尿素水解，以确定尿素浓度。此外，由于检测和消除依赖于特定的酶催化和传感器的 pH 响应性，这些粒子表现出高特异性和灵敏度。当选择适当的交联剂和单体比例时，IOHP 传感器对尿素溶液的响应范围为 0-30 mM，线性范围为 1-5 mM，检测限为 0.48 mM，符合实际需求。 IOHP 传感器应用于实际样品，结果表明回收率达到了理想的 94.7%-102%。所有结果均表明，IOHP 传感器有望为尿素检测和消除开辟新的途径。

[419] Mechanical and Microstructural Studies in a Polysaccharide-Acrylate Double Network Hydrogel Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2021, 124: 104839. Polymeric hydrogels continue to find a wide range of applications. However, a major drawback of hydrogels is the lack of mechanical strength. In this regard, "Double Network Hydrogels" (DN) have shown great promise recently. The toughness in DN hydrogels originates from the synergistic effect of two polymeric networks. In this work, we have synthesized a DN hydrogel consisting of a tightly cross linked carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as the first network and loosely cross linked poly(hydroxyethylacrylate) (PHEA) as a second network (CMC-PHEADN). The required flexibility in the second network (PHEA) was induced by the presence of a small amount of stearyl methacrylate (SM) as a co-monomer in hydroxyl ethyl acrylate (HEA). The compressive strength of the CMC-PEHA-DN hydrogel was found to be 280 times more than that of CMC-SN hydrogel, and the presence of SM in DN hydrogels showed better recovery after deformation. Cell viability studies showed the biocompatibility of DN hydrogels. The micro-structural analysis of DN xerogels by 3D X-ray Microtomography indicated the presence of oriented pores in size range of 30-40 mu m. To the best of our knowledge, Microtomography was used for the first time to study the DN gels. These hydrogels can be used to develop implants that can withstand prolonged stress and expand the life span of implants.
[419] 聚糖-丙烯酸酯双网络水凝胶的机械和微观结构研究，《生物医学材料力学杂志》，2021，124：104839。聚合物水凝胶继续在广泛的应用中找到其位置。然而，水凝胶的一个主要缺点是机械强度不足。在这方面，“双网络水凝胶”（DN）最近显示出巨大的潜力。DN 水凝胶的韧性源于两种聚合物网络的协同效应。在本工作中，我们合成了一种由紧密交联羧甲基纤维素（CMC）作为第一网络和松散交联聚（羟乙基丙烯酸酯）（PHEA）作为第二网络（CMC-PHEADN）组成的 DN 水凝胶。第二网络（PHEA）所需的柔韧性是通过在羟乙基丙烯酸酯（HEA）中共单体中存在少量硬脂基甲丙烯酸酯（SM）诱导的。研究发现，CMC-PEHA-DN 水凝胶的压缩强度是 CMC-SN 水凝胶的 280 倍，且 DN 水凝胶中 SM 的存在显示出更好的变形后恢复。细胞活力研究表明 DN 水凝胶具有良好的生物相容性。 通过 3D X 射线显微断层扫描对 DN 干凝胶的微观结构分析表明，存在尺寸范围为 30-40 微米的定向孔隙。据我们所知，显微断层扫描首次被用于研究 DN 凝胶。这些水凝胶可用于开发能够承受长期应力和延长植入物使用寿命的植入物。

[420] Polymer Foams as Advanced Energy Absorbing Materials for Sports Applications—a Review Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2021, 139(9).
[420]体育应用中的高级能量吸收材料——聚合物泡沫综述，《应用聚合物科学杂志》，2021，139(9)。

[421] All-around Universal and Photoelastic Self-Healing Elastomer with High Toughness and Resilience Advanced Science, 2021, 8(24): e2103235. Ultimately soft electronics seek affordable and high mechanical performance universal self-healing materials that can autonomously heal in harsh environments within short times scales. As of now, such features are not found in a single material. Herein, interpenetrated elastomer network with bimodal chain length distribution showing rapid autonomous healing in universal conditions (<7200 s) with high efficiency (up to 97.6 +/- 4.8%) is reported. The bimodal elastomer displays strain-induced photoelastic effect and reinforcement which is responsible for its remarkable mechanical robustness (approximate to 5.5 MPa stress at break and toughness approximate to 30 MJ m(-3)). The entropy-driven elasticity allows an unprecedented shape recovery efficiency (100%) even after fracturing and 100% resiliency up to its stretching limit (approximate to 2000% strain). The elastomers can be mechanically conditioned leading to a state where they recover their shape extremely quickly after removal of stress (nearly order of magnitude faster than pristine elastomers). As a proof of concept, universal self-healing mechanochromic strain sensor is developed capable of operating in various environmental conditions and of changing its photonic band gap under mechanical stress.
[421] 全能型、光弹性和自修复的高韧性弹性体，先进科学，2021，8(24): e2103235。最终，软电子学寻求经济且具有高机械性能的全能自修复材料，能够在短时间内自主修复恶劣环境。截至目前，这种特性尚未在任何单一材料中发现。在此，我们报道了一种具有双峰链长分布的互穿弹性体网络，在通用条件下（<7200 秒）表现出快速自主修复，效率高达（97.6 +/- 4.8%）。双峰弹性体显示出应变诱导的光弹效应和增强，这是其卓越的机械鲁棒性的原因（断裂应力约为 5.5 MPa，韧性约为 30 MJ m(-3)）。熵驱动的弹性允许在断裂后实现前所未有的形状恢复效率（100%）以及高达其拉伸极限（约 2000%应变）的 100%弹性回复。 弹性体可以通过机械处理达到一种状态，在这种状态下，去除应力后它们可以极快地恢复形状（比原始弹性体快近一个数量级）。作为一种概念验证，开发了一种能够在各种环境条件下工作并能在机械应力下改变其光子带隙的通用自修复机械色应变传感器。

[422] A Cocktail of Industrial Chemicals in Lipstick and Nail Polish: Profiles and Health Implications Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 2021, 8(9): 760-765. Beauty products contain various industrial chemicals to increase their functionality and appearance. The frequent use of beauty products may increase human exposure to industrial chemicals, but to date, their chemical components remain poorly characterized. Our work characterized the chemical components in lipstick and nail polish by screening for a total of 231 chemicals from seven categories, including organophosphate esters (OPEs), phthalate esters (PAEs), non-PAE plasticizers, bisphenol analogues, parabens, ultraviolet (UV) stabilizers, and antioxidants. Their total concentrations ranged from 38.9 to 3810 mu g/g (median of 193 mu g/g) and from 18.6 to 1910 mu g/g (307 mu g/g) in lipstick (n = 34) and nail polish (n = 15), respectively. The chemical compositions differed between lipstick and nail polish, but non-PAE plasticizers generally dominated over other groups of chemicals. A number of emerging plasticizers, OPEs, and UV stabilizers have rarely been reported in personal care products or environmental samples but were found at very high levels in beauty products, raising concern about their environmental release and human exposure risk. Although the employment of a hazard quotient approach suggested low health risks for exposure to industrial chemicals from the use of beauty products, potential mixture effects from the chemical cocktail and occupational exposure to beauty products should not be overlooked.
口红和指甲油中的工业化学品混合物：成分分析及健康影响 环境科学与技术通讯，2021，8(9)：760-765。美容产品含有各种工业化学品以增加其功能和外观。频繁使用美容产品可能会增加人体对工业化学品的暴露，但迄今为止，它们的化学成分仍没有得到充分表征。我们的工作通过筛选七个类别中的 231 种化学品来表征口红和指甲油中的化学成分，包括有机磷酸酯（OPEs）、邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）、非 PAE 增塑剂、双酚类化合物、对羟基苯甲酸酯、紫外线（UV）稳定剂和抗氧化剂。它们的总浓度范围分别为 38.9 至 3810 微克/克（中位数为 193 微克/克）和 18.6 至 1910 微克/克（307 微克/克），分别对应口红（n = 34）和指甲油（n = 15）。口红和指甲油的化学成分不同，但非 PAE 增塑剂通常占主导地位。 一些新兴的塑化剂、OPEs 和紫外线稳定剂在个人护理产品或环境样本中很少被报道，但在美容产品中却发现了非常高的水平，这引起了对其环境释放和人类暴露风险的担忧。尽管采用危害商数方法表明使用美容产品接触工业化学品的风险较低，但化学混合物的潜在混合效应以及职业接触美容产品不应被忽视。

[423] Poly( -Isopropylacrylamide)-Based Smart Hydrogels: Design, Properties and Applications Progress in Materials Science, 2021, 115: 100702-100754. Development of polymer-based smart materials, which can autonomously alter their physical and/or chemical properties when exposed to external stimuli, is a thriving research frontier in contemporary advanced functional materials science. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)-based smart hydrogels are known to exhibit distinct thermo-responsive properties near a lower critical solution temperature (LCST), which have found diverse promising applications such as smart coating, drug delivery, tissue regeneration, and artificial muscles. In this review, we provide an up-to-date account on the recent developments in advanced functional PNIPAM-based smart hydrogels and their emerging technological applications in the fields of smart actuators, photonic crystals, smart windows and novel biomedical applications. The fundamental design and synthetic strategies of PNIPAM-based smart hydrogels are discussed. Their unique properties, underlying mechanisms and potential applications in different fields are highlighted. Finally, this review provides a brief conclusion and enumerates the challenges and opportunities in this rising area of research and development involving these intriguing polymer-based advanced smart systems rooted in chemistry and materials science. It is expected that this review would provide significant insights for the development of reconfigurable and programmable advanced smart materials with numerous possibilities, prompting the rapid advancement of this highly interdisciplinary area, which encompasses materials science, polymer science, synthetic chemistry, device engineering, physics, biology, nanoscience and nanotechnology.
基于聚-N-异丙基丙烯酰胺的智能水凝胶：设计、性质与应用——材料科学进展，2021，115：100702-100754。聚合物基智能材料的发展，这些材料在受到外部刺激时可以自主改变其物理和/或化学性质，是当代先进功能材料科学中的一个充满活力的研究前沿。基于聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAM)的智能水凝胶已知在接近下临界溶液温度(LCST)时表现出独特的热响应性质，这些性质在智能涂层、药物递送、组织再生和人工肌肉等众多有前景的应用中得到了应用。在本综述中，我们提供了关于先进功能 PNIPAM 基智能水凝胶最近发展的最新概述，以及它们在智能执行器、光子晶体、智能窗户和新型生物医学领域的潜在技术应用的探讨。讨论了 PNIPAM 基智能水凝胶的基本设计和合成策略。强调了它们独特的性质、潜在机制和在不同领域的潜在应用。 最后，本综述简要总结了结论，并列出了在这一新兴研究领域和开发领域所面临的挑战和机遇。这些研究领域涉及基于化学和材料科学的引人入胜的聚合物基先进智能系统。预期本综述将为开发具有多种可能性的可重构和可编程先进智能材料提供重要见解，从而推动这一高度跨学科领域的快速发展，该领域包括材料科学、聚合物科学、合成化学、器件工程、物理学、生物学、纳米科学和纳米技术。

[424] High-Strength Agarose Gel Electrolyte Enables Long-Endurance Wearable Al-Air Batteries with Greatly Suppressed Self-Corrosion Energy Storage Materials, 2021, 34: 427-435. Al-air batteries (AABs) are a great option for outdoor wearable electronics due to their high theoretical energy density (8100 Wh kg(-1)), huge industrial reserves and easy recyclability of Al, but suffer from severe self-corrosion, low Al utilization and harmful liquid leakage. Herein, we first devise a high-strength agarose gel electrolyte (AGE) that combines high toughness and super solution carrying capacity, for the construction of wearable AABs with high energy density, safety, easy assembly and greatly suppressed self-corrosion. The rigid AGEs convert the traditional Al/liquid interface into an Al/quasi-solid interface, thus leading to the formation of a Sn-dominated passivation layer that drastically inhibits the self-corrosion of Al. The in-depth failure mechanism study of AGE-based AAB coin cells demonstrates that three most critical factors affecting the discharge behavior of Al anodes are in order: H-2 accumulation, working current density and OH- replenishment. On this basis, the optimized largearea soft-package AAB (10 cm(2)) shows a 20.1-hour discharge duration and a specific capacity of 2148.5 mAh g(-1) (2766.9 Wh kg(-1)), outperforming those of the state-of-the-art AABs based on other gel electrolytes. More impressively, a practically useful wearable AAB pack is further prepared to drive the LED array and a smart phone.
[424] 高强度琼脂糖凝胶电解质实现长寿命可穿戴铝空气电池，显著降低自腐蚀能量存储材料，2021，34：427-435。铝空气电池（AABs）由于其高理论能量密度（8100 Wh kg(-1)）、巨大的工业储备和铝的易回收性，是户外可穿戴电子设备的一个很好的选择，但它们遭受严重的自腐蚀、低铝利用率和有害液体泄漏。在此，我们首先设计了一种高强度琼脂糖凝胶电解质（AGE），它结合了高韧性和超溶液携带能力，用于构建高能量密度、安全、易于组装且自腐蚀显著降低的可穿戴 AABs。刚性 AGEs 将传统的铝/液体界面转化为铝/准固体界面，从而形成以锡为主的钝化层，极大地抑制了铝的自腐蚀。基于 AGE 的 AAB 硬币电池的深入失效机制研究表明，影响铝阳极放电行为的三个最关键因素依次为：H-2 积累、工作电流密度和 OH-补充。 在此基础上，优化的大面积软包 AAB（10 cm²）表现出 20.1 小时的放电持续时间和 2148.5 mAh g⁻¹（2766.9 Wh kg⁻¹）的比容量，优于基于其他凝胶电解质的先进 AAB。更令人印象深刻的是，还进一步制备了一个实用的可穿戴 AAB 包，用于驱动 LED 阵列和智能手机。

[425] An Insight into Skeletal Networks Analysis for Smart Hydrogels Advanced Functional Materials, 2021, 32(6).
[425] 对智能水凝胶骨骼网络分析的洞察，先进功能材料，2021，32(6)。

[426] Strong Underwater Adhesion of Injectable Hydrogels Triggered by Diffusion of Small Molecules Materials Horizons, 2021, 8(8): 2199-2207. It is challenging for injectable hydrogels to achieve high underwater adhesiveness. Based on this concern, we report a fully physically crosslinked injectable hydrogel composed of gelatin, tea polyphenols and urea, capable of realising smart adhesion to various materials, like glass and porcine skin, in diverse aqueous environments. The urea molecules are designed as crosslinking disruptors for interfering with the formation of hydrogen bonds in the hydrogel, therefore modulating its crosslinking density and mechanical properties such as tensile strength, toughness and adhesive strength. Triggered by physical diffusion of the urea molecules towards the surrounding liquid environment, the hydrogel can achieve efficient (similar to 10 s), self-strengthening and long-lasting (>2 weeks) underwater adhesion. Remarkably, for fresh porcine skin, the instantaneous underwater adhesive strength is 10.4 kPa whereas the peak strength is as high as 152.9 kPa with the aid of the self-strengthening effect. More interestingly, it can simultaneously form controllable underwater non-adhesive surfaces, regulated by changes in the diffusion-triggered local concentration of urea. Further, it is also biocompatible, antibacterial, biodegradable and 3D printable in water, which offers great convenience for various applications concerning smart interfacial adhesion, like biomedicine and flexible electronics. Likewise, the physical diffusion-mediated mechanism represents an innovative strategy for developing next-generation smart hydrogels.
[426] 由小分子材料扩散引起的注射型水凝胶强水下粘附性，材料前沿，2021，8(8)：2199-2207。注射型水凝胶实现高水下粘附性具有挑战性。针对这一担忧，我们报道了一种由明胶、茶多酚和尿素组成的全物理交联注射型水凝胶，能够在各种水环境中实现对玻璃和猪皮等材料的智能粘附。尿素分子被设计为交联破坏者，以干扰水凝胶中氢键的形成，从而调节其交联密度和机械性能，如拉伸强度、韧性和粘附强度。在尿素分子向周围液体环境物理扩散的触发下，水凝胶可以实现高效（类似于 10 秒）、自增强和持久（>2 周）的水下粘附。值得注意的是，对于新鲜猪皮，瞬时水下粘附强度为 10.4 kPa，而在自增强效应的帮助下，峰值强度高达 152.9 kPa。 更有趣的是，它还可以同时形成可控的非粘附水下表面，这种表面通过尿素扩散触发的局部浓度变化来调节。此外，它还具有生物相容性、抗菌性、可生物降解性，并且可以在水中 3D 打印，这为涉及智能界面粘附的各种应用提供了极大的便利，如生物医学和柔性电子学。同样，物理扩散介导的机制代表了开发下一代智能水凝胶的创新策略。

[427] Three-Dimensional/Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Hydrogels for Biosensing Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2021, 9(18): 5840-5857.
[427] 三维/二维光子晶体水凝胶用于生物传感，《材料化学 C》期刊，2021 年，第 9 卷第 18 期：5840-5857。

[428] Spectral Statistics of a 1d Photonic Crystal Containing an Anisotropic Graphene-Based Hyperbolic Metamaterial Defect Layer Optical Materials, 2021, 121: 111483-111491. A simple photonic crystal is a periodic and regular nanostructure. Breaking the periodicity of a photonic crystal by a defect layer can be an interesting pattern. We study the spectral statistics of eigenfrequency spacings (the socalled level spacing statistics) for TM-polarized waves in the one-dimensional (1D) defective photonic crystal containing graphene-based hyperbolic metamaterial as a defect layer. The localization of light in the proposed structure has been investigated using the transfer matrix method. Moreover, the effects of different parameters, such as the number of graphene cells and the defect layer's optical axis orientation, are discussed. The performance of the ratios of nearest neighbor level spacings has become a Wigner distribution at the localized phases which are introduced by inserting a defect layer. The spectral statistics are found to approach the Wigner distribution for different repeat numbers of graphene layers. In contrast, in the absence of graphene layers, the level spacing statistics follow the Poisson distribution.
[428] 含有各向异性石墨烯基双曲色散超材料缺陷层的 1D 光子晶体光谱统计，2021，121：111483-111491。简单的光子晶体是一种周期性和规则的纳米结构。通过缺陷层打破光子晶体的周期性可以形成有趣的图案。我们研究了含有石墨烯基双曲色散超材料作为缺陷层的 1D 缺陷光子晶体中 TM 偏振波的本征频率间隔（所谓的能级间隔统计）的光谱统计。利用传递矩阵法研究了所提出结构中光的局域化。此外，讨论了不同参数的影响，如石墨烯单元数量和缺陷层的光学轴取向。最近邻能级间隔的比率在引入缺陷层产生的局域相中变成了 Wigner 分布。发现光谱统计随着石墨烯层重复次数的不同而趋近于 Wigner 分布。 相比之下，在没有石墨烯层的情况下，能级间距统计遵循泊松分布。

[429] Electric‐Field‐Induced Gradient Ionogels for Highly Sensitive, Broad‐Range‐Response, and Freeze/Heat‐Resistant Ionic Fingers Advanced Materials, 2021, 33(12): 2008486-2008498.
[429] 高灵敏度、宽范围响应和耐冻/耐热离子指的场诱导梯度离子凝胶，先进材料，2021，33(12)：2008486-2008498。

[430] Review of Optical Humidity Sensors Sensors, 2021, 21(23). Optical humidity sensors have evolved through decades of research and development, constantly adapting to new demands and challenges. The continuous growth is supported by the emergence of a variety of optical fibers and functional materials, in addition to the adaptation of different sensing mechanisms and optical techniques. This review attempts to cover the majority of optical humidity sensors reported to date, highlight trends in design and performance, and discuss the challenges of different applications.
[430] 光学湿度传感器的综述，传感器，2021，21(23)。光学湿度传感器经过数十年的研究和开发，不断适应新的需求和挑战。其持续增长得益于各种光纤和功能材料的出现，以及不同传感机制和光学技术的应用。本综述旨在涵盖迄今为止报道的大多数光学湿度传感器，突出设计和性能趋势，并讨论不同应用中的挑战。

[431] Influence of Salts in the Hofmeister Series on the Physical Gelation Behavior of Gelatin in Aqueous Solutions Food Hydrocolloids, 2021, 110. The effect of various inorganic salts on the physical gelation behavior of the gelatin solutions was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, polarimeter, rheometer, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that strongly hydrated anions, such as SO42- and H2PO4-, facilitated the gelation of the biopolymer solutions, evidenced by the increases of the length and content of triple helices. On the contrary, weak hydrated anions like Cl(- )and SCN- hindered the coil-helix transition of gelatin. Additionally, the gelling temperature (T-gel) of protein was directly correlated to the hydration entropy of anions, demonstrating that the elevation of T(gel )was attributed to the strong hydration effect of kosmotropic anions. On the other hand, chaotropic anions lowered T-gel,T- due to the direct interactions of weak hydrated anions with polypeptide backbones which were confirmed by the FTIR results. These observations indicate that the gel structure can be modulated by Hofmeister salts.
[431] Hofmeister 系列中盐对水溶液中明胶物理凝胶行为的影响，2021，110。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）、旋光仪、流变仪、X 射线衍射和差示扫描量热法研究了各种无机盐对明胶溶液物理凝胶行为的影响。研究发现，强水合阴离子，如 SO42-和 H2PO4-，通过增加三螺旋的长度和含量促进了生物聚合物溶液的凝胶化。相反，弱水合阴离子如 Cl(-)和 SCN-阻碍了明胶的螺旋卷曲转变。此外，蛋白质的凝胶化温度（T-gel）与阴离子的水合熵直接相关，表明 T(gel)的升高归因于 kosmotropic 阴离子的强水合作用。另一方面， chaotropic 阴离子由于弱水合阴离子与多肽骨架的直接相互作用而降低了 T-gel，T-，这一点通过 FTIR 结果得到证实。这些观察表明，凝胶结构可以通过 Hofmeister 盐进行调节。

[432] Stretchable Soft Composites with Strain‐Induced Architectured Color Advanced Materials, 2021, 34(6): 2104874-2104883. Abstract Colors enable interaction and communication between living species in a myriad of biological and artificial environments. While living organisms feature low-power mechanisms to dynamically control color in soft tissues, man-made color-changing devices remain predominantly rigid and energy intensive. Here, architectured composites that display striking color changes when stretched in selective directions under ambient light with minimum power input are reported. The orientation-dependent color change results from the rotation of reflective coated platelets that are embedded in a soft polymer matrix and pre-aligned in a well-defined architecture. The light reflected by the platelets generates structural color defined by the oxide coating on the platelet surface. By magnetically programming the initial orientation and spatial distribution of selected platelets within the soft matrix, composites with strain-modulated color-changing effects that cannot be achieved using state-of-the-art technologies are created. The proposed concept of strain-induced architectured color can be harnessed to develop low-power smart stretchable displays, tactile synthetic skins, and autonomous soft robotic devices that undergo fast and reversible color changes through the mechano-optic coupling programmed within their soft composite architecture.
[432] 具有应变诱导结构化色彩的高级可拉伸软复合物，2021，34(6)：2104874-2104883。色彩使生物体在众多生物和人工环境中进行互动和交流。虽然生物体具有低功耗机制来动态控制软组织中的颜色，但人造变色装置仍然主要是刚性和能耗密集型的。在这里，报告了一种在环境光下以最小功率输入在选择性方向拉伸时表现出显著颜色变化的架构化复合材料。这种方向相关的颜色变化是由嵌入在软聚合物基质中并预先在良好定义的架构中排列的反射涂层片状体的旋转引起的。片状体反射的光产生了由片状体表面氧化物涂层定义的结构色。通过磁性地编程所选片状体在软基质中的初始取向和空间分布，创建了使用最先进技术无法实现的应变调制变色效果。 应变诱导结构色概念可用于开发低功耗智能可拉伸显示屏、触觉合成皮肤和经历快速可逆颜色变化的自主软体机器人设备，这些设备在其软复合结构中通过机械光学耦合程序实现。

[433] Strategic Conceptualization and Potential of Self-Healing Polymers in Biomedical Field Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications, 2021, 125: 112099. Smart polymeric materials and hydrogels derived from acrylate, epoxy resins, etc. mimic the healing ability of natural organisms and biological cells by showing shape memory and tissue regenerative properties wherein, the healing ability in some of the materials is triggered by external stimuli like temperature, pH and light. This article provides an overview of various conceptual strategies and chemical and mechanical interactions involved in the different types of biomimetic self-healing materials to regain the deformed structure by repairing the cracked shape which play important role in contributing to the structural properties and functional recovery. Also, different chemical bonding like 7C-7C interaction, ligand-metal, hydrogen bonding, etc. takes place at the molecular level for replenishing the damaged structure with greater bond strength. The regeneration ability of artificial selfhealing polymeric materials not only shows use in material sciences, engineering but also exhibits a wide range of applications in site-specific drug delivery, skin grafting, implantation, dentistry and bone and tissue regeneration to restore injured surfaces with better biocompatibility, healing efficiency and higher tensile strength to serve as a next-generation material for amplifying the use in biomedical field.
[433] 生物医学领域材料科学与工程 C-生物应用材料中自修复聚合物的概念化战略与潜力，2021，125：112099。由丙烯酸酯、环氧树脂等衍生的智能聚合物材料和水凝胶通过展示形状记忆和组织再生特性来模仿自然生物和生物细胞的修复能力，其中，某些材料的修复能力由外部刺激如温度、pH 值和光触发。本文概述了不同类型仿生自修复材料中涉及的各种概念策略和化学及机械相互作用，这些相互作用通过修复开裂的形状来恢复变形结构，在贡献于结构性能和功能恢复方面发挥着重要作用。此外，在分子层面上，还发生了不同的化学键合，如 7C-7C 相互作用、配体-金属、氢键等，以增强键合力来补充受损结构。 人工自修复聚合物材料的再生能力不仅显示出在材料科学和工程学中的应用，还展现出在特定地点药物递送、皮肤移植、植入、牙科和骨与组织再生等方面的广泛应用，以更好地生物相容性、愈合效率和更高的抗拉强度来恢复受损表面，作为下一代材料以扩大在生物医学领域的应用。

[434] Length Effects of Short Alkyl Side Chains on Phase-Separated Structure and Dynamics of Hydrophobic Association Hydrogels Macromolecules, 2021, 54(13): 5962-5973. Phase separation plays a crucial role in toughening hydrogels. Thus, regulating the phase-separation structure is vital to understanding the toughening mechanism in phase-separated hydrogels. Current synthesis strategies often provide limited control on phase-separated structures. In this work, a library of short-alkyl-side-chain-modified hydrogels is fabricated as model phase-separated hydrogels to investigate the length effects of short alkyl side chains on the phase-separated structure, apparent mechanics, and dynamics. Short-alkyl-chain-modified polymers undergo vapor-induced phase separation from highly concentrated solutions and coalesce into a well-connected polymer-rich phase. With increasing length of the side chains, the polymer-rich domain thickens due to enhanced hydrophobic interaction. Rheology suggests that longer alkyl side chains result in higher "glass"-transition temperatures and slower dynamics. However, by correlating the stretch rate and temperature dependence of both the small deformation properties (linear rheology) and the large deformation properties (tensile behavior), we find that regardless of the length of the side chain, hydrogels become tough and strong when the tensile test temperature approaches the glass-transition temperature or the stretch rate matches the relaxation time in the intermediate frequency regime. The strength and toughness of the gels obtained in this work are the combined effect of phase separation and glass transition. This work sheds light on the design principles for the mechanical elements in phase-separated hydrogels.
[434] 短烷基侧链对疏水缔合水凝胶大分子相分离结构和动力学长度效应的影响，2021，54(13)：5962-5973。相分离在增强水凝胶的韧性中起着关键作用。因此，调节相分离结构对于理解相分离水凝胶的增强机制至关重要。当前的合成策略通常对相分离结构提供有限的控制。在这项工作中，制备了一个短烷基侧链修饰的水凝胶库作为模型相分离水凝胶，以研究短烷基侧链长度对相分离结构、表观力学和动力学的影响。短烷基链修饰的聚合物从高度浓缩溶液中经历蒸汽诱导的相分离，并聚合成一个良好连接的聚合物富集相。随着侧链长度的增加，由于增强的疏水相互作用，聚合物富集域变厚。流变学表明，较长的烷基侧链导致更高的“玻璃”转变温度和更慢的动力学。 然而，通过关联小变形性能（线性流变）和大变形性能（拉伸行为）的拉伸率和温度依赖性，我们发现无论侧链长度如何，当拉伸测试温度接近玻璃化转变温度或拉伸率在中频区域匹配松弛时间时，水凝胶变得坚韧且强度高。本研究获得的水凝胶的强度和韧性是相分离和玻璃化转变的共同作用。这项工作为相分离水凝胶中机械元件的设计原理提供了启示。

[435] Photonic Vitrimer Elastomer with Self‐Healing, High Toughness, Mechanochromism, and Excellent Durability Based on Dynamic Covalent Bond Advanced Functional Materials, 2021, 31(13).
[435] 基于动态共价键的具有自修复、高韧性、机械变色和优异耐久性的光子玻璃化弹性体，先进功能材料，2021，31(13)。

[436] Autonomous Shapeshifting Hydrogels Via Temporal Programming of Photoswitchable Dynamic Network Chemistry of Materials, 2021, 33(6): 2046-2053. Responsive materials typically require external stimulation for triggering. In contrast, temporal programmable materials exhibit autonomous trigger-free responses that are uniquely attractive. Its largely under-explored molecular enabling mechanisms, however, prohibit its expansion into functionally diverse devices. We illustrate here that the dynamic ionic bonds within a tough hydrogel can be an effective and generally applicable mechanism for temporal programming. This leads to an unusual shapeshifting behavior that can be precisely manipulated without requiring any external triggering. Further incorporation of photo-switchable dynamic disulfide bonds in the hydrogel network introduces another mechanism for the spatial control of the geometric shapeshifting pathway. The synergistic effect of temporal programmability and photodefinability allows access to multifunctional shapeshifting devices with versatility beyond conventional systems.
通过时间编程材料的光开关动态网络化学实现自变形水凝胶，2021，33(6)：2046-2053。响应性材料通常需要外部刺激来触发。相比之下，时间可编程材料表现出自主无触发响应，这非常吸引人。然而，其大部分未被充分探索的分子启用机制，阻碍了其向功能多样化设备扩展。在此，我们说明，在坚韧水凝胶内部的动态离子键可以是一种有效且普遍适用的时间编程机制。这导致了一种不寻常的变形行为，可以精确控制而不需要任何外部触发。进一步在凝胶网络中引入光开关动态二硫键，为几何变形路径的空间控制引入了另一种机制。时间可编程性和光定义性的协同效应，使得可以访问多功能变形设备，其多功能性超越了传统系统。

[437] Phototriggered Spatially Controlled out-of-Equilibrium Patterns of Peptide Nanofibers in a Self-Sorting Double Network Hydrogel Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2021, 143(46): 19532-19541. Out-of-equilibrium patterns arising from diffusion processes are ubiquitous in nature, although they have not been fully exploited for the design of artificial materials. Here, we describe the formation of phototriggered out-of-equilibrium patterns using photoresponsive peptide-based nanofibers in a self-sorting double network hydrogel. Light irradiation using a photomask followed by thermal incubation induced the spatially controlled condensation of peptide nanofibers. According to confocal images and spectroscopic analyses, metastable nanofibers photodecomposed in the irradiated areas, where thermodynamically stable nanofibers reconstituted and condensed with a supply of monomers from the nonirradiated areas. These supramolecular events were regulated by light and diffusion to facilitate the creation of unique out-of-equilibrium patterns, including two lines from a one-line photomask and a line pattern of a protein immobilized in the hydrogel.
[437] 光触发的空间控制非平衡肽纳米纤维图案在自排序双网络水凝胶中的形成 美国化学学会杂志，2021，143(46)：19532-19541。源于扩散过程的不平衡模式在自然界中普遍存在，尽管它们尚未被充分利用于人工材料的设计。在这里，我们描述了利用光响应肽基纳米纤维在自排序双网络水凝胶中形成光触发的非平衡模式。使用光掩模进行光照射后，随后进行热孵育，诱导了肽纳米纤维的空间控制凝聚。根据共聚焦图像和光谱分析，在照射区域，亚稳态纳米纤维发生光分解，而热力学稳定的纳米纤维从非照射区域提供的单体中重新组装和凝聚。这些超分子事件由光和扩散调节，以促进独特非平衡模式的形成，包括来自一线光掩模的两条线和固定在凝胶中的蛋白质的线条图案。

[438] Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Strike Back Chemical Society Reviews, 2021, 50(22): 12450-12550. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) are celebrating their 30th birthday and they are attracting a wealth of research efforts aimed at unleashing their full potential. In recent years, DSCs and dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DSPECs) have experienced a renaissance as the best technology for several niche applications that take advantage of DSCs' unique combination of properties: at low cost, they are composed of non-toxic materials, are colorful, transparent, and very efficient in low light conditions. This review summarizes the advancements in the field over the last decade, encompassing all aspects of the DSC technology: theoretical studies, characterization techniques, materials, applications as solar cells and as drivers for the synthesis of solar fuels, and commercialization efforts from various companies.
染料敏化太阳能电池反击 化学学会评论，2021，50(22)：12450-12550。染料敏化太阳能电池（DSCs）迎来了 30 岁生日，并吸引了大量研究努力，旨在释放其全部潜力。近年来，DSCs 和染料敏化光电化学电池（DSPECs）作为利用 DSCs 独特性能组合（低成本、无毒材料、多彩、透明、在低光照条件下非常高效）的最佳技术，在多个利基应用领域经历了复兴。本综述总结了过去十年该领域的进展，涵盖了 DSC 技术的各个方面：理论研究、表征技术、材料、作为太阳能电池的应用以及作为太阳能燃料合成驱动器的应用，以及各公司的商业化努力。

[439] Chemically Modified Biopolymers for the Formation of Biomedical Hydrogels Chemical Reviews, 2021, 121(18): 10908-10949. Biopolymers are natural polymers sourced from plants and animals, which include a variety of polysaccharides and polypeptides. The inclusion of biopolymers into biomedical hydrogels is of great interest because of their inherent biochemical and biophysical properties, such as cellular adhesion, degradation, and viscoelasticity. The objective of this Review is to provide a detailed overview of the design and development of biopolymer hydrogels for biomedical applications, with an emphasis on biopolymer chemical modifications and cross-linking methods. First, the fundamentals of biopolymers and chemical conjugation methods to introduce cross-linking groups are described. Cross-linking methods to form biopolymer networks are then discussed in detail, including (i) covalent cross-linking (e.g., free radical chain polymerization, click cross-linking, cross-linking due to oxidation of phenolic groups), (ii) dynamic covalent cross-linking (e.g., Schiff base formation, disulfide formation, reversible Diels-Alder reactions), and (iii) physical cross-linking (e.g., guest-host interactions, hydrogen bonding, metal-ligand coordination, grafted biopolymers). Finally, recent advances in the use of chemically modified biopolymer hydrogels for the biofabrication of tissue scaffolds, therapeutic delivery, tissue adhesives and sealants, as well as the formation of interpenetrating network biopolymer hydrogels, are highlighted.
[439] 化学修饰生物聚合物用于生物医用水凝胶的形成 化学评论，2021，121(18)：10908-10949。生物聚合物是从植物和动物中提取的天然聚合物，包括各种多糖和多肽。由于生物聚合物固有的生物化学和生物物理性质，如细胞粘附、降解和粘弹性，将其纳入生物医用水凝胶中引起了极大的兴趣。本综述的目的是提供生物聚合物水凝胶在生物医学应用中的设计和开发详细概述，重点介绍生物聚合物化学修饰和交联方法。首先，描述了生物聚合物的基本原理和引入交联基团的化学偶联方法。 生物聚合物网络形成的方法讨论如下：（i）共价交联（例如，自由基链聚合、点击交联、酚基氧化引起的交联），（ii）动态共价交联（例如，席夫碱形成、二硫键形成、可逆的狄尔斯-阿尔德反应），（iii）物理交联（例如，客体-主体相互作用、氢键、金属-配位、接枝生物聚合物）。最后，重点介绍了使用化学修饰的生物聚合物水凝胶在组织支架生物制造、治疗递送、组织粘合剂和密封剂以及形成互穿网络生物聚合物水凝胶方面的最新进展。

[440] Construction of Functional Materials in Various Material Forms from Cellulosic Cholesteric Liquid Crystals Nanomaterials, 2021, 11(11). Wide use of bio-based polymers could play a key role in facilitating a more sustainable society because such polymers are renewable and ecofriendly. Cellulose is a representative bio-based polymer and has been used in various materials. To further expand the application of cellulose, it is crucial to develop functional materials utilizing cellulosic physicochemical properties that are acknowledged but insufficiently applied. Cellulose derivatives and cellulose nanocrystals exhibit a cholesteric liquid crystal (ChLC) property based on rigidity and chirality, and this property is promising for constructing next-generation functional materials. The form of such materials is an important factor because material form is closely related with function. To date, researchers have reported cellulosic ChLC materials with a wide range of material forms-such as films, gels, mesoporous materials, and emulsions-for diverse functions. We first briefly review the fundamental aspects of cellulosic ChLCs. Then we comprehensively review research on cellulosic ChLC functional materials in terms of their material forms. Thus, this review provides insights into the creation of novel cellulosic ChLC functional materials based on material form designed toward the expanded application of cellulosics.
[440] 从纤维素胆甾相液晶纳米材料构建各种形态的功能材料，2021，11(11)。生物基聚合物的广泛应用在促进更加可持续的社会中可以发挥关键作用，因为这些聚合物是可再生的且环保。纤维素是一种代表性的生物基聚合物，已被用于各种材料。为了进一步扩大纤维素的应用，开发利用纤维素物理化学性质的功能材料至关重要，这些性质虽然被认可但应用不足。纤维素衍生物和纤维素纳米晶体表现出基于刚性和手性的胆甾相液晶（ChLC）性质，这种性质对于构建下一代功能材料具有前景。这种材料的形式是一个重要因素，因为材料形式与功能密切相关。迄今为止，研究人员已经报道了具有广泛材料形式（如薄膜、凝胶、介孔材料和乳液）的纤维素 ChLC 材料，用于各种功能。我们首先简要回顾纤维素 ChLC 的基本方面。 我们全面回顾了纤维素基 ChLC 功能材料的材料形式研究。因此，本综述为基于材料形式设计的纤维素基 ChLC 功能材料创新提供了见解，旨在扩大纤维素的应用。

[441] Aquivion–Poly(N‐Vinylcarbazole) Holistic Flory–Huggins Photonic Vapor Sensors Advanced Optical Materials, 2021, 9(5): 2002006-2002013.
[441] Aquivion–聚(N-乙烯基咔唑)整体弗洛里-休金斯光子蒸汽传感器，先进光学材料，2021，9(5)：2002006-2002013。

[442] Alginate-Based Smart Materials and Their Application: Recent Advances and Perspectives Topics in Current Chemistry, 2021, 380(1): 3. Nature produces materials using available molecular building blocks following a bottom-up approach. These materials are formed with great precision and flexibility in a controlled manner. This approach offers the inspiration for manufacturing new artificial materials and devices. Synthetic artificial materials can find many important applications ranging from personalized therapeutics to solutions for environmental problems. Among these materials, responsive synthetic materials are capable of changing their structure and/or properties in response to external stimuli, and hence are termed "smart" materials. Herein, this review focuses on alginate-based smart materials and their stimuli-responsive preparation, fragmentation, and applications in diverse fields from drug delivery and tissue engineering to water purification and environmental remediation. In the first part of this report, we review stimuli-induced preparation of alginate-based materials. Stimuli-triggered decomposition of alginate materials in a controlled fashion is documented in the second part, followed by the application of smart alginate materials in diverse fields. Because of their biocompatibility, easy accessibility, and simple techniques of material formation, alginates can provide solutions for several present and future problems of humankind. However, new research is needed for novel alginate-based materials with new functionalities and well-defined properties for targeted applications.
[442] 海藻酸盐基智能材料及其应用：近期进展与展望，当前化学主题，2021，380(1): 3。自然界采用自下而上的方法，使用可用的分子构建块来生产材料。这些材料在受控条件下以极高的精度和灵活性形成。这种方法为制造新的人工材料和设备提供了灵感。合成人工材料可以找到许多重要应用，从个性化治疗到解决环境问题。在这些材料中，响应性合成材料能够对外部刺激做出结构和/或性质的变化，因此被称为“智能”材料。本文综述重点介绍了基于海藻酸盐的智能材料及其刺激响应性制备、破碎和在不同领域中的应用，包括药物递送和组织工程到水净化和环境修复。在本报告的第一部分，我们回顾了基于海藻酸盐材料的刺激诱导制备。 在第二部分中记录了以可控方式触发的藻酸盐材料分解，随后介绍了智能藻酸盐材料在各个领域的应用。由于它们具有良好的生物相容性、易于获取和简单的材料形成技术，藻酸盐可以为解决人类目前和未来的几个问题提供解决方案。然而，需要新的研究来开发具有新功能和明确特性的新型藻酸盐基材料，以实现针对性的应用。

[443] Bio and Non‐Bio Materials‐Based Quasi‐Solid State Electrolytes in Dssc : A Review International Journal of Energy Research, 2021, 46(5): 5399-5422.
[443] 基于 生物和非生物 材料的准固态电解质在 Dssc 中的应用：综述 国际能源研究杂志，2021，46(5)：5399-5422。

[444] Mussel-Inspired Underwater Adhesives-from Adhesion Mechanisms to Engineering Applications: A Critical Review Reviews of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2021, 9(2): 167-187. Recent progress in the adhesion mechanism of mussels has led to great excitement in the field of adhesive materials. Although great progress has been made in the mussel adhesion mechanism and underwater adhesives, there are still many unknowns and challenges in this area. Thus, it is highly important to review the recent progress in mechanisms of mussel adhesion and mussel-inspired adhesives and predict trends for the future. In this review, we (1) summarize the research progress in fundamental interaction mechanisms in natural mussels; (2) discuss the application of the mussel interaction mechanism in the biomimetic mussel adhesive materials, from permanent/high-strength adhesives to temporary/smart adhesives; (3) briefly state the potential applications of the mussel-inspired adhesives in multiple fields, such as engineering applications, smart robotics and biomedicine; (4) summarize the future perspectives and unsolved challenges of mussel adhesion mechanisms and mussel-inspired adhesive materials. We envision that this review will provide an insightful perspective in understanding the mussel adhesion mechanism and directions to further explore, and promote the development of novel biomimetic mussel adhesive materials.
[444] 贻贝启发的水下粘合剂——从粘附机制到工程应用：一项批判性综述粘附与粘合剂，2021，9(2)：167-187。近年来，对贻贝粘附机制的最新研究在粘合材料领域引起了极大的兴奋。尽管在贻贝粘附机制和水下粘合剂方面取得了巨大进展，但这一领域仍存在许多未知和挑战。因此，回顾贻贝粘附机制和贻贝启发生物粘合剂的最新进展，并预测未来的趋势具有重要意义。在本综述中，我们（1）总结了天然贻贝中基本相互作用机制的研究进展；（2）讨论了贻贝相互作用机制在仿生贻贝粘合材料中的应用，从永久/高强度粘合剂到临时/智能粘合剂；（3）简要说明了贻贝启发生物粘合剂在多个领域的潜在应用，如工程应用、智能机器人和生物医学；（4）总结了贻贝粘附机制和贻贝启发生物粘合材料的未来展望和未解决的挑战。 我们预期这篇综述将为理解贻贝附着机制提供有洞察力的视角，并指明进一步探索的方向，以及促进新型仿生贻贝粘附材料的开发。

[445] Under Pressure: Hydrogel Swelling in a Granular Medium Science Advances, 2021, 7(7): eabd2711. Hydrogels hold promise in agriculture as reservoirs of water in dry soil, potentially alleviating the burden of irrigation. However, confinement in soil can markedly reduce the ability of hydrogels to absorb water and swell, limiting their widespread adoption. Unfortunately, the underlying reason remains unknown. By directly visualizing the swelling of hydrogels confined in three-dimensional granular media, we demonstrate that the extent of hydrogel swelling is determined by the competition between the force exerted by the hydrogel due to osmotic swelling and the confining force transmitted by the surrounding grains. Furthermore, the medium can itself be restructured by hydrogel swelling, as set by the balance between the osmotic swelling force, the confining force, and intergrain friction. Together, our results provide quantitative principles to predict how hydrogels behave in confinement, potentially improving their use in agriculture as well as informing other applications such as oil recovery, construction, mechanobiology, and filtration.
[445] 压力之下：颗粒介质中水凝胶的膨胀 科学进展，2021，7(7)：eabd2711。水凝胶在农业中作为干旱土壤中的水分储存库具有潜力，可能减轻灌溉负担。然而，土壤中的限制会显著降低水凝胶吸水和膨胀的能力，限制其广泛应用。不幸的是，其根本原因尚不清楚。通过直接可视化三维颗粒介质中限制的水凝胶膨胀，我们证明水凝胶膨胀的程度取决于渗透压膨胀产生的力与周围颗粒传递的约束力之间的竞争。此外，介质本身也可以通过水凝胶膨胀而重新结构化，这是由渗透压膨胀力、约束力和颗粒间摩擦之间的平衡所决定的。总之，我们的结果提供了预测水凝胶在限制条件下的行为的定量原理，可能改善其在农业中的应用，并告知其他应用，如石油回收、建筑、机械生物学和过滤。

[446] Enhanced Removal of as(Iii) and as(V) from Water by a Novel Zirconium-Chitosan Modified Spherical Sodium Alginate Composite International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2021, 176: 304-314. Most nano-scaled adsorbents have trouble in separating from aqueous solution, thus, a need for new materials of facile separation and predominant adsorption performance has arisen. This present study focused on a novel segregative zirconium-chitosan modified sodium alginate (Zr-CTS/SA) composite preparation and its performance for As(III/V) removal from aqueous solution. The obtained composite presented a spherical structure with a diameter of 2.0-3.0 mm and favorable thermal stability. Experimental data showed that Zr-CTS/SA had considerable adsorbability for As(III) and As(V), the adsorption capacities were enhanced about at least 20 and 6 times separately compared with pristine SA beads. The adsorption processes of As(III) and As(V) could both be described with Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum adsorption capacities reached 43.19 and 76.78 mg g(-1), respectively. The kinetic data of As(III) followed the intra-particle diffusion model while As (V) fitted the pseudo-first-order model. Moreover, the adsorption mechanisms of As(III/V) involved ligand exchange with Cl on the surface of Zr-CTS/SA, another reaction pathway for As(V) was the electrostatic attraction with protonated -OH and -NH2 groups. Note that the employment of Zr-CTS/SA in low-concentration arsenic solution exhibited a residue concentration as low as the 10 mu g L-1 WHO guideline for drinking water. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
[446] 一种新型二氧化硅-壳聚糖改性球形海藻酸钠复合材料的 As(III)和 As(V)的强化去除及其在生物大分子国际期刊中的应用，2021，176：304-314。大多数纳米级吸附剂在从水溶液中分离时存在困难，因此，对易于分离和具有优异吸附性能的新材料的需求已经出现。本研究重点研究了新型分离型二氧化硅-壳聚糖改性海藻酸钠（Zr-CTS/SA）复合材料的制备及其从水溶液中去除 As(III/V)的性能。所得复合材料呈球形结构，直径为 2.0-3.0 毫米，具有良好的热稳定性。实验数据表明，Zr-CTS/SA 对 As(III)和 As(V)具有相当大的吸附能力，与原始 SA 珠相比，吸附容量分别提高了约 20 倍和 6 倍。As(III)和 As(V)的吸附过程都可以用 Langmuir 等温模型来描述，最大吸附容量分别达到 43.19 和 76.78 mg g(-1)。 砷(III)的动力学数据遵循颗粒内扩散模型，而砷(V)符合伪一级模型。此外，As(III/V)的吸附机制涉及 Zr-CTS/SA 表面的 Cl 配体交换，As(V)的另一种反应途径是与质子化的-OH 和-NH2 基团的静电吸引。请注意，Zr-CTS/SA 在低浓度砷溶液中的应用表现出低于世界卫生组织饮用水指导方针 10 微克/升的残留浓度。（c）2021 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[447] Biomimetic Photonic Materials Derived from Chitin and Chitosan Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2021, 9(3): 796-817. Insight into the hierarchical structures of carbohydrate nanofibrils such as chitin and cellulose is important in order to exploit their unique geometrical features for materials innovation and emerging applications. Chitin nanofibrils are responsible for the outstanding mechanical strength in exoskeletons of some animals, and for the iridescence of some insects. The appearance of structural colors in chitin-constituted insect shells inspires scientists to mimic their photonic properties in artificial analogues, paving the path towards new optical technologies. Although the intricate organization of chitin nanofibrils in these structures was recognized several decades ago, the use of chitin nanofibrils in biomimetic templating, to transfer their sophisticated structures into solid-state materials, has only recently been exploited. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are high aspect ratio nanomaterials prepared by acid hydrolysis of the most abundant carbohydrate in plants. Similar to chitin nanofibrils, CNCs are readily dispersible in water and present an intriguing self-assembly behavior that can be exploited as a lyotropic liquid-crystalline template to fabricate photonic materials. Extended efforts of this research strategy are necessary to seek new organized structures of carbohydrate nanofibrils and to develop synthetic methods that offer access to novel biomimetic materials that combine chirality, coloration, and mesoporosity through colloidal templating and self-assembly. This Review summarizes recent progress to create functional optical materials templated by nanochitin and compares it with developments using nanocellulose.
[447] 基于几丁质和壳聚糖的生物仿生光子材料 材料化学 C 杂志，2021，9(3)：796-817。了解如几丁质和纤维素等碳水化合物纳米纤维的分级结构对于利用其独特的几何特征进行材料创新和新兴应用至关重要。几丁质纳米纤维是某些动物外骨骼卓越机械强度的原因，也是某些昆虫彩虹般色泽的原因。由几丁质构成的昆虫外壳中结构色的出现激发了科学家在人工类似物中模仿其光子特性的灵感，为新的光学技术铺平了道路。尽管几十年前就已经认识到这些结构中几丁质纳米纤维的复杂组织，但将几丁质纳米纤维用于生物仿生模板，将它们复杂结构转移到固态材料中，直到最近才被开发利用。纤维素纳米晶体（CNCs）是通过酸水解植物中最丰富的碳水化合物制备的高纵横比纳米材料。 与几丁质纳米纤维相似，碳纳米管在水中易于分散，并表现出有趣的自我组装行为，这可以被利用作为液晶模板来制备光子材料。需要进一步努力采用这种研究策略，以寻求碳水化合物纳米纤维的新有序结构，并开发合成方法，以获得结合手性、着色和介孔结构的创新仿生材料，这些材料通过胶体模板和自组装实现。本综述总结了利用纳米几丁质创建功能光学材料的最新进展，并将其与使用纳米纤维素的发展进行比较。

[448] Core/Shell Colloidal Nanoparticles Based Multifunctional and Robust Photonic Paper Drop-Casting Self-Assembly for Reversible Mechanochromic and Writing Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2021, 603: 834-843. Photonic crystals film that possesses periodic dielectric structure have shown great prospect in developing environmentally friendly paper alternatives due to the unique properties of dye free and nonphotobleaching, but their practical application is limited by the weak interaction between colloidal particles. Although some progress has been obtained, it is still a challenge to develop photonic paper with the desired mechanical and optical properties. Herein, multifunctional hard core/soft shell nanoparticles with controlled size are fabricated by semi-continuous seed emulsion polymerization method. Compared with convention colloidal particles, these core/shell nanoparticles can facile self-assemble into largescale dense ordered structure film via dried at room temperature due to the relatively low glass transition temperature (Tg) of the shell layers. The facile fabrication route enables the continuous high-through put production of the photonic papers. The as-formed papers not only possess the capacity to solvent (water/ ethanol) rewritable and multicolor painting, but also can rapidly reversible mechanochromic. Moreover, due to the good compatibility of core/shell interface, these photonic films possess excellent mechanical properties, demonstrating that this multifunctional film makes the fabrication of novel robust rewritable papers possible and enables visual monitoring of deformation degree. (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
[448] 基于核/壳胶体纳米粒子的多功能和耐用的光子纸滴铸自组装，用于可逆机械变色和书写，《胶体与界面科学杂志》，2021，603：834-843。具有周期性介电结构的光子晶体薄膜，由于其无染料和非光漂白特性，在开发环保型纸张替代品方面具有广阔的前景，但它们的实际应用受到胶体粒子之间弱相互作用的限制。尽管取得了一些进展，但开发具有所需机械和光学特性的光子纸仍然是一个挑战。在此，通过半连续种子乳液聚合方法制备了具有可控尺寸的多功能硬核/软壳纳米粒子。与常规胶体粒子相比，这些核/壳纳米粒子可以通过室温干燥轻易自组装成大规模致密有序结构薄膜，因为壳层的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）相对较低。这种简易的制备路线使得光子纸的连续高产通过量生产成为可能。 形成的纸张不仅具有溶剂（水/乙醇）可擦写和多色绘画的能力，而且还能快速可逆地实现机械变色。此外，由于核/壳界面的良好兼容性，这些光子薄膜具有优异的机械性能，表明这种多功能薄膜使得新型坚固可擦写纸张的制造成为可能，并能够实现变形程度的视觉监控。© 2021 Elsevier Inc. 版权所有。

[449] Review of Fiber Mechanical and Thermal Multi-Parameter Measurement Technologies and Instrumentation Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2021, 39(12): 3724-3739. In extreme environments such as abysmal sea and deep space, the characteristics of low-temperature, vacuum, electromagnetic interference will significantly affect the performance of measuring instruments. With merits of anti-electromagnetic interference, corrosion resistance, compact size and so on, optical fiber sensing systems can accurately measure the pressure, the temperature, the strain and the acoustic vibration in their working environments. This article reviews the measurement methods and the characteristics of optical fiber multi-parameter sensing, and summarizes the technologies and the instrumentation of the fiber mechanical and thermal multi-parameter measurement instrument.
[449] 光纤机械和热多参数测量技术与仪器综述，《光波技术》杂志，2021，39(12)：3724-3739。在极端环境，如深海和深空，低温、真空、电磁干扰等特性将显著影响测量仪器的性能。具有抗电磁干扰、耐腐蚀、体积紧凑等优势，光纤传感系统可以准确测量其工作环境中的压力、温度、应变和声振动。本文综述了光纤多参数传感的测量方法和特性，并总结了光纤机械和热多参数测量仪的技术和仪器。

[450] Research Progress on Polysaccharide/Protein Hydrogels: Preparation Method, Functional Property and Application as Delivery Systems for Bioactive Ingredients Food Research International, 2021, 147: 110542-1105457. Some bioactive ingredients in foods are unstable and easily degraded during processing, storage, transportation and digestion. To enhance the stability and bioavailability, some food hydrogels have been developed to encapsulate these unstable compounds. In this paper, the preparation methods, formation mechanisms, physicochemical and functional properties of some protein hydrogels, polysaccharide hydrogels and proteinpolysaccharide composite hydrogels were comprehensively summarized. Since the hydrogels have the ability to control the release and enhance the bioavailability of bioactive ingredients, the encapsulation and release mechanisms of polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, vitamins and probiotics by hydrogels were further discussed. This review will provide a comprehensive reference for the deep application of polysaccharide/protein hydrogels in food industry.
多糖/蛋白质水凝胶研究进展：制备方法、功能性质及其作为生物活性成分递送系统的应用——食品研究国际，2021，147：110542-1105457。食品中的一些生物活性成分在加工、储存、运输和消化过程中不稳定且易降解。为了提高稳定性和生物利用度，已经开发了一些食品水凝胶来封装这些不稳定的化合物。本文全面总结了某些蛋白质水凝胶、多糖水凝胶和蛋白质-多糖复合水凝胶的制备方法、形成机理、物理化学和功能性质。由于水凝胶具有控制释放和增强生物活性成分生物利用度的能力，本文进一步讨论了水凝胶封装多酚、黄酮、类胡萝卜素、维生素和益生菌的封装和释放机制。本综述将为多糖/蛋白质水凝胶在食品工业中的深度应用提供全面参考。

[451] Mussel-Inspired Chemistry: A Promising Strategy for Natural Polysaccharides in Biomedical Applications Progress in Polymer Science, 2021, 123. Polysaccharides are a kind of natural biopolymers and have been widely applied in various fields, especially biomedical applications, due to their fascinating properties, such as renewability, structural diversity, biodegradability and biocompatibility. However, pristine polysaccharides sometimes fail to meet the requirements in biomedical applications. Chemical modifications offer a significant means of changing the physical and chemical properties of polysaccharides and enhancing their functionalities. The traditional modification methods mainly include selective oxidation, carboxymethylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, sulfation, "Click" reactions and polymer grafts. In recent years, mussel-inspired chemistry has emerged as a novel, simple and efficient strategy to modify natural polysaccharides, therefore endowing them with some new and unique properties and broaden their applications in biomedicine. This strategy can give polysaccharides with outstanding adhesive performance, oxidation resistance, antibacterial property, coating capacity, high reactivity, chelating and coordinating abilities, bioactivities, and biological compatibility, and also affords a significant surface modification platform for the fabrication of diverse hybrid materials with specific functionalities. This review summarizes the methods (including surface chemistry and covalent conjugate) to modify various natural polysaccharides (including cellulose, chitin, chitosan, alginate, hyaluronic acid, heparin, starch, etc.) via mussel-inspired chemistry, and discusses their various biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, hemostasis, wound healing, drug delivery, antibacterial, chemo-photothermal therapy, biosensors and 3D bioprinting. This work is expected to give a better understanding of opportunities and challenges of mussel-inspired strategy for the functionalization of polysaccharides in biomedical applications. It can envision that mussel-inspired strategy will continuously attract attention in the modification of polysaccharides and more significant applications will be explored. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
贻贝启发的化学：一种在生物医药应用中天然多糖的有前景策略 聚合物科学进展，2021，123。多糖是一种天然生物聚合物，由于其令人着迷的特性，如可再生性、结构多样性、生物降解性和生物相容性，已在各个领域得到广泛应用，尤其是在生物医药应用中。然而，原始多糖有时无法满足生物医药应用的要求。化学修饰是改变多糖的物理和化学性质并增强其功能的一种重要手段。传统的修饰方法主要包括选择性氧化、羧甲基化、乙酰化、磷酸化、磺化、“点击”反应和聚合物接枝。近年来，贻贝启发的化学作为一种新颖、简单、高效的策略出现，用于修饰天然多糖，因此赋予它们一些新的独特性质，并拓宽其在生物医药中的应用。 该策略可以制备具有卓越的粘附性能、抗氧化性、抗菌性能、涂层能力、高反应性、螯合和配位能力、生物活性和生物相容性的多糖，并为制备具有特定功能的各种混合材料的表面改性平台提供重要支持。本综述总结了通过贻贝启发化学方法对各种天然多糖（包括纤维素、几丁质、壳聚糖、藻酸盐、透明质酸、肝素、淀粉等）进行改性（包括表面化学和共价偶联）的方法，并讨论了其在组织工程、止血、伤口愈合、药物递送、抗菌、化疗-光热疗法、生物传感器和 3D 生物打印等生物医学领域的各种应用。这项工作有望更好地理解贻贝启发策略在生物医学应用中多糖功能化方面的机遇和挑战。可以预见，贻贝启发策略将继续吸引关注，并在多糖改性以及更广泛的应用中探索更多可能性。 (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[452] A Review on Preparations, Properties, and Applications of Cis-Ortho-Hydroxyl Polysaccharides Hydrogels Crosslinked with Borax International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2021, 182: 1179-1191. Polysaccharides-based hydrogel has many advantages such as biocompatibility, self-repair property, and biodegradability. It has been widely applied in various fields and has attracted great attention of researchers. The natural polysaccharides involved in this review include fenugreek gum, guar gum, locust bean gum, gellan gum, sodium alginate, agarose, and konjac glucomannan etc. Borax is a highly effective crosslinking agent for cisortho-hydroxyl polysaccharides. This paper focused on the synthesis mechanism, functional additives, characteristics, and applications of borax crosslinked cis-ortho-hydroxyl polysaccharides hydrogels (BHs). Moreover, the factors affecting BHs performance such as temperature, pH, and media were analyzed. Its mechanical and self repair properties are enhanced by the dynamic and reversible borate/di-diol, which play a significant role in sensors, biomedicine, and tissue engineering. This review summarizes the research progress of BHs for the first time. Additionally, hoping to contribute to the development of this field, the review analyzes the correlation of performance through the SPSS 26 software. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
[452] 关于硼砂交联顺式-邻羟基多糖水凝胶的制备、性质和应用综述。国际生物大分子杂志，2021，182: 1179-1191。基于多糖的水凝胶具有许多优点，如生物相容性、自修复性能和生物可降解性。它已被广泛应用于各个领域，并引起了研究者的广泛关注。本综述涉及的自然多糖包括芫荽胶、瓜尔胶、鹰嘴豆胶、明胶、海藻酸钠、琼脂糖和魔芋甘露聚糖等。硼砂是顺式-邻羟基多糖的高效交联剂。本文重点讨论了硼砂交联顺式-邻羟基多糖水凝胶（BHs）的合成机理、功能添加剂、特性及其应用。此外，分析了影响 BHs 性能的因素，如温度、pH 值和培养基等。其机械性能和自修复性能通过动态可逆的硼酸/二醇得到增强，这在传感器、生物医药和组织工程中发挥着重要作用。 本综述首次总结了 BHs 的研究进展。此外，希望为该领域的发展做出贡献，综述通过 SPSS 26 软件分析了性能的相关性。（c）2021 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[453] Self-Healable Hydrogel Electrolyte for Dendrite-Free and Self-Healable Zinc-Based Aqueous Batteries Materials Today Physics, 2021, 20. The poor stability of zinc anodes caused by uneven deposition/stripping of zinc has inevitably limited the practical application of zinc-based aqueous batteries (ZABs). And the self-healing property is very necessary for improved lifespan and reliability of the flexible batteries under various deformations during their daily usage. In this work, a new self-healable hydrogel electrolyte (SHE) with rigid-flexible backbones is synthesized by cross-linking polymerization and composite strengthening. Owing to porous crosslinking network and more hydrophilic groups, the SHE possesses high ionic conductivity (23.1 mS/cm at 25 degrees C) and excellent mechanical strength, and the hydrophilic groups are conductive to improve interfacial compatibility between electrode and electrolyte, prompting much more disciplined Zn metal plating/stripping. And the dynamic hydrogen bonds derived from the hydroxyl groups of the polymer backbone can prompt self-healing and stretchable property of SHEs. As a result, the assembled flexible zinc-manganese dioxide batteries delivered a high capacity of 304 mAh g(-1) at 0.5 A g(-1) and good cycling stability with a capacity retention of 83.1% (vs. 62.5% with polyacrylamide) after 1500 charge/discharge cycles at 5.0 A g(-1). Furthermore, the flexible batteries with SHEs can recover electrochemical perfor-mance with over 95% healing efficiency after 5 cycles of complete breaking/healing. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
[453] 自修复水凝胶电解质用于无枝晶和自修复锌基水系电池材料今日物理，2021，20。由于锌阳极沉积/剥离不均匀导致的稳定性差，不可避免地限制了锌基水系电池（ZABs）的实际应用。而自修复性能对于提高柔性电池在日常使用过程中各种变形下的使用寿命和可靠性非常必要。在本工作中，通过交联聚合和复合强化合成了具有刚性-柔性骨架的新型自修复水凝胶电解质（SHE）。由于多孔交联网络和更多亲水基团，SHE 具有高离子电导率（25°C 下为 23.1 mS/cm）和优异的机械强度，亲水基团有利于提高电极与电解质之间的界面兼容性，从而促进更有序的 Zn 金属镀层/剥离。此外，来自聚合物骨架羟基的动态氢键可以促进 SHEs 的自修复和可拉伸性能。 因此，组装的柔性锌锰二氧化物电池在 0.5 A g(-1)的电流密度下提供了 304 mAh g(-1)的高容量，并在 5.0 A g(-1)的电流密度下经过 1500 次充放电循环后，具有良好的循环稳定性，容量保持率为 83.1%（与聚丙烯酰胺相比为 62.5%）。此外，具有 SHEs 的柔性电池在经过 5 次完全断裂/愈合循环后，可以恢复超过 95%的电化学性能。（C）2021 Elsevier Ltd. 版权所有。

[454] Conductive and Anti-Freezing Hydrogels Constructed by Pseudo-Slide-Ring Networks Chemical Communications, 2021, 58(2): 250-253. Stretchable, tough, and anti-freezing hydrogels were prepared using partially carboxymethylated polyrotaxanes and polyacrylamides. The carboxylic acid groups of alpha-cyclodextrins in the polyrotaxane and the amide groups in polyacrylamide are hydrogen-bonded, affording a pseudo-slide-ring network, greatly enhancing the hydrogels' macroscale mechanical properties, anti-freezing features, and electrical conductivity for the fabrication of a cold-temperature strain sensor.
[454] 通过伪滑动环网络构建的导电和抗冻水凝胶 化学通讯，2021，58(2)：250-253。采用部分羧甲基化的聚轮烷和聚丙烯酰胺制备了可拉伸、坚韧和抗冻的水凝胶。聚轮烷中的α-环糊精的羧酸基团和聚丙烯酰胺中的酰胺基团通过氢键结合，形成伪滑动环网络，极大地提高了水凝胶的宏观力学性能、抗冻特性和电导率，从而用于制造低温应变传感器。

[455] Salt-Dependent Structure in Methylcellulose Fibrillar Gels Macromolecules, 2021, 54(5): 2090-2100. Methylcellulose (MC) is a commercially important, water-soluble polysaccharide. Many food applications exploit the thermoreversible gelation behavior of MC in aqueous media. The mechanism of MC gelation upon heating has been debated for decades; however, recent work has demonstrated that gelation is concurrent with the formation of ca. 15 nm diameter fibrils, which percolate into a network. The fibrillar network dictates the properties and mechanical behavior of the resulting hydrogel. The addition of salt to MC gels has also been an area of academic and commercial interest. It has been reported that MC solutions containing salts exhibit an increase or decrease in the gelation temperature, which generally follows the Hofmeister series. To build upon these investigations, we study the effect of salt on the MC fibril structure. We demonstrate the effect of salt (NaCl, NaI, NaBr, NaNO3, KCl, NH4Cl, LiCl, and CaCl2) on the gelation and dissolution temperatures using rheology and cloud point measurements. From small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and high contrast cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) we show that salty MC gels are also composed of fibrils. Fitting the SAXS curves to a semiflexible cylinder model, we demonstrate that the fibril diameter decreases monotonically with increasing salt molarity, largely independent of the salt anion or cation type.
[455] 甲基纤维素纤维凝胶中的盐依赖性结构 大分子，2021，54(5)：2090-2100。甲基纤维素（MC）是一种商业上重要的水溶性多糖。许多食品应用利用 MC 在水介质中的热可逆凝胶化行为。MC 加热凝胶化的机制几十年来一直存在争议；然而，最近的研究表明，凝胶化与约 15 nm 直径的纤维形成同时发生，这些纤维渗透到网络中。纤维网络决定了所得水凝胶的性质和力学行为。向 MC 凝胶中添加盐也一直是学术界和商业界关注的领域。据报道，含有盐的 MC 溶液表现出凝胶化温度的增加或降低，这通常遵循霍夫迈斯特系列。为了在此基础上进行研究，我们研究了盐对 MC 纤维结构的影响。我们通过流变学和云点测量证明了盐（NaCl、NaI、NaBr、NaNO3、KCl、NH4Cl、LiCl 和 CaCl2）对凝胶化和溶解温度的影响。 从小角 X 射线散射（SAXS）和高对比度冷冻透射电子显微镜（cryo-TEM）研究显示，盐性 MC 凝胶也由纤维组成。将 SAXS 曲线拟合到半柔性圆柱模型，我们证明纤维直径随盐浓度增加而单调递减，很大程度上独立于盐阴离子或阳离子类型。

[456] Multicolor Photonic Pigments for Rotation‐Asymmetric Mechanochromic Devices Advanced Materials, 2021, 34(4): 2107398-2107405. Photonic crystals are extensively explored to replace inorganic pigments and organic dyes as coloring elements in printing, painting, sensing, and anti-counterfeiting due to their brilliant structural colors, chemical stability, and environmental friendliness. However, most existing photonic-crystal-based pigments can only display monochromatic colors once made, and generating multicolors has to start with designing different building blocks. Here, a novel photonic pigment featuring highly tunable structural colors in the entire visible spectrum, made by the magnetic assembly of monodisperse nanorods into body-centered-tetragonal photonic crystals, is reported. Their prominent magnetic and crystal anisotropy makes it efficient to generate multicolors using one photonic pigment by magnetically controlling the crystal orientation. Further, the combination of angle-dependent diffraction and magnetic orientation control enables the design of rotation-asymmetric photonic films that display distinct patterns and encrypted information in response to rotation. The efficient multicolor generation through precise orientational control makes this novel photonic pigment promising in developing high-performance structural-colored materials and optical devices.
[456] 多色光子颜料用于旋转不对称机械变色器件 高级材料，2021，34(4)：2107398-2107405。由于光子晶体具有鲜艳的结构颜色、化学稳定性和环保性，因此被广泛研究以替代印刷、绘画、传感和防伪中的无机颜料和有机染料。然而，大多数现有的基于光子晶体的颜料一旦制成只能显示单色，而要生成多色必须从设计不同的构建块开始。在这里，我们报道了一种新型光子颜料，它由磁组装的单分散纳米棒形成体心四方光子晶体，具有在整个可见光谱中高度可调的结构颜色。其突出的磁性和晶体各向异性使得通过磁性控制晶体取向，利用一种光子颜料高效地生成多色成为可能。此外，角度依赖性衍射和磁性取向控制的结合使得设计旋转不对称光子薄膜成为可能，这种薄膜在旋转时显示出独特的图案和加密信息。 通过精确的取向控制实现高效的多色生成，使这种新型光子颜料在开发高性能结构色材料和光学器件方面具有广阔的应用前景。

[457] Inkjet Printed Physically-Unclonable Structural-Color Anticounterfeiting Labels with Convenient Artificial Intelligence Authentication Advanced Materials Interfaces, 2021, 8(21): 2101281. Inkjet printing is a deterministic process with distinguished advantages of low cost, mass production, and unlimited pattern design capability, but it usually excludes randomness and the corresponding physically unclonable functions (PUFs). Herein, inkjet printing is utilized to fabricate physically unclonable structural-color anticounterfeiting labels with reliable random photonic structure and convenient artificial intelligence (AI) authentication. The abundant microscale print-drops with random arrangements, consisting of the cross-linked short-range ordered arrays of monodisperse poly(styrene-methylmethacrylate-acrylic acid) (P(St-MMA-AA)) nanospheres, enabled full-color hues, and the reliable encoded PUFs, simultaneously. The encoded PUF information with extremely high encoding capacity can be learned and validated with AI, realizing the fast and accurate decoding of the PUFs and thus the unclonable anticounterfeiting applications. Importantly, the coupling of the structural-color anticounterfeiting labels with perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane of low surface energy leads to high water resistance, which further improves the structural stability of the labels against water penetration. Based on the package-compatible inkjet printing approach and the reliable AI authentication, the physically unclonable structural-color anticounterfeiting labels with high structural stability and reliable AI validation bridges the gap between convenience (in both fabrication and validation) and ultimate security, opening enormous opportunities for their security applications in medicine, documents, currency, or other high-value products.
[457] 喷墨打印物理不可克隆结构色防伪标签及其便捷的人工智能认证，先进材料界面，2021，8(21)：2101281。喷墨打印是一种确定性过程，具有成本低、大规模生产和无限图案设计能力等显著优点，但通常不包括随机性和相应的物理不可克隆功能（PUFs）。在此，利用喷墨打印技术制备具有可靠随机光子结构和便捷人工智能（AI）认证的物理不可克隆结构色防伪标签。由单分散聚（苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸）纳米球（P(St-MMA-AA)）的交联短程有序阵列组成的丰富微尺度打印滴，实现了全色色调和可靠的编码 PUFs。具有极高编码容量的编码 PUF 信息可以通过 AI 进行学习和验证，实现 PUFs 的快速准确解码，从而实现不可克隆的防伪应用。 重要的是，将结构色防伪标签与低表面能的全氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷结合，导致高防水性，这进一步提高了标签对水渗透的结构稳定性。基于包装兼容的喷墨打印方法和可靠的 AI 认证，具有高结构稳定性和可靠 AI 验证的物理不可克隆结构色防伪标签，在制造和验证的便利性与最终安全性之间架起桥梁，为它们在医药、文件、货币或其他高价值产品中的安全应用开辟了巨大机遇。

[458] Formation of an Artificial Mg2+-Permeable Interphase on Mg Anodes Compatible with Ether and Carbonate Electrolytes ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2021, 13(21): 24565-24574. Rechargeable Mg-ion batteries typically suffer from either rapid passivation of the Mg anode or severe corrosion of the current collectors by halogens within the electrolyte, limiting their practical implementation. Here, we demonstrate the broadly applicable strategy of forming an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (a-SEI) layer on Mg to address these challenges. The a-SEI layer is formed by simply soaking Mg foil in a tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether solution containing LiTFSI and AlCl(3), with Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy measurements revealing spontaneous reaction with the Mg foil. The a-SEI is found to mitigate Mg passivation in Mg(TFSI)(2)/DME electrolytes with symmetric cells exhibiting overpotentials that are 2 V lower compared to when the a-SEI is not present. This approach is extended to Mg(ClO(4))(2)/DME and Mg(TFSI)(2)/PC electrolytes to achieve reversible Mg plating and stripping, which is not achieved with bare electrodes. The interfacial resistance of the cells with a-SEI protected Mg is found to be two orders of magnitude lower than that with bare Mg in all three of the electrolytes, indicating the formation of an effective Mg-ion transporting interfacial structure. X-ray absorption and photoemission spectroscopy measurements show that the a-SEI contains minimal MgCO(3), MgO, Mg(OH)(2), and TFSI(-), while being rich in MgCl(2), MgF(2), and MgS, when compared to the passivation layer formed on bare Mg in Mg(TFSI)(2)/DME.
[458] 在镁阳极上形成与醚和碳酸盐电解质兼容的人工 Mg2+-渗透相界面 ACS 应用材料与界面，2021，13(21)：24565-24574. 可充电镁离子电池通常遭受镁阳极的快速钝化或电解质中卤素对集流体严重腐蚀，限制了其实际应用。在这里，我们展示了在镁上形成人工固溶电解质界面层（a-SEI）层的广泛适用策略，以解决这些挑战。a-SEI 层通过将镁箔浸泡在含有 LiTFSI 和 AlCl(3)的四乙二醇二甲醚溶液中形成，傅里叶变换红外和紫外-可见光谱测量揭示了与镁箔的自发反应。发现 a-SEI 可以减轻 Mg(TFSI)(2)/DME 电解质中的镁钝化，对称电池的过电位比 a-SEI 不存在时低 2 V。该方法扩展到 Mg(ClO(4))(2)/DME 和 Mg(TFSI)(2)/PC 电解质，以实现可逆的镁沉积和剥离，这在裸电极中是无法实现的。 细胞界面电阻在 a-SEI 保护下的 Mg 比所有三种电解质中的裸 Mg 低两个数量级，表明形成了有效的 Mg 离子传输界面结构。X 射线吸收和光电子能谱测量表明，与在 Mg(TFSI)2/DME 上形成的钝化层相比，a-SEI 含有极少的 MgCO3、MgO、Mg(OH)2 和 TFSI(-)，而富含 MgCl2、MgF2 和 MgS。

[459] Formed Thermogelable Hydrogel Photonic Crystals Assembled by Thermosensitive Ipns Materials Horizons, 2021, 8(3): 932-938. In this paper, soft thermosensitive photonic crystals are immobilized via a reversible temperature-triggered in situ sol-gel transition above their phase transition temperature (T-p), which may be a significant advance in the field. Specifically, a library of thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/poly(acrylic acid) (PNIPAm/PAA) interpenetrating nanogels (IPNs) is synthesized, which can achieve a reversible temperature-induced sol-gel transition at a low concentration (1.1 wt%). More interestingly, as the temperature is increased above T-p, the photonic crystals assembled by these IPNs do not disappear but are "immobilized'' in the in situ formed hydrogel matrix. Moreover, these colorful IPN dispersions exhibit outstanding syringe-injectability, immediately turning from an aqueous solution into an insoluble hydrogel as they are injected into PBS at 37 degrees C. Plus, a protein-release study showed that these injectable hydrogels show extended release times and slower release rates in comparison with dilute nanogel dispersions. In brief, these in situ formed hydrogels with brilliant structural colors have potential in optical applications, e.g., color displays, crystal immobilization, and biological applications, e.g., 3D cell culture and drug delivery.
[459] 通过热敏型 IPN 材料组装形成的温敏水凝胶光子晶体 材料前沿，2021，8(3)：932-938。在本文中，通过在相变温度（T-p）以上的可逆温度触发原位溶胶-凝胶转变，将软热敏光子晶体固定化，这可能在领域内是一个重大进展。具体来说，合成了一系列热敏型聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)/聚(丙烯酸)（PNIPAm/PAA）互穿纳米凝胶（IPN），在低浓度（1.1 wt%）下可实现可逆的温度诱导溶胶-凝胶转变。更有趣的是，随着温度升高超过 T-p，由这些 IPN 组装的光子晶体不会消失，而是在原位形成的凝胶基质中“固定化”。此外，这些多彩的 IPN 分散体表现出优异的注射性，在 37°C 的 PBS 中注射时，立即从水溶液转变为不溶性凝胶。此外，蛋白质释放研究表明，与稀释的纳米凝胶分散体相比，这些注射型水凝胶具有更长的释放时间和更慢的释放速率。 简而言之，这些原位形成的具有鲜艳结构色的水凝胶在光学应用中具有潜力，例如彩色显示器、晶体固定和生物应用，例如 3D 细胞培养和药物输送。

[460] Pattern Recognition for Distributed Optical Fiber Vibration Sensing: A Review IEEE Sensors Journal, 2021, 21(10): 11983-11998. In recent years, pattern recognition technologies for distributed optical fiber vibration sensing have attracted more and more attention, aiming to intelligently recognize vibration events along with the optical fiber. Firstly, distributed optical fiber sensors for vibration detection are introduced. Secondly, this paper presents the state of the art of pattern recognition models used in distributed optical fiber vibration sensing systems. The feature extraction method, the model structure, and the processing performance are reported. As the results of the comparison, the support vector machine is a small sample learning method with a solid theoretical foundation and it has excellent generalization ability. The artificial neural network is suitable for massive data learning and multi-classification problems. Also, deep learning can learn more features information by a deep nonlinear network structure in an automated way, and thus has better accuracy and robustness. Furthermore, different applications of pattern recognition for distributed optical fiber vibration sensing are provided, including perimeter security, pipeline monitoring, and railway safety monitoring. Finally, the prospects of pattern recognition for distributed optical fiber vibration sensing are discussed.
[460] 分布式光纤振动传感的图案识别：综述 IEEE 传感器杂志，2021，21(10)：11983-11998。近年来，分布式光纤振动传感的图案识别技术越来越受到关注，旨在智能识别光纤沿线的振动事件。首先，介绍了用于振动检测的分布式光纤传感器。其次，本文阐述了分布式光纤振动传感系统中使用的先进图案识别模型。报告了特征提取方法、模型结构和处理性能。比较结果显示，支持向量机是一种具有坚实理论基础的小样本学习方法，并且具有出色的泛化能力。人工神经网络适用于大量数据学习和多分类问题。此外，深度学习可以通过深度非线性网络结构自动学习更多特征信息，从而具有更好的准确性和鲁棒性。 此外，还提供了分布式光纤振动传感中模式识别的不同应用，包括周界安全、管道监控和铁路安全监控。最后，讨论了分布式光纤振动传感中模式识别的前景。

[461] Multistimuli-Responsive Lanthanide-Containing Smart Luminescent Hydrogel Actuator ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2021, 13(17): 20633-20640. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels are flourishing; however, a multiresponsive luminescent hydrogel actuator in which the stimuli do not interfere with each other is still difficult to produce. Here, a smart luminescent bilayer hydrogel actuator with shape memory and reversible luminescence switch behaviors under the co-stimulation of pH and heating is reported. Under alkaline condition, chitosan-containing layer generates physical microcrystals to fix the temporary shape of the actuator while lanthanide emits bright luminescence. Upon acid treatment, the actuator recovers to its original shape and the luminescence is quenched since the "antenna effect" between organic ligand and lanthanide ions is disrupted. It is to be noticed that this multiresponsive cycle can be repeated several times without interfering each other. This work is expected to have potential application prospects in the fields of biomimetic soft robots, sensors, and camouflage.
[461] 多刺激响应镧系元素含智能发光水凝胶驱动器 ACS 应用材料与界面，2021，13(17)：20633-20640。刺激响应水凝胶发展迅速；然而，一种多响应发光水凝胶驱动器，其中刺激不会相互干扰，仍然难以制备。在此，我们报道了一种在 pH 和加热共同刺激下具有形状记忆和可逆发光开关行为的智能发光双层水凝胶驱动器。在碱性条件下，壳聚糖层生成物理微晶体以固定驱动器的临时形状，同时镧系元素发出明亮的光。经过酸性处理，驱动器恢复到原始形状，发光被淬灭，因为有机配体和镧系离子之间的“天线效应”被破坏。值得注意的是，这种多响应循环可以重复多次而不会相互干扰。这项工作有望在仿生软体机器人、传感器和伪装等领域具有潜在的应用前景。

[462] Effect of Conditioning on Pu Foam Matrix Materials Properties Materials, 2021, 15(1).
[462] 约束对钚泡沫基材材料性能的影响 材料，2021，15(1)。

[463] Light-Triggered Click Chemistry Chemical Reviews, 2021, 121(12): 6991-7031. The merging of click chemistry with discrete photochemical processes has led to the creation of a new class of click reactions, collectively known as photoclick chemistry. These light-triggered click reactions allow the synthesis of diverse organic structures in a rapid and precise manner under mild conditions. Because light offers unparalleled spatiotemporal control over the generation of the reactive intermediates, photoclick chemistry has become an indispensable tool for a wide range of spatially addressable applications including surface functionalization, polymer conjugation and cross-linking, and biomolecular labeling in the native cellular environment. Over the past decade, a growing number of photoclick reactions have been developed, especially those based on the 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions and Diels-Alder reactions owing to their excellent reaction kinetics, selectivity, and biocompatibility. This review summarizes the recent advances in the development of photoclick reactions and their applications in chemical biology and materials science. A particular emphasis is placed on the historical contexts and mechanistic insights into each of the selected reactions. The in-depth discussion presented here should stimulate further development of the field, including the design of new photoactivation modalities, the continuous expansion of lambda-orthogonal tandem photoclick chemistry, and the innovative use of these unique tools in bioconjugation and nanomaterial synthesis.
[463] 光触发的点击化学 化学评论，2021，121(12)：6991-7031。点击化学与离散光化学过程的结合导致了新型点击反应的诞生，统称为光点击化学。这些光触发的点击反应能够在温和条件下快速、精确地合成各种有机结构。由于光在生成反应中间体方面提供了无与伦比的空间时间控制，光点击化学已成为包括表面功能化、聚合物共轭和交联以及原生细胞环境中的生物分子标记在内的多种空间可寻址应用不可或缺的工具。在过去十年中，越来越多的光点击反应被开发出来，尤其是基于 1,3-偶极环加成和迪尔斯-阿尔德反应的，因为它们具有优异的反应动力学、选择性和生物相容性。本综述总结了光点击反应及其在化学生物学和材料科学中的应用的最新进展。 特别强调所选反应的历史背景和机制见解。此处所提供的深入讨论应激发该领域的进一步发展，包括设计新的光激活模式、lambda-正交串联光点击化学的持续扩展，以及在这些独特工具在生物偶联和纳米材料合成中的创新应用。

[464] Microscopic Imaging Techniques for Molecular Assemblies: Electron, Atomic Force, and Confocal Microscopies Chemical Reviews, 2021, 121(22): 14281-14347. Self-assembly is promising for construction of a wide variety of supramolecular assemblies, whose 1D/2D/3D structures are typically relevant to their functions. In-depth understanding of their structure-function relationships is essential for rational design and development of functional molecular assemblies. Microscopic imaging has been used as a powerful tool to elucidate structures of individual molecular assemblies with subnanometer to millimeter resolution, which is complementary to conventional spectroscopic techniques that provide the ensemble structural information. In this review, we highlight the representative examples of visualization of molecular assemblies by use of electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, confocal microscopy, and super-resolution microscopy. This review comprehensively describes imaging of supramolecular nanofibers/gels, micelles/vesicles, coacervate droplets, polymer assemblies, and protein/DNA assemblies. Advanced imaging techniques that can address key challenges, like evaluation of dynamics of molecular assemblies, multicomponent self-assembly, and self-assembly/disassembly in complex cellular milieu, are also discussed. We believe this review would provide guidelines for deeper structural analyses of molecular assemblies to develop the next-generation materials.
[464] 分子组装的显微成像技术：电子显微镜、原子力显微镜和共聚焦显微镜 化学评论，2021，121(22)：14281-14347。自组装在构建各种超分子组装体方面具有前景，其 1D/2D/3D 结构通常与其功能相关。深入了解其结构-功能关系对于合理设计和开发功能性分子组装体至关重要。显微成像已被用作一种强大的工具，以亚纳米到毫米的分辨率阐明单个分子组装体的结构，这补充了提供整体结构信息的传统光谱技术。在这篇综述中，我们强调了使用电子显微镜、原子力显微镜、共聚焦显微镜和超分辨率显微镜可视化分子组装体的代表性实例。本综述全面描述了超分子纳米纤维/凝胶、胶束/囊泡、凝聚态液滴、聚合物组装和蛋白质/DNA 组装的成像。 针对解决关键挑战的高级成像技术，如评估分子组装动力学、多组分自组装以及复杂细胞环境中的自组装/解组装，也进行了讨论。我们相信这篇综述将为深入分析分子组装结构提供指导，以开发下一代材料。

[465] Fracture, Fatigue, and Friction of Polymers in Which Entanglements Greatly Outnumber Cross-Links Science, 2021, 374(6564): 212-+. In gels and elastomers, the role of entanglements on deformation has been studied, but their effects on fracture, fatigue, and friction are less well understood. In this study, we synthesized polymers in which entanglements greatly outnumber cross-links. The dense entanglements enable transmission of tension in a polymer chain along its length and to many other chains. The sparse cross-links prevent the polymer chains from disentangling. These polymers have high toughness, strength, and fatigue resistance. After submersion in water, the polymers swell to equilibrium, and the resulting hydrogels have low hysteresis, low friction, and high wear resistance.
[465] 在聚合物中，缠结远多于交联的断裂、疲劳和摩擦科学，2021，374(6564)：212-+. 在凝胶和弹性体中，缠结对变形的作用已经研究，但它们对断裂、疲劳和摩擦的影响了解较少。在本研究中，我们合成了缠结远多于交联的聚合物。密集的缠结使得聚合物链在其长度上以及许多其他链上传递张力。稀疏的交联防止聚合物链解缠。这些聚合物具有高韧性、强度和疲劳抗力。在水中浸泡后，聚合物膨胀至平衡，形成的凝胶具有低滞后性、低摩擦和高耐磨性。

[466] Heterogeneous Hydrogel Structures with Spatiotemporal Reconfigurability Using Addressable and Tunable Voxels Advanced Materials, 2021, 33(10): e2005906. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels can sense environmental cues and change their volume accordingly without the need for additional sensors or actuators. This enables a significant reduction in the size and complexity of resulting devices. However, since the responsive volume change of hydrogels is typically uniform, their robotic applications requiring localized and time-varying deformations have been challenging to realize. Here, using addressable and tunable hydrogel building blocks-referred to as soft voxel actuators (SVAs)-heterogeneous hydrogel structures with programmable spatiotemporal deformations are presented. SVAs are produced using a mixed-solvent photopolymerization method, utilizing a fast reaction speed and the cononsolvency property of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) to produce highly interconnected hydrogel pore structures, resulting in tunable swelling ratio, swelling rate, and Young's modulus in a simple, one-step casting process that is compatible with mass production of SVA units. By designing the location and swelling properties of each voxel and by activating embedded Joule heaters in the voxels, spatiotemporal deformations are achieved, which enables heterogeneous hydrogel structures to manipulate objects, avoid obstacles, generate traveling waves, and morph to different shapes. Together, these innovations pave the way toward tunable, untethered, and high-degree-of-freedom hydrogel robots that can adapt and respond to changing conditions in unstructured environments.
[466] 基于可寻址和可调谐体素的空间时间可重构异质水凝胶结构 高分子材料科学，2021，33（10）：e2005906。刺激响应性水凝胶能够感知环境信号并相应地改变其体积，无需额外的传感器或执行器。这可以实现最终设备尺寸和复杂性的显著降低。然而，由于水凝胶的响应体积变化通常是均匀的，因此需要局部和时间变化的变形的机器人应用一直难以实现。在此，利用可寻址和可调谐的水凝胶构建块（称为软体素执行器，简称 SVAs）展示了具有可编程空间时间变形的异质水凝胶结构。SVAs 采用混合溶剂光聚合方法生产，利用快速反应速度和聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)（PNIPAAm）的共溶剂性质，在简单的一步浇铸过程中产生高度互联的水凝胶孔隙结构，从而实现可调的溶胀比、溶胀速率和杨氏模量，适用于 SVAs 单元的大规模生产。 通过设计每个体素的定位和膨胀特性，并激活体素中的嵌入式焦耳加热器，实现了时空变形，这使得异质水凝胶结构能够操控物体、避开障碍物、产生行波并变形为不同形状。这些创新共同为可调、无束缚、高自由度的水凝胶机器人铺平了道路，这些机器人能够适应和响应非结构化环境中的变化条件。

[467] Slip Detection for Grasp Stabilization with a Multifingered Tactile Robot Hand IEEE Transactions on Robotics, 2021, 37(2): 506-519. Tactile sensing is used by humans when grasping to prevent us dropping objects. One key facet of tactile sensing is slip detection, which allows a gripper to know when a grasp is failing and take action to prevent an object being dropped. This study demonstrates the slip detection capabilities of the recently developed Tactile Model O (T-MO) robotic hand by using support vector machines to detect slip and test multiple slip scenarios including responding to the onset of slip in real time with 11 different objects in various grasps. In this article, we demonstrate the benefits of slip detection in grasping by testing two real-world scenarios: adding weight to destabilize a grasp and using slip detection to lift up objects at the first attempt. The T-MO is able to detect when an object is slipping, react to stabilize the grasp, and be deployed in real-world scenarios. This shows the T-MO is a suitable platform for autonomous grasping by using reliable slip detection to ensure a stable grasp in unstructured environments.
[467] 多指触觉机器人手抓取稳定中的滑移检测，IEEE 机器人学汇刊，2021，37(2)：506-519。人类在抓取时使用触觉感知以防止物体掉落。触觉感知的一个关键方面是滑移检测，它使夹爪能够知道抓取何时失败，并采取措施防止物体掉落。本研究通过使用支持向量机检测滑移并测试多种滑移场景，包括实时响应 11 种不同物体在各种抓取中的滑移开始，展示了最近开发的触觉模型 O（T-MO）机器人手的滑移检测能力。在本文中，我们通过测试两个现实场景来展示滑移检测在抓取中的益处：向抓取中添加重量以使其不稳定，以及使用滑移检测在第一次尝试中抬起物体。T-MO 能够在物体滑移时检测到，反应以稳定抓取，并在现实场景中部署。这表明 T-MO 是一个适合使用可靠的滑移检测来确保在非结构化环境中稳定抓取的自主抓取平台。

[468] Photonic Cholesteric Liquid-Crystal Elastomers with Reprogrammable Helical Pitch and Handedness ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2021, 13(49): 59275-59287. The unique combination of the rubber-like property and the photonic helicoidal structure of cholesteric liquid-crystal elastomers (CLCEs) results in one-handed circular polarized light reflection, the wavelength of which is dictated by the Bragg relationship. Herein, a highly stretchable mechanochromic photonic CLCE film was fabricated by cross-linking mesogenic oligomers having thiol terminal groups, which further reacted to form disulfide (-S-S-) linkages. The mechanically stretched photonic CLCE film reflected both right- and left-handed circular polarized lights with a blue-shifted color. The helicoidal pitch and handedness controlled by the applied strain were programmed through a dynamic exchange reaction between the -S-S-linkages, thus realizing the patterning at selective regions. The pattern almost vanished under unpolarized daylight but was visible under circularly polarized light when the patterned photonic CLCE film had been heated above its isotropic temperature. The hidden patterns of the heat-treated CLCE film reappeared under unpolarized daylight when stretched, demonstrating a data encryption ability. These patterned photonic elastomers can be uniquely used in sensors, actuators, soft robotics, flexible displays, data encryption, and anticounterfeiting applications with a mechanochromic camouflage response.
[468] 可重编程螺旋节距和手性的光子胆甾相液晶弹性体 ACS 应用材料与界面，2021，13(49)：59275-59287。胆甾相液晶弹性体（CLCEs）具有类似橡胶的性质和光子螺旋结构，这种独特的组合导致单手性圆偏振光反射，其波长由布拉格关系决定。在此，通过交联具有巯基端基团的液晶寡聚物，制备了一种高度可拉伸的机械变色光子 CLCE 薄膜，这些寡聚物进一步反应形成二硫键（-S-S-）。机械拉伸的光子 CLCE 薄膜反射了右旋和左旋圆偏振光，并呈现蓝移色。通过-S-S-键之间的动态交换反应，由施加的应变控制的螺旋节距和手性被编程，从而在选择性区域实现图案化。在非偏振日光下，图案几乎消失，但当图案化的光子 CLCE 薄膜被加热至其各向同性温度以上时，在圆偏振光下可见。 热处理 CLCE 薄膜在拉伸时，在非偏振日光下重现了隐藏的图案，展示了数据加密能力。这些图案化的光子弹性体可以独特地用于传感器、执行器、软体机器人、柔性显示器、数据加密和防伪应用，具有机械色变伪装响应。

[469] Strong Tough Hydrogels Via the Synergy of Freeze-Casting and Salting Out Nature, 2021, 590(7847): 594-599. Natural load-bearing materials such as tendons have a high water content of about 70 per cent but are still strong and tough, even when used for over one million cycles per year, owing to the hierarchical assembly of anisotropic structures across multiple length scales(1). Synthetic hydrogels have been created using methods such as electro-spinning(2), extrusion(3), compositing(4,5), freeze-casting(6,7), self-assembly(8) and mechanical stretching(9,10) for improved mechanical performance. However, in contrast to tendons, many hydrogels with the same high water content do not show high strength, toughness or fatigue resistance. Here we present a strategy to produce a multi-length-scale hierarchical hydrogel architecture using a freezing-assisted salting-out treatment. The produced poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels are highly anisotropic, comprising micrometre-scale honeycomb-like pore walls, which in turn comprise interconnected nanofibril meshes. These hydrogels have a water content of 70-95 per cent and properties that compare favourably to those of other tough hydrogels and even natural tendons; for example, an ultimate stress of 23.5 +/- 2.7 megapascals, strain levels of 2,900 +/- 450 per cent, toughness of 210 +/- 13 megajoules per cubic metre, fracture energy of 170 +/- 8 kilojoules per square metre and a fatigue threshold of 10.5 +/- 1.3 kilojoules per square metre. The presented strategy is generalizable to other polymers, and could expand the applicability of structural hydrogels to conditions involving more demanding mechanical loading. A strategy that combines freeze-casting and salting-out treatments produces strong, tough, stretchable and fatigue-resistant poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels.
通过冷冻铸造和盐析协同作用制备的强韧水凝胶，2021，590(7847): 594-599。天然承重材料如肌腱含有约 70%的水分，但仍然坚固耐用，即使在每年超过一百万次循环使用的情况下也是如此，这归因于多个长度尺度上各向异性结构的分级组装（1）。为了提高力学性能，已经通过静电纺丝（2）、挤出（3）、复合（4,5）、冷冻铸造（6,7）、自组装（8）和机械拉伸（9,10）等方法制备了合成水凝胶。然而，与肌腱相比，许多具有相同高水分含量的水凝胶并不表现出高强度、韧性和抗疲劳性。在这里，我们提出了一种利用冷冻辅助盐析处理制备多长度尺度分级水凝胶结构的方法。制备的聚乙烯醇水凝胶高度各向异性，包含微米级蜂窝状孔壁，这些孔壁又由相互连接的纳米纤维网组成。 这些水凝胶含水量为 70-95%，其性能与其他坚韧水凝胶甚至天然肌腱相当；例如，极限应力为 23.5 +/- 2.7 兆帕，应变水平为 2,900 +/- 450%，韧性为 210 +/- 13 兆焦耳/立方米，断裂能为 170 +/- 8 千焦耳/平方米，疲劳阈值为 10.5 +/- 1.3 千焦耳/平方米。所提出的策略可推广到其他聚合物，并可能扩大结构水凝胶在涉及更苛刻机械载荷条件下的应用范围。结合冷冻铸造和盐析处理的策略可产生强韧、可拉伸和耐疲劳的聚乙烯醇水凝胶。

[470] Tough-Hydrogel Reinforced Low-Tortuosity Conductive Networks for Stretchable and High-Performance Supercapacitors Advanced Materials, 2021, 33(26): e2100983. All-solid-state supercapacitors are seeing emerging applications in flexible and stretchable electronics. Supercapacitors with high capacitance, high power density, simple form factor, and good mechanical robustness are highly desired, which demands electrode materials with high surface area, high mass loading, good conductivity, larger thickness, low tortuosity, and high toughness. However, it has been challenging to simultaneously realize them in a single material. By compositing a superficial layer of tough hydrogel on conductive and low tortuous foams, a thick capacitor electrode with large capacitance (5.25 F cm(-2)), high power density (41.28 mW cm(-2)), and good mechanical robustness (epsilon = 140%, Gamma = 1000 J m(-2)) is achieved. The tough hydrogel serves as both a load-bearing layer to maintain structural integrity during deformation and a permeable binder to allow interaction between the conductive electrode and electrolyte. It is shown that the tough hydrogel reinforcement is beneficial for both electrical and mechanical stability. With a simple design and facile fabrication, this strategy is generalizable for various conductive materials.
[470] 超强韧性水凝胶增强低曲折导电网络用于可拉伸高性能超级电容器，先进材料，2021，33(26)：e2100983。全固态超级电容器在柔性可拉伸电子器件中的应用正在兴起。具有高电容、高功率密度、简单结构形式和良好机械强度的超级电容器非常受欢迎，这要求电极材料具有高比表面积、高质量负载、良好导电性、较大厚度、低曲折率和高韧性。然而，在单一材料中同时实现这些特性一直具有挑战性。通过在导电和低曲折泡沫上复合一层超强韧性水凝胶，实现了具有大电容（5.25 F cm(-2)）、高功率密度（41.28 mW cm(-2)）和良好机械强度（epsilon = 140%，Gamma = 1000 J m(-2)）的厚电容器电极。超强韧性水凝胶既作为承载层以保持变形过程中的结构完整性，又作为多孔粘合剂以允许导电电极与电解质之间的相互作用。 研究表明，坚韧的水凝胶增强剂对电学和力学稳定性都有益。这种策略设计简单、制备简便，适用于各种导电材料。

[471] 4d Printable Tough and Thermoresponsive Hydrogels ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2021, 13(11): 12689-12697. Hydrogels with attractive stimuli-responsive volume changing abilities are seeing emerging applications as soft actuators and robots. However, many hydrogels are intrinsically soft and fragile for tolerating mechanical damage in real world applications and could not deliver high actuation force because of the mechanical weakness of the porous polymer network. Conventional tough hydrogels, fabricated by forming double networks, dual cross-linking, and compositing, could not satisfy both high toughness and high stimuli responsiveness. Herein, we present a material design of combining responsive and tough components in a single hydrogel network, which enables the synergistic realization of high toughness and actuation performance. We showcased this material design in an exemplary tough and thermally responsive hydrogel based on PVA/(PVA-MA)-g-PNIPAM, which achieved 100 times higher toughness (similar to 10 MJ/m(3)) and 20 times higher actuation stress (similar to 10 kPa) compared to conventional PNIPAM hydrogels, and a contraction ratio of up to 50% simultaneously. The effects of salt concentration, polymer ratio, and structural design on the mechanical and actuation properties have been systematically investigated. Utilizing 4D printing, actuators of various geometries were fabricated, as well as lattice-architected hydrogels with macro-voids, presenting 4 times faster actuation speed compared to bulk hydrogel, in addition to the high toughness, actuation force, and contraction ratio.
[471] 4D 可打印高强度和热响应性水凝胶 ACS 应用材料与界面，2021，13(11)：12689-12697。具有吸引力的刺激响应体积变化能力的水凝胶在软执行器和机器人领域的应用正在兴起。然而，许多水凝胶在现实世界应用中本质上是柔软且脆弱的，无法承受机械损伤，并且由于多孔聚合物网络的机械弱点，无法提供高驱动力。通过形成双网络、双重交联和复合制成的传统高强度水凝胶无法同时满足高强度和高刺激响应性。在此，我们提出了一种将响应性和高强度组件结合在单一水凝胶网络中的材料设计，这实现了高强度和驱动性能的协同实现。我们以基于 PVA/(PVA-MA)-g-PNIPAM 的典型高强度和热响应性水凝胶为例展示了这种材料设计，该水凝胶的强度比传统 PNIPAM 水凝胶高 100 倍（类似 10 MJ/m³），驱动应力高 20 倍（类似 10 kPa），同时收缩率高达 50%。 盐浓度、聚合物比例和结构设计对机械和驱动性能的影响已得到系统研究。利用 4D 打印技术，制造了各种几何形状的驱动器，以及具有宏观空洞的晶格结构水凝胶，其驱动速度比块状水凝胶快 4 倍，同时还具有高韧性、驱动力和收缩比。

[472] Swaying Gel: Chemo-Mechanical Self-Oscillation Based on Dynamic Buckling Matter, 2021, 4(3): 1029-1041. Self-oscillating systems are powerful tools for transducing static energy inputs into repetitive motions without the aid of external control units. The challenge in sustaining the far-from-equilibrium motion of an oscillating material is to avoid the tendency of reaching thermodynamic equilibrium or get pinned at steady states in the dynamic process. While living organisms present elegant strategies in myriad self-oscillations (e.g., peristalsis, cilia motion, homeostasis), current synthetic self-oscillating systems often rely on a fast actuation/reaction, to maintain the far-from-equilibrium motion, which prescribe highly specific chemical reactions and a material microstructure with limited stimuli and movement modes. Here, we present a dynamic buckling-based design for creating self -oscillating systems. The oscillation arises from the self-driven snap through of a responsive hydrogel between bi-/multi-stable buckling configurations governed by a feedback loop. With broad choices of materials, tunable mechanics, and physical simplicity, this system opens a new venue for unlimited autonomous-oscillating materials applications.
摆动凝胶：基于动态屈曲物质的化学-机械自振荡，2021，4(3)：1029-1041。自振荡系统是转换静态能量输入为重复运动而不需要外部控制单元的强大工具。维持振荡材料远离平衡运动的挑战在于避免达到热力学平衡或动态过程中的稳态锁定。虽然生物体在众多自振荡（例如，蠕动、纤毛运动、稳态）中表现出优雅的策略，但当前的合成自振荡系统通常依赖于快速的驱动/反应，以维持远离平衡的运动，这规定了高度特定的化学反应和具有有限刺激和运动模式的材料微结构。在此，我们提出了一种基于动态屈曲的创建自振荡系统的设计。振荡源于响应性水凝胶在由反馈回路控制的二/多稳态屈曲配置之间自驱动地瞬间穿过。 材料选择广泛、力学可调、物理结构简单，该系统为无限自主振荡材料应用开辟了新的领域。

[473] Soft-Fiber-Reinforced Tough and Fatigue Resistant Hydrogels Matter, 2021, 4(6): 1755-1757. Drawing inspiration from natural materials, a new practical strategy for fabricating strong, tough and fatigue resistant hydrogels is reported by compositing modulus-contrasting, but compositionally similar, hydrogel fibers and matrix together. The strategy is generalizable to various fabrication methods such as 3D printing, electrospinning, and molding.
[473] 软纤维增强的耐磨损和抗疲劳水凝胶材料，2021，4(6)：1755-1757。受自然材料的启发，一种新的实用策略被提出，通过复合模量对比但成分相似的凝胶纤维和基质来制造强韧、耐磨损和抗疲劳的水凝胶。该策略可推广到各种制造方法，如 3D 打印、静电纺丝和成型。

[474] Research Directions for Next-Generation Battery Management Solutions in Automotive Applications Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2021, 152: 111695. Current battery management systems (BMSs) in automotive applications monitor and control batteries in a relatively simple, conservative manner, with limited capabilities of sensing, estimation, proactive controls, and fault diagnosis. With ever-increasing computing power onboard and/or in the cloud, enhanced environmental perception and vehicular communications, emerging electrified vehicles and smart grids provide unprecedented opportunities for designing and developing next-generation smart BMSs. However, three entrenched technical challenges need to be addressed, including 1) limited knowledge of battery internal states and parameters; 2) poor adaptability to extreme operating conditions; and 3) lack of efficient predictive maintenance, resulting in great concern for battery safety and economy. This paper aims to present some critical insights into possible solutions to the three challenges. First, the multi-physics coupled battery modeling concept is introduced to emphasize that looking at mechanical-electrochemical-thermal-aging dynamics is critically important for devising revolutionary BMS algorithms. Second, electrothermal modeling, advanced optimization routines, and predictive control with vehicular autonomy and connectivity facilitate innovative designs in dynamically hysteresis-aware thermal management, heat transfer under extreme fast charging, and preheating in a cold climate. Third, battery models and machine learning are complementary and can be very useful for improving battery remaining useful life prediction and fault diagnosis, achieving high-efficiency predictive maintenance.
下一代汽车应用电池管理系统研究方向，《可再生能源与可持续能源评论》，2021，152：111695。当前汽车应用中的电池管理系统（BMS）以相对简单、保守的方式监控和控制电池，传感、估计、主动控制和故障诊断能力有限。随着车载和/或在云端计算能力的不断增长，增强的环境感知和车辆通信，以及新兴的电动车辆和智能电网为设计和开发下一代智能 BMS 提供了前所未有的机会。然而，需要解决三个根深蒂固的技术挑战，包括 1）对电池内部状态和参数的了解有限；2）对极端工作条件的适应性差；3）缺乏有效的预测性维护，这引起了人们对电池安全和经济的极大关注。本文旨在提出解决这三个挑战的一些关键见解。 首先，介绍了多物理场耦合电池建模概念，强调在设计中考虑机械-电化学-热-老化动力学对于制定革命性的电池管理系统（BMS）算法至关重要。其次，电热建模、高级优化程序以及与车辆自主性和连接性相结合的预测控制，促进了动态滞回感知热管理、极端快速充电下的传热以及在寒冷气候下的预热等创新设计。第三，电池模型与机器学习相辅相成，对于提高电池剩余使用寿命预测和故障诊断，实现高效预测维护非常有用。

[475] A Review on Various Optical Fibre Sensing Methods for Batteries Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2021, 150. Batteries have rapidly evolved and are widely applied in both stationary and transport applications. The safe and reliable operation is of vital importance to all types of batteries, herein an effective battery sensing system with high performance and easy implementation is critically needed. This also requires the sensing system to monitor the states of batteries in real time. Among the available methods, optical fibre sensors have shown a significant advantage due to their advanced capabilities of which include the fast measurement of multiple parameters with high sensitivity, working without interfering the battery performance, being able to be composited in multiplexed configurations and being robust to various harsh environment conditions. This paper mainly discusses the current optical fibre sensing methods for batteries in terms of the working principles and critical reviews the sensing performance corresponding to different sensing parameters. Moreover, the challenges and outlooks for future research on battery sensing are derived.
[475] 关于各种光纤传感方法在电池中的应用综述，可再生能源与可持续发展评论，2021，150。电池迅速发展并广泛应用于固定和运输应用中。对所有类型的电池来说，安全可靠的操作至关重要，因此迫切需要一种具有高性能和易于实施的电池传感系统。这也要求传感系统能够实时监测电池状态。在现有方法中，光纤传感器因其先进的性能显示出显著优势，包括快速测量多个参数并具有高灵敏度、不干扰电池性能、能够复合成复用配置以及适应各种恶劣环境条件。本文主要从工作原理方面讨论了电池当前的光纤传感方法，并对不同传感参数对应的传感性能进行了批判性回顾。此外，还推导了电池传感未来研究的挑战和展望。

[476] Fiber Bragg Grating Based Acceleration Sensors: A Review Sensor Review, 2021, 41(1): 101-122. Purpose The purpose of this study is to present the state of the art for fiber Bragg grating (FBG) acceleration sensing technologies from two aspects: the principle of the measurement dimension and the principle of the sensing configuration. Some commercial sensors have also been introduced and future work in this field has also been discussed. This paper could provide an important reference for the research community. Design/methodology/approach This review is to present the state of the art for FBG acceleration sensing technologies from two aspects: the principle of the measurement dimension (one-dimension and multi-dimension) and the principle of the sensing configuration (beam type, radial vibration type, axial vibration type and other composite structures). Findings The current research on developing FBG acceleration sensors is mainly focused on the sensing method, the construction and design of the elastic structure and the design of a new information detection method. This paper hypothesizes that in the future, the following research trends will be strengthened: common single-mode fiber grating of the low cost and high utilization rate; high sensitivity and strength special fiber grating; multi-core fiber grating for measuring single-parameter multi-dimensional information or multi-parameter information; demodulating equipment of low cost, small volume and high sampling frequency. Originality/value The principle of the measurement dimension and principle of the sensing configuration for FBG acceleration sensors have been introduced, which could provide an important reference for the research community.
[476] 基于光纤布拉格光栅的加速度传感器：综述 传感器综述，2021，41(1)：101-122。目的本研究旨在从两个方面介绍光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）加速度传感技术的最新进展：测量维度的原理（一维和多维）和传感配置的原理（光束型、径向振动型、轴向振动型和其他复合结构）。一些商用传感器也已被介绍，并且还讨论了该领域未来的工作。本文可为研究界提供重要参考。设计/方法/途径本综述旨在从两个方面介绍 FBG 加速度传感技术的最新进展：测量维度的原理（一维和多维）和传感配置的原理（光束型、径向振动型、轴向振动型和其他复合结构）。发现目前对 FBG 加速度传感器的研究主要集中在传感方法、弹性结构的构建和设计以及新型信息检测方法的设计。 本文假设未来以下研究趋势将得到加强：低成本高利用率的单模光纤光栅；高灵敏度高强度特殊光纤光栅；用于测量单参数多维信息或多参数信息的复合光纤光栅；低成本、小体积、高采样频率的解调设备。创新/价值：介绍了 FBG 加速度传感器的测量维度原理和传感配置原理，这可以为研究界提供重要参考。

[477] Force‐Induced Molecular Isomerization for the Construction of Multicolor Luminescent Segmented Molecular Crystals Advanced Optical Materials, 2021, 10(2).
[477] 用于构建多彩发光分段分子晶体的力诱导分子异构化，先进光学材料，2021，10(2)。

[478] Engineering Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogel Photonic Constructs: From Multiscale Detection to the Biofabrication of Living Optical Fibers Advanced Materials, 2021, 33(52): e2105361. Solid-state optics has been the pillar of modern digital age. Integrating soft hydrogel materials with micro/nanooptics could expand the horizons of photonics for bioengineering. Here, wet-spun multilayer hydrogel fibers are engineered through ionic-crosslinked natural polysaccharides that serve as multifunctional platforms. The resulting flexible hydrogel structure and reversible crosslinking provide tunable design properties such as adjustable refractive index and fusion splicing. Modulation of the optical readout via physical stimuli, including shape, compression, and multiple optical inputs/outputs is demonstrated. The unique permeability of the hydrogels is also combined with plasmonic nanoparticles for molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 in fiber-coupled biomedical swabs. A tricoaxial 3D printing nozzle is then employed for the continuous fabrication of living optical fibers. Light interaction with living cells enables the quantification and digitalization of complex biological phenomena such as 3D cancer progression and drug susceptibility. These fibers pave the way for advances in biomaterial-based photonics and biosensing platforms.
[478] 基于多糖水凝胶的光子结构工程：从多尺度检测到活体光纤的生物制造 高分子材料科学，2021，33(52)：e2105361. 固态光学是现代数字时代的支柱。将软水凝胶材料与微/纳米光学相结合可以拓展生物工程领域光子学的视野。在此，通过离子交联天然多糖制备了湿法纺丝多层水凝胶纤维，这些纤维作为多功能平台。所得的柔性水凝胶结构和可逆交联提供了可调设计特性，如可调折射率和熔融对接。通过物理刺激（包括形状、压缩和多个光学输入/输出）调节光学读出的方法也得到了展示。水凝胶的独特渗透性还与等离子体纳米颗粒结合，用于纤维耦合生物医学拭子中 SARS-CoV-2 的分子检测。然后采用三轴 3D 打印喷嘴进行活体光纤的连续制造。 光与活细胞的相互作用使得对复杂生物现象，如 3D 癌症进展和药物敏感性进行定量和数字化成为可能。这些纤维为基于生物材料的 photonics 和生物传感平台的发展铺平了道路。

[479] Gelatin-Based Photonic Hydrogels for Visual Detection of Pathogenic Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical, 2021, 329: 129137-129144. Identification or detection of pathogenic microbes is one of the most important aspects to prevent and/or treat bacterial infection. In this study, we report a facile yet versatile strategy for preparation of gelatin-based photonic hydrogel sensors for visual detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The photonic hydrogels are generated by in-situ photopolymerization of acrylamide (AM), N, N'-methylenebis-(acrylamide) (BIS), and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) with the self-assembled one-dimensional (1D) chain-like structures of carbon-encapsulated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@C NPs). In the presence of P. aeruginosa, the hydrolysis of gelatin triggered by gelatinase reduces the crosslinking density of photonic hydrogel, expands the hydrogel in volume, increases the lattice spacing of the colloidal particles, and red-shifts the reflection spectra of the photonic hydrogel. The optical appearance variation of the photonic hydrogel, resulting from the reflection peak shift, can be observed by naked eyes. Besides, we show that the photonic hydrogels exhibit negligible appearance changes with the presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli), indicating their potential for distinguishing various bacteria by a simple structural color variation. This finding provides a proof-of-concept for a colorimetric sensor for visual detection of P. aeruginosa and demonstrates the great potential of the photonic hydrogels in visual detection of pathogens.
基于明胶的光子水凝胶用于病原体传感器的视觉检测和执行器-B-化学，2021，329：129137-129144。病原微生物的鉴定或检测是预防和/或治疗细菌感染最重要的方面之一。在本研究中，我们报道了一种简便而通用的策略，用于制备基于明胶的光子水凝胶传感器，用于视觉检测铜绿假单胞菌（P. aeruginosa）。光子水凝胶是通过原位光聚合丙烯酰胺（AM）、N，N'-亚甲基双（丙烯酰胺）（BIS）和明胶甲基丙烯酸酯（GelMA）以及自组装的一维（1D）链状结构的碳包覆 Fe3O4 纳米粒子（Fe3O4@C NPs）生成的。在铜绿假单胞菌存在的情况下，由明胶酶触发的明胶水解降低了光子水凝胶的交联密度，扩大了水凝胶的体积，增加了胶体粒子的晶格间距，并使光子水凝胶的反射光谱红移。由于反射峰的偏移，光子水凝胶的光学外观变化可以通过肉眼观察到。 此外，我们表明光子水凝胶在存在大肠杆菌（E. coli）的情况下表现出可忽略的外观变化，这表明它们有可能通过简单的结构颜色变化来区分各种细菌。这一发现为一种比色传感器提供了概念验证，用于视觉检测铜绿假单胞菌（P. aeruginosa），并展示了光子水凝胶在视觉检测病原体中的巨大潜力。

[480] Rechargeable Batteries of the Future—the State of the Art from a Battery 2030+ Perspective Advanced Energy Materials, 2021, 12(17).
[480] 未来可充电电池的现状——从 2030+电池的角度看，先进能源材料，2021，12(17)。

[481] Photonic Crystal Based Biosensors: Emerging Inverse Opals for Biomarker Detection Talanta, 2021, 221: 121615-121629. Photonic crystal (PC)-based inverse opal (IO) arrays are one of the substrates for label-free sensing mechanism. IO-based materials with their advanced and ordered three-dimensional microporous structures have recently found attractive optical sensor and biological applications in the detection of biomolecules like proteins, DNA, viruses, etc. The unique optical and structural properties of IO materials can simplify the improvements in non-destructive optical study capabilities for point of care testing (POCT) used within a wide variety of biosensor research. In this review, which is an interdisciplinary investigation among nanotechnology, biology, chemistry and medical sciences, the recent fabrication methodologies and the main challenges regarding the application of (inverse opals) IOs in terms of their bio-sensing capability are summarized.
基于光子晶体的生物传感器：用于生物标志物检测的兴起逆光学宝石 Talanta，2021，221：121615-121629。基于光子晶体（PC）的逆光学宝石（IO）阵列是无标记传感机制的一种基底。具有先进和有序的三维微孔结构的 IO 材料最近在检测蛋白质、DNA、病毒等生物分子方面的光学传感器和生物应用中引起了人们的兴趣。IO 材料的独特光学和结构特性可以简化用于各种生物传感器研究中的即时护理测试（POCT）的非破坏性光学研究能力的改进。在这篇综述中，它是一项涉及纳米技术、生物学、化学和医学科学的跨学科研究，总结了最近关于（逆光学宝石）IO 在生物传感能力方面的应用制造方法和主要挑战。

[482] Review on the Revolution of Polymer Electrolytes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Energy & Fuels, 2021, 35(23): 19320-19350. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are a suitable replacement for conventional silicon solar cells due to their unique features, such as high energy conversion efficiency and cheap manufacturing cost. The liquid-state DSSCs, however, are poorly sustainable on a long-term basis because volatile liquids are used. The early intention of incorporating polymer into the liquid electrolytes was to curb the problem encountered by liquid electrolytes and enable the DSSCs to function as a long-term stability device. This work briefly reviews how the improvisation has been done on the polymer electrolytes formulation and the extent of how each element can affect the cell efficiency and long-term stability. The role of each component, such as the type of host polymer, iodide salts, nanoparticles, and organic additives that improve the performance of DSSCs, has also been highlighted. This clarified the main purpose of introducing various types of additives into electrolytes to enhance the transport properties as well as the performance of the DSSCs.
聚合物电解质在染料敏化太阳能电池革命中的综述 能源与燃料，2021，35(23)：19320-19350。染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSCs）由于其独特的特性，如高能量转换效率和低廉的制造成本，是传统硅太阳能电池的理想替代品。然而，由于使用了挥发性液体，液态 DSSCs 在长期使用上难以持续。将聚合物引入液态电解液的早期意图是为了解决液态电解液遇到的问题，并使 DSSCs 能够作为长期稳定装置运行。本文简要回顾了聚合物电解质配方的改进以及每个元素如何影响电池效率和长期稳定性的程度。还强调了每个组分的作用，例如宿主聚合物的类型、碘化物盐、纳米颗粒和有机添加剂，这些添加剂可以提高 DSSCs 的性能。这阐明了将各种类型的添加剂引入电解液以提高传输性能以及 DSSCs 性能的主要目的。

[483] Visual and Quantitative Detection of Cn Ion in Aqueous Media by an Hbt-Br and Thiazolium Conjugated Fluorometric and Colorimetric Probe: Real Samples and Useful Applications Talanta, 2021, 221: 121639-121645. Cyanide released from mostly industrial production is a highly toxic chemical. Its heavy industrial use and transportation increase the danger of human exposure. Since it can often lead to rapid death, selective, sensitive and on-site and rapid monitoring techniques for the detection of cyanide are essential. Therefore, we report an efficient cyanide probe based on thiazolium conjugated HBT-Br derivative. It has striking color change toward cyanide blue to yellow under daylight or colorless to cyan under UV-light. Interaction modes of the probe are based on ESIPT and ICT processes. It is selectively able to react free aqueous cyanide with detection limit of 1.79 mu M, lower than physiologically lethal blood levels, >20 mu M. Smartphone assisted and test kit applications are able to detect cyanide, qualitatively. Moreover, real samples such as tap or lake water and apricot seeds including cyanide are successfully determined through the present probe. Therefore, the designed probe displays excellent practical potential toward cyanide.
[483] 通过 Hbt-Br 和噻唑啉偶联荧光和比色探针在水中介质中对 Cn 离子的视觉和定量检测：实际样品和有用应用 Talanta，2021，221：121639-121645。从工业生产中释放的氰化物是一种高度有毒的化学物质。其重工业使用和运输增加了人类暴露的危险性。由于它往往会导致迅速死亡，因此检测氰化物的选择性、灵敏性和现场快速监测技术对于氰化物的检测至关重要。因此，我们报道了一种基于噻唑啉偶联 HBT-Br 衍生物的高效氰化物探针。它在日光下对氰化物蓝到黄色的颜色变化非常明显，在紫外光下从无色变为氰色。探针的相互作用模式基于 ESIPT 和 ICT 过程。它能够选择性地与游离水相氰化物反应，检测限为 1.79 微摩尔，低于生理致命的血浓度，>20 微摩尔。智能手机辅助和测试套件应用能够定性检测氰化物。此外，通过本探针成功确定了含有氰化物的实际样品，如自来水、湖水、杏核等。 因此，设计的探头在氰化物方面显示出卓越的实际应用潜力。

[484] Tendon-Inspired Anti-Freezing Tough Gels iScience, 2021, 24(9): 102989. Hydrogels have gained tremendous attention due to their versatility in soft electronics, actuators, biomedical sensors, etc. Due to the high water content, hydrogels are usually soft, weak, and freeze below 0 degrees C, which brings severe limitations to applications such as soft robotics and flexible electronics in harsh environments. Most existing anti-freezing gels suffer from poor mechanical properties and urgently need further improvements. Here, we took inspirations fromtendon and coniferous trees and provided an effective method to strengthen polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel while making it freeze resistant. The salting-out effect was utilized to create a hierarchically structured polymer network, which induced superior mechanical properties (Young's modulus: 10.1 MPa, tensile strength: 13.5 MPa, and toughness: 127.9 MJ/m(3)). Meanwhile, the cononsolvency effect was employed to preserve the structure and suppress the freezing point to similar to 60 degrees C. Moreover, we have demonstrated the broad applicability of our material by fabricating PVA hydrogel-based hydraulic actuators and ionic conductors.
[484] 受肌腱启发的抗冻高强度凝胶 iScience，2021，24(9)：102989。水凝胶因其软电子学、驱动器、生物医学传感器等领域的多功能性而受到极大的关注。由于水含量高，水凝胶通常较软、强度弱，且在 0 摄氏度以下冻结，这给软体机器人学和恶劣环境中的柔性电子学等应用带来了严重限制。大多数现有的抗冻凝胶都存在机械性能差的问题，迫切需要进一步改进。在这里，我们受到了肌腱和针叶树灵感的启发，提供了一种有效的方法来增强聚乙烯醇（PVA）水凝胶，同时使其具有抗冻性。利用盐析效应创建了一个具有分级结构的聚合物网络，从而诱导出优异的机械性能（杨氏模量：10.1 MPa，抗拉强度：13.5 MPa，韧性：127.9 MJ/m³）。同时，利用非溶剂效应来保持结构并抑制冻结点至约 60 摄氏度。 此外，我们通过制造基于 PVA 水凝胶的液压驱动器和离子导体，展示了我们材料的广泛应用。

[485] Hydrogel-Based Optical Ion Sensors: Principles and Challenges for Point-of-Care Testing and Environmental Monitoring ACS Sensors, 2021, 6(6): 1990-2001. Hydrogel is a unique family of biocompatible materials with growing applications in chemical and biological sensors. During the past few decades, various hydrogel-based optical ion sensors have been developed aiming at point-of-care testing and environmental monitoring. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of the research field including topics such as photonic crystals, DNAzyme cross-linked hydrogels, ionophore-based ion sensing hydrogels, and fluoroionophore-based optodes. As the different sensing principles are summarized, each strategy offers its advantages and limitations. In a nutshell, developing optical ion sensing hydrogels is still in the early stage with many opportunities lying ahead, especially with challenges in selectivity, assay time, detection limit, and usability.
[485] 基于水凝胶的光学离子传感器：即时检测和环境监测的原理与挑战 ACS 传感器，2021，6(6)：1990-2001。水凝胶是一种独特的生物相容性材料家族，在化学和生物传感器中的应用日益增长。在过去几十年中，各种基于水凝胶的光学离子传感器被开发出来，旨在用于即时检测和环境监测。在本篇评论中，我们概述了研究领域，包括光子晶体、DNA 酶交联水凝胶、离子载体基离子传感水凝胶和氟离子载体基光敏元件等主题。随着不同传感原理的总结，每种策略都提供了其优势和局限性。简而言之，开发光学离子传感水凝胶仍处于早期阶段，未来有许多机会，尤其是在选择性、检测时间、检测限和实用性方面的挑战。

[486] Programmable Mechanically Active Hydrogel-Based Materials Advanced Materials, 2021, 33(46): e2006600. Programmable mechanically active materials (MAMs) are defined as materials that can sense and transduce external stimuli into mechanical outputs or conversely that can detect mechanical stimuli and respond through an optical change or other change in the appearance of the material. Programmable MAMs are a subset of responsive materials and offer potential in next generation robotics and smart systems. This review specifically focuses on hydrogel-based MAMs because of their mechanical compliance, programmability, biocompatibility, and cost-efficiency. First, the composition of hydrogel MAMs along with the top-down and bottom-up approaches used for programming these materials are discussed. Next, the fundamental principles for engineering responsivity in MAMS, which includes optical, thermal, magnetic, electrical, chemical, and mechanical stimuli, are considered. Some advantages and disadvantages of different responsivities are compared. Then, to conclude, the emerging applications of hydrogel-based MAMs from recently published literature, as well as the future outlook of MAM studies, are summarized.
[486] 可编程机械活性水凝胶基材料 高分子材料科学，2021，33(46)：e2006600。可编程机械活性材料（MAMs）被定义为能够感知和转换外部刺激为机械输出或相反，能够检测机械刺激并通过材料外观的光学变化或其他变化来响应的材料。可编程 MAMs 是响应材料的一个子集，在下一代机器人和智能系统中具有潜力。本综述特别关注基于水凝胶的 MAMs，因为它们具有机械顺应性、可编程性、生物相容性和成本效益。首先，讨论了水凝胶 MAMs 的组成以及用于编程这些材料的自上而下和自下而上的方法。接下来，考虑了在 MAMS 中实现响应性的基本原理，包括光学、热、磁、电、化学和机械刺激。比较了不同响应性的优缺点。 然后，为了总结，本文总结了最近发表的文献中基于水凝胶的 MAMs 的新兴应用，以及 MAMs 研究的未来展望。

[487] Rapid Responsive Mechanochromic Photonic Pigments with Alternating Glassy-Rubbery Concentric Lamellar Nanostructures ACS Nano, 2021, 15(5): 8770-8779. Photonic pigment particles prepared via self-assembly have been suffering from their poor mechanical performances; i.e., they can easily be damaged and lose structural color under a compression force. This greatly limits their uses as mechanochromic pigments. Here, a nanoscale concentric lamellar structure of alternating glassy-rubbery microdomains is successfully created within photonic microparticles through a confined self-assembly and photo-cross-linking strategy. The glassy domain is composed of polystyrene, and cross-linked bottlebrush polydimethylsiloxane served as the supersoft elastic domain. The obtained photonic structure not only shows large deformation and visible color changes under a loaded compression force but also rapidly recovers to its original state in less than 1 s (similar to 0.16 s) upon unloading. Continuously loading-unloading micro compression test indicates that no obvious damage can be identified after 250 cycles, indicating the high durability of the pigments against deformation. These pigments with different reflected colors are simply obtained using bottlebrush block copolymer formulations with tunable weight percentages of polymer additives. The mechanical robust photonic pigments may be useful in many important applications.
[487] 具有交替玻璃-橡胶同心层状纳米结构的快速响应机械变色光子颜料 ACS Nano，2021，15（5）：8770-8779。通过自组装制备的光子颜料颗粒一直受到其较差的机械性能的困扰；即，它们在压缩力下很容易损坏并失去结构色。这极大地限制了它们作为机械变色颜料的应用。在这里，通过限制性自组装和光交联策略，在光子微颗粒中成功创建了一种交替玻璃-橡胶微域的纳米级同心层状结构。玻璃域由聚苯乙烯组成，交联瓶刷聚二甲基硅氧烷作为超软弹性域。获得的 photonic 结构不仅在加载压缩力下显示出大的形变和可见的颜色变化，而且在卸载后不到 1 秒（类似于 0.16 秒）内迅速恢复到其原始状态。连续加载-卸载微压缩测试表明，在 250 个循环后没有明显的损坏，表明颜料对形变的耐久性很高。 这些具有不同反射颜色的颜料，通过使用可调聚合物添加剂重量百分比的瓶刷状嵌段共聚物配方简单获得。机械坚固的光学颜料可能在许多重要应用中很有用。

[488] Investigation of a Biomass Hydrogel Electrolyte Naturally Stabilizing Cathodes for Zinc-Ion Batteries ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2021, 13(1): 745-754. Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have the potential to be utilized in a grid-scale energy storage system owing to their high energy density and cost-effective properties. However, the dissolution of cathode materials and the irreversible extraction of preintercalated metal ions in the electrode materials restrict the stability of AZIBs. Herein, a cathode-stabilized ZIB strategy is reported based on a natural biomass polymer sodium alginate as the electrolyte coupling with a Na+ preintercalated delta-Na0.65Mn2O4 center dot 1.31H(2)O cathode. The dissociated Na+ in alginate after gelation directly stabilizes the cathodes by preventing the collapse of layered structures during charge processes. The asfabricated ZIBs deliver a high capacity of 305 mA h g(-1) at 0.1 A g(-1), 10% higher than the ZIBs with an aqueous electrolyte. Further, the hybrid polymer electrolyte possessed an excellent Coulombic efficiency above 99% and a capacity retention of 96% within 1000 cycles at 2 A g(-1). A detailed investigation combining ex situ experiments uncovers the charge storage mechanism and the stability of assembled batteries, confirming the reversible diffusions of both Zn2+ and preintercalated Nat. A flexible device of ZIBs fabricated based on vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding possesses an outstanding performance of 160 mA h g(-1) at 1 A g(-1), which illustrates their potential for wearable electronics in mass production.
[488] 基于天然生物质聚合物海藻酸钠稳定锌离子电池正极的生物质水凝胶电解质研究 ACS 应用材料与界面，2021，13(1): 745-754。水系锌离子电池（AZIBs）由于其高能量密度和低成本特性，有望在电网规模储能系统中得到应用。然而，正极材料的溶解和电极材料中预嵌入金属离子的不可逆提取限制了 AZIBs 的稳定性。本研究报道了一种基于天然生物质聚合物海藻酸钠作为电解质，与 Na+预嵌入的 delta-Na0.65Mn2O4·1.31H(2)O 正极耦合的稳定正极的 ZIB 策略。凝胶化后海藻酸钠中的解离 Na+直接通过防止充电过程中层状结构的坍塌来稳定正极。所制备的 ZIBs 在 0.1 A g(-1)下提供 305 mA h g(-1)的高容量，比水系电解质的 ZIBs 高 10%。此外，混合聚合物电解质具有超过 99%的库仑效率和在 2 A g(-1)下 1000 次循环内的 96%容量保持率。 对离体实验进行详细研究，揭示了组装电池的充电存储机制和稳定性，证实了 Zn2+和预嵌入 Nat 的可逆扩散。基于真空辅助树脂传递模塑技术制备的 ZIBs 柔性器件在 1 A g(-1)下表现出 160 mA h g(-1)的优异性能，这展示了其在大规模生产可穿戴电子产品中的潜力。

[489] Stimuli-Responsive Conductive Hydrogels: Design, Properties, and Applications Materials Chemistry Frontiers, 2021, 5(5): 2092-2123. Stimuli-responsive conductive hydrogels have emerged as a new rising concept in the hydrogel research field due to their combined advantages of stimuli-responsivity and conductivity from conductive polymers (such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene), carbon nanomaterials (such as carbon nanotubes, graphene and graphene oxide), metals (such as Au and Ag), and conductive ionic compounds (such as Fe3+ and Al3+). To summarize the recent progress relating to stimuli-responsive conductive hydrogels, this review article discusses research into the preparation, performance, and applications of stimuli-responsive conductive hydrogels published in recent decades. The types of stimuli to which these hydrogels can respond, including temperature, pH, near-infrared (NIR) light, magnetic fields, electrical fields, and multiple stimuli, are classified and discussed. Applications of stimuli-responsive conductive hydrogels in sensors for human motion/health monitoring, electronic skin, on-off switchable electronic devices, actuators, controlled drug release, wound healing, photothermal therapy, tissue engineering, and cell delivery are demonstrated. Moreover, issues still needing to be solved and future directions for the development of new types of stimuli-responsive conductive hydrogels are also proposed in this review.
[489] 刺激响应导电水凝胶：设计、性质与应用 材料化学前沿，2021，5(5)：2092-2123。由于结合了导电聚合物（如聚苯胺、聚吡咯和聚噻吩）、碳纳米材料（如碳纳米管、石墨烯和氧化石墨烯）、金属（如金和银）以及导电离子化合物（如 Fe3+和 Al3+）的刺激响应性和导电性优势，刺激响应导电水凝胶已成为水凝胶研究领域的一个新兴概念。为了总结与刺激响应导电水凝胶相关的最新进展，本文综述了近年来发表的关于刺激响应导电水凝胶的制备、性能和应用的研究。讨论了这些水凝胶可以响应的刺激类型，包括温度、pH 值、近红外（NIR）光、磁场、电场和多种刺激。 刺激响应导电水凝胶在人体运动/健康监测传感器、电子皮肤、开关式电子设备、驱动器、药物控制释放、伤口愈合、光热治疗、组织工程和细胞递送中的应用得到展示。此外，本综述还提出了仍需解决的问题以及新型刺激响应导电水凝胶发展的未来方向。

[490] Electrical Bioadhesive Interface for Bioelectronics Nature Materials, 2021, 20(2): 229-+. Reliable functions of bioelectronic devices require conformal, stable and conductive interfaces with biological tissues. Integrating bioelectronic devices with tissues usually relies on physical attachment or surgical suturing; however, these methods face challenges such as non-conformal contact, unstable fixation, tissue damage, and/or scar formation. Here, we report an electrical bioadhesive (e-bioadhesive) interface, based on a thin layer of a graphene nanocomposite, that can provide rapid (adhesion formation within 5 s), robust (interfacial toughness >400 J m(-2)) and on-demand detachable integration of bioelectronic devices on diverse wet dynamic tissues. The electrical conductivity (>2.6 S m(-1)) of the e-bioadhesive interface further allows bidirectional bioelectronic communications. We demonstrate biocompatibility, applicability, mechanical and electrical stability, and recording and stimulation functionalities of the e-bioadhesive interface based on ex vivo porcine and in vivo rat models. These findings offer a promising strategy to improve tissue-device integration and enhance the performance of biointegrated electronic devices. A graphene nanocomposite hydrogel showing anisotropic swelling is used to realize an electrically conducting and removable bioadhesive that improves the mechanical and electrical integration of bioelectronics devices with wet dynamic tissues.
[490] 生物电子学用电生物粘附界面 自然材料，2021，20(2)：229-+. 生物电子设备的可靠功能需要与生物组织具有符合性、稳定性和导电性的界面。将生物电子设备与组织集成通常依赖于物理附着或外科缝合；然而，这些方法面临非符合性接触、不稳定固定、组织损伤和/或疤痕形成等挑战。在此，我们报道了一种基于石墨烯纳米复合薄膜的电生物粘附（e-bioadhesive）界面，该界面可以实现生物电子设备在多种湿润动态组织上的快速（5 秒内形成粘附）、坚固（界面韧性>400 J m(-2)）和按需可拆卸集成。e-bioadhesive 界面的电导率（>2.6 S m(-1)）进一步允许双向生物电子通信。我们通过离体猪模型和体内大鼠模型证明了 e-bioadhesive 界面的生物相容性、适用性、机械和电稳定性以及记录和刺激功能。 这些发现提供了一种改善组织-设备整合并提升生物集成电子设备性能的可行策略。一种具有各向异性膨胀的石墨烯纳米复合材料水凝胶被用来实现一种导电且可移除的生物粘合剂，从而提高生物电子设备与湿润动态组织之间的机械和电学整合。

[491] Voices of Chemical Biology Nature Chemical Biology, 2021, 17(1): 1-4. We asked a collection of chemical biologists, "What was the most exciting research achievement or technology innovation in chemical biology in the last five years?" and reveal some of the perspectives we received.
[491] 化学生物学之声 自然化学生物学，2021，17(1)：1-4。我们询问了一组化学生物学家：“在过去五年中，化学生物学中最令人兴奋的研究成果或技术创新是什么？”并揭示了一些我们收到的观点。

[492] Surface‐Bound Microgels for Separation, Sensing, and Biomedical Applications Advanced Functional Materials, 2021, 31(47).
[492] 表面微凝胶在分离、传感和生物医学应用中的研究 高性能材料，2021，31(47)。

[493] Mechanochromism in Structurally Colored Polymeric Materials Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 2021, 42(1): e2000528. Mechanochromic effects in structurally colored materials are the result of deformation-induced changes to their ordered nanostructures. Polymeric materials which respond in this way to deformation offer an attractive combination of characteristics, including continuous strain sensing, high strain resolution, and a wide strain-sensing range. Such materials are potentially useful for a wide range of applications, which extend from pressure-sensing bandages to anti-counterfeiting devices. Focusing on the materials design aspects, recent developments in this field are summarized. The article starts with an overview of different approaches to achieve mechanochromic effects in structurally colored materials, before the physical principles governing the interaction of light with each of these materials types are summarized. Diverse methodologies to prepare these polymers are then discussed in detail, and where applicable, naturally occurring materials that inspired the design of artificial systems are discussed. The capabilities and limitations of structurally colored materials in reporting and visualizing mechanical deformation are examined from a general standpoint and also in more specific technological contexts. To conclude, current trends in the field are highlighted and possible future opportunities are identified.
[493] 结构着色聚合物材料中的机械色变 Macromolecular Rapid Communications，2021，42(1): e2000528。结构着色材料中的机械色变效应是变形引起的有序纳米结构变化的结果。对变形做出这种反应的聚合物材料提供了一系列引人注目的特性组合，包括连续应变传感、高应变分辨率和宽应变传感范围。这类材料在从压力传感绷带到防伪设备等广泛的应用中具有潜在用途。本文重点关注材料设计方面，总结了该领域最近的发展。文章首先概述了实现结构着色材料中机械色变的不同方法，然后总结了控制光与每种材料类型相互作用的基本物理原理。然后详细讨论了制备这些聚合物的方法，并在适用的情况下，讨论了启发人工系统设计的天然材料。 从一般角度以及在更具体的科技背景下，对结构着色材料在报告和可视化机械变形方面的能力和局限性进行了考察。最后，突出了该领域的当前趋势，并确定了可能的未来机遇。

[494] Raman Spectroscopy and Imaging in Bioanalytics Analytical Chemistry, 2021, 94(1): 86-119.
[494] 生物分析中的拉曼光谱和成像，分析化学，2021，94(1)：86-119。

[495] Basic Principles of Hydrogel-Based Tissue Transformation Technologies and Their Applications Cell, 2021, 184(16): 4115-4136. Emerging tissue transformation technologies provide an unprecedented opportunity to investigate system-level molecular and anatomical features in situ. Hydrogel-based methods engineer physicochemical tissue properties to render intact organs optically transparent and size and shape adjustable while preserving bio-molecules at their physiological locations. When combined with advanced molecular tools, labeling, and imaging techniques, tissue transformation enables three-dimensional (3D) mapping of molecules, cells, and their interrelationships at increasing speeds and resolutions. In this review, we discuss the basic engineering principles of tissue transformation and labeling techniques as well as their broad applications, current challenges, and future potential.
[495] 基于水凝胶的组织转化技术的基本原理及其应用 细胞，2021，184(16)：4115-4136。新兴的组织转化技术为在原位研究系统级分子和形态学特征提供了前所未有的机会。基于水凝胶的方法通过工程化物理化学组织特性，使完整器官在光学上变得透明，尺寸和形状可调，同时保持生物分子在其生理位置。当与先进的分子工具、标记和成像技术相结合时，组织转化能够以越来越高的速度和分辨率进行分子、细胞及其相互关系的三维（3D）映射。在本综述中，我们讨论了组织转化和标记技术的工程原理以及它们的广泛应用、当前挑战和未来潜力。

[496] Recent Progress in Self-Healing Polymers and Hydrogels Based on Reversible Dynamic B–O Bonds: Boronic/Boronate Esters, Borax, and Benzoxaborole Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2021, 9(26): 14630-14655.
[496] 基于可逆动态 B-O 键的自修复聚合物和水凝胶的最新进展：硼酸/硼酸酯、硼砂和苯并唑硼醇 材料化学 A，2021，9(26)：14630-14655。

[497] Recent Progress on Hydrogel Actuators Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2021, 9(7): 1762-1780. Hydrogels are known to be soft and wet smart materials that respond to external stimuli. Numerous hydrogel actuators have been developed that perform volume and shape changes, and reversible motions. Heterogeneity, periodicity, and integration of hydrogels with different properties are needed to realize biomimetic motions. In order to achieve specific actuations with predictable pathways, it is critical to fabricate hydrogel structures in a well-controlled manner. This review article summarizes recent progress in representative methods to fabricate hydrogel actuators by different methods, ranging from sequential synthesis, macroscopic supramolecular assembling, field-induced alignment, photolithography, ionoprinting, 3D printing, and gradient structuring. The advantages and limits of these methods are compared and analyzed. Finally, a brief perspective and conclusion are presented to point out some important issues for further studies.
[497] 水凝胶驱动器最新进展 材料化学 B，2021，9(7)：1762-1780。水凝胶被认为是柔软湿润的智能材料，能够对外部刺激做出反应。已经开发出许多水凝胶驱动器，它们能够执行体积和形状变化以及可逆运动。为了实现仿生运动，需要水凝胶与不同性能的异质性、周期性和集成。为了实现具有可预测路径的特定驱动，以良好的控制方式制造水凝胶结构至关重要。本文综述了通过不同方法（包括顺序合成、宏观超分子组装、场诱导排列、光刻、离子打印、3D 打印和梯度结构）制造水凝胶驱动器的代表性方法的研究进展。比较和分析了这些方法的优缺点。最后，简要展望和总结了一些重要问题，以指出进一步研究的方向。

[498] Dynamic Regulation of Photoluminescence Based on Mechanochromic Photonic Elastomers Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021, 426. Photonic crystals (PCs) are emerging advanced functional materials with a unique capability of regulating light propagation and have been demonstrated promising in tuning photoluminescence (PL) of fluorophores for sensing and displaying devices. However, it remains highly desired and challenging to develop robust PC platforms for facile dynamic regulation of PL of fluorophores. Herein, we demonstrate dynamic regulation of the PL properties of fluorophores by using photonic elastomers (PEs) with a tunable photonic bandgap (PBG) via a facile stretching process. When being combined with fluorophores (e.g., quantum dots (QDs), Rhodamine B (RhB), and rare earth complexes), shifting of the PBG can realize dynamic regulation of PL properties of fluorophores. We show that during stretching, when the PBG matched well with the PL peak, similar to 1.8-fold enhancement of PL intensity of QDs on the surface of the PEs and similar to 40% inhibition of PL intensity of RhB incorporated within the PEs. We further showed that the composite PEs with embedded RhB can be used as a multi-mode anticounterfeiting tape, which exhibited mechanochromic properties in both structural color and PL under natural and UV light. This study presents a new platform for the dynamic regulation of PL and expands the practical application prospect of PCs.
[498] 基于机械色光子弹性体的光致发光动态调控 化学工程学报，2021，426。光子晶体（PCs）是一种新兴的先进功能材料，具有调节光传播的独特能力，并在调节荧光探针的光致发光（PL）以用于传感和显示设备方面展现出巨大潜力。然而，开发出能够轻松动态调控荧光探针 PL 的稳健 PC 平台仍然是一个高度期望且具有挑战性的任务。在此，我们通过简便的拉伸过程，利用具有可调光子带隙（PBG）的光子弹性体（PEs）来动态调控荧光探针的 PL 特性。当与荧光探针（如量子点（QDs）、罗丹明 B（RhB）和稀土复合物）结合时，PBG 的偏移可以实现荧光探针 PL 特性的动态调控。我们展示，在拉伸过程中，当 PBG 与 PL 峰值匹配良好时，PEs 表面的 QDs PL 强度可增强约 1.8 倍，而 PEs 内嵌入的 RhB PL 强度可抑制约 40%。 我们进一步表明，嵌入 RhB 的复合 PE 可以用作多模式防伪胶带，在自然光和紫外光下，其在结构色和 PL 方面均表现出机械变色特性。本研究提出了一种新的动态调节 PL 的平台，并扩大了 PCs 的实际应用前景。

[499] Realizing an All-Round Hydrogel Electrolyte toward Environmentally Adaptive Dendrite-Free Aqueous Zn-Mno Batteries Advanced Materials, 2021, 33(9): e2007559. Flexible energy storage devices are at the forefront of next-generation power supplies, one of the most important components of which is the gel electrolyte. However, shortcomings exist, more or less, for all the currently developed hydrogel electrolytes. Herein, a facile and cost-effective method is developed to construct an all-round hydrogel electrolyte by using cotton as the raw material, tetraethyl orthosilicate as the crosslinker, and glycerol as the antifreezing agent. The obtained hydrogel electrolyte has high ionic conductivity, excellent mechanical properties (e.g., high tensile strength and elasticity), ultralow freezing point, good self-healing ability, high adhesion, and good heat-resistance ability. Remarkably, this hydrogel electrolyte can provide a record-breaking high ionic conductivity of 19.4 mS cm(-1) at -40 degrees C compared with previously reported aqueous electrolytes for zinc-ion batteries. In addition, this hydrogel electrolyte can significantly inhibit zinc dendritic growth and parasitic side reactions from -40 to 60 degrees C. With this hydrogel electrolyte, a flexible quasi-solid-state Zn-MnO2 battery is assembled, which shows remarkable energy densities from -40 to 60 degrees C. The battery also exhibits outstanding cycling durability and has high endurance under various harsh conditions. This work opens new opportunities for the development of hydrogel electrolytes.
实现全面的水凝胶电解质，用于环境自适应无枝晶水系锌锰电池，先进材料，2021，33（9）：e2007559。柔性储能设备是下一代电源的前沿，其中最重要的组成部分之一是凝胶电解质。然而，目前开发的几乎所有水凝胶电解质都存在或多或少的问题。在此，开发了一种简便且成本效益高的方法，通过使用棉作为原料，正硅酸四乙酯作为交联剂，甘油作为防冻剂来构建全面的水凝胶电解质。获得的凝胶电解质具有高离子电导率，优异的机械性能（例如，高拉伸强度和弹性），超低凝固点，良好的自修复能力，高粘附性和良好的耐热性。值得注意的是，与之前报道的水系锌离子电池水系电解质相比，该水凝胶电解质在-40°C 时可以提供创纪录的高离子电导率 19.4 mS cm(-1)。 此外，这种水凝胶电解质可以在-40 至 60 摄氏度范围内显著抑制锌枝晶生长和寄生副反应。使用这种水凝胶电解质组装的柔性准固态 Zn-MnO2 电池，在-40 至 60 摄氏度范围内表现出卓越的能量密度。该电池还表现出优异的循环稳定性和在各种恶劣条件下的高耐久性。这项工作为水凝胶电解质的发展开辟了新的机遇。

[500] A Review of Spectral Analysis for Low-Frequency Transient Vibrations Journal of Low Frequency Noise Vibration and Active Control, 2021, 40(2): 656-671. The precision tools equipped with active vibration isolation platform in high-tech facilities are sensitive to low-frequency vibration. Currently, there are neither standards nor rules to select the time period of vibration data for conducting the spectral analysis of low-frequency vibration, and none of the analyses can be used to compare and discuss the differences of spectral amplitude generated by the selection of different time periods. Therefore, to estimate the amplitude of low-frequency vibration, the spectral analysis at low-frequency range is crucial. This paper is to elaborate the spectral analysis procedures on various band widths by using zero-padding on the vibration signal in low-frequency band. The mechanism not only facilitates to obtain more reliable result but also to lay a common base for comparison from different user. Finally, the in situ measurement data, including high-speed train-induced low-frequency vibration, are used to exemplify the length of time period affects the results of spectral analysis, either on narrowband or one-third octave band analysis.
[500] 低频瞬态振动频谱分析综述，《低频噪声振动与主动控制》杂志，2021，40(2): 656-671。配备有主动振动隔离平台的高科技设施中的精密工具对低频振动敏感。目前，尚无标准或规则来选择振动数据的时间段以进行低频振动的频谱分析，且没有任何分析可用于比较和讨论不同时间段选择产生的频谱幅度的差异。因此，为了估计低频振动的幅度，低频范围内的频谱分析至关重要。本文旨在阐述通过在低频带振动信号中进行零填充，对各种带宽的频谱分析程序进行详细说明。该机制不仅有助于获得更可靠的结果，而且为不同用户之间的比较提供了一个共同的基础。 最后，现场测量数据，包括高速列车引起的低频振动，被用来举例说明时间周期长度对频谱分析结果的影响，无论是窄带分析还是三分之一倍频程分析。

[501] The Diversity of Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals Nature Communications, 2021, 12(1): 2543. Many butterflies, birds, beetles, and chameleons owe their spectacular colors to the microscopic patterns within their wings, feathers, or skin. When these patterns, or photonic crystals, result in the omnidirectional reflection of commensurate wavelengths of light, it is due to a complete photonic band gap (PBG). The number of natural crystal structures known to have a PBG is relatively small, and those within the even smaller subset of notoriety, including diamond and inverse opal, have proven difficult to synthesize. Here, we report more than 150,000 photonic band calculations for thousands of natural crystal templates from which we predict 351 photonic crystal templates - including nearly 300 previously-unreported structures - that can potentially be realized for a multitude of applications and length scales, including several in the visible range via colloidal self-assembly. With this large variety of 3D photonic crystals, we also revisit and discuss oft-used primary design heuristics for PBG materials. Photonic crystals have a range of desirable properties for manipulating light. Here, the authors calculate and use the photonic band gap for thousands of such crystals to examine heuristics for their design and predict new photonic crystal structures.
[501] 三维光子晶体的多样性 自然通讯，2021，12(1)：2543。许多蝴蝶、鸟类、甲虫和变色龙的颜色之华丽，归功于它们翅膀、羽毛或皮肤内的微观图案。当这些图案，或光子晶体，导致光波长的全向反射时，这是由于完整的光子带隙（PBG）。已知具有 PBG 的天然晶体结构数量相对较少，而那些在更小的知名子集中，包括钻石和倒置的宝石光，合成起来都很难。在这里，我们报告了超过 150,000 个光子带隙计算，针对数千个天然晶体模板，我们预测了 351 个光子晶体模板——包括近 300 个以前未报道的结构——这些模板有可能在多种应用和长度尺度上实现，包括通过胶体自组装在可见光范围内的几个。有了这种多样化的三维光子晶体，我们还回顾和讨论了常用于 PBG 材料的初级设计启发式方法。 光子晶体具有操控光的一系列理想特性。在此，作者计算并使用数千个此类晶体的光子带隙来研究其设计启发式方法并预测新的光子晶体结构。

[502] Exposures in Nail Salons to Trace Elements in Nail Polish from Impurities or Pigment Ingredients - a Pilot Study International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2021, 232: 113687. Nail polishes have evolved considerably. Toxic elements, such as lead, have been found in nail polish, and it is unclear if new finishes using metallic effect pigments may be contributing to metals exposure in nail technicians. We characterized concentrations of trace elements in 40 nail polishes, 9 technicians' urine, and 20 technicians' toenail clippings from 8 nail salons in the Boston area in 2017. We also collected 24 salon surface wipes from 3 of the salons. Antimony was not disclosed as a nail polish ingredient, yet concentrations (<15 mu g/g) were above existing cosmetics guidelines (0.5 mu g/g) in five (13%) of the samples. Aluminum (<11,450 mu g/g), barium (<11,250 mu g/g), iron (<3,270 mu g/g), and magnesium (<2375 mu g/g) were disclosed as ingredients and were also found on salon surfaces where nail polish was stored or used. Heavy metal impurities in nail polish were not detected for cadmium. Lead and nickel were found at low concentrations (<0.40 mu g/g lead, <0.67 mu g/g nickel). Tin (p = 0.003) concentrations were higher in nail polish with finishes compared to without. Barium and strontium (both p = 0.0001) concentrations were higher for red nail polishes compared to all other colors. Of those elements in nail polish and salon surfaces, aluminum and iron were detected in toenails, manganese was detected in urine and toenails, and barium was detected in urine at comparable levels to the general population. Besides preventable antimony levels in nail polish, individual metals in nail polish did not appear to be from impurities but mainly from colorants (i.e., pigments) and not major contributors to nail technician exposure. It is unclear if low-level chronic metals mixtures in nail salons are of health concern.
[502] 指甲沙龙中指甲油中痕量元素暴露研究——一项试点研究 国际卫生与环境健康杂志，2021，232：113687。指甲油已经发生了很大的变化。在指甲油中发现了有毒元素，如铅，而使用金属效果颜料的新表面处理是否可能对美甲师金属暴露有贡献尚不清楚。我们在 2017 年对波士顿地区 8 家指甲沙龙的 40 种指甲油、9 名美甲师的尿液和 20 名美甲师指甲剪下的趾甲进行了痕量元素浓度的表征。我们还从 3 家沙龙收集了 24 份沙龙表面擦拭布。五份（13%）样品中未披露锑作为指甲油成分，但其浓度（<15 微克/克）高于现有的化妆品指南（0.5 微克/克）。铝（<11,450 微克/克）、钡（<11,250 微克/克）、铁（<3,270 微克/克）和镁（<2375 微克/克）被列为成分，并在指甲油储存或使用的沙龙表面上被发现。未检测到镉在指甲油中的重金属杂质。 铅和镍在低浓度下被发现（铅<0.40 微克/克，镍<0.67 微克/克）。与无光泽指甲油相比，有光泽指甲油中的锡浓度更高（p = 0.003）。与所有其他颜色相比，红色指甲油中的钡和锶浓度更高（两者 p = 0.0001）。在指甲油和沙龙表面检测到的这些元素中，铝和铁在脚趾甲中检测到，锰在尿液和脚趾甲中检测到，钡在尿液中的水平与普通人群相当。除了指甲油中可预防的锑水平外，指甲油中的个别金属似乎不是来自杂质，而是主要来自着色剂（即颜料），并且不是指甲技术师暴露的主要贡献者。不清楚指甲沙龙中低水平慢性金属混合物是否对健康构成担忧。

[503] From Colloidal Particles to Photonic Crystals: Advances in Self-Assembly and Their Emerging Applications Chemical Society Reviews, 2021, 50(10): 5898-5951. Over the last three decades, photonic crystals (PhCs) have attracted intense interests thanks to their broad potential applications in optics and photonics. Generally, these structures can be fabricated via either "top-down" lithographic or "bottom-up" self-assembly approaches. The self-assembly approaches have attracted particular attention due to their low cost, simple fabrication processes, relative convenience of scaling up, and the ease of creating complex structures with nanometer precision. The self-assembled colloidal crystals (CCs), which are good candidates for PhCs, have offered unprecedented opportunities for photonics, optics, optoelectronics, sensing, energy harvesting, environmental remediation, pigments, and many other applications. The creation of high-quality CCs and their mass fabrication over large areas are the critical limiting factors for real-world applications. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art techniques in the self-assembly of colloidal particles for the fabrication of large-area high-quality CCs and CCs with unique symmetries. The first part of this review summarizes the types of defects commonly encountered in the fabrication process and their effects on the optical properties of the resultant CCs. Next, the mechanisms of the formation of cracks/defects are discussed, and a range of versatile fabrication methods to create large-area crack/defect-free two-dimensional and three-dimensional CCs are described. Meanwhile, we also shed light on both the advantages and limitations of these advanced approaches developed to fabricate high-quality CCs. The self-assembly routes and achievements in the fabrication of CCs with the ability to open a complete photonic bandgap, such as cubic diamond and pyrochlore structure CCs, are discussed as well. Then emerging applications of large-area high-quality CCs and unique photonic structures enabled by the advanced self-assembly methods are illustrated. At the end of this review, we outlook the future approaches in the fabrication of perfect CCs and highlight their novel real-world applications.
从胶体颗粒到光子晶体：自组装的进展及其新兴应用 化学学会评论，2021，50(10)：5898-5951。在过去的三十年里，光子晶体（PhCs）因其广泛的光学和光子学应用潜力而引起了极大的兴趣。通常，这些结构可以通过“自上而下”的光刻或“自下而上”的自组装方法来制造。自组装方法因其低成本、简单的制造工艺、相对方便的放大规模以及以纳米精度创建复杂结构的简便性而引起了特别的关注。自组装胶体晶体（CCs），作为 PhCs 的良好候选者，为光子学、光学、光电子学、传感、能量收集、环境修复、颜料等许多其他应用提供了前所未有的机会。高质量 CCs 的创建及其在大面积上的大规模制造是实际应用的关键限制因素。 本文综述了用于制备大面积高质量 CCs 及其具有独特对称性的 CCs 的胶体粒子自组装的最新技术。综述的第一部分总结了在制备过程中常见缺陷的类型及其对所得 CCs 光学性能的影响。接下来，讨论了裂纹/缺陷形成的机理，并描述了一系列通用的制备方法，以创建大面积无裂纹/缺陷的二维和三维 CCs。同时，我们也阐明了这些用于制备高质量 CCs 的先进方法的优缺点。还讨论了具有开启完整光子带隙能力的 CCs（如立方金刚石和辉钼矿结构 CCs）的自组装途径和成就。然后，展示了由先进的自组装方法实现的、大面积高质量 CCs 和独特光子结构的新兴应用。在综述的最后，我们展望了完美 CCs 制备的未来方法，并突出了它们新颖的实际应用。

[504] Hofmeister Effect‐Assisted Strong Natural Biopolymer‐Based Hydrogels with Multi‐Functions Chinese Journal of Chemistry, 2021, 39(11): 3085-3092.
[504] 霍夫迈斯特效应辅助的强天然生物聚合物基水凝胶多功能研究 中国化学期刊，2021，39(11)：3085-3092

[505] Graphene Oxide-Mno2-Goethite Microsphere Impregnated Alginate: A Novel Hybrid Nanosorbent for as (Iii) and as (V) Removal from Groundwater Journal of Water Process Engineering, 2021, 42. This study presents a simple method for facile synthesis of core-shell microspheres of Graphene oxide-MnO2Goethite (GO-MnO2-Goe). Synthesised GO was used as the core material for treatment with the pre-decided molar ratio mixture of Fe and Mn to form a MnO2-Goe shell over the GO surface optimising various parameters. Subsequently the GO-MnO2-Goe nanoparticles were impregnated into alginate polymer to form GO-MnO2Goethite impregnated alginate hydrogel beads (GO-MnO2-Goe-Ca-Alg) using displacement reaction. The product was characterized by XRD, FTIR, BET, SEM-EDS and zeta potential measurement. The GO-MnO2-Goe-Ca-Alg hybrid nanosorbent was used to efficiently remove both arsenic (III) and arsenic (V) from groundwater (80-96 % for 0.1-100 mu g mL-1 concentration range) at pH 4-6. Uptake processes for both As (III) and As (V) followed Langmuir isotherm model with maximum sorption capacity evaluated as 27.53 and 34.17 mg g-1 respectively for As (III) and As (V). The reaction kinetics, thermodynamic parameters, interparticle diffusion model were studied. Mechanism of uptake was suggested based on fraction diagram of As (III) and As (V) species along with zeta potential of GO-MnO2-Goe at various pH. The in-situ transformation of As (III) to As (V) before its sorption was investigated and explained with the help of XPS analysis.
[505] 氧化石墨烯-MnO2-赤铁矿微球浸渍的海藻酸盐：一种新型杂化纳米吸附剂，用于从地下水去除 As（III）和 As（V），《水处理工程》杂志，2021 年，第 42 卷。本研究提出了一种简单的方法，用于合成石墨烯氧化锰（MnO2）-赤铁矿（GO-MnO2-Goe）核壳微球。合成的 GO 被用作核心材料，与预先决定的铁和锰的摩尔比混合物处理，以在 GO 表面形成 MnO2-Goe 壳层，优化各种参数。随后，将 GO-MnO2-Goe 纳米颗粒浸渍到海藻酸盐聚合物中，通过置换反应形成 GO-MnO2-赤铁矿浸渍海藻酸盐水凝胶珠（GO-MnO2-Goe-Ca-Alg）。该产品通过 XRD、FTIR、BET、SEM-EDS 和ζ电位测量进行表征。GO-MnO2-Goe-Ca-Alg 杂化纳米吸附剂在 pH 4-6 下，可有效去除地下水中的砷（III）和砷（V）（在 0.1-100 μg mL-1 浓度范围内，去除率可达 80-96%）。As（III）和 As（V）的吸附过程遵循 Langmuir 等温线模型，分别评估出 As（III）和 As（V）的最大吸附容量为 27.53 和 34.17 mg g-1。 反应动力学、热力学参数、颗粒间扩散模型被研究。基于 As（III）和 As（V）物种的分数图以及 GO-MnO2-Goe 在各个 pH 值下的ζ电位，提出了吸附机理。在吸附之前，研究了 As（III）向 As（V）的现场转化，并借助 XPS 分析进行了解释。

[506] Mechanochromic, Structurally Colored, and Edible Hydrogels Prepared from Hydroxypropyl Cellulose and Gelatin Advanced Materials, 2021, 33(37): e2102112. Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) is an edible, cost-effective and widely used derivative of cellulose. Under lyotropic conditions in water, HPC forms a photonic, liquid crystalline mesophase with an exceptional mechanochromic response. However, due to insufficient physical cross-linking photonic HPC can flow freely as a viscous liquid, preventing the exploitation of this mechanochromic material in the absence of any external encapsulation or structural confinement. Here this challenge is addressed by mixing HPC and gelatin in water to form a self-supporting, viscoelastic, and edible supramolecular photonic hydrogel. It is demonstrated that the structural coloration, mechanochromism and non-Newtonian shear-thinning behavior of the lyotropic HPC solutions can all be retained into the gel state. Moreover, the rigidity of the HPC-gel provides a 69% shorter mechanochromic relaxation time back to its initial color when compared to the liquid HPC-water only system, broadening the dynamic color range of HPC by approximately 2.5x in response to a compressive pressure. Finally, the ability to formulate the HPC-gels in a scalable fashion from only water and "food-grade" constituents unlocks a wide range of potential applications, from response-tunable mechanochromic materials and colorant-free food decoration, to short-term sensors in, for example, biodegradable "smart labels" for food packaging.
[506] 由羟丙基纤维素和明胶制备的机械变色、结构着色和可食用水凝胶，先进材料，2021，33(37)：e2102112。羟丙基纤维素（HPC）是一种可食用、经济高效且广泛使用的纤维素衍生物。在水溶液的液晶态下，HPC 形成具有优异机械变色响应的光子液晶中间相。然而，由于物理交联不足，光子 HPC 可以自由流动作为粘稠液体，在没有任何外部封装或结构限制的情况下，阻止了这种机械变色材料的应用。在这里，通过将 HPC 和明胶在水中混合形成自支撑、粘弹性和可食用超分子光子水凝胶来解决这个问题。证明液晶态 HPC 溶液的结构着色、机械变色和非牛顿剪切减薄行为都可以保留到凝胶状态。 此外，与仅液态 HPC-水系统相比，HPC-凝胶的刚性使得其恢复初始颜色的机械色变弛豫时间缩短了 69%，在压缩压力的作用下，HPC 的动态颜色范围扩大了约 2.5 倍。最后，能够通过仅水和“食品级”成分以可扩展的方式制备 HPC-凝胶，这为从响应可调的机械色变材料到无色素食品装饰，再到生物降解“智能标签”等短期传感器在内的广泛潜在应用打开了大门。

[507] Angle‐Insensitive Fabry–Perot Mechanochromic Sensor for Real‐Time Structural Health Monitoring Advanced Materials Technologies, 2021, 6(8): 2100118-2100125.
[507] 对实时结构健康监测的无角度敏感的 Fabry-Perot 机械色变传感器 先进材料技术，2021，6(8)：2100118-2100125。

[508] A Comprehensive Review of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Optimal Fabrication Conditions, Natural Dye Selection, and Application-Based Future Perspectives Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021, 29(1): 371-404. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) constructed using natural dyes possess irreplaceable advantages in energy applications. The main reasons are its performance, environmentally benign dyes, impressible performance in low light, ecologically friendly energy production, and versatile solar product integration. Though DSSCs using natural dyes as sensitizers have many advantages, they suffer from poor efficiency compared to conventional silicon solar cells. Moreover, the difficulty in converting them to practical devices for the day-to-day energy needs has to be addressed. This review will outline the optimization of conditions to be followed for better efficiency in DSSCs using natural dyes as sensitizers. This review has taken into account the importance of the first step towards the fabrication of DSSC, i.e. the selection process. The selection of plant parts has a noticeable impact on the overall efficiency of the device. Accordingly, a proper study has been done to analyse the plant's parts that have shown better results in terms of device efficiency. In addition to this, a wide range of techniques and factors such as extraction methods, the solvent used, coating techniques, immersing time, and co-sensitization have been taken into consideration from the studies done over the period of 10 years to examine their influence on the overall performance of the DSSC device. These results have been addressed to stipulate the best suitable condition that will help supplement the efficiency of the device even further. Also, the future perspectives, such as the DSSCs use in wearable devices, incorporating various approaches to enhance the power conversion efficiency of DSSCs using natural dyes, and thermochromism ability for DSSCs have been discussed.
[508] 染料敏化太阳能电池最佳制备条件、天然染料选择与应用前景综述，环境科学与污染研究，2021，29（1）：371-404。使用天然染料构建的染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSC）在能源应用中具有不可替代的优势。主要原因在于其性能、环境友好型染料、在低光照条件下的出色性能、生态友好的能源生产以及多功能的太阳能产品集成。尽管使用天然染料作为敏化剂的 DSSC 具有许多优点，但与传统的硅太阳能电池相比，它们的效率较低。此外，将它们转化为满足日常能源需求的实用设备的难度也必须解决。本综述将概述使用天然染料作为敏化剂的 DSSC 提高效率所需遵循的条件优化。本综述考虑了 DSSC 制备的第一步——选择过程的重要性。植物部位的选择对设备的整体效率有显著影响。 因此，已经进行了适当的研究来分析在设备效率方面表现出更好结果的植物部分。除此之外，从过去 10 年的研究中考虑了广泛的技巧和因素，如提取方法、使用的溶剂、涂层技术、浸泡时间和共敏化，以考察它们对 DSSC 设备整体性能的影响。这些结果已被用于规定最佳适宜条件，这将有助于进一步提高设备的效率。此外，还讨论了未来的展望，例如 DSSC 在可穿戴设备中的应用、采用各种方法提高使用天然染料的 DSSC 的功率转换效率，以及 DSSC 的热致变色能力。

[509] Enhancing Spectral Response Towards High-Performance Dye-Sensitised Solar Cells by Multiple Dye Approach: A Comprehensive Review Applied Materials Today, 2021, 25. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are potential candidates for the latest solar cell technologies because of their advantages: low manufacturing cost, flexibility, light weight, easy processing, color variety, and translucent features. However, an important DSSC component, the sensitizer, still has an inefficient sun-light absorption profile, reducing cell efficiency. Several studies have been conducted on co-sensitization in the last decade to improve panchromaticity light absorption and increase DSSC performance by mixing dyes, absorbing different regions of the solar magnetic radiation spectrum, which allows designing, synthesize, and analyze various types of sensitizers and co-adsorbents. The dye samples of co-sensitization described thus far have focused on the selection of appropriate co-sensitizers for use in combination with well-known high-performing dyes, such as Zn-porphyrins to organic, Ru-based organic complexes to organic and organic to organic sensitizers. The co-dye DSSC device with Ru-organic dye (N719 + 7-BC), organic-organic dye (BD + U-01), and Zn-porphyrin-organic dye (SGT-149 + SGT-021) as absorber exhibited the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.68%, 10.56%, and 14.26%, respectively superseding the PCE of each of the individual dyes. This study provides a detailed review of panchromaticity in DSSCs, covering the previous and most recent development in this field which will further contribute to the advancement of this area. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
通过多种染料方法增强光谱响应以提高高性能染料敏化太阳能电池：一篇综合评论，应用材料今日，2021，25。染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSCs）由于其优点：制造成本低、柔韧性、轻质、易于加工、色彩多样和透明特性，成为最新太阳能电池技术的潜在候选者。然而，一个重要的 DSSC 组件，即敏化剂，仍然具有低效的阳光吸收特性，降低了电池效率。在过去十年中，已经进行了几项关于共敏化的研究，以通过混合染料、吸收太阳磁辐射光谱的不同区域来提高全色光吸收并增加 DSSC 的性能，这允许设计、合成和分析各种类型的敏化剂和共吸附剂。迄今为止所描述的共敏化染料样品主要集中在选择适当的共敏化剂与已知的高性能染料（如 Zn-卟啉到有机、基于 Ru 的有机络合物到有机和有机到有机敏化剂）结合使用。 共染料 DSSC 器件，以 Ru 有机染料（N719 + 7-BC）、有机-有机染料（BD + U-01）和 Zn-卟啉-有机染料（SGT-149 + SGT-021）作为吸收剂，分别表现出 9.68%、10.56%和 14.26%的最高功率转换效率（PCE），超过了每种单独染料的 PCE。本研究对 DSSC 中的全色性进行了详细综述，涵盖了该领域的先前和最新发展，这将进一步促进该领域的发展。（C）2021 Elsevier Ltd. 版权所有。

[510] Cu(I)-Catalyzed Click Chemistry in Glycoscience and Their Diverse Applications Chemical Reviews, 2021, 121(13): 7638-7955. Copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between organic azides and terminal alkynes, commonly known as CuAAC or click chemistry, has been identified as one of the most successful, versatile, reliable, and modular strategies for the rapid and regioselective construction of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles as diversely functionalized molecules. Carbohydrates, an integral part of living cells, have several fascinating features, including their structural diversity, biocompatibility, bioavailability, hydrophilicity, and superior ADME properties with minimal toxicity, which support increased demand to explore them as versatile scaffolds for easy access to diverse glycohybrids and well-defined glycoconjugates for complete chemical, biochemical, and pharmacological investigations. This review highlights the successful development of CuAAC or click chemistry in emerging areas of glycoscience, including the synthesis of triazole appended carbohydrate-containing molecular architectures (mainly glycohybrids, glycoconjugates, glycopolymers, glycopeptides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycoclusters, and glycodendrimers through regioselective triazole forming modular and bio-orthogonal coupling protocols). It discusses the widespread applications of these glycoproducts as enzyme inhibitors in drug discovery and development, sensing, gelation, chelation, glycosylation, and catalysis. This review also covers the impact of click chemistry and provides future perspectives on its role in various emerging disciplines of science and technology.
[510] 碘化铜催化的糖科学点击化学及其多样化应用 化学评论，2021，121(13)：7638-7955。有机叠氮化物与末端炔烃之间的碘化铜催化的 1,3-偶极环加成反应，通常称为 CuAAC 或点击化学，已被确定为快速和区域选择性地构建 1,4-二取代的 1,2,3-三唑作为多样化功能分子的最成功、最灵活、最可靠和模块化策略之一。碳水化合物是活细胞的重要组成部分，具有多种迷人的特性，包括其结构多样性、生物相容性、生物利用度、亲水性和优异的 ADME 特性以及最低的毒性，这支持了探索它们作为易于访问多样化糖杂合物和明确定义的糖苷化合物的多功能支架的需求，以进行完整的化学、生物化学和药理学研究。 本综述强调了 CuAAC 或点击化学在糖科学新兴领域的成功发展，包括通过区域选择性的三唑形成模块化和生物正交偶联协议合成三唑连接的碳水化合物含有的分子结构（主要是糖杂化物、糖共轭物、糖聚合物、糖肽、糖蛋白、糖脂、糖簇和糖树形大分子）。它讨论了这些糖类药物在药物发现和开发、传感、凝胶化、螯合、糖基化和催化中的广泛应用。本综述还涵盖了点击化学的影响，并对其在科学和技术各个新兴学科中的未来作用提供了展望。

[511] Hierarchically Porous Silica Membrane as Separator for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries, 2021.
[511] 分级多孔二氧化硅膜作为高性能锂离子电池的隔膜，2021 年。

[512] 电力用聚氨酯复合材料的制备与性能 高分子材料科学与工程, 2020, 36(02): 120-126. 为了降低电力用聚氨酯树脂材料的密度,不损失其绝缘性能、吸水率和耐热性,制备了含不同体积分数的3种类型中空玻璃微珠的聚氨酯复合材料;通过扫描电镜、绝缘电阻、热重分析、差示扫描量热等测试手段对其性能进行了表征,研究了其密度、绝缘性、吸水性及耐热性。结果表明,体积分数为40%的K20型玻璃微珠的聚氨酯复合材料综合性能最好,特别是绝缘性突出,这是因为绝缘性良好的树脂基体与玻璃微珠复合后的界面效应使得复合材料具有优异的绝缘性能。最佳复合材料密度为0.737 g/cm~3,吸水率为0.049%,表面电阻率为3.73×10~(15)Ω,体积电阻率为3.76×10~(15)Ω·cm,可以满足超特高压复合绝缘子的性能要求。
[512] 电力用聚氨酯复合材料的制备与性能高分子材料科学与工程，2020，36(02)：120-126。为了降低电力用聚氨酯树脂材料的密度，不损失其绝缘性能、吸水率和耐热性，制备了含不同体积分数的 3 种类型中空玻璃微珠的聚氨酯复合材料；通过扫描电镜、绝缘电阻、热重分析、差示扫描量热等测试手段对其性能进行了表征，研究了其密度、绝缘性、吸水性及耐热性。结果表明，体积分数为 40%的 K20 型玻璃微珠的聚氨酯复合材料综合性能最好，特别是绝缘性突出，这是因为绝缘性良好的树脂基体与玻璃微珠复合后的界面效应使得复合材料具有优异的绝缘性能。最佳复合材料密度为 0.737 g/cm~3，吸水率为 0.049%，表面电阻率为 3.73×10~(15)Ω，体积电阻率为 3.76×10~(15)Ω·cm，可以满足超特高压复合绝缘子的性能要求。

[513] 面向机械装备健康监测的振动传感器研究现状 材料导报, 2020, 34(13): 13121-13130. 大型机械装备的安全运行关乎国民经济的健康发展,对机械装备进行性能评估和健康监测,保证其安全、高效地运行尤为重要。应力、应变、速度、加速度、位移等振动参量作为评价机械装备运行状态的重要指标,不仅能实时反映装备的运行状态,而且能预测装备的服役寿命。因此,采集必要的结构振动信息成为机械装备健康监测中的重要环节。振动信息的采集主要依赖于多种类型的振动传感器,加速度传感器和应变传感器是机械结构健康监测中普遍使用的振动传感器,其作为诊断机械装备结构损伤的工具,能够精确收集机械装备运行过程中的振动信号。目前,关于振动传感器的研究主要集中在材料的发展、传感器性能的优化以及新技术的引入等方面。无铅陶瓷不仅符合国家的生态需求,还赋予了传感器良好的高温等特性;柔性化压电复合材料的成功研制使传感器实现了轻量化,拓宽了压电传感器的使用范围。传感器性能的优化可以通过传感器电路设计、传感器结构优化等方法来实现。此外,压电晶体的切割方式、寄生电容的存在也分别影响着压电加速度传感器和电容式加速度传感器的灵敏度。印刷技术的发展使得具有柔性基板的应变传感器制作更加方便、快速。光纤光栅应变传感器因其良好的抗电磁干扰、抗腐蚀等优点,在机械结构健康监测中发挥着重要作用。此外,自供电技术、RFID等新技术在振动传感器中的应用,使其实现了无源、低成本的非接触测量。本文综述了机械结构健康监测中常用的加速度传感器和应变传感器的特点及应用,详细分析了压电式加速度传感器和电容式加速度传感器以及电阻式传感器和光纤光栅应变传感器的发展现状,并论述了自供电振动传感器、RFID振动传感器等新型无源传感器的研究进展,探讨了振动传感器的发展趋势及应用前景,可为多种行业的机械装备健康监测提供理论与技术指导。
[513] 面向机械装备健康监测的振动传感器研究现状材料导报，2020，34(13)：13121-13130。大型机械装备的安全运行关乎国民经济的健康发展，对机械装备进行性能评估和健康监测，保证其安全、高效地运行尤为重要。应力、应变、速度、加速度、位移等振动参量作为评价机械装备运行状态的重要指标，不仅能实时反映装备的运行状态，而且能预测装备的服役寿命。因此，采集必要的结构振动信息成为机械装备健康监测中的重要环节。振动信息的采集主要依赖于多种类型的振动传感器，加速度传感器和应变传感器是机械结构健康监测中普遍使用的振动传感器，其作为诊断机械装备结构损伤的工具，能够精确收集机械装备运行过程中的振动信号。目前，关于振动传感器的研究主要集中在材料的发展、传感器性能的优化以及新技术的引入等方面。无铅陶瓷不仅符合国家的生态需求，还赋予了传感器良好的高温等特性；柔性化压电复合材料的成功研制使传感器实现了轻量化，拓宽了压电传感器的使用范围。传感器性能的优化可以通过传感器电路设计、传感器结构优化等方法来实现。此外，压电晶体的切割方式、寄生电容的存在也分别影响着压电加速度传感器和电容式加速度传感器的灵敏度。印刷技术的发展使得具有柔性基板的应变传感器制作更加方便、快速。光纤光栅应变传感器因其良好的抗电磁干扰、抗腐蚀等优点，在机械结构健康监测中发挥着重要作用。此外，自供电技术、RFID 等新技术在振动传感器中的应用，使其实现了无源、低成本的非接触测量。本文综述了机械结构健康监测中常用的加速度传感器和应变传感器的特点及应用，详细分析了压电式加速度传感器和电容式加速度传感器以及电阻式传感器和光纤光栅应变传感器的发展现状，并论述了自供电振动传感器、RFID 振动传感器等新型无源传感器的研究进展，探讨了振动传感器的发展趋势及应用前景，可为多种行业的机械装备健康监测提供理论与技术指导。

[514] 温敏光子晶体结构色调控 兵工学报, 2020, 41(8): 1573-1580. 为满足现代战争对军用设备视觉隐身的需求，设计了一种具有环境自适应性,制备涂装简单,制作过程绿色环保的光子晶体温敏变色材料。采用乳液聚合法制备粒径分别为132 nm、205 nm、 275 nm、 300 nm的聚苯乙烯微球，并将其垂直沉降自组装形成结构高度有序、结构色明显的三维聚合物光子晶体。对温度敏感的聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺/丙烯酰胺水凝胶与聚苯乙烯三维光子晶体相结合，制备出结构色随环境温度发生改变的光子晶体凝胶膜。基于色度、饱和度、亮度色彩模式，通过实验分析验证了该材料颜色可随环境温度变化做出响应。结果表明，光子晶体温敏变色材料可以实现环境温度自适应响应，在视觉伪装方面具有一定的应用前景。
[514] 温敏光子晶体结构色调控兵工学报，2020，41(8)：1573-1580. 为满足现代战争对军用设备视觉隐身的需求，设计了一种具有环境自适应性、制备涂装简单、制作过程绿色环保的光子晶体温敏变色材料。采用乳液聚合法制备粒径分别为 132 nm、205 nm、275 nm、300 nm 的聚苯乙烯微球，并将其垂直沉降自组装形成结构高度有序、结构色明显的三维聚合物光子晶体。对温度敏感的聚 N-异丙基丙烯酰胺/丙烯酰胺水凝胶与聚苯乙烯三维光子晶体相结合，制备出结构色随环境温度发生改变的光子晶体凝胶膜。基于色度、饱和度、亮度色彩模式，通过实验分析验证了该材料颜色可随环境温度变化做出响应。结果表明，光子晶体温敏变色材料可以实现环境温度自适应响应，在视觉伪装方面具有一定的应用前景。

[515] Gradient Hydrogels—the State of the Art in Preparation Methods Polymers, 2020, 12(4).
[515] 渐变水凝胶——制备方法的最新进展聚合物，2020，12(4)。

[516] Microfluidics-Assisted Assembly of Injectable Photonic Hydrogels toward Reflective Cooling Small, 2020, 16(9): e1903939. Development of fast curing and easy modeling of colloidal photonic crystals is highly desirable for various applications. Here, a novel type of injectable photonic hydrogel (IPH) is proposed to achieve self-healable structural color by integrating microfluidics-derived photonic supraballs with supramolecular hydrogels. The supramolecular hydrogel is engineered via incorporating beta-cyclodextrin/poly(2-hydroxypropyl acrylate-co-N-vinylimidazole) (CD/poly(HPA-co-VI)) with methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), and serves as a scaffold for colloidal crystal arrays. The photonic supraballs derived from the microfluidics techniques, exhibit excellent compatibility with the hydrogel scaffolds, leading to enhanced assembly efficiency. By virtue of hydrogen bonds and host-guest interactions, a series of self-healable photonic hydrogels (linear, planar, and spiral assemblies) can be facilely assembled. It is demonstrated that the spherical symmetry of the photonic supraballs endows them with identical optical responses independent of viewing angles. In addition, by taking the advantage of angle independent spectrum characteristics, the IPH presents beneficial effects in reflective cooling, which can achieve up to 17.4 degrees C in passive solar reflective cooling. The strategy represents an easy-to-perform platform for the construction of IPH, providing novel insights into macroscopic self-assembly toward thermal management applications.
[516] 微流控辅助注射型光子水凝胶组装以实现反射冷却，Small，2020，16(9)：e1903939。开发快速固化且易于建模的胶体光子晶体对于各种应用高度期望。在此，提出了一种新型注射型光子水凝胶（IPH），通过整合微流控衍生的光子超球与超分子水凝胶来实现自修复结构色。超分子水凝胶通过将β-环糊精/聚(2-羟基丙基丙烯酸酯-co-N-乙烯基咪唑)（CD/poly(HPA-co-VI)）与甲基丙烯酸化明胶（GelMA）结合而工程化，并作为胶体晶体阵列的支架。源自微流控技术的光子超球表现出与水凝胶支架的优异相容性，从而提高了组装效率。通过氢键和主-客体相互作用，可以轻松组装一系列自修复光子水凝胶（线性、平面和螺旋组装）。研究表明，光子超球的球形对称性赋予它们独立于观察角度的相同光学响应。 此外，通过利用角度无关的光谱特性，IPH 在反射冷却方面表现出有益的效果，在被动式太阳能反射冷却中可以达到高达 17.4 摄氏度的冷却效果。该策略为 IPH 的构建提供了一个易于执行的平台，为宏观自组装在热管理应用方面提供了新的见解。

[517] Thermal-Gated Polymer Electrolytes for Smart Zinc-Ion Batteries Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 2020, 59(38): 16480-16484. Smart self-protection is essential for addressing safety issues of energy-storage devices. However, conventional strategies based on sol-gel transition electrolytes often suffer from unstable self-recovery performance. Herein, smart separators based on thermal-gated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogel electrolytes were developed for rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs). Such PNIPAM-based separators not only display a pore structure evolution from opened to closed states, but also exhibit a surface wettability transition from hydrophilic to hydrophobic behaviors when the temperature rises. This behavior can suppress the migration of electrolyte ions across the separators, realizing the self-protection of ZIBs at high temperatures. Furthermore, the thermal-gated behavior is highly reversible, even after multiple heating/cooling cycles, because of the reversibility of temperature-dependent structural evolution and hydrophilic/hydrophobic transition. This work will pave the way for designing thermal-responsive energy-storage devices with safe and controlled energy delivery.
基于热门控聚合物电解质的智能锌离子电池 Angewandte Chemie-国际版，2020，59（38）：16480-16484。智能自保护对于解决储能设备的安全问题是必不可少的。然而，基于溶胶-凝胶转变电解质的传统策略通常存在自恢复性能不稳定的问题。在此，我们开发了基于热门控聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)（PNIPAM）水凝胶电解质的智能隔膜，用于可充电锌离子电池（ZIBs）。这种基于 PNIPAM 的隔膜不仅显示出从开放到关闭状态的孔结构演变，而且在温度升高时还表现出从亲水到疏水行为的表面润湿性转变。这种行为可以抑制电解质离子穿过隔膜迁移，实现 ZIBs 在高温下的自保护。此外，由于温度依赖性结构演变和亲水/疏水转变的可逆性，热门控行为高度可逆，即使在多次加热/冷却循环之后也是如此。 本项工作将为设计安全可控的能量输送的热响应储能器件铺平道路。

[518] Hydrogel Smart Windows Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2020, 8(20): 10007-10025.
[518] 水凝胶智能窗户 材料化学 A 杂志，2020，8(20)：10007-10025。

[519] Distributed Optical Fiber in-Situ Monitoring Technology for a Healthy Temperature Field in Lithium Ion Batteries Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2020, 47(12): 1204002. Here, a distributed optical fiber temperature sensor is embedded in a lithium-ion battery to realize real-time distributed in-situ monitoring of the temperature field in the battery and the evaluating and forewarning of its operating health. The distribution state and evolution of the temperature field in lithium-ion batteries under different operating environments are analyzed theoretically according to the structure design model of the batteries. Accordingly, the characteristic temperature points (positive taps, negative taps, and center point) are selected to optimize the layout location of sensors for the accurate measurement of the temperature field and the optimization of the cost performance. Hence, the number of sensors used, the difficulty of the layout process and the cost of demodulation equipment can be reduced. Distributed cascaded fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors are employed in the experiment. The experimental results show that the temperature of each characteristic point slowly increases with the ambient temperature, while the central temperature point exhibits a rapid temperature increase, which are consistent with the theoretical results. The proposed method provides a technical reference and an implementation scheme for the in-situ monitoring of the health status of the integrated components of large-scale lithium-ion batteries in the future.
[519] 锂离子电池健康温度场分布式光纤原位监测技术 中国激光，2020，47(12)：1204002。在此，将分布式光纤温度传感器嵌入锂离子电池中，以实现电池温度场的实时分布式原位监测及其运行健康的评估和预警。根据电池的结构设计模型，理论上分析了锂离子电池在不同工作环境下的温度场分布状态和演化。因此，选择特征温度点（正极引线、负极引线和中心点）以优化传感器的布局位置，以准确测量温度场并优化成本性能。因此，可以减少使用的传感器数量、布局过程的难度和解调设备的成本。实验中采用了分布式级联光纤布拉格光栅温度传感器。 实验结果表明，每个特征点的温度随着环境温度的升高而缓慢增加，而中心温度点则表现出快速升温，这与理论结果一致。所提出的方法为未来大规模锂离子电池集成组件健康状况的原位监测提供了一个技术参考和实施方案。

[520] Facile Fabrication of Reactive Dye@Pst Photonic Crystals with High Contrast on Textile Substrates by Ink-Jet Printing Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2020, 250. The low color saturation of photonic crystals (PCs) greatly limit their availability in the realms of color displays, especially in textile field. In order to improve the defect, the reactive dye@PSt microspheres are prepared as the structural units, in which the black reactive dyes are absorbed on the external surface of PSt microspheres under the electrostatic interaction, and the related PCs on white textile substrates are fabricated by ink-jet printing self-assembly, showing bright and vivid structural color attributed to the strong light absorption ability of the black reactive dyes on PCs and textile substrate, protecting photonic band gap (PBG) light from stray light. This facile and environmentally friendly approach for preparing PCs of high color saturation may boost the coloration applications in textiles.
[520] 通过喷墨打印材料化学与物理，2020，250。光子晶体（PCs）的低色饱和度极大地限制了其在彩色显示领域，尤其是在纺织领域的应用。为了改善这一缺陷，制备了反应性染料@PSt 微球作为结构单元，其中黑色反应性染料在静电相互作用下被吸收在 PSt 微球的外表面，通过喷墨打印自组装在白色纺织基板上制备相关 PCs，显示出由 PCs 和纺织基板上黑色反应性染料的强光吸收能力所赋予的鲜艳生动的结构色，保护光子带隙（PBG）光免受杂散光的影响。这种制备高色饱和度 PCs 的简便且环保的方法可能促进纺织领域的着色应用。

[521] Detection of Serum Igm and Igg for Covid-19 Diagnosis Science China-Life Sciences, 2020, 63(5): 777-780.
[521] 用于新冠病毒诊断的血清 IgM 和 IgG 检测 科学中国-生命科学，2020，63(5)：777-780。

[522] Hierarchically Structured Stretchable Conductive Hydrogels for High-Performance Wearable Strain Sensors and Supercapacitors Matter, 2020, 3(4): 1196-1210. Stretchable conductive materials, a critical building block of soft electronics, typically require multiple components that synergistically contribute good mechanical, electrical, and interfacial properties. The overall performance is often hindered by phase instability and poor miscibility of functional fillers within polymer matrices, compromising the conductive percolative network. We addressed this challenge with an ice-templated, low-temperature polymerization (ITLP) strategy and created stretchable conducting hydrogels. Owning a hierarchical dendritic microstructure with mitigated nanoaggregation, the material exhibited 29-fold enhancement in toughness and 83-fold increase in conductivity. Strain sensors using such gels demonstrated a broad detection range, high sensitivity, and health-monitoring capability. ITLP gel electrodes exhibited 888 F/g specific capacitance and 2,097 mF/cm(2) areal capacitance (368 F/g) when used in solid-state supercapacitors. Flexible and stretchable wearable supercapacitors have been successfully made and can power LEDs. The ITLP strategy is anticipated to create diverse high-performance soft-electronic materials for broad applications in energy, healthcare, and robotics.
[522] 分级结构可拉伸导电水凝胶：高性能可穿戴应变传感器和超级电容器材料，2020，3(4)：1196-1210。可拉伸导电材料是软电子学的一个关键构建块，通常需要多个协同贡献良好机械、电学和界面性能的组件。整体性能往往受到相不稳定性和功能填料在聚合物基体中混溶性差的影响，从而损害导电渗流网络。我们通过冰模板低温聚合（ITLP）策略解决了这一挑战，并创建了可拉伸导电水凝胶。该材料具有缓解纳米聚集的分级树状微观结构，其韧性提高了 29 倍，导电性提高了 83 倍。使用此类凝胶的应变传感器表现出广泛的检测范围、高灵敏度和健康监测能力。ITLP 凝胶电极在固态超级电容器中使用时，表现出 888 F/g 的比电容和 2,097 mF/cm²的面积电容（368 F/g）。 柔性可拉伸的超级电容器已成功制造，并可点亮 LED。ITLP 策略预计将创造多种高性能软电子材料，广泛应用于能源、医疗和机器人领域。

[523] A Patterned Mechanochromic Photonic Polymer for Reversible Image Reveal Advanced Materials Interfaces, 2020, 7(3). Mechanochromic photonic polymers, which can change structural color upon mechanical deformation, are promising for many applications including strain/stress sensors and security features. Here, a patterned poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)/cholesteric liquid crystal elastomer (CLCE) photonic mechanochromic bilayer film for reversible image reveal is reported, in which the PDMS component determines the mechanical properties and the CLCE determines the mechanochromic properties. The structural color pattern is achieved by locally crosslinking the CLCE layer at different temperatures using a photomask and utilizing the temperature response of the cholesteric liquid crystal main-chain oligomers. The resulting PDMS/CLCE bilayer is able to reversibly reveal the predesigned invisible pattern upon stretching, showing that this method can be used to convey more advanced information to a potential user than would be possible with a simple homogeneous color change. It is also demonstrated that the bilayer film can be used as a stimuli-responsive sticker able to detect bending deformations.
[523] 一种用于可逆图像显示的图案化机械色光子聚合物，《先进材料界面》，2020，7(3)。机械色光子聚合物，在机械变形时可以改变结构色，在应变/应力传感器和安全特性等多个应用中具有前景。在此，我们报道了一种图案化的聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）/胆甾相液晶弹性体（CLCE）光子机械色双层薄膜，用于可逆图像显示，其中 PDMS 组分决定了机械性能，CLCE 决定了机械色性能。通过使用光掩模在不同温度下局部交联 CLCE 层，并利用胆甾相液晶主链寡聚物的温度响应，实现了结构色图案。所得的 PDMS/CLCE 双层薄膜能够在拉伸时可逆地显示预先设计的隐形图案，表明这种方法可以比简单的均匀颜色变化传达更多的高级信息。 双层薄膜可以用作刺激响应型贴纸，能够检测弯曲变形。

[524] Design and Preparation of a 3d Photonic Glass with a Broad Infrared Gap Chemistryselect, 2020, 5(48): 15117-15120. Photonic glasses with infrared gaps can be used as surface coating materials to effectively change the infrared radiation characteristics of substrate. In this research, a photonic glass with an infrared broad gap could be prepared easily in thermostatic water bath by a simple and fast baking protocol. The photonic glass prepared had a broad gap from 4.25 to 4.57 mu m, centering at 4.45 mu m, which was slightly different from the result of numerical simulation due to the existence of the internal disordered structure. The infrared transmission diagram showed that the infrared transmittance of a substrate covered by the photonic glass can be reduced from 80 % to 25 % at infrared atmosphere window of 3 similar to 5 mu m, which proved the ability of the material to regulate and control the infrared electromagnetic wave. In addition, the material can significantly restrain the infrared radiation of the substrate at 60 degrees C, which was expected to achieve stealth under the infrared detection.
[524] 3D 光子玻璃的设计与制备，Chemistryselect，2020，5(48)：15117-15120。具有红外带隙的光子玻璃可以用作表面涂层材料，以有效改变基底的红外辐射特性。在本研究中，通过简单快速的热处理协议，可以在恒温浴中轻松制备具有红外宽带隙的光子玻璃。制备的光子玻璃具有从 4.25 到 4.57 微米的宽带隙，中心位于 4.45 微米，由于内部无序结构的存在，与数值模拟结果略有不同。红外透射图显示，覆盖光子玻璃的基底在 3 至 5 微米红外大气窗口处的红外透射率可以从 80%降低到 25%，这证明了该材料调节和控制红外电磁波的能力。此外，该材料可以显著抑制 60°C 时基底的红外辐射，有望在红外探测下实现隐身。

[525] Label-Free Quantifications of Multiplexed Mycotoxins by G-Quadruplex Based on Photonic Barcodes Analytical Chemistry, 2020, 92(4): 2891-2895. Multiplexed quantification of mycotoxins is of great significance in food safety. Here, novel photonic crystal (PhC) barcodes with G-quadruplex aptamer encapsulated for label-free multiplex mycotoxins quantification are developed. The probes are immobilized on PhC barcodes to form a molecular beacon (MB), which contains the sequences of mycotoxin aptamers and a G-quadruplex. In the presence of the target, the hairpin structure of MB would open and the region of the G-quadruplex is exposed, which subsequently combines with Thioflavin T (ThT) to produce fluorescence. The relative fluorescence intensity increased as the mycotoxins concentration increased in a linear range from 1.0 pg/mL to 100 ng/mL. Moreover, the multiplexed mycotoxins quantification could be achieved by tuning the structural color of the PhC barcodes. We demonstrate that this method with high accuracy and specificity for multiplexed detection of mycotoxins, with the sensitivity of the detection as low as 0.70 pg/mL. Our results show that G-quadruplex-encapsulated PhC barcodes offer a novel simple and label-free pathway toward the multiplex screen assay of mycotoxins for food safety.
[525] 基于光子条形码的 G-四链体无标记多重毒素定量分析化学，2020，92(4)：2891-2895。多重毒素定量在食品安全中具有重要意义。在此，开发了封装 G-四链体适配体的新型光子晶体（PhC）条形码，用于无标记多重毒素定量。探针固定在 PhC 条形码上形成分子信标（MB），其中包含毒素适配体序列和 G-四链体。在存在目标物质的情况下，MB 的发夹结构会打开，G-四链体区域暴露，随后与硫黄素 T（ThT）结合产生荧光。随着毒素浓度的增加，相对荧光强度在 1.0 pg/mL 至 100 ng/mL 的线性范围内增加。此外，通过调节 PhC 条形码的结构色可以实现多重毒素定量。我们证明了该方法对多重毒素检测具有高准确性和特异性，检测灵敏度低至 0.70 pg/mL。 我们的结果表明，G-四链体封装的 PhC 条形码为食品安全中霉菌毒素的多元筛选检测提供了一种新颖、简单且无标签的方法。

[526] Preparation and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Collagen Peptide/Oxidized Konjac Composite Hydrogel International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2020, 149: 31-40. Medical dressings are used to protect damaged skin from external factors and provide a good healing environment. Hydrogels are aggregates of hydrophilic polymers and water that have a three-dimensional space and can absorb large amounts of water. It has been widely studied in the field of biomedical materials. In this study, we prepared a novel composite hydrogel combined carboxymethyl chitosan, collagen peptide and oxidized konjac, all three materials have been shown to be biocompatible. Then, we set up different hydrogels and tested hydrogels with different proportions. The structures of CMCS (carboxymethyl chitosan)/COP (collagen peptide)/OKGM (oxidized konjac) hydrogels were characterized by IR, NMR, X-ray diffraction and SEM. The effects of hydrogels on the growth of NS-FB and HS-FB cells were studied in vitro. The results of these tests show that the composite hydrogel has excellent mechanical properties and biological activity, and has potential application in wound dressing field. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier B.
[526] 羧甲基壳聚糖/胶原蛋白肽/氧化魔芋复合水凝胶的制备与表征 国际生物大分子杂志，2020，149：31-40。医用敷料用于保护受损皮肤免受外界因素影响，并提供良好的愈合环境。水凝胶是由亲水性聚合物和水组成的聚集体，具有三维空间结构，可以吸收大量水分。它在生物医学材料领域得到了广泛研究。在本研究中，我们制备了一种新型复合水凝胶，结合了羧甲基壳聚糖、胶原蛋白肽和氧化魔芋，这三种材料均已被证明具有生物相容性。然后，我们建立了不同的水凝胶并测试了不同比例的水凝胶。通过红外光谱、核磁共振、X 射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对 CMCS（羧甲基壳聚糖）/COP（胶原蛋白肽）/OKGM（氧化魔芋）水凝胶的结构进行了表征。在体外研究了水凝胶对 NS-FB 和 HS-FB 细胞生长的影响。这些测试的结果表明，复合水凝胶具有优异的机械性能和生物活性，在伤口敷料领域具有潜在的应用价值。 (C) 2020 由爱思唯尔 B 出版。

[527] Colloidal Crystal Microneedle Patch for Glucose Monitoring Nano Today, 2020, 35. Blood glucose monitoring is a daily routine of people with type 1 or advanced type 2 diabetes. Efforts on minimizing invasiveness, improving portability, and enhancing sustainability of the existing glucose monitoring devices are demanding for elevating patient compliance. Here, we describe a minimally invasive colloidal crystal microneedle (MN) patch for naked-eye glucose monitoring. The glucose-responsive colloidal crystal (GCC)-MN is designed with a polymeric core to mechanically support a shell of GCC for glucose sensing and reporting. The GCC-MN patch could translate the glucose concentrations into naked-eye distinguishable color changes within 5 min, and such glucose responsiveness is reversible. Demonstrated in a type 1 diabetic mouse model, the interstitial fluid extraction, glucose sensing, and resulting glucose-relevant color display procedures are simultaneously achieved with this GCC-MN patch. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
[527] 用于葡萄糖监测的胶体晶体微针贴片 纳米今天，2020，35。对于 1 型或晚期 2 型糖尿病患者来说，血糖监测是日常常规。为了提高患者的依从性，减少侵入性、提高便携性和增强现有血糖监测设备的可持续性是一项艰巨的任务。在这里，我们描述了一种用于裸眼血糖监测的微创胶体晶体微针（MN）贴片。葡萄糖响应性胶体晶体（GCC）-MN 设计有聚合物核心，以机械支撑用于葡萄糖传感和报告的 GCC 壳。GCC-MN 贴片可以将葡萄糖浓度在 5 分钟内转换为肉眼可辨别的颜色变化，并且这种葡萄糖响应性是可逆的。在 1 型糖尿病小鼠模型中进行了演示，该 GCC-MN 贴片同时实现了间质液提取、葡萄糖传感和葡萄糖相关颜色显示程序。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。

[528] Ionic Effects on Synthetic Polymers: From Solutions to Brushes and Gels Soft Matter, 2020, 16(17): 4087-4104. The ionic effects on synthetic polymers have attracted extensive attention due to the crucial role of ions in the determination of the properties of synthetic polymers. This review places the focus on specific ion effects, multivalent ion effects, and ionic hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity effects in synthetic polymer systems from solutions to brushes and gels. The specific ion effects on neutral polymers are determined by both the direct and indirect specific ion-polymer interactions, whereas the ion specificities of charged polymers are mainly dominated by the specific ion-pairing interactions. The ionic cross-linking effect exerted by the multivalent ions is widely used to tune the properties of polyelectrolytes, while the reentrant behavior of polyelectrolytes in the presence of multivalent ions still remains poorly understood. The ionic hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity effects not only can be applied to make strong polyelectrolytes thermosensitive, but also can be used to prepare polymeric nano-objects and to control the wettability of polyelectrolyte brush-modified surfaces. The not well-studied ionic hydrogen bond effects are also discussed in the last section of this review.
[528] 离子效应对合成聚合物的影响：从溶液到刷子和凝胶的软物质，2020，16(17)：4087-4104。由于离子在决定合成聚合物性质中的关键作用，离子对合成聚合物的影响引起了广泛关注。本综述重点关注从溶液到刷子和凝胶的合成聚合物系统中特定的离子效应、多价离子效应和离子亲水/疏水效应。中性聚合物的特定离子效应由直接和间接的特定离子-聚合物相互作用共同决定，而带电聚合物的离子特异性主要受特定离子配对相互作用的主导。多价离子施加的离子交联效应被广泛用于调节聚电解质的性质，而多价离子存在下聚电解质的回入行为仍然理解不足。 离子亲水/疏水性效应不仅可用于制备热敏性强聚电解质，还可用于制备聚合物纳米对象和控制聚电解质刷改性表面的润湿性。本综述的最后部分还讨论了研究不充分的离子氢键效应。

[529] Colorimetric Ethanol Indicator Based on Instantaneous, Localized Wetting of a Photonic Crystal ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2020, 12(1): 1924-1929. Easy-to-use sensors for ethanol solutions have broad applications ranging from monitoring alcohol quality to combating underage drinking. Although there are a number of electronic and colorimetric sensors available for determining alcohol concentration, there is currently no device that can concurrently provide a prompt, well-defined, quickly recoverable readout and remain readily affordable. Here, we developed a field-ready, colorimetric indicator that provides a fast, clear identification of ethanol-water mixtures between 0 and 40% based on the discoloration of a wetted photonic crystal. We cooperatively exploit the iridescence and the geometrical gating in silica inverse opal films (IOFs), together with a fine-tuned surface chemistry gradient, to distinguish ethanol concentrations by their wettability patterns in the different segments of the IOFs. The resultant all-in-one colorimetric sensor delivers a striking and instantaneous optical response at an ethanol concentration as low as 5%. We further improve the ease of use by seamlessly integrating this colorimetric platform with drinking glassware (a glass stirrer and a vial). This research provides an optimal means for colorimetric ethanol detection and is a step toward the immersible sensing of diverse molecules (e.g., biomarkers) in aqueous solutions without expensive laboratory tests.
基于瞬态、局部润湿光子晶体的比色乙醇指示剂 ACS 应用材料与界面，2020，12(1)：1924-1929。易于使用的乙醇溶液传感器具有广泛的应用，从监测酒精质量到对抗未成年人饮酒。尽管有众多电子和比色传感器可用于确定酒精浓度，但目前尚无一种设备能够同时提供快速、明确、快速恢复的读数且价格合理。在这里，我们开发了一种现场可用的比色指示剂，它基于润湿光子晶体的颜色变化，快速、清晰地识别 0 至 40%之间的乙醇-水混合物。我们合作利用二氧化硅逆光子晶体薄膜（IOFs）的彩虹色和几何门控，以及精细调谐的表面化学梯度，通过 IOFs 不同部分的润湿性模式来区分乙醇浓度。该多功能比色传感器在 5%的乙醇浓度下提供显著且瞬时的光学响应。 我们通过无缝集成该比色平台与饮用玻璃器皿（玻璃搅拌棒和试管）进一步提升了其易用性。本研究为比色法乙醇检测提供了最佳方法，并朝着在水中无需昂贵实验室测试即可浸没式检测多种分子（如生物标志物）的方向迈出一步。

[530] A Novel Lightweight Polyurethane Composite for Application on Ultra-High-Voltage Insulator Core Filler Polymers, 2020, 12(11). This study aimed to prepare a new lightweight ultra-high-voltage insulator core filler composite, which can solve the problem of bulkiness. In this study, rigid polyurethane foam pellets with different densities are used as lightweight fillers and polyurethane resins to compound lightweight composite materials. On accounting for working conditions, the density, insulation, heat resistance, water absorption and mechanical properties are tested. The compressive properties of composites are determined by a foam skeleton and a process. Among three kinds of composites, in which the composites with the best comprehensive performance are materials filled with pellets to a density of 0.15g center dot cm(-3). The density, surface resistance, volume resistance, leakage current, initial decomposition temperature, water absorption, force, rupture displacement and limiting oxygen index (LOI) of composites are 0.665 g center dot cm(-3), 1.17 x 10(14) omega, 9.68 x 10(14) omega center dot cm, 0.079 mA, 208 degrees C, 0.047%, 2262 N, 2.54 mm, and 23.3%, respectively. The ultra-high-voltage insulator core filler in this study can reduce the weight of the solid core insulator crossarm for Ultra-High Voltage (UHV) by 50-75%.
[530] 一种用于超高压绝缘芯填料聚合物的轻质聚氨酯复合材料，2020，12(11)。本研究旨在制备一种新型轻质超高压绝缘芯填料复合材料，以解决体积庞大问题。在本研究中，使用不同密度的刚性聚氨酯泡沫颗粒作为轻质填料和聚氨酯树脂来复合轻质复合材料。考虑到工作条件，测试了密度、绝缘性、耐热性、吸水性和机械性能。复合材料的抗压性能由泡沫骨架和工艺决定。在三种复合材料中，具有最佳综合性能的复合材料是填充到密度为 0.15g·cm(-3)的颗粒材料。复合材料的密度、表面电阻、体积电阻、漏电流、初始分解温度、吸水性、力、断裂位移和极限氧指数（LOI）分别为 0.665 g·cm(-3)、1.17 x 10(14) Ω、9.68 x 10(14) Ω·cm、0.079 mA、208°C、0.047%、2262 N、2.54 mm 和 23.3%。 本研究中的超高压绝缘芯填料可以降低超高压（UHV）固体绝缘芯横臂的重量，降低 50-75%。

[531] Rapid Detection of Covid-19 Coronavirus Using a Reverse Transcriptional Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (Rt-Lamp) Diagnostic Platform Clinical Chemistry, 2020, 66(7): 975-977.
[531] 利用逆转录环介导等温扩增（Rt-Lamp）诊断平台快速检测新冠病毒（Covid-19），临床化学，2020，66(7)：975-977。

[532] Superhydrophilic and Highly Elastic Monolithic Sponge for Efficient Solar-Driven Radioactive Wastewater Treatment under One Sun Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2020, 392: 122350. As an effective way to obtain solar energy and separate the soluble contaminants from water, solar-driven interfacial evaporation is used in desalination, wastewater treatment, electricity generation, and domestic water heating system. Herein, we demonstrate a monolithic sponge with three-dimensional porous structure as the solar-energy evaporator, which is composed of hydrophilic polymer (Konjac Glucomannan, KGM) and solar absorbent (reduced graphene oxide, rGO). Under one sun irradiation, the sponge achieves a rapid evaporation rate (1.60 kg m(-2)h(-1)) and high interfacial water evaporation efficiency (92 %) due to its good absorption, photothermal, thermal insulation, and fast water transport properties. Meanwhile, the concentrations of radioactive elements (strontium, cesium, and uranium) in wastewater dropped from grams to micrograms after purification, even under radiation and acidic conditions. Additionally, the durability and repeatability of the sponge also have been verified. The results showed that solar-driven interfacial evaporation can effectively treat radioactive wastewater and enrich various radionuclides in a more energy-saving manner.
[532] 超亲水高弹性单孔海绵，高效太阳能驱动放射性废水处理，单日太阳期刊，2020，392：122350。作为一种获取太阳能和将可溶性污染物从水中分离的有效方法，太阳能驱动界面蒸发被用于海水淡化、废水处理、电力生成和家庭热水系统。在此，我们展示了一种以三维多孔结构为太阳能蒸发器的新型单孔海绵，由亲水聚合物（魔芋甘露聚糖，KGM）和太阳能吸收剂（还原氧化石墨烯，rGO）组成。在单日太阳照射下，海绵因其良好的吸收、光热、隔热和快速水运输性能，实现了快速蒸发率（1.60 kg m(-2)h(-1)）和高界面水蒸发效率（92%）。同时，经过净化后，废水中的放射性元素（锶、铯和铀）浓度从克降至微克，即使在辐射和酸性条件下也是如此。此外，海绵的耐用性和可重复性也得到了验证。 结果显示，太阳能驱动的界面蒸发可以有效处理放射性废水，并以更节能的方式富集各种放射性同位素。

[533] Reversibly Transforming a Highly Swollen Polyelectrolyte Hydrogel to an Extremely Tough One and Its Application as a Tubular Grasper Advanced Materials, 2020, 32(49): 2005171. Poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) and its copolymer hydrogels are typical polyelectrolyte gels with extremely high swelling capacity that are widely used in industry. It's common to consider these hydrogels as weak materials that are difficult to toughen. Reported here is a facile strategy to transform swollen and weak poly(acrylamide-co-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) [P(AAm-co-AMPS)] hydrogels to tough ones by forming strong sulfonate-Zr4+ metal-coordination complexes. The resultant hydrogels with moderate water content possess high stiffness, strength, and fracture energy, which can be tuned over 3-4 orders of magnitude by controlling the composition and metal-to-ligand ratio. Owing to the dynamic nature of the coordination bonds, these hydrogels show rate- and temperature-dependent mechanical performances, as well as good self-recovery properties. This strategy is universal, as manifested by the drastically improved mechanical properties of hydrogels of various natural and synthetic sulfonate-containing polymers. The toughened hydrogels can be converted to the original swollen ones by breaking up the metal-coordination complexes in alkaline solutions. The reversible brittle-tough transition and concomitant dramatic volume change of polyelectrolyte hydrogels afford diverse applications, as demonstrated by the design of a tubular grasper with holding force a thousand times its own weight for objects with different geometries. It is envisioned that these hydrogels enable versatile applications in the biomedical and engineering fields.
[533] 可逆地将高度膨胀的聚电解质水凝胶转化为超韧水凝胶及其作为管状抓取器的应用 高分子材料科学，2020，32(49)：2005171。聚(2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基-1-丙磺酸)及其共聚物水凝胶是具有极高膨胀能力的典型聚电解质凝胶，在工业中广泛应用。通常将这些水凝胶视为难以增韧的弱材料。本文报道了一种简便的策略，通过形成强磺酸-Zr4+金属配位复合物，将膨胀且脆弱的聚(丙烯酰胺-2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基-1-丙磺酸) [P(AAm-co-AMPS)] 水凝胶转化为韧性水凝胶。所得水凝胶具有适中的含水量，具有高刚度、强度和断裂能，其可通过控制组成和金属-配体比进行调节，超过 3-4 个数量级。由于配位键的动态性质，这些水凝胶表现出速率和温度依赖的机械性能，以及良好的自修复性能。 该策略具有普遍性，正如各种天然和合成磺酸盐聚合物水凝胶的机械性能显著提高所体现的那样。通过在碱性溶液中分解金属配位复合物，可以使得增韧水凝胶恢复到原始的膨胀状态。聚电解质水凝胶的可逆脆韧转变及其伴随的体积变化巨大，为各种应用提供了可能，例如设计了一种握力是其自身体重千倍、适用于不同几何形状物体的管状抓取器。预计这些水凝胶将在生物医学和工程领域实现多种应用。

[534] Hydrogels as Dynamic Memory with Forgetting Ability Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020, 117(32): 18962-18968. The memory of our brain, stored in soft matter, is dynamic, and it forgets spontaneously to filter unimportant information. By contrast, the existing manmade memory, made from hard materials, is static, and it does not forget without external stimuli. Here we propose a principle for developing dynamic memory from soft hydrogels with temperature-sensitive dynamic bonds. The memorizing-forgetting behavior is achieved based on fast water uptake and slow water release upon thermal stimulus, as well as thermal-history-dependent transparency change of these gels. The forgetting time is proportional to the thermal learning time, in analogy to the behavior of brain. The memory is stable against temperature fluctuation and large stretching; moreover, the forgetting process is programmable. This principle may inspire future research on dynamic memory based on the nonequilibrium process of soft matter.
[534] 具有遗忘能力的动态水凝胶：美国国家科学院院刊，2020，117(32)：18962-18968。我们大脑中存储在软物质中的记忆是动态的，它会自发地遗忘以过滤不重要信息。相比之下，现有的由硬材料制成的人造记忆是静态的，没有外部刺激就不会遗忘。在这里，我们提出了一种从具有温度敏感动态键的软水凝胶中开发动态记忆的原则。记忆-遗忘行为是基于热刺激下的快速吸水和慢速放水，以及这些凝胶的热历史依赖性透明度变化。遗忘时间与热学习时间成正比，类似于大脑的行为。记忆对温度波动和大拉伸稳定；此外，遗忘过程是可编程的。这一原理可能激发基于软物质非平衡过程动态记忆的未来研究。

[535] Molecular Targets for the Testing of Covid-19 Biotechnology Journal, 2020, 15(6): e2000152-e2000152. The pandemic outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), spread all over the world in a short period of time. Efficient identification of the infection by SARS-CoV-2 has been one of the most important tasks to facilitate all the following counter measurements in dealing with the infectious disease. In Taiwan, a COVID-19 Open Science Platform adheres to the spirit of open science: sharing sources, data, and methods to promote progress in academic research while corroborating findings from various disciplines has established in mid-February 2020, for collaborative research in support of the development of detection methods, therapeutics, and a vaccine for COVID-19. Research priorities include infection control, epidemiology, clinical characterization and management, detection methods (including viral RNA detection, viral antigen detection, and serum antibody detection), therapeutics (neutralizing antibody and small molecule drugs), vaccines, and SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. In addition, research on social ethics and the law are included to take full account of the impact of the COVID-19 virus.
[535] 新冠病毒生物技术检测的分子靶标 生物技术杂志，2020，15(6)：e2000152-e2000152。由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 型（SARS-CoV-2）引起的 2019 冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行在短时间内迅速蔓延至全球。高效识别 SARS-CoV-2 感染已成为促进应对传染病所有后续措施的最重要任务之一。在台湾，一个遵循开放科学精神的 COVID-19 开放科学平台于 2020 年 2 月中旬成立，旨在通过共享资源、数据和促进跨学科研究进展来支持检测方法、治疗和疫苗的开发。研究重点包括感染控制、流行病学、临床特征和管理、检测方法（包括病毒 RNA 检测、病毒抗原检测和血清抗体检测）、治疗（中和抗体和小分子药物）、疫苗和 SARS-CoV-2 发病机制。 此外，还包括了关于社会伦理和法律的研究，以充分考虑 COVID-19 病毒的影响。

[536] Chemiluminescence for Bioimaging and Therapeutics: Recent Advances and Challenges Chemical Society Reviews, 2020, 49(19): 6800-6815. Chemiluminescence, the generation of Eight through chemiexcitation as a result of chemical reactions, has emerged as a novel tool for bioimaging and therapy in vivo. Due to the elimination of external optical excitation, it can effectively avoid background autofluorescence existing in fluorescence techniques, providing extremely high signal-to-noise ratios and sensitivity in bioimaging. Furthermore, in situ emitted photons can replace traditional excitation Eight to construct chemiexcited photodynamic therapy or drug release systems for the monitoring and treatment of deeply seated diseases or tumors. In this tutorial review, we will focus on the recent advancements of chemiluminescent platforms based on Euminophore substrates including luminol and its derivatives, cypridina luciferin analogs, peroxyoxalates, and dioxetanes, and systematically summarize the design principles, sensing mechanisms, and bioimaging and therapeutic applications of representative chemiluminescent probes as well as theranostic agents. Finally, the potential challenges and perspectives of chemiluminescent platforms for bioimaging and therapeutics are also discussed.
化学发光在生物成像和治疗中的应用：近期进展与挑战 化学学会评论，2020，49(19)：6800-6815。化学发光，通过化学反应产生八通过化学激发，已成为生物成像和治疗体内的一种新型工具。由于消除了外部光学激发，它可以有效避免荧光技术中存在的背景自荧光，提供极高的信噪比和灵敏度在生物成像中。此外，原位发射的光子可以替代传统的激发八构建化学激发光动力治疗或药物释放系统，用于监测和治疗深部疾病或肿瘤。在本篇教程综述中，我们将重点关注基于 Euminophore 底物（包括洛明醇及其衍生物、水母素类似物、过氧草酸盐和二氧杂环己烷）的化学发光平台的近期进展，并系统地总结代表性化学发光探针和诊断治疗剂的设计原则、传感机制以及生物成像和治疗应用。 最后，还讨论了化学发光平台在生物成像和治疗领域的潜在挑战和前景。

[537] Dimethyl Sulfoxide Infiltrated Photonic Crystals for Gas Sensing Microchemical Journal, 2020, 157: 105074-105082. Colorimetric sensors were fabricated by embedding three dimensional (3D) inverse opal photonic crystal (IOPC) structure inside a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) infiltrated carboxymethyl cellulose membrane for gas sensing. The DMSO infiltrated IOPC (DMSO-IOPC) carboxymethyl cellulose sensors can perform visual, on-site monitoring for analytes including alcohols, acetone and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). After exposed to alcohols and acetone, the mean effective refractive index (RI) and lattice constant of DMSO-IOPCs were changed, which led to a redshift of diffraction peak of the incident light. Sequentially their structural color changed remarkably. The limit of detection (LOD) for methanol and ethanol vapors are 110 ppm and 102 ppm, respectively. The H2O2 sensor is also achieved by using DMSO-IOPCs, and the diffraction blue-shifted when they were exposed to H2O2 vapor. In addition, this DMSO-IOPC sensor shows excellent selectivity and reversibility. The sensing mechanism of the DMSO-IOPC membranes was explained and simulated using finite-different time-domain (FDTD) method, and the experimental results were consistent with the simulated results. The DMSO-IOPCs demonstrate promising potential for in-situ monitoring of alcohol vapors, and could be used for peroxides detection and as a cheap and minimally invasive breathalyzer.
[537] 二甲基亚砜浸渗光子晶体用于气体传感 微化学杂志，2020，157：105074-105082。通过将三维（3D）倒置光学晶体（IOPC）结构嵌入二甲基亚砜（DMSO）浸渗的羧甲基纤维素膜中，制备了比色传感器用于气体传感。DMSO 浸渗 IOPC（DMSO-IOPC）羧甲基纤维素传感器可以对包括醇、丙酮和过氧化氢（H2O2）在内的分析物进行可视、现场监测。暴露于醇和丙酮后，DMSO-IOPC 的平均有效折射率（RI）和晶格常数发生变化，导致入射光衍射峰红移。随后，其结构色发生了显著变化。甲醇和乙醇蒸气的检测限（LOD）分别为 110 ppm 和 102 ppm。通过使用 DMSO-IOPC，还实现了 H2O2 传感器，当它们暴露于 H2O2 蒸气时，衍射发生蓝移。此外，这种 DMSO-IOPC 传感器表现出优异的选择性和可逆性。 DMSO-IOPC 膜的传感机制采用有限差分时域（FDTD）方法进行了解释和模拟，实验结果与模拟结果一致。DMSO-IOPC 膜在酒精蒸汽原位监测方面展现出良好的潜力，可用于过氧化物检测，并作为一种廉价且侵入性小的酒精检测仪。

[538] An Enhanced Gas Sensor Based on Sio2@Mesoporous Mcm-41 Core–Shell Nanocomposites for So2 Visual Detection The Analyst, 2020, 145(12): 4352-4357. A colorimetric sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas sensor based on a core-shell composite was developed. The composite was fabricated with a silicon dioxide core and a mesoporous MCM-41 shell (SiO2@MCM-41), and further loaded with a mixture of zinc chloride (ZnCl2), sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and hexamine as an SO(2)indicator. The sensing properties of SiO2@MCM-41 toward SO(2)were measured in solid powder, discs and a gas detection tube (GDT), respectively. Each of these sensing configurations showed a distinct color change from pale yellow to red, which indicates good potential for naked-eye detection of SO2. The limit of detection (LOD) is 2 ppm for SiO2@MCM-41 discs, which indicates high sensitivity to SO2. The performance of GDT suggested a linear relationship between the SO(2)concentration and the response length of the red portions in a range of 100-1000 ppm. This work shows promising potential of SiO2@MCM-41 as an easy, effective and rapid response sensing material for thein situdetection of SO2.
[538] 基于 SiO2@介孔 MCM-41 核-壳纳米复合材料的增强型二氧化硫气体传感器用于二氧化硫视觉检测《分析化学》，2020，145(12)：4352-4357。开发了一种基于核-壳复合材料的比色二氧化硫（SO2）气体传感器。该复合材料由二氧化硅核和介孔 MCM-41 壳（SiO2@MCM-41）制成，并进一步加载了氯化锌（ZnCl2）、亚硝基铁氰化钠（SNP）和六胺的混合物作为 SO(2)指示剂。分别测量了 SiO2@MCM-41 对 SO(2)的传感性能，在固体粉末、圆盘和气体检测管（GDT）中。这些传感配置均表现出从浅黄色到红色的明显颜色变化，表明裸眼检测 SO2 具有良好的潜力。SiO2@MCM-41 圆盘的检测限（LOD）为 2 ppm，表明对 SO2 具有高灵敏度。GDT 的性能表明，在 100-1000 ppm 的范围内，SO(2)浓度与红色部分响应长度之间存在线性关系。这项工作展示了 SiO2@MCM-41 作为易于、有效且快速响应的传感材料，用于现场检测 SO2 的潜在应用前景。

[539] Full-Color Natural Rubber Latex with a Photonic Nanostructure Composite Chemical Communications, 2020, 56(67): 9604-9607. As environmental problems increase, there is an urgent demand for new eco-friendly materials. Natural rubber latex (NRL) is a natural material extracted from rubber trees. But its dyeing process with chemical dyes might result in contamination and environmental degradation. Here, NRL is composited with a photonic crystal (PhC) structure by spin coating for the first time. The polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) photonic nanostructure has been embedded into NRL to give it colors and provide it with optical functionalities. Colors of the composite could be designed and controlled by the sizes of the nanocolloids from 180 nm to 295 nm. The colors have strong stability under external stretching. The 3D natural rubber latex photonic crystal (NRLPC) is used as a responsive material to detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including formaldehyde, acetone, toluene, xylene and styrene. With its visual color appearance, biocompatibility and flexibility, NRLPC has promising potential in various sensing applications.
[539] 全彩色天然橡胶乳胶光子晶体复合化学通讯，2020，56(67)：9604-9607。随着环境问题的加剧，对新型环保材料的需求迫切。天然橡胶乳胶（NRL）是从橡胶树中提取的天然材料。但使用化学染料对其进行染色的过程可能会导致污染和环境退化。在这里，NRL 首次通过旋涂与光子晶体（PhC）结构复合。聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）光子纳米结构已被嵌入到 NRL 中，使其具有颜色并提供光学功能。复合材料的颜色可以通过纳米胶体的大小从 180 nm 到 295 nm 进行设计和控制。颜色在外部拉伸下具有强稳定性。三维天然橡胶乳胶光子晶体（NRLPC）被用作响应材料来检测包括甲醛、丙酮、甲苯、二甲苯和苯乙烯在内的挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）。凭借其视觉颜色外观、生物相容性和柔韧性，NRLPC 在多种传感应用中具有广阔的潜力。

[540] Significance of Serology Testing to Assist Timely Diagnosis of Sars-Cov-2 Infections: Implication from a Family Cluster Emerging Microbes & Infections, 2020, 9(1): 924-927. Confirmative diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections has been challenged due to unsatisfactory positive rate of molecular assays. Here we identified a family cluster of SARS-CoV-2 infections, with five of six family members were SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobin serology testing positive, while molecular assays only detected two of this five patients even repeated twice. We comprehensively analyzed this familial cluster of cases based on the clinical characteristics, chest CT images, SARS-CoV-2 molecular detection results, and serology testing results. At last, two patients were diagnosed with COVID-19, two were suspected of COVID-19, and two were considered close contacts. Our results emphasized the significance of serology testing to assist timely diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections, especially for COVID-19 close contacts screening.
血清学检测对协助及时诊断 SARS-CoV-2 感染的意义：来自一个家庭聚集病例的启示《新兴微生物与感染》，2020，9(1)：924-927。由于分子检测阳性率不理想，SARS-CoV-2 感染的确诊受到了挑战。在此，我们确定了一个 SARS-CoV-2 感染的家庭聚集病例，其中六名家庭成员中有五名 SARS-CoV-2 特异性免疫球蛋白血清学检测呈阳性，而分子检测仅检测到这五名患者中的两名，即使重复检测两次。我们基于临床特征、胸部 CT 图像、SARS-CoV-2 分子检测结果和血清学检测结果，全面分析了这一家族聚集病例。最后，两名患者被诊断为 COVID-19，两名疑似 COVID-19，两名被认为是密切接触者。我们的结果强调了血清学检测在协助及时诊断 SARS-CoV-2 感染，尤其是 COVID-19 密切接触者筛查中的重要性。

[541] Multidimensional Gradient Hydrogel and Its Application in Sustained Release Colloid and Polymer Science, 2020, 298(9): 1187-1195. We prepared two types of multidimensional gradient hydrogels by simple electrophoresis using spherical graphite electrode. To explore their application in controlled drug release, rhodamine B (RB) and sodium salicylate (SS) were used as oppositely charged drug models respectively to in situ loading into the hydrogels by electrostatic interaction with the charged components accordingly. In both cases, the model drugs and the charged components of the hydrogels were gradiently distributed with the drug concentration increased from the gel surface to the gel core. For the crosslinking gradient hydrogel prepared at 2 V, the network size near the gel surface is about 3 times that of the gel core, and the release rate is 0.85 times of that of the non-gradient hydrogel. For the polymer chain gradient hydrogel prepared at 2.5 V, the relative content of polymer chain near the core of the gel is 2.5 times that of the gel surface, and the release rate is 0.71 times of the non-gradient hydrogel.
[541] 多维梯度水凝胶及其在持续释放胶体和聚合物科学中的应用，2020，298(9)：1187-1195。我们通过简单的电泳使用球形石墨电极制备了两种类型的多维梯度水凝胶。为了探索它们在控制药物释放中的应用，分别使用罗丹明 B（RB）和苯甲酸钠（SS）作为相反电荷的药物模型，通过静电相互作用将它们就地加载到水凝胶中。在两种情况下，模型药物和水凝胶的电荷组分都是梯度分布的，药物浓度从凝胶表面增加到凝胶核心。对于在 2 V 下制备的交联梯度水凝胶，凝胶表面的网络尺寸约为凝胶核心的 3 倍，释放速率是非梯度水凝胶的 0.85 倍。对于在 2.5 V 下制备的聚合物链梯度水凝胶，凝胶核心附近的聚合物链相对含量是凝胶表面的 2.5 倍，释放速率是非梯度水凝胶的 0.71 倍。

[542] Preparation and Application of Photonic Crystal Paints with Tunable Structural Colors Physica Status Solidi a-Applications and Materials Science, 2020, 217(9). A simple and fast paint drawing method is applied in fabricating patterned photonic crystals (PCs) on white paper substrates. The paints with structural colors are simply fabricated using monodispersed black disperse dye@poly(styrene-butyl acrylate-methacrylate) (P(St-BA-MAA)) microspheres via a rapid centrifugal treatment. Specifically, the centrifugal speeds and centrifugal times of dye@P(St-BA-MAA) microspheres are systematically optimized, and the apparent colors of prepared paints are simply characterized, and then the paints are used to fabricate photonic crystal patterns (PCPs) by paintbrushes. It is confirmed that the suitable paints can be prepared at 8000 rpm centrifugal speed and 30 min centrifugal time. The prepared paints display bright and iridescent structural colors, which indicates that the dye@P(St-BA-MAA) microspheres of paints undergo a certain degree of self-assembly during the driving of centrifugal forces. The prepared paints fabricate 3D PCPs with bright and iridescent structural colors within 10-20 s. Moreover, when the diameter of microspheres decreases or the viewing angle increases, the resultant structural colors produce a blue shift according to Bragg's diffraction law. It is believed that the paints for fabricating PCPs with tunable structural colors have wide applications in painting fields.
[542] 可调结构色光子晶体涂料的制备与应用 物理状态固体 a-应用与材料科学，2020，217(9)。在白色纸基上制备图案化光子晶体（PCs）时，采用了一种简单快速的涂料绘制方法。通过快速离心处理，简单地使用单分散黑色分散染料@聚（苯乙烯-丁基丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯）（P(St-BA-MAA)）微球制备具有结构色的涂料。具体而言，系统地优化了染料@P(St-BA-MAA)微球的离心速度和离心时间，并简单地表征了制备的涂料的显色，然后使用画笔用涂料制备光子晶体图案（PCPs）。证实，在 8000 rpm 的离心速度和 30 分钟的离心时间下可以制备合适的涂料。制备的涂料显示出明亮且彩虹般的光泽结构色，这表明在离心力的驱动下，涂料中的染料@P(St-BA-MAA)微球经历了一定程度的自组装。 制备的涂料在 10-20 秒内可制造出具有鲜艳和彩虹色结构色的 3D PCPs。此外，当微球直径减小或观察角度增大时，根据布拉格衍射定律，产生的结构色会产生蓝移。人们认为，用于制造可调结构色 PCP 的涂料在涂料领域具有广泛的应用。

[543] Dye‐Loaded Mechanochromic and Ph‐Responsive Elastomeric Opal Films Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 2020, 42(1): e2000557. In this work, the preparation and fabrication of elastomeric opal films revealing reversible mechanochromic and pH-responsive features are reported. The core-interlayer-shell (CIS) particles are synthesized via stepwise emulsion polymerization leading to hard core (polystyrene), crosslinked interlayer (poly(methyl methacrylate-co-allyl methacrylate), and soft poly(ethyl acrylate-co-butyl acrylate-co-(2-hydroxyethyl) methacrylate) shell particles featuring a size of 294.9 +/- 14.8 nm. This particle architecture enables the application of the melt-shear organization technique leading to elastomeric opal films with orange, respectively, green brilliant reflection colors dependent on the angle of view. Moreover, the hydroxyl moieties as part of the particle shell are advantageously used for subsequent thermally induced crosslinking reactions enabling the preparation of reversibly tunable mechanochromic structural colors based on Bragg's law of diffraction. Additionally, the CIS particles can be loaded upon extrusion or chemically by a postfunctionalization strategy with organic dyes implying pH-responsive features. This convenient protocol for preparing multi-responsive, reversibly stretch-tunable opal films is expected to enable a new material family for anti-counterfeiting applications based on external triggers.
[543] 染料负载的机械变色和 pH 响应性弹性宝石薄膜 大分子快速通讯，2020，42(1)：e2000557。在本工作中，报告了具有可逆机械变色和 pH 响应特征的弹性宝石薄膜的制备和制造。通过逐步乳液聚合合成了核-层-壳（CIS）颗粒，包括硬核（聚苯乙烯）、交联层（聚（甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯基甲基丙烯酸酯））和软聚（乙烯丙烯酸酯-丁烯丙烯酸酯-（2-羟基乙基）甲基丙烯酸酯）壳颗粒，其尺寸为 294.9 +/- 14.8 nm。这种颗粒结构使得熔体剪切组织技术得以应用，从而产生橙色和绿色鲜艳的反射颜色，这些颜色取决于观察角度。此外，作为颗粒壳的一部分的羟基基团被有利地用于后续的热诱导交联反应，从而制备基于布拉格衍射定律的可逆调谐机械变色结构颜色。 此外，CIS 颗粒可以通过挤出或通过后功能化策略与有机染料结合，实现 pH 响应特性。这种方便的制备多响应、可逆拉伸可调的蛋白石薄膜的方案，有望为基于外部触发的防伪应用开辟一种新材料家族。

[544] Detection of Lysozyme in Body Fluid Based on Two-Dimensional Colloidal Crystal Sensor Microchemical Journal, 2020, 157.
[544] 基于二维胶体晶体传感器的体液中溶菌酶检测，《微化学杂志》，2020，157。

[545] A Self-Adapting Hydrogel Based on Chitosan/Oxidized Konjac Glucomannan/Agnps for Repairing Irregular Wounds Biomaterials Science, 2020, 8(7): 1910-1922. Wound dressings play a critical role in the cutaneous healing process. The uncertainty of an injury leads to an irregular wound. However, incomplete contact between a general dressing and wound reduces the effectiveness of the dressing. Therefore, self-adapting hydrogels that are adhesive, injectable, and self-healable are being developed to efficiently treat irregular skin wounds. Here, we present an approach based on dynamic Schiff-base bond formation to prepare self-adapting hydrogel dressings that automatically adapt to irregular wounds under natural conditions and sustain total contact with the injured site. Spectroscopic investigations suggested the formation of dynamic covalent Schiff-base bonds, which are closely associated with the rapid formation of the hydrogel, between the aldehyde groups of oxidized konjac glucomannan and amine groups in the backbone of protonated chitosan and protonated tranexamic acid. Rheological analysis confirmed the self-healing property of the hydrogel, that is, the recovery of the broken hydrogel network. Histological analysis indicated that this self-adapting hydrogel provides a clear advantage over the commercial hydrogel dressing (AquacelAg (TM)) in the in vivo wound-healing process. Our rapidly gelating hydrogel formulations with self-healing ability, tissue adhesiveness, and antibacterial activity are very promising self-adapting biomaterials for repairing irregular wounds.
[545] 基于壳聚糖/氧化葛根甘露聚糖/AgNPs 的自适应水凝胶用于修复不规则伤口 生物材料科学，2020，8(7)：1910-1922。伤口敷料在皮肤愈合过程中起着关键作用。损伤的不确定性会导致不规则伤口。然而，一般敷料与伤口之间的不完全接触会降低敷料的效果。因此，正在开发具有粘附性、可注射性和自修复性的自适应水凝胶，以有效地治疗不规则皮肤伤口。在此，我们提出了一种基于动态席夫碱键形成的方法，制备出能够自动适应不规则伤口并在自然条件下与受伤部位保持完全接触的自适应水凝胶敷料。光谱研究表明，氧化葛根甘露聚糖的醛基与质子化壳聚糖和质子化氨甲环酸主链中的胺基之间形成了动态共价席夫碱键，这与水凝胶的快速形成密切相关。 流变学分析证实了水凝胶的自修复特性，即断裂水凝胶网络的恢复。组织学分析表明，这种自适应水凝胶在体内伤口愈合过程中相较于商用水凝胶敷料（AquacelAg (™)）具有明显优势。我们具有快速凝胶化、自修复能力、组织粘附性和抗菌活性的水凝胶配方，是非常有潜力的自适应生物材料，用于修复不规则伤口。

[546] Express and Sensitive Detection of Multiple Mirnas Via DNA Cascade Reactors Functionalized Photonic Crystal Array Science China-Chemistry, 2020, 63(5): 731-740. Array based detection techniques with fluorescence signal reading is a powerful tool for multiple targets analysis. However, when applied fluorescence array for microRNA detection, time-consuming multi-steps surface signal amplification is usually required due to the low abundance of microRNA in total RNA expressions, which impairs detection efficiency and limits its application in point of care test (POCT) manner. Herein, DNA cascade reactors (DCRs) functionalized photonic crystal (PC) array was fabricated for express and sensitive detections of miRNA-21 and miRNA-155. DCRs were assembled by interval conjugation of self-quenched hairpin DNA probes to single strand DNA nanowire synthesized by rolling circle amplification, which generated cascade DNA hybridization reactions in response to target miRNA with instant fluorescence recovery signal. PC array patterns with multi-structure colors further amplified fluorescence with their respective photonic bandgaps (PBGs) matching with the emission peaks of fluorescence molecules labelled on DCRs. The as-prepared DCRs functionalized PC array demonstrated express and sensitive simultaneous detections of miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 with hundreds fM detection limits only in 15 min, and was successfully applied in fast quantifications of low abundance miRNAs from cell lysates and spiked miRNAs from human serum, which would hold great potential for disease diagnosis and therapeutic effect monitoring with a POCT manner.
[546] 通过 DNA 级联反应器功能化光子晶体阵列实现多种 miRNA 的表达和灵敏检测《科学通报-化学》，2020，63(5)：731-740。基于阵列的检测技术，通过荧光信号读取是多重目标分析的有力工具。然而，当应用于微 RNA 检测的荧光阵列时，由于总 RNA 表达中微 RNA 的低丰度，通常需要耗时的多步表面信号放大，这会损害检测效率并限制其在即时检测（POCT）方式中的应用。在此，我们制备了 DNA 级联反应器（DCRs）功能化光子晶体（PC）阵列，用于 miRNA-21 和 miRNA-155 的表达和灵敏检测。DCRs 通过间隔交联自淬灭发夹 DNA 探针到通过滚环扩增合成的单链 DNA 纳米线组装而成，在响应目标 miRNA 时产生级联 DNA 杂交反应，并产生即时荧光恢复信号。 具有多结构色彩的 PC 阵列模式通过与其相应的光子带隙（PBGs）与荧光分子标记的 DCRs 的发射峰相匹配进一步增强了荧光。所制备的 DCRs 功能化 PC 阵列表现出对 miRNA-21 和 miRNA-155 的高灵敏度和快速检测，检测限仅为数百 fM，仅需 15 分钟，并且成功应用于从细胞裂解物中快速定量低丰度 miRNA 以及从人血清中添加的 miRNA，这将为疾病诊断和治疗效果监测提供 POCT 方式，具有巨大潜力。

[547] Bio‐Inspired Stretchable, Adhesive, and Conductive Structural Color Film for Visually Flexible Electronics Advanced Functional Materials, 2020, 30(32).
[547] 受生物启发的可拉伸、粘附和导电结构色薄膜，用于视觉柔性电子器件，先进功能材料，2020，30(32)。

[548] Interactively Full‐Color Changeable Electronic Fiber Sensor with High Stretchability and Rapid Response Advanced Functional Materials, 2020, 30(19).
[548] 具有高拉伸性和快速响应的交互式全彩色可变电子纤维传感器，先进功能材料，2020，30(19)。

[549] Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Covid-19 Using Crispr/Cas12a-Based Detection with Naked Eye Readout, Crispr/Cas12a-Ner Science Bulletin, 2020, 65(17): 1436-1439.
[549] 利用裸眼读数的 Crispr/Cas12a 基检测 Covid-19 的快速灵敏检测，Crispr/Cas12a-Ner 科学通报，2020，65(17)：1436-1439。

[550] Novel Synthesis of Mussel Inspired and Fe Induced Ph-Sensitive Hydrogels: Adhesion, Injectable, Shapeable, Temperature Properties, Release Behavior and Rheological Characterization Carbohydrate Polymers, 2020, 236. A novel EGCG-loaded DCKGM-CCKGM-Fe(3+)hydrogel was prepared by Dopamine-carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan (DCKGM) and an L-Cysteine-carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan (CCKGM) with Fe3+ as a cross-linking agent. Due to the dynamic property of Fe3+-phenolic hydroxyl coordination bond and intermolecular hydrogen bonding, the resultant hydrogel featured injectable, adhesive, temperature and pH-sensitive properties. The mechanisms were characterized using Rheological analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction patterns, and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the weak alkaline condition (pH 7.4) can trigger the release of EGCG, there was a cumulative release of 54.71 % of the loaded EGCG within 12 h in PBS at pH 1.2. When the pH of PBS was increased to 7.4, the cumulative release of EGCG increased to 68.54 %. Consequently, the EGCG-loaded DCKGM-CCKGM-Fe3+ hydrogel (Fe(3+)Hydrogel) is a good candidate for the carrier for drug delivery. This paper provided a novel way for the preparation of hydrogel.
[550] 基于贻贝灵感和 Fe 诱导的 pH 敏感水凝胶的合成：粘附性、可注射性、可塑性和温度特性、释放行为及流变学表征 碳水化合物聚合物，2020，236。通过多巴胺羧甲基魔芋甘露聚糖（DCKGM）和 L-半胱氨酸羧甲基魔芋甘露聚糖（CCKGM）以及 Fe3+作为交联剂，制备了一种新型的 EGCG 负载的 DCKGM-CCKGM-Fe(3+)水凝胶。由于 Fe3+-酚羟基配位键和分子间氢键的动态特性，所得水凝胶具有可注射性、粘附性、温度和 pH 敏感性。采用流变学分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X 射线衍射图案和扫描电子显微镜对机制进行了表征。此外，弱碱性条件（pH 7.4）可以触发 EGCG 的释放，在 pH 1.2 的 PBS 中，12 小时内 EGCG 的累积释放量为 54.71%。当 PBS 的 pH 值增加到 7.4 时，EGCG 的累积释放量增加到 68.54%。因此，EGCG 负载的 DCKGM-CCKGM-Fe3+水凝胶（Fe(3+)水凝胶）是药物递送的良好载体候选物。 本文提供了一种制备水凝胶的新方法。

[551] Novel One-Step Single-Tube Nested Quantitative Real-Time Pcr Assay for Highly Sensitive Detection of Sars-Cov-2 Analytical Chemistry, 2020, 92(13): 9399-9404. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a public health emergency. The reverse transcriptase real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) test is currently considered as a gold standard in the laboratory for the etiological detection of COVID-19. However, qRT-PCR results could be false-negative due to the inadequate sensitivity of qRT-PCR. In this study, we have developed and evaluated a novel one-step single-tube nested quantitative Real-Time PCR (OSN-qRT-PCR)assayfor highly sensitivedetection of SARS-CoV-2targeting the ORF1aband N genes. The sensitivity of the OSN-qRT-PCR assay was 1 copy/reaction and 10-fold higher than that of commercial qRT-PCR kit (10 copies/reaction). The clinical performance of the OSN-qRT-PCR assay was evaluated using 181 clinical samples. Among them, 14 qRT-PCR-negative samples (7 had no repetitive results, and 7 had no Ct values) were detected by OSN-qRT-PCR. Moreover, the 7qRT-PCR-positives in the qRT-PCR grey zone (Ct value of ORF1ab ranged from 37.48 to 39.07, and Ct value of N ranged from 37.34 to 38.75) were out of the grey zone thus were deemed to be positive by OSN-qRT-PCR, indicating the positivity of these samples is confirmative. Compared to the qRT-PCR kit, OSN-qRT-PCR assay revealed higher sensitivity and specificity hence better suited to clinical applications for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with low viral load.
[551] 一种新型一步法单管嵌套定量实时 PCR 检测 SARS-CoV-2 的快速分析化学方法，2020，92(13)：9399-9404。2019 冠状病毒病（COVID-19）已成为公共卫生紧急事件。逆转录实时定量 PCR（qRT-PCR）检测目前被认为是实验室中用于 COVID-19 病原学检测的金标准。然而，由于 qRT-PCR 灵敏度不足，qRT-PCR 结果可能为假阴性。在本研究中，我们开发并评估了一种针对 ORF1ab 和 N 基因的新型一步法单管嵌套定量实时 PCR（OSN-qRT-PCR）检测方法，用于高度灵敏地检测 SARS-CoV-2。OSN-qRT-PCR 检测方法的灵敏度达到 1 拷贝/反应，比商业 qRT-PCR 试剂盒（10 拷贝/反应）高 10 倍。使用 181 个临床样本评估了 OSN-qRT-PCR 检测方法的临床性能。其中，14 个 qRT-PCR 阴性样本（7 个无重复结果，7 个无 Ct 值）被 OSN-qRT-PCR 检测到。 此外，qRT-PCR 灰区内的 7qRT-PCR 阳性样本（ORF1ab 的 Ct 值范围为 37.48 至 39.07，N 的 Ct 值范围为 37.34 至 38.75）已超出灰区，因此被认为 OSN-qRT-PCR 阳性，表明这些样本的阳性结果得到证实。与 qRT-PCR 试剂盒相比，OSN-qRT-PCR 检测显示出更高的灵敏度和特异性，因此更适合用于检测低病毒载量患者的 SARS-CoV-2。

[552] A Peptide-Based Magnetic Chemiluminescence Enzyme Immunoassay for Serological Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2020, 222(2): 189-193. SARS-CoV-2, a novel SS-coronavirus, cause severe pneumonia and has spread throughout the globe rapidly. The disease associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection is named COVID-19. To date, real-time RT-PCR is the only test able to confirm this infection. However, the accuracy of RT-PCR depends on several factors; variations in these factors might significantly lower the sensitivity of detection. Here, we developed a peptide-based luminescent immunoassay that detected immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM. The assay cut-off value was determined by evaluating the sera from healthy and infected patients for pathogens other than SARS-CoV-2. To evaluate assay performance, we detected IgG and IgM in the sera from confirmed patients. The positive rate of IgG and IgM was 71.4% and 57.2%, respectively. Therefore, combining our immunoassay with real-time RT-PCR might enhance the diagnostic accuracy of COVID-19.
[552] 基于肽的磁化学发光酶免疫测定法用于 2019 冠状病毒病血清学诊断 《传染病杂志》，2020，222(2)：189-193。SARS-CoV-2，一种新型 SS 冠状病毒，引起严重肺炎，并迅速在全球范围内传播。与 SARS-CoV-2 感染相关的疾病被称为 COVID-19。迄今为止，实时 RT-PCR 是唯一能够确认这种感染的检测方法。然而，RT-PCR 的准确性取决于几个因素；这些因素的变异可能会显著降低检测的灵敏度。在这里，我们开发了一种基于肽的发光免疫测定法，用于检测免疫球蛋白 G（IgG）和 IgM。该测定法的截止值是通过评估健康和感染患者的血清中除 SARS-CoV-2 以外的病原体来确定的。为了评估测定法性能，我们在确诊患者的血清中检测了 IgG 和 IgM。IgG 和 IgM 的阳性率分别为 71.4%和 57.2%。因此，将我们的免疫测定法与实时 RT-PCR 结合可能提高 COVID-19 的诊断准确性。

[553] Il-6 May Be a Good Biomarker for Earlier Detection of Covid-19 Progression Intensive Care Medicine, 2020, 46(7): 1475-1476.
[553] IL-6 可能是早期检测 Covid-19 进展的良好生物标志物，重症监护医学，2020，46(7)：1475-1476。

[554] Spray Synthesis of Photonic Crystal Based Automotive Coatings with Bright and Angular‐Dependent Structural Colors Advanced Functional Materials, 2020, 31(9).
[554] 基于光子晶体的汽车涂层喷洒合成，具有明亮和角度依赖的结构色，先进功能材料，2020，31(9)。

[555] Preparation and Bioactivity of Acetylated Konjac Glucomannan Fibrous Membrane and Its Application for Wound Dressing Carbohydrate Polymers, 2020, 229: 115404. Biomaterial-host interactions significantly affect tissue repair, which is modulated by macrophages. In this study, a polysaccharide, konjac glucomannan (KGM), was acetylated with different degrees of substitution (DS), and the acetylated KGM (AceKGM)-based fibrous membrane was designed to modulate the activity of macrophages for accelerating wound healing. AceKGM was biocompatible and easily dissolved in organic solvents. The adhesion force between Raw264.7 cells and the AceKGM substrate was quantitatively detected by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results showed that the AceKGM fibrous membrane enhanced macrophage expression of anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative cytokines, and the DS of AceKGM significantly affected membrane bioactivity. The full-thickness mouse skin wound repair experiments indicated that the AceKGM-containing fibrous membranes significantly accelerated wound healing by promoting re-epithelialization, tissue remodeling, and collagen deposition. In summary, AceKGM-based fibrous membranes have potential as bioactive scaffolds for wound regeneration.
[555] 醋化魔芋甘露聚糖纤维膜的准备、生物活性及其在伤口敷料碳水化合物聚合物中的应用，2020，229：115404。生物材料与宿主相互作用显著影响组织修复，这受巨噬细胞的调节。在本研究中，一种多糖，魔芋甘露聚糖（KGM），以不同程度的取代度（DS）进行乙酰化，并设计基于乙酰化 KGM（AceKGM）的纤维膜以调节巨噬细胞的活性以加速伤口愈合。AceKGM 具有良好的生物相容性，易溶于有机溶剂。通过原子力显微镜（AFM）定量检测了 Raw264.7 细胞与 AceKGM 基底的粘附力。酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）结果显示，AceKGM 纤维膜增强了巨噬细胞对抗炎和促再生细胞因子的表达，AceKGM 的 DS 显著影响了膜的生物活性。全层小鼠皮肤伤口修复实验表明，含有 AceKGM 的纤维膜通过促进再上皮化、组织重塑和胶原蛋白沉积显著加速了伤口愈合。 总结来说，基于 AceKGM 的纤维膜在伤口再生方面具有作为生物活性支架的潜力。

[556] The Diagnostic Value of Rapid Anti Igm and Igg Detecting Tests in the Identification of Patients with Sars Cov-2 Virus Infection Orvosi Hetilap, 2020, 161(20): 807-812. Introduction: At the end of March, 2020, rapid tests detecting the presence of antiviral IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 virus were introduced in Hungary for the identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19 disease). Aim: We evaluated two rapid tests (Anhui and Clungene) in comparison with those of real-time PCR tests considered as the gold standard in the detection of infection. Method: Between 16, March and 14, April, 2020, we performed rapid IgM and IgG detecting tests without PCR; PCR without rapid tests; and PCR WITH rapid tests in 4140, 3210 and 1654 patients, respectively. (Out of these 1654 patients, Anhui and Clungene tests were used for testing in 625 and 1029 patients, respectively.) Patients were considered as positive in PCR and rapid tests when PCR positivity and IgM or IgG positivity occurred at any time, respectively. (Note: Clungene test is also marketed as 'Lungene'.) Results: The prevalence of PCR positivity in 4864 patients tested with PCR was 6.3%. The sensitivity and specificity of Anhui and Clungene tests were 33.3% and 72.85%, and 35.48% and 85.02%, respectively. At 6% PCR positivity, the positive and negative predictive values of Anhui and Clungene were 7.28%, 94.48%, 13.13%, and 95.38%, respectively. Conclusion: The low positive predictive values indicate that Anhui and Clungene rapid tests detecting the presence of anti-IgM and anti-IgG against SARS-CoV-2 virus infection are not suitable for screening SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in the general population. These results strongly support that Anhui and Clungene rapid tests detecting IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 virus should not be used in the differential diagnosis of infection.
[556] 快速抗 IgM 和 IgG 检测测试在识别 SARS-CoV-2 病毒感染患者中的诊断价值 Orvosi Hetilap，2020，161(20)：807-812。引言：2020 年 3 月底，匈牙利为识别 SARS-CoV-2 感染（COVID-19 疾病）引入了快速检测 SARS-CoV-2 病毒抗病毒 IgM 和 IgG 抗体的测试。目的：我们评估了两种快速测试（安徽和 Clungene）与作为感染检测金标准的实时 PCR 测试进行比较。方法：2020 年 3 月 16 日至 4 月 14 日，我们在 4140 名、3210 名和 1654 名患者中分别进行了无 PCR 的快速 IgM 和 IgG 检测测试、无快速测试的 PCR 以及有快速测试的 PCR。在这些 1654 名患者中，安徽和 Clungene 测试分别用于 625 名和 1029 名患者的检测。当 PCR 检测出阳性且在任何时间点出现 IgM 或 IgG 阳性时，患者被视为 PCR 和快速测试阳性。 （注意：Clungene 检测也称为'Lungene'。）结果：在 4864 名接受 PCR 检测的患者中，PCR 阳性率为 6.3%。安徽和 Clungene 检测的灵敏度和特异性分别为 33.3%和 72.85%，以及 35.48%和 85.02%。在 6%的 PCR 阳性率下，安徽和 Clungene 检测的阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为 7.28%、94.48%，13.13%和 95.38%。结论：较低的阳性预测值表明，安徽和 Clungene 快速检测抗 IgM 和抗 IgG 以检测 SARS-CoV-2 病毒感染，不适用于对普通人群进行 SARS-CoV-2 病毒感染的筛查。这些结果强烈支持，检测 SARS-CoV-2 病毒 IgM 和 IgG 抗体的安徽和 Clungene 快速检测不应用于感染的鉴别诊断。

[557] Comparison of Seven Commercial Rt-Pcr Diagnostic Kits for Covid-19 Journal of Clinical Virology, 2020, 128: 104412-104412. The final months of 2019 witnessed the emergence of a novel coronavirus in the human population. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has since spread across the globe and is posing a major burden on society. Measures taken to reduce its spread critically depend on timely and accurate identification of virus-infected individuals by the most sensitive and specific method available, i.e. real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Many commercial kits have recently become available, but their performance has not yet been independently assessed. The aim of this study was to compare basic analytical and clinical performance of selected RT-PCR kits from seven different manufacturers (Altona Diagnostics, BGI, CerTest Biotec, KH Medical, PrimerDesign, R-Biopharm AG, and Seegene). We used serial dilutions of viral RNA to establish PCR efficiency and estimate the 95 % limit of detection (LOD95). Furthermore, we ran a panel of SARS-CoV-2-positive clinical samples (n = 13) for a preliminary evaluation of clinical sensitivity. Finally, we used clinical samples positive for non-coronavirus respiratory viral infections (n = 6) and a panel of RNA from related human coronaviruses to evaluate assay specificity. PCR efficiency was ≥96 % for all assays and the estimated LOD95 varied within a 6-fold range. Using clinical samples, we observed some variations in detection rate between kits. Importantly, none of the assays showed cross-reactivity with other respiratory (corona)viruses, except as expected for the SARS-CoV-1 E-gene. We conclude that all RT-PCR kits assessed in this study may be used for routine diagnostics of COVID-19 in patients by experienced molecular diagnostic laboratories.
[557] 七种商业 Rt-Pcr 诊断试剂盒用于 Covid-19 的比较，《临床病毒学杂志》，2020，128：104412-104412。2019 年的最后几个月，人类人群中出现了新型冠状病毒。自那时起，严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）在全球范围内传播，并对社会造成了重大负担。采取的措施以减少其传播，关键取决于通过最敏感和最特异的方法及时准确地识别病毒感染者，即实时逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）。最近出现了许多商业试剂盒，但它们的性能尚未得到独立评估。本研究旨在比较七家不同制造商（Altona Diagnostics、BGI、CerTest Biotec、KH Medical、PrimerDesign、R-Biopharm AG 和 Seegene）选定的 RT-PCR 试剂盒的基本分析和临床性能。我们使用病毒 RNA 的系列稀释来建立 PCR 效率和估计 95%检测限（LOD95）。此外，我们还对 13 份 SARS-CoV-2 阳性临床样本进行了初步的临床敏感性评估。 最后，我们使用了 6 份非冠状病毒呼吸道病毒感染阳性临床样本和相关人类冠状病毒 RNA 面板来评估检测的特异性。所有检测的 PCR 效率≥96%，估计的 LOD95 值在 6 倍范围内变化。使用临床样本，我们观察到不同试剂盒之间检测率存在一些差异。重要的是，除了预期的 SARS-CoV-1 E 基因外，所有检测均未与其他呼吸道（冠状病毒）发生交叉反应。我们得出结论，本研究评估的所有 RT-PCR 试剂盒均可由经验丰富的分子诊断实验室用于 COVID-19 患者的常规诊断。

[558] Comparing the Analytical Performance of Three Sars-Cov-2 Molecular Diagnostic Assays Journal of Clinical Virology, 2020, 127: 104384-104384. In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was first isolated from Wuhan city, China and within three months, the global community was challenged with a devastating pandemic. The rapid spread of the virus challenged diagnostic laboratories to rapidly develop molecular diagnostic methods. As SARS CoV-2 assays became available for testing on existing molecular platforms, laboratories devoted unprecedented energy and resources into evaluating the analytical performance of the new tests and in some cases developed their own diagnostic assays under FDA-EUA guidance. This study compares the validation of three different molecular assays at the Johns Hopkins Molecular Virology laboratory: the RealStar SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR, ePlex SARS-CoV-2, and the CDC COVID-19 RT-PCR tests. Overall, our studies indicate a comparable analytical performance of the three assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2.
比较三种 SARS-CoV-2 分子诊断检测方法的分析性能《临床病毒学杂志》，2020 年，127 卷：104384-104384。2019 年 12 月，一种新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）首次从中国武汉市分离出来，在三个月内，全球社区面临了一场毁灭性的大流行。病毒的快速传播对诊断实验室提出了迅速开发分子诊断方法的挑战。随着 SARS CoV-2 检测方法在现有分子平台上可用，实验室投入了前所未有的精力和资源来评估新测试的分析性能，在某些情况下，在 FDA-EUA 指导下开发了他们自己的诊断检测方法。本研究比较了约翰霍普金斯分子病毒实验室三种不同分子检测方法的验证：RealStar SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR、ePlex SARS-CoV-2 和 CDC COVID-19 RT-PCR 检测。总体而言，我们的研究显示，这三种检测方法在检测 SARS-CoV-2 方面的分析性能相当。

[559] Diagnosing Covid-19: The Disease and Tools for Detection ACS Nano, 2020, 14(4): 3822-3835. COVID-19 has spread globally since its discovery in Hubei province, China in December 2019. A combination of computed tomography imaging, whole genome sequencing, and electron microscopy were initially used to screen and identify SARS-CoV-2, the viral etiology of COVID-19. The aim of this review article is to inform the audience of diagnostic and surveillance technologies for SARS-CoV-2 and their performance characteristics. We describe point-of-care diagnostics that are on the horizon and encourage academics to advance their technologies beyond conception. Developing plug-and-play diagnostics to manage the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak would be useful in preventing future epidemics.
[559] 诊断新冠病毒：疾病与检测工具 ACS 纳米，2020，14(4)：3822-3835。自 2019 年 12 月在中国的湖北省发现以来，新冠病毒已在全球范围内传播。最初，计算机断层扫描成像、全基因组测序和电子显微镜被用于筛选和识别新冠病毒的病毒病因 SARS-CoV-2。本综述文章的目的是向读者介绍 SARS-CoV-2 的诊断和监测技术及其性能特征。我们描述了即将到来的即时诊断，并鼓励学者们将他们的技术推进到概念阶段。开发即插即用的诊断工具来管理 SARS-CoV-2 疫情将有助于预防未来的流行病。

[560] Validation of a Chemiluminescent Assay for Specific Sars-Cov-2 Antibody Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 2020, 58(8): 1357-1364. Objectives: Faced with the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the availability and quality of both therapeutic and diagnostic methods, the Belgian authorities have decided to launch a procedure for additional evaluation of the performance of serological tests offered for sale on the national territory. This has been proposed with a double aim: (1) an in-depth verification of the analytical and clinical performances presented by the manufacturer and (2) an economy of scale in terms of centralized validation for all the laboratories using the tests subject to evaluation. Methods: A retrospective validation study was conducted including the serum of 125 patients in order to determine the analytical and clinical performances of the LIAISON (R) SARS-CoV-2 from DiaSorin (R) detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and to compare its clinical performance with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test from Euroimmun (R), one of the first commercially available tests allowing the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG. Results: The performances of the LIAISON (R) SARS-CoV-2 satisfied all the acceptance criteria and provided "real world" analytical and clinical performances very close to the ones reported by the manufacturer in its insert kit. Comparison between the LIAISON (R) SARS-CoV-2 and the ELISA method did not reveal any difference between the two techniques in terms of sensitivities and specificities regarding the determination of the IgG. Conclusions: This study reports the validation of the LIAISON (R) SARS-CoV-2 allowing to detect IgG antibodies specifically directed against SARS-CoV-2. The analytical and clinical performances are excellent, and the automation of the test offers important rates, ideal for absorbing an extension of testing.
[560] 一种化学发光检测 Sars-Cov-2 抗体的临床化学和实验室医学验证，2020，58(8)：1357-1364。目标：面对 COVID-19 大流行及其对治疗和诊断方法可用性和质量的影响，比利时当局决定启动一项对在全国领土上销售的血清学检测性能进行额外评估的程序。这有两个目标：(1)对制造商提供的分析和临床性能进行深入验证；(2)对于所有使用受评估检测的实验室进行集中验证，实现规模经济。方法：进行了一项回顾性验证研究，包括 125 名患者的血清，以确定 DiaSorin (R) LIAISON (R) SARS-CoV-2 检测抗-SARS-CoV-2 IgG 的分析和临床性能，并将其临床性能与 Euroimmun (R)的酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）测试进行比较，该测试是首批商业上可用的检测抗-SARS-CoV-2 IgA 和 IgG 的测试之一。 结果：LIAISON (R) SARS-CoV-2 的性能满足所有验收标准，并提供了与制造商在其说明书中所报告的非常接近的“真实世界”分析和临床性能。LIAISON (R) SARS-CoV-2 与 ELISA 方法之间的比较未在检测 IgG 方面揭示两种技术在灵敏度特异性方面的任何差异。结论：本研究报告了 LIAISON (R) SARS-CoV-2 的验证，允许检测针对 SARS-CoV-2 的特异性 IgG 抗体。分析和临床性能卓越，测试的自动化提供了重要优势，非常适合吸收测试范围的扩展。

[561] Understanding the Self-Assembly of Cellulose Nanocrystals-toward Chiral Photonic Materials Advanced Materials, 2020, 32(41): 1905876-1905891. Over millions of years, animals and plants have evolved complex molecules and structures that endow them with vibrant colors. Among the sources of natural coloration, structural color is prominent in insects, bird feathers, snake skin, plants, and other organisms, where the color arises from the interaction of light with nanoscale features rather than absorption from a pigment. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are a biorenewable resource that spontaneously organize into chiral nematic liquid crystals having a hierarchical structure that resembles the Bouligand structure of arthropod shells. The periodic, chiral nematic organization of CNC films leads them to diffract light, making them appear iridescent. Over the past two decades, there have been many advances to develop the photonic properties of CNCs for applications ranging from cosmetics to sensors. Here, the origin of color in CNCs, the control of photonic properties of CNC films, the development of new composite materials of CNCs that can yield flexible photonic structures, and the future challenges in this field are discussed. In particular, recent efforts to make flexible photonic materials using CNCs are highlighted.
[561] 理解纤维素纳米晶体的自组装——向手性光子材料迈进 高分子材料科学，2020，32(41)：1905876-1905891。在数百万年的进化过程中，动植物形成了复杂的分子和结构，赋予它们鲜艳的色彩。在自然色彩的来源中，结构色在昆虫、鸟羽、蛇皮、植物和其他生物中尤为突出，其颜色来源于光与纳米级特征的相互作用，而非色素的吸收。纤维素纳米晶体（CNCs）是一种可再生生物资源，能自发组织成具有类似节肢动物外壳 Bouligand 结构的分级手性向列液晶。CNC 薄膜的周期性手性向列组织使它们发生光的衍射，使其呈现出彩虹般的光泽。在过去二十年里，为了从化妆品到传感器等应用开发 CNCs 的光学特性，已经取得了许多进展。 在这里，讨论了 CNCs 中颜色的起源、CNC 薄膜的光学性质控制、可形成柔性光子结构的 CNCs 新型复合材料的发展以及该领域的未来挑战。特别是，强调了近期利用 CNCs 制备柔性光子材料的研究进展。

[562] Core–Shell Metal–Macrocycle Framework (Mmf): Spatially Selective Dye Inclusion through Core-to-Shell Anisotropic Transport Along Crystalline 1d-Channels Connected by Epitaxial Growth CrystEngComm, 2020, 22(8): 1306-1309.
[562] 核-壳金属-大环框架（Mmf）：通过外延生长连接的 1d-晶格通道沿核心到壳体的各向异性传输实现空间选择性染料包埋 CrystEngComm，2020，22(8)：1306-1309。

[563] Ddpcr: A More Accurate Tool for Sars-Cov-2 Detection in Low Viral Load Specimens Emerging Microbes & Infections, 2020, 9(1): 1259-1268. Quantitative real time PCR (RT-PCR) is widely used as the gold standard for clinical detection of SARS-CoV-2. However, due to the low viral load specimens and the limitations of RT-PCR, significant numbers of false negative reports are inevitable, which results in failure to timely diagnose, cut off transmission, and assess discharge criteria. To improve this situation, an optimized droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) was used for detection of SARS-CoV-2, which showed that the limit of detection of ddPCR is significantly lower than that of RT-PCR. We further explored the feasibility of ddPCR to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA from 77 patients, and compared with RT-PCR in terms of the diagnostic accuracy based on the results of follow-up survey. 26 patients of COVID-19 with negative RT-PCR reports were reported as positive by ddPCR. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, negative likelihood ratio (NLR) and accuracy were improved from 40% (95% CI: 27-55%), 100% (95% CI: 54-100%), 100%, 16% (95% CI: 13-19%), 0.6 (95% CI: 0.48-0.75) and 47% (95% CI: 33-60%) for RT-PCR to 94% (95% CI: 83-99%), 100% (95% CI: 48-100%), 100%, 63% (95% CI: 36-83%), 0.06 (95% CI: 0.02-0.18), and 95% (95% CI: 84-99%) for ddPCR, respectively. Moreover, 6/14 (42.9%) convalescents were detected as positive by ddPCR at 5-12 days post discharge. Overall, ddPCR shows superiority for clinical diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 to reduce the false negative reports, which could be a powerful complement to the RT-PCR.
[563] Ddpcr：低病毒载量样本中 SARS-CoV-2 检测的更准确工具《新兴微生物与感染》，2020，9(1)：1259-1268。定量实时 PCR（RT-PCR）被广泛用作临床检测 SARS-CoV-2 的黄金标准。然而，由于低病毒载量样本和 RT-PCR 的限制，不可避免地会出现大量假阴性报告，这导致无法及时诊断、切断传播和评估出院标准。为了改善这种情况，使用了优化的数字滴定 PCR（ddPCR）来检测 SARS-CoV-2，结果显示 ddPCR 的检测限显著低于 RT-PCR。我们进一步探讨了 ddPCR 检测 77 名患者 SARS-CoV-2 RNA 的可行性，并基于随访调查结果，比较了 ddPCR 与 RT-PCR 在诊断准确性方面的差异。26 名 COVID-19 患者的 RT-PCR 报告为阴性，但 ddPCR 检测为阳性。 敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值（PPV）、阴性预测值（NPV）、阴性似然比（NLR）和准确率从 RT-PCR 的 40%（95% CI：27-55%）、100%（95% CI：54-100%）、100%、16%（95% CI：13-19%）、0.6（95% CI：0.48-0.75）和 47%（95% CI：33-60%）分别提高到 ddPCR 的 94%（95% CI：83-99%）、100%（95% CI：48-100%）、100%、63%（95% CI：36-83%）、0.06（95% CI：0.02-0.18）和 95%（95% CI：84-99%）。此外，6/14（42.9%）的康复者在出院后 5-12 天内通过 ddPCR 检测为阳性。总体而言，ddPCR 在 SARS-CoV-2 的临床诊断中显示出优越性，可以减少假阴性报告，这可能是 RT-PCR 的有力补充。

[564] A Supramolecular Photonic Crystal Hydrogel Based on Host–Guest Interactions for Organic Molecule Recognition Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2020, 8(42): 14718-14722.
基于“主-客体”相互作用的有机分子识别超分子光子晶体水凝胶，《材料化学 C》杂志，2020 年，第 8 卷第 42 期：14718-14722。

[565] Intelligent Drug Delivery Microparticles with Visual Stimuli-Responsive Structural Color Changes International Journal of Nanomedicine, 2020, 15: 4959-4967. Background: Particle-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) have a demonstrated value for drug discovery and development. However, some problems remain to be solved, such as limited stimuli, visual-monitoring. Aim: To develop an intelligent multicolor DDSs with both near-infrared (NIR) controlled release and macroscopic color changes. Materials and Methods: Microparticles comprising GO/pNIPAM/PEGDA composite hydrogel inverse opal scaffolds, with dextran and calcium alginate hydrogel were synthesized using SCCBs as the template. The morphology of microparticle was observed under scanning electron microscopy, and FITC-dextran-derived green fluorescence images were determined using a confocal laser scanning microscope. During the drug release, FITC-dextran-derived green fluorescence images were captured using fluorescent inverted microscope. The relationship between the power of NIR and the drug release rate was obtained using the change in optical density (OD) values. Finally, the amount of drug released could be estimated quantitatively used the structural color or the reflection peak position. Results: A fixed concentration 8% (v/v) of PEGDA and 4mg/mL of GO was chosen as the optimal concentration based on the balance between appropriate volume shrinkage and structure color. The FITC-dextran was uniformly encapsulated in the particles by using 0.2 wt% sodium alginate. The microcarriers shrank because of the photothermal response and the intrinsic fluorescence intensity of FITC-dextran in the microparticles gradually decreased at the same time, indicating drug release. With an increasing duration of NIR irradiation, the microparticles gradually shrank, the reflection peak shifted toward blue and the structural color changed from red to orange, yellow, green, cyan, and blue successively. The drug release quantity can be predicted by the structural color of microparticles. Conclusion: The multicolor microparticles have great potential in drug delivery systems because of its vivid reporting color, excellent photothermal effect, and the good stimuli responsivity.
[565] 智能药物递送微球：具有视觉刺激响应结构颜色变化的国际纳米医学杂志，2020，15：4959-4967。背景：基于粒子的药物递送系统（DDSs）在药物发现和开发中已证明其价值。然而，仍有一些问题需要解决，例如刺激有限、视觉监测。目标：开发一种智能多色 DDSs，具有近红外（NIR）控制释放和宏观颜色变化。材料和方法：使用 SCCBs 作为模板，合成了由 GO/pNIPAM/PEGDA 复合水凝胶逆光学晶体支架、葡聚糖和钙藻酸盐水凝胶组成的微球。在扫描电子显微镜下观察了微球的形态，并使用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜确定了 FITC-葡聚糖衍生的绿色荧光图像。在药物释放过程中，使用荧光倒置显微镜捕获了 FITC-葡聚糖衍生的绿色荧光图像。通过光学密度（OD）值的变化获得了 NIR 功率与药物释放速率之间的关系。 最后，通过结构色或反射峰位可以定量估计释放的药物量。结果：基于适当的体积收缩与结构色的平衡，选择了 8%（v/v）的 PEGDA 和 4mg/mL 的 GO 作为最佳浓度。FITC-葡聚糖通过使用 0.2 wt%的海藻酸钠均匀包覆在颗粒中。由于光热响应，微载体收缩，同时微颗粒中 FITC-葡聚糖的固有荧光强度逐渐降低，表明药物释放。随着近红外照射时间的增加，微颗粒逐渐收缩，反射峰向蓝色偏移，结构色依次从红色变为橙色、黄色、绿色、青色和蓝色。可以通过微颗粒的结构色预测药物释放量。结论：多色微颗粒由于其生动的报告颜色、优异的光热效应和良好的刺激响应性，在药物递送系统中具有巨大潜力。

[566] Kinetics of Sars-Cov-2 Specific Igm and Igg Responses in Covid-19 Patients Emerging Microbes & Infections, 2020, 9(1): 940-948. The emerging COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection poses severe challenges to global public health. Serum antibody testing is becoming one of the critical methods for the diagnosis of COVID-19 patients. We investigated IgM and IgG responses against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) protein after symptom onset in the intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU patients. 130 blood samples from 38 COVID-19 patients were collected. The levels of IgM and IgG specific to N and S protein were detected by ELISA. A series of blood samples were collected along the disease course from the same patient, including 11 ICU patients and 27 non-ICU patients for longitudinal analysis. N and S specific IgM and IgG (N-IgM, N-IgG, S-IgM, S-IgG) in non-ICU patients increased after symptom onset. N-IgM and S-IgM in some non-ICU patients reached a peak in the second week, while N-IgG and S-IgG continued to increase in the third week. The combined detection of N and S specific IgM and IgG could identify up to 75% of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in the first week. S-IgG was significantly higher in non-ICU patients than in ICU patients in the third week. In contrast, N-IgG was significantly higher in ICU patients than in non-ICU patients. The increase of S-IgG positively correlated with the decrease of C-reactive protein (CRP) in non-ICU patients. N and S specific IgM and IgG increased gradually after symptom onset and can be used for detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Analysis of the dynamics of S-IgG may help to predict prognosis.
SARS-CoV-2 特异性 IgM 和 IgG 反应动力学在 COVID-19 患者中的研究，新兴微生物与感染，2020，9(1)：940-948。由 SARS-CoV-2 感染引起的新兴 COVID-19 对全球公共卫生构成了严重挑战。血清抗体检测正成为诊断 COVID-19 患者的重要方法之一。我们调查了重症监护室（ICU）和非 ICU 患者症状出现后针对 SARS-CoV-2 核衣壳（N）和刺突（S）蛋白的 IgM 和 IgG 反应。收集了 38 名 COVID-19 患者的 130 份血液样本。通过 ELISA 检测了针对 N 和 S 蛋白的特异性 IgM 和 IgG 水平。从同一患者沿疾病过程收集了一系列血液样本，包括 11 名 ICU 患者和 27 名非 ICU 患者，以进行纵向分析。非 ICU 患者的 N 和 S 特异性 IgM 和 IgG（N-IgM、N-IgG、S-IgM、S-IgG）在症状出现后增加。一些非 ICU 患者的 N-IgM 和 S-IgM 在第二周达到峰值，而 N-IgG 和 S-IgG 在第三周继续增加。N 和 S 特异性 IgM 和 IgG 的联合检测可以在第一周识别高达 75%的 SARS-CoV-2 感染者。 S-IgG 在第三周非 ICU 患者中的水平显著高于 ICU 患者。相反，N-IgG 在 ICU 患者中的水平显著高于非 ICU 患者。S-IgG 的增加与非 ICU 患者 C 反应蛋白（CRP）的降低呈正相关。N 和 S 特异性 IgM 和 IgG 在症状出现后逐渐增加，可用于 SARS-CoV-2 感染的检测。分析 S-IgG 的动态变化可能有助于预测预后。

[567] A Solvent Co-Cross-Linked Organogel with Fast Self-Healing Capability and Reversible Adhesiveness at Extreme Temperatures ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2020, 12(26): 29757-29766. Antifreezing gels are promising in diverse engineering applications such as structural soft matters, sensors, and wearable devices. However, the capability of fast self-healing and reversible adhesiveness still remain a huge challenge for gels at extreme temperatures. Here, we proposed a solvent-involved cross-linking system composed of polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, borax, ethylene glycol, and water, capable of antifreezing below -90 degrees C. It was not only antifreezing, anticrystalline, and abundant in dynamic bonds but also highly transparent, stretchable (over 800%), and conductive over the scope of temperature from -60 to 60 degrees C. Moreover, this gel could self-heal within 1 min and repeatedly adhere to multiple substrates including glass, metal, and rubber with an adhesive strength greater than 18 kPa. These key functions of the gel could be mostly preserved after 5 days of storage at 70% relative humidity. It is anticipated that our research opens a new scope for high-performance extreme environment-tolerant adhesives or wearable devices.
[567] 具有快速自修复能力和极端温度下可逆粘附性的溶剂共交联有机凝胶 ACS 应用材料与界面，2020，12(26)：29757-29766。抗冻凝胶在结构软物质、传感器和可穿戴设备等多种工程应用中具有广阔前景。然而，在极端温度下，凝胶的快速自修复和可逆粘附性仍然是一个巨大的挑战。在这里，我们提出了一种由聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯醇、硼砂、乙二醇和水组成的溶剂参与交联系统，能够在-90°C 以下抗冻。它不仅具有抗冻、抗结晶和丰富的动态键，而且具有高度透明性、可拉伸性（超过 800%）以及在-60 至 60°C 的温度范围内导电。此外，这种凝胶能在 1 分钟内自修复，并反复粘附到包括玻璃、金属和橡胶在内的多种基材上，粘附强度大于 18 kPa。这些凝胶的关键功能在 70%相对湿度下储存 5 天后仍能大部分保持。 预计我们的研究将为高性能耐极端环境粘合剂或可穿戴设备开辟新的领域。

[568] Ctenophore-Inspired Hydrogels for Efficient and Repeatable Underwater Specific Adhesion to Biotic Surfaces Materials Horizons, 2020, 7(10): 2651-2661. Adhesive hydrogels hold great promise in multiple biomedical applications. However, there still exist practical challenges in underwater specific adhesion of hydrogels to biotic surfaces. Inspired by ctenophores, we develop an exquisite design of adhesive hydrogel based on polyacrylic acid (PAA), chitosan, tannic acid (TA) and Al3+, where the inhibition of a high amount TA on gelation is eliminated. This kind of hydrogel has high toughness and fast self-healable capability both in air and underwater. With the aid of electrostatic interactions and dynamic catechol chemistry, it is capable of achieving high-efficiency, specific and reversible underwater adhesion to multiple biological tissues like porcine skin, muscle, liver, intestines, and shrimp or crab shells, in diverse aqueous environments. Furthermore, the hydrogel with excellent biocompatibility and antibacterial ability is also suitable for tissue repair. This ctenophore-inspired work opens new avenues for designing and fabricating high-performance hydrogels with efficient specific underwater adhesiveness to diverse biomaterials.
[568] 受栉水母启发的用于高效和可重复水下生物表面特异性粘附的亲水凝胶 材料展望，2020，7(10)：2651-2661。粘附水凝胶在多种生物医学应用中具有巨大潜力。然而，水凝胶在水下对生物表面的特异性粘附仍存在实际挑战。受栉水母的启发，我们设计了一种基于聚丙烯酸（PAA）、壳聚糖、单宁酸（TA）和 Al3+的粘附水凝胶，其中消除了大量 TA 对凝胶化的抑制作用。这种水凝胶在空气和水下都具有高韧性和快速自修复能力。借助静电相互作用和动态儿茶酚化学，它能够实现多种生物组织（如猪皮、肌肉、肝脏、肠道、虾或蟹壳）在多种水环境中的高效、特异性和可逆水下粘附。此外，具有优异生物相容性和抗菌能力的水凝胶也适用于组织修复。 这项水母灵感的作品为设计和制造具有高效特定水下粘附性的高性能水凝胶开辟了新的途径。

[569] Optical Sensing and Imaging of Ph Values: Spectroscopies, Materials, and Applications Chemical Reviews, 2020, 120(22): 12357-12489. This is the first comprehensive review on methods and materials for use in optical sensing of pH values and on applications of such sensors. The Review starts with an introduction that contains subsections on the definition of the pH value, a brief look back on optical methods for sensing of pH, on the effects of ionic strength on pH values and pK(a) values, on the selectivity, sensitivity, precision, dynamic ranges, and temperature dependence of such sensors. Commonly used optical sensing schemes are covered in a next main chapter, with subsections on methods based on absorptiometry, reflectometry, luminescence, refractive index, surface plasmon resonance, photonic crystals, turbidity, mechanical displacement, interferometry, and solvatochromism. This is followed by sections on absorptiometric and luminescent molecular probes for use pH in sensors. Further large sections cover polymeric hosts and supports, and methods for immobilization of indicator dyes. Further and more specific sections summarize the state of the art in materials with dual functionality (indicator and host), nanomaterials, sensors based on upconversion and 2-photon absorption, multiparameter sensors, imaging, and sensors for extreme pH values. A chapter on the many sensing formats has subsections on planar, fiber optic, evanescent wave, refractive index, surface plasmon resonance and holography based sensor designs, and on distributed sensing. Another section summarizes selected applications in areas, such as medicine, biology, oceanography, bioprocess monitoring, corrosion studies, on the use of pH sensors as transducers in biosensors and chemical sensors, and their integration into flow-injection analyzers, microfluidic devices, and lab-on-a-chip systems. An extra section is devoted to current challenges, with subsections on challenges of general nature and those of specific nature. A concluding section gives an outlook on potential future trends and perspectives.
[569] 光学 pH 值传感与成像：光谱学、材料与应用 化学评论，2020，120(22)：12357-12489。这是关于用于光学 pH 值传感的方法和材料以及此类传感器应用的第一篇全面综述。综述从介绍部分开始，包括 pH 值定义、回顾光学 pH 值传感方法、离子强度对 pH 值和 pKa 值的影响、传感器的选择性、灵敏度、精度、动态范围和温度依赖性等子节。下一主要章节涵盖了常用的光学传感方案，包括基于吸收光谱法、反射光谱法、荧光、折射率、表面等离子体共振、光子晶体、混浊度、机械位移、干涉测量和溶剂色散的方法。随后是关于用于 pH 传感的吸收光谱法和荧光分子探针的章节。接下来是关于聚合物主体和支撑材料以及指示染料固定化方法的较大章节。 进一步和更具体的章节总结了具有双重功能（指示剂和宿主）的材料、纳米材料、基于上转换和二光子吸收的传感器、多参数传感器、成像以及极端 pH 值传感器的最新状态。关于多种传感格式的一章包括平面、光纤、渐逝波、折射率、表面等离子体共振和基于全息的传感器设计，以及分布式传感的子章节。另一部分总结了在医学、生物学、海洋学、生物过程监控、腐蚀研究等领域选定的应用，包括 pH 传感器作为生物传感器和化学传感器的传感器，以及它们集成到流动注射分析仪、微流控装置和芯片实验室系统中的应用。额外的一章专注于当前挑战，包括一般性质和特定性质的挑战。结论部分展望了潜在的未来趋势和前景。

[570] Sars‐Cov‐2 Seroconversion in Humans: A Detailed Protocol for a Serological Assay, Antigen Production, and Test Setup Current Protocols in Microbiology, 2020, 57(1): e100-e100. In late 2019, cases of atypical pneumonia were detected in China. The etiological agent was quickly identified as a betacoronavirus (named SARS-CoV-2), which has since caused a pandemic. Several methods allowing for the specific detection of viral nucleic acids have been established, but these only allow detection of the virus during a short period of time, generally during acute infection. Serological assays are urgently needed to conduct serosurveys, to understand the antibody responses mounted in response to the virus, and to identify individuals who are potentially immune to re-infection. Here we describe a detailed protocol for expression of antigens derived from the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 that can serve as a substrate for immunological assays, as well as a two-stage serological enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). These assays can be used for research studies and for testing in clinical laboratories. © 2020 The Authors. Basic Protocol 1: Mammalian cell transfection and protein purification Basic Protocol 2: A two-stage ELISA for high-throughput screening of human serum samples for antibodies binding to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.
[570] 人类 SARS-CoV-2 血清转化：血清学检测、抗原制备和测试设置详细方案，微生物学最新方案，2020，57(1)：e100-e100。2019 年底，中国发现不典型肺炎病例。病原体迅速被确认为一种β冠状病毒（命名为 SARS-CoV-2），此后引发了全球大流行。已经建立了几种允许特异性检测病毒核酸的方法，但这些方法只能检测到病毒在短时间内，通常在急性感染期间。迫切需要血清学检测来进行血清流行病学调查，了解对病毒产生的抗体反应，以及识别可能对再感染具有免疫力的人。在此，我们描述了一种详细方案，用于表达来自 SARS-CoV-2 刺突蛋白的抗原，这些抗原可以作为免疫学检测的底物，以及两阶段血清学酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）。这些检测可用于研究工作和临床实验室的检测。© 2020 作者版权。 基本方案 1：哺乳动物细胞转染和蛋白质纯化 基本方案 2：用于高 throughput 筛选人血清样本中与 SARS-CoV-2 刺突蛋白结合抗体的两阶段 ELISA

[571] A Rechargeable Zn-Air Battery with High Energy Efficiency and Long Life Enabled by a Highly Water-Retentive Gel Electrolyte with Reaction Modifier Advanced Materials, 2020, 32(22): e1908127. Tremendous effort have recently been made in optimizing the air catalysts of flexible zinc-air batteries (ZABs). Unfortunately, the bottleneck factors in electrolytes that largely limit the working life and energy efficiency of ZABs have long been relatively neglected. Herein, an alkaline gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) is fabricated through multiple crosslinking reactions among poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(acrylic acid), and graphene oxide followed by intense uptake of an alkali and the KI reaction modifier. The prepared GPE exhibits essentially improved properties compared to traditional PVA gel electrolyte in terms of mechanical strength, ionic conductivity, and water retention capability. In addition, the introduced reaction modifier I- in the GPE changes the path of the conventional oxygen evolution reaction, leading to a more thermodynamically favorable path. The optimized GPE enables flexible ZABs exhibiting an exceptionally low charge potential of 1.69 V, a long cycling time of 200 h, a high energy efficiency of 73%, and rugged reliability under different extreme working conditions. Moreover, the successful integration of ZABs in a variety of real wearable electronic devices demonstrates their excellent practicability as flexible power sources.
[571] 基于高吸水性凝胶电解质和反应改性先进材料的可充电锌空气电池，具有高能量效率和长寿命，2020，32(22)：e1908127。最近在优化柔性锌空气电池（ZABs）的空气催化剂方面付出了巨大的努力。不幸的是，长期以来，电解质中的瓶颈因素在很大程度上限制了 ZABs 的工作寿命和能量效率，却相对被忽视。在此，通过聚（乙烯醇）（PVA）、聚（丙烯酸）和氧化石墨烯之间的多重交联反应制备了一种碱性凝胶聚合物电解质（GPE），随后进行强烈的碱和 KI 反应改性剂吸收。制备的 GPE 在机械强度、离子电导率和水分保持能力方面与传统 PVA 凝胶电解质相比，性能显著提高。此外，GPE 中引入的反应改性剂 I-改变了传统氧析出反应的路径，导致更热力学有利的路径。 优化后的 GPE 实现了具有极低充电电压 1.69 V、长循环寿命 200 h、高能量效率 73%和在不同极端工作条件下的坚固可靠性。此外，ZABs 在各种实际可穿戴电子设备中的成功集成展示了它们作为柔性电源的优异实用性。

[572] Comparison of Cepheid Xpert Xpress and Abbott Id Now to Roche Cobas for the Rapid Detection of Sars-Cov-2 Journal of Clinical Virology, 2020, 128: 104428-104428. BACKGROUND: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has created an urgent and unprecedented need for rapid large-scale diagnostic testing to inform timely patient management. However, robust data are lacking on the relative performance of available rapid molecular tests across a full range of viral concentrations. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare two recently-authorized rapid tests, Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 and Abbott ID Now SARS-CoV-2, to the Roche cobas SARS-CoV-2 assay for samples with low, medium, and high viral concentrations. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 113 nasopharyngeal swabs from remnant patient samples were tested, including 88 positives spanning the full range of observed Ct values on the cobas assay. RESULTS: Compared to cobas, the overall positive agreement was 73.9% with ID Now and 98.9% with Xpert. Negative agreement was 100% and 92.0% for ID Now and Xpert, respectively. Both ID Now and Xpert showed 100% positive agreement for medium and high viral concentrations (Ct value <30). However, for Ct values >30, positive agreement was 34.3% for ID Now and 97.1% for Xpert. CONCLUSIONS: While Xpert showed high agreement with cobas across a wide range of viral concentrations, this study highlights an important limitation of ID Now for specimens collected in viral or universal transport media with low viral concentrations. Further studies are needed to evaluate the performance of ID Now for direct swabs.
[572] Cepheid Xpert Xpress 与 Abbott Id Now 与罗氏 cobas 在 Sars-Cov-2 快速检测中的比较，《临床病毒学杂志》，2020，128：104428-104428。背景：SARS-CoV-2 大流行引发了对快速大规模诊断测试的迫切需求，以指导及时的患者管理。然而，关于现有快速分子测试在病毒浓度全范围内的相对性能的稳健数据不足。目的：本研究旨在比较两种最近获准的快速测试，即 Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 和 Abbott ID Now SARS-CoV-2，与罗氏 cobas SARS-CoV-2 检测方法，用于低、中、高病毒浓度的样本。研究设计：共测试了 113 份残留患者样本的鼻咽拭子，包括 88 份阳性样本，覆盖了 cobas 检测中观察到的所有 Ct 值范围。结果：与 cobas 相比，ID Now 的整体阳性符合率为 73.9%，Xpert 为 98.9%。阴性符合率分别为 ID Now 的 100%和 Xpert 的 92.0%。ID Now 和 Xpert 在中、高病毒浓度（Ct 值<30）下均表现出 100%的阳性符合率。 然而，对于 Ct 值大于 30 的情况，ID Now 的阳性符合率为 34.3%，Xpert 为 97.1%。结论：虽然 Xpert 在广泛的病毒浓度范围内与 cobas 显示出高度一致性，但这项研究突出了 ID Now 在收集低病毒浓度的病毒或通用运输介质样本时的一个重要局限性。需要进一步研究以评估 ID Now 对直接拭子的性能。

[573] Stimuli-Responsive Pure Protein Organogel Sensors and Biocatalytic Materials ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2020, 12(1): 238-249. Utilizing protein chemistry in organic solvents has important biotechnology applications. Typically, organic solvents negatively impact protein structure and function. Immobilizing proteins via cross-links to a support matrix or to other proteins is a common strategy to preserve the native protein function. Recently, we developed methods to fabricate macroscopic responsive pure protein hydrogels by lightly cross-linking the proteins with glutaraldehyde for chemical sensing and enzymatic catalysis applications. The water in the resulting protein hydrogel can be exchanged for organic solvents. The resulting organogel contains pure organic solvents as their mobile phases. The organogel proteins retain much of their native protein function, i.e., protein-ligand binding and enzymatic activity. A stepwise ethylene glycol (EG) solvent exchange was performed to transform these hydrogels into organogels with a very low vapor pressure mobile phase. These responsive organogels are not limited by solvent/mobile phase evaporation. The solvent exchange to pure EG is accompanied by a volume phase transition (VPT) that decreases the organogel volume compared to that of the hydrogel. Our organogel sensor systems utilize shifts in the particle spacing of an attached two-dimensional photonic crystal (2DPC) to report on the volume changes induced by protein-ligand binding. Our 2DPC bovine serum albumin (BSA) organogels exhibit VPT that swell the organogels in response to the BSA binding of charged ligands like ibuprofen and fatty acids. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a pure protein organogel VPT induced by protein-ligand binding. Catalytic protein organogels were also fabricated that utilize the enzyme organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) to hydrolyze toxic organophosphate (OP) nerve agents. Our OPH organogels retain significant enzymatic activity. The OPH organogel rate of OP hydrolysis is similar to 160 times higher than that of un-cross-linked OPH monomers in a 1:1 ethylene glycol/water mixture.
[573] 响应性纯蛋白质有机凝胶传感器和生物催化材料 ACS 应用材料与界面，2020，12(1): 238-249。利用有机溶剂中的蛋白质化学在生物技术领域有重要应用。通常，有机溶剂会对蛋白质结构和功能产生负面影响。通过交联将蛋白质固定在支持基质或其他蛋白质上是一种常见的策略，以保留原生蛋白质功能。最近，我们开发了通过轻微交联蛋白质与戊二醛来制造宏观响应性纯蛋白质水凝胶的方法，用于化学传感和酶催化应用。所得蛋白质水凝胶中的水可以与有机溶剂交换。所得有机凝胶含有纯有机溶剂作为其流动相。有机凝胶蛋白质保留了大部分原生蛋白质功能，即蛋白质-配体结合和酶活性。通过逐步乙二醇（EG）溶剂交换，将这些水凝胶转化为具有非常低蒸汽压流动相的有机凝胶。这些响应性有机凝胶不受溶剂/流动相蒸发限制。 溶剂交换到纯 EG 伴随着体积相变（VPT），与水凝胶相比，这减少了有机凝胶的体积。我们的有机凝胶传感器系统利用附着在二维光子晶体（2DPC）上的粒子间距的变化来报告由蛋白质-配体结合引起的体积变化。我们的 2DPC 牛血清白蛋白（BSA）有机凝胶表现出 VPT，在 BSA 与带电配体（如布洛芬和脂肪酸）结合时膨胀。据我们所知，这是首次报道由蛋白质-配体结合引起的纯蛋白质有机凝胶 VPT。还制造了催化蛋白质有机凝胶，这些凝胶利用有机磷水解酶（OPH）水解有毒有机磷（OP）神经毒剂。我们的 OPH 有机凝胶保留了显著的酶活性。OPH 有机凝胶中 OP 水解的速率比在 1:1 乙二醇/水混合物中未交联的 OPH 单体高约 160 倍。

[574] Review on the Use of Piezoelectric Materials for Active Vibration, Noise, and Flow Control Smart Materials and Structures, 2020, 29(5): 053001. Considering the number of applications, and the quantity of research conducted over the past few decades, it would not be an overstatement to label the piezoelectric materials as the cream of the crop of the smart materials. Among the various smart materials, the piezoelectric materials have emerged as the most researched material for practical applications. They owe it to a few key factors like low cost, large frequency bandwidth of operation, availability in many forms, and the simplicity offered in handling and implementation. For piezoelectric materials, from an application standpoint, the area of active control of vibration, noise, and flow, stands, alongside energy harvesting, as the most researched field. Over the past three decades, several authors have used piezoelectric materials as sensors and actuators, to (i) actively control structural vibrations, noise and aeroelastic flutter, (ii) actively reduce buffeting, and (iii) regulate the separation of flows. These studies are spread over several engineering disciplines-starting from large space structures, to civil structures, to helicopters and airplanes, to computer hard disk drives. This review is an attempt to concise the progress made in all these fields by exclusively highlighting the application of the piezoelectric material. The research carried out in the past five years, in the areas of modeling, and optimal positioning of piezoelectric actuators/sensors, for active vibration control (AVC), are covered. Along with this, investigations into different control algorithms, for the piezoelectric based AVC, are also reviewed. Studies reporting the use of piezoelectric modal filtering and self sensing actuators, for AVC, are also surveyed. Additionally, research on semi-AVC techniques like the synchronized switched damping (on elements like resistor, inductor, voltage source, negative capacitor) has also been covered.
关于压电材料在主动振动、噪声和流动控制中的应用综述，智能材料和结构，2020，29(5)：053001。考虑到过去几十年来的应用数量和研究成果，将压电材料称为智能材料的佼佼者并不夸张。在各种智能材料中，压电材料已成为实际应用中最受研究的一种材料。这归功于几个关键因素，如低成本、宽频带工作频率、多种形式可用以及处理和实施上的简便性。从应用角度来看，压电材料在振动、噪声和流动的主动控制领域，与能量收集一样，是最受研究的领域。在过去三十年中，多位作者将压电材料用作传感器和执行器，以（i）主动控制结构振动、噪声和气动弹性颤振，（ii）主动减少湍流，以及（iii）调节流动分离。 这些研究涵盖了多个工程学科——从大型空间结构到民用结构，再到直升机和飞机，以及计算机硬盘驱动器。本文综述旨在通过专门强调压电材料的应用，概括这些领域所取得的进展。涵盖了过去五年在建模和压电执行器/传感器最优定位方面的研究，用于主动振动控制（AVC）。此外，还回顾了基于压电的 AVC 的不同控制算法研究。对报告使用压电模态滤波和自感知执行器进行 AVC 的研究也进行了调查。此外，还涵盖了半 AVC 技术，如同步切换阻尼（在电阻器、电感器、电压源、负电容器等元件上）的研究。

[575] Protein-Responsive Protein Release of Supramolecular/Polymer Hydrogel Composite Integrating Enzyme Activation Systems Nature Communications, 2020, 11(1): 3859. Non-enzymatic proteins including antibodies function as biomarkers and are used as biopharmaceuticals in several diseases. Protein-responsive soft materials capable of the controlled release of drugs and proteins have potential for use in next-generation diagnosis and therapies. Here, we describe a supramolecular/agarose hydrogel composite that can release a protein in response to a non-enzymatic protein. A non-enzymatic protein-responsive system is developed by hybridization of an enzyme-sensitive supramolecular hydrogel with a protein-triggered enzyme activation set. In situ imaging shows that the supramolecular/agarose hydrogel composite consists of orthogonal domains of supramolecular fibers and agarose, which play distinct roles in protein entrapment and mechanical stiffness, respectively. Integrating the enzyme activation set with the composite allows for controlled release of the embedded RNase in response to an antibody. Such composite hydrogels would be promising as a matrix embedded in a body, which can autonomously release biopharmaceuticals by sensing biomarker proteins. Responsive hydrogels are of interest for diagnostic and controlled drug release applications. Here, the authors report on the design of a hydrogel with protein triggered release of an embedded protein through recovery of enzyme activity and subsequent degradation of supramolecular fibers.
[575] 蛋白响应型超分子/聚合物水凝胶复合物中的蛋白释放、酶激活系统，自然通讯，2020，11(1)：3859。非酶蛋白，包括抗体，作为生物标志物，在多种疾病中被用作生物制药。能够控制释放药物和蛋白的蛋白响应型软材料，在下一代诊断和治疗中具有潜在应用价值。在此，我们描述了一种在非酶蛋白刺激下释放蛋白的超分子/琼脂糖水凝胶复合物。通过将酶敏感的超分子水凝胶与蛋白触发的酶激活系统杂交，开发了一种非酶蛋白响应系统。原位成像显示，超分子/琼脂糖水凝胶复合物由超分子纤维和琼脂糖的正交区域组成，分别发挥蛋白捕获和机械刚度的作用。将酶激活系统与复合物集成，允许在抗体刺激下控制嵌入的 RNase 的释放。 此类复合水凝胶作为体内嵌入的基质，通过检测生物标志蛋白自主释放生物制药，具有广阔的应用前景。响应性水凝胶对诊断和药物控制释放应用具有兴趣。在此，作者报告了一种水凝胶的设计，该水凝胶通过恢复酶活性和随后超分子纤维的降解，由蛋白质触发嵌入蛋白质的释放。

[576] Bactericidal Effect of Cationic Hydrogels Prepared from Hydrophilic Polymers Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2020, 137(48). This study investigated whether hydrogels comprising hydrophilic cationic polymers have similar bactericidal effects. Bacteria were seeded on hydrogels and agar and their viability was assessed with time. Cationic hydrogels displayed bactericidal effects upon long-term bacterial contact. Furthermore, we assessed the areal density of cationic monomer unit of the cationic hydrogels, water content, and the initial elastic modulus. We examined correlations between each factor and bacterial death ratios; consequently, the bacterial death ratios were strongly correlated with the areal density of cationic hydrogel monomers. Elastic energy (W-el) generated at the cytomembrane ion-binding region and the cationic hydrogel and the cytomembrane interfacial energy (W-f) were estimated; consequently,W(el)exceededW(f)at higher contact areas. The cationic hydrogel may extract cytomembranes with a reasonable adsorption area. Therefore, cationic hydrogels may be used as probes for ultrasonic echo to sterilize medical equipment.
[576] 由亲水性聚合物制备的阳离子水凝胶的杀菌效果《应用聚合物科学杂志》，2020，137(48)。本研究调查了由亲水性阳离子聚合物组成的凝胶是否具有相似的杀菌效果。细菌接种在凝胶和琼脂上，并随时间评估其存活率。阳离子水凝胶在长期细菌接触时表现出杀菌效果。此外，我们还评估了阳离子水凝胶中阳离子单体单元的面积密度、含水量和初始弹性模量。我们检查了每个因素与细菌死亡率之间的相关性；因此，细菌死亡率与阳离子水凝胶单体的面积密度强烈相关。在细胞膜离子结合区域和阳离子水凝胶以及细胞膜界面处产生的弹性能量（W-el）和界面能量（W-f）被估算；因此，在较大接触面积时，W(el)超过了 W(f)。阳离子水凝胶可能以合理的吸附面积提取细胞膜。因此，阳离子水凝胶可以用作超声波回声探针，用于消毒医疗设备。

[577] Functional Structural Color Dye with Excellent Uv Protection Property Dyes and Pigments, 2020, 175: 108142-108146. With the rapid improvement of people's living quality, the requirements for textiles are not only limited to the basic demands of warmth keeping, florid, fashion and UV protection are also badly needed. Brilliant structural color possesses many unique advantages compared with traditional dyes or pigments and has shown great potential in replacing the traditional dyes and pigments. Besides, the structural color is usually self-assembled by latex spheres with unique diameters and refractive index, therefore the building block has its own advantages to be modified and functionalized, which may have the possibility to solve problems of multiply functional dyes mentioned above. This article reported a kind of functional structure color dye with excellent ultraviolet (UV) rays protection property, which was fabricated through the self assembly of poly-(styrene-methyl methacrylate-acrylic acid)-avobenzone core-shell latex sphere, in which a commonly used UV absorber avobenzone was well encapsulated and sealed. The encapsulation of avobenzone into latex sphere ensured the structure color fantastic UV protection property, and meanwhile avoided the direct contact dermatitis of UV absorber to skin and allergens, meanwhile the as prepared structure color dye possessed good color visibility. The functional structure color dye with excellent UV protection property will provide a new perspective for the next generation functional dyes and pigments.
[577] 具有优异紫外防护性能的功能结构色染料与颜料，2020，175：108142-108146。随着人们生活质量的快速提高，对纺织品的要求不仅限于保暖的基本需求，鲜艳、时尚和紫外防护也变得十分必要。与传统的染料或颜料相比，明亮的结构色具有许多独特优势，并在取代传统染料和颜料方面展现出巨大潜力。此外，结构色通常由具有独特直径和折射率的乳胶球自组装而成，因此构建块具有可修改和功能化的自身优势，这可能有可能解决上述多重功能染料的问题。本文报道了一种具有优异紫外（UV）射线防护性能的功能结构色染料，该染料通过聚（苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸）-阿伏苯宗核壳乳胶球的自我组装制备而成，其中常用的紫外吸收剂阿伏苯宗得到了良好的封装和密封。 将阿伏苯宗封装到乳胶微球中确保了结构色的优异紫外线防护性能，同时避免了紫外线吸收剂与皮肤和过敏原的直接接触引起的接触性皮炎，同时制备的结构色染料具有良好的颜色可见性。具有优异紫外线防护性能的功能性结构色染料将为下一代功能性染料和颜料提供新的视角。

[578] Clinical Evaluation of a Rapid Colloidal Gold Immunochromatography Assay for Sars-Cov-2 Igm/Igg American Journal of Translational Research, 2020, 12(4): 1348-1354. Background: Since December 2019, there had been an outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. At present, diagnosis COVID-19 were based on real-time RT-PCR, which have to be performed in biosafe laboratory and is unsatisfactory for suspect case screening. Therefore, there is an urgent need for rapid diagnostic test for COVID-19. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance and clinical utility of the colloidal gold immunochromatography assay for SARS-Cov-2 specific IgM/IgG anti-body detection in suspected COVID-19 cases. Methods: In the prospective cohort, 150 patients with fever or respiratory symptoms were enrolled in Taizhou Public Health Medical Center, Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang province, China, between January 20 to February 2, 2020. All patients were tested by the colloidal gold immunochromatography assay for COVID-19. At least two samples of each patient were collected for RT-PCR assay analysis, and the PCR results were performed as the reference standard of diagnosis. Meanwhile 26 heathy blood donor were recruited. The sensitivity and specificity of the immunochromatography assay test were evaluated. Subgroup analysis were performed with respect to age, sex, period from symptom onset and clinical severity. Results: The immunochromatography assay test had 69 positive result in the 97 PCR-positive cases, achieving sensitivity 71.1% [95% CI 0.609-0.797], and had 2 positive result in the 53 PCR-negative cases, achieving specificity 96.2% [95% CI 0.859-0.993]. In 26 healthy donor blood samples, the immunochromatography assay had 0 positive result. In subgroup analysis, the sensitivity was significantly higher in patients with symptoms more than 14 days 95.2% [95% CI 0.741-0.998] and patients with severe clinical condition 86.0% [95% CI 0.640-0.970]. Conclusions: The colloidal gold immunochromatography assay for SARS-Cov-2 specific IgM/IgG anti-body had 71.1% sensitivity and 96.2% specificity in this population, showingthe potential for a useful rapid diagnosis test for COVID-19. Further investigations should be done to evaluate this assay in variety of clinical settings and populations.
[578] SARS-CoV-2 快速胶体金免疫层析检测的临床评估美国转化医学杂志，2020，12(4): 1348-1354。背景：自 2019 年 12 月以来，中国武汉市发生了 COVID-19 疫情。目前，COVID-19 的诊断基于实时 RT-PCR，必须在生物安全实验室进行，且不适用于疑似病例筛查。因此，迫切需要快速诊断 COVID-19 的检测方法。目的：评估胶体金免疫层析检测 SARS-CoV-2 特异性 IgM/IgG 抗体的诊断性能和临床应用价值。方法：在 2020 年 1 月 20 日至 2 月 2 日期间，浙江省台州市公共卫生医疗中心、台州医院招募了 150 名发热或呼吸道症状的患者作为前瞻性队列。所有患者均接受 COVID-19 胶体金免疫层析检测。每位患者至少收集两个样本进行 RT-PCR 分析，PCR 结果作为诊断的参考标准。 同时招募了 26 名健康献血者。评估了免疫层析试验的灵敏度和特异性。根据年龄、性别、症状出现时间和临床严重程度进行了亚组分析。结果：在 97 例 PCR 阳性病例中，免疫层析试验有 69 个阳性结果，达到灵敏度为 71.1%（95% CI 0.609-0.797），在 53 例 PCR 阴性病例中有 2 个阳性结果，达到特异性为 96.2%（95% CI 0.859-0.993）。在 26 份健康献血者血液样本中，免疫层析试验没有阳性结果。在亚组分析中，症状超过 14 天的患者灵敏度显著提高至 95.2%（95% CI 0.741-0.998），以及临床状况严重的患者为 86.0%（95% CI 0.640-0.970）。结论：针对 SARS-CoV-2 特异性 IgM/IgG 抗体的胶体金免疫层析试验在本人群中显示出 71.1%的灵敏度和 96.2%的特异性，具有作为 COVID-19 快速诊断测试的潜力。应进一步进行多种临床环境和人群的评估研究。

[579] Nanostructured Color Filters: A Review of Recent Developments Nanomaterials, 2020, 10(8). Color plays an important role in human life: without it life would be dull and monochromatic. Printing color with distinct characteristics, like hue, brightness and saturation, and high resolution, are the main characteristic of image sensing devices. A flexible design of color filter is also desired for angle insensitivity and independence of direction of polarization of incident light. Furthermore, it is important that the designed filter be compatible with the image sensing devices in terms of technology and size. Therefore, color filter requires special care in its design, operation and integration. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of nanostructured color filter designs described to date and evaluate them in terms of their performance.
纳米结构彩色滤光片：近期发展综述，纳米材料，2020，10(8)。色彩在人类生活中扮演着重要角色：没有它，生活将变得单调乏味。具有独特特性（如色调、亮度和饱和度）以及高分辨率的彩色打印是图像传感设备的主要特征。同时，也希望彩色滤光片具有灵活的设计，以实现角度不敏感和对入射光偏振方向的独立性。此外，设计的滤光片在技术和尺寸上应与图像传感设备兼容。因此，在彩色滤光片的设计、操作和集成过程中需要特别注意。本文对迄今为止描述的纳米结构彩色滤光片设计进行了全面综述，并对其性能进行了评估。

[580] Microfluidic Encapsulation of Single Cells by Alginate Microgels Using a Trigger-Gellified Strategy Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 2020, 8: 583065. Microfluidics-based alginate microgels have shown great potential to encapsulate cells in a high-throughput and controllable manner. However, cell viability and biological functions are substantially compromised due to the harsh conditions for gelation, which remains a major challenge for cell encapsulation. Herein, we presented an efficient and biocompatible method by on-chip triggered gelation to generate microfluidic alginate microgels for single-cell encapsulation. Two calcium complexes of calcium-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Ca-EDTA) and calcium-nitrilotriacetic (Ca-NTA) as crosslinkers for triggered gelation of alginate were compared and investigated for feasible application. By triggered release of Ca2+ ions from the calcium complex via adding acetic acid in the oil phase, the alginate precursor in the aqueous droplets can be crosslinked to form alginate microgels. Although using Ca-EDTA and Ca-NTA both achieved on-chip gelation, Ca-NTA led to significantly higher cell viability since the dissociation of Ca2+ ions from Ca-NTA can be obtained using less concentration of acid compared to Ca-EDTA. We further demonstrated the functionality of encapsulated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in alginate microgels prepared using Ca-NTA, as evidenced by the osteogenesis of encapsulated MSCs upon inductive culture. In summary, our study provided a biocompatible strategy to prepare alginate microgels for single-cell encapsulation which can be further used for applications in tissue engineering and cell therapies.
[580] 利用触发凝胶化策略通过海藻酸盐微凝胶封装单个细胞：一种基于微流控的方法 前沿生物工程与生物技术，2020，8：583065。基于微流控的海藻酸盐微凝胶在以高通量和可控方式封装细胞方面显示出巨大潜力。然而，由于凝胶化条件苛刻，细胞存活率和生物功能受到严重影响，这仍然是细胞封装的主要挑战。在此，我们提出了一种通过芯片上触发凝胶化生成用于单个细胞封装的微流控海藻酸盐微凝胶的高效且生物相容的方法。比较和研究了两种钙复合物——钙乙二胺四乙酸（Ca-EDTA）和钙硝基三乙酸（Ca-NTA）作为海藻酸盐触发凝胶化的交联剂，以评估其可行性应用。通过在油相中加入乙酸触发钙复合物中 Ca2+离子的释放，水滴中的海藻酸盐前体可以交联形成海藻酸盐微凝胶。 尽管使用 Ca-EDTA 和 Ca-NTA 都实现了芯片凝胶化，但 Ca-NTA 由于与 Ca-EDTA 相比，使用更低的酸浓度即可获得 Ca2+离子的解离，因此导致细胞存活率显著提高。我们进一步证明了使用 Ca-NTA 制备的海藻酸盐微凝胶中封装的间充质干细胞（MSCs）的功能，这通过封装 MSCs 在诱导培养后的成骨作用得到了证实。总之，我们的研究提供了一种生物相容性策略，用于制备用于单细胞封装的海藻酸盐微凝胶，该微凝胶可进一步用于组织工程和细胞治疗的应用。

[581] Smart Conducting Pnipam-Co-Aac Microgels with Controllable Phase Transition and Stimuli Responsibility Materials Letters, 2020, 272. The accurate detection of external stimuli is critical to achieve the functions of responsive photonic crystals. Electrical signals capable of detecting external stimuli lead to more advanced applications. Here we report a smart PNIPAM-co-AAc microgel colloids with conductive property which could detect external stimuli by outputting electrical signals. The conductivity of PNIPAM-co-AAc microgels is derived from doping with PEDOT:PSS. The resulting doped microgels do not exhibit a separate phase because of the hydrophilicity of the dopant and the host. By decreasing the temperature from 52.4 degrees C to 20.1 degrees C, the resistance of the smart microgels would increase from 40 k Omega to 180 k Omega and the color of the microgels change from light blue to dark blue. Moreover, due to the responsibility of PNIPAM-co-AAc to external stimuli such as temperature and pH, the new conductive photonic crystal microgels could transform these stimuli to electric signals which makes it hold great potential applications in smart filler of artificial skins and muscles. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
[581] 具有可控相变和刺激响应性的 PNIPAM-co-AAc 微凝胶，材料字母，2020，272。准确检测外部刺激对于实现响应性光子晶体的功能至关重要。能够检测外部刺激的电气信号导致更高级的应用。在此，我们报道了一种具有导电性能的智能 PNIPAM-co-AAc 微凝胶胶体，可以通过输出电气信号来检测外部刺激。PNIPAM-co-AAc 微凝胶的导电性来源于掺杂 PEDOT:PSS。由于掺杂剂和主体的亲水性，所得掺杂微凝胶不表现出单独的相。通过将温度从 52.4 摄氏度降低到 20.1 摄氏度，智能微凝胶的电阻将从 40 kΩ增加到 180 kΩ，微凝胶的颜色将从浅蓝色变为深蓝色。 此外，由于 PNIPAM-co-AAc 对外部刺激如温度和 pH 值的响应性，这种新型导电光子晶体微凝胶可以将这些刺激转化为电信号，使其在智能填充人工皮肤和肌肉方面具有巨大的应用潜力。（C）2020 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[582] Bioinspired Underwater Locomotion of Light-Driven Liquid Crystal Gels Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020, 117(10): 5125-5133. Soft-bodied aquatic invertebrates, such as sea slugs and snails, are capable of diverse locomotion modes under water. Recapitulation of such multimodal aquatic locomotion in small-scale soft robots is challenging, due to difficulties in precise spatiotemporal control of deformations and inefficient underwater actuation of existing stimuli-responsive materials. Solving this challenge and devising efficient untethered manipulation of soft stimuli-responsive materials in the aquatic environment would significantly broaden their application potential in biomedical devices. We mimic locomotion modes common to sea invertebrates using monolithic liquid crystal gels (LCGs) with inherent light responsiveness and molecular anisotropy. We elicit diverse underwater locomotion modes, such as crawling, walking, jumping, and swimming, by local deformations induced by selective spatiotemporal light illumination. Our results underpin the pivotal role of the physicomechanical properties of LCGs in the realization of diverse modes of light-driven robotic underwater locomotion. We envisage that our results will introduce a toolbox for designing efficient untethered soft robots for fluidic environments.
[582] 生物启发的光驱动液晶凝胶水下运动 国家科学院院刊，美国，2020，117(10)：5125-5133。软体水生无脊椎动物，如海蛞蝓和蜗牛，在水下具有多种运动模式。在小型软体机器人中重现这种多模式水生运动具有挑战性，因为难以精确控制变形的时间和空间，以及现有刺激响应材料在水下的运动效率低下。解决这一挑战并设计在水中高效无缆操作软刺激响应材料将显著扩大其在生物医学设备中的应用潜力。我们使用具有固有光响应性和分子各向异性的单晶液晶凝胶（LCGs）来模拟海无脊椎动物常见的运动模式。通过选择性时空光照诱导的局部变形，我们引发多种水下运动模式，如爬行、行走、跳跃和游泳。 我们的研究结果证实了 LCGs 的物理力学特性在实现多种光驱动水下机器人运动模式中的关键作用。我们预计，我们的研究结果将为设计高效的无缆软体机器人提供一套工具箱，用于流体环境。

[583] Rapid Detection of Covid-19 Causative Virus (Sars-Cov-2) in Human Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens Using Field-Effect Transistor-Based Biosensor ACS Nano, 2020, 14(4): 5135-5142. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly emerging human infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, previously called 2019-nCoV). Based on the rapid increase in the rate of human infection, the World Health Organization (WHO) has classified the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. Because no specific drugs or vaccines for COVID-19 are yet available, early diagnosis and management are crucial for containing the outbreak. Here, we report a field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensing device for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. The sensor was produced by coating graphene sheets of the FET with a specific antibody against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The performance of the sensor was determined using antigen protein, cultured virus, and nasopharyngeal swab specimens from COVID-19 patients. Our FET device could detect the SARSCoV-2 spike protein at concentrations of 1 fg/mL in phosphate-buffered saline and 100 fg/mL clinical transport medium. In addition, the FET sensor successfully detected SARS-CoV-2 in culture medium (limit of detection [LOD]: 1.6 X 10(1) pfu/mL) and clinical samples (LOD: 2.42 X 10(2) copies/mL). Thus, we have successfully fabricated a promising FET biosensor for SARS-CoV-2; our device is a highly sensitive immunological diagnostic method for COVID-19 that requires no sample pretreatment or labeling.
[583] 基于场效应晶体管生物传感器在人类鼻咽拭子标本中快速检测新冠病毒（SARS-CoV-2）的 ACS Nano，2020，14(4)：5135-5142。2019 冠状病毒病（COVID-19）是由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 型（SARS-CoV-2，之前称为 2019-nCoV）引起的一种新出现的传染病。鉴于人类感染率的迅速增加，世界卫生组织（WHO）将 COVID-19 疫情划分为大流行。由于目前尚无针对 COVID-19 的特定药物或疫苗，因此早期诊断和管理对于控制疫情至关重要。在此，我们报道了一种基于场效应晶体管（FET）的生物传感装置，用于检测临床样本中的 SARS-CoV-2。该传感器通过在 FET 的石墨烯片上涂覆针对 SARS-CoV-2 刺突蛋白的特异性抗体来制造。传感器的性能使用抗原蛋白、培养病毒和 COVID-19 患者的鼻咽拭子标本进行了确定。我们的 FET 装置能够在磷酸盐缓冲盐溶液和临床运输介质中检测到浓度为 1 fg/mL 的 SARSCoV-2 刺突蛋白。 此外，FET 传感器成功检测到培养介质（检测限[LOD]：1.6 X 10(1) pfu/mL）和临床样本（LOD：2.42 X 10(2) copies/mL）中的 SARS-CoV-2。因此，我们成功制备了一种具有潜力的 SARS-CoV-2 FET 生物传感器；我们的设备是一种对 COVID-19 高度敏感的免疫诊断方法，无需样本预处理或标记。

[584] Correction to Preparation of Tough Double- and Triple-Network Supermacroporous Hydrogels through Repeated Cryogelation Chemistry of Materials, 2020, 32(24): 10737-10737.
[584] 对《通过反复冷冻凝胶化化学制备耐用的双网络和三网络超宏孔水凝胶》一文的更正，2020，32(24)：10737-10737。

[585] Preparation of Tough Double- and Triple-Network Supermacroporous Hydrogels through Repeated Cryogelation Chemistry of Materials, 2020, 32(19): 8576-8586.
[585] 通过反复冷冻凝胶化化学制备耐用的双网络和三网络超宏孔水凝胶，2020，32(19)：8576-8586。

[586] Measurement of Gas Pressure inside Large-Format Prismatic Lithium-Ion Cells During Operation and Cycle Aging Journal of Power Sources, 2020, 478: 228661. In this study we investigate the influence of the state of charge (SOC), temperature and aging on the gas pressure inside prismatic lithium-ion cells with a LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathode and a graphite anode. The internal gas pressure inside lithium-ion cells has so far been only investigated for small cells using large-size laboratory measurement equipment. We show for the first time that measuring the internal gas pressure is also possible for large-format prismatic cells and by using miniaturized pressure sensors that can be integrated into a battery pack. We also show that this measurement method enables the monitoring of the gas pressure during long-term cycling without leading to premature battery failure or accelerated aging. The gas pressure depends on the SOC in a nonlinear way. This is caused by the dependence of the electrode volumes on the degree of lithiation. The gas pressure also correlates non-linearly with temperature, and the magnitude of temperature dependence increases with aging. During long-term cycling, the pressure irreversibly increases, which is most likely due mainly to gas formation. The increase in pressure correlates with a loss of capacity, which basically qualifies internal gas pressure for an indicator for state of health.
[586] 大型棱柱形锂离子电池运行和循环老化过程中内部气体压力的测量《电源杂志》，2020，478：228661。在本研究中，我们研究了充电状态（SOC）、温度和老化对具有 LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 正极和石墨负极的棱柱形锂离子电池内部气体压力的影响。迄今为止，锂离子电池内部气体压力的研究仅限于使用大型实验室测量设备对小型电池进行测量。我们首次表明，对于大型格式棱柱形电池，通过使用可集成到电池组中的微型压力传感器，也可以测量内部气体压力。我们还表明，这种测量方法能够在不导致电池过早失效或加速老化的情况下，监测长期循环过程中的气体压力。气体压力以非线性方式依赖于 SOC。这是由于电极体积依赖于锂化程度。气体压力也与温度非线性相关，且随着老化，温度依赖性的幅度增加。 在长期骑行过程中，压力不可逆地增加，这很可能是由于气体形成所致。压力的增加与容量损失相关，这基本上使内部气体压力成为健康状况的指标。

[587] Gradient Photonic Materials Based on One-Dimensional Polymer Photonic Crystals Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 2020, 41(8): 2000069-2000073. In nature, animals such as chameleons are well-known for the complex color patterns of their skin and the ability to adapt and change the color by manipulating sophisticated photonic crystal systems. Artificial gradient photonic materials are inspired by these color patterns. A concept for the preparation of such materials and their function as tunable mechanochromic materials is presented in this work. The system consists of a 1D polymer photonic crystal on a centimeter scale on top of an elastic poly(dimethylsiloxane) substrate with a gradient in stiffness. In the unstrained state, this system reveals a uniform red reflectance over the entire sample. Upon deformation, a gradient in local strain of the substrate is formed and transferred to the photonic crystal. Depending on the magnitude of this local strain, the thickness of the photonic crystal decreases continuously, resulting in a position-dependent blue shift of the reflectance peak and hence the color in a rainbow-like fashion. Using more sophisticated hard-soft-hard-soft-hard gradient elastomers enables the realization of stripe-like reflectance patterns. Thus, this approach allows for the tunable formation of reflectance gradients and complex reflectance patterns. Envisioned applications are in the field of mechanochromic sensors, telemedicine, smart materials, and metamaterials.
[587] 基于一维聚合物光子晶体的梯度光子材料 大分子快速通讯，2020，41(8)：2000069-2000073。在自然界中，变色龙等动物以其皮肤复杂的颜色图案和通过操纵复杂的光子晶体系统来适应和改变颜色的能力而闻名。人工梯度光子材料受到这些颜色图案的启发。本文提出了一种制备此类材料及其作为可调机械色变材料功能的方案。该系统由一个厘米级的一维聚合物光子晶体组成，位于具有梯度刚度的弹性聚二甲基硅氧烷基板上。在未拉伸状态下，该系统在整个样品上显示出均匀的红色反射。在变形后，基板局部应变的梯度形成并传递到光子晶体。根据这种局部应变的幅度，光子晶体的厚度连续减小，导致反射峰的位置依赖性蓝移，从而在彩虹般的方式中改变颜色。 使用更复杂的硬-软-硬-软-硬梯度弹性体可以实现条纹状反射模式。因此，这种方法允许可调地形成反射梯度和复杂的反射模式。设想的应用领域包括机械色变传感器、远程医疗、智能材料和超材料。

[588] Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Monitoring of Physical Parameters: A Comprehensive Review Optical Engineering, 2020, 59(6): 060901-060901. Fiber Bragg grating has embraced the area of fiber optics since the early days of its discovery, and most fiber optic sensor systems today make use of fiber Bragg grating technology. Researchers have gained enormous attention in the field of fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based sensing due to its inherent advantages, such as small size, fast response, distributed sensing, and immunity to the electromagnetic field. Fiber Bragg grating technology is popularly used in measurements of various physical parameters, such as pressure, temperature, and strain for civil engineering, industrial engineering, military, maritime, and aerospace applications. Nowadays, strong emphasis is given to structure health monitoring of various engineering and civil structures, which can be easily achieved with FBG-based sensors. Depending on the type of grating, FBG can be uniform, long, chirped, tilted or phase shifted having periodic perturbation of refractive index inside core of the optical fiber. Basic fundamentals of FBG and recent progress of fiber Bragg grating-based sensors used in various applications for temperature, pressure, liquid level, strain, and refractive index sensing have been reviewed. A major problem of temperature cross sensitivity that occurs in FBG-based sensing requires temperature compensation technique that has also been discussed in this paper. (C) 2020 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)
光纤布拉格光栅传感器在物理参数监测中的应用：全面综述 光学工程，2020，59(6)：060901-060901。光纤布拉格光栅自其发现之初就涉足光纤光学领域，如今大多数光纤传感器系统都采用了光纤布拉格光栅技术。由于光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）传感技术本身具有体积小、响应快、分布式传感和电磁场免疫等固有优势，研究人员在该领域受到了极大的关注。光纤布拉格光栅技术在测量各种物理参数方面得到了广泛应用，如压力、温度和应变，适用于土木工程、工业工程、军事、海事和航空航天应用。如今，对各种工程和土木结构结构健康监测的重视程度日益提高，而基于 FBG 的传感器可以轻松实现这一目标。根据光栅类型的不同，FBG 可以是均匀的、长的、啁啾的、倾斜的或相位移位的，其光纤芯内部具有周期性折射率扰动。 光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）的基本原理以及用于各种应用的温度、压力、液位、应变和折射率传感的基于光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）传感器的最新进展已进行综述。FBG 传感器中出现的温度交叉敏感性问题是主要问题之一，本文还讨论了相应的温度补偿技术。（C）2020 光学仪器工程师学会（SPIE）

[589] Removal of Pb(Ii) Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Spherical Nanocomposites Synthesized through Immobilization of in Silica Nanoparticles Coated with Ca-Alginate Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2020, 20(3): 1907-1916. In the present study, a novel microbial nanocomposite "Paecilomyces lilacinus-silica nanoparticles-calcium-alginate beads" (P. lilacinus-SN-Cal-Alg) were synthesized and their high efficiency for removing Pb(II) ions was demonstrated in aqueous solution. P. lilacinus-SN-Cal-Alg beads before and after the adsorption of Pb(II) were characterized by FT-IR, SEM-EDS, and XPS analyses. The adsorption capacity of Pb(II) by P. lilacinus-SN-Cal-Alg beads was analyzed in aqueous solution. For comparison, the adsorption capacity of Pb(II) by another type of microbial composites, namely, P. lilacinus-Cal-Alg beads, without addition of silica nanoparticles, was also studied in parallel. Lastly, the equilibrium data in adsorption process were examined by both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models to evaluate adsorption mechanism. The results showed that an excellent removal efficiency of Pb(II) in aqueous solution (85.54%) was obtained at initial concentration of 200 mg/L by using the P. lilacinus-SN-Cal-Alg beads. Meanwhile, they exhibited the better adsorption capacity for Pb(II) than P. lilacinus-Cal-Alg beads. The adsorption process by P. lilacinus-SN-Cal-Alg beads was best described by the Langmuir model indicating that monolayer adsorption of Pb(II) ions takes place on the beads surfaces and showed that its maximum adsorption capacity was 282.49 mg/g.
[589] 通过在二氧化硅纳米颗粒上固定海藻酸钙合成球状纳米复合材料去除水溶液中的 Pb(II)离子，《纳米科学与纳米技术》杂志，2020，20(3)：1907-1916。在本研究中，合成了新型微生物纳米复合材料“紫孢霉-二氧化硅纳米颗粒-海藻酸钙珠”（P. lilacinus-SN-Cal-Alg）并证明了其在水溶液中去除 Pb(II)离子的高效性。通过 FT-IR、SEM-EDS 和 XPS 分析对 P. lilacinus-SN-Cal-Alg 珠在吸附 Pb(II)前后的特性进行了表征。分析了 P. lilacinus-SN-Cal-Alg 珠在水溶液中对 Pb(II)的吸附容量。为了比较，还研究了另一种类型的不添加二氧化硅纳米颗粒的微生物复合材料 P. lilacinus-Cal-Alg 珠的 Pb(II)吸附容量。最后，通过 Langmuir 和 Freundlich 等温线模型对吸附过程中的平衡数据进行考察，以评估吸附机理。 实验结果表明，使用紫花苜蓿-SN-Cal-Alg 珠子在初始浓度为 200 mg/L 的含铅(II)水溶液中获得了优异的去除效率（85.54%）。同时，它们对铅(II)的吸附能力优于紫花苜蓿-Cal-Alg 珠子。紫花苜蓿-SN-Cal-Alg 珠子的吸附过程最好用 Langmuir 模型描述，表明 Pb(II)离子在珠子表面发生单分子层吸附，并显示出其最大吸附容量为 282.49 mg/g。

[590] Early Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibodies as a Serologic Marker of Infection in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2020, 71(16): 2066-2072. BACKGROUND: Thousands of medical staff had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus with hundreds of deaths reported. Such loss could be prevented if there is a serologic assay for SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies for serological surveillance of its infection at the early stage of disease. METHODS: Using CHO cell expressed full length SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein as capturing antigen, a COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 S1 serology ELISA kit was developed and validated with negative samples collected prior to the outbreaks or during the outbreak, and positive samples from patients confirmed with COVID-19. RESULTS: The specificity of the ELISA kit was 97.5%, as examined against total 412 normal human samples. The sensitivity was 97.1% by testing against 69 samples from hospitalized and/or recovered COVID-19 patients. The overall accuracy rate reached 97.3%. The assay was able to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibody on day one after the onset of COVID-19 disease. The average antibody levels increased during the hospitalization and after been discharged for two weeks. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 28 out of 276 asymptomatic medical staff and one out of five nucleic acid test-negative "Close contacts" of COVID-19 patient. CONCLUSION: With the assays developed here, we can screen medical staff, in-coming patients, passengers and people who are in close contact with the confirmed patients to identify the "innocent viral spreaders", protect the medical staff and stop the further spreading of the virus.
[590] 早期检测严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 型抗体作为 2019 冠状病毒病患者的感染血清学标志物 临床传染病，2020，71(16)：2066-2072 背景：数千名医护人员感染了 SARS-CoV-2 病毒，数百人死亡。如果存在针对 SARS-CoV-2 特异性抗体的血清学检测方法，用于疾病早期对其感染进行血清学监测，此类损失本可避免。方法：以 CHO 细胞表达的 SARS-CoV-2 全长 S1 蛋白为捕获抗原，开发并验证了一种 COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 S1 血清学 ELISA 试剂盒，使用在疫情爆发前或爆发期间收集的阴性样本以及确诊 COVID-19 患者的阳性样本进行验证。结果：ELISA 试剂盒的特异性为 97.5%，经检测总共有 412 份正常人类样本。敏感性为 97.1%，通过测试 69 份住院和/或康复的 COVID-19 患者的样本。总体准确率达到 97.3%。该检测能够在 COVID-19 疾病发病后第一天检测到 SARS-CoV-2 抗体。 住院期间及出院后两周，平均抗体水平升高。在 276 名无症状医务人员中检测到 28 人存在 SARS-CoV-2 抗体，在 5 名 COVID-19 患者的核酸阴性“密切接触者”中检测到 1 人。结论：通过这里开发的检测方法，我们可以筛查医务人员、新入院患者、乘客以及与确诊患者密切接触的人，以识别“无辜的病毒传播者”，保护医务人员并阻止病毒的进一步传播。

[591] A Biomimetic Photonic Crystal Sensor for Label-Free Detection of Urinary Venous Thromboembolism Biomarker Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical, 2020, 312. This work reports a novel label-free sensor combining photonic crystals and molecularly-imprinted polymer materials for targeting a protein in human samples within levels of clinical interest. This concept was applied to detect fibrinopeptide B (FPB) in urine, a biomarker of venous thromboembolism, which is a disease of great concern and demands innovative point-of-care devices for improved diagnosis. The molecularly-imprinted photonic polymer (MIPP) was obtained by tailoring an imprinted polymer on highly ordered silica nanoparticles assembled by vertical deposition. Owing to the hierarchical structure, the resulting MIPP exhibited optical properties that changed upon rebinding of the target analyte, FPB. Thus, the changes in reflectance intensity enabled a rapid and sensitive detection of FPB in human urine. The observed response was linear between 0.2 ng mL(-1) and 22 ng mL(-1) and showed a limit of detection of 0.13 ng mL(-1). These features of the sensing material allow the assessment of urinary FPB at relevant clinical levels. In addition, the sensor was selective for FPB compared to the standard biomarker of venous thromboembolism, D-Dimer. The stability of the material was evidenced by the reusability study, which demonstrated reversibility of the maximum intensity after three cycles of recognition and regeneration. Moreover, the sensor showed good performance for the spiked FPB detection in control human urine. Overall, the application of such label-free sensor offers high selectivity and stability, as well as easy operation. It may constitute an alternative method for non-invasive and real-time detection of various protein biomarkers in point-of-care.
[591] 一种用于无标记检测尿液中静脉血栓栓塞生物标志物的仿生光子晶体传感器，传感器与执行器 B-化学，2020，312。这项工作报道了一种新型无标记传感器，该传感器结合了光子晶体和分子印迹聚合物材料，以针对人体样本中临床感兴趣的蛋白质。这一概念被应用于检测尿液中的纤维蛋白肽 B（FPB），这是一种静脉血栓栓塞的生物标志物，是一种备受关注且需要创新性即时诊断设备的疾病。通过垂直沉积组装的高度有序二氧化硅纳米颗粒上的分子印迹聚合物（MIPP）得到了分子印迹光子聚合物。由于具有分级结构，所得的 MIPP 在目标分析物 FPB 重新结合时表现出光学性质的变化。因此，反射强度的变化使得能够快速且灵敏地检测人尿中的 FPB。观察到的响应在 0.2 ng mL(-1)至 22 ng mL(-1)之间呈线性，检测限为 0.13 ng mL(-1)。 这些传感材料的特性允许在相关临床水平上评估尿液中 FPB。此外，与静脉血栓栓塞的标准生物标志物 D-二聚体相比，该传感器对 FPB 具有选择性。通过可重复使用性研究证实了材料的稳定性，该研究证明了在识别和再生三个周期后最大强度的可逆性。此外，该传感器在控制人尿中表现出良好的 FPB 检测性能。总的来说，此类无标记传感器的应用提供了高选择性、稳定性和易于操作，可能成为床旁非侵入性和实时检测各种蛋白质生物标志物的替代方法。

[592] Supersensitive Multifluorophore Rna-Fish for Early Virus Detection and Flow-Fish by Using Click Chemistry Chembiochem, 2020, 21(15): 2214-2218. The reliable detection of transcription events through the quantification of the corresponding mRNA is of paramount importance for the diagnostics of infections and diseases. The quantification and localization analysis of the transcripts of a particular gene allows disease states to be characterized more directly compared to an analysis on the transcriptome wide level. This is particularly needed for the early detection of virus infections as now required for emergent viral diseases, e. g. Covid-19. In situ mRNA analysis, however, is a formidable challenge and currently performed with sets of single-fluorophore-containing oligonucleotide probes that hybridize to the mRNA in question. Often a large number of probe strands (>30) are required to get a reliable signal. The more oligonucleotide probes are used, however, the higher the potential off-target binding effects that create background noise. Here, we used click chemistry and alkyne-modified DNA oligonucleotides to prepare multiple-fluorophore-containing probes. We found that these multiple-dye probes allow reliable detection and direct visualization of mRNA with only a very small number (5-10) of probe strands. The new method enabled the in situ detection of viral transcripts as early as 4 hours after infection.
[592] 超灵敏多荧光素 RNA-Fish 用于早期病毒检测和流式-Fish，点击化学 Chembiochem，2020，21(15)：2214-2218。通过对应 mRNA 的定量来可靠地检测转录事件，对于感染和疾病的诊断至关重要。与转录组水平上的分析相比，对特定基因的转录本进行定量和定位分析可以更直接地描述疾病状态。这对于现在所需的突发病毒疾病的早期检测，例如 Covid-19，尤其重要。然而，原位 mRNA 分析是一个巨大的挑战，目前使用的是与目标 mRNA 杂交的单荧光素寡核苷酸探针集。通常需要大量探针链（>30）才能获得可靠的信号。然而，使用的寡核苷酸探针越多，潜在的脱靶结合效应就越高，从而产生背景噪声。在这里，我们利用点击化学和烷基修饰的 DNA 寡核苷酸来制备含有多个荧光素的探针。 我们发现这些多染料探针只需极少数（5-10）探针链即可可靠地检测和直接可视化 mRNA。新方法使病毒转录本在感染后 4 小时内即可进行原位检测。

[593] Stretchable Biaxial and Shear Strain Sensors Using Diffractive Structural Colors ACS Nano, 2020, 14(5): 5392-5399. Structural colors that can be changed dynamically, using either plasmonic nanostructures or photonic crystals, are rapidly emerging research areas for stretchable sensors. Despite the wide applications of various techniques to achieve strain-responsive structural colors, important factors in the feasibility of strain sensors-such as their sensing mechanism, stability, and reproducibility-have not yet been explored. Here, we introduce a stretchable, diffractive, color-based wireless strain sensor that can measure strain using the entire visible spectrum, based on an array of cone-shaped nanostructures on the surface of an elastomeric substrate. By stretching or compressing the substrate, the diffractive color can be tuned according to the changing grating pitch. Using the proposed method, we designed three types of strain-sensing modes: large-deformation (maximum 100%) tensile strain, biaxial 2D strain, and shear strain (maximum 78%). The strain sensors were fabricated, and applicability to strain-sensing was evaluated.
[593] 可拉伸双轴和剪切应变传感器利用衍射结构色 ACS Nano，2020，14（5）：5392-5399。利用等离子体纳米结构或光子晶体动态改变的结构色是可拉伸传感器快速发展的研究领域。尽管各种技术被广泛应用于实现应变响应的结构色，但应变传感器可行性的重要因素，如传感机制、稳定性和可重复性，尚未得到探索。在此，我们介绍了一种基于弹性基底表面锥形纳米阵列的、可拉伸、衍射、基于颜色的无线应变传感器，该传感器可以使用整个可见光谱来测量应变。通过拉伸或压缩基底，衍射颜色可以根据变化的栅格间距进行调整。使用提出的方法，我们设计了三种应变传感模式：大变形（最大 100%）拉伸应变、双轴二维应变和剪切应变（最大 78%）。制造了应变传感器，并评估了其在应变传感方面的适用性。

[594] Competition-Based Universal Photonic Crystal Biosensors by Using Antibody-Antigen Interaction Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2020, 142(1): 417-423. Sensors capable of detecting different types of biomolecules have widespread applications in the field of biomedical research, but despite many years of research, the development of biosensors suitable for point-of-care (POC) applications in resource-limited areas is still extremely challenging. Sensors based on photonic crystal hydrogels (PCHs) hold much promise in this regard because of their numerous advantages over other existing bioanalytical methods. All current PCH biosensors are however restricted in the types of analytes they can detect sensitively with good selectivity. By taking advantage of the powerful and ubiquitous antibody-antigen interaction, we report herein the first-ever competition-based PCH biosensors capable of naked-eye detection of various biomolecules (e.g., proteins, peptides, and small molecules) with high sensitivity and selectivity and minimal background and excellent reversibility. We showed such PCH designs could be extended to the fabrication of different enzyme-detecting biosensors. The universal feature of these novel biosensors thus enables future development of POC biosensors in disease diagnostics for other bioanalytes.
基于竞争的通用光子晶体生物传感器：利用抗体-抗原相互作用，《美国化学学会志》，2020，142(1)：417-423。能够检测不同类型生物分子的传感器在生物医学研究领域具有广泛的应用，但尽管经过多年的研究，适合在资源有限地区进行即时检测（POC）应用的生物传感器的开发仍然极具挑战性。基于光子晶体水凝胶（PCHs）的传感器在这方面具有很大潜力，因为它们相对于其他现有的生物分析方法具有许多优势。然而，所有当前的 PCH 生物传感器在能够灵敏且具有良好选择性地检测的检测物类型上都有所限制。通过利用强大且普遍存在的抗体-抗原相互作用，我们在此报告了首个能够用肉眼检测各种生物分子（如蛋白质、肽和小分子）的基于竞争的光子晶体生物传感器，具有高灵敏度、高选择性、最小背景和优异的可逆性。我们展示了这种 PCH 设计可以扩展到不同酶检测生物传感器的制造。 这些新型生物传感器的通用特性因此使得 POC 生物传感器在疾病诊断中用于其他生物分析物的发展成为可能。

[595] Recent Advances in Self-Assemblies and Sensing Applications of Colloidal Photonic Crystals Analytica Chimica Acta, 2020, 1123: 91-112. Colloidal photonic crystals (PCs), consisting of highly ordered monodisperse nanoparticles, have been carried out a great deal of research in recent decades due to the attributes of readable signal, easy modification and low cost. With these unique features, colloidal PCs have also gradually become a focus of candidates applied in sensing fields. In this review, an overview of recent advances in colloidal PCs including self-assemblies and sensing applications is illustrated. With respect to the development in self-assemblies of colloidal PCs, the review concentrates on the summary of responsive mechanisms, detection methods, responsive materials, unit cells and fabrication methods. In terms of advances in sensing application of colloidal PCs, various types of sensors are summarized based on the kinds and applications of target analytes. Furthermore, the current limitations and potential future directions of colloidal PCs in self-assemblies and sensing areas are also discussed. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
[595] 胶体光子晶体在自组装和传感应用中的最新进展 分析化学学报，2020，1123：91-112. 由高度有序的单分散纳米颗粒组成的胶体光子晶体（PCs）由于具有可读信号、易于修改和低成本等特性，在最近几十年里进行了大量研究。凭借这些独特特性，胶体 PCs 也逐渐成为传感领域应用候选者的焦点。在本综述中，概述了胶体 PCs 在自组装和传感应用方面的最新进展。关于胶体 PCs 自组装的发展，综述集中在响应机制、检测方法、响应材料、单元细胞和制造方法的总结。至于胶体 PCs 在传感应用方面的进展，根据目标分析物的种类和应用，总结了各种类型的传感器。此外，还讨论了胶体 PCs 在自组装和传感领域的当前局限性和潜在的未来发展方向。（C）2020 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[596] Green and Facile Synthesis of Carboxymethylcellulose/Zno Nanocomposite Hydrogels Crosslinked with Zn2+ Ions International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2020, 162: 229-235. A green method was used for the preparation of functional carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) hydrogel crosslinked by divalent zinc ions and incorporated with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) without using alkaline reagents. In the process, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose was used not only as a hydrogel matrix but also for the release of free hydroxyl groups, which increases the pH of the reaction mixture, consequently leading to the formation of ZnO. The chemical structure and morphology of the hydrogels were characterized using FTIR and FE-SEM analysis, respectively. The water absorption capacity of the hydrogels was studied as a function of temperature and pH. The results of FE-SEM showed the formation of ZnO particles in the hydrogel, while the water absorption capacity results supported the formation of zinc ion cross-linking within the carboxymethylcellulose chains. The CMC/ZnO nanocomposite hydrogel exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria E. coli and L. monocytogenes.
绿色合成羧甲基纤维素/氧化锌纳米复合水凝胶及其与 Zn2+离子交联的研究，国际生物大分子杂志，2020，162：229-235。采用绿色方法制备了具有功能性的羧甲基纤维素（CMC）水凝胶，该水凝胶通过二价锌离子交联，并掺入了氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO），且未使用碱性试剂。在此过程中，使用羧甲基纤维素钠不仅作为水凝胶基质，还用于释放游离羟基，从而提高反应混合物的 pH 值，进而导致 ZnO 的形成。分别使用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）分析了水凝胶的化学结构和形态。研究了水凝胶的吸水能力随温度和 pH 值的变化。FE-SEM 的结果显示水凝胶中形成了 ZnO 颗粒，而吸水能力的结果支持了羧甲基纤维素链内锌离子交联的形成。CMC/ZnO 纳米复合水凝胶对致病菌大肠杆菌和单核细胞增生李斯特菌表现出强烈的抗菌活性。

[597] Evaluation of a Quantitative Rt-Pcr Assay for the Detection of the Emerging Coronavirus Sars-Cov-2 Using a High Throughput System Eurosurveillance, 2020, 25(9): 18-22. Facing the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), high-volume respiratory testing is demanded in laboratories worldwide. We evaluated the performance of a molecular assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 on a high-throughput platform, the cobas 6800, using the 'open channel' for integration of a laboratory-developed assay. We observed good analytical performance in clinical specimens. The fully automated workflow enables high-throughput testing with minimal hands-on time, while offering fast and reliable results.
[597] 使用高通量系统评估定量实时荧光 PCR 检测新出现的冠状病毒 SARS-CoV-2 的性能《欧洲疾病预防控制中心监测》，2020，25(9)：18-22。面对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）的出现，全球实验室需要大量呼吸道检测。我们评估了在 cobas 6800 高通量平台上，使用“开放通道”整合实验室开发检测方法对 SARS-CoV-2 进行检测的分子检测性能。我们在临床样本中观察到良好的分析性能。全自动工作流程可实现高通量检测，操作时间最少，同时提供快速可靠的结果。

[598] Topological Mechanics of Knots and Tangles Science, 2020, 367(6473): 71-+. Knots play a fundamental role in the dynamics of biological and physical systems, from DNA to turbulent plasmas, as well as in climbing, weaving, sailing, and surgery. Despite having been studied for centuries, the subtle interplay between topology and mechanics in elastic knots remains poorly understood. Here, we combined optomechanical experiments with theory and simulations to analyze knotted fibers that change their color under mechanical deformations. Exploiting an analogy with long-range ferromagnetic spin systems, we identified simple topological counting rules to predict the relative mechanical stability of knots and tangles, in agreement with simulations and experiments for commonly used climbing and sailing bends. Our results highlight the importance of twist and writhe in unknotting processes, providing guidance for the control of systems with complex entanglements.
[598] 节点和纠缠的拓扑力学 科学，2020，367(6473)：71-+. 节点在生物和物理系统的动力学中起着基本作用，从 DNA 到湍流等离子体，以及攀爬、编织、航海和外科手术。尽管已经研究了数百年，但弹性节点中拓扑和力学之间的微妙相互作用仍然理解不足。在这里，我们结合了光力学实验、理论与模拟来分析在机械变形下改变颜色的纠缠纤维。利用与长程铁磁自旋系统的类比，我们确定了简单的拓扑计数规则来预测节点和纠缠的相对机械稳定性，与常用攀爬和航海弯曲的模拟和实验结果一致。我们的结果突出了扭曲和缠绕在解缠过程中的重要性，为控制复杂纠缠的系统提供了指导。

[599] Colloidal Assembly in Droplets: Structures and Optical Properties Nanoscale, 2020, 12(36): 18576-18594. Colloidal assembly in emulsion drops provides fundamental tools for studying optimum particle arrangement under spherical confinement and practical means for producing photonic microparticles. Recent progress has revealed that energetically favored cluster configurations are different from conventional supraballs, which could enhance optical performance. This paper reviews state-of-the-art emulsion-templated colloidal clusters, and particularly focuses on recently reported novel structures such as icosahedral, decahedral, and single-crystalline face-centered cubic (fcc) clusters. We classify the clusters according to the number of component particles as small (N<O(10(2))), medium (O(10(2)) <= N <= O(10(4))), and large (N >= O(10(5))). For each size of clusters, we discuss the detailed structures, mechanisms of cluster formation, and optical properties and potential applications. Finally, we outline current challenges and questions that require further investigation.
胶滴中的胶体组装：结构和光学性质 纳米尺度，2020，12(36)：18576-18594。胶体在乳滴中的组装为研究球形约束下的最佳粒子排列提供了基本工具，并为生产光子微粒子提供了实际手段。最近的研究进展表明，能量上有利的簇配置与传统的超球体不同，这可能会提高光学性能。本文综述了最先进的乳液模板胶体簇，并特别关注最近报道的新型结构，如二十面体、十面体和单晶面心立方（fcc）簇。我们根据组成粒子的数量将簇分为小（N<10^2）、中（10^2≤N≤10^4）和大（N≥10^5）三种。对于每种大小的簇，我们讨论了详细的结构、簇形成机制、光学性质和潜在应用。最后，我们概述了当前需要进一步研究的挑战和问题。

[600] Expansion of Ion Effects on Water Induced by a High Hydrophilic Surface of a Polymer Network Langmuir, 2020, 36(1): 159-168. The spatial extent and anion-cation cooperativity of the ion effect on the structure and dynamics of water have long been debated but are still controversial. Previously, we experimentally demonstrated the extensive and cooperative effect of ions on water in a polyamide network by measuring the reflection wavelength (lambda) on the ion sensor of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) hydrogel-immobilized photonic crystals. In the present study, we investigated the influence of the polymer surface on the ion effect by adopting a highly hydrophilic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-acryloylaza-18-crown-6) hydrogel as a sensor matrix. In alkaline earth metal salt solutions, the copolymer hydrogel membrane sensor showed the redshift of lambda for the specific combination of cations and anions, that is, Ca2+/Cl- and Sr2+/NO3-, which resulted from the concerted binding of ion pairs to the copolymer receptor. In alkali metal salt solutions, the ion sensor showed the blueshift of lambda originating from the osmotic dehydration suppressed by the salts. The strength of the ion effect was evaluated by the average osmotic pressure (Pi(A)) required for the salt-inhibited dehydration in the early stage of hydrogel contraction. From the calculation results of Pi(A) for the copolymer and PNIPAAm hydrogels, it was found that the high hydrophilic copolymer surface more significantly enhanced the ion effect of structure-making cations (i.e., Li+) compared with borderline (Na+) and structure-breaking (K+ and Cs+) cations. Furthermore, the ion effect exhibited the higher ion cooperativity in combination with chloride anions than with nitrate anions. The enhancement of the long-range cooperative ion effect is derived from the expansion of the interactions between ions, water molecules, and the hydrophilic polymer network.
聚合物网络高亲水表面诱导的水离子效应的扩展：Langmuir，2020，36(1)：159-168。关于离子效应对水结构和动力学的影响的空间范围和阴离子-阳离子协同作用长期以来一直存在争议。此前，我们通过测量聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)（PNIPAAm）水凝胶固定光子晶体上的反射波长（λ），在聚酰胺网络中实验证明了离子对水广泛且协同效应。在本研究中，我们采用高度亲水的聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-共-N-丙烯酰氧基-18-冠-6)水凝胶作为传感器矩阵，研究了聚合物表面对离子效应的影响。在碱土金属盐溶液中，共聚物水凝胶膜传感器表现出特定阳离子和阴离子组合（即 Ca2+/Cl-和 Sr2+/NO3-）的λ红移，这是由于离子对与共聚物受体的协同结合。在碱金属盐溶液中，离子传感器表现出由盐抑制的渗透脱水引起的λ蓝移。 通过盐抑制的脱水过程中所需的平均渗透压（Pi(A)）来评估离子效应的强度。从共聚物和 PNIPAAm 水凝胶的 Pi(A)计算结果来看，与边界（Na+）和结构破坏（K+和 Cs+）阳离子相比，高亲水性的共聚物表面更显著地增强了结构形成阳离子（即 Li+）的离子效应。此外，与硝酸根阴离子相比，离子效应与氯离子结合时表现出更高的离子协同作用。长程协同离子效应的增强源于离子、水分子和亲水聚合物网络之间相互作用的扩展。

[601] Vibration Detection: Its Function and Recent Advances in Medical Applications F1000Research, 2020, 9: 619-627. Vibrations are all around us. We can detect vibrations with sensitive skin mechanoreceptors, but our conscious awareness of the presence of vibrations is often limited. Nevertheless, vibrations play a role in our everyday life. Here, we briefly describe the function of vibration detection and how it can be used for medical applications by way of whole body vibration. Strong vibrations can be harmful, but milder vibrations can be beneficial, although to what extent and how large the clinical relevance is are still controversial. Whole body vibration can be applied via a vibrating platform, used in both animal and human research. Recent findings make clear that the mode of action is twofold: next to the rather well-known exercise (muscle) component, it also has a sensory (skin) component. Notably, the sensory (skin) component stimulating the brain has potential for several purposes including improvements in brain-related disorders. Combining these two components by selecting the optimal settings in whole body vibration has clear potential for medical applications. To realize this, the field needs more standardized and personalized protocols. It should tackle what could be considered the "Big Five" variables of whole body vibration designs: vibration amplitude, vibration frequency, method of application, session duration/frequency, and total intervention duration. Unraveling the underlying mechanisms by translational research can help to determine the optimal settings. Many systematic reviews on whole body vibration end with the conclusion that the findings are promising yet inconclusive. This is mainly because of the large variation in the "Big Five" settings between studies and incomplete reporting of methodological details hindering reproducibility. We are of the opinion that when (part of) these optimal settings are being realized, a much better estimate can be given about the true potential of whole body vibration as a medical application.
振动检测：其功能及在医疗应用中的近期进展 F1000Research，2020，9：619-627。振动无处不在。我们可以通过敏感的皮肤机械感受器检测振动，但我们对振动存在的意识通常有限。尽管如此，振动在我们的日常生活中发挥着作用。在此，我们简要描述了振动检测的功能以及如何通过全身振动用于医疗应用。强烈的振动可能有害，但较轻的振动可能有益，尽管其临床相关性的程度和大小仍有争议。全身振动可以通过振动平台应用，用于动物和人类研究。最近的研究明确指出，其作用机制是双重的：除了相对知名的锻炼（肌肉）成分外，还有感觉（皮肤）成分。值得注意的是，刺激大脑的感觉（皮肤）成分具有多种用途，包括改善与大脑相关的疾病。通过在全身振动中选择最佳设置来结合这两个成分，在医疗应用中具有明显的潜力。 为了实现这一点，该领域需要更多标准化和个性化的协议。它应解决全身振动设计可能被认为是“五大”变量的问题：振动幅度、振动频率、应用方法、会话持续时间/频率以及总干预持续时间。通过转化研究揭示潜在机制可以帮助确定最佳设置。许多关于全身振动的系统综述以结论结束，认为发现很有希望但结论尚不明确。这主要是因为研究之间“五大”设置存在很大差异，以及方法细节报告不完整，阻碍了可重复性。我们认为，当（部分）这些最佳设置得以实现时，可以给出关于全身振动作为医疗应用的真正潜力的更好估计。

[602] An Analytical Investigation on the Effect of Porous Conductive Cellulose Acetate Composite Morphology on the Detection of Organic Compounds Polymer Engineering and Science, 2020, 60(7): 1631-1641. A smart porous conductive polymer composite (CPC) consisting of cellulose acetate as matrix and multiwalled carbon nanotubes as conductive filler was prepared to detect a set of lung cancer biomarkers. The solvent evaporation-induced phase separation was used to introduce porosity into the conductive composite. The prepared sensitive layers exhibited high response intensity, low response time, and good recovery behavior toward the mentioned analytes. A thorough investigation was conducted on the morphology, response behavior, sensitivity, and selectivity of the prepared CPC transducer. The selectivity of responses was considered based on the thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of polymer and analytes such as Hansen solubility parameters, Flory-Huggins interaction parameter, and diffusion coefficient of analytes into the polymer membrane. Moreover, the microstructure of porous layers was characterized by using SEM, contact angle, and BET. The volume porosity and specific surface area of the sensitive layers were increased by the introduction of porosity into the polymer composite, causing the improvement of sensing parameters. The obtained responses further confirmed the promising potential of the prepared porous CPC structure, for the detection of lung cancer biomarkers, from exhaled breath as an inexpensive, repeatable, accurate, and noninvasive method.
对多孔导电纤维素醋酸酯复合材料形态对有机化合物检测影响的解析研究，《聚合物工程与科学》，2020，60（7）：1631-1641。制备了一种以纤维素醋酸酯为基体、多壁碳纳米管为导电填料的智能多孔导电聚合物复合物（CPC），用于检测一组肺癌生物标志物。采用溶剂蒸发诱导的相分离引入多孔性到导电复合材料中。制备的敏感层对所述分析物表现出高响应强度、低响应时间和良好的恢复行为。对制备的 CPC 传感器在形态、响应行为、灵敏度和选择性等方面进行了深入研究。响应的选择性基于聚合物和分析物的热力学和动力学特性，如 Hansen 溶解度参数、Flory-Huggins 相互作用参数和分析物在聚合物膜中的扩散系数。此外，利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、接触角和比表面积（BET）对多孔层的微观结构进行了表征。 敏感层的体积孔隙率和比表面积通过引入孔隙到聚合物复合材料中得到提高，从而改善了传感参数。获得的响应进一步证实了制备的孔隙 CPC 结构在检测肺癌生物标志物方面的良好潜力，从呼出气体作为一种低成本、可重复、准确且非侵入性的方法。

[603] Application of Nanomaterials in Treatment, Anti-Infection and Detection of Coronaviruses Nanomedicine, 2020, 15(15): 1501-1512. Nanotechnology and nanomedicine have excellent potential in dealing with a range of different health problems, including viruses, which are considered to be a serious challenge in the medical field. Application of nanobiotechnology could represent a new avenue for the treatment or disinfection of viruses. There is increasing concern regarding the control of coronaviruses, among these, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 are well known and dangerous examples. This article aims to provide an overview of recent studies on the effectiveness of nanoparticles as diagnostic or antiviral tools against coronaviruses. The possibilities of effectively using nanomaterials as vaccines and nanosensors in this field are also presented.
纳米材料在冠状病毒治疗、抗感染和检测中的应用，纳米医学，2020，15(15)：1501-1512。纳米技术和纳米医学在处理各种不同的健康问题方面具有巨大的潜力，包括病毒，这些病毒被认为是医疗领域的一个严重挑战。纳米生物技术的应用可能代表了一种治疗或消毒病毒的新途径。人们对冠状病毒的控制越来越关注，其中中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒、严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒和严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒-2 是众所周知的危险例子。本文旨在概述最近关于纳米颗粒作为冠状病毒诊断或抗病毒工具有效性的研究。还介绍了在此领域有效利用纳米材料作为疫苗和纳米传感器的可能性。

[604] Glycated Albumin Based Photonic Crystal Sensors for Detection of Lipopolysaccharides and Discrimination of Gram-Negative Bacteria Analytica Chimica Acta, 2020, 1117: 1-8. We present two types of two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PC) hydrogel sensors based on glycated albumin (G-alb) as a proof-of-concept for utilizing recognition between G-alb and bacterial cell surface lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to detect and discriminate Gram-negative bacteria. The G-alb functionalized PC-G-alb hydrogel provides recognition of different LPS via hydrogen bonding and can discriminate different Gram-negative bacteria based on their LPS types. The hydrogel delivered LOD of 0.87 ng mL(-1) for E.coli LPS, 153 CFU mL(-1) for E.coli, 1.22 ng mL(-1) for P.aeruginosa LPS and 225 CFU mL(-1) for P.aeruginosa. On the other hand, LPS bioimprinted hydrogel (PC-G-alb-LPSimp) provides selective recognition of E.coli LPS with LOD 0.76 ng mL(-1) and for E.coli 58 CFU mL(-1), via generation of flexible specific cavities for E.coli and its LPS. The two hydrogels showed remarkable recoveries for both LPS and Gram-negative bacteria in the relevant samples of milk, orange juice, river water, and serum with a short response time of 6-12 min. In the binding process, the hydrogels shrink, and 2D PC particle spacing decreases with diffraction shift from green to blue. The diffraction shifts can be visually observed, measured through Debye's diffraction ring diameter by a laser pointer or determined from a spectrometer. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
[604] 基于糖化白蛋白的光子晶体传感器用于检测脂多糖和区分革兰氏阴性菌 分析化学学报，2020，1117：1-8。我们提出两种基于糖化白蛋白（G-alb）的二维（2D）光子晶体（PC）水凝胶传感器，作为利用 G-alb 与细菌细胞表面脂多糖（LPS）之间的识别来检测和区分革兰氏阴性菌的原理证明。G-alb 功能化的 PC-G-alb 水凝胶通过氢键识别不同的 LPS，并能根据其 LPS 类型区分不同的革兰氏阴性菌。该水凝胶对大肠杆菌 LPS 的检测限为 0.87 ng mL(-1)，对大肠杆菌的检测限为 153 CFU mL(-1)，对铜绿假单胞菌 LPS 的检测限为 1.22 ng mL(-1)，对铜绿假单胞菌的检测限为 225 CFU mL(-1)。另一方面，LPS 生物印迹水凝胶（PC-G-alb-LPSimp）通过生成针对大肠杆菌及其 LPS 的灵活特异性空腔，对大肠杆菌 LPS 具有选择性识别，检测限为 0.76 ng mL(-1)，对大肠杆菌的检测限为 58 CFU mL(-1)。 两种水凝胶在牛奶、橙汁、河水、血清的相关样品中对 LPS 和革兰氏阴性细菌均表现出显著的恢复能力，响应时间短，为 6-12 分钟。在结合过程中，水凝胶收缩，2D PC 粒子间距随着从绿色到蓝色的衍射偏移而减小。衍射偏移可以直观观察，通过激光笔测量 Debye 衍射环直径，或由光谱仪确定。（C）2020 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[605] High-Performance Colorimetric Humidity Sensors Based on Konjac Glucomannan ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2020, 12(48): 54104-54116. High-humidity conditions (85-100% relative humidity (RH)) have very diverse effects on many aspects of people's daily lives. Despite remarkable progress in the development of structural coloration-based humidity sensors, how to significantly improve the sensitivity and visual humidity resolution of these humidity sensors under a high-humidity environment remains a great challenge. In this study, high-performance colorimetric humidity sensors based on environment-friendly konjac glucomannan (KGM) via thin-film interference are developed using a simple, affordable, and scalable preparation method. An effective strategy is demonstrated for substantially improving the sensor sensitivity and visual humidity resolution under a high-humidity environment via synergistic integration of multiorder interference peaks, sensor array technology, and superior water-absorbing polymer. The KGM full-range humidity sensors exhibit fast and dynamic response toward the humidity change without power consumption, and they also show high sensitivity and selectivity, little hysteresis, and excellent stability against high-humidity conditions. The KGM humidity sensors display extraordinary red shift of the reflection peak (e.g., 385 nm) and the visual humidity resolution as high as 1.5% RH in the visible range from 85 to 100% RH, which represent the largest spectra shift and highest visual humidity resolution, respectively, for structural coloration-based humidity sensors in high-humidity conditions.
基于魔芋甘露聚糖的彩色湿度传感器：高性能彩色湿度传感器，基于魔芋甘露聚糖的彩色湿度传感器，ACS 应用材料与界面，2020，12(48)：54104-54116。高湿度条件（85-100%相对湿度（RH））对人们日常生活的许多方面都有非常多样的影响。尽管在基于结构色湿度传感器的发展方面取得了显著进展，但在高湿度环境下如何显著提高这些湿度传感器的灵敏度和视觉湿度分辨率仍然是一个巨大的挑战。在本研究中，通过薄膜干涉法，采用简单、经济、可扩展的制备方法，开发了基于环保魔芋甘露聚糖（KGM）的高性能彩色湿度传感器。通过协同集成多阶干涉峰、传感器阵列技术和优异的吸水聚合物，展示了一种有效策略，在高温湿度环境下显著提高传感器的灵敏度和视觉湿度分辨率。 KGM 全范围湿度传感器对湿度变化表现出快速和动态的响应，无需功耗，同时具有高灵敏度和选择性，低滞后性，以及在高湿度条件下的优异稳定性。KGM 湿度传感器在可见光范围内（85%至 100%RH）显示出反射峰（例如，385 nm）的异常红移和高达 1.5%RH 的视觉湿度分辨率，分别代表了在潮湿条件下基于结构色湿度传感器的最大光谱偏移和最高视觉湿度分辨率。

[606] Selective Naked-Eye Detection of Sars-Cov-2 Mediated by N Gene Targeted Antisense Oligonucleotide Capped Plasmonic Nanoparticles ACS Nano, 2020, 14(6): 7617-7627. The current outbreak of the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) demands its rapid, convenient, and large-scale diagnosis to downregulate its spread within as well as across the communities. But the reliability, reproducibility, and selectivity of majority of such diagnostic tests fail when they are tested either to a viral load at its early representation or to a viral gene mutated during its current spread. In this regard, a selective "naked-eye" detection of SARS-CoV-2 is highly desirable, which can be tested without accessing any advanced instrumental techniques. We herein report the development of a colorimetric assay based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), when capped with suitably designed thiol-modified antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) specific for N-gene (nucleocapsid phosphoprotein) of SARS-CoV-2, could be used for diagnosing positive COVID-19 cases within 10 min from the isolated RNA samples. The thiol-modified ASO-capped AuNPs agglomerate selectively in the presence of its target RNA sequence of SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrate a change in its surface plasmon resonance. Further, the addition of RNaseH cleaves the RNA strand from the RNA-DNA hybrid leading to a visually detectable precipitate from the solution mediated by the additional agglomeration among the AuNPs. The selectivity of the assay has been monitored in the presence of MERS-CoV viral RNA with a limit of detection of 0.18 ng/mu L of RNA having SARS-CoV-2 viral load. Thus, the current study reports a selective and visual "nakedeye" detection of COVID-19 causative virus, SARS-CoV-2, without the requirement of any sophisticated instrumental techniques.
[606] 通过靶向 SARS-CoV-2 N 基因的靶向反义寡核苷酸封端等离子体纳米颗粒进行选择性裸眼检测 ACS 纳米，2020，14(6)：7617-7627。由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 型（SARS-CoV-2）引起的 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的当前爆发要求其快速、便捷、大规模的诊断，以降低其在社区内以及跨社区的传播。但是，当这些诊断测试被测试到病毒载量在早期表现或病毒基因在当前传播期间发生突变时，大多数此类诊断测试的可靠性、可重复性和选择性都失败了。在这方面，对 SARS-CoV-2 进行选择性“裸眼”检测是非常有吸引力的，可以在不接触任何先进仪器技术的情况下进行检测。我们在此报告了一种基于金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）的颜色法测定，当用针对 SARS-CoV-2 N 基因（核衣壳磷酸蛋白）的适当设计的巯基修饰反义寡核苷酸（ASOs）封端时，可以在 10 分钟内从分离的 RNA 样本中诊断出 COVID-19 阳性病例。 硫醇修饰的 ASO 包覆金纳米粒子在存在其靶标 SARS-CoV-2 RNA 序列的情况下选择性聚集，并表现出其表面等离子体共振的变化。此外，添加 RNaseH 酶切 RNA-DNA 杂合物的 RNA 链，导致金纳米粒子之间额外的聚集，从而在溶液中形成可视觉检测的沉淀。在存在 MERS-CoV 病毒 RNA 的情况下，监测了该检测的特异性，检测限为 0.18 ng/μL 的 SARS-CoV-2 病毒载量 RNA。因此，当前研究报道了一种选择性且可视觉“肉眼”检测 COVID-19 致病病毒 SARS-CoV-2 的方法，无需任何复杂的仪器技术。

[607] Direct Current Electric Field Induced Gradient Hydrogel Actuators with Rapid Thermo-Responsive Performance as Soft Manipulators Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2020, 8(8): 2756-2763. Polymeric hydrogels as biomimetic soft actuators have attracted great attention, but the design of rapid responsive hydrogel actuators via a facile and sustainable pathway still faces great challenges. Herein, rapid thermo-responsive hydrogel actuators with high performances were fabricated by utilizing a direct current (DC) electric field to induce a gradient distribution of renewable tunicate cellulose nanocrystals (TCNCs) in the poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) matrix. The spatial distribution of TCNCs that acted as both nanofillers and multifunctional cross-linkers in PNIPAM was adequately demonstrated by 3D Raman technology, which played a dominant role in the fast bending (4.8 degrees s(-1)) and recovery velocity (1.4 degrees s(-1)) of the corresponding hydrogel actuators. Moreover, the PNIPAM/TCNC hydrogels with excellent durability and stability could be used as potential temperature-controlled manipulators for long-term capture and transportation of targeted objects, even in harsh environments.
[607] 利用直流电场诱导梯度海藻酸纤维素纳米晶体（TCNCs）在聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)（PNIPAM）基质中的快速热响应水凝胶驱动器作为软操纵器 材料化学 C 杂志，2020，8(8)：2756-2763。聚合物水凝胶作为仿生软驱动器引起了广泛关注，但通过简便和可持续的途径设计快速响应水凝胶驱动器仍面临巨大挑战。在此，通过利用直流电场诱导可再生海藻酸纤维素纳米晶体（TCNCs）在聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)（PNIPAM）基质中的梯度分布，制备了具有高性能的快速热响应水凝胶驱动器。3D 拉曼技术充分证明了 TCNCs 在 PNIPAM 中的空间分布，它们既作为纳米填料又作为多功能交联剂，在相应水凝胶驱动器的快速弯曲（4.8 度/秒）和恢复速度（1.4 度/秒）中发挥了主导作用。 此外，具有优异耐久性和稳定性的 PNIPAM/TCNC 水凝胶可作为潜在的温度控制操作器，用于长期捕获和运输目标物体，即使在恶劣环境中。

[608] Composite Elastomer Exhibiting a Stress-Dependent Color Change and High Toughness Prepared by Self-Assembly of Silica Particles in a Polymer Network ACS Applied Polymer Materials, 2020, 2(9): 4078-4089. In this study, we developed a composite elastomer exhibiting both mechanical toughness and a structural color change using submicron-sized spherical fine silica particles with a uniform size as fillers and arranging them in a periodic structure in the elastomer. In this composite elastomer, the fine silica particles formed colloidal crystals in a nonclosest-packed state, so that the composite elastomer was very flexible. We showed the possibility for use as strain and stress sensors that can measure the amount of strain applied to and the stress generated in the composite elastomer according to the position of the reflection peak produced by the composite elastomer. In this composite elastomer, both the fracture stress and the fracture strain were improved by increasing the amount of fine silica particles so that the fracture energy and toughness increased. As a result, the fracture energy of the composite elastomer containing 35 vol % fine silica particles was 13.5 times that of the system containing no fine silica particles. In the stress-strain curve observed by uniaxial stretching of this composite elastomer, a shoulderlike change was observed at different positions depending on the content of the fine silica particles, and further stretching resulted in a large energy dissipation. It was also found that after being strained beyond the shoulder position for the composite elastomer containing 44.9 vol % fine silica particles, the composite elastomer became tougher than before it was stretched. This composite elastomer may be toughened by a change in the interaction between the silica-polymer interface that resulted from uniaxial stretching and a dissipation of the energy caused by a change in the particle arrangement. The composite elastomer developed by the present novel method has the ability to be toughened by being subjected to a large strain once and can be a safe material that can avoid sudden fracture.
[608] 通过在聚合物网络中自组装二氧化硅颗粒制备的具有应力依赖性颜色变化和高韧性的复合弹性体 ACS 应用聚合物材料，2020，2(9)：4078-4089。在本研究中，我们开发了一种复合弹性体，它既具有机械韧性，又具有结构颜色变化，使用均匀尺寸的亚微米级球形细二氧化硅颗粒作为填料，并在弹性体中按周期性结构排列。在这种复合弹性体中，细二氧化硅颗粒在非最密堆积状态下形成胶体晶体，因此复合弹性体非常柔韧。我们展示了将其用作应变和应力传感器的可能性，该传感器可以根据复合弹性体产生的反射峰位置测量施加在复合弹性体上的应变量和产生的应力。在这种复合弹性体中，通过增加细二氧化硅颗粒的量，提高了断裂应力和断裂应变，从而提高了断裂能和韧性。 因此，含有 35 体积百分比的细硅颗粒的复合弹性体的断裂能是无细硅颗粒系统的 13.5 倍。在单轴拉伸观察到的该复合弹性体的应力-应变曲线上，根据细硅颗粒的含量，在各个不同位置观察到肩部样的变化，进一步拉伸导致大量能量耗散。还发现，对于含有 44.9 体积百分比细硅颗粒的复合弹性体，在超过肩部位置拉伸后，复合弹性体的韧性比拉伸前更强。这种复合弹性体可能通过单轴拉伸导致的硅-聚合物界面相互作用的变化以及由于粒子排列变化引起的能量耗散而得到增强。本发明方法开发的复合弹性体具有一次承受大应变后即可增强的能力，可以成为一种可以避免突然断裂的安全材料。

[609] Autonomic Perspiration in 3d-Printed Hydrogel Actuators Science Robotics, 2020, 5(38): eaaz3918. In both biological and engineered systems, functioning at peak power output for prolonged periods of time requires thermoregulation. Here, we report a soft hydrogel-based actuator that can maintain stable body temperatures via autonomic perspiration. Using multimaterial stereolithography, we three-dimensionally print finger-like fluidic elastomer actuators having a poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAm) body capped with a microporous (similar to 200 micrometers) polyacrylamide (PAAm) dorsal layer. The chemomechanical response of these hydrogel materials is such that, at low temperatures (<30 degrees C), the pores are sufficiently closed to allow for pressurization and actuation, whereas at elevated temperatures (>30 degrees C), the pores dilate to enable localized perspiration in the hydraulic actuator. Such sweating actuators exhibit a 600% enhancement in cooling rate (i.e., 39.1 degrees C minute(-1)) over similar non-sweating devices. Combining multiple finger actuators into a single device yields soft robotic grippers capable of both mechanically and thermally manipulating various heated objects. The measured thermoregulatory performance of these sweating actuators (similar to 107 watts kilogram(-1)) greatly exceeds the evaporative cooling capacity found in the best animal systems (similar to 35 watts kilogram(-1)) at the cost of a temporary decrease in actuation efficiency.
[609] 3D 打印水凝胶致动器中的自主出汗 科学机器人，2020，5(38)：eaaz3918。在生物和工程系统中，长时间在峰值功率输出下运行需要体温调节。在此，我们报道了一种基于软水凝胶的致动器，可以通过自主出汗来维持稳定的体温。利用多材料立体光刻技术，我们三维打印了具有聚-N-异丙基丙烯酰胺（PNIPAm）本体和微孔（类似于 200 微米）聚丙烯酰胺（PAAm）背层的指状流体弹性体致动器。这些水凝胶材料的化学机械响应是这样的，在低温（<30 摄氏度）时，孔隙足够关闭以允许加压和驱动，而在高温（>30 摄氏度）时，孔隙扩张以使液压致动器实现局部出汗。这种出汗致动器在冷却速率（即 39.1 摄氏度/分钟）方面比类似的无汗设备提高了 600%。 将多个手指驱动器集成到单一设备中，可产生能够机械和热力操纵各种加热物体的软体机器人夹爪。这些出汗驱动器的测量热调节性能（类似于 107 瓦/千克）远超过最佳动物系统中的蒸发冷却能力（类似于 35 瓦/千克），但代价是暂时降低驱动效率。

[610] All-Solid-State Flexible Zinc-Air Battery with Polyacrylamide Alkaline Gel Electrolyte Journal of Power Sources, 2020, 450. The rapid development of flexible electronic devices prompts the extensive attentions of the all-solid-state flexible zinc-air batteries (ZABs). Nevertheless, the low energy conversion efficiency and output power density hinder the practical application of all-solid-state flexible ZABs due to the lacks of bifunctional oxygen catalysts with high catalytic activity and flexible solid electrolytes with high ionic conductivity. Herein, we report an active and cost-effective oxygen catalyst of manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanowires supported on nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (MnO2/NRGO.(Urea)) synthesized by a facile one-pot process. Along with superior stability, MnO2/NRGO-(Urea) shows the prominent activities for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR and OER), and lowest potential difference between ORR and OER among most of the manganese dioxides reported recently. Importantly, the polyacrylamide (PAM) based alkaline gel electrolyte (AGE) which shows much higher hydroxide-ion conductivity (215.6 mS cm(-2)) than the state-of-the-art polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based AGEs is employed in the all-solid-state flexible ZAB. Thanks to the MnO2/NRGO.(Urea) catalyst and PAM-based AGE, the maximum power density (P-max) of the as -fabricated all-solid-state flexible ZAB reaches 105.0 mW cm(-2) with extraordinary mechanical flexibility and robustness. Our work offers a cost-effective strategy for all-solid-state flexible ZABs with high power density and excellent energy conversion efficiency.
[610] 全固态柔性锌空气电池：聚丙烯酰胺碱性凝胶电解质，《电源杂志》，2020，450。柔性电子设备的快速发展促使全固态柔性锌空气电池（ZABs）受到广泛关注。然而，由于缺乏具有高催化活性的双功能氧催化剂和高离子电导率的柔性固态电解质，全固态柔性 ZABs 的能量转换效率和输出功率密度较低，这阻碍了其实际应用。在此，我们报道了一种通过简单的一步法合成的活性且经济的二氧化锰（MnO2）纳米线负载于氮掺杂还原氧化石墨烯（MnO2/NRGO。（尿素））的氧催化剂。MnO2/NRGO-(尿素)具有优异的稳定性，在氧还原反应（ORR）和析氧反应（OER）中表现出突出的活性，并且在其最近报道的大多数锰氧化物中，ORR 和 OER 之间的电位差最低。 重要的是，基于聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）的碱性凝胶电解质（AGE），其氢氧根离子电导率（215.6 mS cm(-2)）远高于最先进的基于聚乙烯醇（PVA）的 AGEs，被用于全固态柔性 ZAB。得益于 MnO2/NRGO.(脲)催化剂和 PAM 基 AGE，所制备的全固态柔性 ZAB 的最大功率密度（P-max）达到 105.0 mW cm(-2)，具有非凡的机械柔韧性和强度。我们的工作为具有高功率密度和优异能量转换效率的全固态柔性 ZAB 提供了一种经济有效的策略。

[611] Toxic and Potentially Toxic Elements Determination in Cosmetics Used for Make-Up: A Critical Review Analytica Chimica Acta, 2020, 1098: 1-26. The daily use of cosmetics may expose consumers to localized skin problems and systemic effects caused by absorption of chemical elements. The requirements for suitable quality control and maximum limits for toxic and potentially toxic elements in cosmetics have attracted the attention of the scientific community and of the official institutions around the world. Maximum limits for chemical elements in some cosmetics have been set, but there are disagreements between them. In the same context, many analytical methods have been proposed in the literature, but several challenges during the sample preparation and determination steps related to the high complexity of cosmetics' matrices composition still remain. It is extremely difficulty to establish suitable methods, free of interference, even using modern technology. In this review, methods for determining toxic and potentially toxic elements in cosmetics used for make-up on the lips and on the eye area, covering the period since 2000, are presented. Techniques enabling direct analysis and those requiring a sample preparation step prior to the analysis are also discussed. This review focused on cosmetics for make-up on the lips and on the eye area because the risks of per-cutaneous absorption and oral ingestion of toxic and potentially toxic elements is higher than in other body regions. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
化妆品中化妆品毒性和潜在毒性元素测定：一项批判性综述 Analytica Chimica Acta，2020，1098：1-26。化妆品的日常使用可能使消费者暴露于由化学元素吸收引起的局部皮肤问题和全身性影响。对化妆品中适宜的质量控制和有毒及潜在有毒元素最大限量的要求引起了全球科学界和官方机构的关注。一些化妆品中化学元素的最大限量已被设定，但它们之间存在分歧。在同一背景下，文献中提出了许多分析方法，但与化妆品基质组成的高度复杂性相关的样品制备和测定步骤中仍存在一些挑战。即使在现代技术下，建立无干扰的适宜方法也极为困难。在这篇综述中，介绍了自 2000 年以来用于唇部和眼部化妆品中测定毒性和潜在毒性元素的方法。 直接分析技术以及需要分析前进行样本制备步骤的技术也进行了讨论。本综述重点介绍了用于唇部和眼部化妆的化妆品，因为有毒和可能有毒元素通过皮肤吸收和口服摄入的风险高于其他身体部位。（C）2019 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[612] Protective Immunity after Covid-19 Has Been Questioned: What Can We Do without Sars-Cov-2-Igg Detection? Cellular Immunology, 2020, 353: 104114-104114. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces a severe acute respiratory syndrome that is called COVID-19. Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 include diarrhea, pneumonia, lymphopenia, exhausted lymphocytes, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Immunology is part of the process of clinical evolution, but there are some questions around immunity-based protection: (1) why some infected people have only mild symptoms of the disease or are asymptomatic; (2) why delayed and weak antibody responses are associated with severe outcomes; and (3) why positivity in molecular tests does not represent protective antibody IgG. Perhaps T cell responses may be the key to solving those questions. SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells persist in peripheral blood and may be capable of providing effective information about protective immunity. The T cells studies can be helpful in elucidating the pathways for development of vaccines, therapies, and diagnostics for COVID-19 and for filling these immunology knowledge gaps.
COVID-19 后保护性免疫受到质疑：没有 Sars-Cov-2-Igg 检测我们该怎么办？细胞免疫学，2020，353：104114-104114.严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）引起严重急性呼吸综合征，称为 COVID-19。COVID-19 的临床表现包括腹泻、肺炎、淋巴细胞减少、耗竭的淋巴细胞和促炎细胞因子产生。免疫学是临床演变过程的一部分，但围绕基于免疫的保护性存在一些疑问：（1）为什么一些感染者只有轻微的疾病症状或无症状；（2）为什么延迟和弱的抗体反应与严重后果相关；（3）为什么分子测试的阳性结果不代表保护性抗体 IgG。也许 T 细胞反应可能是解决这些问题的关键。SARS-CoV-2 特异性记忆 T 细胞持续存在于外周血中，可能能够提供有关保护性免疫的有效信息。T 细胞研究有助于阐明 COVID-19 疫苗、疗法和诊断的发展途径，以及填补这些免疫学知识空白。

[613] Universal Design Rules for Flory–Huggins Polymer Photonic Vapor Sensors Advanced Functional Materials, 2020, 31(9): 2009626-2009636.
[613] 《Flory-Huggins 聚合物光子蒸汽传感器通用设计规则》先进功能材料，2020，31(9)：2009626-2009636。

[614] Investigation of the Performance and Safety Degradation Caused by Slight Accumulation of Electricity in Traction Batteries Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(2): 400-408.
[614] 《轻微积累电能在牵引电池中引起的性能和安全退化研究》储能科学与技术，2020，9(2)：400-408。

[615] Actuating Supramolecular Shape Memorized Hydrogel toward Programmable Shape Deformation Small, 2020, 16(48): 2005461. Inspired by nature, diverse biomimetic hydrogel actuators are fabricated and become one of the most essential components of bionics research. Usually, the anisotropic structure of a hydrogel actuator is generated at the early fabrication process, only a specific shape transformation behavior can be produced under external stimuli, and thus has limited the development of hydrogel actuators toward the biomimetic shape deformation behavior. Herein, a novel bilayer hydrogel having a thermoresponsive actuating layer and a metal ion-responsive memorizing layer is proposed, therefore, a 2D hydrogel film can be fixed into various 3D shapes via supramolecular metal-ligand coordination, with further realizing programmable 4D shape deformation under the stimulus of temperature. By manipulating the temporary shapes via shape memory behavior, various temporary anisotropic structures can be obtained via the bilayer hydrogel, thus producing diverse reversible shape deformation performances, which is expected to promote the development of intelligent polymeric materials.
[615] 驱动超分子形状记忆水凝胶实现可编程形状变形 小，2020，16(48)：2005461。受自然界启发，多种仿生水凝胶驱动器被制造出来，并成为仿生学研究中最基本的部分之一。通常，水凝胶驱动器的各向异性结构在早期制造过程中形成，仅在外部刺激下产生特定的形状转换行为，从而限制了水凝胶驱动器向仿生形状变形行为的开发。在此，提出了一种具有热响应驱动层和金属离子响应记忆层的新型双层水凝胶，因此，二维水凝胶薄膜可以通过超分子金属-配体配位固定成各种三维形状，进一步在温度刺激下实现可编程的四维形状变形。通过通过形状记忆行为操纵临时形状，双层水凝胶可以获得各种临时的各向异性结构，从而产生多种可逆的形状变形性能，有望促进智能聚合物材料的发展。

[616] Strategies for Dielectric Contrast Enhancement in 1d Planar Polymeric Photonic Crystals Applied Sciences-Basel, 2020, 10(12): 411-4143. Historically, photonic crystals have been made of inorganic high refractive index materials coupled to air voids to maximize the dielectric contrast and in turn the light confinement. However, these systems are complex, costly, and time-demanding, and the fabrication processes are difficult to scale. Polymer structures promise to tackle this issue thanks to their easy solution and melt processing. Unfortunately, their low dielectric contrast limits their performance. In this work, we propose a concise but exhaustive review of the common polymers employed in the fabrication of planar 1D photonic crystals and new approaches to the enhancement of their dielectric contrast. Transfer matrix method modeling will be employed to quantify the effect of this parameter in standardized structures and to propose a new polymer structure for applications dealing with light management.
[616] 1D 平面聚合物光子晶体介电对比度增强策略，《应用科学-巴塞尔》，2020，10(12)：411-4143。历史上，光子晶体由无机高折射率材料制成，与空气空隙耦合以最大化介电对比度，从而实现光限制。然而，这些系统复杂、成本高、耗时，且制造工艺难以规模化。聚合物结构有望通过其易于溶液和熔融处理来解决这一问题。不幸的是，它们较低的介电对比度限制了其性能。在本工作中，我们提出对用于平面 1D 光子晶体制造中常见聚合物及其介电对比度增强新方法的简要但详尽的综述。将采用转移矩阵法建模来量化该参数在标准化结构中的影响，并提出一种新的聚合物结构，用于处理光管理应用。

[617] Hydrogel Machines Materials Today, 2020, 36: 102-124. As polymer networks infiltrated with water, hydrogels constitute the major components of the human body; and hydrogels have been widely used in applications that closely interact with biological organisms, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, and biological research. More recently, owing to their superior softness, wetness, responsiveness, biocompatibility, and bioactivity, hydrogels are being intensively investigated for versatile functions in devices and machines including sensors, actuators, coatings, optics, electronics, and water harvesters. A nascent field named hydrogel machines rapidly evolves, exploiting hydrogels as key components for devices and machines. While there are reviews on individual categories of hydrogel machines in literature, a comprehensive discussion on various categories of hydrogel machines that systematically correlate hydrogels' properties and machines' functions is still missing in the field. This review is aimed to provide such a panoramic overview. We first classify various hydrogel machines into a number of categories according to their applications. For each category, we discuss (i) the working principles of the hydrogel machines, (ii) the specific properties of hydrogels that enable the key functions of the machines, and (iii) challenges faced by hydrogel machines and recent developments to address them. The field of hydrogel machines will not only translate fundamental understanding of hydrogels into new applications, but also shift the paradigm in machine design by integrating hydrogels that can potentially minimize physical and physiological mismatches with biological organisms.
[617] 水凝胶机器 材料今天，2020，36：102-124。随着聚合物网络被水渗透，水凝胶构成了人体的主要成分；水凝胶在密切与生物体互动的应用中得到了广泛应用，如组织工程、药物输送和生物研究。最近，由于它们优越的柔软性、湿润性、响应性、生物相容性和生物活性，水凝胶正在被深入研究以在传感器、执行器、涂层、光学、电子和水收集器等设备和机器中发挥多功能作用。一个名为水凝胶机器的新兴领域迅速发展，利用水凝胶作为设备和机器的关键组件。虽然文献中有关于水凝胶机器各个类别的综述，但关于系统性地关联水凝胶性质和机器功能的各类水凝胶机器的全面讨论在该领域仍属缺失。本综述旨在提供这样的全景概述。我们首先根据其应用将各种水凝胶机器分类为若干类别。 对于每个类别，我们讨论（i）水凝胶机器的工作原理，（ii）使机器关键功能得以实现的水凝胶的特定性质，（iii）水凝胶机器面临的挑战以及解决这些挑战的最新进展。水凝胶机器领域不仅将水凝胶的基本理解转化为新的应用，而且通过整合可能最大限度地减少与生物体物理和生理不匹配的水凝胶，改变机器设计范式。

[618] Evaluation of Nucleocapsid and Spike Protein-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Detecting Antibodies against Sars-Cov-2 Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2020, 58(6). Background: At present, PCR-based nucleic acid detection cannot meet the demands for coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) diagnosis.Methods: 214 confirmed COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in the General Hospital of Central Theater Command of the People's Liberation Army between January 18 and February 26, 2020, were recruited. Two Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits based on recombinant SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (rN) and spike protein (rS) were used for detecting IgM and IgG antibodies, and their diagnostic feasibility was evaluated.Results: Among the 214 patients, 146 (68.2%) and 150 (70.1%) were successfully diagnosed with the rN-based IgM and IgG ELISAs, respectively; 165 (77.1%) and 159 (74.3%) were successfully diagnosed with the rS-based IgM and IgG ELISAs, respectively. The positive rates of the rN-based and rS-based ELISAs for antibody (IgM and/or IgG) detection were 80.4% and 82.2%, respectively. The sensitivity of the rS-based ELISA for IgM detection was significantly higher than that of the rN-based ELISA. We observed an increase in the positive rate for IgM and IgG with an increasing number of days post-disease onset (d.p.o.), but the positive rate of IgM dropped after 35 d.p.o. The positive rate of rN-based and rS-based IgM and IgG ELISAs was less than 60% during the early stage of the illness 0-10 d.p.o., and that of IgM and IgG was obviously increased after 10 d.p.o.Conclusions: ELISA has a high sensitivity, especially for the detection of serum samples from patients after 10 d.p.o, it can be an important supplementary method for COVID-19 diagnosis.
[618] 基于核壳蛋白和刺突蛋白的酶联免疫吸附测定检测 Sars-Cov-2 抗体的评估《临床微生物学杂志》，2020，58(6)。背景：目前，基于 PCR 的核酸检测无法满足冠状病毒感染疾病（COVID-19）诊断的需求。方法：2020 年 1 月 18 日至 2 月 26 日，在解放军总医院（中央军委后勤保障部）住院的 214 名确诊 COVID-19 患者被招募。使用基于重组 SARS-CoV-2 核壳蛋白（rN）和刺突蛋白（rS）的两种酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）试剂盒检测 IgM 和 IgG 抗体，并评估其诊断可行性。结果：在 214 名患者中，146 名（68.2%）和 150 名（70.1%）分别通过 rN 基 IgM 和 IgG ELISA 成功诊断；165 名（77.1%）和 159 名（74.3%）分别通过 rS 基 IgM 和 IgG ELISA 成功诊断。rN 基和 rS 基 ELISA 检测抗体的（IgM 和/或 IgG）阳性率分别为 80.4%和 82.2%。 rS 基 ELISA 检测 IgM 的灵敏度显著高于 rN 基 ELISA。我们观察到，随着疾病发病后天数（d.p.o.）的增加，IgM 和 IgG 的阳性率升高，但 35 d.p.o.后 IgM 的阳性率下降。rN 基和 rS 基 IgM 和 IgG ELISA 在疾病早期（0-10 d.p.o.）的阳性率低于 60%，而在 10 d.p.o.后 IgM 和 IgG 的阳性率明显增加。结论：ELISA 具有高灵敏度，尤其是在 10 d.p.o.后检测血清样本时，它可以成为 COVID-19 诊断的重要辅助方法。

[619] Positive Rate of Rt-Pcr Detection of Sars-Cov-2 Infection in 4880 Cases from One Hospital in Wuhan, China, from Jan to Feb 2020 Clinica Chimica Acta, 2020, 505: 172-175. Background: There's an outbreak of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection since December 2019, first in China, and currently with more than 80 thousand confirmed infection globally in 29 countries till March 2, 2020. Identification, isolation and caring for patients early are essential to limit human-to-human transmission including reducing secondary infections among close contacts and health care workers, preventing transmission amplification events. The RT-PCR detection of viral nucleic acid test (NAT) was one of the most quickly established laboratory diagnosis method in a novel viral pandemic, just as in this COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: 4880 cases that had respiratory infection symptoms or close contact with COVID-19 patients in hospital in Wuhan, China, were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection by use of quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) on samples from the respiratory tract. Positive rates were calculated in groups divided by genders or ages. Results: The positive rate was about 38% for the total 4880 specimens. Male and older population had a significant higher positive rates. However, 57% was positive among the specimens from the Fever Clinics. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that age, not gender, was the risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection in fever clinics. Conclusions: Therefore, we concluded that viral NAT played an important role in identifying SARS-CoV-2 infection.
[619] 武汉一家医院 2020 年 1 月至 2 月期间 4880 例 SARS-CoV-2 感染病例的 Rt-Pcr 检测阳性率，《临床化学杂志》，2020，505：172-175。背景：自 2019 年 12 月以来，一种新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）感染爆发，首先在中国，截至 2020 年 3 月 2 日，全球已有 29 个国家超过 8 万例确诊病例。早期识别、隔离和护理患者对于限制人传人传播至关重要，包括减少密切接触者和医务人员的继发感染，防止传播放大事件。实时荧光定量 PCR（qRT-PCR）检测病毒核酸测试（NAT）是在新型病毒大流行中迅速建立的实验室诊断方法之一，正如这次 COVID-19 疫情爆发时的情况。方法：对在中国武汉一家医院出现呼吸道感染症状或与 COVID-19 患者有密切接触的 4880 例病例，使用呼吸道样本进行定量 RT-PCR（qRT-PCR）检测 SARS-CoV-2 感染。按性别或年龄分组计算阳性率。 结果：在总共 4880 个样本中，阳性率约为 38%。男性和老年人群的阳性率显著较高。然而，发热门诊的样本中阳性率达到了 57%。二元逻辑回归分析显示，年龄而非性别是发热门诊 SARS-CoV-2 感染的风险因素。结论：因此，我们得出结论，病毒 NAT 在识别 SARS-CoV-2 感染中发挥了重要作用。

[620] A Sound-Image Coding Method Inspired by an Acousto-Optic Electronic Piano Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2020, 1631(1).
[620] 受声光电子钢琴启发的声音图像编码方法，《物理学：会议系列》，2020 年，1631(1)。

[621] Programmable Reversible Shape Transformation of Hydrogel Based on Transient Structural Anisotropy Advanced Materials, 2020, 32: 2001693.
[621] 基于瞬态结构各向异性的水凝胶可编程可逆形状转换，《先进材料》，2020 年，32: 2001693。

[622] Recent Progress in Periodic Patterning Fabricated by Self-Assembly of Colloidal Spheres for Optical Applications Science China-Materials, 2020, 63(8): 1418-1437. Colloidal crystals are periodically ordered arrays of monodisperse colloidal particles which represent a new class of self-assembled materials showing potential applications in many fields. Two-dimensional graphic nanostructures based on colloidal crystals have inherent periodicity from tens of nanometers to several micrometers, which gives them rich and interesting optical properties. This article presents a comprehensive review about the current research activities on the self-assembly of colloidal spheres which is an effective strategy for fabrication of various hierarchical and ordered nanostructures, with particular attention paid to the unique properties and applications of the colloidal crystal-based nanostructures. Three main aspects are elaborated: a) controllable self-assembly of colloidal crystals; b) the functions of the obtained colloidal spheres acting as the patterned mask for successive construction of numerous nanostructures; c) the novel properties and promising optical applications of the patterned nanostructures in various domains, such as plasmonic-related fields, antireflection, photonic crystals, photo-catalysis and electronic devices. After that, the current challenges and future perspectives in this area are provided. This review aims to inspire more ingenious designs and exciting research for manufacturing nanostructures utilizing colloidal self-assembly.
[622] 通过胶体球自组装制备的周期性图案在光学应用中的最新进展 科学通报-材料科学，2020，63(8)：1418-1437。胶体晶体是由单分散胶体粒子组成的周期性有序阵列，代表了一种新型的自组装材料，在许多领域显示出潜在的应用价值。基于胶体晶体的二维图形纳米结构具有从数十纳米到数微米的固有周期性，这使得它们具有丰富而有趣的光学性质。本文对胶体球自组装的当前研究活动进行了全面综述，这是制备各种层次和有序纳米结构的一种有效策略，特别关注基于胶体晶体纳米结构的独特性质和应用。 三个主要方面被详细阐述：a）胶体晶体的可控自组装；b）获得的胶体球作为图案化掩模在后续构建众多纳米结构中的功能；c）图案化纳米结构在各个领域的创新特性和有前景的光学应用，例如等离子体相关领域、抗反射、光子晶体、光催化和电子设备。之后，提供了该领域的当前挑战和未来展望。本综述旨在激发更多创新设计和激动人心的研究，以利用胶体自组装制造纳米结构。

[623] Fatigue-Resistant Adhesion of Hydrogels Nature Communications, 2020, 11(1): 1071. The adhesion of soft connective tissues (tendons, ligaments, and cartilages) on bones in many animals can maintain high toughness (similar to 800 J m(-2)) over millions of cycles of mechanical loads. Such fatigue-resistant adhesion has not been achieved between synthetic hydrogels and engineering materials, but is highly desirable for diverse applications such as artificial cartilages and tendons, robust antifouling coatings, and hydrogel robots. Inspired by the nanostructured interfaces between tendons/ligaments/cartilages and bones, we report that bonding ordered nanocrystalline domains of synthetic hydrogels on engineering materials can give a fatigue-resistant adhesion with an interfacial fatigue threshold of 800 J m(-2), because the fatigue-crack propagation at the interface requires a higher energy to fracture the ordered nanostructures than amorphous polymer chains. Our method enables fatigue-resistant hydrogel coatings on diverse engineering materials with complex geometries. We further demonstrate that the fatigue-resistant hydrogel coatings exhibit low friction and low wear against natural cartilages.
[623] 水凝胶的耐疲劳粘附性 自然通讯，2020，11(1)：1071。许多动物骨骼上的软连接组织（肌腱、韧带和软骨）在数百万次机械载荷循环中可以保持高韧性（类似于 800 J m(-2)）。这种耐疲劳粘附性在合成水凝胶与工程材料之间尚未实现，但对于人工软骨和肌腱、耐污涂层和水凝胶机器人等多种应用来说非常理想。受肌腱/韧带/软骨与骨骼之间纳米结构界面的启发，我们报告称，在工程材料上粘附合成水凝胶的有序纳米晶体域可以赋予耐疲劳粘附性，界面疲劳阈值为 800 J m(-2)，因为界面疲劳裂纹扩展需要更高的能量来断裂有序的纳米结构，而不是非晶聚合物链。我们的方法使复杂几何形状的多种工程材料上能够形成耐疲劳水凝胶涂层。 进一步证明，耐疲劳水凝胶涂层对天然软骨表现出低摩擦和低磨损性能。

[624] Thermal Responsive Photonic Crystal Achieved through the Control of Light Path Guided by Phase Transition Small, 2020, 16(34): 2002319-2002327. Responsive photonic crystal is widely considered in the field of anti-counterfeiting and information encryption because of their structural color changes caused by external stimulation. However, the response signal is usually achieved by adjusting the periodic lattice constant based on Bragg's law with volume changes. Thus, it is a great challenge to achieve the response of photonic crystals by non-array parameter control. Herein, novel thermal responsive photonic crystal (TRPC) with low angle dependent structural color is fabricated by introducing poly(ethylene glycol) into the structure of low angle dependent SnO(2)inverse opal. The response is achieved through the control of light path guided by phase transition and the significant volume change caused by the change of traditional array parameters can be effectively avoided. Meanwhile, the low angle dependent structural color of TRPC can effectively reduce the interference of observation angle change to response signal caused by external thermal stimulation. Patterned responsive photonic crystals with temperature gradient response are easily obtained by combining confinement self-assembly and direct template method, and the patterns can be presented and hidden by the control of light path, showing great potential in anti-counterfeiting and information encryption fields.
[624] 通过控制相变引导的光路实现热响应光子晶体，2020,16（34）：2002319-2002327。响应式光子晶体因其结构颜色变化而受到外部刺激，因此在防伪和信息加密领域被广泛考虑。然而，响应信号通常是通过根据布拉格定律调整体积变化的周期性晶格常数来实现的。因此，通过非阵列参数控制实现光子晶体的响应是一个巨大的挑战。在此，通过将聚乙二醇引入低角度依赖性 SnO（2） 反蛋白石的结构中，制备了具有低角度依赖性结构颜色的新型热响应光子晶体 （TRPC）。响应是通过相变引导的光路控制实现的，可以有效避免传统阵列参数变化引起的显着体积变化。同时，TRPC 的低角度依赖性结构颜色可以有效减少外部热刺激引起的观测角度变化对响应信号的干扰。 具有温度梯度响应的图案化响应性光子晶体可以通过结合限制自组装和直接模板法轻松获得，图案可以通过控制光路进行呈现和隐藏，在防伪和信息加密领域具有巨大潜力。

[625] Stiffness Self-Tuned Shape Memory Hydrogels for Embolization of Aneurysm Advanced Functional Materials, 2020, 30(22): 1910197. An aneurysm is a life-threatening vascular disease. Embolization with shape memory (SM) hydrogel coils is promising for the treatment of the intractable aneurysms. However, single temperature-triggered SM is softened in a catheter, and delivery of multiple coils is required, which may clog the catheter and complicate operation procedure. Here, a radiopaque temperature/pH dual responsive shape memory hydrogel with self-tuned stiffness is fabricated by copolymerizing acrylonitrile (AN, dipole-dipole interaction monomer), N-acryloyl 2-glycine (ACG, pH-sensitive H-bonding monomer), and polyethylene glycol diacrylate. Under slightly acidic conditions without eliciting cytotoxicity, additional supramolecular PACG hydrogen bonds combined with cyano dipole-dipole pairings contribute to the body temperature-triggered SM effect with an unprecedented high 430 MPa (10 degrees C) and 16 MPa (37 degrees C) Young's modulus. A carotid aneurysm is created in a dog to test the embolization of this SM hydrogel. At 37 degrees C, the hydrogel's high stiffness ensures its smooth delivery through a catheter. After being transported into the aneurysm sac, secondary swelling occurs concurrent with appropriate decrease of stiffness upon contacting neutral blood, thus enhancing the packing density and reducing recanalization rate and delivery times. This stiffness adaptive SM hydrogel holds its great potential as permanent embolic agents for treating a variety of aneurysms.
[625] 自调刚度形状记忆水凝胶用于动脉瘤栓塞，先进功能材料，2020，30(22)：1910197。动脉瘤是一种危及生命的血管疾病。使用形状记忆（SM）水凝胶线圈进行栓塞治疗难治性动脉瘤具有前景。然而，单温度触发的 SM 在导管中变软，需要多个线圈输送，这可能导致导管堵塞并复杂化手术程序。在这里，通过共聚丙烯腈（AN，偶极-偶极相互作用单体）、N-丙烯酰基 2-甘氨酸（ACG，pH 敏感氢键单体）和聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯制备了一种具有自调刚度的放射性透明温度/pH 双响应形状记忆水凝胶。在略微酸性条件下不引起细胞毒性，额外的超分子 PACG 氢键与氰基偶极-偶极配对相结合，有助于前所未有的高 430 MPa（10°C）和 16 MPa（37°C）杨氏模量的体温触发的 SM 效应。在狗身上创建颈动脉瘤以测试该 SM 水凝胶的栓塞效果。 在 37 摄氏度时，水凝胶的高刚度确保其通过导管的顺利输送。在进入动脉瘤囊后，与中性血液接触时发生次级肿胀，同时刚度适当降低，从而提高填充密度，降低再通率和输送时间。这种刚度自适应的 SM 水凝胶作为治疗各种动脉瘤的永久性栓塞剂的潜力巨大。

[626] Cartilage-Inspired, Lipid-Based Boundary-Lubricated Hydrogels Science, 2020, 370(6514): 335-+. The lubrication of hydrogels arises from fluid or solvated surface phases. By contrast, the lubricity of articular cartilage, a complex biohydrogel, has been at least partially attributed to nonfluid, lipid-exposing boundary layers. We emulated this behavior in synthetic hydrogels by incorporating trace lipid concentrations to create a molecularly thin, lipid-based boundary layer that renews continuously. We observed a 80% to 99.3% reduction in friction and wear relative to the lipid-free gel, over a wide range of conditions. This effect persists when the gels are dried and then rehydrated. Our approach may provide a method for sustained, extreme lubrication of hydrogels in applications from tissue engineering to clinical diagnostics.
[626] 基于脂质、受软骨启发的边界润滑水凝胶 科学，2020，370(6514)：335-+. 水凝胶的润滑作用源于流体或溶剂化表面相。相比之下，关节软骨这种复杂的生物水凝胶的润滑性至少部分归因于非流体、暴露脂质的边界层。我们通过在合成水凝胶中引入微量脂质浓度来模拟这种行为，创建了一个分子薄、基于脂质的边界层，该层可以持续更新。我们观察到，与无脂质凝胶相比，在广泛条件下摩擦和磨损减少了 80%至 99.3%。当凝胶干燥后再重新水化时，这种效果仍然存在。我们的方法可能为从组织工程到临床诊断的应用中水凝胶的持续、极端润滑提供了一种方法。

[627] The Hofmeister Effect on Protein Hydrogels with Stranded and Particulate Microstructures Colloids and Surfaces B-Biointerfaces, 2020, 196: 111332. The infiltration of ions into hydrogel matrix could significantly affect the microstructure and macroscopic mechanics of the gels. Here, the Hofmeister effect of various salts on the whey protein isolate hydrogels with fine-stranded and particulate microstructures is investigated by soaking the preformed hydrogels in the sodium salts of different anions. The infiltration of kosmotropic anions yield stiffer hydrogels, whereas the chaotropic anions soften the hydrogels. The hydrogels with fine-stranded microstructures are more sensitive to the salts comparing to the particulate ones due to the microscopic phase transitions and enhanced hydrophobic interactions between polymer chains occurred in fine-stranded hydrogels. Besides, despite the significant difference in water binding ability of different salts, the water holding capacity of the salt-treated hydrogels was mainly determined by the gel stiffness instead of the salt types. Similar mechanical responses of BSA and egg white protein hydrogels to the Hofmeister series was also demonstrated, suggesting that the results shown here could potentially be generalized for other globular protein hydrogels.
[627] 蛋白质水凝胶的 Hofmeister 效应及其链状和颗粒状微观结构的影响，胶体与表面 B-生物界面，2020，196：111332。离子渗入水凝胶基质可能会显著影响凝胶的微观结构和宏观力学性能。在此，通过将预形成的凝胶浸泡在不同阴离子的钠盐中，研究了各种盐对细链状和颗粒状乳清蛋白 isolate 水凝胶的 Hofmeister 效应。渗透的亲水离子导致水凝胶变硬，而疏水离子则使水凝胶变软。与颗粒状水凝胶相比，细链状微观结构的水凝胶对盐更敏感，这是由于细链状水凝胶中发生的微观相变和聚合物链之间增强的疏水相互作用。此外，尽管不同盐的水结合能力存在显著差异，但盐处理水凝胶的保水能力主要是由凝胶的刚度决定的，而不是盐的类型。 BSA 和鸡蛋清蛋白水凝胶对霍夫迈斯特系列具有相似的机械响应也得到了证明，这表明此处所示的结果可能适用于其他球蛋白水凝胶。

[628] Synthesis of Poly(Acrylamide)-Based Hydrogel for Bio-Sensing of Hepatitis B Core Antigen Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2020, 243. The major health issues posed by hepatitis B virus (HBV) globally have always been the impetus for the development of novel diagnostic assays. Here, we report the synthesis of bio-conjugated polyacrylamide-based hydrogel (HBPAAm hydrogel) that responds to the presence of hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) by a weight change in the hydrogel. The HBPAAm hydrogel contained the affinity crosslinks formed by the bio-specific coupling between the bound HBcAg and its antibody (anti-HBc). In the presence of analyte (i.e., free HBcAg), the immobilized HBcAg-(anti-HBc) complexes in HBPAAm hydrogel were disrupted; the competitive binding of free HBcAg onto the bound anti-HBc in HBPAAm hydrogel triggered the swelling of hydrogel. The swelling of HBPAAm hydrogel corresponded to the concentration of free HBcAg. The bio-sensing property of HBPAAm hydrogel is highly specific, and the reusability of HBPAAm hydrogel for multiple runs of HBcAg sensing was demonstrated. The bio-conjugated hydrogel has great potential as a sensing component of the biosensor that allows the detection of HBV serological markers at a lower cost and a shorter time.
[628] 基于聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶的乙型肝炎核心抗原生物传感研究，材料化学与物理，2020，243。全球范围内乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）引起的主要健康问题一直是开发新型诊断检测方法的动力。在此，我们报道了一种生物偶联的聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶（HBPAAm 水凝胶）的合成，该水凝胶通过水凝胶的质量变化对乙型肝炎核心抗原（HBcAg）的存在做出响应。HBPAAm 水凝胶包含由结合的 HBcAg 与其抗体（抗-HBc）之间的生物特异性偶联形成的亲和交联。在存在分析物（即，游离 HBcAg）的情况下，HBPAAm 水凝胶中固定的 HBcAg-（抗-HBc）复合物被破坏；游离 HBcAg 与 HBPAAm 水凝胶中结合的抗-HBc 的竞争性结合触发了水凝胶的膨胀。HBPAAm 水凝胶的膨胀与游离 HBcAg 的浓度相对应。HBPAAm 水凝胶的生物传感特性高度特异性，HBPAAm 水凝胶在多次 HBcAg 传感运行中的可重复使用性得到了证明。 生物交联水凝胶作为生物传感器的传感组件具有巨大潜力，能够以较低的成本和更短的时间检测乙型肝炎血清标志物。

[629] Carboxymethyl Konjac Glucomannan Mechanically Reinforcing Gellan Gum Microspheres for Uranium Removal International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2020, 145: 535-546. Biosorbents have been a promising adsorbent to remove uranium while their poor mechanical properties prevent them from being widely used in practice. In this study, carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan (CMKGM) was incorporated to gellan gum to form a double-network gel micro spheres (CMKGM/GG-Al) for uranium removal with its mechanical strength fairly being reinforced. The compressive strength of the CMKGM/GG-Al microspheres was about 6 times than that of GG-Ca microspheres we prepared before while the adsorption capacity still be at a better value with the fitting maximum adsorption capacity being of 97.94 mg/g. Its uranium adsorption properties were investigated by considering the influence of pH, the adsorbent dosage, temperature, initial uranium concentration, time and coexisting ions. The adsorption mechanism was also investigated according to the SEM, EDX, FT-IR and XPS data analysis. The isotherm equilibrium data which were best fitted with Langmuir model and the kinetics data which were best fitted with pseudo-second-order model. It was inferred that the adsorption process was mainly the ion-exchange and the coordination with hydroxyl groups on the adsorbent surface and the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. The CMKGM/GG-Al microspheres prepared in this study would be more conducive to practical application for uranium removal.
[629] 羧甲基魔芋甘露聚糖机械增强海藻酸钙微球用于铀去除 国际生物大分子杂志，2020，145：535-546。生物吸附剂在去除铀方面具有广阔的应用前景，但它们的较差的机械性能限制了它们在实际应用中的广泛应用。在本研究中，将羧甲基魔芋甘露聚糖（CMKGM）与海藻酸钙结合，形成双网络凝胶微球（CMKGM/GG-Al），用于铀去除，其机械强度得到了显著增强。CMKGM/GG-Al 微球的抗压强度约为我们之前制备的 GG-Ca 微球的 6 倍，而吸附容量仍保持在较高水平，最大吸附容量为 97.94 mg/g。通过考虑 pH 值、吸附剂用量、温度、初始铀浓度、时间和共存离子的影响，研究了其铀吸附性能。根据扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDX）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和 X 射线光电子能谱（XPS）数据分析，还研究了其吸附机理。 等温平衡数据与 Langmuir 模型拟合最佳，动力学数据与伪二级模型拟合最佳。推断吸附过程主要是离子交换和吸附剂表面羟基的配位，吸附过程是吸热和自发的。本研究制备的 CMKGM/GG-Al 微球对铀的去除更有利于实际应用。

[630] Mesoscale Bicontinuous Networks in Self-Healing Hydrogels Delay Fatigue Fracture Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020, 117(14): 7606-7612. Load-bearing biological tissues, such as muscles, are highly fatigue-resistant, but how the exquisite hierarchical structures of biological tissues contribute to their excellent fatigue resistance is not well understood. In this work, we study antifatigue properties of soft materials with hierarchical structures using polyampholyte hydrogels (PA gels) as a simple model system. PA gels are tough and self-ealing, consisting of reversible ionic bonds at the 1-nm scale, a cross-linked polymer network at the 10-nm scale, and bicontinuous hard/soft phase networks at the 100-nm scale. We find that the polymer network at the 10-nm scale determines the threshold of energy release rate G(0) above which the crack grows, while the bicontinuous phase networks at the 100-nm scale significantly decelerate the crack advance until a transition G(tran) far above G(0). In situ small-angle X-ray scattering analysis reveals that the hard phase network suppresses the crack advance to show decelerated fatigue fracture, and G(tran) corresponds to the rupture of the hard phase network.
[630] 自修复水凝胶中的亚微米级双连续网络延缓疲劳断裂《美国国家科学院院刊》，2020，117(14)：7606-7612。承重生物组织，如肌肉，具有高度的疲劳抗性，但生物组织的精致分层结构如何有助于其优异的疲劳抗性尚不清楚。在这项工作中，我们使用聚两性离子水凝胶（PA 凝胶）作为简单模型系统，研究了具有分层结构的软材料的抗疲劳特性。PA 凝胶具有韧性和自修复性，由 1 纳米尺度的可逆离子键、10 纳米尺度的交联聚合物网络和 100 纳米尺度的双连续硬/软相网络组成。我们发现，10 纳米尺度的聚合物网络决定了能量释放率 G(0)的阈值，超过该阈值裂纹开始生长，而 100 纳米尺度的双连续相网络显著减缓裂纹的扩展，直到远高于 G(0)的过渡 G(tran)。 原位小角 X 射线散射分析揭示，硬相网络抑制了裂纹扩展，表现出减速疲劳断裂，G(tran)对应于硬相网络的断裂。

[631] Adsorption Materials for Volatile Organic Compounds (Vocs) and the Key Factors for Vocs Adsorption Process: A Review Separation and Purification Technology, 2020, 235. Volatile organic compounds are harmful to the environment and human health. Adsorption technology has been used to VOCs abatement for over 30 years and has proven to be an effective technology. This work provides a critical review of the recent research developments of VOCs adsorption materials and the key factors controlling the VOCs adsorption process. The average specific surface area, pore volume and VOCs adsorption capacity of different adsorption materials are metal organic frameworks (MOFs) > activated carbons (ACs) > hypercrosslinked polymeric resin (HPR) > zeolites. The mechanism of VOCs adsorption in adsorbent mainly includes electrostatic attraction, interaction between polar VOCs and hydrophilic sites, interaction between non-polar VOCs and hydrophobic sites, and partition in non-carbonized portion. With the specific surface area, pore volume, and surface chemical functional groups increase and the pore size decreases, the adsorption capacity increases. The volume of narrow micropores (size < 0.7 nm) controls the adsorption of VOCs. In addition, methods of activation and surface modification for improving the adsorption capacity of VOCs are discussed. The development of targeted modified adsorption materials and new adsorption materials and reduction of production costs of adsorption materials are especially important in future research.
[631] 挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）吸附材料及其吸附过程的关键因素：综述 分离与纯化技术，2020，235。挥发性有机化合物对环境和人类健康有害。吸附技术已被用于 VOCs 减排超过 30 年，并已被证明是一种有效的技术。这项工作对 VOCs 吸附材料最近的研究进展及其吸附过程的关键控制因素进行了批判性综述。不同吸附材料的平均比表面积、孔体积和 VOCs 吸附能力为：金属有机框架（MOFs）> 活性炭（ACs）> 超交联聚合物树脂（HPR）> 分子筛。吸附剂中 VOCs 吸附的机理主要包括静电吸引、极性 VOCs 与亲水位点的相互作用、非极性 VOCs 与疏水位点的相互作用，以及非碳化部分的分配。随着比表面积、孔体积和表面化学官能团的增加以及孔径的减小，吸附能力增加。 窄微孔（尺寸<0.7 nm）的体积控制 VOCs 的吸附。此外，还讨论了提高 VOCs 吸附容量的活化方法和表面改性方法。未来研究中，开发针对性改性吸附材料、新型吸附材料以及降低吸附材料的生产成本尤为重要。

[632] Bioinspired Sensor Chip for Detection of Mirna-21 Based on Photonic Crystals Assisted Cyclic Enzymatic Amplification Method Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 2020, 150. Cancer, as the most invasive disease in the world, has led to an increasing amount of death year by year, so it is highly desired to develop a portable device to monitor the aberrant expression of biomarker in cancer patient. Here, we present a bio-photonic periodic nanostructures sensor chip assisted cyclic enzymatic amplification method to detect miRNA-21 with a detection limit of 55 fM. By employing biocompatible polydopamine nanospheres (PDANs) and DNaselto construct an target-recycling amplification process on the photonic crystals, the output fluorescence signal can be strengthened selectively and short amplification time is needed. Benefiting from the synergy of the enhancement of photonic crystals and enzymatic cycle amplification, we realize high sensitivity detection of miRNA-21 with a detection range of 1 pM-10 nM and a detection limit of about four orders of magnitudes lower than the method employs no amplification, showing an expectable prospect in the early diagnosis of cancer.
基于光子晶体辅助循环酶放大法的生物启发传感器芯片，用于检测 mirna-21，《生物传感器与生物电子学》，2020，150。癌症作为世界上最具侵略性的疾病，每年导致死亡人数不断增加，因此开发一种便携式设备来监测癌症患者生物标志物的异常表达变得极为迫切。在此，我们提出了一种生物光子周期性纳米结构传感器芯片，辅助循环酶放大法检测 miRNA-21，检测限为 55 fM。通过使用生物相容性多巴胺纳米球（PDANs）和 DNasel 在光子晶体上构建目标循环放大过程，可以选择性增强输出荧光信号，并且需要短时间放大。得益于光子晶体增强和酶循环放大的协同作用，我们实现了 miRNA-21 的高灵敏度检测，检测范围为 1 pM-10 nM，检测限比无放大方法低约四个数量级，在癌症的早期诊断中展现出可期待的前景。

[633] Tyrosine–Edc Conjugation, an Undesirable Side Effect of the Edc-Catalyzed Carboxyl Labeling Approach Analytical Chemistry, 2020, 93(2): 697-703. Carbodiimide-catalyzed carboxyl and amine conjugation (amidation) has been widely used to protect carboxyl groups. N-(3-(Dimethylamino)propyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) is the most common carbodiimide reagent in protein chemistry due to its high catalytic efficiency in aqueous media. The reaction has also been applied in different proteomic studies including protein terminomics, glycosylation, and interaction. Herein, we report that the EDC-catalyzed amidation could cause a +155 Da side modification on the tyrosine residue and severely hamper the identification of Tyr-containing peptides. We revealed the extremely low identification rate of Tyr-containing peptides in different published studies employing the EDC-catalyzed amidation. We discovered a +155 Da side modification occurring specifically on Tyr and decoded it as the addition of EDC. Consideration of the side modification in a database search enabled the identification of 13 times more Tyr-containing peptides. Furthermore, we successfully developed an efficient method to remove the side modification. Our results also imply that chemical reactions in proteomic studies should be carefully evaluated prior to their wide applications. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD020042.
[633] 酪氨酸-Edc 偶联，Edc 催化的羧基标记方法的不希望出现的副作用 分析化学，2020，93(2)：697-703。羰二亚胺催化的羧基和胺偶联（酰胺化）已被广泛用于保护羧基。N-(3-(二甲氨基)丙基)-N'-乙基羰二亚胺（EDC）是蛋白质化学中最常见的羰二亚胺试剂，因为它在水相中的催化效率很高。该反应也已被应用于不同的蛋白质组学研究，包括蛋白质末端组学、糖基化和相互作用。在此，我们报告了 EDC 催化的酰胺化可能导致酪氨酸残基上出现+155 Da 的侧修饰，并严重阻碍了含酪氨酸肽的鉴定。我们发现，在不同已发表的采用 EDC 催化的酰胺化方法的研究中，含酪氨酸肽的鉴定率极低。我们发现了一种仅在酪氨酸上发生的+155 Da 的侧修饰，并将其解码为 EDC 的添加。在数据库搜索中考虑这种侧修饰使得鉴定含酪氨酸肽的数量增加了 13 倍。 此外，我们成功开发了一种有效去除侧链修饰的方法。我们的结果还表明，在蛋白质组学研究中的化学反应在广泛应用之前应仔细评估。数据可通过 ProteomeXchange 获取，标识符为 PXD020042。

[634] Graphene Hybrid Anisotropic Structural Color Film for Cardiomyocytes' Monitoring Advanced Functional Materials, 2020, 30(3). Heart-on-a-chip based on microfluidic platform can simulate the structure and reveal the function of heart at the micrometer level, compensating the gap between organism and experiments in vitro. In this paper, a novel heart-on-a-chip system integrated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrid anisotropic structural color film is designed for cardiac sensing and evaluation. This hybrid anisotropic film is based on the opposite adhesion properties of the polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA). The PEGDA area with low adhesion rate has inverse opal structure and specific reflection peak, while microgroove-patterned rGO-doped GelMA area with high adhesion rate provides the cardiomyocytes with excellent growing environment and induced orientation property. Benefiting from the design, the cultured cardiomyocytes only adhere in specific area without affecting the surface microstructure of the structural color. When cardiomyocytes recover beating, its elongation and contraction will stretch the structure of PEGDA and result in a color shift, which realizes the transformation from micromechanics to macroscopic optics. In addition, the heart-on-a-chip system based on the anisotropic structural color hydrogels and microfluidics provides an outstanding visible method for cardiac sensing, which is of great significance in cardiac pathophysiological studies and drug detection in vitro.
[634] 基于微流控平台的“心脏在芯片”可以模拟心脏在微米级别的结构和功能，弥补了在体与体外实验之间的差距。本文设计了一种新型“心脏在芯片”系统，集成了还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）混合各向异性结构色薄膜，用于心脏传感和评估。该混合各向异性薄膜基于聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯（PEGDA）和明胶甲基丙烯酰（GelMA）相反的粘附特性。低粘附率的 PEGDA 区域具有逆光学晶体结构和平坦的反射峰，而高粘附率的微凹图案 rGO 掺杂 GelMA 区域为心肌细胞提供了优良的培育环境和诱导取向特性。得益于该设计，培养的心肌细胞仅在特定区域粘附，不影响结构色的表面微结构。 当心肌细胞恢复跳动时，其伸长和收缩会拉伸 PEGDA 的结构，导致颜色变化，从而实现从微观力学到宏观光学的转变。此外，基于各向异性结构色水凝胶和微流体的芯片上心脏系统为心脏传感提供了一种卓越的可见方法，这在心脏病理生理学研究以及在体外进行药物检测中具有重要意义。

[635] Photoresponsive Shape Memory Hydrogels for Complex Deformation and Solvent-Driven Actuation ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2020, 12(5): 6407-6418. A new design for photoresponsive shape memory hydrogels and their possible applications are demonstrated in the present study. We show that the photodissociable Fe3+-carboxylate coordination can be utilized as a molecular switch to realize photocontrol of shape memory on both macroscopic and microscopic scales and enable a number of functions. Indeed, Fe3+-carboxylate coordination can fix a large tensile strain (up to 680%) of the sodium alginate/polyacrylamide hydrogel through cross-linking of sodium alginate chains, and subsequent UV irradiation allows strain energy release in spatially selected regions through reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+. By manipulating light irradiation, complex 3D structures are obtained from 2D hydrogel sheets, and they exhibit complex solvent-driven actuation behaviors due to a light-changeable modulus and cross-linking density in the hydrogel. Based on the same approach, micropatterns can be inscribed on the hydrogel surface using mask-assisted irradiation, and they exhibit chain orientation-mediated anisotropic topography change upon solvent exchange. Moreover, light-controlled strain energy release also enables changing hydrogel surface wettability by solvent replacement. The demonstrated mechanism for photoresponsive hydrogels is highly efficient and applicable to many systems, which offers new perspectives in developing hydrogels with multiple photoresponsive functions.
[635] 光响应形状记忆水凝胶用于复杂变形和溶剂驱动驱动 ACS 应用材料与界面，2020，12(5)：6407-6418。本研究展示了光响应形状记忆水凝胶的新设计和其可能的用途。我们表明，光解离的 Fe3+-羧酸盐配位可以作为一种分子开关，在宏观和微观尺度上实现形状记忆的光控制，并使许多功能得以实现。实际上，Fe3+-羧酸盐配位可以通过交联海藻酸钠链将海藻酸钠/聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶固定在一个大的拉伸应变（高达 680%）中，随后通过将 Fe3+还原为 Fe2+，通过紫外照射在空间选定的区域释放应变能量。通过操控光照射，从二维水凝胶薄片获得复杂的 3D 结构，并且由于水凝胶中光可变模量和交联密度的变化，它们表现出复杂的溶剂驱动驱动行为。 基于相同的方法，可以使用掩模辅助辐照在水凝胶表面刻制微图案，它们在溶剂交换时表现出链取向介导的各向异性形貌变化。此外，通过溶剂替换控制的光致应变能量释放也能改变水凝胶表面的润湿性。所展示的光响应水凝胶的机制非常高效，适用于许多系统，为开发具有多种光响应功能的水凝胶提供了新的视角。

[636] Recent Progress on the Diagnosis of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 2020, 67(4): 1485-1491. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global pandemic. Therefore, convenient, timely, and accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 is urgently needed. Here, we review the types, characteristics, and shortcomings of various detection methods, as well as perspectives for the SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. Clinically, nucleic acid-based methods are sensitive but prone to false positive. The antibody-based method has slightly lower sensitivity but higher accuracy. Therefore, it is suggested to combine the two methods to improve the detection accuracy of COVID-19.
[636] 2019 新型冠状病毒跨边界和新兴疾病诊断的近期进展，2020，67(4)：1485-1491。由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 型（SARS-CoV-2）引起的冠状病毒病 2019（COVID-19）已成为全球大流行。因此，方便、及时、准确检测 SARS-CoV-2 的需求迫切。在此，我们回顾了各种检测方法的类型、特性和不足，以及 SARS-CoV-2 诊断的展望。临床上，基于核酸的方法灵敏度高但易出现假阳性。基于抗体的方法灵敏度略低但准确性更高。因此，建议结合两种方法以提高 COVID-19 的检测准确性。

[637] Mechanochromics of Stretchable Nano Metasurfaces: Non-Close-Packed Hexagonal Lattices and Tunable Structural Coloration Applied Physics Express, 2020, 13(1). Under the bio-mechanism of a chameleon's color change, in this letter, a 2D nano metasurface, mechanical-strain-actuated photonic crystal, is proposed. The lattice, a nano hexagon with non-close-packed cylinder holes, is analyzed via a mechanochromic coupling model and plane wave transmission to verify the optical structural color in strain. The metasurface material was fabricated by soft lithography on a stretchable substrate. The strain versus reflectivity spectra were measured, showing a full visible range color change, at a strain of 29%. The RGB colors in the strained state were maintained after 2000 repeated loading/unloading cycles, illustrating fatigue insensitivity. (c) 2019 The Japan Society of Applied Physics
[637] 可拉伸纳米超表面的机械着色：非密堆积六角晶格和可调结构色——应用物理快报，2020，13(1)。在变色龙颜色变化的生物力学机制下，在这封信中，提出了一种二维纳米超表面，机械应变驱动的光子晶体。通过机械着色耦合模型和平面波传输分析了一个具有非密堆积圆柱孔的纳米六角晶格，以验证应变中的光学结构色。超表面材料通过在可拉伸基板上进行软光刻制备。测量了应变与反射率光谱，显示在 29%的应变下发生全可见光谱颜色变化。在应变状态下，RGB 颜色在 2000 次重复加载/卸载循环后保持不变，说明了疲劳不敏感性。（c）2019 日本应用物理学会

[638] Serological Approaches for Covid-19: Epidemiologic Perspective on Surveillance and Control Frontiers in Immunology, 2020, 11: 879-879. Since December 2019, the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has garnered global attention due to its rapid transmission, which has infected more than two million people worldwide. Early detection of SARS-CoV-2 is one of the crucial interventions to control virus spread and dissemination. Molecular assays have been the gold standard to directly detect for the presence of viral genetic material in infected individuals. However, insufficient viral RNA at the point of detection may lead to false negative results. As such, it is important to also employ immune-based assays to determine one's exposure to SARS-CoV-2, as well as to assist in the surveillance of individuals with prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Within a span of 4 months, extensive studies have been done to develop serological systems to characterize the antibody profiles, as well as to identify and generate potentially neutralizing antibodies during SARS-CoV-2 infection. The vast diversity of novel findings has added value to coronavirus research, and a strategic consolidation is crucial to encompass the latest advances and developments. This review aims to provide a concise yet extensive collation of current immunoassays for SARS-CoV-2, while discussing the strengths, limitations and applications of antibody detection in SARS-CoV-2 research and control.
血清学方法在 Covid-19 中的应用：从流行病学角度探讨监测与控制前沿免疫学，2020，11：879-879。自 2019 年 12 月以来，由于传播迅速，新型冠状病毒 SARS-CoV-2 引起了全球关注，感染人数已超过两百万。SARS-CoV-2 的早期检测是控制病毒传播和扩散的关键干预措施之一。分子检测一直是直接检测感染个体中病毒遗传物质存在的金标准。然而，检测点病毒 RNA 不足可能导致假阴性结果。因此，重要的是还要采用基于免疫的检测方法来确定个体对 SARS-CoV-2 的暴露情况，以及协助监测先前接触过 SARS-CoV-2 的个体。在 4 个月的时间里，进行了广泛的研究，以开发血清学系统来表征抗体谱，以及识别和生成在 SARS-CoV-2 感染期间可能具有中和作用的抗体。 新颖发现的巨大多样性为冠状病毒研究增添了价值，战略性的整合至关重要，以涵盖最新的进展和发展。本综述旨在提供对当前 SARS-CoV-2 免疫检测的简洁而广泛的汇编，同时讨论抗体检测在 SARS-CoV-2 研究和控制中的优势、局限性和应用。

[639] Stimuli‐Responsive Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications Advanced Functional Materials, 2020, 31(8).
[639] 用于生物医学应用的刺激响应型纳米复合材料水凝胶，先进功能材料，2020，31(8)。

[640] Nanostructured Molecularly Imprinted Photonic Polymers for Sensing Applications Current Nanoscience, 2020, 16(4): 495-503. This review article focused on fabrication of sensors by using a combination of highly ordered photonic crystals and molecular imprinted polymers as artificial recognition materials. In this article, we have discussed fundamental principle of photonic crystals, various synthetic approaches and their use in sensing applications. Moreover, nanostructuring of recognition materials, by using photonic crystals, for sensor fabrication and sensing mechanism has also been discussed. Molecular imprinted photonic polymer layers have been applied for developing sensor devices for diverse analytes such as environmental toxins, nerve gas agents, explosives, drug molecules and others. A comprehensive comparison of molecular imprinted photonic polymers based sensor systems has also been summarized in the table which contains all the related information about colloidal structure, polymer system including monomer, cross-linker and initiator as well as target analytes. Finally, emerging strategies and current challenges involved in the design of more efficient molecular imprinted photonic sensors and their possible solutions are also briefly discussed.
纳米结构分子印迹光子聚合物在传感应用中的制备及其应用，当前纳米科学，2020，16(4)：495-503。本文综述了利用高度有序光子晶体和分子印迹聚合物作为人工识别材料制备传感器的工艺。在本文中，我们讨论了光子晶体的基本原理、各种合成方法及其在传感应用中的使用。此外，还讨论了利用光子晶体对识别材料进行纳米结构化，以用于传感器制备和传感机理。分子印迹光子聚合物层已应用于开发针对各种分析物（如环境毒素、神经毒气、爆炸物、药物分子等）的传感器设备。表中还总结了基于分子印迹光子聚合物的传感器系统，其中包含了所有关于胶体结构、聚合物系统（包括单体、交联剂和引发剂）以及目标分析物的相关信息。 最后，还简要讨论了设计更高效分子印迹光子传感器及其可能解决方案的兴起策略和当前挑战。

[641] Evaluation of a Rapid Diagnostic Assay for Detection of Sars-Cov-2 Antigen in Nasopharyngeal Swabs Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2020, 58(8). Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing causing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported for the first time in Wuhan (Hubei, China) in December 2019 (1, 2) and has become a major public health concern all over the world..
[641] 评估用于检测鼻咽拭子中 Sars-Cov-2 抗原的快速诊断试剂，《临床微生物学杂志》，2020，58(8)。严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2），导致冠状病毒病 2019（COVID-19）的病毒，首次于 2019 年 12 月在武汉（湖北，中国）被报道（1，2），并已成为全球公共卫生的重大关注。

[642] The Power of Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy in Supramolecular Chemistry: In Situ Real-Time Imaging of Stimuli-Responsive Multicomponent Supramolecular Hydrogels Chemistryopen, 2020, 9(1): 67-79. Multicomponent supramolecular hydrogels are promising scaffolds for applications in biosensors and controlled drug release due to their designer stimulus responsiveness. To achieve rational construction of multicomponent supramolecular hydrogel systems, their in-depth structural analysis is essential but still challenging. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) has emerged as a powerful tool for structural analysis of multicomponent supramolecular hydrogels. CLSM imaging enables real-time observation of the hydrogels without the need of drying and/or freezing to elucidate their static and dynamic properties. Through multiple, selective fluorescent staining of materials of interest, multiple domains formed in supramolecular hydrogels (e. g. inorganic materials and self-sorting nanofibers) can also be visualized. CLSM and the related microscopic techniques will be indispensable to investigate complex life-inspired supramolecular chemical systems.
共聚焦激光扫描显微镜在超分子化学中的应用：刺激响应多组分超分子水凝胶的原位实时成像——Chemistryopen，2020，9(1)：67-79。多组分超分子水凝胶由于其设计刺激响应性，有望成为生物传感器和药物控制释放应用的支架。为了实现多组分超分子水凝胶系统的理性构建，对其深入的结构分析至关重要，但仍具挑战性。共聚焦激光扫描显微镜（CLSM）已成为多组分超分子水凝胶结构分析的有力工具。CLSM 成像允许在不需干燥和/或冷冻的情况下实时观察水凝胶，以阐明其静态和动态特性。通过针对感兴趣材料的多次选择性荧光染色，超分子水凝胶中形成的多个区域（例如无机材料和自排序纳米纤维）也可以被可视化。CLSM 和相关显微镜技术对于研究复杂的生命启发性超分子化学系统将是不可或缺的。

[643] Control of Seed Formation Allows Two Distinct Self-Sorting Patterns of Supramolecular Nanofibers Nature Communications, 2020, 11(1). Self-sorting double network hydrogels comprising orthogonal supramolecular nanofibers have attracted attention as artificially-regulated multi-component systems. Regulation of network patterns of self-sorted nanofibers is considered as a key for potential applications such as optoelectronics, but still challenging owing to a lack of useful methods to prepare and analyze the network patterns. Herein, we describe the selective construction of two distinct self-sorting network patterns, interpenetrated and parallel, by controlling the kinetics of seed formation with dynamic covalent oxime chemistry. Confocal imaging reveals the interpenetrated self-sorting network was formed upon addition of O-benzylhydroxylamine to a benzaldehyde-tethered peptide-type hydrogelator in the presence of lipid-type nanofibers. We also succeed in construction of a parallel self-sorting network through deceleration of seed formation using a slow oxime exchange reaction. Through careful observation, the formation of peptide-type seeds and nanofibers is shown to predominantly occur on the surface of the lipid-type nanofibers via highly dynamic and thermally-fluctuated processes.
[643] 通过控制种子形成的动力学，利用动态共价肟化学构建两种不同的自排序网络模式，即互穿和并行，允许超分子纳米纤维形成两种独特的自排序模式。正交超分子纳米纤维组成的自排序双网络水凝胶作为人工调控的多组分系统引起了关注。调节自排序纳米纤维的网络模式被认为是光电子学等潜在应用的关键，但由于缺乏制备和分析网络模式的有用方法，这仍然是一个挑战。在此，我们描述了通过控制种子形成的动力学，利用动态共价肟化学选择性地构建两种不同的自排序网络模式，即互穿和并行。共聚焦成像揭示，在脂质型纳米纤维存在下向苯甲醛连接的肽型水凝胶添加 O-苄基羟胺时形成了互穿的自排序网络。我们还通过使用慢肟交换反应减缓种子形成，成功地构建了一个平行的自排序网络。 通过仔细观察，发现肽型种子和纳米纤维的形成主要发生在脂质型纳米纤维的表面，这是通过高度动态和温度波动的过程实现的。

[644] Force Generation by a Propagating Wave of Supramolecular Nanofibers Nature Communications, 2020, 11(1): 3541. Dynamic spatiotemporal patterns that arise from out-of-equilibrium biochemical reactions generate forces in living cells. Despite considerable recent efforts, rational design of spatiotemporal patterns in artificial molecular systems remains at an early stage of development. Here, we describe force generation by a propagating wave of supramolecular nanofibers. Inspired by actin dynamics, a reaction network is designed to control the formation and degradation of nanofibers by two chemically orthogonal stimuli. Real-time fluorescent imaging successfully visualizes the propagating wave based on spatiotemporally coupled generation and collapse of nanofibers. Numerical simulation indicates that the concentration gradient of degradation stimulus and the smaller diffusion coefficient of the nanofiber are critical for wave emergence. Moreover, the force (0.005 pN) generated by chemophoresis and/or depletion force of this propagating wave can move nanobeads along the wave direction. The rational design of spatiotemporal patterns in artificial molecular systems remains at an early stage of development. Here, the authors design a reaction network to control the formation and degradation of nanofibers by orthogonal chemical stimuli and describe force generation by a propagating wave of supramolecular nanofibers.
[644] 超分子纳米纤维传播波产生的力 Nature Communications，2020，11(1)：3541。由非平衡生化反应产生的动态时空模式在活细胞中产生力。尽管近期做出了相当大的努力，但人工分子系统中时空模式的理性设计仍处于早期发展阶段。在此，我们描述了超分子纳米纤维传播波产生的力。受肌动蛋白动力学启发，设计了一个反应网络，通过两种化学正交刺激来控制纳米纤维的形成和降解。实时荧光成像成功可视化了基于纳米纤维时空耦合生成和坍塌的传播波。数值模拟表明，降解刺激的浓度梯度和纳米纤维较小的扩散系数对于波的出现至关重要。此外，由化学扩散和/或耗竭力产生的力（0.005 pN）可以使纳米微珠沿着波的方向移动。 人工分子系统中时空模式的理性设计仍处于早期发展阶段。在此，作者设计了一个反应网络，通过正交化学刺激控制纳米纤维的形成和降解，并描述了超分子纳米纤维传播波产生的力。

[645] Naturally Biomimicked Smart Shape Memory Hydrogels for Biomedical Functions Chemical Engineering Journal, 2020, 379. In recent periods, shape memory hydrogels (SMHs) have sought conjoint attention from industries as well as academia owing their intrinsic biocompatibility as well as biodegradability and their aptitude to undergo physical shape transition on exposure to extraneous stimuli, such as temperature, owing which they discover themselves employed in biomedical functions, extending from soft actuators to tissue engineering and drug delivery. Hydrogels exhibiting shape memory characteristic are intelligent, adaptable soft gels portraying propensity to mend either programmed or permanent temporal physical structures on exposure of extraneous stimuli like heat, pH, light etc. Over past decades, shape memory hydrogels have been efficiently consumed in biomedical engineering functions such as drug delivery, surgical sealants and tissue engineering because of their adaptability, enriched biocompatibility, and prospective biodegradability along with their wet and soft characteristics, analogous to that of human tissues. Shape memory hydrogels have been extensively explored and probed, however, no amalgamated information on their effective utilization in biomedical applications is available as such. In this review article, we systematically consolidate prevailing literature and briefly enumerate shape memory hydrogels based on their principles as well as their shape transitions in diverse environments, which significantly affects operational exploitations of shape memory hydrogels in copious biomedical engineering functions like drug delivery, tissue engineering and other potential applications. Concomitantly we also outline biocompatibility and biodegradability of shape memory hydrogels while highlighting their promising potential prior to their clinical adaptation in near future.
[645] 自然仿生智能形状记忆水凝胶在生物医药功能中的应用 化学工程学报，2020，379。近年来，由于形状记忆水凝胶（SMHs）本身具有生物相容性和生物降解性，以及在外界刺激（如温度）下能够发生物理形状转变的能力，因此它们受到了工业和学术界的共同关注。这使得它们在生物医药功能中的应用范围从软驱动器扩展到组织工程和药物输送。具有形状记忆特性的水凝胶是智能、适应性强的软凝胶，在外界刺激（如热、pH 值、光等）下具有修复程序化或永久性时间物理结构的能力。在过去几十年中，由于它们的适应性、增强的生物相容性、潜在的生物降解性以及湿软特性，类似于人体组织，形状记忆水凝胶在生物医药工程功能（如药物输送、手术密封剂和组织工程）中得到了有效应用。 形状记忆水凝胶已被广泛研究和探索，然而，关于它们在生物医学应用中的有效利用的综合性信息尚不可得。在这篇综述文章中，我们系统地综合了现有文献，并简要列举了基于其原理以及在各种环境中的形状转变的形状记忆水凝胶，这显著影响了形状记忆水凝胶在众多生物医学工程功能（如药物输送、组织工程和其他潜在应用）中的操作利用。同时，我们也概述了形状记忆水凝胶的生物相容性和生物降解性，并强调了它们在近期临床应用前的良好潜力。

[646] Tetracycline Removal by Double-Metal-Crosslinked Alginate/Graphene Hydrogels through an Enhanced Fenton Reaction Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2020, 382: 121060. Polymer hydrogel usually has limited catalytic activity and stability in Fenton catalysis. Here, we presented for the first time the preparation of a novel double-metal-crosslinked alginate hydrogel using graphene oxide to facilitate the Fe(II)/Fe(III) redox cycles. Five multivalent metal cations were used as crosslinkers to prepare different alginate-GO-M (Fe(III), Fe(II), La(III), Ce(III), and Co(II)), and the effects of assisted metal cations (La (III), Ce(III), and Co(II)) on different Fe(11) bimetallic alginate-GO-Fe-M(AG-Fe-M) complexes were investigated. Double-metal-crosslinked alginate-GO hydrogels can degrade tetracycline much faster during the initial 10 min than single-metal-crosslinked hydrogels. In addition, the release of iron from AG-Fe-Ce (10.59 ppm) was less than that from AG-Fe-Co (21.57 ppm) and AG-Fe-La (25.6 ppm) during the Fenton reaction. More importantly, the AG-Fe-Ce did not release TOC and maintained most of the catalytic activity after four reuse cycles, confirmed its excellent stability. For the treatment of raw water containing a high proportion of proteinaceous matter and tetracycline, the AG-Fe-Ce significantly reduced the molecular weight of the dissolved organic matter. We deduced that the humic acid and protein show good complexation ability to tetracycline, thereby reduced its bioavailability. This study provides new insights into the synthesis of polymer catalysts for water treatment.
[646] 通过增强芬顿反应，双金属交联海藻酸/石墨烯水凝胶去除四环素，《危险材料杂志》，2020，382：121060。聚合物水凝胶在芬顿催化中通常具有有限的催化活性和稳定性。在这里，我们首次提出了一种新型双金属交联海藻酸水凝胶的制备方法，使用氧化石墨烯来促进 Fe(II)/Fe(III)氧化还原循环。使用了五种多价金属阳离子作为交联剂来制备不同的海藻酸-氧化石墨烯-M（Fe(III)、Fe(II)、La(III)、Ce(III)和 Co(II)）水凝胶，并研究了辅助金属阳离子（La(III)、Ce(III)和 Co(II)）对不同的 Fe(III)双金属海藻酸-氧化石墨烯-Fe-M（AG-Fe-M）复合物的影响。双金属交联海藻酸-氧化石墨烯水凝胶在最初的 10 分钟内比单金属交联水凝胶降解四环素的速度快得多。此外，在芬顿反应中，从 AG-Fe-Ce（10.59 ppm）释放的铁少于从 AG-Fe-Co（21.57 ppm）和 AG-Fe-La（25.6 ppm）释放的铁。 更重要的是，AG-Fe-Ce 在经过四次循环使用后没有释放 TOC，并保持了大部分催化活性，证实了其优异的稳定性。对于含有高比例蛋白质物质和四环素的原始水处理，AG-Fe-Ce 显著降低了溶解有机物的分子量。我们推断腐殖酸和蛋白质对四环素具有良好的络合能力，从而降低了其生物利用度。本研究为水处理用聚合物催化剂的合成提供了新的见解。

[647] Anisotropic Double-Network Hydrogels Via Controlled Orientation of a Physical Sacrificial Network ACS Applied Polymer Materials, 2020, 2(6): 2350-2358. We report a method to create anisotropic double-network (DN) hydrogels, through the controlled orientation of a physical sacrificial network. A cross-linked polyacrylamide hydrogel is synthesized from a solution containing a semirigid anionic polyelectrolyte. Subsequently, the gel is stretched to orient the semirigid polyelectrolyte, which does not relax in the stretched state because of the high contour length in comparison to the mesh size of the polyacrylamide network. The polyelectrolyte is then physically cross-linked with a multivalent cation, ZrCl2O, to fix the anisotropy. Anisotropy was visualized by observing birefringence and quantified by small-angle X-ray scattering. By comparing the scattering in the oriented direction versus perpendicular to the oriented direction, a structural anisotropy factor was calculated. Uniaxial tensile testing was performed on samples of varying prestretch, both parallel and perpendicular to the stretching direction. Young's modulus, fracture stress, fracture strain, and work of extension were characterized, and the resulting mechanical anisotropy was compared to the structural anisotropy factor. We find that the anisotropy of Young's modulus and fracture stress is directly controlled by the anisotropy of the sacrificial network, while fracture strain and work of extension show little influence from structural anisotropy. The results of this work demonstrate that prestretching of a physical sacrificial network is a controllable and simple method to create anisotropic DN hydrogels.
通过控制物理牺牲网络的定向制备各向异性双网络水凝胶——ACS 应用聚合物材料，2020，2(6)：2350-2358。我们报道了一种通过控制物理牺牲网络的定向来制备各向异性双网络（DN）水凝胶的方法。从含有半刚性阴离子聚电解质溶液中合成了交联聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶。随后，将凝胶拉伸以定向半刚性聚电解质，由于与聚丙烯酰胺网络网孔尺寸相比具有高轮廓长度，因此在拉伸状态下不会松弛。然后，通过多价阳离子 ZrCl2O 物理交联聚电解质以固定各向异性。通过观察双折射来可视化各向异性，并通过小角 X 射线散射进行量化。通过比较定向方向与垂直于定向方向的散射，计算了一个结构各向异性因子。对具有不同预拉伸的样品进行了单轴拉伸测试，测试方向平行和垂直于拉伸方向。 杨氏模量、断裂应力、断裂应变和延伸功被表征，所得的机械各向异性与结构各向异性因子进行了比较。我们发现，杨氏模量和断裂应力的各向异性直接受牺牲网络的各向异性控制，而断裂应变和延伸功对结构各向异性的影响很小。这项工作的结果表明，预先拉伸物理牺牲网络是一种可控且简单的方法来创建各向异性 DN 水凝胶。

[648] Macroporous Hydrogels for Fast and Reversible Switching between Transparent and Structurally Colored States Advanced Functional Materials, 2020, 30(22): 2001318. Colloidal crystals have been used for creating stimuli-responsive photonic materials. Here, macroporous hydrogels are designed, through a simple and reproducible protocol, that rapidly and reversibly switch between highly transparent and structurally colored states. The macroporous hydrogels are prepared by film-casting photocurable dispersions of silica particles in hydrogel-forming resins and selectively removing silica particles. The silica particles spontaneously form a nonclose-packed array due to repulsive interparticle interaction, which form the regular array of cavities after removal. However, the cavities are randomly collapsed by drying, losing a long-range order and rendering the materials highly transparent. When the hydrogels are swollen by either water, ethanol, or the mixture, the regular array is restored, which develops brilliant structural colors. This switching is completed in tens of seconds and repeatable without any hysteresis. The resonant wavelength depends on the composition of the water-ethanol mixture, where the dramatic shift occurs in one-component-rich mixtures due to the composition of the hydrogel. Micropatterns can be designed to have distinct domains of the macroporous hydrogels, which are transparent at the dried state and disclose encrypted graphics and unique reflectance spectra at the wet state. This class of solvent-responsive photonic hydrogels is potentially useful for alcohol sensors and user-interactive anti-counterfeiting materials.
[648] 大孔水凝胶实现透明与结构着色状态之间的快速可逆切换 高性能材料，2020，30（22）：2001318。胶体晶体已被用于制备刺激响应光子材料。在此，通过简单且可重复的方案设计了大孔水凝胶，该水凝胶能够快速且可逆地在高度透明和结构着色状态之间切换。大孔水凝胶是通过在凝胶形成树脂中光固化二氧化硅颗粒的薄膜浇铸法制备的，并通过选择性去除二氧化硅颗粒。由于颗粒间的排斥相互作用，二氧化硅颗粒自发形成非紧密堆积阵列，去除后形成规则的腔体阵列。然而，干燥过程中腔体随机坍塌，失去长程有序性，使材料变得高度透明。当水凝胶被水、乙醇或混合物膨胀时，规则阵列得以恢复，从而产生鲜艳的结构颜色。这种切换在几十秒内完成，且无滞后性，可重复进行。 共振波长取决于水-乙醇混合物的组成，由于水凝胶的组成，在单组分丰富的混合物中发生显著变化。可以设计微图案，使其具有宏观多孔水凝胶的特定区域，干燥状态下透明，湿润状态下揭示加密图形和独特的反射光谱。这类溶剂响应性光子水凝胶在酒精传感器和用户交互式防伪材料方面可能具有潜在用途。

[649] Macroporous Hydrogels for Fast and Reversible Switching between Transparent and Structurally Colored States Advanced Functional Materials, 2020, 30(22): 2001318-2001327. Colloidal crystals have been used for creating stimuli-responsive photonic materials. Here, macroporous hydrogels are designed, through a simple and reproducible protocol, that rapidly and reversibly switch between highly transparent and structurally colored states. The macroporous hydrogels are prepared by film-casting photocurable dispersions of silica particles in hydrogel-forming resins and selectively removing silica particles. The silica particles spontaneously form a nonclose-packed array due to repulsive interparticle interaction, which form the regular array of cavities after removal. However, the cavities are randomly collapsed by drying, losing a long-range order and rendering the materials highly transparent. When the hydrogels are swollen by either water, ethanol, or the mixture, the regular array is restored, which develops brilliant structural colors. This switching is completed in tens of seconds and repeatable without any hysteresis. The resonant wavelength depends on the composition of the water-ethanol mixture, where the dramatic shift occurs in one-component-rich mixtures due to the composition of the hydrogel. Micropatterns can be designed to have distinct domains of the macroporous hydrogels, which are transparent at the dried state and disclose encrypted graphics and unique reflectance spectra at the wet state. This class of solvent-responsive photonic hydrogels is potentially useful for alcohol sensors and user-interactive anti-counterfeiting materials.
[649] 大孔水凝胶实现透明与结构着色状态之间的快速可逆切换 高性能材料，2020，30（22）：2001318-2001327。胶体晶体已被用于制备刺激响应光子材料。在此，通过简单且可重复的方案设计了大孔水凝胶，该水凝胶能够快速且可逆地在高度透明和结构着色状态之间切换。大孔水凝胶是通过在凝胶形成树脂中光固化二氧化硅颗粒的薄膜浇铸法制备的，并通过选择性去除二氧化硅颗粒。由于颗粒间的排斥相互作用，二氧化硅颗粒自发形成非紧密堆积阵列，去除后形成规则的腔体阵列。然而，干燥过程中腔体随机坍塌，失去长程有序性，使材料变得高度透明。当水凝胶被水、乙醇或混合物膨胀时，规则阵列得以恢复，从而发展出鲜艳的结构颜色。这种切换在几十秒内完成，且可重复，没有滞后。 振荡波长取决于水-乙醇混合物的组成，其中由于水凝胶的组成，在单组分富集混合物中发生显著偏移。可以设计微图案，使其具有宏观多孔水凝胶的特定区域，干燥状态下透明，湿润状态下揭示加密图形和独特的反射光谱。这类溶剂响应性光子水凝胶在酒精传感器和用户交互式防伪材料方面具有潜在的应用价值。

[650] Inkjet‐Printed Composites for Room‐Temperature Voc Sensing: From Ink Formulation to Sensor Characterization Advanced Materials Technologies, 2020, 6(1).
[650] 室温气敏传感的喷墨打印复合材料：从墨水配方到传感器表征 高级材料技术，2020，6(1)。

[651] Spectroscopy as a Tool for Detection and Monitoring of Coronavirus (Covid-19) Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2020, 20(7): 647-649.
[651] 光谱学作为冠状病毒（COVID-19）检测和监测的工具 专家分子诊断评论，2020，20(7)：647-649。

[652] Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 in the Tears of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Eye, 2020, 34(7): 1220-1223. Objectives Since there are few reports on the ocular involvement of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, this study aimed to assess the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the tears of patients with COVID-19. Methods In this prospective case series, nasopharyngeal and tear sampling of 43 patients with severe COVID-19 were performed. The quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted to detect SARS-CoV-2. Ocular and systemic signs and symptoms were recorded from their medical history. Results The mean age of patients was 56 +/- 13 years. The average disease time from initiation of symptoms was 3.27 days, range: 1-7 days. Forty-one patients (95.3%) had fever at the time of sampling. Only one patient had conjunctivitis. Thirty (69.8%) nasopharyngeal and three (7%) tear samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2. The result of tear sample was positive in the patient with conjunctivitis. All patients with positive tear RT-PCR results had positive nasopharyngeal RT-PCR results. Conclusions Ocular manifestation was rare in this series of severe COVID-19 patients, however, 7% of the patients had viral RNA in their conjunctival secretions. Therefore, possibility of ocular transmission should be considered even in the absence of ocular manifestations.
[652] 在 2019 冠状病毒病（COVID-19）患者泪液中检测严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒-2，2020 年，34(7): 1220-1223。目的由于关于 COVID-19 患者眼部受累的报道很少，本研究旨在评估 COVID-19 患者泪液中严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒-2（SARS-CoV-2）的存在。方法在这项前瞻性病例系列研究中，对 43 例重症 COVID-19 患者的鼻咽部和泪液样本进行了采样。进行了定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）以检测 SARS-CoV-2。从他们的病史中记录了眼部和全身的体征和症状。结果患者的平均年龄为 56±13 岁。从症状开始到平均疾病时间为 3.27 天，范围：1-7 天。在采样时，41 名患者（95.3%）有发热。只有一名患者有结膜炎。30（69.8%）鼻咽部和 3（7%）泪液样本对 SARS-CoV-2 呈阳性。结膜炎患者的泪液样本检测结果为阳性。 所有阳性泪液 RT-PCR 检测结果的患者均具有阳性鼻咽部 RT-PCR 检测结果。结论：在这组严重 COVID-19 患者中，眼部表现罕见，然而，7%的患者结膜分泌物中存在病毒 RNA。因此，即使在没有眼部表现的情况下，也应考虑眼部传播的可能性。

[653] Design and Evaluation of Konjac Glucomannan-Based Bioactive Interpenetrating Network (Ipn) Scaffolds for Engineering Vascularized Bone Tissues International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2020, 143: 30-40. Synthetic bone grafts are being developed to overcome the limitations of conventional treatments for bone defects. In this study, we have fabricated bioactive binary and novel ternary interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) scaffolds using a combination of natural and synthetic polymers. The binary IPN scaffolds were prepared using Konjac glucomannan (KGM) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). In the novel ternary IPN scaffolds, polycaprolactone (PCL) was added to PVA and KGM. SEM images showed that these scaffolds were microporous with good interconnectivity. Compression testing confirmed that both the scaffolds are mechanically strong, with the ternary scaffolds having moduli comparable to the natural bone. In vitro cytocompatibility studies performed with NIH/3T3 fibroblasts cells and MG-63 osteosarcoma cells demonstrated the non-toxic and osseointegrating nature of the scaffolds. Confocal images confirmed that the cells migrated into the interconnected pores of the scaffolds. RT-PCR analysis showed that both binary and ternary scaffolds enhanced the expression of the major bone marker genes, viz., ALP, BMP-2, COLLAGEN-1, and OSTEOCALCIN. However, the expression of these osteogenic markers was significantly enhanced in the ternary scaffolds compared to the binary scaffolds. In vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay shows that these scaffolds possess excellent pro-angiogenic properties. Hence, these desirable biological properties, coupled with the suitable physicochemical properties, make these IPN scaffolds ideal for treating bone defects. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
[653] 姜黄胶甘露聚糖基生物活性互穿网络（Ipn）支架的设计与评价 国际生物大分子杂志，2020，143：30-40。合成骨移植正在开发中，以克服传统治疗骨缺损的局限性。在本研究中，我们采用天然和合成聚合物相结合的方法，制备了生物活性二元和新型三元互穿聚合物网络（IPN）支架。二元 IPN 支架采用姜黄胶甘露聚糖（KGM）和聚乙烯醇（PVA）制备。在新型三元 IPN 支架中，添加了聚己内酯（PCL）到 PVA 和 KGM 中。扫描电镜图像显示，这些支架具有微孔结构，具有良好的连通性。压缩测试证实，这两种支架都具有机械强度，三元支架的模量与天然骨相当。使用 NIH/3T3 成纤维细胞和 MG-63 骨肉瘤细胞进行的体外细胞相容性研究表明，这些支架具有无毒和骨整合的特性。 共聚焦图像证实细胞迁移到了支架相互连接的孔隙中。实时荧光定量 PCR 分析显示，二元和三元支架均增强了主要骨标记基因的表达，即 ALP、BMP-2、COLLAGEN-1 和骨钙素。然而，与二元支架相比，这些成骨标记物的表达在三元支架中显著增强。体内鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜（CAM）实验表明，这些支架具有优异的促血管生成特性。因此，这些理想的生物学特性，加上适宜的物理化学特性，使这些 IPN 支架成为治疗骨缺损的理想选择。（C）2019 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[654] Mechanochromic and Thermochromic Sensors Based on Graphene Infused Polymer Opals Advanced Functional Materials, 2020, 30(31): 2002473. High quality opal-like photonic crystals containing graphene are fabricated using evaporation-driven self-assembly of soft polymer colloids. A miniscule amount of pristine graphene within a colloidal crystal lattice results in the formation of colloidal crystals with a strong angle-dependent structural color and a stop band that can be reversibly shifted across the visible spectrum. The crystals can be mechanically deformed or can reversibly change color as a function of their temperature, hence their sensitive mechanochromic and thermochromic response make them attractive candidates for a wide range of visual sensing applications. In particular, it is shown that the crystals are excellent candidates for visual strain sensors or integrated time-temperature indicators which act over large temperature windows. Given the versatility of these crystals, this method represents a simple, inexpensive, and scalable approach to produce multifunctional graphene infused synthetic opals and opens up exciting applications for novel solution-processable nanomaterial based photonics.
基于石墨烯浸渗聚合物蛋白石的光子晶体机械色和热色传感器，先进功能材料，2020，30（31）：2002473。通过蒸发驱动的软聚合物胶体自组装制备了高质量类似蛋白石的光子晶体，其中含有石墨烯。在胶体晶体晶格中微量的原始石墨烯导致形成具有强烈角度依赖性结构色和可逆地跨越可见光谱的带阻的胶体晶体。这些晶体可以机械变形，或随温度变化可逆地改变颜色，因此它们敏感的机械色和热色响应使它们成为广泛视觉传感应用的理想候选者。特别是，研究表明这些晶体是视觉应变传感器或大温度窗口的集成时间-温度指示器的理想候选者。 鉴于这些晶体的多功能性，这种方法代表了一种简单、经济且可扩展的生产多功能石墨烯增强合成欧泊的方法，并为基于新型溶液处理纳米材料的 photonics 开辟了令人兴奋的应用前景。

[655] Diagnostic Value and Dynamic Variance of Serum Antibody in Coronavirus Disease 2019 International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2020, 94: 49-52. Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of serological testing and dynamic variance of serum antibody in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: This study retrospectively included 43 patients with a laboratory-confirmed infection and 33 patients with a suspected infection, in whom the disease was eventually excluded. The IgM/IgG titer of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay analysis. Results: Compared to molecular detection, the sensitivities of serum IgM and IgG antibodies to diagnose COVID-19 were 48.1% and 88.9%, and the specificities were 100% and 90.9%, respectively.In the COVID-19 group, the IgM-positive rate increased slightly at first and then decreased over time; in contrast, the IgG-positive rate increased to 100% and was higher than IgM at all times. The IgM-positive rate and titer were not significantly different before and after conversion to virus-negative. The IgG-positive rate was up to 90% and not significantly different before and after conversion to virus-negative. However, the median IgG titer after conversion to virus-negative was double that before, and the difference was significant. Conclusions: Viral serological testing is an effective means of diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The positive rate and titer variance of IgG are higher than those of IgM in COVID-19. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.
[655] 血清抗体在新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）中的诊断价值及动态变化 国际传染病杂志，2020，94：49-52。目的：研究血清学检测的诊断价值和血清抗体在 COVID-19 中的动态变化。方法：本研究回顾性纳入 43 例实验室确诊感染患者和 33 例疑似感染患者，最终排除疾病。通过化学发光免疫分析测定严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）的 IgM/IgG 滴度。结果：与分子检测相比，血清 IgM 和 IgG 抗体诊断 COVID-19 的敏感性分别为 48.1%和 88.9%，特异性分别为 100%和 90.9%。在 COVID-19 组中，IgM 阳性率最初略有上升，然后随时间下降；相反，IgG 阳性率上升至 100%，且始终高于 IgM。IgM 阳性率和滴度在转为病毒阴性前后无显著差异。 IgG 阳性率高达 90%，在转换为病毒阴性前后没有显著差异。然而，转换为病毒阴性后的 IgG 滴度中位数是之前的两倍，差异具有统计学意义。结论：病毒血清学检测是 SARS-CoV-2 感染的有效诊断手段。COVID-19 中 IgG 的阳性率和滴度变异性高于 IgM。（C）2020 作者（们）。由国际传染病学会代表，由 Elsevier Ltd 出版。

[656] Mechanically Strong, Tough, and Shape Deformable Poly(Acrylamide- -Vinylimidazole) Hydrogels Based on Cu Complexation ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2020, 12(39): 44205-44214. Shape deformable hydrogels have drawn great attention due to their wide applications as soft actuators. Here we report a novel kind of mechanically strong, tough, and shape deformable poly(acrylamide-co-vinylimidazole) [poly(AAm-co-VI)] hydrogel prepared by photoinitiated copolymerization and the followed immersing in a Cu2+ aqueous solution. Strong Cu2+ complexation with imidazole groups dramatically enhances the mechanical properties of the hydrogels, whose tensile strength, elastic modulus, toughness, and fracture energy reach up to 7.7 +/- 0.76 MPa, 15.4 +/- 1.2 MPa, 23.2 +/- 2.5 MJ m(-3), and 22.1 +/- 2.3 kJ m(-2), respectively. More impressively, shape deformation (bending) can be easily achieved by coating Cu2+ solution on one side of hydrogel strips. Furthermore, precise control of the shape deformation from 1D to 2D and 2D to 3D can be achieved by adjusting Cu2+ concentration, coating time, region, and one or two side(s) of hydrogel samples. The Cu2+ complexation provides a simple way to simultaneously improve the mechanical properties of hydrogels and enable them with shape deformability. The mechanically strong, tough, and shape deformable hydrogels might be a promising candidate for soft actuators.
机械强度高、韧性良好且可变形的聚(丙烯酰胺-乙烯基咪唑)水凝胶：基于 Cu 络合的 ACS 应用材料与界面，2020，12(39)：44205-44214。由于作为软执行器具有广泛的应用，形状变形水凝胶引起了极大的关注。在此，我们报道了一种新型机械强度高、韧性良好且可变形的聚(丙烯酰胺-共-乙烯基咪唑)[聚(AAm-co-VI)]水凝胶，通过光引发共聚反应制备，并随后浸入 Cu2+水溶液中。与咪唑基团强烈的 Cu2+络合显著提高了水凝胶的机械性能，其拉伸强度、弹性模量、韧性和断裂能分别高达 7.7 +/- 0.76 MPa、15.4 +/- 1.2 MPa、23.2 +/- 2.5 MJ m(-3)和 22.1 +/- 2.3 kJ m(-2)。更令人印象深刻的是，通过在凝胶条的一侧涂覆 Cu2+溶液，可以轻松实现形状变形（弯曲）。此外，通过调整 Cu2+浓度、涂层时间、区域和凝胶样品的一侧或两侧，可以实现从 1D 到 2D 和 2D 到 3D 的形状变形的精确控制。 Cu2+配合物提供了一种同时提高水凝胶机械性能并赋予其形状变形性的简单方法。机械强度高、韧性良好且可变形的水凝胶可能成为软执行器的有希望候选者。

[657] Controlled Release of Silver Ions from Agnps Using a Hydrogel Based on Konjac Glucomannan and Chitosan for Infected Wounds International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2020, 149: 148-157. Konjac glucomannan is a biocompatible polysaccharide with high medicinal potential. In this study, we prepared a hydrogel using an optimized crosslinking konjac glucomannan and chitosan. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were incorporated into the hydrogel to enhance its antimicrobial property. This nanocomposite hydrogel could absorb wound exudates due to its swelling ability, and showed self-healing property that enabled structure stability. Moreover, as a carrier, the hydrogel could modulate the release of silver ions burst, thereby reducing AgNPs cytotoxicity. Rats models with infected skin defects were used to assess wound healing. The results indicated that AgNPs hydrogels dressing could promote wound healing and reduce inflammatory response, exhibiting great clinical application potentials. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
[657] 利用基于魔芋甘露聚糖和壳聚糖的水凝胶从 Agnps 中控制释放银离子用于感染伤口 国际生物大分子杂志，2020，149: 148-157。魔芋甘露聚糖是一种具有高药用潜力的生物相容性多糖。在本研究中，我们制备了一种使用优化交联的魔芋甘露聚糖和壳聚糖的水凝胶。将银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）引入水凝胶中以提高其抗菌性能。这种纳米复合水凝胶由于其吸水膨胀能力，可以吸收伤口渗出物，并表现出自修复性能，从而实现结构稳定性。此外，作为载体，该水凝胶可以调节银离子的释放爆发，从而降低 AgNPs 的细胞毒性。使用感染皮肤缺陷的大鼠模型来评估伤口愈合。结果表明，AgNPs 水凝胶敷料可以促进伤口愈合并减少炎症反应，显示出巨大的临床应用潜力。（C）2020 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[658] Self‐Powered Humidity Sensor Using Chitosan‐Based Plasmonic Metal–Hydrogel–Metal Filters Advanced Optical Materials, 2020, 8(9): 1901932-1901938.
[658] 基于壳聚糖的等离子体金属-水凝胶-金属滤波器的自供电湿度传感器 高级光学材料，2020，8(9): 1901932-1901938。

[659] Highly Sensitive Detection of Sars-Cov-2 Rna by Multiplex Rrt-Pcr for Molecular Diagnosis of Covid-19 by Clinical Laboratories Clinica Chimica Acta, 2020, 507: 139-142. Background: The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) is used to confirm the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 by molecular diagnostic laboratories. We developed a multiplex rRT-PCR methodology for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Methods: Three genes were used for multiplex rRT-PCR: the Sarbecovirus specific E gene, the SARS-CoV-2 specific N gene, and the human ABL1 gene as an internal control. Results: Good correlation of C-q values was observed between the simplex and multiplex rRT-PCR methodologies. Low copies (< 25 copies/reaction) of SARS-CoV-2 RNA were detected by the novel multiplex rRT-PCR method. Conclusion: The proposed multiplex rRT-PCR methodology will enable highly sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, reducing reagent use and cost, and time required by clinical laboratory technicians.
[659] 高灵敏度检测 SARS-CoV-2 RNA 的倍增逆转录聚合酶链反应（rRT-PCR）用于临床实验室的 COVID-19 分子诊断，《临床化学杂志》，2020，507：139-142。背景：通过实时逆转录聚合酶链反应（rRT-PCR）检测 SARS-CoV-2 RNA，用于通过分子诊断实验室确认 COVID-19 的临床诊断。我们开发了一种用于检测 SARS-CoV-2 RNA 的倍增 rRT-PCR 方法。方法：使用三个基因进行倍增 rRT-PCR：Sarbecovirus 特异性 E 基因、SARS-CoV-2 特异性 N 基因以及人类 ABL1 基因作为内参。结果：单重和倍增 rRT-PCR 方法之间的 C-q 值具有良好的相关性。新型倍增 rRT-PCR 方法检测到 SARS-CoV-2 RNA 的低拷贝数（<25 拷贝/反应）。结论：所提出的倍增 rRT-PCR 方法将实现 SARS-CoV-2 RNA 的高灵敏度检测，减少试剂使用和成本，以及临床实验室技术人员所需的时间。

[660] Recent Developments of Colorimetric Mechanical Sensors Based on Polymer Composites Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2020, 8(35): 12036-12053. Colorimetric mechanical (force, pressure, strain, and impact) sensors allow naked-eye visualization of existing structural deformations of a system occurring upon application of a mechanical action. The combination of mechanochromic materials with polymers offers a practical approach to designing and fabricating these sensors. Polymers as matrices can tolerate a wide range of forces and permits reusability of the sensors. On the other hand, mechanochromic materials provide unique colour properties depending on the type of mechanical action. They have also been frequently employed for the quantification of mechanical forces. As an example, non-centrosymmetric crystals are combined with polymers for sensing impact forces. Structures with photoluminescence and scattering and plasmonic resonances can be used to fabricate strain and pressure responsive composite materials, respectively. This study reviews recent advances in colorimetric mechanical sensor systems prepared using polymers and inorganic and organic mechanochromic materials working under a wide range of forces.
[660] 基于聚合物复合材料的比色力学传感器最新进展，《材料化学 C》杂志，2020，8(35): 12036-12053。比色力学（力、压力、应变和冲击）传感器允许在施加机械作用时，用肉眼观察系统现有的结构变形。将机械着色材料与聚合物结合提供了一种设计和制造这些传感器的实用方法。聚合物作为基质可以承受广泛的力，并允许传感器的可重复使用。另一方面，机械着色材料根据机械作用类型提供独特的颜色特性。它们也常被用于机械力的量化。例如，非中心对称晶体与聚合物结合用于感知冲击力。具有光致发光、散射和等离子体共振的结构可用于分别制造应变和压力响应的复合材料。 本研究回顾了使用聚合物和无机及有机机械色变材料制备的色度计式机械传感器系统在广泛力范围内的最新进展。

[661] Optical Glucose Biosensor Based on Photonic Interpenetrating Polymer Network with Solid-State Cholesteric Liquid Crystal and Cationic Polyelectrolyte Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical, 2020, 316: 10. A patterned photonic array of dots with a photonic interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) structure consisting of intertwined photonic solid-state cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCsolid) and cationic polyelectrolyte networks was utilized for glucose detection. The photonic CLCsolid network was prepared using a reactive mesogen mixture (RMM 727, Merck) doped with the chiral dopant CB15(1), followed by ultraviolet (UV) curing and chiral dopant extraction. The networked cationic polyelectrolyte was prepared by infiltrating a monomer mixture of DMAEMA(2) and acrylic acid (AA) (85:15 mol%) and a crosslinker of TPGDA(3) into the extracted space of the CLCsolid network, UV curing under a photomask, washing the unreacted monomers outside the dots, and immobilizing the glucose oxidase (GOx) at the AA units via a coupling reaction with EDC4. The prepared patterned photonic dots display a clear pH response in terms of a redshift with decreasing pH because the intertwined poly (DMAEMA) (PDMAEMA) is a typical weak cationic polyelectrolyte which protonates and expands at pH values below its pK(b). Thus, the enzymatic reaction of GOx with glucose causes a decrease in pH, expansion of the PDMAEMA, and a redshift of the reflected photonic color. The optimized photonic optical sensor shows a linear range of 0.7-12 mM with a detection limit of 0.021 mM, superior selectivity, and excellent spike test results with real blood serum. The developed photonic IPN sensor is attractive because it is cost-effective, battery-free, and allows easy naked-eye optical detection without the need for sophisticated analytical instrumentation.
基于光子互穿聚合物网络、固态胆甾相液晶和阳离子聚电解质传感器和执行器的光学葡萄糖生物传感器 B-化学，2020，316：10. 采用由相互交织的光子固态胆甾相液晶（CLCsolid）和阳离子聚电解质网络组成的图案化光子阵列点阵结构，用于葡萄糖检测。光子 CLCsolid 网络采用掺杂手性掺杂剂 CB15(1)的反应性 Mesogen 混合物（RMM 727，Merck）制备，随后进行紫外（UV）固化并提取手性掺杂剂。通过将 DMAEMA(2)和丙烯酸（AA）（85:15 摩尔比）的单体混合物和交联剂 TPGDA(3)渗入 CLCsolid 网络的提取空间，在光掩模下进行紫外固化，清洗点阵外的未反应单体，并通过 EDC4 的偶联反应将葡萄糖氧化酶（GOx）固定在 AA 单元上，制备了网络化的阳离子聚电解质。 制备的图案化光子点在 pH 值降低时表现出明显的红移 pH 响应，因为相互缠绕的聚（DMAEMA）（PDMAEMA）是一种典型的弱阳离子聚电解质，在 pH 值低于其 pK(b)时质子化和膨胀。因此，GOx 与葡萄糖的酶促反应导致 pH 值下降，PDMAEMA 膨胀，反射光子颜色红移。优化的光子光学传感器显示 0.7-12 mM 的线性范围，检测限为 0.021 mM，具有优越的选择性和与真实血清的出色峰值测试结果。开发的 photonic IPN 传感器因其成本低、无需电池和无需复杂分析仪器即可进行裸眼光学检测而具有吸引力。

[662] Multifunctional Cellulose Nanocrystal Structural Colored Film with Good Flexibility and Water-Resistance International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2020, 149: 819-825. Chiral nematic cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) structural colored materials are the focus of extensive research in recent years on account of their unique helical structure and excellent optical properties. However, the general weak mechanical properties and poor water-resistance of CNC limit its utility. Here, we fabricated highly flexible, water-resistant chiral nematic CNC/Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate(PEGDA) composite films, which was realized by co-assembling CNC and PEGDA precursor then via UV curing to construct a three-dimensional crosslinking network. Due to the water stimulus-responsive feature of the CNC and PEGDA, the CNC/PEGDA (8/2) composite film could be used as a water-content detector, photonic paper. In addition, it could produce different crosslinking degrees by coating the PEGMA solution or not, which could be applied to an anti-counterfeit label. The composite film with excellent stability of cycles is expected to be a promising candidate in optical sensors, display, and security fields. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
多功能纤维素纳米晶体结构色薄膜具有良好的柔韧性和防水性 国际生物大分子杂志，2020，149：819-825. 由于其独特的螺旋结构和优异的光学性能，手性液晶纤维素纳米晶体（CNC）结构色材料近年来成为广泛研究的焦点。然而，CNC 的普遍弱机械性能和较差的防水性限制了其应用。在这里，我们制备了高度柔韧、防水的手性液晶 CNC/聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯（PEGDA）复合薄膜，这是通过共组装 CNC 和 PEGDA 前驱体，然后通过紫外线固化构建三维交联网络来实现的。由于 CNC 和 PEGDA 的水刺激响应特性，CNC/PEGDA（8/2）复合薄膜可以用作水分含量检测器、光子纸。此外，通过涂覆或不涂覆 PEGMA 溶液，它可以产生不同的交联程度，可用于防伪标签。 具有良好循环稳定性的复合薄膜有望成为光学传感器、显示和安防领域的有希望候选者。（C）2020 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[663] Operando Decoding of Chemical and Thermal Events in Commercial Na(Li)-Ion Cells Via Optical Sensors Nature Energy, 2020, 5(9): 674-683. Monitoring the dynamic chemical and thermal state of a cell during operation is crucial to making meaningful advancements in battery technology as safety and reliability cannot be compromised. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of incorporating optical fibre Bragg grating sensors into commercial 18650 cells. By adjusting fibre morphologies, wavelength changes associated with both temperature and pressure are decoupled with high accuracy, which allows tracking of chemical events such as solid electrolyte interphase formation and structural evolution. We also demonstrate how multiple sensors are used to determine the heat generated by the cell without resorting to microcalorimetry. Unlike with conventional isothermal calorimetry, the cell's heat capacity contribution is readily assessed, allowing for full parametrization of the thermal model. Collectively, these findings offer a scalable solution for screening electrolyte additives, rapidly identifying the best formation processes of commercial cells and designing battery thermal management systems with enhanced safety. Tracking a battery's chemical and thermal states during operation offers important information on its reliability and lifetime. Here the authors develop optical fibre sensors and decouple temperature and pressure variations in the measurements inside of batteries, allowing chemical and thermal events to be monitored with high accuracy.
[663] 通过光学传感器在商业 Na(Li)-离子电池中实时解码化学和热事件，Nature Energy，2020，5(9)：674-683。在电池运行过程中监测电池的动态化学和热状态对于在电池技术方面取得实质性进步至关重要，因为安全和可靠性不能妥协。在这里，我们展示了将光纤布拉格光栅传感器集成到商业 18650 电池中的可行性。通过调整光纤形态，与温度和压力相关的波长变化可以高精度地解耦，从而允许跟踪如固态电解质界面形成和结构演变等化学事件。我们还展示了如何使用多个传感器来确定电池产生的热量，而不需要使用微量热法。与传统的等温量热法不同，电池的热容贡献可以很容易地评估，从而可以对热模型进行完全参数化。 总体而言，这些发现为筛选电解质添加剂提供了一种可扩展的解决方案，快速识别商业电池的最佳形成过程，并设计具有增强安全性的电池热管理系统。在电池运行过程中跟踪其化学和热状态，提供了有关其可靠性和寿命的重要信息。在这里，作者开发了光纤传感器，并在电池内部的测量中解耦温度和压力变化，使得化学和热事件能够以高精度进行监测。

[664] Chitin-Based Double-Network Hydrogel as Potential Superficial Soft-Tissue-Repairing Materials Biomacromolecules, 2020, 21(10): 4220-4230. Chitin is a biopolymer, which has been proven to be a biomedical material candidate, yet the weak mechanical properties seriously limit their potentials. In this work, a chitin-based double-network (DN) hydrogel has been designed as a potential superficial repairing material. The hydrogel was synthesized through a double-network (DN) strategy composing hybrid regenerated chitin nanofiber (RCN)-poly (ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether) (PEGDE) as the first network and polyacrylamide (PAAm) as the second network. The hybrid RCN-PEGDE/PAAm DN hydrogel was strong and tough, possessing Young's modulus (elasticity) E 0.097 +/- 0.020 MPa, fracture stress sigma(f) 0.449 +/- 0.025 MPa, and work of fracture W-f 5.75 +/- 0.35 MJ.m(-3). The obtained DN hydrogel was strong enough for surgical requirements in the usage of soft tissue scaffolds. In addition, chitin endowed the DN hydrogel with good bacterial resistance and accelerated fibroblast proliferation, which increased the NIH3T3 cell number by nearly five times within 3 days. Subcutaneous implantation studies showed that the DN hydrogel did not induce inflammation after 4 weeks, suggesting a good biosafety in vivo. These results indicated that the hybrid RCN-PEGDE/PAAm DN hydrogel had great prospect as a rapid soft-tissue-repairing material.
[664] 基于几丁质的双网络水凝胶作为潜在表面软组织修复材料 生物大分子，2020，21(10)：4220-4230。几丁质是一种生物聚合物，已被证明是一种生物医学材料候选者，但其弱机械性能严重限制了其潜力。在本研究中，设计了一种基于几丁质的双网络（DN）水凝胶作为潜在的表面修复材料。该水凝胶通过双网络（DN）策略合成，由混合再生几丁质纳米纤维（RCN）-聚（乙二醇二缩水甘油醚）（PEGDE）作为第一网络和聚丙烯酰胺（PAAm）作为第二网络。混合 RCN-PEGDE/PAAm 双网络水凝胶具有强度和韧性，具有杨氏模量（弹性）E 0.097 +/- 0.020 MPa，断裂应力σ(f) 0.449 +/- 0.025 MPa，断裂功 W-f 5.75 +/- 0.35 MJ.m(-3)。获得的 DN 水凝胶强度足以满足软组织支架在手术应用中的要求。此外，几丁质赋予了 DN 水凝胶良好的抗菌性能和加速成纤维细胞增殖的能力，在 3 天内将 NIH3T3 细胞数量增加了近五倍。 皮下植入研究显示，DN 水凝胶在 4 周后未引起炎症，表明体内具有良好的生物安全性。这些结果表明，RCN-PEGDE/PAAm DN 水凝胶作为快速软组织修复材料具有广阔的应用前景。

[665] Advanced Fault Diagnosis for Lithium-Ion Battery Systems: A Review of Fault Mechanisms, Fault Features, and Diagnosis Procedures Ieee Industrial Electronics Magazine, 2020, 14(3): 65-91. Lithium (Li)-ion batteries have become the mainstream energy storage solution for many applications, such as electric vehicles (EVs) and smart grids. However, various faults in a Li-ion battery system (LIBS) can potentially cause performance degradation and severe safety issues. Developing advanced fault diagnosis technologies is becoming increasingly critical for the safe operation of LIBS. This article provides a comprehensive review of the mechanisms, features, and diagnosis of various faults in LIBSs, including internal battery faults, sensor faults, and actuator faults. Future trends in the development of fault diagnosis technologies for a safer battery system are presented and discussed.
[665] 锂离子电池系统高级故障诊断：故障机理、故障特征和诊断程序综述 IEEE 工业电子学杂志，2020，14(3)：65-91。锂（Li）离子电池已成为许多应用（如电动汽车（EV）和智能电网）的主流储能解决方案。然而，锂离子电池系统（LIBS）中存在的各种故障可能会引起性能下降和严重的安全问题。开发先进的故障诊断技术对于 LIBS 的安全运行变得越来越重要。本文全面综述了 LIBS 中各种故障的机理、特征和诊断，包括内部电池故障、传感器故障和执行器故障。讨论了故障诊断技术发展中的未来趋势，以实现更安全的电池系统。

[666] Rational Design and Latest Advances of Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogels for Wound Healing Biomaterials Science, 2020, 8(8): 2084-2101. Acute and chronic wounds cause severe physical trauma to patients and also bring an immense socio-economic burden. Hydrogels are considered to be effective wound dressings. Polysaccharides possessing distinctive properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and nontoxicity are promising candidates to structure hydrogels for wound healing. Polysaccharide-based hydrogels can provide suitable moisture for the wound and act as a shield against bacteria. Adequate mechanical properties, degradability, and therapeutic agent controlled release of polysaccharide-based hydrogels have been already characterized for effective utilization. This review presented several crucial design considerations about hydrogels for wound healing, and the current state of polysaccharide (chitosan, alginate, hyaluronic acid, cellulose, dextran, and starch)-based hydrogels as wound dressings was also summarized. The commonly used crosslinking techniques, including physical, chemical, and enzymatic crosslinking, are discussed in detail. Finally, we outline the challenges and perspectives about the improvement of polysaccharide-based hydrogels.
[666] 聚糖基水凝胶在伤口愈合生物材料科学中的理性设计及最新进展 生物材料科学，2020，8(8)：2084-2101。急性与慢性伤口给患者带来严重的身体创伤，同时也带来了巨大的社会经济负担。水凝胶被认为是有效的伤口敷料。具有生物相容性、生物降解性和非毒性等独特特性的聚糖是构建用于伤口愈合的水凝胶的有望候选者。聚糖基水凝胶可以提供伤口所需的适宜湿度，并作为细菌的屏障。聚糖基水凝胶的适当机械性能、降解性和治疗剂控制释放特性已被表征，以实现有效利用。本综述介绍了关于伤口愈合水凝胶的几个关键设计考虑因素，并总结了聚糖（壳聚糖、藻酸盐、透明质酸、纤维素、右旋糖和淀粉）基水凝胶作为伤口敷料的当前状态。详细讨论了常用的交联技术，包括物理、化学和酶促交联。 最后，我们概述了关于基于多糖的水凝胶改进的挑战和观点。

[667] Self-Assembled Mechanochromic Shape Memory Photonic Crystals by Doctor Blade Coating ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2020, 12(32): 36478-36484. Mechanochromic shape memory photonic crystals can memorize their original structures and recover the inherent structural colors in response to external stimuli; thereby they have rendered various important optical applications. Unfortunately, most existing shape memory polymers are thermoresponsive, and the corresponding mechanochromic characteristics are limited by the heat-demanding programming process. Besides that, a great majority of current fabrication methodologies suffer from low throughput, hindering the practical applications. Herein, a scalable technology is developed to engineer macroporous shape memory photonic crystals by self-assembling silica colloidal crystals in a polyurethane acrylate/polyethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate/poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate matrix, followed by a wet etching treatment to selectively remove silica colloids. The as-created photonic crystals display a brilliant structural color, which is reversibly tunable with mechanical deformation at ambient conditions. Upon stretching, the reduced interlayer lattice spacing of the photonic crystals leads to a blueshift of the reflection peak position and a significant color change. Importantly, the stretched macroporous film can fix its temporary structures without applying any contact force and simultaneously recover its original configuration and appearance by applying ethanol evaporation-induced capillary pressures. The reversibility and the dependence of templated silica colloid size on mechanochromic characteristics have also been investigated in the research.
通过刀片涂层自组装机械着色形状记忆光子晶体，博士论文，ACS 应用材料与界面，2020，12(32)：36478-36484。机械着色形状记忆光子晶体可以记忆其原始结构，并对外部刺激响应恢复固有的结构颜色；因此，它们在各种重要的光学应用中发挥了作用。不幸的是，大多数现有的形状记忆聚合物是热响应性的，相应的机械着色特性受到需要热处理的编程过程的限制。此外，目前的大多数制造方法因低产量而受到阻碍，限制了其实际应用。在此，开发了一种可扩展技术，通过在聚氨酯丙烯酸酯/聚乙氧基化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯/聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯基体中自组装二氧化硅胶体晶体，然后通过湿法蚀刻处理选择性地去除二氧化硅胶体，来构建大孔形状记忆光子晶体。所制备的光子晶体显示出鲜艳的结构颜色，在环境条件下可逆地通过机械变形调节。 在拉伸过程中，光子晶体的层间晶格间距减小，导致反射峰位置发生蓝移和显著的颜色变化。重要的是，拉伸的宏孔薄膜无需施加任何接触力即可固定其临时结构，并通过乙醇蒸发引起的毛细压力恢复其原始配置和外观。此外，研究还探讨了模板二氧化硅胶体尺寸对机械色变特性的依赖性和可逆性。

[668] Detection of Igm and Igg Antibodies in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Clinical & Translational Immunology, 2020, 9(5): e01136-e01136. Objectives This study aimed to determine the IgM and IgG responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with varying illness severities. Methods IgM and IgG antibody levels were assessed via chemiluminescence immunoassay in 338 COVID-19 patients. Results IgM levels increased during the first week after SARS-CoV-2 infection, peaked 2 weeks and then reduced to near-background levels in most patients. IgG was detectable after 1 week and was maintained at a high level for a long period. The positive rates of IgM and/or IgG antibody detections were not significantly different among the mild, severe and critical disease groups. Severe and critical cases had higher IgM levels than mild cases, whereas the IgG level in critical cases was lower than those in both mild and severe cases. This might be because of the high disease activity and/or a compromised immune response in critical cases. The IgM antibody levels were slightly higher in deceased patients than recovered patients, but IgG levels in these groups did not significantly differ. A longitudinal detection of antibodies revealed that IgM levels decreased rapidly in recovered patients, whereas in deceased cases, either IgM levels remained high or both IgM and IgG were undetectable during the disease course. Conclusion Quantitative detection of IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 quantitatively has potential significance for evaluating the severity and prognosis of COVID-19.
[668] 2019 冠状病毒病（COVID-19）患者中检测 IgM 和 IgG 抗体 临床转化免疫学，2020，9(5)：e01136-e01136。目标本研究旨在确定不同病情严重程度的 COVID-19 患者对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）的 IgM 和 IgG 反应。方法通过化学发光免疫测定法评估了 338 名 COVID-19 患者的 IgM 和 IgG 抗体水平。结果 SARS-CoV-2 感染后的第一周内 IgM 水平升高，2 周时达到峰值，然后在大多数患者中降至接近背景水平。IgG 在 1 周后可检测到，并维持在高水平较长时间。IgM 和/或 IgG 抗体检测的阳性率在轻度、重症和危重症组之间没有显著差异。重症和危重症患者的 IgM 水平高于轻度病例，而危重症患者的 IgG 水平低于轻度和重症患者。这可能是由于危重症患者的高疾病活动性和/或受损的免疫反应。 IgM 抗体水平在死亡患者中略高于康复患者，但这两组患者的 IgG 水平没有显著差异。纵向检测抗体发现，康复患者的 IgM 水平迅速下降，而在死亡病例中，IgM 水平保持较高或在整个病程中 IgM 和 IgG 均无法检测到。结论：对 SARS-CoV-2 的 IgM 和 IgG 抗体进行定量检测，对评估 COVID-19 的严重程度和预后具有潜在意义。

[669] Antibody Tests for Covid-19: What the Results Tell Us Zeitschrift Fur Evidenz Fortbildung Und Qualitaet Im Gesundheitswesen, 2020, 153: 54-59. Introduction: In the context of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, the detection of virus-specific antibodies (AB) will play an increasing role. The presence or absence of such antibodies can potentially lead to considerations regarding immunity and infection. Issue: How reliable are inferences from positive or negative test results regarding the actual presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies? Methods: Calculation of the probability that, depending on the pretest probability (prevalence of SARSCoV-2 infection) and test properties, antibodies are present or absent in the case of positive or negative test results. Results: Sensitivity and specificity of different SARS-CoV-2 AB test systems vary between 53 % and 94 % and between 91 % and 99.5 %, respectively. When using a test with high test quality, the positive predictive value (PPV) is 42 % and 7 9%, respectively, with a pre-test probability of 1 % to 5 %, as can currently be assumed for the general population in Austria or Germany. For persons with an increased pre-test probability of 20 %, e. g. persons from high-risk professions, the PPW is 95 %, with a pre-test probability of 80 % the PPW is almost 100 %. The negative predictive value (NPV) is at least 99.7 % for persons with a low pre-test probability of up to 5 % and 79.1 % for persons with a pre-test probability of 80 %. When using test systems with lower sensitivity and specificity, the reliability of the results decreases considerably. The PPV is 5.9 % with a pre-test probability of 1 %. Conclusions: A sufficiently high sensitivity and specificity are prerequisites for the application of antibody test systems. Positive test results are often false if the pre-test probability is low. Depending on the assumed prevalence of a SARS-CoV-2 infection, there are substantial differences in the significance of a concrete test result for the respective affected persons.
[669] 新冠病毒抗体检测：结果告诉我们《循证医学、继续教育和医疗质量杂志》，2020，153：54-59。引言：在严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）大流行背景下，病毒特异性抗体（AB）的检测将发挥越来越重要的作用。这种抗体的存在与否可能影响对免疫和感染的处理。问题：关于 SARS-CoV-2 特异性抗体实际存在的阳性或阴性检测结果，其推断的可靠性如何？方法：根据预测试概率（SARS-CoV-2 感染患病率）和测试特性，计算在阳性或阴性测试结果中抗体存在或不存在的情况下的概率。结果：不同 SARS-CoV-2 AB 测试系统的灵敏度和特异性分别在 53%至 94%和 91%至 99.5%之间。在使用高质量测试时，阳性预测值（PPV）分别为 42%和 79%，预测试概率为 1%至 5%，这与目前可以假设的奥地利或德国普通人群的预测试概率相符。 对于预测试概率增加 20%的人群，例如高风险职业人员，PPW 为 95%，预测试概率为 80%时，PPW 几乎为 100%。对于预测试概率低至 5%的人群，阴性预测值（NPV）至少为 99.7%，而对于预测试概率为 80%的人群，NPV 为 79.1%。当使用灵敏度较低和特异性较低的测试系统时，结果的可靠性会显著降低。预测试概率为 1%时，PPV 为 5.9%。结论：足够高的灵敏度和特异性是抗体测试系统应用的前提。如果预测试概率低，阳性测试结果往往是错误的。根据假设的 SARS-CoV-2 感染流行率，具体测试结果对受影响个人的意义存在很大差异。

[670] Evaluation of a Covid-19 Igm and Igg Rapid Test; an Efficient Tool for Assessment of Past Exposure to Sars-Cov-2 Infection Ecology & Epidemiology, 2020, 10(1): 1754538-1754538. COVID-19 is the most rapidly growing pandemic in modern time, and the need for serological testing is most urgent. Although the diagnostics of acute patients by RT-PCR is both efficient and specific, we are also crucially in need of serological tools for investigating antibody responses and assessing individual and potential herd immunity. We evaluated a commercially available test developed for rapid (within 15minutes) detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM and IgG by 29 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases and 124 negative controls. The results revealed a sensitivity of 69% and 93.1% for IgM and IgG, respectively, based solely on PCR-positivity due to the absence of a serological gold standard. The assay specificities were shown to be 100% for IgM and 99.2% for IgG. This indicates that the test is suitable for assessing previous virus exposure, although negative results may be unreliable during the first weeks after infection. More detailed studies on antibody responses during and post infection are urgently needed.
[670] COVID-19 IgM 和 IgG 快速检测评估；评估 SARS-CoV-2 感染暴露的生态学与流行病学，2020，10(1)：1754538-1754538。COVID-19 是现代史上增长最快的流行病，血清学检测的需求最为迫切。尽管 RT-PCR 对急性患者的诊断既高效又特异，但我们仍迫切需要血清学工具来研究抗体反应和评估个体及潜在的群体免疫。我们评估了一种商业化的快速检测（15 分钟内）SARS-CoV-2 特异性 IgM 和 IgG 的测试，该测试由 29 例 PCR 确诊的 COVID-19 病例和 124 例阴性对照组成。结果显示，仅基于 PCR 阳性，IgM 和 IgG 的灵敏度分别为 69%和 93.1%，由于缺乏血清学金标准。该检测的特异性表明，对于 IgM 为 100%，对于 IgG 为 99.2%。这表明该测试适用于评估既往病毒暴露，尽管在感染后的前几周，阴性结果可能不可靠。 更详细的研究感染期间及感染后抗体反应的需求迫切。

[671] Bioinspired Multifunctional Anti-Icing Hydrogel Matter, 2020, 2(3): 723-734. The ice formation processes on solid surfaces are complex and diverse, which makes it a daunting challenge to design an icephobic material that is functional under different icing conditions in a complex varying real-life environment. Here, inspired by anti-freeze proteins, a multifunctional anti-icing platform based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-grafted polyelectrolyte hydrogel is reported, which can simultaneously inhibit ice nucleation, prevent ice growth, and reduce ice adhesion. The properties of interfacial water can be controlled by tuning the synergy of hydrophobicity and ion specificity, in contrast with the conventional wholly hydrophobic bulk systems (e.g., PDMS). This provides us a promising route to integrate various icephobic advantages into one material. The controllability of interfacial water grants the polyelectrolyte hydrogel coating high performance in inhibiting ice nucleation (ice nucleation temperature lower than -30 degrees C), preventing ice propagation (ice propagation rate lower than 0.002 cm(2)/s), and reducing ice adhesion (ice adhesion strength lower than 20 kPa).
[671] 生物启发多功能防冰水凝胶材料，2020，2(3)：723-734。固体表面上的冰形成过程复杂多样，这使得设计一种在不同结冰条件下在复杂多变的真实环境中具有功能的疏冰材料成为一项艰巨的挑战。在这里，受抗冻蛋白的启发，报道了一种基于聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）接枝聚电解质水凝胶的多功能防冰平台，该平台可以同时抑制冰核形成、防止冰生长和减少冰粘附。可以通过调节疏水性和离子特异性的协同作用来控制界面水的性质，与传统的完全疏水的整体系统（例如，PDMS）相比。这为我们提供了一条将各种疏冰优势集成到一种材料中的有希望的道路。界面水的可控性赋予聚电解质水凝胶涂层在抑制冰核形成（冰核温度低于-30°C）、防止冰传播（冰传播速率低于 0.002 cm²/s）和减少冰粘附（冰粘附强度低于 20 kPa）方面高性能。

[672] Lamellar Bilayer to Fibril Structure Transformation of Tough Photonic Hydrogel under Elongation Macromolecules, 2020, 53(12): 4711-4721. Synthetic hydrogels possessing both macroscopic anisotropic structure and toughness, which are analogous to the load-bearing bio-tissues such as muscles and tendons, are rarely available. Studying the molecular mechanism of tough and anisotropic hydrogel under deformation is beneficial to understand the load-deformation functions of soft bio-tissues. In this work, the deformation-induced structure transformation of a macroscopically anisotropic and tough hydrogel has been investigated to understand the role of structure evolution for enhanced toughness. At rest, the hydrogel possesses a well-defined hierarchical structure in which self-assembled nanometer thick lamellar bilayers are alternatively stacked in hundred nanometer thick hydrogel matrixes. Stretching along the lamellar direction induces structure transformation from lamellar bilayers to hierarchical fibrous structures aligned along the deformation axis. The generated hierarchical structures consist of micrometer thick fiber bundles made from nanometer thick fibrils analogous to tropo-collagen bundles or microfibrils of the tendon. The fibrous structure formed at large elongation is associated with damage and rupture of the bilayers, which underpins the molecular mechanism of the unique mechanical behaviors of the tough lamellar hydrogel.
[672] 在拉伸宏观各向异性和韧性水凝胶的结构转变研究，2020，53(12)：4711-4721。具有宏观各向异构结构和韧性的合成水凝胶，类似于肌肉和肌腱等承重生物组织，很少见。研究变形下韧性各向异性水凝胶的分子机制，有助于理解软生物组织的载荷-变形功能。在本工作中，研究了宏观各向异性韧性水凝胶的变形诱导结构转变，以了解结构演变在增强韧性中的作用。在静止状态下，水凝胶具有一个定义良好的分级结构，其中自组装的纳米级厚板层在百纳米厚的水凝胶基体中交替堆叠。沿板层方向拉伸诱导结构从板层状转变为沿变形轴排列的分级纤维结构。 生成的分层结构由纳米厚的纤维束组成，这些纤维束由微米厚的纤维丝构成，类似于肌动蛋白束或肌腱的微纤维。在大拉伸下形成的纤维结构与双层损伤和断裂有关，这为坚韧层状水凝胶独特机械行为的分子机制提供了基础。

[673] Kirigami-Design-Enabled Hydrogel Multimorphs with Application as a Multistate Switch Advanced Materials, 2020, 32(22): 2000781. Morphing materials have promising applications in soft robots, intelligent devices, and so forth. Among the various design strategies, kirigami structures are recognized as a powerful tool to obtain sophisticated 3D configurations and unprecedented properties from planar designs on common materials. Here, some kirigami designs are demonstrated for programmable, multistable 3D configurations from composite hydrogel sheets. Via photolithographic polymerization, perforated composite hydrogel sheets are fabricated, in which soft and active hydrogel strips are patterned in stiff and passive hydrogel frames. When immersed in water, the gel strips buckle out of plane due to swelling mismatch. In the kirigami structures, the geometric continuity is disrupted by the introduction of cutouts, and thus the degrees of deformation freedom increases remarkably. Multiple configurations are obtained in a single composite hydrogel by controlling the buckling direction of each strip. Multitier configurations are also obtained by using a hierarchically designed kirigami structure. A multicontact switch of an electric circuit is designed by harnessing the multitier gel configurations. Furthermore, a rotation mode is realized by introducing chirality in the kirigami design. The versatile design of the kirigami structure for programmable deformations should be applicable for other intelligent materials toward promising applications in biomedical devices and flexible electronics.
[673] 基于折纸设计的多功能水凝胶多形态结构，应用于多状态开关，先进材料，2020，32(22)：2000781。变形材料在软体机器人、智能设备等领域具有广阔的应用前景。在各种设计策略中，折纸结构被认为是获得复杂 3D 配置和前所未有的性能的强大工具，从平面设计中获得常见材料的性能。在此，展示了从复合水凝胶薄片中获得可编程、多稳态 3D 配置的一些折纸设计。通过光刻聚合，制造了具有孔洞的复合水凝胶薄片，其中软性和活性水凝胶条带被图案化在刚性和被动水凝胶框架中。当浸入水中时，由于膨胀不匹配，凝胶条带会因翘曲而脱离平面。在折纸结构中，通过引入切口破坏了几何连续性，从而显著增加了变形自由度。通过控制每条带的翘曲方向，在单个复合水凝胶中获得多个配置。 多层配置还可以通过使用层次设计的折纸结构获得。通过利用多层凝胶配置，设计了电路的多接触开关。此外，通过在折纸设计中引入手征性，实现了旋转模式。适用于可编程变形的折纸结构的通用设计，应适用于其他智能材料，有望在生物医学设备和柔性电子学中应用。

[674] Giant Thermopower of Ionic Gelatin near Room Temperature Science, 2020, 368(6495): 1091-+. Harvesting heat from the environment into electricity has the potential to power Internet-of-things (IoT) sensors, freeing them from cables or batteries and thus making them especially useful for wearable devices. We demonstrate a giant positive thermopower of 17.0 millivolts per degree Kelvin in a flexible, quasi-solid-state, ionic thermoelectric material using synergistic thermodiffusion and thermogalvanic effects. The ionic thermoelectric material is a gelatin matrix modulated with ion providers (KCl, NaCl, and KNO3) for thermodiffusion effect and a redox couple [Fe(CN)(6)(4-)/Fe(CN)(6)(3-)] for thermogalvanic effect. A proof-of-concept wearable device consisting of 25 unipolar elements generated more than 2 volts and a peak power of 5 microwatts using body heat. This ionic gelatin shows promise for environmental heat-to-electric energy conversion using ions as energy carriers.
[674] 室温附近离子明胶的巨热电功率 科学，2020，368(6495)：1091-+. 从环境中提取热量转化为电能，有可能为物联网（IoT）传感器供电，使其摆脱电缆或电池的束缚，因此特别适用于可穿戴设备。我们通过协同热扩散和热电化学效应，在一种柔性、准固态、离子热电材料中实现了每开尔文 17.0 毫伏的正热电功率。该离子热电材料是一种凝胶基质，通过离子提供者（KCl、NaCl 和 KNO3）调节以产生热扩散效应，以及一个氧化还原对[Fe(CN)(6)(4-)/Fe(CN)(6)(3-)]以产生热电化学效应。一个概念验证型可穿戴设备，由 25 个单极元件组成，利用体热产生了超过 2 伏的电压和 5 微瓦的峰值功率。这种离子明胶在利用离子作为能量载体的环境热能转化为电能方面具有潜力。

[675] Colloidal Photonic Crystal Array Chip Based on Nanoparticle Self-Assembly on Patterned Hydrophobic Surface for Signal-Enhanced Fluorescent Assay of Adenosine Microchimica Acta, 2020, 187(3): 194. A controllable approach for preparing a portable colloidal photonic crystal (CPC) array chip is presented. The approach was inspired by the confinement effect of nanoparticle self-assembly on patterned surface. Hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane substrate with reproducible micro-region array was fabricated by soft-lithography. The substrate was employed as the patterned template for self-assembly of monodisperse polystyrene nanoparticles. The CPC units can be prepared in several minutes, and exhibit consistent reflection wavelength. By adjusting the size of polystyrene nanoparticles and the shape of micro-regions, CPC units with multiple structure, colors and geometries were obtained. The CPC array chip features fluorescence enhancement owing to the optical modulation capability of the periodic nanostructure of the self-assembled CPC. With the reflection wavelength (523 nm) of green CPC units overlapping the emission wavelength (520 nm, with excitation wavelength of 490 nm) of 6-carboxyfluorescein-labeled DNA probe, the fluorescence intensity increased more than 10-fold. For signal-amplified assay of adenosine, the concentration range of linear response was 5.0x10(-5) mol L-1 to 1.0x10(-3) mol L-1, and the limit of detection was 1.3x10(-6) mol L-1. Because of the enhancement effect of photonic crystal, the fluorescence images were more readable from the CPC array chip, compared with those from the planar substrate. The chip has potential applications in multiplex determination with high-throughput via encoding strategy based on the tunable structure, color or geometric shape. Schematic diagram of signal-enhanced fluorescent detection of adenosine based on the colloidal photonic crystal array chip (PDMS, polydimethylsiloxane; PS NPs, polystyrene nanoparticles; CPC, colloidal photonic crystal; GO, graphene oxide; FAM, 6-carboxyfluorescein).
基于图案亲水表面纳米颗粒自组装的胶体光子晶体阵列芯片，用于增强腺苷荧光分析的便携式胶体光子晶体阵列芯片的制备方法。该方法受纳米颗粒在图案化表面自组装的约束效应启发。通过软光刻技术制备了具有可重复微区域阵列的疏水聚二甲基硅氧烷基底，该基底被用作单分散聚苯乙烯纳米颗粒自组装的图案模板。CPC 单元可以在几分钟内制备完成，并表现出一致的反射波长。通过调整聚苯乙烯纳米颗粒的大小和微区域的形状，获得了具有多种结构、颜色和几何形状的 CPC 单元。该 CPC 阵列芯片具有荧光增强特性，这是由于自组装 CPC 的周期性纳米结构的调制能力。 随着绿色 CPC 单元的反射波长（523 nm）与 6-羧基荧光素标记的 DNA 探针的发射波长（520 nm，激发波长为 490 nm）重叠，荧光强度增加了 10 倍以上。对于腺苷的信号放大检测，线性响应的浓度范围为 5.0x10(-5) mol L-1 至 1.0x10(-3) mol L-1，检测限为 1.3x10(-6) mol L-1。由于光子晶体的增强效应，与平面衬底相比，CPC 阵列芯片上的荧光图像更易读。该芯片具有在基于可调结构、颜色或几何形状的编码策略中进行高吞吐量多重测定的潜力。基于胶体光子晶体阵列芯片（PDMS，聚二甲基硅氧烷；PS NPs，聚苯乙烯纳米颗粒；CPC，胶体光子晶体；GO，氧化石墨烯；FAM，6-羧基荧光素）的腺苷信号增强荧光检测示意图。

[676] Colloidal Photonic Crystal Array Chip Based on Nanoparticle Self-Assembly on Patterned Hydrophobic Surface for Signal-Enhanced Fluorescent Assay of Adenosine Microchimica Acta, 2020, 187(3): 194. A controllable approach for preparing a portable colloidal photonic crystal (CPC) array chip is presented. The approach was inspired by the confinement effect of nanoparticle self-assembly on patterned surface. Hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane substrate with reproducible micro-region array was fabricated by soft-lithography. The substrate was employed as the patterned template for self-assembly of monodisperse polystyrene nanoparticles. The CPC units can be prepared in several minutes, and exhibit consistent reflection wavelength. By adjusting the size of polystyrene nanoparticles and the shape of micro-regions, CPC units with multiple structure, colors and geometries were obtained. The CPC array chip features fluorescence enhancement owing to the optical modulation capability of the periodic nanostructure of the self-assembled CPC. With the reflection wavelength (523 nm) of green CPC units overlapping the emission wavelength (520 nm, with excitation wavelength of 490 nm) of 6-carboxyfluorescein-labeled DNA probe, the fluorescence intensity increased more than 10-fold. For signal-amplified assay of adenosine, the concentration range of linear response was 5.0x10(-5) mol L-1 to 1.0x10(-3) mol L-1, and the limit of detection was 1.3x10(-6) mol L-1. Because of the enhancement effect of photonic crystal, the fluorescence images were more readable from the CPC array chip, compared with those from the planar substrate. The chip has potential applications in multiplex determination with high-throughput via encoding strategy based on the tunable structure, color or geometric shape. Schematic diagram of signal-enhanced fluorescent detection of adenosine based on the colloidal photonic crystal array chip (PDMS, polydimethylsiloxane; PS NPs, polystyrene nanoparticles; CPC, colloidal photonic crystal; GO, graphene oxide; FAM, 6-carboxyfluorescein).
基于图案亲水表面纳米颗粒自组装的胶体光子晶体阵列芯片，用于增强腺苷荧光分析的便携式胶体光子晶体阵列芯片的制备方法。该方法受纳米颗粒在图案化表面自组装的约束效应启发。通过软光刻技术制备了具有可重复微区域阵列的疏水聚二甲基硅氧烷基底，该基底被用作单分散聚苯乙烯纳米颗粒自组装的图案模板。CPC 单元可以在几分钟内制备完成，并表现出一致的反射波长。通过调整聚苯乙烯纳米颗粒的大小和微区域的形状，获得了具有多种结构、颜色和几何形状的 CPC 单元。该 CPC 阵列芯片具有荧光增强特性，这是由于自组装 CPC 的周期性纳米结构的调制能力。 随着绿色 CPC 单元的反射波长（523 nm）与 6-羧基荧光素标记的 DNA 探针的发射波长（520 nm，激发波长为 490 nm）重叠，荧光强度增加了 10 倍以上。对于腺苷的信号放大检测，线性响应的浓度范围为 5.0x10(-5) mol L-1 至 1.0x10(-3) mol L-1，检测限为 1.3x10(-6) mol L-1。由于光子晶体的增强效应，与平面衬底相比，CPC 阵列芯片上的荧光图像更易读。该芯片具有在基于可调结构、颜色或几何形状的编码策略中进行高吞吐量多重测定的潜力。基于胶体光子晶体阵列芯片（PDMS，聚二甲基硅氧烷；PS NPs，聚苯乙烯纳米颗粒；CPC，胶体光子晶体；GO，氧化石墨烯；FAM，6-羧基荧光素）的腺苷信号增强荧光检测示意图。

[677] Surface Charge Dominated Protein Absorption on Hydrogels Soft Matter, 2020, 16(7): 1897-1907. Soft tissue engineering requires antifouling materials that are biocompatible and mechanically flexible. Conventional hydrogels containing more than 70 wt% water are thus promising antifouling material candidates. However, some hydrogels are difficult to apply in internal body organs because of undesirable protein absorption on their surfaces. Due to the lack of an effective method for observing the true charge densities of hydrogels, the reason why electrostatic interactions dominate protein absorption behavior remains unclear. In this work, we adopt the microelectrode technique (MET) to study the electrical potentials of hydrogels with negative, positive, and neutral potentials and demonstrate the protein absorption behaviors on those hydrogels. The results show that MET is an effective method to obtain the surface charge densities of various hydrogels. Furthermore, the amounts of absorbed proteins on the gels were quantified with respect to the charge densities of the hydrogels. The results indicate that electrostatic absorption is quantitatively dominated by a combination of hydrogel charge density and overall protein charge. Based on the knowledge obtained in this work, the effects of hydrogel surface charges on protein absorption can be better understood. Thus, the results are expected to promote the application of hydrogels in tissue engineering.
[677] 表面电荷主导的亲水凝胶软物质蛋白吸收，2020，16(7)：1897-1907。软组织工程需要具有生物相容性和机械柔韧性的防污材料。因此，含水量超过 70 wt%的传统水凝胶是很有希望的防污材料候选者。然而，由于表面不希望的蛋白吸收，一些水凝胶难以应用于内部器官。由于缺乏观察水凝胶真实电荷密度的有效方法，静电相互作用为何主导蛋白吸收行为尚不清楚。在本工作中，我们采用微电极技术（MET）研究具有负、正和中性电位的亲水凝胶的电势，并展示了这些水凝胶上的蛋白吸收行为。结果表明，MET 是获取各种水凝胶表面电荷密度的有效方法。此外，根据水凝胶的电荷密度，对凝胶上吸收的蛋白量进行了量化。 结果表明，静电吸附在数量上主要由水凝胶电荷密度和整体蛋白质电荷的组合所主导。基于本工作中获得的知识，可以更好地理解水凝胶表面电荷对蛋白质吸收的影响。因此，这些结果有望促进水凝胶在组织工程中的应用。

[678] High-Throughput Fabrication of Polymethylmethacrylate Nano-Hole Arrays for Structural Coloration Using Proton Beam Writing Made Diamond Stamp Microelectronic Engineering, 2020, 222: 111213-111218. We demonstrate the fabrication of a diamond stamp through proton beam writing (PBW) coupled with reactive ion etching (RIE), and the process of corresponding thermal nano-imprinting to free-standing polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) film. Strong structural coloration from the imprinted nano-hole based PMMA patterns was observed. Additionally, we see that 8 nm Cr coating can enhance the structural coloration intensity of PMMA nano-hole. Furthermore, a series of Maxwell solver based finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations were performed to find out theoretical explanations to what we observed in the experiments. The simulation results are in a good agreement with the experimental observations in terms of structural color, color intensity contrast, and Cr coating enhancement. The dependence between the scattering cross section of elliptic nano-hole and polarization angle is discussed as well. This study provides an insight into rapid and high-throughput fabrication of polymer based structural coloration, thus paving the way to bring structural color printings into commercialization driven by large-scale industrial production.
[678] 利用质子束写入结合反应离子刻蚀制备聚合物甲基丙烯酸甲酯纳米孔阵列进行结构色印刷，制成金刚石印章微电子工程，2020，222：111213-111218。我们展示了通过质子束写入（PBW）结合反应离子刻蚀（RIE）制备金刚石印章的过程，以及相应的热纳米压印到自支撑聚合物甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）薄膜的过程。观察到基于压印纳米孔的 PMMA 图案具有强烈的结构色。此外，我们还发现 8 nm 铬涂层可以增强 PMMA 纳米孔的结构色强度。此外，还进行了一系列基于 Maxwell 求解器的有限差分时域（FDTD）模拟，以找出我们对实验观察到的理论解释。在结构色、颜色强度对比和铬涂层增强方面，模拟结果与实验观察结果一致。还讨论了椭圆纳米孔的散射截面与偏振角之间的关系。 本研究揭示了基于聚合物的结构色快速和高通量制备的见解，从而为将结构色印刷推向商业化，由大规模工业生产驱动铺平了道路。

[679] Hydrogels Toughened by Biominerals Providing Energy-Dissipative Sacrificial Bonds Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2020, 8(24): 5184-5188. Inspired by bone tissues, we mineralized low crystalline hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles in double network (DN) hydrogels, and we observed that the HAp minerals toughen the gels. The contribution of dissipated energy from HAp minerals was over 500% higher than that from the polymer during tensile deformation. We elucidated that the amorphous parts in the HAp minerals break at deformation, acting as energy-dissipative sacrificial bonds. This result implies that not only brittle polymer networks but also minerals can provide sacrificial bonds to toughen soft materials.
[679] 由生物矿物增强的具有能量耗散牺牲键的亲水凝胶 材料化学 B，2020，8(24)：5184-5188。受骨组织启发，我们在双网络（DN）水凝胶中矿化低结晶羟基磷灰石（HAp）颗粒，并观察到 HAp 矿物增强了凝胶。在拉伸变形过程中，HAp 矿物耗散的能量贡献比聚合物高出 500%以上。我们阐明，在变形过程中，HAp 矿物中的非晶部分断裂，充当能量耗散的牺牲键。这一结果意味着不仅脆性聚合物网络，而且矿物也可以提供牺牲键以增强软材料。

[680] Sol–Gel Engineering to Tune Structural Colours Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 2020, 95(3): 504-516.
[680] 通过溶胶-凝胶工程调节结构色 溶胶-凝胶科学和技术杂志，2020，95(3)：504-516。

[681] Competitive Cation−Π Interactions between Small Cations and Polycations with Phenyl Groups in Poly(Cation−Π) Hydrogels Giant, 2020, 1.
[681] 小阳离子与带苯基的聚阳离子在聚（阳离子-π）水凝胶中的竞争性阳离子-π相互作用 巨大，2020，1.

[682] Fast Switching of Bright Whiteness in Channeled Hydrogel Networks Advanced Functional Materials, 2020, 30(28): 2000754. Beside pigment absorption and reflection by periodic photonic structures, natural species often use light scattering to achieve whiteness. Synthetic hydrogels offer opportunities in stimuli-responsive materials and devices; however, they are not conventionally considered as ideal materials to achieve high whiteness by scattering due to the ill-defined porosities and the low refractive index contrast between the polymer and water. Herein, a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel network with percolated empty channels (ch-PNIPAm) is demonstrated to possess switchable bright whiteness upon temperature changes, obtained by removing the physical agarose gel in a semi-interpenetrating network of agarose and PNIPAm. The hydrogel is highly transparent at room temperature and becomes brightly white above 35 degrees C. Compared to conventional PNIPAm, the ch-PNIPAm hydrogel exhibits 80% higher reflectance at 800 nm and 18 times faster phase transition kinetics. The nanoscopic channels in the ch-PNIPAm facilitate water diffusion upon phase transition, thus enabling the formation of smaller pores and enhanced whiteness in the gel. Furthermore, fast photothermally triggered response down to tens of milliseconds can be achieved. This unique property of the ch-PNIPAm hydrogel to efficiently scatter visible light can be potentially used for, e.g., smart windows, optical switches, and, as demonstrated in this report, thermoresponsive color displays.
[682] 通道水凝胶网络中明亮白度的快速切换，《先进功能材料》，2020，30(28)：2000754。除了周期性光子结构的色素吸收和反射外，自然物种通常利用光散射来实现白度。合成水凝胶在刺激响应材料和器件方面提供了机会；然而，由于孔隙度不明确以及聚合物与水之间低折射率对比度，它们通常不被视为通过散射实现高白度的理想材料。在此，我们展示了一种具有渗透空腔的聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)水凝胶网络（ch-PNIPAm），该网络在温度变化下具有可切换的明亮白度，这是通过去除半互穿网络中的物理琼脂糖凝胶来实现的。该水凝胶在室温下高度透明，在 35 摄氏度以上变为明亮白色。与传统的 PNIPAm 相比，ch-PNIPAm 水凝胶在 800 纳米处的反射率提高了 80%，相变动力学速度提高了 18 倍。 ch-PNIPAm 纳米通道在相变时促进水分扩散，从而实现凝胶中形成更小的孔隙和增强的白色。此外，可以实现达到数十毫秒的快速光热触发响应。ch-PNIPAm 水凝胶这种高效散射可见光的独特性质，可以潜在地用于智能窗户、光学开关，以及本报告中所展示的热致变色显示器等。

[683] Detection of Antibodies against Sars-Cov-2 in Patients with Covid-19 Journal of Medical Virology, 2020, 92(10): 1735-1738.
[683] 在 COVID-19 患者中检测 Sars-Cov-2 抗体，《医学病毒学杂志》，2020，92(10)：1735-1738。

[684] Sodium Alginate Cross-Linkable Planar 1d Photonic Crystals as a Promising Tool for Pb Detection in Water Chemosensors, 2020, 8(2): 37-53. Due to its high toxicity, Pb2+ pollution is a serious threat for human health and environments. However, in situ real-time detection of Pb2+ pollution is difficult and laboratory instruments are usually required. Then, the possibility to monitor water quality without laboratory instruments could lead to the extensive assessment of polluted water sources, especially in rural environments and developing countries where large lead concentrations are often found in surface water. Consequently, new simple colorimetric sensors are highly interesting in the field. In this work we report for the first time disposable polymer planar 1D photonic crystals made of poly (N-vinylcarbazole) as high refractive index medium and sodium alginate as low refractive index and active medium for the detection of Pb2+ in water. The detection relies on the ionic exchange occurring into the alginate matrix. This process effectively induces a physical cross-linking phenomenon, which inhibits water solubilization of the polymer. In turn, this affects the spectral response of the planar 1D photonic crystals modifying its color.
[684] 可交联平面 1D 光子晶体——作为水化学传感器中铅检测的有希望工具，2020，8(2)：37-53。由于其高毒性，Pb2+污染对人类健康和环境构成严重威胁。然而，现场实时检测 Pb2+污染是困难的，通常需要实验室仪器。因此，在没有实验室仪器的情况下监测水质可能导致对污染水源的广泛评估，尤其是在农村环境和发展中国家，这些地方地表水中往往含有高浓度的铅。因此，新型简单比色传感器在该领域非常有趣。在这项工作中，我们首次报道了一种由聚(N-乙烯基咔唑)制成的可丢弃聚合物平面 1D 光子晶体，其中聚(N-乙烯基咔唑)作为高折射率介质，海藻酸钠作为低折射率和活性介质，用于检测水中的 Pb2+。检测依赖于进入海藻酸基质中的离子交换。这个过程有效地诱导了物理交联现象，抑制了聚合物的水溶性。 因此，这会影响平面一维光子晶体的光谱响应，改变其颜色。

[685] Dynamic Profile for the Detection of Anti-Sars-Cov-2 Antibodies Using Four Immunochromatographic Assays Journal of Infection, 2020, 81(2): E6-E10. In order to fight the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic infection, there is a growing need and demand for diagnostic tools that are complementary and different from the RT-PCR currently in use. Multiple serological tests are or will be very soon available but need to be evaluated and validated. We have thus tested 4 immunochromatographic tests for the detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. In addition, we assessed the kinetics of antibody appearance using these assays in 22 patients after they were tested positive by RT-PCR. We observed great heterogeneity in antibody detection post-symptom onset. The median antibody detection time was between 8 and 10 days according to the manufacturers. All the tests showed a sensitivity of 60 to 80% on day 10 and 100% on day 15. In addition, a single cross-reaction was observed with other human coronavirus infections. Thus, immunochromatographic tests for the detection of anti-SARSCoV-2 antibodies may have their place for the diagnostic panel of COVID-19. (C) 2020 The British Infection Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
[685] 基于四种免疫层析检测法检测 SARS-CoV-2 抗体的动态特征，《感染杂志》，2020，81(2)：E6-E10。为了应对 SARS-CoV-2 大流行感染，对互补且不同于目前使用的 RT-PCR 诊断工具的需求和需求日益增长。多种血清学检测方法即将或已经可用，但需要评估和验证。因此，我们测试了 4 种免疫层析检测法以检测 SARS-CoV-2 抗体。此外，我们还评估了 22 名患者在 RT-PCR 检测呈阳性后使用这些检测方法检测抗体出现的动力学。我们观察到症状出现后抗体检测存在很大异质性。根据制造商的说法，抗体检测的中位时间为 8 至 10 天。所有测试在第十天显示出 60 至 80%的敏感性，在第十五天达到 100%。此外，还观察到与其他人类冠状病毒感染的单次交叉反应。因此，免疫层析检测 SARS-CoV-2 抗体的方法可能在 COVID-19 的诊断面板中占有一席之地。（C）2020 英国感染协会版权所有。 由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。版权所有。

[686] Development of a Rapid Test Kit for Sars-Cov-2: An Example of Product Design Bio-Design and Manufacturing, 2020, 3(2): 83-86. We present an example of applying 'need-driven' product design principle to the development of a rapid test kit to detect SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19). The tests are intended for use in the field and, longer term, for home use. They detect whether a subject is currently infected with the virus and is infectious. The urgent need for large numbers of tests in field setting imposes constraints such as short test time and lack of access to specialist equipment, laboratories and skilled technicians to perform the test and interpret results. To meet these needs, an antigen test based on RT-LAMP with colorimetric readout was chosen. Direct use of swab sample with no RNA extraction was explored. After extensive experimental study (reported elsewhere), a rapid test kit has been fabricated to satisfy all design criteria.
[686] Sars-Cov-2 快速检测试剂盒的开发：产品设计生物设计和制造的一个例子，2020，3(2)：83-86。我们提出将“需求驱动”的产品设计原则应用于 SARS-COV-2（COVID-19）快速检测试剂盒的开发。这些测试旨在现场使用，长期来看，用于家庭使用。它们可以检测受试者是否目前感染了病毒并且具有传染性。在野外环境中对大量测试的迫切需求对测试时间短、无法获取专业设备、实验室和熟练技术人员进行测试和解读结果等方面施加了限制。为了满足这些需求，选择了一种基于 RT-LAMP 和比色读数的抗原测试。探索了直接使用拭子样本而不进行 RNA 提取。经过广泛的实验研究（在其他地方报道），已制造出满足所有设计标准的快速检测试剂盒。

[687] Fiber-Reinforced Viscoelastomers Show Extraordinary Crack Resistance That Exceeds Metals Advanced Materials, 2020, 32(31): e1907180. Soft fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs), consisting of rubbery matrices and rigid fabrics, are widely utilized in industry because they possess high specific strength in tension while allowing flexural deformation under bending or twisting. Nevertheless, existing soft FRPs are relatively weak against crack propagation due to interfacial delamination, which substantially increases their risk of failure during use. In this work, a class of soft FRPs that possess high specific strength while simultaneously showing extraordinary crack resistance are developed. The strategy is to synthesize tough viscoelastic matrices from acrylate monomers in the presence of woven fabrics, which generates soft composites with a strong interface and interlocking structure. Such composites exhibit fracture energy,Gamma, of up to 2500 kJ m(-2), exceeding the toughest existing materials. Experimental elucidation shows that the fracture energy obeys a simple relation,Gamma = W center dot l(T), whereWis the volume-weighted average of work of extension at fracture of the two components andl(T)is the force transfer length that scales with the square root of fiber/matrix modulus ratio. Superior Gamma is achieved through a combination of extraordinarily largel(T)(10-100 mm), resulting from the extremely high fiber/matrix modulus ratios (10(4)-10(5)), and the maximized energy dissipation density,W. The elucidated quantitative relationship provides guidance toward the design of extremely tough soft composites.
[687] 纤维增强粘弹性聚合物展现出超越金属的卓越抗裂性能，先进材料，2020，32(31)：e1907180。软纤维增强聚合物（FRPs），由橡胶状基体和刚性织物组成，因其具有高强度和允许弯曲或扭转时的弯曲变形，在工业中得到广泛应用。然而，现有的软 FRPs 由于界面分层而相对抗裂性能较弱，这大大增加了它们在使用过程中的失效风险。在本工作中，开发了一类同时具有高强度和卓越抗裂性能的软 FRPs。策略是在编织织物存在下，从丙烯酸单体合成坚韧的粘弹性基体，从而生成具有强界面和互锁结构的软复合材料。此类复合材料的断裂能Γ高达 2500 kJ m(-2)，超过了最坚韧的现有材料。 实验阐明表明，断裂能遵循一个简单的关系，Gamma = W·l(T)，其中 W 是两个组分在断裂时的体积加权平均扩展功，l(T)是与纤维/基体模量比平方根成比例的力传递长度。通过组合极其大的 l(T)(10-100 mm)，由于纤维/基体模量比极高（10(4)-10(5)），以及最大化的能量耗散密度 W，实现了优异的 Gamma。阐明的定量关系为设计极其坚韧的软复合材料提供了指导。

[688] Stress Relaxation and Underlying Structure Evolution in Tough and Self-Healing Hydrogels Acs Macro Letters, 2020, 9(11): 1582-1589. The tough and self-healing hydrogels composed of polyampholytes (PA gels) are drawing great attention due to their multiscale structures and the resultant multiple mechanical properties. This work studies the stress relaxation behavior of PA gels and reveals the underlying multiscale structure evolutions by combining birefringence and small-angle X-ray scattering measurements. The PA gels show a fast and strong stress relaxation that obeys the stress-optical rule, which could be associated with relaxation of chain segment orientation by the breaking of ionic bonds. A slow and weak relaxation of phase structure (similar to 100 nm) is also observed, which tells that the stress redistributes and local strain amplification gradually builds in the phase network at long relaxation times as a result of synergetic breaking of multiple ionic bonds. This work gives insight into exploring the formation of the crack precursor that is important in the fracture and fatigue of self-healing hydrogels.
[688] 硬性和自修复聚电解质水凝胶中的应力松弛和底层结构演化 Acs Macro Letters, 2020, 9(11): 1582-1589。由聚电解质（PA 水凝胶）组成的硬性和自修复水凝胶因其多尺度结构和由此产生的多种机械性能而备受关注。本研究研究了 PA 水凝胶的应力松弛行为，并通过结合双折射和小角 X 射线散射测量揭示了底层多尺度结构演化。PA 水凝胶表现出快速而强烈的应力松弛，遵循应力光学定律，这可能与通过断裂离子键使链段取向松弛有关。还观察到相位结构的缓慢和弱松弛（类似于 100 nm），这表明在长松弛时间内，由于多个离子键的协同断裂，应力重新分配，并在相位网络中逐渐建立局部应变放大。这项工作为探索自修复水凝胶断裂和疲劳中重要的裂纹前驱体形成提供了见解。

[689] Phase Separation Behavior in Tough and Self-Healing Polyampholyte Hydrogels Macromolecules, 2020, 53(13): 5116-5126. Polyampholyte hydrogels (PA gels) are drawing great attention for their excellent mechanical properties including self-healing, high toughness, and fatigue resistance. These mechanical performances are found to be attributed to the hierarchical structure of the PA gels, consisting of reversible ionic bonds at the 1 nm scale, permanent polymer network at the 10 nm scale, and bicontinuous phase network at the 100 nm scale. In this work, we systematically studied the phase network formation of these gels aiming to answer the following three questions: (1) how the phase separation occurs? (2) what determines the phase structure? and (3) is this structure in thermodynamic equilibrium or not? Our results show that the phase separation occurs during dialysis of counterions from the gels and it is driven by the Coulombic and hydrophobic interactions. The phase size d(0) and the number of aggregated chains in a unit cell of the phase structure n scale with the molecular weight of the partial chain between permanent effective cross-linking M-eff as d(0) similar to M-eff and n similar to M-eff(2), respectively. A chemical cross-linker and topological entanglement suppress phase separation, while hydrophobic interaction favors phase separation. An intrinsic correlation between the polymer density difference (Delta rho) between two phases and d(0) is observed (Delta rho similar to d(0)(2)) as a result of the competition between the driving force to induce phase separation and the resistance to suppress the phase separation. The phase-separated structure is metastable, which is locally trapped by strong intermolecular interactions.
[689] 硬度和自修复型聚多胺基水凝胶大分子相分离行为，2020，53(13)：5116-5126。聚多胺基水凝胶（PA 凝胶）因其优异的力学性能而备受关注，包括自修复、高韧性和抗疲劳性。这些力学性能被发现归因于 PA 凝胶的分级结构，包括 1 纳米尺度的可逆离子键、10 纳米尺度的永久聚合物网络和 100 纳米尺度的双连续相网络。在本工作中，我们系统地研究了这些凝胶的相网络形成，旨在回答以下三个问题：（1）相分离是如何发生的？（2）什么决定了相结构？（3）这种结构是否处于热力学平衡状态？我们的结果表明，相分离发生在从凝胶中透析出反离子期间，并且是由库仑力和疏水相互作用驱动的。 相尺寸 d(0)和相结构单位晶胞中聚集链的数量 n 与部分链的分子量 M-eff 成正比，分别为 d(0)与 M-eff 相似和 n 与 M-eff(2)相似。化学交联剂和拓扑缠结抑制相分离，而疏水相互作用有利于相分离。观察到两个相之间的聚合物密度差(Δρ)与 d(0)之间存在内在相关性(Δρ与 d(0)(2)相似)，这是由于诱导相分离的驱动力与抑制相分离的阻力之间的竞争所致。相分离结构是亚稳态的，被强烈的分子间相互作用局部捕获。

[690] Sensitivity in Detection of Antibodies to Nucleocapsid and Spike Proteins of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2020, 222(2): 206-213. BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2, the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is associated with respiratory-related morbidity and mortality. Assays to detect virus-specific antibodies are important to understand the prevalence of infection and the course of the immune response. METHODOLOGY: Quantitative measurements of plasma or serum antibodies by luciferase immunoprecipitation assay systems (LIPS) to the nucleocapsid and spike proteins were analyzed in 100 cross-sectional or longitudinal samples from SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. A subset of samples was tested with and without heat inactivation. RESULTS: Fifteen or more days after symptom onset, antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein showed 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity, while antibodies to spike protein were detected with 91% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Neither antibody levels nor the rate of seropositivity were significantly reduced by heat inactivation of samples. Analysis of daily samples from six patients with COVID-19 showed anti-nucleocapsid and spike antibodies appearing between day 8 and day 14 after initial symptoms. Immunocompromised patients generally had a delayed antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 compared to immunocompetent patients. CONCLUSIONS: Antibody to the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 is more sensitive than spike protein antibody for detecting early infection. Analyzing heat-inactivated samples by LIPS is a safe and sensitive method for detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
[690] 2019 冠状病毒病患者检测严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 核衣壳和刺突蛋白抗体的灵敏度传染病杂志， 2020， 222（2）： 206-213.背景： SARS-CoV-2 是 2019 冠状病毒病 （COVID-19） 的病因，与呼吸系统相关的发病率和死亡率有关。检测病毒特异性抗体的检测对于了解感染的流行率和免疫反应的病程非常重要。方法： 通过荧光素酶免疫沉淀测定系统 （LIPS） 对 SARS-CoV-2 感染患者的 100 份横截面或纵向样本中的核衣壳和刺突蛋白的血浆或血清抗体进行定量测量。测试了有和没有热灭活的样品子集。结果： 症状出现后 15 天或以上，SARS-CoV-2 核衣壳蛋白抗体显示 100% 的敏感性和 100% 的特异性，而刺突蛋白抗体的检测灵敏度为 91%，特异性为 100%。样品的热灭活均未显著降低抗体水平和血清阳性率。 对六名 COVID-19 患者的每日样本分析显示，在出现初始症状的第 8 天至第 14 天之间，出现了针对核衣壳和刺突蛋白的抗体。与免疫健全患者相比，免疫抑制患者的 SARS-CoV-2 抗体反应通常延迟。结论：SARS-CoV-2 核衣壳蛋白抗体比刺突蛋白抗体对检测早期感染更敏感。通过 LIPS 分析热灭活样本是一种安全且敏感的检测 SARS-CoV-2 抗体的方法。

[691] Cephalopod‐Inspired High Dynamic Range Mechano‐Imaging in Polymeric Materials Advanced Functional Materials, 2020, 30(38).
[691] 聚合物材料中的章鱼启发式高动态范围机械成像，先进功能材料，2020，30(38)。

[692] When Nanocellulose Meets Diffraction Grating: Freestanding Photonic Paper with Programmable Optical Coupling Materials Horizons, 2020, 7(2): 511-519. Photonic crystals based on plasmonic or dielectric periodic structures have attracted considerable interest owing to their capabilities to control light-matter interactions with tailored precision. By using a nanocellulose derived chiral liquid crystal as a building block, here we demonstrate a bio-inspired dual photonic structure that contains the combination of microscopic periodic 1D surface grating and nanoscopic helical organization, giving rise to programmable colour mixing and polarization rotation. We show that a variation in the photonic band-gap in the bulk matrix leads to simultaneous control over the reflection and diffraction of light with controllable iridescence.
纳米纤维素与衍射光栅相遇：具有可编程光学耦合材料的独立光子纸《材料前沿》，2020，7(2)：511-519。基于等离子体或介电周期结构的等离子体晶体因其能够以定制精度控制光-物质相互作用而引起了相当大的兴趣。通过使用一种由纳米纤维素衍生的手性液晶作为构建块，我们在此展示了受生物启发的双光子结构，该结构包含微观周期性一维表面光栅和纳米级螺旋组织相结合，从而产生可编程的色彩混合和偏振旋转。我们表明，在体矩阵中光子带隙的变化导致了对光反射和衍射的同时控制，具有可控的彩虹色。

[693] Polysaccharide as Renewable Responsive Biopolymer for Gel in the Delivery of Drug through Ocular Route International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2020, 150: 559-572. The major complications associated with the administration of ocular dosage forms are the precorneal loss due to the nasolacrimal drainage and high turnover of tear fluid. In situ forming gels are developed to overcome these complications. In situ gelling systems are polymeric solutions converted into a viscoelastic gel in the ocular surface due to a change in temperature, ionic strength, and p(H). Recently, the use of responsive polysaccharides containing in situ gel formulation has increased due to its biocompatible nature, non-toxicity, and biodegradability. The research on in situ gel using polysaccharide in the delivery of drug molecules through the ocular route has diversified in various fields. However, there is no report are available that summaries this progress. The aim of this article is to bridge that lacuna. We discuss different polysaccharides based in situ gel including pH, temperature, ion and multiple sensitive used in ocular drug delivery. The nanoformulation incorporated polysaccharide in situ gels for ocular drug delivery has also been highlighted. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
[693] 作为通过眼药途径给药凝胶的可再生响应性生物大分子多糖，国际生物大分子杂志，2020，150：559-572。与眼药剂型给药相关的主要并发症是鼻泪管引起的角膜前损失和泪液的高周转率。现场形成凝胶被开发出来以克服这些并发症。现场凝胶系统是聚合物溶液在眼表由于温度、离子强度和 pH 值的变化而转化为粘弹性凝胶。最近，由于响应性多糖含有现场凝胶配方，其生物相容性、无毒性和生物降解性，其使用量有所增加。关于使用多糖通过眼药途径递送药物分子的现场凝胶的研究在各个领域多样化。然而，没有报告总结这一进展。本文的目的是填补这一空白。我们讨论了用于眼药递送的不同多糖现场凝胶，包括 pH 值、温度、离子和多重敏感性的应用。 纳米制剂中结合了用于眼部药物递送的原位凝胶多糖，也得到了突出。© 2020 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[694] Photonic Crystal Stimuli-Responsive Chromatic Sensors: A Short Review Micromachines, 2020, 11(3). Photonic crystals (PhC) are spatially ordered structures with lattice parameters comparable to the wavelength of propagating light. Their geometrical and refractive index features lead to an energy band structure for photons, which may allow or forbid the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a limited frequency range. These unique properties have attracted much attention for both theoretical and applied research. Devices such as high-reflection omnidirectional mirrors, low-loss waveguides, and high- and low-reflection coatings have been demonstrated, and several application areas have been explored, from optical communications and color displays to energy harvest and sensors. In this latter area, photonic crystal fibers (PCF) have proven to be very suitable for the development of highly performing sensors, but one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) PhCs have been successfully employed, too. The working principle of most PhC sensors is based on the fact that any physical phenomenon which affects the periodicity and the refractive index of the PhC structure induces changes in the intensity and spectral characteristics of the reflected, transmitted or diffracted light; thus, optical measurements allow one to sense, for instance, temperature, pressure, strain, chemical parameters, like pH and ionic strength, and the presence of chemical or biological elements. In the present article, after a brief general introduction, we present a review of the state of the art of PhC sensors, with particular reference to our own results in the field of mechanochromic sensors. We believe that PhC sensors based on changes of structural color and mechanochromic effect are able to provide a promising, technologically simple, low-cost platform for further developing devices and functionalities.
[694] 光子晶体刺激响应色度传感器：简评。Micromachines，2020，11(3)。光子晶体（PhC）是具有与传播光波长相当晶格参数的有序空间结构。它们的几何和折射率特性导致光子能带结构，这可能在有限的频率范围内允许或禁止电磁波的传播。这些独特的性质吸引了理论和应用研究的高度关注。已经展示了高反射全向镜、低损耗波导和高低反射涂层等设备，并探索了多个应用领域，从光通信和彩色显示器到能量收集和传感器。在后一个领域，光子晶体光纤（PCF）已被证明非常适合开发高性能传感器，但一维（1D）、二维（2D）和三维（3D）光子晶体也已被成功应用。 大多数光子晶体（PhC）传感器的原理基于这样一个事实：任何影响 PhC 结构周期性和折射率的物理现象都会引起反射、透射或衍射光的强度和光谱特性的变化；因此，光学测量允许人们感知温度、压力、应变、化学参数，如 pH 值和离子强度，以及化学或生物元素的存在。在本文中，在简要介绍之后，我们回顾了 PhC 传感器领域的最新进展，特别是我们自己在机械色变传感器领域的成果。我们相信，基于结构色变化和机械色变效应的 PhC 传感器能够提供一个有前景、技术简单、低成本的平台，以进一步开发设备和功能。

[695] Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Anti-Sars-Cov-2 Igg, Using Lanthanide-Doped Nanoparticles-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassay Analytical Chemistry, 2020, 92(10): 7226-7231. The outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been a challenge for hospital laboratories because of the huge number of samples that must be tested for the presence of the causative pathogen, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Simple and rapid immunodiagnostic methods are urgently needed to identify positive cases. Here we report the development of a rapid and sensitive lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) that uses lanthanide-doped polysterene nanoparticles LNPs) to detect anti-SARV-CoV-2 IgG in human serum. A recombinant nucleocapsid phosphoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 was dispensed onto a nitrocellulose membrane to capture specific IgG. Mouse anti-human IgG antibody was labeled with self-assembled LNPs that served as a fluorescent reporter. A 100-mu L aliquot of serum samples (1:1000 dilution) was used for this assay and the whole detection process took 10 min. The results of the validation experiment met the requirements for clinical diagnostic reagents. A value of 0.0666 was defined as the cutoff value by assaying 51 normal samples. We tested 7 samples that were positive by reverse-transcription (RT-)PCR and 12 that were negative but clinically suspicious for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG. One of the negative samples was determined to be SARS-CoV-2 IgG positive, while the results for the other samples were consistent with those obtained by RT-PCR. Thus, this assay can achieve rapid and sensitive detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG in human serum and allow positive identification in suspicious cases; it can also be useful for monitoring the progression COVID-19 and evaluating patients' response to treatment.
[695] 基于镧系掺杂纳米颗粒的侧流免疫层析法快速灵敏检测 SARS-CoV-2 IgG，分析化学，2020，92(10): 7226-7231。2019 冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的爆发对医院实验室来说是一个挑战，因为必须对大量样本进行检测以确定致病病原体——严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）的存在。迫切需要简单快速的免疫诊断方法来识别阳性病例。在此，我们报道了一种使用镧系掺杂聚苯乙烯纳米颗粒（LNPs）的快速灵敏侧流免疫层析法（LFIA）来检测人血清中的抗 SARV-CoV-2 IgG。将 SARS-CoV-2 的核壳磷酸蛋白重组体滴加到硝酸纤维素膜上以捕获特异性 IgG。小鼠抗人 IgG 抗体用自组装的 LNPs 标记，作为荧光报告剂。本实验使用血清样本的 100-μl 份（1:1000 稀释）进行检测，整个检测过程耗时 10 分钟。验证实验的结果符合临床诊断试剂的要求。 将 0.0666 定义为截止值，通过检测 51 个正常样本得出。我们测试了 7 个通过逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测为阳性的样本和 12 个检测结果为阴性但临床可疑存在抗 SARS-CoV-2 IgG 的样本。其中 1 个阴性样本被确定为 SARS-CoV-2 IgG 阳性，而其他样本的结果与 RT-PCR 检测结果一致。因此，该检测方法可以实现人类血清中抗 SARS-CoV-2 IgG 的快速和敏感检测，并在可疑病例中进行阳性鉴定；它还可以用于监测 COVID-19 的进展和评估患者对治疗的反应。

[696] Instant Tough Bioadhesive with Triggerable Benign Detachment Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020, 117(27): 15497-15503. Bioadhesives such as tissue adhesives, hemostatic agents, and tissue sealants have potential advantages over sutures and staples for wound closure, hemostasis, and integration of implantable devices onto wet tissues. However, existing bioadhesives display several limitations including slow adhesion formation, weak bonding, low biocompatibility, poor mechanical match with tissues, and/or lack of triggerable benign detachment. Here, we report a bioadhesive that can form instant tough adhesion on various wet dynamic tissues and can be benignly detached from the adhered tissues on demand with a biocompatible triggering solution. The adhesion of the bioadhesive relies on the removal of interfacial water from the tissue surface, followed by physical and covalent cross-linking with the tissue surface. The triggerable detachment of the bioadhesive results from the cleavage of bioadhesive's crosslinks with the tissue surface by the triggering solution. After it is adhered to wet tissues, the bioadhesive becomes a tough hydrogel with mechanical compliance and stretchability comparable with those of soft tissues. We validate in vivo biocompatibility of the bioadhesive and the triggering solution in a rat model and demonstrate potential applications of the bioadhesive with triggerable benign detachment in ex vivo porcine models.
[696] 可触发的即时坚韧生物粘合剂及其良性脱落过程美国国家科学院院刊，2020，117(27)：15497-15503。生物粘合剂，如组织粘合剂、止血剂和组织密封剂，在伤口闭合、止血和将植入设备整合到湿润组织中具有比缝合线和别针的潜在优势。然而，现有的生物粘合剂存在一些局限性，包括粘合形成慢、粘合力弱、生物相容性低、与组织的机械匹配差以及/或缺乏可触发的良性脱落。在此，我们报道了一种生物粘合剂，它可以在各种湿润动态组织中形成即时坚韧的粘合，并且可以通过生物相容的触发溶液按需从粘附的组织中良性脱落。生物粘合剂的粘合依赖于从组织表面去除界面水，然后与组织表面进行物理和共价交联。生物粘合剂的触发脱落是由于触发溶液切割生物粘合剂与组织表面的交联。 在粘附于湿润组织后，生物粘合剂变成了一种具有机械顺应性和可拉伸性的坚韧水凝胶，其性能与软组织相当。我们在大鼠模型中验证了生物粘合剂和触发溶液的体内生物相容性，并在离体猪模型中展示了具有可触发良性脱落的生物粘合剂的潜在应用。

[697] Design of Strong and Tough Methylcellulose-Based Hydrogels Using Kosmotropic Hofmeister Salts Cellulose, 2020, 27(3): 1113-1126. Design of strong and tough hydrogels had made significant progress recently. However, most of the cellulose-based hydrogels are soft and brittle. In this work, we fabricate a class of strong and tough hydrogels by simply soaking poly (acrylamide) (PAM)/methylcellulose (MC) hydrogels in kosmotropic solutions. The kosmotropic ions could notably enhance the hydrophobic interactions and chain bundlings of MC. As a consequence, the obtained optimal ammonium sulfate [(NH4)(2)SO4] treated PAM/MC gel with a water content of approximately 30 wt% exhibit predominant mechanical properties, with the fracture tensile strength of 4.4 MPa, fracture elongation of 690%, elastic modulus of 3.8 MPa, and toughness of 19.3 MJ/m(3), superior to that of the most existing cellulose-based hydrogels. The enhancement of mechanical properties could be ascribed to the formation of more hydrophobic associations in methylcellulose network. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the methylcellulose-based hydrogels could be facile and finely tuned by varying the post soaking time and the kind of Hofmeister salts. We expect that this work may enrich the avenue in the preparation and regulation of MC-hydrogels for promising applications in biomedical and load-bearing fields. Graphic abstract The obtained PAM/MC-A(s) gels possessed eminent mechanical performances. Additionally, the mechanical properties of MC-based hydrogels could be facile and finely tuned by soaking in different kosmotropic anions solution. [GRAPHICS] .
[697] 利用 Kosmotropic Hofmeister 盐设计强韧甲基纤维素水凝胶，2020，27(3)：1113-1126。近年来，强韧水凝胶的设计取得了显著进展。然而，大多数基于纤维素的 hydrogels 都较软且易碎。在本工作中，我们通过将聚（丙烯酰胺）（PAM）/甲基纤维素（MC）水凝胶浸泡在 Kosmotropic 溶液中，简单制备了一类强韧水凝胶。Kosmotropic 离子可以显著增强 MC 的疏水相互作用和链束。因此，获得的最佳硫酸铵[(NH4)2SO4]处理 PAM/MC 凝胶，含水量约为 30 wt%，表现出优异的力学性能，断裂拉伸强度为 4.4 MPa，断裂伸长率为 690%，弹性模量为 3.8 MPa，韧性为 19.3 MJ/m(3)，优于大多数现有的纤维素基水凝胶。力学性能的提升可归因于甲基纤维素网络中形成更多的疏水关联。 此外，通过改变后浸泡时间和霍夫迈斯特盐的种类，甲基纤维素基水凝胶的机械性能可以轻松且精细地调节。我们预计这项工作可能会丰富 MC 水凝胶的制备和调控途径，为生物医学和承重领域的应用带来希望。图解摘要：获得的 PAM/MC-A(s)凝胶具有卓越的机械性能。此外，通过浸泡在不同 kosmotropic 阴离子溶液中，基于 MC 的水凝胶的机械性能可以轻松且精细地调节。[图形]

[698] Recent Advances in Mechano-Responsive Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications ACS Applied Polymer Materials, 2020, 2(3): 1092-1107. Mechanical responsiveness is prevalent in biological systems and plays an essential role in many biomechanical processes. The past two decades have witnessed enormous effort devoted to the development of biomimetic mechano-responsive hydrogels which are capable of adapting their physical and chemical properties to external mechanical stimuli. Due to the combination of tissue similarity and mechano-responsive properties, this type of hydrogel offers great advantages for diverse biomedical applications. Strain-stiffening and self-healing hydrogels duplicate the physiological properties of biological tissues, serving as promising candidates for artificial tissues, tissue scaffolds, and wound dressings. The shear-thinning property provides the hydrogels injectability, and the regional delivery contributes to minimally invasive treatment. Mechanochromic hydrogels allow the direct visualization of mechanical stress, holding great promise in biosensing and diagnosing. This review highlights the most recent developments in mechano-responsive hydrogels with various applications in the biomedical field. Different types of mechano-responsive hydrogels are introduced with focus on their responsive mechanisms, design strategies, and in vitro/in vivo performances, providing useful insights into the understanding and future research directions of mechano-responsive hydrogels with applications in biomedical engineering.
[698] 生物医学应用中机械响应型水凝胶的近期进展 ACS 应用聚合物材料，2020，2(3)：1092-1107。机械响应性在生物系统中普遍存在，并在许多生物力学过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。在过去二十年里，人们投入了巨大的努力来开发能够适应外部机械刺激的仿生机械响应型水凝胶。由于结合了组织相似性和机械响应性，这类水凝胶在多种生物医学应用中具有显著优势。应变硬化型和自修复型水凝胶复制了生物组织的生理特性，是人工组织、组织支架和敷料的潜在候选者。剪切稀释特性提供了水凝胶的注射性，区域递送有助于微创治疗。机械着色水凝胶允许直接可视化机械应力，在生物传感和诊断方面具有巨大潜力。 本综述重点介绍了机械响应性水凝胶在生物医学领域的最新进展，介绍了不同类型的机械响应性水凝胶，重点关注其响应机制、设计策略和体外/体内性能，为理解应用于生物医学工程中的机械响应性水凝胶及其未来研究方向提供了有益的见解。

[699] Proanthocyanidin-Crosslinked Collagen/Konjac Glucomannan Hydrogel with Improved Mechanical Properties and Mri Trackable Biodegradation for Potential Tissue Engineering Scaffolds Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2020, 8(2): 316-331. Collagen (Col) has been intensively exploited as a biomaterial for its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradation and bioactivity. However, the poor mechanical properties and rapid biodegradation of reconstituted collagen hydrogels have always been the bottlenecks for their further development especially for vascular tissue engineering. Herein, based on the self-assembly characteristics of collagen, a ternary hydrogel scaffold, comprising rigid collagen molecules, flexible konjac glucomannan (KGM) chains and biocompatible crosslinkers of proanthocyanidin (PA), has been designed to achieve a synergistic interaction for essentially optimizing the mechanical properties of the so-obtained Col/KGM/PA hydrogel, which possesses not only substantially improved strength but also good elasticity. PA endows these scaffolds with controllable biodegradation and anti-calcification and antioxidant activities. TEM discovered the co-existence of two types of fibrils with distinctly different arrangement patterns, explaining the contribution of KGM macromolecules to elasticity generation. The in vivo variations of Col/KGM/PA implants are visualized in real-time by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Moreover, a quantitative technique of MRI T-2-mapping combined with histology is designed to visualize the in vivo biodegradation mechanism of layer-by-layer erosion for these hydrogels. Simultaneously, three different relationships between the respective processes of in vivo degradation and in vivo dehydration of these controlled hydrogel implants were clearly revealed by this technique. Such a designed Col/KGM/PA composite hydrogel realizes the essential integration of good biocompatibility, controllable biodegradation and improved mechanical properties for developing a desired scaffold material for tissue engineering applications.
[699] 改善机械性能和 MRI 追踪生物降解的类黄酮交联胶原蛋白/魔芋甘露聚糖水凝胶，用于潜在组织工程支架，材料化学 B 杂志，2020，8(2)：316-331。胶原蛋白（Col）因其优异的生物相容性、生物降解性和生物活性而被广泛用作生物材料。然而，重组胶原蛋白水凝胶的较差机械性能和快速生物降解一直是其进一步发展的瓶颈，尤其是在血管组织工程方面。在此，基于胶原蛋白的自组装特性，设计了一种三元水凝胶支架，由刚性胶原蛋白分子、柔性魔芋甘露聚糖（KGM）链和生物相容性类黄酮（PA）交联剂组成，以实现协同作用，从而优化所得 Col/KGM/PA 水凝胶的机械性能，该水凝胶不仅强度显著提高，而且具有良好的弹性。PA 赋予这些支架可控的生物降解性、抗钙化和抗氧化活性。 TEM 发现了两种具有明显不同排列模式的纤维共存，解释了 KGM 大分子对弹性生成的贡献。通过磁共振成像（MRI）实时可视化 Col/KGM/PA 植入物的体内变化。此外，设计了一种结合组织学的 MRI T-2 映射定量技术，以可视化这些水凝胶的体内逐层降解机制。同时，通过这项技术，清楚地揭示了这些控制水凝胶植入物体内降解和体内脱水的三种不同关系。这种设计的 Col/KGM/PA 复合水凝胶实现了良好的生物相容性、可控的生物降解性和改进的机械性能，这对于开发组织工程应用的理想支架材料至关重要。

[700] Mechanochromism of Structural‐Colored Materials Advanced Optical Materials, 2020, 8(19).
[700] 结构色材料的机械变色 Advanced Optical Materials, 2020, 8(19).

[701] Improved Molecular Diagnosis of Covid-19 by the Novel, Highly Sensitive and Specific Covid-19-Rdrp/Hel Real-Time Reverse Transcription-Pcr Assay Validated and with Clinical Specimens Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2020, 58(5). On 31 December 2019, the World Health Organization was informed of a cluster of cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China. Subsequent investigations identified a novel coronavirus, now named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), from the affected patients. Highly sensitive and specific laboratory diagnostics are important for controlling the rapidly evolving SARS-CoV-2-associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. In this study, we developed and compared the performance of three novel real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)/helicase (Hel), spike (S), and nucleocapsid (N) genes of SARS-CoV-2 with that of the reported RdRp-P2 assay, which is used in >= 30 European laboratories. Among the three novel assays, the COVID-19-RdRp/Hel assay had the lowest limit of detection in vitro (1.8 50% tissue culture infective doses [TCID50]/ml with genomic RNA and 11.2 RNA copies/reaction with in vitro RNA transcripts). Among 273 specimens from 15 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in Hong Kong, 77 (28.2%) were positive by both the COVID-19-RdRp/Hel and RdRp-P2 assays. The COVID-19RdRp/Hel assay was positive for an additional 42 RdRp-P2-negative specimens (119/ 273 [43.6%] versus 77/273 [28.2%]; P < 0.001), including 29/120 (24.2%) respiratory tract specimens and 13/153 (8.5%) non-respiratory tract specimens. The mean viral load of these specimens was 3.21 x 10(4) RNA copies/ml (range, 2.21 x 10(2) to 4.71 x 10(5) RNA copies/ml). The COVID-19-RdRp/Hel assay did not cross-react with other human-pathogenic coronaviruses and respiratory pathogens in cell culture and clinical specimens, whereas the RdRp-P2 assay cross-reacted with SARS-CoV in cell culture. The highly sensitive and specific COVID-19-RdRp/Hel assay may help to improve the laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19.
[701] 通过新型高灵敏度和特异性的 Covid-19-Rdrp/Hel 实时逆转录-PCR（RT-PCR）检测方法改进 Covid-19 的分子诊断，经临床标本验证并发表在《临床微生物学杂志》，2020 年，第 58 卷，第 5 期。2019 年 12 月 31 日，世界卫生组织得知中国武汉市出现不明原因肺炎病例聚集。随后调查发现，从受影响患者中分离出一种新型冠状病毒，现命名为严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）。高灵敏度和特异性的实验室诊断对于控制快速演变的 SARS-CoV-2 相关冠状病毒病 2019（COVID-19）疫情至关重要。在本研究中，我们开发并比较了三种针对 SARS-CoV-2 的 RNA 依赖性 RNA 聚合酶（RdRp）/解旋酶（Hel）、刺突（S）和核衣壳（N）基因的新型实时逆转录-PCR（RT-PCR）检测方法与报道的 RdRp-P2 检测方法（在≥30 个欧洲实验室中使用）的性能。 在三种新型检测方法中，COVID-19-RdRp/Hel 检测方法在体外检测限最低（基因组 RNA 为 1.8 50%组织培养感染剂量[TCID50]/ml，体外 RNA 转录本为 11.2 RNA 拷贝/反应）。在香港 273 份实验室确诊的 COVID-19 患者样本中，有 77 份（28.2%）通过 COVID-19-RdRp/Hel 和 RdRp-P2 两种检测方法均为阳性。COVID-19RdRp/Hel 检测方法对 42 份 RdRp-P2 阴性样本也呈阳性（273 份中的 119 份[43.6%]与 77 份[28.2%]相比；P < 0.001），包括 29 份/120 份（24.2%）呼吸道样本和 13 份/153 份（8.5%）非呼吸道样本。这些样本的平均病毒载量为 3.21 x 10(4) RNA 拷贝/ml（范围，2.21 x 10(2)至 4.71 x 10(5) RNA 拷贝/ml）。COVID-19-RdRp/Hel 检测方法在细胞培养和临床样本中未与其他人类致病冠状病毒和呼吸道病原体发生交叉反应，而 RdRp-P2 检测方法在细胞培养中与 SARS-CoV 发生交叉反应。高灵敏度和特异性的 COVID-19-RdRp/Hel 检测方法可能有助于提高 COVID-19 的实验室诊断。

[702] Transparent, Mechanically Robust, and Ultrastable Ionogels Enabled by Hydrogen Bonding between Elastomers and Ionic Liquids Materials Horizons, 2020, 7(3): 912-918. Nonvolatile ionogels have recently emerged as promising soft electrolyte materials for use in flexible electronics. However, it remains challenging to fabricate highly robust and stable transparent ionogels. Here, high-performance ionogels with excellent transparency, mechanical robustness, and ultrahigh stability are designed by virtue of hydrogen bonding between poly(ethyl acrylate)-based elastomers and room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs). Through rationally tuning the chemical structures of ILs and thus achieving good compatibility of ILs with elastomers, the transparent hydrophobic ionogels exhibit super-strong mechanical properties (favorable elasticity of 15-484 kPa, ultrahigh stretchability of more than 5000%, and record-high fracture toughness of up to 4.7 kJ m(-2)) and high stability (high thermal stability, high voltage stability, air stability, humidity resistance, strong self-adhesion, and non-corrosive stability). In particular, it is demonstrated that a skin-like sensor fabricated using the ionogel directly not only exhibits outstanding durability (10 000 cycles at 100% strain), but is also capable of operation under harsh environmental conditions, including high vacuum, high/low temperatures, and high humidity. It is believed that this work provides new prospects for sophisticated wearable optoelectronic devices.
[702] 基于氢键的弹性体与离子液体材料之间的透明、机械强度高、超稳定的离子凝胶材料前沿，2020，7(3)：912-918。非挥发性离子凝胶最近已成为有希望的柔性电子用软电解质材料。然而，制造高度坚固和稳定的透明离子凝胶仍然具有挑战性。在这里，通过利用基于聚（乙丙烯酸酯）的弹性体与室温离子液体（ILs）之间的氢键，设计出具有优异透明度、机械强度和超高稳定性的高性能离子凝胶。通过合理调节 ILs 的化学结构，从而实现 ILs 与弹性体的良好相容性，透明疏水性离子凝胶表现出超强的机械性能（15-484 kPa 的有利弹性、超过 5000%的超高伸长率以及高达 4.7 kJ m(-2)的创纪录高断裂韧性）和高度稳定性（高热稳定性、高电压稳定性、空气稳定性、抗湿性、强自粘性和非腐蚀稳定性）。 特别是，研究表明，使用离子凝胶直接制备的类似皮肤的传感器不仅表现出卓越的耐用性（在 100%应变下可循环 10,000 次），而且能够在恶劣的环境条件下运行，包括高真空、高/低温和高湿度。人们认为这项工作为复杂的可穿戴光电子设备提供了新的前景。

[703] Design of Active Interfaces Using Responsive Molecular Components Advanced Materials, 2020, 32(20). Responsive interfaces are interfaces that show a defined and reversible change in physical properties in response to external stimuli. Typically, responsive interfaces result from the immobilization of responsive molecular components at the interface that translate a nanoscale signal into a macroscopic effect. Responsive interfaces can also be obtained if the topology of the interface can be reversibly changed using an external stimulus. As the surface of any material is its connection to the environment, responsive interfaces provide opportunities for interactive materials which are not only able to change properties upon demand, but also sense their environment and act autonomously. The application of responsive molecular components at interfaces, however, requires chemical and physical compatibility with the material surface of interest, posing a challenge not least in the retention of the responsive functionality. The state of the art in "active" interfaces which display responsive wettability, permeability, or adhesion is discussed, with a particular emphasis on microscale and nanoscale patterning since patterned interfaces can give rise to unique material properties. Finally, perspectives in the development of responsive interfaces, as well as promising approaches for bypassing the most prominent challenges are discussed.
[703] 使用响应性分子组件设计主动界面 高分子材料，2020，32(20)。响应性界面是指在外部刺激下，物理性质发生可定义和可逆变化的界面。通常，响应性界面是由响应性分子组件在界面上的固定，将纳米级信号转换为宏观效应而产生的。如果界面的拓扑结构可以通过外部刺激进行可逆改变，也可以获得响应性界面。由于任何材料的表面都是其与环境的连接，响应性界面为交互式材料提供了机会，这些材料不仅能够在需要时改变其性质，还能感知其环境并自主行动。然而，在界面处应用响应性分子组件，需要与感兴趣的材料表面具有化学和物理相容性，这在保留响应性功能方面构成了挑战。 当前关于显示响应润湿性、渗透性或粘附性的“主动”界面的技术水平被讨论，特别强调微米和纳米级图案化，因为图案化界面可以产生独特的材料特性。最后，讨论了响应性界面的发展前景以及绕过最突出挑战的可行方法。

[704] Bowness J, Taylor A: Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anaesthesia: Visualising the Nerve and Needle, Rea P M, editor, Biomedical Visualisation, Vol 6, 2020: 19-34. [705] Smart Bilayer Polyacrylamide/DNA Hybrid Hydrogel Film Actuators Exhibiting Programmable Responsive and Reversible Macroscopic Shape Deformations Small, 2020, 16(42): 1906998. As a crucial instinct for the survival of organisms, adaptive smart deformation has been well shown via profusely astounding examples within biological morphogenesis in nature, which inspired the construction of biomimetic shape-morphing materials with controlled actuating behaviors. Herein, the construction of nature-inspired bilayer hydrogel film actuators, composed of a polyacrylamide hydrogel passive layer and a polyacrylamide-DNA hybrid hydrogel active layer, which exhibited programmable stimuli-responsive and reversible macroscopic shape deformations directed by the sequence of DNA crosslinking units in the active layer, is reported. As a proof-of-concept, the introduction of DNA i-motif based crosslinking structures into the active layer, which can undergo pH-stimulated formation and dissociation of crosslinking between polymers and therefore change the crosslinking density of the active layer, lead to the redistribution of the internal stresses within the bilayer structure, and result in the pH-stimulated shape deformations. By programming the sequence of DNA units in the active layer, a Ag+/Cysteamine-stimulated bilayer DNA hybrid hydrogel film actuator is further constructed and exhibits excellent actuation behaviors. Thanks to the micrometer-scale thickness of the films, these actuators exhibit a high degree of macroscopic and reversible shape deformations at high speed, which may find use in future smart biosensing and biomedical applications.
[704] Bowness J, Taylor A: 超声引导区域麻醉：神经和针头的可视化，Rea P M 编著，《生物医学可视化》，第 6 卷，2020 年：19-34。 [705] 具有可编程响应和可逆宏观形状变形的智能双层聚丙烯酰胺/DNA 混合水凝胶薄膜驱动器 Small，2020，16(42)：1906998。作为生物体生存的关键本能，适应性智能变形已在自然界生物形态发生中通过大量令人惊叹的例子得到充分展示，这启发了具有可控驱动行为的仿生形状变形材料的构建。在此，报告了由聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶被动层和聚丙烯酰胺-DNA 混合水凝胶活性层组成的自然界启发双层水凝胶薄膜驱动器的构建，该驱动器在活性层中 DNA 交联单元的序列控制下表现出可编程的刺激响应和可逆的宏观形状变形。 作为一种概念验证，将基于 DNA i-基序的交联结构引入活性层，这些结构可以经历 pH 刺激的聚合物间交联的形成和分离，从而改变活性层的交联密度，导致双层结构内部应力的重新分布，并导致 pH 刺激的形状变形。通过编程活性层中 DNA 单元的序列，进一步构建了 Ag+/半胱氨酸刺激的双层 DNA 杂交水凝胶薄膜驱动器，并表现出优异的驱动行为。由于薄膜的微米级厚度，这些驱动器在高速下表现出高程度的宏观可逆形状变形，可能在未来的智能生物传感和生物医学应用中找到用途。

[706] Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Used for Selective Isolation and Detection Of Food Chemistry, 2020, 321: 126673. In this work, a novel method was developed, for isolation of S. aureus from complex (food) samples using molecular imprinting. Dopamine was used as a functional monomer and fluorescence microscopy was used for detection. Conditions for preparation of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), adsorption performance, adsorption kinetic, and selectivity of the polymeric layers were investigated. The various procedures were combined in a single extraction process, with the imprinted layer on the surface of the magnetic particles (magnetic MIPs). Subsequently, MIPs were used for extraction of S. aureus from milk and rice. Moreover, raw milk from cows with mastitis was tested successfully. Using this novel MIP-based method, it was possible to detect bacteria in milk at 1 x 10(3) CFU.ml(-1), which corresponds to the limit set in European Union legislation for microbial control of food.
[706] 用于选择性分离和检测食品化学的磁性分子印迹聚合物，2020，321：126673。在这项工作中，开发了一种新方法，用于从复杂（食品）样品中分离金黄色葡萄球菌，采用分子印迹技术。多巴胺被用作功能单体，荧光显微镜用于检测。研究了分子印迹聚合物（MIPs）的制备条件、吸附性能、吸附动力学和聚合物层的选择性。各种步骤结合在一个单一的提取过程中，在磁性颗粒表面形成印迹层（磁性 MIPs）。随后，MIPs 用于从牛奶和大米中提取金黄色葡萄球菌。此外，对患有乳腺炎的奶牛的生牛奶进行了成功测试。使用这种基于新型 MIP 的方法，可以在 1 x 10(3) CFU.ml(-1)的浓度下检测牛奶中的细菌，这相当于欧盟食品安全微生物控制的法规设定的限制。

[707] Brush‐Paintable, Temperature and Light Responsive Triple Shape‐Memory Photonic Coatings Based on Micrometer‐Sized Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Polymer Particles Advanced Optical Materials, 2020, 8(9).
[707] 基于微米级胆甾相液晶聚合物颗粒的刷涂型、温度和光响应三形变光子涂层 高级光学材料，2020，8(9)。

[708] Rapid Detection of Sars-Cov-2 by Low Volume Real-Time Single Tube Reverse Transcription Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Using an Exo Probe with an Internally Linked Quencher (Exo-Iq) Clinical Chemistry, 2020, 66(8): 1047-1054. BACKGROUND: The current outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has spread to almost every country with more than 5 million confirmed cases and over 300,000 deaths as of May 26, 2020. Rapid first-line testing protocols are needed for outbreak control and surveillance. METHODS: We used computational and manual designs to generate a suitable set of reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) primer and exonuclease probe, internally quenched (exo-IQ), sequences targeting the SARS-CoV-2 N gene. RT-RPA sensitivity was determined by amplification of in vitro transcribed RNA standards. Assay selectivity was demonstrated with a selectivity panel of 32 nucleic acid samples derived from common respiratory viruses. To validate the assay against full-length SARS-CoV-2 RNA, total viral RNA derived from cell culture supernatant and 19 nasopharyngeal swab samples (8 positive and 11 negative for SARS-CoV-2) were screened. All results were compared to established RT-qPCR assays. RESULTS: The 95% detection probability of the RT-RPA assay was determined to be 7.74 (95% CI: 2.87-27.39) RNA copies per reaction. The assay showed no cross-reactivity to any other screened coronaviruses or respiratory viruses of clinical significance. The developed RT-RPA assay produced 100% diagnostic sensitivity and specificity when compared to RT-qPCR (n = 20). CONCLUSIONS: With a run time of 15 to 20 minutes and first results being available in under 7 minutes for high RNA concentrations, the reported assay constitutes one of the fastest nucleic acid based detection methods for SARS-CoV-2 to date and may provide a simple-to-use alternative to RT-qPCR for first-line screening at the point of need.
[708] 利用内联淬灭剂（Exo-Iq）的低量实时单管逆转录重组酶聚合酶扩增法快速检测 SARS-CoV-2，《临床化学》，2020，66(8)：1047-1054。背景：截至 2020 年 5 月 26 日，SARS-CoV-2 的当前疫情已蔓延至几乎每个国家，累计确诊病例超过 500 万，死亡人数超过 30 万。需要快速的一线检测方案以控制疫情和进行监测。方法：我们利用计算和手工设计生成了一组针对 SARS-CoV-2 N 基因的逆转录重组酶聚合酶扩增（RT-RPA）引物和内切酶探针（exo-IQ）。通过扩增体外转录的 RNA 标准品来确定 RT-RPA 的敏感性。使用由常见呼吸道病毒来源的 32 个核酸样本的特异性面板证明了检测的特异性。为了验证该检测针对全长 SARS-CoV-2 RNA 的有效性，筛选了来自细胞培养上清液和 19 个鼻咽拭子样本（8 个 SARS-CoV-2 阳性，11 个阴性）的总病毒 RNA。 所有结果均与已建立的 RT-qPCR 检测方法进行了比较。结果：RT-RPA 检测方法的 95%检测概率为每反应 7.74（95% CI：2.87-27.39）个 RNA 拷贝。该检测方法对任何其他筛选的冠状病毒或具有临床意义的呼吸道病毒均无交叉反应。与 RT-qPCR 相比（n = 20），开发的 RT-RPA 检测方法产生了 100%的诊断灵敏度和特异性。结论：运行时间为 15 至 20 分钟，对于高 RNA 浓度，7 分钟内即可获得首次结果，该检测方法是目前最快的基于核酸的 SARS-CoV-2 检测方法之一，可能为现场一线筛查提供一种简单易用的 RT-qPCR 替代方案。

[709] Development of a Reverse Transcription-Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification as a Rapid Early-Detection Method for Novel Sars-Cov-2 Emerging Microbes & Infections, 2020, 9(1): 998-1007. The previous outbreaks of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV have led researchers to study the role of diagnostics in impediment of further spread and transmission. With the recent emergence of the novel SARS-CoV-2, the availability of rapid, sensitive, and reliable diagnostic methods is essential for disease control. Hence, we have developed a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for the specific detection of SARS-CoV-2. The primer sets for RT-LAMP assay were designed to target the nucleocapsid gene of the viral RNA, and displayed a detection limit of 10(2) RNA copies close to that of qRT-PCR. Notably, the assay has exhibited a rapid detection span of 30 min combined with the colorimetric visualization. This test can detect specifically viral RNAs of the SARS-CoV-2 with no cross-reactivity to related coronaviruses, such as HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, and MERS-CoV as well as human infectious influenza viruses (type B, H1N1pdm, H3N2, H5N1, H5N6, H5N8, and H7N9), and other respiratory disease-causing viruses (RSVA, RSVB, ADV, PIV, MPV, and HRV). Furthermore, the developed RT-LAMP assay has been evaluated using specimens collected from COVID-19 patients that exhibited high agreement to the qRT-PCR. Our RT-LAMP assay is simple to perform, less expensive, time-efficient, and can be used in clinical laboratories for preliminary detection of SARS-CoV-2 in suspected patients. In addition to the high sensitivity and specificity, this isothermal amplification conjugated with a single-tube colorimetric detection method may contribute to the public health responses and disease control, especially in the areas with limited laboratory capacities.
[709] 开发逆转录环介导等温扩增法作为新型 Sars-Cov-2 新兴微生物与感染的快速早期检测方法，2020，9(1): 998-1007。SARS-CoV 和 MERS-CoV 的先前爆发导致研究人员研究诊断在阻止进一步传播和传播中的作用。随着新型 SARS-CoV-2 的最近出现，快速、灵敏和可靠的诊断方法对于疾病控制至关重要。因此，我们开发了一种逆转录环介导等温扩增法（RT-LAMP）检测 SARS-CoV-2。RT-LAMP 检测的引物针对病毒 RNA 的核壳基因，检测限接近 qRT-PCR 的 10(2) RNA 拷贝。值得注意的是，该检测方法结合了比色可视化，检测范围为 30 分钟。 该测试可特异性检测 SARS-CoV-2 的病毒 RNA，对相关冠状病毒如 HCoV-229E、HCoV-NL63、HCoV-OC43 和 MERS-CoV 以及人类感染性流感病毒（B 型、H1N1pdm、H3N2、H5N1、H5N6、H5N8 和 H7N9）以及其他呼吸道疾病病毒（RSVA、RSVB、ADV、PIV、MPV 和 HRV）无交叉反应。此外，开发的 RT-LAMP 检测方法已使用从 COVID-19 患者采集的样本进行评估，与 qRT-PCR 高度一致。我们的 RT-LAMP 检测方法操作简单、成本低廉、时间高效，可用于临床实验室对疑似患者进行 SARS-CoV-2 的初步检测。除了高灵敏度和特异性外，这种与单管比色检测方法相结合的等温扩增可能有助于公共卫生响应和疾病控制，尤其是在实验室能力有限的地区。

[710] Paper-Based Colorimetric Spot Test Utilizing Smartphone Sensing for Detection of Biomarkers Talanta, 2020, 208: 120446-120452. The need for a continuous, real-time monitoring of specific diseases represents an unmet scientific need. Evidently, cancer is one of the most important diseases where it is crucial to increase the rates of patient survival and monitor disease prognosis. Herein, a novel type of immunoassay was developed for detection of cancer biomarkers, using alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and mucin-16 (MUC16) as model analytes. Using gold nanoparticle (AuNP) bioconjugates as a signal production tool, relevant antibody (Ab)-conjugated AuNPs were prepared on the nitrocellulose (NC) membrane. To construct a spot-like point-of-care (POC) immunoassay, cysteamine conjugated AuNPs (AuNP-Cys) were immobilized on the NC membrane and antibodies were conjugated to the nanoparticle on the detection pad, following a treatment with the samples that contains AFP or MUC16 which are well-known protein biomarkers for liver and ovarian cancer. By using the change in the colorimetric properties of AuNPs, detection of tumor markers was achieved by using a smartphone image and color analysis software at the final stage. Image J application was used for the evaluation of color changes depending on the biomarker concentration in buffer or spiked synthetic serum samples. The linear range was found as 0.1 ng/mL-100 ng/mL for AFP and 0.1-10 ng/mL for MUC16. Limit-of-detection (LOA) was calculated as 1.054 ng/mL and 0.413 ng/mL for AFP and MUC16, respectively. Interferent molecules, Her2, Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were tested on the system. Furthermore, synthetic serum samples spiked with selected analyte molecule were applied on the system and measured successfully.
基于纸张的比色点式测试利用智能手机传感检测生物标志物 Talanta，2020，208：120446-120452。对特定疾病进行持续、实时监测的需求代表了未满足的科学需求。显然，癌症是其中最重要的疾病之一，增加患者生存率和监测疾病预后至关重要。在此，开发了一种新型免疫测定方法用于检测癌症生物标志物，以甲胎蛋白（AFP）和粘蛋白-16（MUC16）作为模型分析物。利用金纳米粒子（AuNP）生物偶联物作为信号产生工具，在硝酸纤维素（NC）膜上制备了相关抗体（Ab）偶联的 AuNPs。为了构建类似点式即时检测（POC）免疫测定，将半胱氨酸偶联的 AuNPs（AuNP-Cys）固定在 NC 膜上，并将抗体偶联到检测垫上的纳米粒子上，随后用含有 AFP 或 MUC16 的样品进行处理，这些是已知用于肝和卵巢癌的蛋白质生物标志物。 通过利用金纳米颗粒的比色性质变化，在最终阶段使用智能手机图像和颜色分析软件实现了肿瘤标志物的检测。使用 Image J 应用程序评估了缓冲液或添加了合成血清样本的生物标志物浓度引起的颜色变化。线性范围为 AFP 0.1 ng/mL-100 ng/mL 和 MUC16 0.1-10 ng/mL。检测限（LOD）分别计算为 AFP 1.054 ng/mL 和 MUC16 0.413 ng/mL。对干扰分子 Her2、免疫球蛋白 G（IgG）和牛血清白蛋白（BSA）进行了系统测试。此外，向系统中添加了含有选定分析物分子的合成血清样本，并成功进行了测量。

[711] Xanthan Gum-Konjac Glucomannan Blend Hydrogel for Wound Healing Polymers, 2020, 12(1). Hydrogels are considered to be the most ideal materials for the production of wound dressings since they display a three-dimensional structure that mimics the native extracellular matrix of skin as well as a high-water content, which confers a moist environment at the wound site. Until now, different polymers have been used, alone or blended, for the production of hydrogels aimed for this biomedical application. From the best of our knowledge, the application of a xanthan gum-konjac glucomannan blend has not been used for the production of wound dressings. Herein, a thermo-reversible hydrogel composed of xanthan gum-konjac glucomannan (at different concentrations (1% and 2% w/v) and ratios (50/50 and 60/40)) was produced and characterized. The obtained data emphasize the excellent physicochemical and biological properties of the produced hydrogels, which are suitable for their future application as wound dressings.
[711] 黄原胶-魔芋甘露聚糖混合水凝胶用于伤口愈合聚合物，2020，12(1)。水凝胶被认为是生产伤口敷料的最佳材料，因为它们具有三维结构，类似于皮肤的原生细胞外基质，以及高含水量，可在伤口部位提供湿润环境。迄今为止，已经使用不同的聚合物，单独或混合，用于生产针对这种生物医学应用的凝胶。据我们所知，黄原胶-魔芋甘露聚糖混合物尚未用于生产伤口敷料。在此，制备并表征了一种由黄原胶-魔芋甘露聚糖（不同浓度（1%和 2% w/v）和比例（50/50 和 60/40））组成的可逆热凝胶。获得的数据强调了所制备凝胶优异的物理化学和生物特性，这些特性使其适合未来作为伤口敷料的应用。

[712] Bio-Inspired Photonic Crystals for Naked Eye Quantification of Nucleic Acids Analyst, 2019, 144(18): 5413-5419. Herein, a chip imitating the desert beetle shell was presented for naked eye nucleic acid quantification. The hydrophobic photonic crystal substrate treated by ultraviolet local irradiation could effectively disperse the sample into hundreds of droplets for digital loop-mediated isothermal amplification (dLAMP). Pyrophosphate (PPI), a by-product of the LAMP reaction, combined with magnesium ions to form a poorly soluble precipitate. It could be fixed on a silica substrate due to complexation, resulting in the disappearance of the structural color of the photonic crystals. The number of points without structural color contains the information of the copy number of nucleic acids in the sample. This chip could achieve the naked eye quantitative detection of Salmonella DNA without fluorescence or other chromogenic reagents. Thus, the chip designed in this study can help the development of digital nucleic acid detection under limited resource settings (LRS) and can be suitable for POCT (point of care test) standards.
基于生物灵感的裸眼核酸定量光子晶体，分析家，2019，144(18)：5413-5419。在此，提出了一种模仿沙漠甲虫外壳的芯片，用于裸眼核酸定量。经紫外局部照射处理的疏水性光子晶体基板能够有效地将样品分散成数百个液滴，以进行数字环介导等温扩增（dLAMP）。焦磷酸盐（PPI），LAMP 反应的副产物，与镁离子结合形成难溶沉淀。由于络合作用，它能够固定在二氧化硅基板上，导致光子晶体的结构色消失。无结构色的点数包含样品中核酸拷贝数的信息。该芯片能够实现无需荧光或其他染色试剂的裸眼定量检测沙门氏菌 DNA。因此，本研究中设计的芯片有助于在有限资源设置（LRS）下数字核酸检测的发展，并可适用于 POCT（床旁测试）标准。

[713] Microwave-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Coupling to Solidification of Floating Organic Droplet for Colorants Analysis in Selected Cosmetics by Liquid Chromatography Talanta, 2019, 194: 46-54. A convenient and rapid method was developed for determination of fourteen colorants in selected cosmetics based on microwave-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (MA-DLLME) using solidification of the floating organic droplet (SFOD) as a clean-up step followed by high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). DLLME was performed in a microwave device for reducing manual operations and facilitating rapid extraction equilibrium, resulting in high sample throughput and good extraction efficiency. Matrix effects could be effectively eliminated by SFOD technique. Various parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized by multi-response surface methodology. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.25-3.2 mg kg(-1) and 0.85-11.0 mg kg(-1), respectively. The recoveries ranged from 90.2% to 106.1% with relative standard deviations of 0.30-3.1%. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of cosmetics, in which all the colorants could be quantified, and their median values ranged from 4.94 to 591 mg kg(-1) for seventy-two lipsticks, and from 7.70 to 1.73 x 10(3) mg kg(-1) for fifty eye shadows, respectively. The proposed protocol could achieve batch preparation of samples and avoid measurement errors from the obvious volume reduction of the recovered extract, and it could serve as a powerful tool for high-throughput analysis of multiple colorants in complex samples.
[713] 微波辅助分散液-液微萃取与浮滴凝固联用，用于化妆品中着色剂分析——液相色谱法，Talanta，2019，194：46-54。开发了一种简便快速的方法，基于微波辅助分散液-液微萃取（MA-DLLME），利用浮滴凝固（SFOD）作为净化步骤，随后进行高效液相色谱二极管阵列检测（HPLC-DAD），用于测定化妆品中的十四种着色剂。DLLME 在微波设备中进行，以减少人工操作并促进快速提取平衡，从而实现高样品通量和良好的提取效率。通过 SFOD 技术可以有效消除基质效应。通过多响应面法优化了影响提取效率的各种参数。检测限和定量限分别为 0.25-3.2 mg kg(-1)和 0.85-11.0 mg kg(-1)。 恢复率在 90.2%至 106.1%之间，相对标准偏差为 0.30-3.1%。该方法成功应用于化妆品分析，其中所有色素均能定量，72 支口红的中位值在 4.94 至 591 mg kg(-1)之间，50 种眼影的中位值在 7.70 至 1.73 x 10(3) mg kg(-1)之间。所提出的方案可以实现样品的批量制备，避免从回收提取物的明显体积减少中产生测量误差，并且可以作为复杂样品中多种色素高通量分析的有力工具。

[714] Bio-Inspired Sensing and Actuating Materials Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2019, 7(22): 6493-6511. Biological systems contain various amazing examples that can display adaptive and active behaviors in response to external stimuli. The changes in skin color and/or shapes according to environmental changes are common examples of the adaptive and active behaviors of creatures for better survival. To mimic these outstanding sensing and actuating behaviors of creatures, a new generation of bio-inspired sensing and actuating materials have been recently attracting extensive attention. Based on stimuli-responsive materials, these bio-inspired sensing and actuating materials can also exhibit the capabilities of changing their colors and/or shapes upon exposure to specific external stimuli, which hold great promise in a variety of fields such as sensors, actuators, flexible electronics, soft robotics and various biomedical applications. This review summarizes the-state-of-the-art progress of bio-inspired sensing and actuating materials, with focuses on the design principles and the technologies for forming these materials, as well as the introduction of their potential for versatile applications. Finally, an outlook on the challenges and future directions of bio-inspired sensing and actuating materials is presented.
[714] 生物灵感传感与驱动材料《材料化学 C》杂志，2019，7(22)：6493-6511。生物系统包含各种令人惊叹的例子，这些例子能够对外部刺激表现出适应性和主动行为。根据环境变化改变肤色和/或形状是生物适应性和主动行为的常见例子，有助于更好地生存。为了模仿生物的这些卓越的传感和驱动行为，新一代生物灵感传感与驱动材料最近引起了广泛关注。基于刺激响应材料，这些生物灵感传感与驱动材料在暴露于特定外部刺激时也能表现出改变其颜色和/或形状的能力，这在传感器、执行器、柔性电子、软体机器人以及各种生物医学应用等领域具有巨大潜力。 本综述总结了生物启发传感和驱动材料的最新进展，重点关注这些材料的设计原理和形成技术，以及它们在多功能应用中的潜力。最后，对生物启发传感和驱动材料的挑战和未来方向进行了展望。

[715] Stretchable Photonic Crystals with Periodic Cylinder Shaped Air Holes for Improving Mechanochromic Performance Smart Materials and Structures, 2019, 28(7). Photonic crystals are able to change the macroscopic color by regulating the center wavelength of band gap with altering the lattice constant of nano-structures. Herein, stretchable photonic crystals, with periodic cylinder shaped air holes non-close-packed in triangular lattice, are designed and fabricated for mechanochromism in entire visible light range. Numerical simulation has verified the excellent mechanochromic ability for the proposed nano-structure. Then the stretchable photonic crystals with this structure are successfully prepared by nano-imprinting technology on PDMS. Subsequently, the mechanochromic properties of the prepared materials are studied, and color change over the entire visible light range from red to blue is observed under a small strain of 29%. In addition, cyclic stretching tests up to 2000 times show that the materials are capable of maintaining shape recovery ability as well as mechanochromic ability. Finally, a stretchable visual strain sensor is prepared using the stretchable photonic crystal. This sensor can distinguish three strain ranges below 30% of strain rate by its color change that offers a visual observation of strain ranges. The stretchable visual strain sensors is more sensitive to small strain than resistance sensors, which may have great potential for applications of visual monitoring stretching strain.
[715] 具有周期性圆柱形空气孔的柔性光子晶体，用于提高机械色变性能的智能材料和结构，2019，28(7)。光子晶体能够通过调节纳米结构的晶格常数来改变带隙的中心波长，从而改变宏观颜色。在此，设计并制备了具有非紧密堆积的三角形晶格周期性圆柱形空气孔的柔性光子晶体，以在整个可见光范围内实现机械色变。数值模拟验证了所提出的纳米结构的优异机械色变能力。然后，通过纳米压印技术在 PDMS 上成功制备了具有该结构的柔性光子晶体。随后，研究了制备材料的机械色变性能，并在 29%的小应变下观察到从红到蓝的整个可见光范围内的颜色变化。此外，高达 2000 次的循环拉伸测试表明，这些材料能够保持形状恢复能力和机械色变能力。 最后，利用可拉伸光子晶体制备了一种可拉伸视觉应变传感器。该传感器通过颜色变化来区分应变率低于 30%的三个应变范围，从而提供对应变范围的视觉观察。与电阻传感器相比，可拉伸视觉应变传感器对微小应变更为敏感，在视觉监测拉伸应变的应用中可能具有巨大潜力。

[716] Smart Hydrogels with High Tunability of Stiffness as a Biomimetic Cell Carrier Cell Biology International, 2019, 43(2): 84-97. Human tissues are sophisticated ensembles of various distinct cell types encapsulated in the biomechanical cues of the extracellular matrix. It has been known matrix stiffness plays a pivot role in cellular events and tissue-scale biological processes. Thus, materials that can mimic mechanical environments of tissues in vitro and possess wide, physiologically relevant elasticity are highly desirable. Hydrogels provide a good cell platform to mimic native cellular environment. However, the limited stiffness tunability, and hinders the efforts to reproduce the biomechanical microenvironment of many in vivo progresses. These problems have been addressed by the recently emerged great quantity of exquisitely designed smart hydrogels. Smart hydrogels that respond sensitively to external stimuli are good choices due to the convenience in regulating their mechanical properties. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in the development of stimuli-responsive hydrogels as a cell carrier (platform for cell culture) which spans a wide range of stiffness. Different kinds of smart hydrogels corresponding to various stimuli, including pH, temperature, light, metal ions, and forces, are introduced and their stiffness modulation through physicochemical procedures are reported.
具有高刚度可调性的智能水凝胶作为仿生细胞载体——细胞生物学国际，2019，43（2）：84-97。人体组织是各种不同细胞类型在细胞外基质生物力学线索中封装的复杂集合体。已知基质刚度在细胞事件和组织尺度生物过程中起着关键作用。因此，能够在体外模仿组织机械环境并具有广泛、生理相关弹性的材料非常受欢迎。水凝胶提供了一个良好的细胞平台来模仿原生细胞环境。然而，刚度可调性有限，阻碍了复制许多体内进展的生物力学微环境的努力。这些问题已被最近涌现的大量精心设计的智能水凝胶所解决。由于调节其机械性能的便利性，对外部刺激敏感的智能水凝胶是不错的选择。在这篇综述中，我们总结了作为细胞载体（细胞培养平台）的刺激响应性水凝胶在刚度广泛范围内的最新进展。 介绍了各种智能水凝胶，它们对应于各种刺激，包括 pH 值、温度、光、金属离子和力，并报道了它们通过物理化学方法调节刚度。

[717] Bio-Inspired Angle-Independent Structural Color Films with Anisotropic Colloidal Crystal Array Domains Nano Research, 2019, 12(7): 1579-1584. Structural color materials with the property of angle-independence have attracted increasing interest in recent years because of their applications in various research fields. In this paper, inspired by the anisotropic lattice microstructure of the Parides sesostris butterfly, we present a novel angle-independent structural material by simply doping spinous pollen particles into the colloidal crystal arrays to interfere their self-assembling process. The resultant composited materials have anisotropic close-packed colloidal crystal domains around the spikes of the pollens. These differently oriented domains could reflect the light to a wide range of viewing angles, and thus imparted the composite materials with the same wide angle of structural colors. Attractively, the materials were endowed with light-controlled reversible structural color changing behavior by incorporating photothermal responsive graphene-tagged hydrogels. These features of the bioinspired angle-independent structural color materials showed their potential values in constructing intelligent sensors, anti-counterfeiting barcode labels, and so on.
基于生物的角无关结构色薄膜：具有各向异性胶体晶体阵列域纳米研究，2019，12(7)：1579-1584。近年来，由于在各个研究领域的应用，具有角无关特性的结构色材料越来越受到关注。在这篇论文中，受 Parides sesostris 蝴蝶各向异性晶格微结构的启发，我们通过简单地将刺状花粉颗粒掺杂到胶体晶体阵列中，干扰其自组装过程，提出了一种新型的角无关结构材料。所得复合材料在花粉的刺周围具有各向异性的紧密堆积胶体晶体域。这些不同方向的域可以反射到广泛的观看角度，从而赋予复合材料相同宽角的结构色。更有吸引力的是，通过结合光热响应的石墨烯标记水凝胶，这些材料被赋予了光控可逆的结构色变化行为。 这些生物启发角度无关结构色材料的特性显示了它们在构建智能传感器、防伪条形码标签等方面的潜在价值。

[718] Polymer-Infiltrated Sio Inverse Opal Photonic Crystals for Colorimetrically Selective Detection of Xylene Vapors Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical, 2019, 291: 67-73. Xylenes are common aromatic volatile organic compounds, which can cause severe environmental pollution and healthy issues. The current instrumental detection methods are generally expensive, time-consuming, complex, and unable to be used for on-site detection. It is thus highly desirable to develop an efficient method for the detection of xylenes. In this study, we report the development of a polymer infiltrated SiO2 inverse opal photonic crystal (IOPC) for selective detection of xylene vapors. Poly(4-vinylbenzyl chloride-co-methyl methacrylate) (P (VBC-co-MMA)), which shows strong affinity towards xylenes because of their similar solubility parameters, was synthesized and infiltrated into SiO2 IOPC (P(VBC-co-MMA)-SiO2 IOPC). The resulting P(VBC-co-MMA)-SiO2 IOPC sensor shows color change from green to red upon exposure to xylene vapors as the diffusion and adsorption of gaseous xylenes increased the effective refractive index of the IOPC. It shows good sensitivity with a limit of detection of 0.51, 0.41 and 0.17 mu g mL(-1) for o-xylene, m-xylene, and p-xylene, respectively. The sensor also shows excellent selectivity for xylenes over other organic vapors. In addition, the P(VBC-co-MMA)-SiO2 IOPC sensor demonstrates quick response and good reversibility. This polymer infiltrated IOPC sensor provides a universal strategy for the detection of organic vapors through building a sensor using polymers with similar solubility parameters to targeting vapors.
[718] 聚合物浸渗 SiO2 逆光子晶体用于对二甲苯蒸气的比色选择性检测 传感器与执行器 B-化学，2019，291：67-73。二甲苯是常见的芳香族挥发性有机化合物，可造成严重环境污染和健康问题。目前的仪器检测方法通常成本高、耗时、复杂，且无法用于现场检测。因此，开发一种检测二甲苯的高效方法非常必要。在本研究中，我们报道了一种聚合物浸渗 SiO2 逆光子晶体（IOPC）用于对二甲苯蒸气的选择性检测。由于它们具有相似的溶解度参数，合成了对二甲苯具有强亲和力的聚（4-乙烯基苄基氯-共甲基丙烯酸甲酯）（P（VBC-co-MMA）），并将其浸渗到 SiO2 IOPC 中（P(VBC-co-MMA)-SiO2 IOPC）。当暴露于二甲苯蒸气中时，P(VBC-co-MMA)-SiO2 IOPC 传感器会从绿色变为红色，因为气态二甲苯的扩散和吸附增加了 IOPC 的有效折射率。 该传感器对邻二甲苯、间二甲苯和对二甲苯的检测限分别为 0.51、0.41 和 0.17 μg mL(-1)，表现出良好的灵敏度。此外，该传感器对二甲苯类有机蒸气具有优异的选择性。此外，P(VBC-co-MMA)-SiO2 IOPC 传感器表现出快速响应和良好的可逆性。这种聚合物浸渗 IOPC 传感器通过构建具有与目标蒸气相似溶解度参数的聚合物传感器，为有机蒸气的检测提供了一种通用策略。

[719] Visual Test for the Presence of the Illegal Additive Ethyl Anthranilate by Using a Photonic Crystal Test Strip Microchimica Acta, 2019, 186(11): 685. A test strip has been developed for the rapid detection of the illegal additive ethyl anthranilate (EA) in wine. The detection scheme is based on a combination of photonic crystal based detection and molecular imprinting based recognition. The resulting molecularly imprinted photonic crystal (MIPC) undergoes a gradual color change from green to yellow to red upon binding of EA. A semi-quantitative colorimetric card can be used to estimate the content of EA, either visually or by making use of an optical fiber spectrometer. A linear relationship was found between the Bragg diffraction peak shift and the concentration of EA in the range from 0.1 mM to 10 mM. The detection limit is 10 mu M. The test has been successfully used to screening for the presence of EA in grape wine. The test strip is selective, and can be re-used after re-activation.
[719] 利用光子晶体测试条进行非法添加剂乙基偶氮苯存在的视觉检测。Microchimica Acta，2019，186(11): 685。已开发出一种测试条，用于快速检测葡萄酒中的非法添加剂乙基偶氮苯（EA）。检测方案基于光子晶体检测和分子印迹识别的结合。分子印迹光子晶体（MIPC）在 EA 结合时从绿色逐渐变为黄色再到红色。可以使用半定量比色卡通过视觉或利用光纤光谱仪来估计 EA 的含量。在 0.1 mM 至 10 mM 的浓度范围内，发现布拉格衍射峰位移与 EA 浓度之间存在线性关系。检测限为 10 微摩尔。该测试已成功用于筛选葡萄酒中 EA 的存在。测试条具有选择性，并在重新激活后可重复使用。

[720] The Pathway to Intelligence: Using Stimuli-Responsive Materials as Building Blocks for Constructing Smart and Functional Systems Advanced Materials, 2019, 31(11): e1804540. Systems that are intelligent have the ability to sense their surroundings, analyze, and respond accordingly. In nature, many biological systems are considered intelligent (e.g., humans, animals, and cells). For man-made systems, artificial intelligence is achieved by massively sophisticated electronic machines (e.g., computers and robots operated by advanced algorithms). On the other hand, freestanding materials (i.e., not tethered to a power supply) are usually passive and static. Hence, herein, the question is asked: can materials be fabricated so that they are intelligent? One promising approach is to use stimuli-responsive materials; these "smart" materials use the energy supplied by a stimulus available from the surrounding for performing a corresponding action. After decades of research, many interesting stimuli-responsive materials that can sense and perform smart functions have been developed. Classes of functions discussed include practical functions (e.g., targeting and motion), regulatory functions (e.g., self-regulation and amplification), and analytical processing functions (e.g., memory and computing). The pathway toward creating truly intelligent materials can involve incorporating a combination of these different types of functions into a single integrated system by using stimuli-responsive materials as the basic building blocks.
智能之路：利用刺激响应材料作为构建智能和功能系统的基石 高分子材料，2019，31（11）：e1804540。智能系统具有感知周围环境、分析和相应反应的能力。在自然界中，许多生物系统被认为是智能的（例如，人类、动物和细胞）。对于人造系统，人工智能是通过大量复杂的电子机器（例如，由高级算法操作的计算机和机器人）实现的。另一方面，独立材料（即不连接电源）通常是被动和静态的。因此，在此，提出的问题是：能否制造出智能材料？一种有希望的方法是使用刺激响应材料；这些“智能”材料利用来自周围环境的刺激提供的能量来执行相应的动作。经过数十年的研究，已经开发出许多有趣的刺激响应材料，这些材料可以感知并执行智能功能。 讨论的函数类别包括实用函数（例如，定位和运动）、调节函数（例如，自我调节和放大）和分析处理函数（例如，记忆和计算）。创建真正智能材料的途径可能涉及通过使用刺激响应材料作为基本构建块，将这些不同类型的函数组合成一个单一的综合系统。

[721] Fracture Toughness and Fatigue Threshold of Tough Hydrogels Acs Macro Letters, 2019, 8(1): 17-23. Hydrogels of numerous chemical compositions have achieved high fracture toughness on the basis of one physical principle. As a crack advances in such a hydrogel, a polymer network of strong bonds ruptures at the front of the crack and elicits energy dissipation in the bulk of the hydrogel. The constituent that dissipates energy in the bulk of the hydrogel is called a toughener. A hypothesis has emerged recently that tougheners increase fracture toughness greatly but contribute little to fatigue threshold. Here we ascertain this hypothesis by studying hydrogels of two kinds, identical in all aspects except for tougheners. A Ca-alginate/polyacrylamide hydrogel has ionic bonds, which act as tougheners, resulting in a toughness of 3375 J/m(2) and a threshold of 35 J/m(2). A Na-alginate/polyacrylamide hydrogel has no ionic bonds, resulting in a toughness of 169 J/m(2) and a threshold of 17 J/m(2). These results motivate a discussion on the development of fatigue-resistant hydrogels.
[721] 硬质水凝胶的断裂韧性和疲劳阈值 Acs Macro Letters, 2019, 8(1): 17-23。基于一个物理原理，多种化学组成的水凝胶实现了高断裂韧性。在这样的水凝胶中，随着裂纹的扩展，前端的强键聚合物网络断裂，并在水凝胶的体积中引发能量耗散。在体积中耗散能量的成分被称为增韧剂。最近出现了一种假设，即增韧剂大大增加了断裂韧性，但对疲劳阈值贡献很小。在这里，我们通过研究两种水凝胶来证实这一假设，这两种水凝胶在所有方面都相同，除了增韧剂。一种钙-藻酸盐/聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶具有离子键，作为增韧剂，导致韧性为 3375 J/m(2)和阈值为 35 J/m(2)。一种钠-藻酸盐/聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶没有离子键，导致韧性为 169 J/m(2)和阈值为 17 J/m(2)。这些结果促使对耐疲劳水凝胶的发展进行讨论。

[722] Molecularly Imprinted Materials for Selective Biological Recognition Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 2019, 40(17): e1900096. Molecular imprinting is an approach of generating imprinting cavities in polymer structures that are compatible with the target molecules. The cavities have memory for shape and chemical recognition, similar to the recognition mechanism of antigen-antibody in organisms. Their structures are also called biomimetic receptors or synthetic receptors. Owing to the excellent selectivity and unique structural predictability of molecularly imprinted materials (MIMs), practical MIMs have become a rapidly evolving research area providing key factors for understanding separation, recognition, and regenerative properties toward biological small molecules to biomacromolecules, even cell and microorganism. In this review, the characteristics, morphologies, and applicability of currently popular carrier materials for molecular imprinting, especially the fundamental role of hydrogels, porous materials, hierarchical nanoparticles, and 2D materials in the separation and recognition of biological templates are discussed. Moreover, through a series of case studies, emphasis is given on introducing imprinting strategies for biological templates with different molecular scales. In particular, the differences and connections between small molecular imprinting (bulk imprinting, "dummy" template imprinting, etc.), large molecular imprinting (surface imprinting, interfacial imprinting, etc.), and cell imprinting strategies are demonstrated in detail. Finally, future research directions are provided.
分子印迹材料用于选择性生物识别 大分子快速通讯，2019，40(17)：e1900096。分子印迹是一种在聚合物结构中生成与目标分子相容的印迹空腔的方法。这些空腔具有形状和化学识别的记忆，类似于生物体中抗原-抗体识别机制。它们的结构也被称为仿生受体或合成受体。由于分子印迹材料（MIMs）具有优异的选择性和独特的结构可预测性，实用的 MIMs 已成为一个快速发展的研究领域，为理解生物小分子到生物大分子，甚至细胞和微生物的分离、识别和再生特性提供了关键因素。在本综述中，讨论了目前流行的分子印迹载体材料的特性、形态和适用性，特别是水凝胶、多孔材料、分级纳米颗粒和二维材料在生物模板分离和识别中的基本作用。 此外，通过一系列案例研究，重点介绍了针对不同分子尺度的生物模板的印迹策略。特别是，详细展示了小分子印迹（体相印迹、“哑”模板印迹等）、大分子印迹（表面印迹、界面印迹等）和细胞印迹策略之间的差异和联系。最后，提出了未来的研究方向。

[723] Influence of Sodium Salts on the Swelling and Rheology of Hydrophobically Cross-Linked Hydrogels Determined by Qcm-D Langmuir, 2019, 35(50): 16612-16623. Hydrophobically modified copolymers provide a versatile platform of hydrogel materials for diverse applications, but the influence of salts on the swelling and material properties of this class of hydrogels has not been extensively studied. Here, we investigate model hydrogels with three different sodium salts with anions chosen from the classic Hofmeister series to determine how these counterions influence the swelling and mechanical properties of neutral hydrogels. The gel chosen was based on a statistical copolymer of dimethylacrylamide and 2-(N-ethylperfluorooctane sulfonamido) ethyl acrylate (FOSA). Our measurements utilize a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) to quantify both swelling and rheological properties of these gels. We find that a 1 mol/L solution of Na2SO4, corresponding to a kosmotropic anion, leads to nearly a 2.6-fold gel deswelling and correspondingly, the complex modulus increases by an order of magnitude under these solution conditions. In contrast, an initial increase in swelling and then a swelling maximum is observed for a 0.02 mol/L concentration in the case of a chaotropic anion, NaClO4, but the changes in the degree of gel swelling in this system are not directly correlated with changes in the gel shear modulus. The addition of NaBr, an anion salt closer to the middle of the chaotropic to kosmotropic range, leads to hydrogel deswelling where the degree of deswelling and the shear modulus are both nearly independent of salt concentration. Overall, the observed trends are broadly consistent with more kosmotropic ions causing diminished solubility ("salting out") and strongly chaotropic ions causing improved solubility ("salting in"), a trend characteristic of the Hoffmeister series governing the solubility of many proteins and synthetic water-soluble polymers, but trends in the shear stiffness with gel swelling are clearly different from those normally observed in chemically cross-linked gels and are correspondingly difficult to interpret. The salt specificity of swelling and mechanical properties of nonionic hydrogels is important for any potential application in which a wide range of salt concentrations and types are encountered.
[723] 钠盐对疏水性交联水凝胶溶胀和流变性的影响——基于 Qcm-D Langmuir，2019，35(50)：16612-16623。疏水性改性的共聚物为各种应用提供了多功能的水凝胶材料平台，但盐对这类水凝胶溶胀和材料性质的影响尚未得到广泛研究。在此，我们研究了三种不同钠盐的模型水凝胶，阴离子选自经典的 Hofmeister 系列，以确定这些反离子如何影响中性水凝胶的溶胀和力学性能。所选凝胶基于二甲基丙烯酰胺和 2-(N-乙基全氟辛烷磺酰胺)乙基丙烯酸酯（FOSA）的统计共聚物。我们的测量利用石英晶体微天平与耗散（QCM-D）来量化这些凝胶的溶胀和流变性质。我们发现，1 mol/L 的 Na2SO4 溶液（对应于 kosmotropic 阴离子）导致凝胶几乎减少 2.6 倍溶胀，相应地，在这些溶液条件下，复模量增加了一个数量级。 相比之下，对于 0.02 mol/L 的 chaotropic 阴离子 NaClO4，观察到先肿胀后达到肿胀最大值，但在此系统中凝胶肿胀程度的改变与凝胶剪切模量的改变并不直接相关。添加 NaBr，一种接近 chaotropic 到 kosmotropic 范围中间的阴离子盐，导致水凝胶收缩，收缩程度和剪切模量都几乎与盐浓度无关。总体而言，观察到的趋势与 kosmotropic 离子导致溶解度降低（“盐析”）和强 chaotropic 离子导致溶解度提高（“盐溶”）的趋势基本一致，这是控制许多蛋白质和合成水溶性聚合物溶解度的 Hoffmeister 系列的特征趋势，但凝胶肿胀与剪切刚度之间的趋势与通常在化学交联凝胶中观察到的趋势明显不同，因此相应地难以解释。 非离子水凝胶的溶胀特性和力学性能对于遇到广泛盐浓度和类型的任何潜在应用都很重要。

[724] Hofmeister Anion-Induced Tunable Rheology of Self-Healing Supramolecular Hydrogels Nanoscale Research Letters, 2019, 14(1): 5. Physical gelation behaviors of a series of d-gluconic acetal-based derivatives bearing fatty alkyl amine moieties have been investigated. One of these molecules exhibits excellent gelation behaviors in water, and the resultant hydrogels are found to display self-healing properties. Interestingly, the elasticity and strength of the resulting gel can be tuned by the addition of different kinds of Hofmeister salts. The gel formation mechanism was proposed based on the analysis of FT-IR,(HNMR)-H-1, and XRD, indicating that the main driving force for the self-assembly was the - stacking of the benzene rings in the aqueous solution system. Overall, our research provides an efficient approach for facilely tuning the properties of the d-gluconic acetal-based hydrogel.
[724] 基于脂肪烷胺基团的 D-葡萄糖酸乙二醇酯衍生物的物理凝胶行为研究，2019 年，纳米尺度研究信函，14(1): 5。研究了系列 D-葡萄糖酸乙二醇酯基衍生物的物理凝胶行为。其中一种分子在水中的凝胶行为表现出色，所得水凝胶显示出自修复性能。有趣的是，所得凝胶的弹性和强度可以通过添加不同类型的霍夫迈斯特盐进行调节。基于 FT-IR、(HNMR)-H-1 和 XRD 的分析，提出了凝胶形成机制，表明水溶液体系中苯环的-堆积是自组装的主要驱动力。总的来说，我们的研究提供了一种高效的方法，可以轻松调节基于 D-葡萄糖酸乙二醇酯的水凝胶的性能。

[725] Dry Double-Sided Tape for Adhesion of Wet Tissues and Devices Nature, 2019, 575(7781): 169-+. Two dry surfaces can instantly adhere upon contact with each other through intermolecular forces such as hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions and van der Waals interactions(1,2). However, such instant adhesion is challenging when wet surfaces such as body tissues are involved, because water separates the molecules of the two surfaces, preventing interactions(3,4). Although tissue adhesives have potential advantages over suturing or stapling(5,6), existing liquid or hydrogel tissue adhesives suffer from several limitations: weak bonding, low biological compatibility, poor mechanical match with tissues, and slow adhesion formation(5-13). Here we propose an alternative tissue adhesive in the form of a dry double-sided tape (DST) made from a combination of a biopolymer (gelatin or chitosan) and crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) grafted with N-hydrosuccinimide ester. The adhesion mechanism of this DST relies on the removal of interfacial water from the tissue surface, resulting in fast temporary crosslinking to the surface. Subsequent covalent crosslinking with amine groups on the tissue surface further improves the adhesion stability and strength of the DST. In vitro mouse, in vivo rat and ex vivo porcine models show that the DST can achieve strong adhesion between diverse wet dynamic tissues and engineering solids within five seconds. The DST may be useful as a tissue adhesive and sealant, and in adhering wearable and implantable devices to wet tissues.
[725] 用于湿性组织和设备的干式双面胶带《自然》，2019，575(7781)：169-+. 两种干燥表面在相互接触时可以通过分子间力如氢键、静电相互作用和范德华相互作用瞬间粘附（1，2）。然而，当涉及湿表面如组织时，这种即时粘附具有挑战性，因为水分会分离两个表面的分子，阻止相互作用（3，4）。尽管组织粘合剂与缝合或订书相比具有潜在优势（5，6），但现有的液体或水凝胶组织粘合剂存在一些局限性：粘合力弱、生物相容性低、与组织的机械匹配差以及粘合形成缓慢（5-13）。在此，我们提出了一种替代组织粘合剂，即由生物聚合物（明胶或壳聚糖）和交联聚（丙烯酸）与 N-水杨酸酯接枝的组合制成的干式双面胶带（DST）。这种 DST 的粘附机制依赖于从组织表面去除界面水，从而实现快速临时与表面的交联。 随后的与组织表面胺基团共价交联进一步提高了 DST 的粘附稳定性和强度。体外小鼠、体内大鼠和离体猪模型表明，DST 能在五秒内实现不同湿润动态组织与工程固体之间的强粘附。DST 可用作组织粘合剂和密封剂，以及将可穿戴和植入设备粘附到湿润组织上。

[726] Hydrogel Bioelectronics Chemical Society Reviews, 2019, 48(6): 1642-1667. Bioelectronic interfacing with the human body including electrical stimulation and recording of neural activities is the basis of the rapidly growing field of neural science and engineering, diagnostics, therapy, and wearable and implantable devices. Owing to intrinsic dissimilarities between soft, wet, and living biological tissues and rigid, dry, and synthetic electronic systems, the development of more compatible, effective, and stable interfaces between these two different realms has been one of the most daunting challenges in science and technology. Recently, hydrogels have emerged as a promising material candidate for the next-generation bioelectronic interfaces, due to their similarities to biological tissues and versatility in electrical, mechanical, and biofunctional engineering. In this review, we discuss (i) the fundamental mechanisms of tissue-electrode interactions, (ii) hydrogels' unique advantages in bioelectrical interfacing with the human body, (iii) the recent progress in hydrogel developments for bioelectronics, and (iv) rational guidelines for the design of future hydrogel bioelectronics. Advances in hydrogel bioelectronics will usher unprecedented opportunities toward ever-close integration of biology and electronics, potentially blurring the boundary between humans and machines.
[726] 水凝胶生物电子学化学学会评论，2019，48(6)：1642-1667。与人体进行生物电子接口，包括电刺激和神经活动记录，是神经科学和工程、诊断、治疗以及可穿戴和植入式设备快速发展的基础。由于软、湿、活生物组织与刚、干、合成电子系统之间的内在差异，开发这两种不同领域之间更兼容、有效和稳定的接口一直是科学和技术中最艰巨的挑战之一。最近，水凝胶因其与生物组织的相似性和在电、机械和生物功能工程中的多功能性，已成为下一代生物电子接口的有希望的候选材料。 在这篇综述中，我们讨论了（i）组织-电极相互作用的基本机制，（ii）水凝胶在生物电接口与人体相互作用中的独特优势，（iii）生物电子学水凝胶发展的最新进展，以及（iv）未来水凝胶生物电子学设计的有理指导方针。水凝胶生物电子学的进步将为生物学与电子学的深度融合带来前所未有的机遇，可能模糊人类与机器之间的界限。

[727] Fabrication of Chitosan-Coated Konjac Glucomannan/Sodium Alginate/Graphene Oxide Microspheres with Enhanced Colon-Targeted Delivery International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2019, 131: 209-217. Microspheres play an increasingly important role in the food and medicine industries. In this study, konjac glucomannan (KGM)/sodium alginate (SA)/graphene oxide (GO) solution was injected into CaCl2 solution under high-voltage static electricity assistance to fabricate microspheres. Then, chitosan (CS) was coated on the surface of the microspheres to enhance their stability. SEM images confirmed that increasing voltage decreased the particle size of microspheres obviously. Furthermore, GO was beneficial in maintaining the full structure of freeze-dried microspheres, and the CS membrane improved the surface of the microspheres with no relatively obvious gully. Results indicated that KGM interacted with SA by hydrogen bond, and GO improved this interaction in microspheres. Furthermore, swelling tests showed that the microspheres exhibited different swelling properties in different media, and the CS membrane could improve the stability of microspheres in simulated intestinal fluid and simulated colon fluids. Moreover, GO could greatly improve the ciprofloxacin (CPFX) loading efficiency of microspheres, and achieving a sustained release effect of CPFX. Thus, CS-coated KGM/SA/GO microspheres showed great potential application in drug and/or nutrition factor colon-targeted delivery. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V.
[727] 针对增强结肠靶向递送制备壳聚糖包覆的葛根甘露聚糖/海藻酸钠/氧化石墨烯微球的研究 国际生物大分子杂志，2019，131：209-217。微球在食品和医药行业中扮演着越来越重要的角色。在本研究中，将葛根甘露聚糖（KGM）/海藻酸钠（SA）/氧化石墨烯（GO）溶液在高压静电辅助下注入 CaCl2 溶液中制备微球。然后，在微球表面涂覆壳聚糖（CS）以增强其稳定性。SEM 图像证实，增加电压明显减小了微球的粒径。此外，GO 有助于维持冷冻干燥微球的全结构，CS 膜改善了微球表面，没有相对明显的沟壑。结果表明，KGM 通过氢键与 SA 相互作用，GO 在微球中增强了这种相互作用。 此外，膨胀测试表明，微球在不同介质中表现出不同的膨胀特性，CS 膜能够提高微球在模拟肠道液和模拟结肠液中的稳定性。此外，GO 可以显著提高微球的环丙沙星（CPFX）负载效率，并实现 CPFX 的持续释放效果。因此，CS 包覆的 KGM/SA/GO 微球在药物和/或营养因子结肠靶向递送方面具有巨大的应用潜力。（C）2019 由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。

[728] Double-Lattice Photonic-Crystal Resonators Enabling High-Brightness Semiconductor Lasers with Symmetric Narrow-Divergence Beams Nature Materials, 2019, 18(2): 121-+. Achieving high brightness (where brightness is defined as optical power per unit area per unit solid angle) in semiconductor lasers is important for various applications, including direct-laser processing and light detection and ranging for next-generation smart production and mobility. Although the brightness of semiconductor lasers has been increased by the use of edge-emitting-type resonators, their brightness is still one order of magnitude smaller than that of gas and solid-state/fibre lasers, and they often suffer from large beam divergence with strong asymmetry and astigmatism. Here, we develop a so-called 'double-lattice photonic crystal', where we superimpose two photonic lattice groups separated by one-quarter wavelength in the x and y directions. Using this resonator, an output power of 10 W with a very narrow-divergence-angle (< 0.3 degrees) symmetric surface-emitted beam is achieved from a circular emission area of 500 mu m diameter under pulsed conditions, which corresponds to a brightness of over 300 MW cm(-2) sr(-1). In addition, an output power up to similar to 7 W is obtained under continuous-wave conditions. Detailed analyses on the double-lattice structure indicate that the resonators have the potential to realize a brightness of up to 10 GW cm(-2) sr(-1), suggesting that compact, affordable semiconductor lasers will be able to rival existing gas and fibre/disk lasers.
[728] 双晶格光子晶体谐振器实现高亮度半导体激光器，具有对称窄发散光束《自然材料》，2019，18(2)：121-+. 在半导体激光器中实现高亮度（亮度定义为每单位面积每单位立体角的光功率）对于各种应用非常重要，包括直接激光加工和用于下一代智能生产和移动性的光检测与测距。尽管通过使用边缘发射型谐振器已经提高了半导体激光器的亮度，但它们的亮度仍然比气体和固态/光纤激光器小一个数量级，并且它们通常伴随着大发散角和强烈的不对称和散光。在这里，我们开发了一种所谓的“双晶格光子晶体”，我们在 x 和 y 方向上相隔四分之一波长的位置叠加了两个光子晶格组。 使用该谐振器，在脉冲条件下，从直径为 500 微米的圆形发射区域实现了 10 瓦的输出功率，具有非常窄的发散角（<0.3 度）的对称表面发射光束，对应亮度超过 300 MW cm(-2) sr(-1)。此外，在连续波条件下，还获得了高达约 7 瓦的输出功率。对双晶格结构的详细分析表明，谐振器有可能实现高达 10 GW cm(-2) sr(-1)的亮度，这表明紧凑、经济的半导体激光器将能够与现有的气体激光器和光纤/盘激光器相媲美。

[729] Biomimetic Color-Changing Hierarchical and Gradient Hydrogel Actuators Based on Salt-Induced Microphase Separation ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019, 11(51): 48428-48436. There have been more challenges for hydrogel actuators to meet the combined requirement of discoloration, complex deformation, and simple preparation. Structural coloration is widely used to fabricate discolored hydrogel via micro rearrangement of photonic crystals in the hydrogel framework. However, precise regulation is usually required. Besides, the macro-optical properties are unstable. Herein, we develop a hierarchical and gradient hydrogel actuator with complex deformation and color-changing functions using an electrophoresis method. A simple but effective strategy is presented for fabrication of hierarchical hydrogel composed of homopolymers and copolymers via salt-induced microphase separation during the polymerization of the N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) and [2-(methacryloyloxy)-ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (DMC). Meanwhile a gradient distribution of DMC is also formed during the polymerization due to migration of DMC under electric field. The hierarchical and gradient structures are characterized by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), small-angle X-ray scattering measurement (SAXS), temperature-variable Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), etc. The discoloration mechanism is proposed. The as-prepared hydrogel can undergo fast and complex thermo-triggered deformation and discoloration. Bionic movements of discoloration flowering and information encryption are successfully demonstrated, promising great potential in the application of biomimetic materials.
基于盐诱导微相分离的仿生变色分级和梯度水凝胶驱动器，ACS 应用材料与界面，2019，11（51）：48428-48436。水凝胶驱动器在满足褪色、复杂变形和简单制备的联合要求方面面临更多挑战。结构色广泛应用于通过水凝胶框架中光子晶体的微重新排列来制造褪色水凝胶。然而，通常需要精确调节。此外，宏观光学性质不稳定。在此，我们采用电泳法开发了一种具有复杂变形和变色功能的多级和梯度水凝胶驱动器。提出了一种简单但有效的策略，通过在 N-异丙基丙烯酰胺（NIPAm）和[2-（甲酰氧基）乙基]三甲基氯化铵（DMC）聚合过程中利用盐诱导微相分离来制造由均聚物和共聚物组成的分级水凝胶。同时，由于 DMC 在电场下的迁移，聚合过程中也形成了 DMC 的梯度分布。 该文本的简体中文翻译如下： 该分级和梯度结构通过共聚焦激光扫描显微镜（CLSM）、小角 X 射线散射测量（SAXS）、温度可变傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）等表征。提出了褪色机制。制备的凝胶可以经历快速和复杂的温度触发变形和褪色。成功演示了褪色开花和信息安全加密的仿生运动，预示着在仿生材料应用中具有巨大潜力。

[730] Photonic Shape Memory Polymer Based on Liquid Crystalline Blue Phase Films ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019, 11(49): 46124-46131. Photonic shape memory (SM) polymers based on liquid crystalline blue phase (BP) films have been fabricated by self-assembly and subsequent photo polymerization of liquid-crystal mixtures. These freestanding BP films exhibit narrow photonic band gaps and high reflectivity in the visible wavelength range. Multiple blue-shift colors are achieved by SM programming process at different mechanical pressures. The blue-shift colors can be attributed to a decrease of effective BP pitch along the viewing direction caused by the compressed deformation of the BP films, which are confirmed by a three-dimensional interometric profile. The deformed BP films can recover to their original shapes and reflecting colors by heating the polymer films to temperatures above the glass-transition temperature. Quantitative relationships between the shape change and optical response are established for understanding this SM effect. What is more, the temporary photonic patterns can be reversibly written and erased for dozens of cycles without apparent degradation, making these freestanding BP films appealing as rewritable photonic papers and optical sensors.
基于液晶蓝相薄膜的光子形状记忆聚合物 ACS 应用材料与界面，2019，11(49)：46124-46131。通过液晶混合物的自组装和后续光聚合制备了基于液晶蓝相（BP）薄膜的光子形状记忆（SM）聚合物。这些自支撑的 BP 薄膜在可见光范围内表现出窄的光子带隙和高反射率。通过不同机械压力下的 SM 编程过程实现了多种蓝移颜色。蓝移颜色可以归因于由于 BP 薄膜的压缩变形导致沿观察方向的有效 BP 间距减小，这通过三维干涉轮廓得到证实。通过将聚合物薄膜加热至高于玻璃化转变温度的温度，变形的 BP 薄膜可以恢复到其原始形状和反射颜色。建立了形状变化与光学响应之间的定量关系，以理解这种 SM 效应。 此外，这些临时光子模式可以在数十个周期内可逆地写入和擦除，而不会出现明显的退化，这使得这些独立式 BP 薄膜作为可重写光子纸张和光学传感器具有吸引力。

[731] Polyacrylamide Hydrogels. I. Network Imperfection Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2019, 131: 43-55. A real polymer network is never perfect, but the quantification of network imperfection has been elusive. Here we quantify the network imperfection of a polyacrylamide hydrogel through its mechanical properties. We find that the ultimate properties strength, extensibility, and work of fracture have narrow scatter, comparable to the scatter of modulus. Despite the narrow scatter, the work of fracture is about four orders of magnitude lower than that of the perfect network. This reduction in work of fracture is a measure of network imperfection. The toughness of the hydrogel is about two orders of magnitude higher than that of the perfect network. When the effects of other inelastic processes are minimized, this amplification in toughness is likely due to distributed chain scission, and is another measure of network imperfection. We find that the ultimate properties of the hydrogel are insensitive to cuts up to about 1 mm. We trace this cut insensitivity to network imperfection. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶。I. 网络不完善《固体力学与物理学报》，2019，131：43-55。真实的聚合物网络从不完美，但网络不完善的量化一直难以捉摸。在这里，我们通过其力学性能来量化聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶的网络不完善。我们发现，极限性能强度、延展性和断裂功的分散度很小，与模量的分散度相当。尽管分散度很小，但断裂功比完美网络的低四个数量级。这种断裂功的降低是网络不完善的度量。水凝胶的韧性比完美网络高两个数量级。当其他非弹性过程的影响最小化时，这种韧性的放大可能是由于链的分布式断裂，这也是网络不完善的另一个度量。我们发现，水凝胶的极限性能对约 1 毫米的切割不敏感。我们将这种切割不敏感性归因于网络不完善。（C）2019 Elsevier Ltd. 版权所有。

[732] A Flexible Surface-Enhanced Raman Substrates Based on Cellulose Photonic Crystal/Ag-Nanoparticles Composite Materials & Design, 2019, 165: 107601. For surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensing technology, it is required that the SERS substrates should obtain not only high sensitivity but also outstanding signal stability and good affinity for the target analytes. In this work we designed a cellulose photonic crystal (PhC) modified with Ag-nanoparticles, which can enhance the Raman signal through the combination of the affinity of cellulose to target analyte in organic solvents, the plasmonic responses of Ag-nanoparticles and the trapping effect of PhC on light. As a result, the concentration of p-methylthiopheno down to 10(-6) M can be detected quantitatively. The cellulose PhC SERS substrate has the good affinity for organic solvents, which is easy to prepare and preserve, and shows promising prospect in sensor techniques. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd.
[732] 基于纤维素光子晶体/Ag 纳米颗粒复合材料的柔性表面增强拉曼基板及设计，2019，165：107601。对于表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）传感技术，SERS 基板不仅需要获得高灵敏度，还需要具有出色的信号稳定性和对目标分析物的良好亲和力。在本工作中，我们设计了一种经 Ag 纳米颗粒修饰的纤维素光子晶体（PhC），通过结合纤维素在有机溶剂中对目标分析物的亲和力、Ag 纳米颗粒的等离子体响应以及 PhC 对光的捕获效应，可以增强拉曼信号。因此，可以定量检测到 p-甲基噻吩的浓度低至 10(-6) M。纤维素 PhC SERS 基板对有机溶剂具有良好的亲和力，易于制备和保存，在传感器技术方面具有广阔的应用前景。（C）2019 Elsevier Ltd.

[733] Dyeing and Functionalization of Wearable Silk Fibroin/Cellulose Composite by Nanocolloidal Array ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019, 11(42): 39163-39170. A wearable silk fibroin/cellulose composite is reported. It is structurally dyed and functionalized by embedding three-dimensional (3D) or two-dimensional poly(methyl methacrylate) and polystyrene nanocolloidal arrays to form opal and inverse opal silk methylcellulose photonic crystal films (SMPCF). The brilliant color of SMPCF is utilized for naked-eye detection of humidity and a trace amount (0.02%) of H2O content in organic solvents. Volatile organic compounds gases of 5 types were detected. By alternately exposed to organic solvents of methanol, acetonitrile, acetone, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, carbon tetrachloride, and toluene, 3D inverse opal SMPCF displayed an excellent sensing performance with instantaneously color changes from green to red. The organic solvent sensitive SMPCF are wearable by integrated into a rubber glove. This composite has the potential to be used in wearable real-time sensing materials.
[733] 通过纳米胶体阵列对可穿戴丝素蛋白/纤维素复合材料进行染色和功能化研究。美国化学学会应用材料与界面，2019，11(42)：39163-39170。报道了一种可穿戴的丝素蛋白/纤维素复合材料。通过将三维（3D）或二维聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和聚苯乙烯纳米胶体阵列嵌入，形成蛋白石和反蛋白石丝素甲基纤维素光子晶体薄膜（SMPCF），对复合材料进行结构染色和功能化。SMPCF 的鲜艳颜色被用于裸眼检测湿度以及有机溶剂中微量的水含量（0.02%）。检测了 5 种挥发性有机化合物气体。通过交替暴露于甲醇、乙腈、丙酮、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、四氯化碳和甲苯等有机溶剂中，3D 反蛋白石 SMPCF 表现出优异的传感性能，颜色从绿色瞬间变为红色。将有机溶剂敏感的 SMPCF 集成到橡胶手套中，可穿戴。这种复合材料有潜力被用于可穿戴实时传感材料。

[734] Thermal and Stress Tension Dual-Responsive Photonic Crystal Nanocomposite Hydrogels Rsc Advances, 2019, 9(37): 21202-21205. Easily prepared dual-responsive optical nanocomposite hydrogel (ONH) sensors which are responsive to tension and temperature are reported in which polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) colloidal arrays were embedded into the hydrogels to obtain an optical response. Because of the band gap in the photonic crystal (PhC), the bright color of ONHs can be tuned by an external stimulus according to Bragg's law. Thermosensitive N-isopropyl acrylamide (NiPAm) is added to the gel system, and by controlling NiPAm content and temperature, the contraction of the dual-response ONHs and the structural color response in the visible light range can change accordingly. Meanwhile, the temperature responses can be repeated more than seven times. Owing to the high biocompatibility, the excellent temperature response and the good mechanical strength of the ONHs, such optical biosensors have wide application in the biological field as an external stimulus sensor for implantable sensors, intracorporeal pressure measurement, and body temperature detection.
[734] 双响应光子晶体纳米复合水凝胶热应力张力响应研究 Rsc Advances，2019，9（37）：21202-21205。报道了一种易于制备的双响应光学纳米复合水凝胶（ONH）传感器，该传感器对张力和温度均敏感。聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）胶体阵列被嵌入到水凝胶中，以获得光学响应。由于光子晶体（PhC）中的带隙，ONHs 的鲜艳颜色可以根据布拉格定律通过外部刺激进行调节。将热敏感的 N-异丙基丙烯酰胺（NiPAm）添加到凝胶系统中，通过控制 NiPAm 含量和温度，双响应 ONHs 的收缩和可见光范围内的结构色响应可以相应改变。同时，温度响应可以重复超过七次。由于 ONHs 具有高生物相容性、优异的温度响应和良好的机械强度，这种光学生物传感器在生物领域有广泛的应用，可作为植入式传感器的外部刺激传感器、体内压力测量和体温检测。

[735] Flexible Construction of Cellulose Photonic Crystal Optical Sensing Nano-Materials Detecting Organic Solvents Analyst, 2019, 144(6): 1892-1897. We developed a simple and efficient method to construct 3D and 2D opal and inverse opal cellulose photonic crystal films (CPCF) by embedding 3D or 2D polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) colloidal arrays into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), respectively. The morphology and optical performance of CPCFs were characterized by SEM, diffraction spectra, Debye rings, and structural color. The brilliant structural colors of CPCFs are visible to the eye in the entire visible spectrum, and can be tuned by changing the particle diameters or the pore sizes. Attributed to decreased particle spacing and lower average refractive index caused by air spheres instead of polymer spheres, the stopbands of the inverse opal CPCFs blueshifted. To the contrary, the particle spacing of 2D inverse opal CPCFs increased due to the losing of the connection force of 2D arrays, along with decreasing of Debye ring diameters. By alternately being exposed to organic solvents of methanol, acetonitrile, butanol, dioxane, and carbon tetrachloride, the 3D inverse opal CPCFs displayed an excellent sensing performance with instantaneously reversible color changes from violet to red. Their high stability and flexibility, efficient visual detection, and wide range of analytes promises a new opportunity for optical switching and sensing applications.
[735] 通过将三维或二维聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）胶体阵列分别嵌入羧甲基纤维素（CMC）中，我们开发了一种简单高效的方法来构建三维和二维的蛋白石和反蛋白石纤维素光子晶体薄膜（CPCF）。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、衍射光谱、德拜环和结构色对 CPCF 的形态和光学性能进行了表征。CPCF 的鲜艳结构色在整个可见光谱范围内对肉眼可见，可以通过改变粒子直径或孔径来调节。由于空气球体代替聚合物球体导致粒子间距减小和平均折射率降低，逆蛋白石 CPCF 的截止带发生了蓝移。相反，由于二维阵列的连接力丧失，二维逆蛋白石 CPCF 的粒子间距增加，德拜环直径减小。 通过交替接触甲醇、乙腈、丁醇、二氧六环和四氯化碳等有机溶剂，3D 逆光学珍珠光子晶体光纤（CPCFs）表现出优异的传感性能，能够从紫色瞬间可逆地变为红色。它们的高稳定性和柔性、高效的视觉检测以及广泛的检测范围，为光学开关和传感应用提供了新的机遇。

[736] Fabrication of Konjac Glucomannan-Based Composite Hydrogel Crosslinked by Calcium Hydroxide for Promising Lacrimal Plugging Purpose International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2019, 127: 440-449. Swelling, mechanical strength, flexibility, and toughness are important parameters in hydrogel preparation for application in the human body. Herein, composite hydrogels were prepared using a mix of Konjac glucomannan (KGM), sodium alginate (SA), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) cross-linked by calcium hydroxide. The PVA/KGM/SA composite hydrogel showed a suitable swelling ratio and rate, as well as elasticity and flexibility. In addition, the elongation at break was 6603%, with a breaking strength of 87.25 kPa and a compression modulus of 1.660 MPa. Rheological studies showed that the composite hydrogel was composed of a multiply cross-linked network involving chemical and physical interactions, thereby affecting the elasticity and flexibility of the gel. Interestingly, the composite gel network was reformed when the temperature decreased. In rabbit models of dry eye, the hydrogel effectively maintained the normal tear meniscus height and increased the low tear meniscus area. The results therefore showed that the PVA/KGM/SA gels not only provide a simple, effective, and safe method for the preparation of hydrogels, but also have potential applications in the treatment of dry eye syndrome. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V.
[736] 基于魔芋甘露聚糖的复合水凝胶的制备及其在泪道阻塞中的应用前景研究 国际生物大分子杂志，2019，127：440-449。膨胀、机械强度、柔韧性和韧性是水凝胶制备中应用于人体的重要参数。本研究中，采用魔芋甘露聚糖（KGM）、海藻酸钠（SA）和聚乙烯醇（PVA）的混合物，通过氢氧化钙交联制备了复合水凝胶。PVA/KGM/SA 复合水凝胶表现出合适的膨胀比和速率，以及弹性和柔韧性。此外，断裂伸长率为 6603%，断裂强度为 87.25 kPa，压缩模量为 1.660 MPa。流变学研究显示，复合水凝胶由涉及化学和物理相互作用的多次交联网络组成，从而影响凝胶的弹性和柔韧性。有趣的是，当温度降低时，复合凝胶网络会重新形成。在兔子的干眼模型中，水凝胶有效地维持了正常泪膜高度并增加了低泪膜面积。 因此，结果表明 PVA/KGM/SA 水凝胶不仅提供了一种简单、有效、安全的水凝胶制备方法，而且在干眼症治疗方面具有潜在应用。（C）2019 由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。

[737] Hydrogels Based on Schiff Base Linkages for Biomedical Applications Molecules, 2019, 24(16). Schiff base, an important family of reaction in click chemistry, has received significant attention in the formation of self-healing hydrogels in recent years. Schiff base reversibly reacts even in mild conditions, which allows hydrogels with self-healing ability to recover their structures and functions after damages. Moreover, pH-sensitivity of the Schiff base offers the hydrogels response to biologically relevant stimuli. Different types of Schiff base can provide the hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties and chemical stabilities. In this review, we summarized the design and preparation of hydrogels based on various types of Schiff base linkages, as well as the biomedical applications of hydrogels in drug delivery, tissue regeneration, wound healing, tissue adhesives, bioprinting, and biosensors.
[737] 基于席夫碱连接的亲水凝胶在生物医学应用中的研究 Molecules，2019，24(16)。席夫碱，点击化学中的一种重要反应家族，近年来在自修复水凝胶的形成中受到了广泛关注。席夫碱即使在温和条件下也能可逆反应，这使得具有自修复能力的水凝胶在受损后能够恢复其结构和功能。此外，席夫碱的 pH 敏感性使得水凝胶能够对生物相关刺激做出响应。不同类型的席夫碱可以为水凝胶提供可调的机械性能和化学稳定性。在本综述中，我们总结了基于各种类型席夫碱连接的水凝胶的设计和制备，以及水凝胶在药物输送、组织再生、伤口愈合、组织粘合剂、生物打印和生物传感器等生物医学应用中的研究。

[738] Investigation of the Temperature Compensation of Fbgs Encapsulated with Different Methods and Subjected to Different Temperature Change Rates Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2019, 37(3): 917-926. The temperature compensation effect strongly influences the measurement accuracy of FBG sensors. The most widely used compensation methods can he classified into three types depending on the FBG encapsulation method: 1) dual-grating differential measurement for fully pasted FBGs,2)dual-grating differential measurement for prestretched FBGs with both ends fixed, and 3) the addition of a temperature-reference FBG. In current reports, temperature compensation is performed based on the assumption that the wavelength shifts of the two FBGs are the same (or proportional to each other) and are synchronous with the temperature variation. However, because of uncertainties in workmanship and the thermal flow differences between different encapsulated FBGs, the validity of this assumption is doubtful. In this paper, the compensation characteristics of each method at different heating rates are investigated through a series of experiments and theoretical analyses. A detailed comparative analysis shows that Method 2 can be considered the optimal temperature compensation scheme in terms of both compensation accuracy and stability, whereas Method 1 is slightly inferior to Method 2. In addition, Method 3 is roughly equivalent to Method 1 and slightly inferior to Method 2 when the heating rate is <0.8 degrees C/min; however, when the heating rate is >= 1 degrees C/min, Method 3 is considerably inferior to both Method 1 and Method 2. The results indicate that the compensation effect is determined by both the FBG encapsulation method and the temperature change rate, thus revealing the deficiency of the current compensation assumption.
[738] 不同封装方法和不同温度变化率下 Fbgs 的温度补偿研究 光波技术杂志，2019，37(3)：917-926。温度补偿效果强烈影响 FBG 传感器的测量精度。最广泛使用的补偿方法可以根据 FBG 封装方法分为三种类型：1）全粘贴 FBG 的双光栅差分测量，2）两端固定的预拉伸 FBG 的双光栅差分测量，3）添加温度参考 FBG。在现有报道中，温度补偿是基于假设两个 FBG 的波长移动相同（或成比例）并且与温度变化同步进行的。然而，由于工艺不确定性和不同封装 FBG 之间的热流差异，这个假设的有效性值得怀疑。在本文中，通过一系列实验和理论分析，研究了不同加热率下每种方法的补偿特性。 详细比较分析表明，从补偿精度和稳定性两方面来看，方法 2 可以被认为是最佳的温度补偿方案，而方法 1 略逊于方法 2。此外，当加热速率小于 0.8°C/min 时，方法 3 与方法 1 大致相当，略逊于方法 2；然而，当加热速率大于等于 1°C/min 时，方法 3 在方法 1 和方法 2 面前都明显逊色。结果表明，补偿效果由光纤布拉格光栅封装方法和温度变化率共同决定，从而揭示了当前补偿假设的不足。

[739] Flexible Multifunctional Sensors for Wearable and Robotic Applications Advanced Materials Technologies, 2019, 4(3). This review provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art of the emerging field of flexible multifunctional sensors for wearable and robotic applications. In these application sectors, there is a demand for high sensitivity, accuracy, reproducibility, mechanical flexibility, and low cost. The ability to empower robots and future electronic skin (e-skin) with high resolution, high sensitivity, and rapid response sensing capabilities is of interest to a broad range of applications including wearable healthcare devices, biomedical prosthesis, and human-machine interacting robots such as service robots for the elderly and electronic skin to provide a range of diagnostic and monitoring capabilities. A range of sensory mechanisms is examined including piezoelectric, pyroelectric, piezoresistive, and there is particular emphasis on hybrid sensors that provide multifunctional sensing capability. As an alternative to the physical sensors described above, optical sensors have the potential to be used as a robot or e-skin; this includes sensory color changes using photonic crystals, liquid crystals, and mechanochromic effects. Potential future areas of research are discussed and the challenge for these exciting materials is to enhance their integration into wearables and robotic applications.
[739] 用于可穿戴和机器人应用的柔性多功能传感器：先进材料技术，2019，4(3)。本综述概述了可穿戴和机器人应用领域新兴的柔性多功能传感器当前的研究前沿。在这些应用领域，对高灵敏度、准确性、可重复性、机械柔韧性和低成本有需求。赋予机器人和未来电子皮肤（e-皮肤）高分辨率、高灵敏度和快速响应的传感能力，对包括可穿戴医疗设备、生物医学假肢和用于老年人服务的机器人以及提供一系列诊断和监测能力的机器人与人机交互机器人等广泛的应用领域都具有重要意义。考察了一系列传感机制，包括压电、热释电、压阻，并对提供多功能传感能力的混合传感器给予了特别关注。 作为一种替代上述物理传感器的方案，光学传感器有潜力被用作机器人或电子皮肤；这包括利用光子晶体、液晶和机械变色效应进行感官色彩变化。讨论了潜在的未来研究领域，这些令人兴奋的材料面临的挑战是提高它们在可穿戴设备和机器人应用中的集成度。

[740] Tough, Freestanding, and Colorless Photonic Paper Using Water as Ink Advanced Materials Interfaces, 2019, 6(22). Structural colors arising from interactions of light with submicron scale periodic structures have been found in nature. Inspired by photonic materials, rewritable paper using water as ink is fabricated via entrapping amorphous colloids crystals film into hydrogel. This photonic paper is tough, free-standing, transparent, and colorless in dry state, just like plastic sheet. Marks display using water as ink to write on the paper and disappear with the evaporation of water. The color of the marks similar to that of the initial PS colloids film and could be tuned by changing the size of the colloids. The photonic paper possesses high durability and can be rewritten over 70 cycles without significant color fading. Besides, the retention time of the written marks could be well controlled from minutes to weeks by using glycerol/water as ink. It is worth noting that long-range order is not the necessary condition for the formation of photonic paper, which makes the preparation easy to achieve. More interesting, the wet hydrogel film is sensitive to strain, and has the potential to be mechanical sensor.
[740] 使用水作为油墨的坚韧、独立和透明光子纸《先进材料界面》，2019，6(22)。自然界中发现了由光与亚微米级周期性结构相互作用产生的结构色。受光子材料的启发，通过将非晶态胶体晶体薄膜捕获到水凝胶中，制造了使用水作为油墨的可擦写纸张。这种光子纸在干燥状态下坚韧、独立、透明且无色，就像塑料片一样。使用水作为油墨在纸上书写，标记会随着水分的蒸发而消失。标记的颜色类似于初始 PS 胶体薄膜，可以通过改变胶体的大小来调节。光子纸具有高耐用性，可以在不显著褪色的条件下重复书写超过 70 次。此外，通过使用甘油/水作为油墨，可以很好地控制书写标记的保留时间，从几分钟到几周不等。值得注意的是，长程有序并不是形成光子纸的必要条件，这使得制备过程易于实现。 更有趣的是，湿态水凝胶薄膜对应变敏感，具有成为机械传感器的潜力。

[741] A Thorough Analysis of Diabetes Research in China from 1995 to 2015: Current Scenario and Future Scope Science China-Life Sciences, 2019, 62(1): 46-62. The prevalence of diabetes has increased dramatically over the past three decades, and currently, China has the largest number of diabetics worldwide; this number continues to grow and puts ongoing strains on the medical resources. In this review, we reviewed the diabetes research conducted in China from 1995 to 2015 with the aim of providing new insights regarding the current status and future perspectives for researchers, diabetes health providers, and respective policy-makers. Remarkable progress has been made in diabetes research in China during the past two decades in terms of both the quantity and publication influence. The progress, however, struggles to adequately manage diabetes in China. Here we addressed opportunities to strengthen researches, including new drug development, high quality studies on health economics, and healthcare quality improvement studies. As the expected wave of diabetic complications is upcoming and overwhelming, we therefore recommend that immediate improvements are required to implement the researches regarding their prevention and treatment.
[741] 1995 年至 2015 年中国糖尿病研究全面分析：现状与未来展望 科学通报-生命科学，2019，62(1): 46-62。在过去的三十年中，糖尿病的患病率急剧上升，目前中国拥有全球最多的糖尿病患者；这一数字仍在增长，对医疗资源造成持续压力。在这篇综述中，我们回顾了 1995 年至 2015 年间在中国进行的糖尿病研究，旨在为研究人员、糖尿病医疗服务提供者和相关政策制定者提供关于当前状况和未来展望的新见解。在过去二十年里，中国在糖尿病研究方面取得了显著的进展，无论是数量还是发表的影响力。然而，这些进展在有效管理中国糖尿病方面仍面临挑战。在此，我们探讨了加强研究的机会，包括新药开发、高质量的健康经济学研究和医疗质量改进研究。 随着预期糖尿病并发症的即将到来和压倒性，因此我们建议立即改进实施关于其预防和治疗的科研。

[742] Direct Water-Writing/Electroerasing Pattern on Pedot Inverse Opals Advanced Functional Materials, 2019, 29(38): 1808473. This work presents a reversible direct water-writing/electroerasing pattern on poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) inverse opals (PEDOT-IOs). The PEDOT-IO-0 is fabricated by potentiostatic polymerization of EDOT such that PEDOT infiltrates the interstices of a photonic crystal (PC) template, and the template is subsequently removed. The PEDOT-IO-I is obtained by reducing PEDOT-IO-0. There are four states and three different switches of PEDOT-IOs: the first switch is the irreversible reduction of PEDOT-IO-0 to PEDOT-IO-I (neutral state). The second switch is the reversible electrochemical process between neutral and oxidized PEDOT-IO-I accompanied by a reversible stopband shift owing to ionic doping/dedoping. The third switch is the water treatment process of PEDOT-IO-I (oxidation state) to form PEDOT-IO-II, which induces a blueshift in the stopband owing to water-induced removal of ions and shrinkage of the periodic structure. Combining the switches of PEDOT-IO-I and PEDOT-IO-II, a reversible water-writing/electroerasing procedure is realized in the full-solid state, producing multicolor patterns by water (a friendly ink) writing at different times. The as-prepared PC pattern could be erased electrochemically. Reversible e-paper can be successfully achieved based on the switches of PEDOT-IOs, providing a novel method for the fabrication of functional optic materials.
[742] 基于 PEDOT 逆光学晶体上的直接水写/电擦除图案 高级功能材料，2019，29(38): 1808473。本研究提出了一种在聚（3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩）逆光学晶体（PEDOT-IOs）上的可逆直接水写/电擦除图案。PEDOT-IO-0 是通过 EDOT 的恒电位聚合制备的，使得 PEDOT 渗透到光子晶体（PC）模板的孔隙中，随后移除模板。PEDOT-IO-I 是通过还原 PEDOT-IO-0 获得的。PEDOT-IOs 有四种状态和三种不同的开关：第一个开关是 PEDOT-IO-0 到 PEDOT-IO-I（中性状态）的不可逆还原。第二个开关是中性 PEDOT-IO-I 和氧化 PEDOT-IO-I 之间的可逆电化学过程，伴随着由于离子掺杂/去掺杂引起的可逆带隙移动。第三个开关是 PEDOT-IO-I（氧化状态）的水处理过程，形成 PEDOT-IO-II，由于水诱导的离子去除和周期性结构的收缩，导致带隙发生蓝移。 结合 PEDOT-IO-I 和 PEDOT-IO-II 的开关，实现了全固态的可逆水写/电擦除过程，通过在不同时间用水（一种友好的墨水）书写产生多色图案。制备的 PC 图案可以通过电化学方法擦除。基于 PEDOT-IOs 的开关，可以成功实现可逆电子纸，为功能性光学材料的制备提供了一种新方法。

[743] Mechanochromic and Thermochromic Shape Memory Photonic Crystal Films Based on Core/Shell Nanoparticles for Smart Monitoring Nanoscale, 2019, 11(42): 20015-20023. Shape memory photonic crystals (SMPCs) combining the main characteristics of shape memory materials and photonic crystals have drawn increasing research interest. In sharp contrast to traditional responsive photonic crystals, the temporary shape of SMPCs can be "frozen" and photonic configurations can be modulated by temperature. However, the large-scale fabrication of SMPCs still remains a big challenge, making the practical application difficult. Herein novel scalable SMPC films with both mechanochromic and thermochromic properties are reported. Unlike traditional template-based methods resulting in only a small size, SMPC films are fabricated by a facile hot-pressing method and post-photocuring technology to give large-area freestanding polymer films. The films are mechanically robust and flexible, featuring an excellent structural color which can be changed upon stretching, similar to the color change process of chameleons in response to the environment. The blue-shift of the reflection peak up to 120 nm can be observed when the film is stretched. The films can be reversibly stretched and recovered in 25 cycles without obvious changes in reflection spectra. The temporary shape accompanied by tremendous color changes in the corresponding SMPC films after mechanical stress induced hot programming could be simply fixed by cooling the structure below the glass transition temperature of the polymer matrix. Incorporated programmed optical properties could afterwards be erased by temperature, and initial optical properties could be fully restored. Based on the fully reversible programmable shape as well as optical properties, the investigated SMPC films are expected to be promising candidates for various potential applications, such as smart monitoring, sensors, anti-counterfeiting, and displays.
[743] 基于核/壳纳米粒子的机械变色和热变色形状记忆光子晶体薄膜用于智能监测纳米尺度，2019，11(42)：20015-20023。结合形状记忆材料和光子晶体主要特性的形状记忆光子晶体（SMPCs）引起了越来越多的研究兴趣。与传统响应性光子晶体形成鲜明对比的是，SMPCs 的临时形状可以被“冻结”，光子配置可以通过温度进行调节。然而，SMPCs 的大规模制造仍然是一个巨大的挑战，使得实际应用变得困难。在此，我们报道了一种具有机械变色和热变色特性的新型可扩展 SMPC 薄膜。与传统基于模板的方法仅能制造出小尺寸不同，SMPC 薄膜通过简便的热压法和后光固化技术制造，以获得大面积的自支撑聚合物薄膜。这些薄膜机械强度高且柔韧，具有优异的结构色，在拉伸时可以改变颜色，类似于变色龙对环境变化的颜色变化过程。 反射峰的蓝移可达 120 纳米，当薄膜被拉伸时可以观察到。薄膜可以在 25 个循环中可逆拉伸和恢复，反射光谱没有明显变化。在机械应力诱导的热编程后，相应 SMPC 薄膜伴随的临时形状和巨大的颜色变化可以通过将结构冷却至聚合物基质的玻璃化转变温度以下来简单地固定。随后，通过温度可以擦除编程的光学特性，并完全恢复初始光学特性。基于完全可逆的可编程形状以及光学特性，所研究的 SMPC 薄膜有望成为各种潜在应用的理想候选者，例如智能监控、传感器、防伪和显示器。

[744] Direct Water‐Writing/Electroerasing Pattern on Pedot Inverse Opals Advanced Functional Materials, 2019, 29(38): 1808473-1808481.
[744] 直接水写/电擦除图案在聚多巴胺逆向光学薄膜上的应用，先进功能材料，2019，29(38)：1808473-1808481。

[745] Thermo- and Photo-Responsive Composite Hydrogels with Programmed Deformations Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2019, 7(10): 1674-1678. Self-shaping hydrogels have received increasing attention due to their promising applications in soft robotics and biomedical fields. Here we report the fabrication of photo-and thermo-responsive composite hydrogels with heterogeneous structures and corresponding programmed deformations under stimulation. These composite gels were developed by photolithographic polymerization to form patterned non-responsive polyacrylamide gels and then thermal polymerization to form responsive poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) gels containing photo-thermal agents in the interspace between the preformed non-responsive gels. Upon heating or near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation, the composite hydrogels with heterogeneous structures showed programmed bending, folding, and twisting deformations. Localized actuation or step-wise deformations were achieved by selective or sequential irradiations of NIR light on the specific regions of the composite hydrogels. This strategy should be suitable for other photo-responsive hydrogels with potential applications in diverse fields.
[745] 具有程序变形的温光响应复合水凝胶 材料化学 B，2019，7(10)：1674-1678. 自塑形水凝胶因其有望在软体机器人和生物医学领域的应用而受到越来越多的关注。在此，我们报道了具有异质结构和相应程序变形的温光响应复合水凝胶的制备。这些复合凝胶通过光刻聚合形成图案化的非响应聚丙烯酰胺凝胶，然后通过热聚合形成含有光热剂的响应性聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)凝胶，这些光热剂位于预先形成的非响应凝胶之间的间隙中。在加热或近红外（NIR）光照射下，具有异质结构的复合水凝胶表现出程序化的弯曲、折叠和扭曲变形。通过在复合水凝胶的特定区域选择性地或顺序性地照射 NIR 光，实现了局部驱动或逐步变形。 该策略应适用于其他具有潜在应用领域的光响应水凝胶。

[746] Fast Screening of Antibiotics in Milk Using a Molecularly Imprinted Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Hydrogel Sensor Analytica Chimica Acta, 2019, 1070: 97-103. As a typical antibiotic that is harmful to the health of human beings and widely used in animal husbandry, oxytetracycline (OTC) has a potential threat to the food safety. Therefore, the design of portable sensors for efficiently monitoring trace amounts of OTC in foods is vital to maintain safe food supply in our daily life. Herein, a two-dimensional (2D) molecularly imprinted photonic crystal hydrogel (MIPCH) sensor for the detection of OTC was fabricated by combining the photonic crystal (PC) method and molecular imprinting technique. In this regard, OTC was used as imprinted template to form the MIPCH sensor with specific binding sites during polymerization. After the removal of template, the obtained MIPCH possessed the specific nanocavities that were complementary to target compound, OTC. In addition, the response of the MIPCH to tetracyclines (TCs) in aqueous solution was monitored through a readable change of Debye diffraction ring, which is related to the particle spacing variation of MIPCH in response to the target molecules. As the concentration of OTC increased from 0 to 60 mu M, the particle spacing of MIPCH sensor increased to about 94 nm and the structural color redshifted from blue to red. More importantly, the detection of OTC in milk sample by this portable, cost-effective MIPCH sensor has also been achieved at the same range of OTC. With the increasing concentration of OTC in milk sample, the particle spacing of MIPCH sensor increased about 92 nm and the structural color of MIPCH changed from blue through green to orange. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V.
[746] 利用分子印迹二维光子晶体水凝胶传感器快速筛选牛奶中的抗生素 分析化学学报，2019，1070：97-103。作为对人类健康有害且在畜牧业中广泛使用的典型抗生素，土霉素（OTC）对食品安全构成潜在威胁。因此，设计便携式传感器以高效监测食品中痕量 OTC 的含量，对于保持我们日常生活中的食品安全至关重要。在此，通过结合光子晶体（PC）方法和分子印迹技术，制备了一种用于检测 OTC 的二维（2D）分子印迹光子晶体水凝胶（MIPCH）传感器。在这方面，OTC 被用作印迹模板，在聚合过程中形成具有特定结合位点的 MIPCH 传感器。去除模板后，获得的 MIPCH 具有与目标化合物 OTC 互补的特定纳米空腔。 此外，通过 Debye 衍射环的可读变化监测了 MIPCH 在水中对四环素（TCs）的响应，这与 MIPCH 对目标分子的响应中的粒子间距变化有关。随着 OTC 浓度从 0 增加到 60 微摩尔，MIPCH 传感器的粒子间距增加到约 94 纳米，结构颜色从蓝色红移到红色。更重要的是，使用这种便携式、经济的 MIPCH 传感器在相同的 OTC 浓度范围内检测牛奶样品中的 OTC 也已实现。随着牛奶样品中 OTC 浓度的增加，MIPCH 传感器的粒子间距增加到约 92 纳米，MIPCH 的结构颜色从蓝色通过绿色变为橙色。（C）2019 由 Elsevier B.V.出版。

[747] Biomaterial-Based "Structured Opals" with Programmable Combination of Diffractive Optical Elements and Photonic Bandgap Effects Advanced Materials, 2019, 31(5): e1805312. Naturally occurring iridescent systems produce brilliant color displays through multiscale, hierarchical assembly of structures that combine reflective, diffractive, diffusive, or absorbing domains. The fabrication of biopolymer-based, hierarchical 3D photonic crystals through the use of a topographical templating strategy that allows combined optical effects derived from the interplay of predesigned 2D and 3D geometries is reported here. This biomaterials-based approach generates 2D diffractive optics composed of 3D nanophotonic lattices that allow simultaneous control over the reflection (through the 3D photonic bandgap) and the transmission (through 2D diffractive structuring) of light with the additional utility of being constituted by a biocompatible, implantable, edible commodity textile material. The use of biopolymers allows additional degrees of freedom in photonic bandgap design through directed protein conformation modulation. Demonstrator structures are presented to illustrate the lattice multifunctionality, including tunable diffractive properties, increased angle of view of photonic crystals, color-mixing, and sensing applications.
基于生物材料的“结构化欧泊”具有可编程组合衍射光学元件和光子带隙效应，先进材料，2019，31（5）：e1805312。自然界中产生的彩虹色系统通过多尺度、分级的结构组装，结合反射、衍射、扩散或吸收区域，产生鲜艳的色彩显示。本文报道了一种通过使用地形模板策略制备基于生物聚合物、分级的 3D 光子晶体，该策略允许结合预设计的 2D 和 3D 几何形状产生的综合光学效应。这种基于生物材料的方法生成了由 3D 纳米光子晶格组成的 2D 衍射光学元件，它允许同时控制光的反射（通过 3D 光子带隙）和透射（通过 2D 衍射结构），并且具有由生物相容性、可植入、可食用商品纺织品材料构成的附加功能。使用生物聚合物允许通过定向蛋白质构象调节在光子带隙设计中获得额外的自由度。 展示了演示结构以说明晶格的多功能性，包括可调谐衍射特性、光子晶体的增广视角、颜色混合和传感应用。

[748] 3d Bioprintability of Konjac Glucomannan Hydrogel Materials Science, 2019, 26(1): 109-113.
[748] 芋粉甘露聚糖水凝胶的 3D 生物打印性，材料科学，2019，26(1)：109-113。

[749] Quasi-Photonic Crystal Light-Scattering Signal Amplification of Sio2-Nanomembrane for Ultrasensitive Electrochemiluminescence Detection of Cardiac Troponin I Analytical Chemistry, 2019, 92(1): 845-852.
[749] SiO2 纳米膜的光子晶体光散射信号放大，用于心脏肌钙蛋白 I 的超灵敏电化学发光检测，分析化学，2019，92(1)：845-852。

[750] Reversible Modulation of 2d Photonic Crystals with a Responsive Shape-Memory DNA Hydrogel Film Advanced Materials Interfaces, 2019, 6(18). Responsive DNA hydrogels are smart soft materials that have attracted significant attention in the past decade in various research fields, especially in biosensing. However, several limitations of DNA hydrogels, such as non-recyclability, slow response, and high manufacturing cost, severely hamper their biosensing applications. In this work, shape-memory DNA hydrogel film with thickness at micrometer scale is developed, serving as both target recognition unit and actuating unit for the regulation of 2D photonic crystals (2D PCs) embedded on the surface of the hydrogel film. External stimuli can drive the reversible shape changes of the DNA hydrogel films and therefore modulate the lattice spacing of 2D PC array, which can be directly observed by the diameter changes of the Debye diffraction ring. Compared with the bulk hydrogels, these DNA hydrogel films possess the advantages of lower cost and faster stimuli response; more importantly, diameter of the diffraction ring as signal output avoids the requirement of sophisticated instruments. pH-responsive or Ag+/cysteine (Cys) responsive DNA hydrogel films are successfully developed as model systems to demonstrate the successful reversible modulation of the lattice spacing of 2D PCs. These smart DNA hydrogel film systems may have great potential in the development of future portable and visual biosensing devices.
[750] 可逆调节具有响应性形状记忆 DNA 水凝胶薄膜的 2D 光子晶体 先进材料界面，2019，6(18)。响应性 DNA 水凝胶是一种智能软材料，在过去十年中在各个研究领域引起了广泛关注，尤其是在生物传感领域。然而，DNA 水凝胶的几个局限性，如不可回收性、响应慢和高制造成本，严重阻碍了其在生物传感应用中的使用。在这项工作中，开发了厚度在微米级的形状记忆 DNA 水凝胶薄膜，作为目标识别单元和驱动单元，用于调节水凝胶薄膜表面嵌入的二维光子晶体（2D PCs）。外部刺激可以驱动 DNA 水凝胶薄膜的可逆形状变化，从而调节 2D PC 阵列的晶格间距，这可以通过德拜衍射环直径的变化直接观察到。与块状水凝胶相比，这些 DNA 水凝胶薄膜具有成本更低和刺激响应更快的优点；更重要的是，衍射环直径作为信号输出，避免了需要复杂仪器的要求。 pH 响应或 Ag+/半胱氨酸（Cys）响应的 DNA 水凝胶薄膜成功开发为模型系统，以展示二维 PCs 晶格间距的可逆调节。这些智能 DNA 水凝胶薄膜系统在开发未来便携式和可视化生物传感设备方面具有巨大潜力。

[751] Environmentally Responsive Photonic Polymers Chemical Communications, 2019, 55(20): 2880-2891. Stimulus-responsive photonic polymer materials that change their reflection colour as function of environmental stimuli such as temperature, humidity and light, are attractive for various applications (e.g. sensors, smart windows and communication). Polymers provide low density, tunable and patternable materials. This feature article focusses on various autonomously responding photonic polymer materials such as hydrogels, block copolymers and liquid crystals and discusses their potential industrial implementation.
[751] 环境响应性光子聚合物 化学通讯，2019，55(20)：2880-2891。随着环境刺激（如温度、湿度和光）的变化而改变其反射颜色的刺激响应性光子聚合物材料，在各种应用（例如传感器、智能窗户和通信）中具有吸引力。聚合物提供低密度、可调谐和可图案化的材料。这篇特写文章重点介绍了各种自主响应的光子聚合物材料，如水凝胶、嵌段共聚物和液晶，并讨论了它们潜在的工业应用。

[752] Post-Assembly Fabrication of a Functional Multicomponent Supramolecular Hydrogel Based on a Self-Sorting Double Network Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2019, 141(12): 4997-5004. Living cells exhibit sophisticated functions because they contain numerous endogenous stimuli-responsive molecular systems that independently and cooperatively act in response to an external circumstance. On the other hand, artificial soft materials containing multiple stimuli-responsive molecular systems are still rare. Herein, we demonstrate a unique multicomponent hydrogel composed of a self-sorting double network prepared through a post-assembly fabrication (PAF) protocol. The PAF protocol allowed the construction of a well-ordered hydrogel with a dual-biomolecule response to two important biomolecules (adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and sarcosine). Such a hydrogel could not be prepared through a one-step mixing protocol. The resultant multicomponent hydrogel responded to ATP and sarcosine through gel-sol transition behavior programmed in an AND logic gate fashion. Finally, we applied the multicomponent hydrogel to the controlled release of an antibody.
[752] 基于自排序双网络的功能性多组分超分子水凝胶的组装后制备及其在两种重要生物分子（三磷酸腺苷（ATP）和 sarcosine）上的双生物分子响应 Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2019, 141(12): 4997-5004。活细胞表现出复杂的功能，因为它们含有许多内源性刺激响应分子系统，这些系统可以独立和协同地对外部环境做出反应。另一方面，含有多个刺激响应分子系统的合成软材料仍然很少见。在此，我们展示了一种独特的多组分水凝胶，该水凝胶由通过组装后制备（PAF）方案制备的自排序双网络组成。PAF 方案允许构建一个具有双生物分子响应（对两种重要生物分子 ATP 和 sarcosine）的有序水凝胶。这种水凝胶不能通过一步混合方案制备。所得的多组分水凝胶通过 AND 逻辑门方式编程的凝胶-溶过渡行为对 ATP 和 sarcosine 做出响应。最后，我们将多组分水凝胶应用于抗体的控制释放。

[753] Metallosupramolecular Photonic Elastomers with Self-Healing Capability and Angle-Independent Color Advanced Materials, 2019, 31(6): e1805496. Photonic elastomers that can change colors like a chameleon have shown great promise in various applications. However, it still remains a challenge to produce artificial photonic elastomers with desired optical and mechanical properties. Here, the generation of metallosupramolecular polymer-based photonic elastomers with tunable mechanical strength, angle-independent structural color, and self-healing capability is reported. The photonic elastomers are prepared by incorporating isotropically arranged monodispersed SiO2 nanoparticles within a supramolecular elastomeric matrix based on metal coordination interaction between amino-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) and cerium trichloride. The photonic elastomers exhibit angle-independent structural colors, while Young's modulus and elongation at break of the as-formed photonic elastomers reach 0.24 MPa and 150%, respectively. The superior elasticity of photonic elastomers enables their chameleon-skin-like mechanochromic capability. Moreover, the photonic elastomers are capable of healing scratches or cuts to ensure sustainable optical and mechanical properties, which is crucial to their applications in wearable devices, optical coating, and visualized force sensing.
[753] 具有自修复能力和角度无关色彩的光子弹性体先进材料，2019，31(6)：e1805496。像变色龙一样改变颜色的光子弹性体在各种应用中显示出巨大的潜力。然而，生产具有所需光学和机械性能的人工光子弹性体仍然是一个挑战。在此，我们报道了一种基于金属配位相互作用的光子弹性体聚合物，具有可调机械强度、角度无关的结构色彩和自修复能力。光子弹性体是通过在基于氨基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷和三氯化铈之间的金属配位相互作用形成的超分子弹性体基质中引入各向同性排列的单分散 SiO2 纳米颗粒而制备的。光子弹性体表现出角度无关的结构色彩，而制备的光子弹性体的杨氏模量和断裂伸长率分别达到 0.24 MPa 和 150%。光子弹性体的优异弹性使其具有类似变色龙皮肤的机械色变能力。 此外，光子弹性体能够修复划痕或切口，以确保可持续的光学和机械性能，这对于它们在可穿戴设备、光学涂层和可视化力传感中的应用至关重要。

[754] Bioinspired Soft Robotic Caterpillar with Cardiomyocyte Drivers Advanced Functional Materials, 2019, 30(6): 1907820-1907827.
[754] 受生物启发的软体机器人毛毛虫，具有心肌细胞驱动器，先进功能材料，2019，30(6)：1907820-1907827。

[755] A Literature Review of Next-Generation Smart Sensing Technology in Structural Health Monitoring Structural Control & Health Monitoring, 2019, 26(3). Advent of computationally efficient smartphones, inexpensive high-resolution cameras, drones, and robotic sensors has brought a new era of next-generation intelligent monitoring systems for civil infrastructure. Vibration-based condition assessment has garnered as a prominent method of evaluating the health of large-scale infrastructure. The use of contact-based sensors for acquiring vibration data becomes uneconomical and tedious due to their instrumentation cost, centralized nature, and densification required to collect sufficient data for system identification of modern complex structures. A need to advance and develop alternative methods for efficient sensing system results in next-generation measurement technology of structural health monitoring. The abundance of handheld smartphones with easily programmable framework has helped in modifying relevant software to acquire vibration data using embedded sensors in the smartphone. The inexpensive cameras have been used to capture images and videos that are utilized to understand the structural behavior with the aid of advanced signal processing techniques. The inaccessible components of structures require noncontact sensors such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or so-called drones and mobile sensors to acquire structural data. To the authors' knowledge, this paper first time presents a comprehensive review of a suite of next-generation smart sensing technology that has been developed in recent years within the context of structural health monitoring. The state-of-the-art methods have been presented by conducting a detailed literature review of the recent applications of smartphones, UAVs, cameras, and robotic sensors used in acquiring and analyzing the vibration data for structural condition monitoring and maintenance.
[755] 结构健康监测下一代智能传感技术文献综述 结构控制与健康监测，2019，26(3)。计算效率高的智能手机、低成本高分辨率相机、无人机和机器人传感器的出现，为土木基础设施带来了下一代智能监测系统的新时代。基于振动的状态评估已成为评估大规模基础设施健康状态的一种突出方法。由于仪器成本、集中化性质以及收集足够数据以进行现代复杂结构系统识别所需的密集化，使用基于接触的传感器获取振动数据变得不经济且繁琐。对提高和开发高效传感系统替代方法的需求导致了结构健康监测的下一代测量技术。大量易于编程的智能手机框架有助于修改相关软件，利用智能手机中的嵌入式传感器获取振动数据。 低价相机已被用于捕捉图像和视频，这些图像和视频被用于借助先进的信号处理技术来理解结构行为。结构中难以接触的部件需要非接触式传感器，如无人机或所谓的无人机和移动传感器来获取结构数据。据作者所知，本文首次全面回顾了近年来在结构健康监测背景下开发的下一代智能传感技术套件。通过详细回顾智能手机、无人机、相机和机器人传感器在获取和分析结构状态监测和维护的振动数据方面的最新应用，介绍了最先进的方法。

[756] Preparation of Konjac Glucomannan–Borax Hydrogels with Good Self-Healing Property and Ph-Responsive Behavior Journal of Polymer Research, 2019, 26(2).
[756]制备具有良好自修复性能和 pH 响应行为的魔芋甘露聚糖-硼砂水凝胶《聚合物研究》杂志，2019，26(2)。

[757] Toward a New Generation of Smart Skins Nature Biotechnology, 2019, 37(4): 382-388. Rapid advances in soft electronics, microfabrication technologies, miniaturization and electronic skins are facilitating the development of wearable sensor devices that are highly conformable and intimately associated with human skin. These devices-referred to as 'smart skins'-offer new opportunities in the research study of human biology, in physiological tracking for fitness and wellness applications, and in the examination and treatment of medical conditions. Over the past 12 months, electronic skins have been developed that are self-healing, intrinsically stretchable, designed into an artificial afferent nerve, and even self-powered. Greater collaboration between engineers, biologists, informaticians and clinicians will be required for smart skins to realize their full potential and attain wide adoption in a diverse range of real-world settings.
向新一代智能皮肤迈进 自然生物技术，2019，37(4)：382-388。软电子学、微加工技术、小型化和电子皮肤的快速发展正在促进高度可变形且与人类皮肤密切相关的可穿戴传感器设备的发展。这些设备被称为“智能皮肤”，为人类生物学研究、生理跟踪健身和健康应用以及医疗状况的检查和治疗提供了新的机遇。在过去 12 个月中，已经开发出具有自修复、内在可拉伸、设计成人工传入神经甚至自供电的电子皮肤。为了实现智能皮肤的全部潜力并在各种现实世界场景中得到广泛应用，需要工程师、生物学家、信息学家和临床医生之间进行更多合作。

[758] Colloidal Photonic Crystal Strain Sensor Integrated with Deformable Graphene Phototransducer Advanced Functional Materials, 2019, 29(33). Flexible, architectured, photonic nanostructures such as colloidal photonic crystals (CPCs) can serve as colorimetric strain sensors, where external applied strain leads to a noticeable color change. However, CPCs' response to strain is difficult to quantify without the use of optical spectroscopy. Integration of flexible electrical readout of CPCs' color change is a challenge due to a lack of flexible/stretchable electrical transducers. This work details a colorimetric strain sensor with optoelectrical quantification based on an integrated system of CPCs over a crumpled graphene phototransducer, which optoelectrically quantifies CPCs, response to strain. The hybrid system enables direct visual perception of strain, while strain quantification via electrical measurement of the hybrid system outperforms that of crumpled graphene strain sensors by more than 100 times. The unique combination of a photonic sensing element with a deformable transducer will allow for the development of novel, electrically quantifiable colorimetric sensors with high sensitivity.
[758] 与可变形石墨烯光电传感器集成的胶体光子晶体应变传感器 高级功能材料，2019，29(33)。柔性、结构化的光子纳米结构，如胶体光子晶体（CPCs），可以作为比色应变传感器，外部施加的应变会导致明显的颜色变化。然而，没有使用光学光谱学，CPCs 对应变的响应难以量化。由于缺乏柔性/可拉伸的电传感器，将 CPCs 的颜色变化进行柔性电读出是一个挑战。这项工作详细介绍了基于集成在皱褶石墨烯光电传感器上的 CPCs 的光电量化比色应变传感器。该混合系统使应变可以直接视觉感知，而通过混合系统的电测量进行应变量化，其性能优于皱褶石墨烯应变传感器超过 100 倍。 光子传感元件与可变形换能器的独特组合将允许开发出新型、电可量化的高灵敏度比色传感器。

[759] Iaq Guidelines for Selected Volatile Organic Compounds (Vocs) in the Uk Building and Environment, 2019, 165: 106382. Poor indoor air quality, can cause a variety of adverse health effects. Pollutant exposure levels inside buildings are likely due to pollutants from both indoor and outdoor sources. Although there are many indoor airborne pollutants, the current review focusses on Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), and considers the current Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) standards alongside other guideline values, to control levels within the indoor environment. We reviewed the current scientific data showing the occurrence of various VOCs in buildings internationally, and the available toxicological reviews for the individual VOCs with potential for adverse health effects that require attention. We considered available health-based general population indoor guidelines for long and short-term exposure in respect of individual compounds, including acetaldehyde, apinene, D-limonene, formaldehyde, naphthalene, styrene, tetrachloroethylene, toluene and xylenes (mixture). We conclude individual VOC guidelines are the most appropriate way forward and that TVOC can be used as an indicator for indoor air quality. This study highlights which compounds should be prioritised for monitoring purposes. Our findings inform discussions around the improvement of general population health, source control and the need to raise awareness of the potential impacts of pollutants in the home.
[759] 英国建筑与环境中选定挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的 Iaq 指南，2019，165：106382。室内空气质量差，可能导致各种不良健康影响。建筑物内的污染物暴露水平可能源于室内和室外来源的污染物。尽管室内存在许多空气污染物，但当前综述聚焦于挥发性有机化合物（VOCs），并考虑了当前总挥发性有机化合物（TVOC）标准以及其他指南值，以控制室内环境中的水平。我们回顾了当前科学数据，显示国际上建筑物中各种 VOCs 的发生情况，以及针对具有潜在不良健康影响且需要关注的个体 VOCs 的毒理学综述。我们考虑了针对个体化合物（包括乙醛、杜松烯、D-柠檬烯、甲醛、萘、苯乙烯、四氯化碳、甲苯和二甲苯混合物）的长期和短期暴露的健康基于的一般人群室内指南。 我们得出结论，个体 VOC 指南是最合适的方向，TVOC 可以用作室内空气质量的指标。本研究突出了应优先监测哪些化合物。我们的发现为改善总体人群健康、源头控制和提高公众对家庭污染物潜在影响的认识的需求提供了信息。

[760] Superwettable Colloidal Crystal Micropatterns on Butterfly Wing Surface for Ultrasensitive Detection Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2019, 546: 122-129. Hypothesis: Ultrasensitive detections with enrichment approaches based on hydrophilic-hydrophobic patterns have attracted increasing attention in the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. However, most of these techniques involve complicated micro-fabrications and chemical modifications to achieve their specific pattern substrate wettability. Hence, the development of a simple and effective approach for the construction of new surface wettability techniques for ultrasensitive detection is with great expectations. Experiments: We present a simple approach to fabricate the superwettable colloidal crystal (CC) micropatterns on superhydrophobic Morpho butterfly wing surface for the ultrasensitive detection. The superwettable CC micropatterns were easily obtained by infiltrating and self-assembling monodispersed silica colloidal nanoparticles on the plasma treated butterfly wing patterns. The analytes could be enriched onto the hydrophilic CC area due to the wettability difference between the hydrophilic CC area and the superhydrophobic substrate. Findings: It was demonstrated that the detection limit of thrombin was down to 1.8 x 10(-13) mol L-1 based on the fluorophore-labeled aptamer. Moreover, with two-dimensional position codes of these CC micropatterns for different probes, the multiplex detection capability was also demonstrated with great accuracy. As the elimination of complex instruments and chemical modifications, this proposed platform offers a simple strategy for ultrasensitive multiplex detection in practical applications. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
[760] 蝴蝶翅膀表面超亲水胶体晶体微图案用于超灵敏检测《胶体与界面科学杂志》，2019，546：122-129。假设：基于亲水-疏水图案的富集方法在疾病的早期诊断和治疗中引起了越来越多的关注。然而，这些技术中的大多数都涉及复杂的微加工和化学修饰来实现其特定图案基底的润湿性。因此，开发一种简单有效的构建新型表面润湿性技术用于超灵敏检测的方法备受期待。实验：我们提出了一种简单的方法，在超疏水蝴蝶翅膀表面制备超亲水胶体晶体（CC）微图案，用于超灵敏检测。通过在等离子体处理的蝴蝶翅膀图案上浸润和自组装单分散二氧化硅胶体纳米颗粒，可以轻松获得超亲水 CC 微图案。 分析物可以因亲水 CC 区域与超疏水基底的润湿性差异而被富集到亲水 CC 区域。发现：基于荧光标记的适配体，凝血酶的检测限降至 1.8 x 10(-13) mol L-1。此外，通过这些 CC 微图案的不同探针的二维位置编码，也展示了高精度的多重检测能力。由于消除了复杂仪器和化学修饰，该平台提出了一种简单策略，用于实际应用中的超灵敏多重检测。（C）2019 Elsevier Inc. 版权所有。

[761] Cardiomyocyte-Driven Structural Color Actuation in Anisotropic Inverse Opals ACS Nano, 2019, 13(1): 796-802. Biohybrid actuators composed of living tissues and artificial materials have attracted increasing interest in recent years because of their extraordinary function of dynamically sensing and interacting with complex bioelectrical signals. Here, a compound biohybrid actuator with self-driven actuation and self-reported feedback is designed based on an anisotropic inverse opal substrate with periodical elliptical macropores and a hydrogel filling. The benefit of the anisotropic surface topography and high biocompatibility of the hydrogel is that the planted cardiomyocytes could be induced into a highly ordered alignment with recovering autonomic beating ability on the elastic substrate. Because of the cell elongation and contraction during cardiomyocyte beating, the anisotropic inverse opal substrates undergo a synchronous cycle of deformation actuations, which can be reported as corresponding shifts of their photonic band gaps and structural colors. These self-driven biohybrid actuators could be used as elements for the construction of a soft-bodied structural color robot, such as a biomimetic guppy with a swinging tail. Besides, with the integration of a self-driven biohybrid actuator and microfluidics, the advanced heart-on-a-chip system with the feature of microphysiological visuality has been developed for integrated cell monitoring and drug testing. This anisotropic inverse opal-derived biohybrid actuator could be widely applied in biomedical engineering.
[761] 基于各向异性逆光子晶体基底的卡迪 omyocyte-驱动结构色驱动在 ACS 纳米，2019，13（1）：796-802。近年来，由活组织与人工材料组成的生物杂交驱动器因其动态感知和与复杂生物电信号相互作用的非凡功能而越来越受到关注。在这里，基于具有周期性椭圆形大孔的各向异性逆光子晶体基底和凝胶填充的复合生物杂交驱动器，具有自驱动驱动和自报告反馈功能。各向异性表面形貌和凝胶的高生物相容性的优点是，种植的心肌细胞可以诱导成高度有序的排列，在弹性基板上恢复自主节律性跳动能力。由于心肌细胞跳动过程中的细胞伸长和收缩，各向异性逆光子晶体基底经历同步的变形驱动周期，这可以报告为它们的光子带隙和结构色的相应位移。 这些自驱动生物混合驱动器可以用作构建软体结构色机器人的元件，例如具有摆动尾巴的生物仿生鱼。此外，通过将自驱动生物混合驱动器和微流控技术集成，已经开发出具有微生理可视化功能的先进心脏芯片系统，用于集成细胞监测和药物测试。这种各向异性反胶团衍生的生物混合驱动器在生物医学工程中具有广泛的应用前景。

[762] Bio-Inspired Intelligent Structural Color Materials Materials Horizons, 2019, 6(5): 945-958.
[762] 生物启发智能结构色材料 材料前沿，2019，6(5)：945-958。

[763] Trends in Polymeric Shape Memory Hydrogels and Hydrogel Actuators Polym. Chem., 2019, 10: 4359.
[763] 聚合物形状记忆水凝胶和水凝胶驱动器的发展趋势 聚合物化学，2019，10：4359。

[764] Disk-Based One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Slabs for Label-Free Immunosensing Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 2019, 126: 315-323. One-dimensional photonic crystal slabs are periodic optical nanostructures that produce guided-mode resonance. They couple part of the incident light into the waveguide generating bandgaps in the transmittance spectrum, whose position is sensitive to refractive index variations on their surface. In this study, we present one-dimensional photonic crystal slab biosensors based on the internal nanogrooved structure of Blu-ray disks for label-free immunosensing. We demonstrated that this polycarbonate structure coated with a critical thickness of TiO2 generates guided-mode resonance. Its optical behavior was established comparing it with other compact disk structures. The results were theoretically calculated and experimentally demonstrated, all them being in agreement. The bioanalytical performance of these photonic crystals was experimentally demonstrated in a model assay to quantify IgGs as well as in two immunoassays to determine the biomarkers C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase (detection limits of 0.1, 87, and 13 nM, respectively). The results are promising towards the development of new low-cost, portable, and label-free optical biosensors that join these photonic crystals with dedicated bioanalytical scanners based on compact disk drives.
[764] 基于光盘内部纳米凹槽结构的一维光子晶体薄片用于免标记免疫传感生物传感器与生物电子学，2019，126：315-323。一维光子晶体薄片是产生导模共振的周期性光学纳米结构。它们将部分入射光耦合到波导中，在透射光谱中产生带隙，其位置对表面折射率的变化敏感。在本研究中，我们提出了一种基于光盘内部纳米凹槽结构的一维光子晶体薄片生物传感器，用于免标记免疫传感。我们证明了这种涂有临界厚度 TiO2 的聚碳酸酯结构可以产生导模共振。通过将其与其他光盘结构进行比较，建立了其光学行为。所有结果均通过理论计算和实验验证，结果一致。这些光子晶体的生物分析性能在模型实验中得到了实验验证，用于定量 IgGs，以及在两个免疫分析中确定生物标志物 C 反应蛋白和乳酸脱氢酶（检测限分别为 0.1、87 和 13 nM）。 结果对开发新型低成本、便携式且无需标签的光学生物传感器具有前景，这些传感器将光子晶体与基于光盘驱动器的专用生物分析扫描仪相结合。

[765] Construction of Ligand Assay Systems by Protein-Based Semisynthetic Biosensors Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, 2019, 50: 10-18. Proteins as causative agents of diseases such as cancers, diabetes and neurological disorders are attractive drug targets. For developing chemicals selectively acting on key disease causing proteins, one useful concept is the direct conversion of such target proteins into biosensors. This approach provides ligand-binding assay systems based on protein-based biosensors, which can quantitatively evaluate interactions between the protein and a specific ligand in many environments. Site-specific chemical modifications are used widely for the creation of protein-based semisynthetic biosensors in vitro. Notably, a few bio-orthogonal approaches capable of selectively modifying drug-targets have been developed, allowing conversion of specific target proteins into semisynthetic biosensors in live cells. These biosensors can be used for quantitative drug binding analyses in native environments. In this review, we discuss recent efforts for the construction of ligand assay systems using semisynthetic protein-based biosensors and their application to quantitative analysis and high-throughput screening of small molecules for drug discovery.
基于蛋白质的半合成生物传感器构建配体测定系统 当代化学生物学观点，2019，50：10-18。蛋白质作为癌症、糖尿病和神经系统疾病等疾病的致病因素，是吸引人的药物靶点。为了开发对关键致病蛋白具有选择性作用的化学物质，一个有用的概念是将这些靶蛋白直接转化为生物传感器。这种方法提供了基于蛋白质生物传感器的配体结合测定系统，可以在许多环境中定量评估蛋白质与特定配体之间的相互作用。在体外广泛使用位点特异性化学修饰来创建基于蛋白质的半合成生物传感器。值得注意的是，已经开发出几种能够选择性修饰药物靶点的生物正交方法，允许将特定的靶蛋白转化为活细胞中的半合成生物传感器。这些生物传感器可用于在原生环境中进行药物结合分析的定量分析。 在这篇综述中，我们讨论了利用半合成蛋白基生物传感器构建配体检测系统的研究进展，以及其在药物发现中小分子定量分析和高通量筛选中的应用。

[766] Colorful Photonic Pigments Prepared by Using Safe Black and White Materials ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2019, 7(17): 14933-14940. The methods used to prepare vivid color materials that have supported our rich lifestyle are due for review, with the goal of using chemical substances that minimize the significant adverse effects on human health and the environment. In this research, we found that pigments of various colors can be obtained by utilizing submicron-sized amorphous silica fine particles and a complex of iron and tannic acid (Fe-TA complex), which are used for foods, cosmetics, etc. Silica fine particles with uniform submicron particle size appear as a white powder. When silica fine particles form spherical colloidal crystals with short-range order, long-distance order, and periodicity or form colloidal amorphous arrays with only short-range order, the fine particle arrays strongly scatter light with a specific wavelength in all directions. If the wavelength is in the visible light region, these arrays can be used as color materials displaying colors with low angle dependence. However, such arrays formed only from silica fine particles can appear whitish when observed with the naked eye because of noncoherent multiple scattering of light from the interior. Introducing a black Fe-TA complex inside the arrays reduces the effect of the noncoherent multiple scattering of light, and the arrays exhibit bright colors. Safe and inexpensive pigments exhibiting various hues and saturations can be obtained by controlling the size of the silica fine particles, the form of the fine particle arrays, and the incorporated state of the Fe-TA complex. By including TA, the mechanical stability of fine particle arrays and their adhesion to glass substrates are improved, and therefore, the fine particle arrays can be used as coating films.
[766] 使用安全黑白材料制备的彩色光敏颜料 ACS 可持续化学与工程，2019，7(17)：14933-14940。制备支持我们丰富生活方式的鲜艳色彩材料所采用的方法需要审查，目标是使用化学物质以最大限度地减少对人类健康和环境的重大不利影响。在本研究中，我们发现可以通过利用亚微米级无定形二氧化硅细颗粒和铁与单宁酸（Fe-TA 复合物）的复合物来获得各种颜色的颜料，这些颜料用于食品、化妆品等。具有均匀亚微米颗粒尺寸的二氧化硅细颗粒呈白色粉末状。当二氧化硅细颗粒形成具有短程有序、长程有序和周期性的球形胶体晶体，或形成只有短程有序的胶体非晶阵列时，细颗粒阵列会以特定波长向所有方向强烈散射光线。如果波长在可见光区域，这些阵列可以用作低角度依赖性的颜色材料。 然而，仅由二氧化硅细颗粒形成的阵列在肉眼观察时可能呈现白色，因为内部光线发生非相干多次散射。在阵列内部引入黑色 Fe-TA 复合物可以减少光的非相干多次散射效应，从而使阵列呈现出鲜艳的颜色。通过控制二氧化硅细颗粒的大小、细颗粒阵列的形状以及 Fe-TA 复合物的掺入状态，可以获得安全且价格低廉的、呈现各种色调和饱和度的颜料。通过引入 TA，细颗粒阵列的机械稳定性和其对玻璃基板的附着力得到提高，因此，细颗粒阵列可以用作涂层薄膜。

[767] Antibody Recognition by a Novel Microgel Photonic Crystal Bioorganic Chemistry, 2019, 84: 389-393. In this study, a easy-to-prepare biosensor for the sensitive detection of the antibody (Ab) protein was developed using a novel microgel photonic crystal (MPC). The MPC was fabricated by the spin-coated self-assembly method with the monodisperse Ab-sensitive poly (methyl methacrylate-acrylamide-glutaraldehyde-hapten) (P(MMA-AM-GA-HP)) microgels. Morphology characterization showed that the P(MMA-AM-GA-HP) microgels possessed round shapes and the large specific surface area, and the formed MPC had a highly ordered three dimensional (3D) periodically-ordered structure with the desired structural color. The Ab-response event of the P(MMA-AM-GA- HP) microgels can be directly transferred into a readable optical signal through a change in Bragg reflection of the periodic structure of the MPC. With the sensory system, the sensitive and selective detection of Ab was achieved without labeling techniques and expensive instruments. Therefore, this easy and sensitive detection system has great potential for next generation of the bioassay platform for clinical diagnosis and other applications.
[767] 一种新型微凝胶光子晶体生物有机化学，2019，84：389-393。在这项研究中，利用一种新型微凝胶光子晶体（MPC）开发了一种易于制备的生物传感器，用于对抗体（Ab）蛋白进行敏感检测。MPC 是通过旋涂自组装方法制备的，使用了单分散的抗体敏感聚合物（P(MMA-AM-GA-HP)）微凝胶。形态学表征显示，P(MMA-AM-GA-HP)微凝胶具有圆形形状和大的比表面积，形成的 MPC 具有高度有序的三维（3D）周期性结构，具有所需的颜色。P(MMA-AM-GA-HP)微凝胶的 Ab 响应事件可以通过 MPC 周期结构的布拉格反射变化直接转化为可读的光学信号。借助传感系统，实现了无需标记技术和昂贵仪器的抗体的高灵敏度和选择性检测。 因此，这个简单且灵敏的检测系统在下一代临床诊断和其他应用的生物检测平台中具有巨大潜力。

[768] Royer D F: Seeing with Sound: How Ultrasound Is Changing the Way We Look at Anatomy, Rea P M, editor, Biomedical Visualisation, Vol 2, 2019: 47-56. [769] Bioinspired Structural Color Sensors Based on Responsive Soft Materials Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science, 2019, 23(1): 13-27. Structural colors in nature have inspired the design of diverse photonic structures, which can interact with light via interference, diffraction or scattering. Among them, responsive soft material-involved photonic structures uniquely feature large volumetric changes upon external stimuli. The volumetric changes result in peak/valley shift of reflection spectra and perceptible color changes, providing responsive soft material-based structural color systems capability of serving as sensors for detecting chemical and biological analytes. Synthetic polymers and some natural materials are the most studied and utilized responsive soft materials for constructing structural color sensors, by tuning the thickness and morphology of formed films, or incorporating them into template structures, or their self-assembling. In this review article, structural colors in nature are firstly introduced, followed by discussing recent developments of promising responsive soft material-based structural color sensors, including the design of structural color sensors based on synthetic polymers and natural materials, as well as their applications for chemical sensing, biosensing, and multi-analyte sensing with sensor arrays. For specific sensing of chemicals and biomolecules, the sensing performance is evaluated in terms of detection range, sensitivity, response time, and selectivity. For multi-analyte sensing, cross-reactive structural sensor arrays based on simply a single soft material will be shown capable of discriminating various series of similar compounds. The future development of structural color sensors is also proposed and discussed.
[768] 罗耶尔 D F: 用声音看世界：超声波如何改变我们对解剖学的看法，雷亚 P M 编著，《生物医学可视化》，第 2 卷，2019 年：47-56。 [769] 基于响应性软材料的生物启发结构色传感器 当前固态与材料科学观点，2019 年，23(1)：13-27。自然界中的结构色启发了多种光子结构的设计，这些结构可以通过干涉、衍射或散射与光相互作用。其中，涉及响应性软材料的光子结构独特之处在于，在外部刺激下具有巨大的体积变化。体积变化导致反射光谱的峰值/谷值偏移和可感知的颜色变化，使基于响应性软材料的结构色系统具有作为检测化学和生物分析物的传感器的功能。合成聚合物和一些天然材料是最常研究和利用的响应性软材料，用于构建结构色传感器，通过调节形成的薄膜的厚度和形态，或将其纳入模板结构，或其自组装。 在这篇综述文章中，首先介绍了自然界中的结构色，随后讨论了基于响应性软材料的结构色传感器的最新进展，包括基于合成聚合物和天然材料的设计，以及它们在化学传感、生物传感和多分析物传感（传感器阵列）中的应用。对于化学和生物分子的特定传感，传感性能从检测范围、灵敏度、响应时间和选择性等方面进行评估。对于多分析物传感，基于单一软材料的交叉反应性结构传感器阵列将能够区分各种类似的化合物系列。还提出了结构色传感器未来的发展方向，并进行了讨论。

[770] Photostationary Rgb Selective Reflection from Self‐Organized Helical Superstructures for Continuous Photopatterning Advanced Optical Materials, 2019, 7(18).
[770] 自组织螺旋超结构的光照稳态 RGB 选择性反射用于连续光图案化，高级光学材料，2019，7(18)。

[771] Species and Release Characteristics of Vocs in Furniture Coating Process Environmental Pollution, 2019, 245: 810-819. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are an important factor affecting ambient air quality, and furniture production is one of the important sources of VOC pollution. High VOC concentrations have adverse effects on the environment and worker welfare in furniture factories. In order to control VOC emissions in a furniture workshop, the VOC species and concentration distributions were examined. Qualitative analysis of VOC species was carried out by headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The results showed that VOCs from a furniture workshop were mainly 12 substances including acetate, toluene, and xylene compounds. The heights and representative positions of VOCs released during the coating process were determined, and the results showed that VOC concentrations depended on environmental and height factors. The concentration of VOCs decreased with increasing altitude and reached a maximum concentration at 0.4 m above the ground. Because the concentration of VOCs varied with temperature, humidity, air pressure, and amount of spray paint, this paper established functional relationships between VOC concentrations and temperature, humidity, air pressure, and amount of spray paint. These results provide a theoretical basis for furniture workshops to automatically monitor and control VOCs. Main finding of this work: VOCs from the furniture workshop were mainly composed of 10 substances including acetate, toluene, and xylene compounds. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
家具涂层工艺 VOCs 的物种和排放特性，2019，环境污染，245：810-819。挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）是影响环境空气质量的重要因素，家具生产是 VOCs 污染的重要来源之一。高 VOC 浓度对家具工厂的环境和工人福利有不利影响。为了控制家具车间 VOC 排放，考察了 VOC 物种和浓度分布。通过顶空气相色谱质谱联用对 VOC 物种进行了定性分析。结果表明，家具车间 VOC 主要是包括乙酸、甲苯和二甲苯在内的 12 种物质。确定了涂层过程中释放的 VOCs 的高度和代表性位置，结果表明 VOC 浓度取决于环境和高度因素。VOC 浓度随高度增加而降低，在地面以上 0.4 米处达到最大浓度。 由于 VOCs 的浓度随温度、湿度、气压和喷漆量而变化，本文建立了 VOCs 浓度与温度、湿度、气压和喷漆量之间的功能关系。这些结果为家具车间自动监测和控制 VOCs 提供了理论依据。本工作的主要发现：家具车间的 VOCs 主要由包括乙酸酯、甲苯和二甲苯化合物在内的 10 种物质组成。（C）2018 Elsevier Ltd. 版权所有。

[772] Acetylcholinesterase-Functionalized Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal for the Sensing of G-Series Nerve Agents Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2019, 411(12): 9. G-series nerve agents, such as sarin, tabun, and soman, would cause tremendous harm in military and terrorist attacks, so it is necessary to develop a simple method for the rapid and efficient detection of these hazardous substances. We have developed a tunable acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-functionalized two-dimensional photonic crystal (2D PhC) for the detection of a real nerve agent, sarin. In accordance with the 2D PhC previously prepared by our group, the AChE-functionalized 2D PhC was optimized by adjustment of the amount of monomer in the hydrogel, which not only increased the sensitivity of the 2D PhC, with the detection limit decreasing by two orders of magnitude, but also ensured the structural color spanned the whole visible region in the detection range. A linear relationship between the logarithm of the sarin concentration and the particle spacing of the AChE-functionalized 2D PhC was observed from 7.1 x 10(-17) to 7.1 x 10(-4) mol/L. The AChE-functionalized 2D PhC also responded to mimics of G-series nerve agents, including dimethyl methylphosphonate, diisopropyl methylphosphonate, and isodipropyl methylphosphonate, to various degrees. The proposed 2D-PhC hydrogel has potential for low-cost, trace-level, and on-site monitoring of other G-series nerve agents.
[772] 乙酰胆碱酯酶功能化二维光子晶体用于 G 系列神经毒剂传感分析与生物分析化学， 2019， 411（12）： 9.G 系列神经毒剂，如沙林、塔本和索曼，会在军事和恐怖袭击中造成巨大伤害，因此有必要开发一种简单的方法来快速有效地检测这些有害物质。我们开发了一种可调乙酰胆碱酯酶 （AChE） 功能化的二维光子晶体 （2D PhC），用于检测真正的神经毒剂沙林。根据我们小组之前制备的 2D PhC，通过调整水凝胶中单体的量来优化 AChE 功能化的 2D PhC，不仅提高了 2D PhC 的灵敏度，检测限降低了两个数量级，而且保证了结构颜色跨越了检测范围内的整个可见区域。观察到沙林浓度的对数与 AChE 官能化 2D PhC 的颗粒间距之间的线性关系，范围为 7.1 x 10（-17） 至 7.1 x 10（-4） mol/L。 乙酰胆碱酯酶功能化的二维磷光晶体也响应了 G 系列神经毒剂的模拟物，包括二甲基甲基磷酰化物、二异丙基甲基磷酰化物和异二丙基甲基磷酰化物，程度各异。所提出的二维-磷光晶体水凝胶具有低成本、痕量级和现场监测其他 G 系列神经毒剂的潜力。

[773] Effective Properties and Nonlinearities in 1-3 Piezocomposites: A Comprehensive Review Smart Materials and Structures, 2019, 28(10): 103001. 1-3 piezocomposites are excellent candidate materials for sensor, actuator and transducer applications owing to their remarkable dielectric properties, enhanced piezoelectric coupling constants and improved hydrostatic performance along with tunable acoustic impedance, high bandwidth and reliability. These materials find extensive use in aerospace, naval and biomedical sectors. 1-3 piezocomposites show a linear response when subjected to low electric fields and/or mechanical stresses. In such cases, linear models are sufficient for predicting their linear response. But, when high electro-mechanical loads are applied to these materials, they show nonlinearity owing to the presence of a passive and viscoelastic polymer matrix phase and inherent hysteretic damping in the piezoceramic fibers. This is when it becomes mandatory to understand both their linear and nonlinear behavior under different magnitudes of thermo-electro-mechanical static and dynamic loads. Linear response is modeled using linear piezoelectric constitutive equations. Nonlinearities in the form of hysteresis, depolarization, fatigue and creep occurs in 1-3 piezocomposites, which drastically affects their accuracy, precision and efficiency. In order to understand these nonlinearities, analytical and numerical methods have been proposed by several researchers in the past. An endeavor has been undertaken to review some of the attempts made earlier in these directions. Effective properties of these inhomogeneous media are evaluated through different hypotheses and assumptions. Most often, experimental routes are undertaken to predict material properties of 1-3 piezocomposites; nevertheless, the experimental evaluation of a few material properties is quite difficult and sometimes impossible, even with the best state-of-theart experimental facilities. This motivates researchers to develop theoretical models to predict these material properties. Nonlinearities in 1-3 piezocomposites have been studied by researchers earlier with different theoretical modeling approaches and experimental techniques. This review paper is an endeavor to discuss the progress regarding the study of effective properties and nonlinearities in 1-3 piezocomposites in a coherent and holistic manner.
[773] 1-3 压电复合材料的有效特性和非线性：全面综述 智能材料与结构，2019，28(10)：103001。1-3 压电复合材料由于其卓越的介电特性、增强的压电耦合常数和改进的静水性能，以及可调的声阻抗、高带宽和可靠性，是传感器、执行器和传感器应用的理想候选材料。这些材料在航空航天、海军和生物医学领域得到广泛应用。在低电场和/或机械应力下，1-3 压电复合材料表现出线性响应。在这种情况下，线性模型足以预测其线性响应。但是，当对这些材料施加高电机械载荷时，由于存在被动和粘弹性聚合物基相以及压电纤维中的固有滞后阻尼，它们表现出非线性。这时，了解它们在不同大小热电机械静态和动态载荷下的线性和非线性行为变得至关重要。线性响应使用线性压电本构方程进行建模。 非线性现象，如滞后、去极化、疲劳和蠕变，在 1-3 型压电复合材料中发生，这极大地影响了它们的精度、精确度和效率。为了理解这些非线性现象，过去已有几位研究人员提出了分析和数值方法。已经有人努力回顾了在这些方向上早期的一些尝试。通过不同的假设和假设，评估了这些非均匀介质的有效特性。通常，采用实验方法来预测 1-3 型压电复合材料的材料特性；然而，对一些材料特性的实验评估相当困难，有时甚至不可能，即使是最先进的实验设施也是如此。这促使研究人员开发理论模型来预测这些材料特性。研究人员以前已经使用不同的理论建模方法和实验技术研究了 1-3 型压电复合材料中的非线性。 这篇综述论文旨在以连贯和全面的方式讨论关于 1-3 压电复合材料的有效特性和非线性研究进展。

[774] Quantitative Evaluation of Long-Range and Cooperative Ion Effect on Water in Polyamide Network Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2019, 123(13): 2948-2955. Despite long-standing research efforts to elucidate the specific ion effect on the structure and dynamics of water, the spatial extent affected by ions and the cooperativity of ions and counterions are still controversial. Here, we demonstrate an undoubtable evidence of long-range and cooperative ion effect on water molecules in a polyamide network by using a precision ion sensor of photonic crystal hydrogel membrane. The ion effect was quantitatively evaluated by means of the osmotic work per unit cell volume change of photonic crystal, W-unit, required for the ion-inhibited dehydration, which means a suppressed migration of water molecules by the extensive effect of ions beyond their immediate hydration shells. It was found that W-unit required for 14 vol % contraction of the membrane sensor in LiCl aqueous solutions was 7.7 times larger than that in Sr(NO3)(2) solutions. The combination of structure-making Ca2+ and Sr2+ with nitrate anions lowered the ion effect than the chloride salts of borderline Na+ and Ba2+. Furthermore, the nitrate salt of Sr2+ exhibited a lower ion effect than the chloride salts of structure-breaking K+ and Cs+. These results have revealed that the ion effect acts to water extensively, which is modulated by cooperative interactions of ions and counterions.
[774] 聚酰胺网络中长程和协同离子效应对水的定量评估 物理化学 B 辑，2019，123(13)：2948-2955。尽管长期致力于阐明特定离子对水结构和动力学的影响，但离子影响的空间范围以及离子和反离子的协同作用仍存在争议。在这里，我们通过使用光子晶体水凝胶膜的精密离子传感器，证明了聚酰胺网络中水分子长程和协同离子效应的无可置疑的证据。通过光子晶体单位体积变化所需的渗透功 W 单元对离子抑制脱水的定量评估，这种离子效应意味着水分子在离子广泛影响下，其直接水合壳层之外的迁移受到抑制。研究发现，在 LiCl 水溶液中使膜传感器收缩 14 体积百分比的 W 单元比在 Sr(NO3)2 溶液中所需的 W 单元大 7.7 倍。结构形成 Ca2+和 Sr2+与硝酸根离子的结合比 Na+和 Ba2+的氯盐降低了离子效应。 此外，Sr2+的硝酸盐比结构破坏性 K+和 Cs+的氯化物盐表现出更低的离子效应。这些结果揭示了离子效应广泛作用于水，其受到离子和反离子协同作用的影响。

[775] Physicochemical Evaluation of Nanocomposite Hydrogels with Covalently Incorporated Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Functionalized Graphene Oxide Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2019, 136(41): 48025. To avoid the negative effect of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets aggregation in aqueous solutions on physicochemical properties of GO incorporated nanocomposite hydrogels, poly(vinyl alcohol)-functionalized GO (GO-es-PVA) are synthesized and are used for preparation of nanocomposite hydrogels. By graft copolymerization of GO-es-PVA with poly(AA-co-AAm) chains, the nanocomposite hydrogel samples with covalently incorporated GO-es-PVA are achieved. FTIR spectroscopy, XRD analysis, and SEM and EDAX techniques confirm successful synthesis process. It is clear that GO-es-PVA content has significant effect on physicochemical properties of nanocomposite hydrogels, such as improvement of the water uptake properties, porosity, and gel strength. The hydrogel sample with 1:80 mass ratio of GO-es-PVA/AAm has the best physicochemical properties due to the optimum amount of GO-es-PVA, which gives the hydrogel proper viscoelasticity as well as fine porosity and water uptake rate. Interpenetration of PVA chains into the polymeric networks makes the movement of the polymer chains easier, which leads to softer polymeric networks. This phenomenon is called plasticizing effect. The plasticizing nature of PVA and its high hydrophilicity are the main reasons for the fine physicochemical properties. (c) 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48025.
纳米复合水凝胶的物理化学评价：共价结合聚（乙烯醇）功能化氧化石墨烯，应用聚合物科学杂志，2019，136(41): 48025。为了避免氧化石墨烯（GO）纳米片在水中聚集对 GO 纳米复合水凝胶物理化学性质的不利影响，合成了聚（乙烯醇）功能化 GO（GO-es-PVA）并用于纳米复合水凝胶的制备。通过 GO-es-PVA 与聚（AA-co-AAm）链的接枝共聚，实现了共价结合 GO-es-PVA 的纳米复合水凝胶样品。FTIR 光谱、XRD 分析和 SEM 及 EDAX 技术证实了合成过程的成功。显然，GO-es-PVA 含量对纳米复合水凝胶的物理化学性质有显著影响，如提高吸水性能、孔隙率和凝胶强度。GO-es-PVA/AAm 质量比为 1:80 的凝胶样品由于 GO-es-PVA 的最佳量，具有最佳的物理化学性质，赋予凝胶适当的粘弹性和良好的孔隙率和吸水率。 聚乙烯醇（PVA）链在聚合物网络中的互穿使聚合物链的运动更容易，从而导致聚合物网络更柔软。这种现象称为塑化效应。PVA 的塑化性质及其高亲水性是优异的物理化学性质的主要原因。（c）2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48025.

[776] Grating Diffraction or Bragg Diffraction? Coloration Mechanisms of the Photonic Ball Advanced Optical Materials, 2019, 7(13). The coloration mechanism of the photonic ball is investigated, which is a spherical aggregation of submicrometer-sized colloidal particles. An interesting optical property is reported for photonic balls with colloidal particles larger than 400 nm: a ring-like iridescent reflection appears on the peripheral part of the ball when observed under an optical microscope. Previous studies considered grating diffraction or Bragg diffraction separately to explain this iridescence. Here, it is shown from detailed structural and optical investigations that both diffraction mechanisms are important. In particular, Bragg diffraction explains the presence of a specific color for the photonic ball when observed with the naked eye in contrast to the iridescence seen under the microscope. The essential idea of the optical analysis is to combine the Bragg diffraction that occurs in the 3D periodic structure with the grating diffraction that originates from the surface with a 2D periodicity. The macroscopic color is almost independent of the angle of observation because of this unique reflection mechanism; hence, the photonic ball can be a suitable candidate for the structurally colored pigment.
[776] 光子球的光泽机制或布拉格衍射？先进光学材料，2019，7(13)。研究了光子球的光泽机制，光子球是由亚微米级胶体粒子组成的球形聚集体。对于大于 400 nm 的胶体粒子光子球，报告了一种有趣的光学特性：在光学显微镜下观察时，球体外围出现环状彩虹反射。先前的研究将光栅衍射或布拉格衍射分开来解释这种彩虹现象。在这里，通过详细的结构和光学研究表明，这两种衍射机制都很重要。特别是，布拉格衍射解释了当用肉眼观察光子球时出现特定颜色，而显微镜下观察到的是彩虹。光学分析的基本思想是将 3D 周期性结构中发生的布拉格衍射与源自具有二维周期性的表面的光栅衍射相结合。 由于这种独特的反射机制，宏观颜色几乎与观察角度无关；因此，光子球可以成为结构色色素的合适候选者。

[777] Construction of Ordered Structure in Polysaccharide Hydrogel: A Review Carbohydrate Polymers, 2019, 205: 225-235. Hydrogels are three-dimensional, hydrophilic, polymeric networks, held together by a variety of physical or chemical crosslinks. Among the numerous polymers that can be employed to fabricate hydrogel, polysaccharides have attracted enormous attention due to their peculiar properties that make them suitable for various applications. Compared with homogeneous hydrogels, hydrogels with ordered structures on various length scales are endowed with excellent properties and promising applications in materials science. In the present review, a wide range of techniques were introduced and discussed, which had been utilized to construct ordered hierarchical structures in polysaccharide hydrogels. These techniques focused on the construction of multi-layered and orientated structure, which are two typical and very important forms of hierarchical structure.
[777] 多糖水凝胶有序结构构建：综述 碳水化合物聚合物，2019，205：225-235。水凝胶是三维、亲水、聚合物网络，由各种物理或化学交联键连接在一起。在众多可用于制造水凝胶的聚合物中，由于它们独特的性质，使其适用于各种应用，多糖引起了极大的关注。与均质水凝胶相比，具有各种长度尺度有序结构的水凝胶具有优异的性能和材料科学中具有前景的应用。在本综述中，介绍了广泛的技术并进行了讨论，这些技术已被用于构建多糖水凝胶中的有序分层结构。这些技术侧重于多层和定向结构的构建，这是两种典型且非常重要的分层结构形式。

[778] Internal Strain and Temperature Discrimination with Optical Fiber Hybrid Sensors in Li-Ion Batteries Journal of Power Sources, 2019, 410: 1-9. Strain and temperature are critical parameters to monitor in Li-ion batteries (LIBs) to improve their safety and long-term cycling stability. High local current densities can result in a massive heat release, decomposition of the electrolyte, gas evolution and even explosion of the battery cell, known as thermal runaway. However, the corrosive chemical environment in the batteries is a challenge to monitor strain and temperature. Optical fiber sensors, due to their high chemical stability and small diameter, can be embedded within the LIBs, thus becoming an interesting solution for operando and in situ measurements. In this work, a hybrid sensing network constituted by fiber Bragg gratings and Fabry-Perot cavities is proposed for the discrimination of strain and temperature. The proof-of-concept was performed by attaching the sensing network to the surface of a smart phone battery. Afterwards, it was embedded in a Li-ion pouch cell to monitor and simultaneously discriminate internal strain and temperature variations in three different locations. Higher thermal and strain variations are observed in the middle position. The methodology presented proves to be a feasible and non-invasive solution for internal, real-time, multipoint and operando temperature and strain monitoring of LIBs, which is crucial for their safety.
[778] 锂离子电池中光纤混合传感器的内部应变和温度识别《电源杂志》，2019，410：1-9。应变和温度是监控锂离子电池（LIBs）以改善其安全性和长期循环稳定性的关键参数。高局部电流密度可能导致大量热量释放、电解质分解、气体释放甚至电池单元爆炸，即热失控。然而，电池中的腐蚀性化学环境对监测应变和温度是一个挑战。光纤传感器由于其高化学稳定性和小直径，可以嵌入到 LIBs 中，因此成为操作和原位测量的有趣解决方案。在这项工作中，提出了一种由光纤布拉格光栅和法布里-珀罗腔组成的混合传感网络，用于识别应变和温度。通过将传感网络附着在智能手机电池表面进行了概念验证。 之后，它被嵌入到锂离子软包电池中，以监测并同时在三个不同位置区分内部应变和温度变化。中间位置的温度和应变变化更高。所提出的方法被证明是一种可行且非侵入性的解决方案，用于对 LIBs 进行内部、实时、多点及原位温度和应变监测，这对于它们的安全性至关重要。

[779] Temperature Fiber Sensing of Li-Ion Batteries under Different Environmental and Operating Conditions Applied Thermal Engineering, 2019, 149: 1236-1243. In this work, a network of fiber sensors has been developed for real time, in situ, and in operando multipoint monitoring the surface temperature distribution on a smartphone Li-ion battery (LiB). Different temperature and relative humidity conditions are considered, in order to mimic the LiB response in the dry, temperate, and cold climates. In total, the temperature variations that occur in five different locations of the LiB are monitored, during constant current charge and different discharge rates, under normal and abusive operating conditions, performing a thermal spatial mapping of the battery surface. In general, the sensors detect temperature variations according to the voltage signal change and faster variations of voltage usually translate in higher temperature rise at the LiB surface. For instance, under abusive discharge, where the voltage drop is fast, the temperature increases at least twice when compared to the normal operating conditions. Absolute temperature values as high as (65.0 +/- 0.1) degrees C are detected by the optical sensor located near the electrodes, under the higher discharge rate (5.77 degrees C) and dry climate. A thermal gradient is identified from the top to the bottom on the LiB surface during the experimental tests. A lower battery performance is observed when it operates under the cold climate, with maximum temperature variations of (30.0 +/- 0.1) degrees C for the higher discharge rate. These results can be helpful to design of next generation of LiBs, improving a faster cooling in critical areas, in order to reduce accumulated heat and preventing consequences such as thermal runaway and failure.
[779] 不同环境和操作条件下锂离子电池的温度光纤传感应用热工程，2019，149：1236-1243。在这项工作中，开发了一个光纤传感器网络，用于实时、原位和操作中的多点监测智能手机锂离子电池（LiB）表面的温度分布。考虑了不同的温度和相对湿度条件，以模拟 LiB 在干燥、温带和寒冷气候下的响应。总共监测了 LiB 五个不同位置的温度变化，在恒定电流充电和不同放电速率下，在正常和滥用操作条件下，对电池表面进行热空间映射。一般来说，传感器根据电压信号变化检测温度变化，电压变化通常转化为 LiB 表面温度升高。例如，在滥用放电的情况下，电压下降快，与正常操作条件相比，温度至少升高了两倍。 绝对温度值高达（65.0 +/- 0.1）摄氏度，由位于电极附近的传感器检测到，在更高的放电率（5.77 摄氏度）和干燥气候下。在实验测试中，在 LiB 表面从上到下识别出热梯度。在寒冷气候下运行时，观察到电池性能降低，对于更高的放电率，最大温度变化为（30.0 +/- 0.1）摄氏度。这些结果有助于设计下一代 LiB，在关键区域实现更快冷却，以减少累积热量并防止热失控和故障等后果。

[780] Patterned Photonic Array Based on an Intertwined Polymer Network Functionalized with a Nonenzymatic Moiety for the Visual Detection of Glucose ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019, 11(41): 37434-37441. A patterned photonic array chip based on an intertwined polymer network (IPN) is proposed for the visual detection of glucose. The IPN networks are composed of photonic and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) networks. Aminophenylboronic acid, as a nonenzymatic glucose-responsive moiety that can covalently bond to glucose at alkaline pH, forming tetragonal complexes, is immobilized in the PAA network; in hydrogels, this bonding generates Donnan osmotic pressure, resulting in a volumetric increase of the photonic IPN and reflected color change. The photonic band gap wavelength linearly increases with the glucose concen- tration (in the 1-12 mM range), with a limit of detection of 0.35 mM. The dots of the photonic IPN array respond independently, with high sensitivity and stability, to glucose via color changes; different glucose levels, from hypo- to hyperglycemia, can be visually detected in this way. Serum samples spiked with different glucose concentrations were tested for practical evaluation of the chip. The proposed chip could be utilized as a new biosensor platform for cost-effective and easy visual detection in remote areas, without the need of advanced instruments or technology.
基于交联聚合物网络的非酶性部分功能化的图案化光子阵列，用于葡萄糖的视觉检测 ACS 应用材料与界面，2019，11（41）：37434-37441。提出了一种基于交联聚合物网络（IPN）的图案化光子阵列芯片，用于葡萄糖的视觉检测。IPN 网络由光子网络和聚丙烯酸（PAA）网络组成。氨基苯硼酸作为一种非酶性葡萄糖响应基团，在碱性 pH 下可以共价结合葡萄糖，形成四方复合物，固定在 PAA 网络中；在水凝胶中，这种结合产生 Donnan 渗透压，导致光子 IPN 体积增加和反射颜色变化。光子带隙波长与葡萄糖浓度（在 1-12 mM 范围内）呈线性增加，检测限为 0.35 mM。光子 IPN 阵列的点对葡萄糖通过颜色变化独立响应，具有高灵敏度和稳定性；通过这种方式可以视觉检测从低血糖到高血糖的不同葡萄糖水平。 血清样本添加不同葡萄糖浓度进行测试，以评估芯片的实际性能。所提出的芯片可以作为新的生物传感器平台，在偏远地区进行低成本、易于视觉检测，无需先进仪器或技术。

[781] The Hofmeister Series: Specific Ion Effects in Aqueous Polymer Solutions Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2019, 555: 615-635. Specific ion effects in aqueous polymer solutions have been under active investigation over the past few decades. The current state-of-the-art research is primarily focused on the understanding of the mechanisms through which ions interact with macromolecules and affect their solution stability. Hence, we herein first present the current opinion on the sources of ion-specific effects and review the relevant studies. This includes a summary of the molecular mechanisms through which ions can interact with polymers, quantification of the affinity of ions for the polymer surface, a thermodynamic description of the effects of salts on polymer stability, as well as a discussion on the different forces that contribute to ion-polymer interplay. Finally, we also highlight future research issues that call for further scrutiny. These include fundamental questions on the mechanisms of ion-specific effects and their correlation with polymer properties as well as a discussion on the specific ion effects in more complex systems such as mixed electrolyte solutions. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
[781] 霍夫迈斯特系列：水溶液聚合物中的特定离子效应 《胶体与界面科学杂志》，2019，555：615-635。在过去几十年中，水溶液聚合物中的特定离子效应一直是活跃的研究领域。当前最先进的研究主要集中在理解离子与高分子相互作用及其影响溶液稳定性的机制。因此，我们首先介绍关于离子特定效应来源的当前观点，并回顾相关研究。这包括总结离子与聚合物相互作用的分子机制、量化离子对聚合物表面的亲和力、描述盐对聚合物稳定性的热力学效应，以及讨论导致离子-聚合物相互作用的力。最后，我们还强调了需要进一步审视的未来研究问题。 这些包括关于离子特异性作用机制及其与聚合物性质相关性的基本问题，以及关于更复杂系统（如混合电解质溶液）中特定离子效应的讨论。（C）2019 Elsevier Inc. 版权所有。

[782] Bio-Inspired Transparent Structural Color Film and Its Application in Biomimetic Camouflage Nanoscale, 2019, 11(28): 13377-13384. The transparent wings of insects with intelligent structural colors or good invisibility in different surroundings provide them with unique camouflage capability for protection and information exchange. Inspired by the existence of ordered biological nanostructures on the surface of the wings, freestanding composite photonic crystal (PC) films were prepared by infiltrating polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, n = 1.41) into the interstices of a highly ordered opal PC using poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA, n = 1.49) spheres as building blocks. The appropriate refractive index contrast (Delta n = 0.08) endowed the composite film with high transparency and vivid structural colors. Consequently, the PC film was invisible in shaded surroundings and showed brilliant structural color under sunlight. Also, 186, 229 and 257 nm PMMA spheres were used to obtain composite PC films with different structural colors. Moreover, as a proof of concept, a biomimetic dragonfly-shaped film was fabricated using a patterned substrate. When it was placed on a green tree under sunlight, abundant structural colors appeared at different specular viewing angles. However, it camouflaged in the environment when the shadows of the green tree shielded the sunlight or when viewed in non-specular angles with sunshine. This unique property indicated their potential applications in biomimetic camouflage and smart stealth materials for bionic machines.
[782] 生物启发透明结构色薄膜及其在仿生伪装纳米尺度中的应用，2019，11(28)：13377-13384。具有智能结构色或在不同环境中良好隐身性的昆虫透明翅膀，为它们提供了独特的伪装能力，以实现保护和信息交流。受翅膀表面有序生物纳米结构存在的启发，通过将聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS，n = 1.41）浸入高度有序的球形光子晶体（PC）的孔隙中，并使用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA，n = 1.49）球作为构建块，制备了自支撑复合光子晶体（PC）薄膜。适当的折射率对比度（Δn = 0.08）赋予了复合薄膜高透明度和鲜艳的结构色。因此，PC 薄膜在阴影环境中不可见，在阳光下显示出明亮的结构色。此外，还使用了 186 nm、229 nm 和 257 nm 的 PMMA 球来获得不同结构色的复合 PC 薄膜。此外，作为一种概念验证，使用图案化衬底制造了一种仿生蜻蜓形状的薄膜。 当它被放置在阳光下的一棵绿树上时，在不同镜面观察角度下出现了丰富的结构色。然而，当绿树的阴影遮挡阳光或以非镜面角度在阳光下观察时，它便与环境融为一体。这种独特的性质表明它们在仿生伪装和智能隐形材料应用于仿生机器方面的潜在应用。

[783] Bioinspired Hydrogel Microfibres Colour-Encoded with Colloidal Crystals Materials Horizons, 2019, 6(9): 1938-1943. Herein we describe a colour encoding system based on sequentially-encoded colloidal crystal microdots within hydrogel microfibres. This approach exploits a microfluidic spinning technology to generate microfibres in which colloidal crystals, of tuneable size, interval distance, number and sequential array, are orthogonally and simultaneously embedded. The hydrogel microfibre is comprised of calcium alginate, which can gel rapidly, is transparent and soft, and serves as a scaffold for the colloidal crystals. Further, the structural colour of the colloidal crystal microdots is visible and spectroscopically readable, offering a reliable and versatile colour-coding toolbox. We demonstrate the scalability and tuneability of the microfluidic spinning approach for generating hydrogel microfibres that exhibit encoding units from single dot to multiple coloured dots. This paper provides the proof of concept study of developing the application of the colloidal crystals to construct a novel encoding system.
基于水凝胶微纤维的胶体晶体颜色编码材料前沿，2019，6（9）：1938-1943。本文描述了一种基于水凝胶微纤维中顺序编码的胶体晶体微点的颜色编码系统。该方法利用微流控纺丝技术生成微纤维，其中可调大小、间隔距离、数量和顺序排列的胶体晶体正交且同时嵌入。水凝胶微纤维由可快速凝胶、透明柔软的钙藻酸盐组成，作为胶体晶体的支架。此外，胶体晶体微点的结构颜色可见且可通过光谱读取，提供了一种可靠且多功能的颜色编码工具箱。我们展示了微流控纺丝方法在生成从单个点到多个彩色点的编码单元的水凝胶微纤维方面的可扩展性和可调性。本文提供了将胶体晶体应用于构建新型编码系统的概念验证研究。

[784] Molecularly Imprinted Hollow Spheres for the Solid Phase Extraction of Protein Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities-Chinese, 2019, 40(1): 62-68. Molecularly imprinted polymer was widely used as the stuffing of solid phase extraction (SPE) due to its high selectivity. Hb isolation from complex matrix was established based on molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (MISPE). Mono-dispersed molecularly imprinted hollow spheres (MIHS) of hemoglobin (Hb) were synthesized using silica nanospheres as the sacrificial matrix. It is proved that the MIHS with good monodispersion and uniform particle size by TEM scanning was suitable for SPE enrichment matrix. Therefore, the extraction of Hb, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and cytochrome C(Cyt C) by MIHSs was investigated by SPE combined with liquid chromatographic method. The recovery of Hb was higher than 80% in phosphate buffer solution (pH =7) while it was lower than 50% for RNase A and Cyt C. Meanwhile, the degree of precision (RSD) was lower than 5%. Compared to the surface imprinted silica (SIS), the MIHS had good recognition and fast adsorption-desorption dynamics for Hb. Moreover, this method was also confirmed in real sample, and the adsorption of Hb was 82% in the spiked bovine serum.
分子印迹空心球用于蛋白质的固相萃取——中国大学化学学报（中文版），2019，40（1）：62-68。由于分子印迹聚合物具有高选择性，因此被广泛用作固相萃取（SPE）的填充物。基于分子印迹固相萃取（MISPE）建立了从复杂基质中分离 Hb 的方法。使用二氧化硅纳米球作为牺牲基质合成了均分散的 Hb 分子印迹空心球（MIHS）。通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）扫描证明，具有良好单分散性和均匀粒径的 MIHS 适用于 SPE 富集基质。因此，通过 SPE 结合液相色谱法研究了 MIHS 对 Hb、牛血清白蛋白（BSA）和细胞色素 C（Cyt C）的提取。在磷酸盐缓冲溶液（pH =7）中，Hb 的回收率高于 80%，而 RNase A 和 Cyt C 的回收率低于 50%。同时，精密度（RSD）低于 5%。与表面印迹硅胶（SIS）相比，MIHS 对 Hb 具有良好的识别性和快速的吸附-解吸动力学。 此外，该方法也在实际样品中得到验证，加标牛血清中 Hb 的吸附率为 82%。

[785] Rapid Fabrication of Noniridescent Structural Color Coatings with High Color Visibility, Good Structural Stability, and Self-Healing Properties ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019, 11(13): 13022-13028. Artificial construction of amorphous photonic structures (APSs) is an important approach for obtaining noniridescent structural colors and shows a great potential for practical applications in paints, textile coloring, display, or other color-related fields. However, the structural colors are usually dim because of the influence of incoherent scattering, and the point contact among the microspheres leads to poor structural stability. This paper presents an innovative strategy for constructing noniridescent structural color coatings with high color visibility, good structural stability, and self-healing properties by combining APSs with polymers. Color visibility is significantly improved without the addition of black light-absorbing substances because of the inherent properties of polysulfide microspheres. At the same time, the introduction of waterborne polyurea in the system enhanced the structural stability and imparted the self-healing properties. The prepared coatings can be applied to various substrates and even to the coloration of soft fabrics, which not only achieves excellent performance but can also be easily patterned on the bulk scale.
快速制备高色彩可见性、良好结构稳定性和自修复性能的非衍射结构色涂层，ACS 应用材料与界面，2019，11（13）：13022-13028。人工构建非晶光子结构（APS）是获得非衍射结构色的重要方法，在涂料、纺织染色、显示或其他与色彩相关的领域具有很大的应用潜力。然而，由于非相干散射的影响，结构色通常较暗，而微球之间的点接触导致结构稳定性差。本文提出了一种创新策略，通过结合 APS 和聚合物构建具有高色彩可见性、良好结构稳定性和自修复性能的非衍射结构色涂层。由于多硫化物微球的本征特性，无需添加黑色光吸收物质即可显著提高色彩可见性。同时，引入水性聚氨酯系统增强了结构稳定性和赋予自修复性能。 预制的涂层可以应用于各种基材，甚至可以应用于柔软织物的着色，这不仅实现了优异的性能，而且可以在大规模上轻松进行图案化。

[786] Biological Growth and Synthetic Fabrication of Structurally Colored Materials Journal of Optics, 2019, 21(7). Nature's light manipulation strategies-in particular those at the origin of bright iridescent colors-have fascinated humans for centuries. In recent decades, insights into the fundamental concepts and physics underlying biological light-matter interactions have enabled a cascade of attempts to copy nature's optical strategies in synthetic structurally colored materials. However, despite rapid advances in bioinspired materials that emulate and exceed nature's light manipulation abilities, we tend to create these materials via methods that have little in common with the processes used by biology. In this review, we compare the processes that enable the formation of biological photonic structures with the procedures employed by scientists and engineers to fabricate biologically inspired photonic materials. This comparison allows us to reflect upon the broader strategies employed in synthetic processes and to identify biological strategies which, if incorporated into the human palette of fabrication approaches, could significantly advance our abilities to control material structure in three dimensions across all relevant length scales.
[786] 生物生长与结构色材料的合成制备 《光学学报》，2019，21(7)。自然界的光操纵策略——特别是那些产生鲜艳彩虹色的策略——已经吸引了人类几个世纪。在最近几十年中，对生物光物质相互作用的基本概念和物理学的洞察使得模仿自然光学策略的合成结构色材料的尝试如雨后春笋般涌现。然而，尽管在模仿并超越自然界光操纵能力的生物启发材料方面取得了快速进展，我们倾向于通过生物学使用的方法差异很大的方法来创造这些材料。在这篇综述中，我们比较了使生物光子结构形成的过程与科学家和工程师用于制造生物启发光子材料的程序。 这次比较使我们能够反思合成过程中采用的更广泛策略，并识别出如果将其纳入人类制造方法中，能够显著提高我们在所有相关长度尺度上控制材料结构能力的生物策略。

[787] Mechanoresponsive Self-Growing Hydrogels Inspired by Muscle Training Science, 2019, 363(6426): 504-+. Living tissues, such as muscle, autonomously grow and remodel themselves to adapt to their surrounding mechanical environment through metabolic processes. By contrast, typical synthetic materials cannot grow and reconstruct their structures once formed. We propose a strategy for developing "self-growing" polymeric materials that respond to repetitive mechanical stress through an effective-mechanochemical transduction. Robust double-network hydrogels provided with a sustained monomer supply undergo self-growth, and the materials are substantially strengthened under repetitive loading through a structural destruction-reconstruction process. This strategy also endows the hydrogels with tailored functions at desired positions by mechanical stamping. This work may pave the way for the development of self-growing gel materials for applications such as soft robots and intelligent devices.
基于肌肉训练科学启发的机械响应自生长水凝胶，2019，363(6426)：504-+. 生命组织，如肌肉，通过代谢过程自主生长和重塑自身以适应其周围机械环境。相比之下，典型的合成材料一旦形成就无法生长和重构其结构。我们提出了一种开发“自生长”聚合物材料的方法，这些材料通过有效的机械化学转导对重复性机械应力做出反应。具有持续单体供应的稳健双网络水凝胶通过自生长，在重复加载下通过结构破坏-重建过程显著增强。此策略还可以通过机械压制在所需位置赋予水凝胶定制功能。这项工作可能为开发用于软体机器人和智能设备等应用的自我生长凝胶材料铺平道路。

[788] A Semisolid Electrolyte for Flexible Zn-Ion Batteries Acs Applied Energy Materials, 2019, 2(9): 6904-6910. Mechanically strong, ionically conductive, and operationally safe electrolytes are of paramount importance to flexible and wearable electronics. Herein, we report a three-dimensional, double-cross-linked gelatin and sodium alginate hydrogel imbibed with ZnSO4 aqueous solution as an electrolyte membrane for flexible Zn-ion batteries. We show that the designed polymer electrolyte membrane exhibits superior properties in ionic conductivity, mechanical flexibility, electrochemical stability, and compatibility with the Zn anode. The resultant Zn-ion battery outperforms the baseline liquid counterpart in capacity, rate capability, and cycle stability, making it a promising electrolyte membrane candidate for flexible batteries for wearable electronics.
[788] 一种用于柔性锌离子电池的半固态电解质 Acs 应用能源材料，2019，2(9): 6904-6910。机械强度高、离子导电性好、操作安全电解质对于柔性可穿戴电子设备至关重要。在此，我们报道了一种三维、双交联明胶和海藻酸钠水凝胶，浸渍 ZnSO4 水溶液作为柔性锌离子电池的电解质膜。我们表明，设计的聚合物电解质膜在离子导电性、机械柔韧性、电化学稳定性和与锌阳极的相容性方面表现出优异的性能。所得的锌离子电池在容量、倍率性能和循环稳定性方面优于基准液态电池，使其成为柔性可穿戴电子设备电池的电解质膜候选材料。

[789] Thin Polymer Films: Simple Optical Determination of Molecular Diffusion Coefficients ACS Applied Polymer Materials, 2019, 2(2): 563-568.
[789] 薄聚合物薄膜：分子扩散系数的简单光学测定 ACS 应用聚合物材料，2019，2(2): 563-568。

[790] Flory-Huggins Photonic Sensors for the Optical Assessment of Molecular Diffusion Coefficients in Polymers ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019, 11(18): 16872-16880. The lack of cost-effective systems for the assessment of air pollutants is a concern for health and safety in urban and industrial areas. The use of polymer thin films as label-free colorimetric sensors featuring specific interactions with pollutants would then represent a paradigm shift in environmental monitoring and packaging technologies, allowing to assess air quality, formation of byproducts in closed environment, and the barrier properties of the polymers. To this end, all-polymer distributed Bragg reflectors represent a promising approach toward a reliable and cost-effective transduction of chemical stimuli and effective colorimetric label-free selective detectors. We show selectivity attained by specific interactions between the polymer and analytes. Such interactions drive the analyte intercalation through the polymer structure and its kinetics, converting it in a dynamic optical response which is at the basis of the Flory-Huggins photonic sensors. The multivariate analyses of the response kinetics also allow distinguishing binary mixtures. Additionally, we demonstrate that such optical responses can be used to esteem the diffusion coefficients of small molecules within polymer media via simple UV-vis spectroscopy retrieving data comparable to those obtained with state-of-the-art gravimetric procedures. Last, we assess the figures of merit of the sensors in terms of lower detection limit, sensitivity, and reversibility, demonstrating that such devices can pave the way to an innovative, simple, and low-cost detection method integrable to in situ assessment of barrier polymers used for the encapsulation of optoelectronic devices, food packaging, and goods storage in general.
[790] Flory-Huggins 光子传感器用于聚合物中分子扩散系数的光学评估 ACS 应用材料与界面，2019，11（18）：16872-16880。缺乏经济高效的空气污染物评估系统是城市和工业区域健康与安全的担忧。使用聚合物薄膜作为无标记比色传感器，与污染物具有特定相互作用，将代表环境监测和包装技术的范式转变，允许评估空气质量、封闭环境中的副产物形成以及聚合物的阻隔性能。为此，全聚合物分布式布拉格反射器代表了一种可靠且经济高效的化学刺激和有效比色无标记选择性检测器的方法。我们展示了聚合物与分析物之间特定相互作用所达到的选择性。这种相互作用通过聚合物结构和其动力学驱动分析物嵌入，将其转化为基于 Flory-Huggins 光子传感器的基础动态光学响应。 多元分析响应动力学还可以区分二元混合物。此外，我们证明这种光学响应可用于通过简单的紫外-可见光谱来估计聚合物介质中小分子扩散系数，获得的数据与使用最先进的质量测量方法获得的数据相当。最后，我们评估了传感器的性能指标，包括检测限、灵敏度和可逆性，证明了这些设备可以为创新、简单且低成本的检测方法铺平道路，该方法可集成到用于封装光电子设备、食品包装和一般货物储存的屏障聚合物的原位评估中。

[791] How Protonation Modulates the Interaction between Proteins and Ph-Responsive Hydrogel Films Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 2019, 41: 27-39. Hydrogels of pH-responsive polymers are promising candidates for the design of functional biomaterials. In this context, understanding the complexity of the interaction between these materials and proteins is essential. A recently developed molecular-level equilibrium theory for protein adsorption on hydrogels of cross-linked polyacid chains allows for modeling size, shape, charge distribution, protonation state and conformational degrees of freedom of all chemical species in the system; proteins are described using a coarse-grained model of their crystallographic structure. This review summarizes our recent studies, which have focused on understanding how the interaction between proteins and pH-responsive hydrogel films depends on the pH and salt concentration, both in single protein solutions and mixtures. In particular, we discuss the key role that protonation plays in mediating the polymer-protein electrostatic attractions that drive adsorption. Deprotonation of the polyacid network modifies the nano-environment inside the hydrogel; the local pH drops inside the film. In single protein solutions, protonation of amino acid residues in this lower-pH environment favors adsorption to the hydrogel. Upon adsorption, the net charge of the protein can be several units more positive than in the solution. The various amino acids protonate differently, in a non-trivial way, which gives flexibility to the protein to enhance its positive charge and favor adsorption under a wide range of conditions. In binary and ternary protein solutions, amino acid protonation is the decisive factor for selective adsorption under certain conditions. We show that the polymer network composition and the solution pH can be used to separate and localize proteins within nanometer-sized regions.
[791] 质子化如何调节蛋白质与 pH 响应性水凝胶薄膜之间的相互作用 当前观点：胶体与界面科学，2019，41：27-39。pH 响应性聚合物水凝胶是设计功能生物材料的理想候选者。在此背景下，了解这些材料与蛋白质之间相互作用的复杂性至关重要。一种最近开发的针对交联聚酸链水凝胶上蛋白质吸附的分子级平衡理论，允许对系统中所有化学物种的尺寸、形状、电荷分布、质子化状态和构象自由度进行建模；蛋白质使用其晶体结构的大粒度模型进行描述。本综述总结了我们的近期研究，这些研究主要集中在理解蛋白质与 pH 响应性水凝胶薄膜之间的相互作用如何依赖于 pH 和盐浓度，无论是在单蛋白溶液还是在混合物中。特别是，我们讨论了质子在调节驱动吸附的聚合物-蛋白质静电吸引力中的关键作用。 聚酸网络去质子化会改变水凝胶内部的纳米环境；薄膜内部的局部 pH 值下降。在单一蛋白质溶液中，该低 pH 环境下氨基酸残基的质子化有利于其吸附到水凝胶上。吸附后，蛋白质的净电荷可以比溶液中高几个单位。不同的氨基酸以非平凡的方式质子化，这使蛋白质具有灵活性，以增强其正电荷并有利于在广泛条件下吸附。在二元和三元蛋白质溶液中，氨基酸的质子化是某些条件下选择性吸附的决定性因素。我们表明，聚合物网络组成和溶液 pH 值可用于在纳米级区域内分离和定位蛋白质。

[792] Bio-Inspired Plasmonic Photocatalysts Small Methods, 2019, 3(3). The conversion of solar energy to sustainable energy sources is a significant field of study for the relief of the world's energy problems, and among the various strategies developed, semiconductor photocatalysts have received significant attention as a promising candidate due to their attractive efficiency, mild reaction conditions, and low cost. The enhancement of such photocatalysts with plasmonic materials, by virtue of the Schottky junction and localized surface plasma resonance phenomenon, could facilitateI the rapid progress in enhancement of photocatalytic efficiency under visible light irradiation. To further improve photocatalytic efficiency, scientists look to nature for inspiration, culminating in the evolution of complex hierarchical structures in order to fully utilize the potential of solar energy. In the past decade, there has been significant progress in the development of bio-inspired plasmonic photocatalysts, such as antireflective surfaces, 3D photonic structures, and branched structures. This review describes the state-of-the-art bio-inspired light manipulation approaches, as well as future challenges in solar energy harvesting by plasmonic photocatalysts.
[792] 生物启发等离子体光催化小方法，2019，3(3)。将太阳能转化为可持续能源是缓解世界能源问题的重要研究领域，在各种开发策略中，半导体光催化剂因其优异的效率、温和的反应条件和低成本而受到广泛关注。通过肖特基结和局域表面等离子体共振现象，利用等离子体材料增强此类光催化剂，可以促进在可见光照射下提高光催化效率的快速进展。为了进一步提高光催化效率，科学家们从自然界中寻求灵感，最终演化为复杂的多级结构，以充分利用太阳能的潜力。在过去十年中，生物启发等离子体光催化剂的开发取得了显著进展，例如抗反射表面、三维光子结构和分支结构。 本综述介绍了最先进的生物启发光操控方法，以及等离子体光催化在太阳能收集方面面临的未来挑战。

[793] Novel Robust Ion-Specific Responsive Photonic Hydrogel Elastomers Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2019, 7(29): 8946-8953. Embedded photonic crystal hydrogels and responsive photonic crystal microspheres that can change structural color as a result of external stimuli have shown great potential for various applications, but their practical applications have been greatly limited due to the poor mechanical properties of hydrogel materials and their sometimes unideal optical properties. Although some progress has been achieved, it is still a challenge to develop photonic crystal hydrogel materials with the desired mechanical properties and structural color. Inspired by the excellent mechanical properties of polyurethane, this article presents a novel smart composite material, which combines nonionic UV-curable polyurethane and cross-linked polystyrene-co-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PS-co-PNIPAM) microspheres for the first time. This photonic hydrogel demonstrates the desired optical properties and a narrow reflection peak half-width, while the tensile strength of the cured elastomers changes between 0.1 MPa and 0.43 MPa when the swelling ratio is changed; this multifunctional material can recover from deformation to its original size quickly. As proof-of-concept, SCN- was selected as a target analyte. A hydrogel sensor enables the detection of SCN- ions quantitatively and selectively in water through the ion-specific deswelling behavior of hydrogels (the Hofmeister series principle) and corresponding changes in the wavelength of the diffraction peak; the limit of detection is 5 mu M. Our strategy is a straightforward way to design simple smart materials whose response and mechanical properties can be tuned through the judicious choice of the hydrophilic group type and content, extending the potential application of photonic hydrogels.
[793] 新型鲁棒性离子响应光子水凝胶弹性体 材料化学 C 杂志，2019，7(29)：8946-8953。能够在外部刺激下改变结构色的嵌入式光子晶体水凝胶和响应性光子晶体微球在多种应用中显示出巨大潜力，但由于水凝胶材料的力学性能较差以及有时光学性能不理想，它们的实际应用受到了很大限制。尽管取得了一些进展，但开发具有所需力学性能和结构色的光子晶体水凝胶材料仍然是一个挑战。受聚氨酯优异力学性能的启发，本文首次提出了一种新型智能复合材料，该材料结合了非离子紫外光固化聚氨酯和交联苯乙烯-聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)（PS-co-PNIPAM）微球。 这种光子水凝胶表现出所需的光学特性和窄反射峰半宽，而固化弹性体的拉伸强度在改变吸水率时介于 0.1 MPa 和 0.43 MPa 之间；这种多功能材料可以从变形快速恢复到原始尺寸。作为概念验证，SCN-被选为目标分析物。水凝胶传感器能够通过水凝胶的离子特异性收缩行为（霍夫迈斯特系列原理）和衍射峰波长的相应变化，在水中定量和选择性地检测 SCN-离子；检测限为 5 微摩尔。我们的策略是一种简单直接的设计简单智能材料的方法，其响应和机械性能可以通过明智地选择亲水基团类型和含量来调节，从而扩展光子水凝胶的潜在应用。

[794] Interactions between Acyclic Cb[ ]-Type Receptors and Nitrated Explosive Materials Chemical Communications, 2019, 55(71): 10635-10638. The binding ability of acyclic CB[n]-type receptors M1, M2 and macrocyclic CB[7] toward explosive materials was investigated. Acyclic M2 demonstrates an overall better binding and solubilizing ability, and lower fluorescence in the presence of aromatic explosive compounds, suggesting its future application for the detection of harmful explosive materials.
[794] 非环状 Cb[ ]-型受体与硝化炸药材料之间的相互作用 化学通讯，2019，55(71)：10635-10638。研究了非环状 CB[n]-型受体 M1、M2 和宏环状 CB[7]对炸药材料的结合能力。非环状 M2 表现出更好的结合和溶解能力，在芳香族炸药化合物存在下荧光较低，表明其未来在有害炸药材料检测中的应用前景。

[795] Polyacrylamide Hydrogels. Ii. Elastic Dissipater Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2019, 133. A rubber band is an elastic dissipater. It has narrow hysteresis on load and unload, but dissipates all its elastic energy on snap. We hypothesize that the dissipation of elastic energy can be a potent toughening mechanism. A polyacrylamide hydrogel has narrow hysteresis, but appreciable toughness, providing an ideal candidate to test the hypothesis of elastic dissipater. We peel the polyacrylamide hydrogel of various thicknesses, and record the steady peel forces. A transition thickness exists, below which the steady peel force increases linearly with thickness, and above which the steady peel force is independent of thickness. The transition thickness is comparable to the fractocohesive length, defined by the ratio of toughness over the work of fracture, and is similar to 1 mm for the polyacrylamide hydrogel. The linear slope is comparable to the work of fracture. The linear extrapolation of the steady peel force to vanishing thickness defines the peel threshold, and the thickness-independent steady peel force defines the toughness. The former is much below the latter. We interpret these experimental findings in terms of elastic dissipater. A crack not only cuts a layer of polymer chains, but also breaks some polymer chains in a zone of thickness comparable to the fractocohesive length. Even though only a small fraction of the chains in the zone rupture, all the elastic energy stored in this zone dissipates and contributes to toughness. The entire zone acts as an elastic dissipater, not just a layer of individual polymer chains. We discuss the importance of the elastic dissipater in creating materials of high toughness, high threshold, and low hysteresis. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶。II. 弹性耗散者，固体力学与物理杂志，2019，133。橡皮筋是一种弹性耗散者。它在加载和卸载时具有狭窄的滞后，但在瞬间释放时耗散其所有弹性能量。我们假设弹性能量的耗散可以是一种有效的增韧机制。聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶具有狭窄的滞后，但具有显著的韧性，是测试弹性耗散者假设的理想候选者。我们剥离了不同厚度的聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶，并记录了稳定的剥离力。存在一个过渡厚度，在此厚度以下，稳定的剥离力随厚度的增加而线性增加，在此厚度以上，稳定的剥离力与厚度无关。过渡厚度与断裂粘附长度相当，定义为韧性对断裂功的比率，对于聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶，其值约为 1 毫米。线性斜率与断裂功相当。将稳定的剥离力线性外推至消失厚度定义了剥离阈值，而厚度无关的稳定剥离力定义了韧性。 前者远低于后者。我们将这些实验结果解释为弹性耗散体。裂纹不仅切割了一层聚合物链，还断裂了厚度与断裂粘合长度相当的区域内的一些聚合物链。尽管只有区域内一小部分链断裂，但这个区域储存的所有弹性能量都耗散了，并有助于韧性。整个区域都充当弹性耗散体，而不仅仅是单个聚合物链的一层。我们讨论了弹性耗散体在制造高韧性、高阈值和低滞后材料中的重要性。（C）2019 Elsevier Ltd. 版权所有。

[796] Multiresponsive Elastic Colloidal Crystals for Reversible Structural Color Patterns Advanced Functional Materials, 2019, 29(39). Multiresponsive elastic poly(methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate) (P(MMA-BA)) copolymer nanoparticles with controlled sizes are fabricated through a one-step method, which further serve as building blocks for the construction of multiresponsive films via self-assembly. Taking advantage of the relatively low glass transition temperature and the core-shell structure of the copolymer nanoparticles, they possess the capacity to partially deform and fuse at room temperature under dry status, eventually resulting in the enhancement of the mechanical properties as well as the control of optical properties in the assembled ordered structures. The generated elastic films not only can control the concealment or exhibition of the designed color information, but also can rapidly respond to external stimuli such as the solvent, pH, and tensile force in a reversible fashion. These functional elastic copolymer nanoparticles have potential applications in dynamic color display, optical sensing, and anticounterfeiting.
[796] 多响应弹性胶体晶体用于可逆结构色图案《先进功能材料》，2019，29(39)。通过一步法制备了具有可控尺寸的多响应弹性聚（甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁基丙烯酸酯）（P(MMA-BA)）共聚物纳米颗粒，这些颗粒进一步作为通过自组装构建多响应薄膜的构建块。利用共聚物纳米颗粒相对较低的玻璃化转变温度和核壳结构，它们在室温干燥状态下能够部分变形和融合，最终导致组装有序结构中机械性能的增强以及光学性能的控制。生成的弹性薄膜不仅能够控制设计颜色信息的隐藏或展示，而且能够以可逆方式快速响应外部刺激，如溶剂、pH 值和拉伸力。这些功能性弹性共聚物纳米颗粒在动态颜色显示、光学传感和防伪方面具有潜在应用。

[797] Stimuli-Responsive Optical Nanomaterials Advanced Materials, 2019, 31(15): e1807061. Responsive optical nanomaterials that can sense and translate various external stimuli into optical signals, in the forms of observable changes in appearance and variations in spectral line shapes, are among the most active research topics in nanooptics. They are intensively exploited within the regimes of the four classic optical phenomenadiffraction in photonic crystals, absorption of plasmonic nanostructures, as well as color-switching systems, refraction of assembled birefringent nanostructures, and emission of photoluminescent nanomaterials and molecules. Herein, a comprehensive review of these research activities regarding the fundamental principles and practical strategies is provided. Starting with an overview of their substantial developments during the latest three decades, each subtopic discussion is led with fundamental theories that delineate the correlation between nanostructures and optical properties and the delicate research strategies are elaborated with specific attention focused on working principles and optical performances. The unique advantages and inherent limitations of each responsive optical nanoscale platform are summarized, accompanied by empirical criteria that should be met and perspectives on research opportunities where the developments of next-generation responsive optical nanomaterials might be directed.
[797] 响应性光纳米材料 高分子材料科学，2019，31(15)：e1807061。能够感知并将各种外部刺激转化为光学信号（以外观变化和光谱线形状变化的形式）的响应性光纳米材料，是纳米光学中最活跃的研究课题之一。它们在四个经典光学现象的范围内被广泛利用，包括光子晶体中的衍射、等离子体纳米结构的吸收、颜色切换系统、组装双折射纳米结构的折射以及光致发光纳米材料和分子的发射。在此，提供对这些研究活动的全面综述，涉及基本原理和实践策略。从对最近三十年内这些研究活动的重大发展的概述开始，每个子主题的讨论都由阐明纳米结构与光学性能之间关系的根本理论引导，并通过具体关注工作原理和光学性能来详细阐述精细的研究策略。 每种响应性光纳米平台独特的优势和固有局限性被总结，同时伴随着应满足的经验性标准以及关于下一代响应性光纳米材料发展可能方向的科研机遇。

[798] Fabrication of Ag–Zno@ Carboxymethyl Cellulose/K-Carrageenan/Graphene Oxide/Konjac Glucomannan Hydrogel for Effective Wound Dressing in Nursing Care for Diabetic Foot Ulcers Applied Nanoscience, 2019, 10(3): 729-738.
[798] 用于糖尿病足溃疡护理中有效敷料的 Ag–Zno@羧甲基纤维素/K-角叉菜胶/氧化石墨烯/魔芋甘露聚糖水凝胶的制备，应用纳米科学，2019，10(3)：729-738。

[799] A Fast Method for Preparing a Large Diameter, Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Infrared Stealth Material Optik, 2019, 180: 894-899. With the development of infrared detection technology, the threat of infrared detection technology to military targets in the battlefield is becoming more and more serious. Novel infrared stealth materials are in urgent demand. Photonic crystals are promising infrared stealth materials because they can prohibit the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a certain frequency range. This paper outlines a simple and fast method to fabricate three-dimensional photonic crystals for stealth material. Monodisperse polystyrene colloid microspheres with a particle size of 2 mu m were prepared and used in a gas-liquid interface self-assembly to form a three-dimensional photonic crystal infrared stealth material. The infrared absorption peak wavelengths of the material were 3.30 mu m and 3.42 mu m. The band gap is in good agreement with the photon forbidden band (3.24-3.44 mu m) obtained from simulation and calculation using Rsoft software. The material meets the requirements of an infrared stealth material and realizes the modulation of the infrared radiation characteristics of the detectable band of 3-5 mu m. The process provides a simple, economical, fast, and efficient new method for the preparation of large diameter, three-dimensional photonic crystal infrared stealth materials.
[799] 一种制备大直径三维光子晶体红外隐身材料的高速方法 光学，2019，180：894-899。随着红外探测技术的发展，红外探测技术对战场军事目标的威胁越来越严重。新型红外隐身材料的需求迫切。光子晶体是具有潜力的红外隐身材料，因为它们可以禁止一定频率范围内的电磁波传播。本文概述了一种简单快速制备用于隐身材料的三维光子晶体的方法。制备了粒径为 2 微米的单分散聚苯乙烯胶体微球，并用于气液界面自组装形成三维光子晶体红外隐身材料。该材料的红外吸收峰波长为 3.30 微米和 3.42 微米。带隙与使用 Rsoft 软件进行模拟和计算得到的禁带（3.24-3.44 微米）相吻合。 该材料符合红外隐身材料的要求，并实现了 3-5 微米探测波段红外辐射特性的调制。该工艺提供了一种简单、经济、快速、高效的大直径三维光子晶体红外隐身材料制备新方法。

[800] Recent Advances of Self-Assembling Peptide-Based Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications Soft Matter, 2019, 15(8): 1704-1715. Peptide-based hydrogels have been proven to be preeminent biomedical materials due to their high water content, tunable mechanical stability, great biocompatibility and excellent injectability. The ability of peptide-based hydrogels to provide extracellular matrix-mimicking environments opens up opportunities for their biomedical applications in fields such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, and wound healing. In this review, we first describe several methods commonly used for the fabrication of robust peptide-based hydrogels, including spontaneous hydrogelation, enzyme-controlled hydrogelation and cross-linking-enhanced hydrogelation. We then introduce some representative studies on their applications in drug delivery and antitumor therapy, antimicrobial and wound healing materials, and 3D bioprinting and tissue engineering. We hope that this review facilitates the advances of hydrogels in biomedical applications.
基于自组装肽水凝胶在生物医药应用中的最新进展 软物质，2019，15(8)：1704-1715。基于肽的水凝胶因其高含水量、可调机械稳定性、优异的生物相容性和良好的注射性而被证明是卓越的生物医学材料。基于肽的水凝胶提供类似细胞外基质环境的特性，为它们在药物递送、组织工程和伤口愈合等领域的生物医学应用开辟了机会。在本综述中，我们首先描述了几种常用的稳健型基于肽水凝胶的制备方法，包括自发型水凝胶化、酶控制型水凝胶化和交联增强型水凝胶化。然后，我们介绍了一些关于其在药物递送和抗肿瘤治疗、抗菌和伤口愈合材料以及 3D 生物打印和组织工程中的应用的代表性研究。我们希望这篇综述能促进水凝胶在生物医学应用中的进展。

[801] Influence of Microstructure on the Dynamic Behavior of a Polyurethane Foam with the Material Point Method Materialia, 2019, 5. Polymer foams have many industrial applications because of their good mechanical properties combined with low material density. However, their study and the prediction of their behavior is challenging due to the massive influence of their complex microstructure. This paper focused on a polyurethane foam containing 70 vol% of porosity and aims at determining its behavior when submitted to large deformations under dynamic compressive loads. A model based on the material point method was set to study the whole stress-strain relationship of representative realistic foam sample, obtained from CT-scans. The dynamic model was validated to compression results from Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar experiments allowing the study of a shock due to a container fall. Direct influence of the microstructure was then evaluated. We first added virtual realistic manufacturing defects on the geometry and then studied the foam behavior of fully computer-designed microstructures. Recent developments in additive fabrication make the manufacturing of such structures possible and would widen the possibilities of virtually optimizing material designs.
[801] 材料点法对聚氨酯泡沫动态行为的影响：微观结构对聚氨酯泡沫动态行为的影响，材料，2019，5。聚合物泡沫由于其良好的机械性能和低密度，在工业应用中具有广泛用途。然而，由于其复杂微观结构的巨大影响，对其研究和行为预测具有挑战性。本文聚焦于含有 70 体积百分比的孔隙率的聚氨酯泡沫，旨在确定其在动态压缩载荷下承受大变形时的行为。建立了一个基于材料点法的模型，以研究从 CT 扫描获得的代表性真实泡沫样品的整个应力-应变关系。该动态模型通过验证从分裂霍普金森压力试验得到的压缩结果，允许研究容器坠落引起的冲击。随后评估了微观结构的直接影响。我们首先在几何形状上添加了虚拟真实制造缺陷，然后研究了完全计算机设计的微观结构的泡沫行为。 近年来，增材制造技术的最新进展使得此类结构的制造成为可能，并将拓宽虚拟优化材料设计的选择范围。

[802] A Highly Transparent and Ultra-Stretchable Conductor with Stable Conductivity During Large Deformation Nature Communications, 2019, 10(1): 3429. Intrinsically stretchable conductors have undergone rapid development in the past few years and a variety of strategies have been established to improve their electro-mechanical properties. However, ranging from electronically to ionically conductive materials, they are usually vulnerable either to large deformation or at high/low temperatures, mainly due to the fact that conductive domains are generally incompatible with neighboring elastic networks. This is a problem that is usually overlooked and remains challenging to address. Here, we introduce synergistic effect between conductive zwitterionic nanochannels and dynamic hydrogen-bonding networks to break the limitations. The conductor is highly transparent (>90% transmittance), ultra-stretchable (>10,000% strain), high-modulus (>2 MPa Young's modulus), self-healing, and capable of maintaining stable conductivity during large deformation and at different temperatures. Transparent integrated systems are further demonstrated via 3D printing of its precursor and could achieve diverse sensory capabilities towards strain, temperature, humidity, etc., and even recognition of different liquids.
一种在大变形过程中具有稳定导电性的高度透明和超可拉伸导体，自然通讯，2019，10（1）：3429。本质上可拉伸的导体在过去几年中得到了快速发展，并已建立各种策略来提高其电机械性能。然而，从电子导电材料到离子导电材料，它们通常对大变形或高温/低温敏感，这主要是因为导电域通常与相邻的弹性网络不兼容。这是一个通常被忽视且难以解决的问题。在这里，我们引入了导电两性离子纳米通道与动态氢键网络的协同效应，以打破这些限制。该导体具有高度透明性（>90%透射率）、超可拉伸性（>10,000%应变）、高模量（>2 MPa 杨氏模量）、自修复，能够在大变形和不同温度下保持稳定的导电性。 透明集成系统通过其前体的 3D 打印进一步展示，能够实现针对应变、温度、湿度等的多重感官能力，甚至能够识别不同的液体。

[803] Structural Coloration with Nonclose-Packed Array of Bidisperse Colloidal Particles Small, 2019, 15(5): e1804548. Colloidal crystals and glasses have their own photonic effects. Colloidal crystals show high reflectivity at narrowband, whereas colloidal glasses show low reflectivity at broadband. To compromise the opposite optical properties, a simple means is suggested to control the colloidal arrangement between crystal and glass by employing two different sizes of silica particles with repulsive interparticle potential. Monodisperse silica particles with repulsive potential spontaneously form crystalline structure at volume fraction far below 0.74. When two different sizes of silica particles coexist, the arrangement of silica particles is significantly influenced by two parameters: size contrast and mixing ratio. When the size contrast is small, a long-range order is partially conserved in the entire mixing ratio, resulting in a pronounced reflectance peak and brilliant structural color. When the size contrast is large, the long-range order is rapidly reduced along with mixing ratio. Nevertheless, a short-range order survives, which causes low reflectivity at a broad wavelength, developing faint structural colors. These findings offer an insight into controlling the colloidal arrangements and provide a simple way to tune the optical property of colloidal arrays for structural coloration.
[803] 非密堆积双分散胶体粒子结构色，Small，2019，15(5)：e1804548。胶体晶体和玻璃具有各自的光子效应。胶体晶体在窄带范围内表现出高反射率，而胶体玻璃在宽带范围内表现出低反射率。为了折衷这两种相反的光学特性，提出了一种简单的方法，通过使用具有排斥相互作用势的两种不同大小的二氧化硅粒子来控制晶体和玻璃之间的胶体排列。具有排斥势的单分散二氧化硅粒子在体积分数远低于 0.74 时自发形成晶体结构。当两种不同大小的二氧化硅粒子共存时，二氧化硅粒子的排列受到两个参数的显著影响：尺寸对比度和混合比。当尺寸对比度较小时，在整个混合比中部分长程有序得以保留，导致明显的反射峰和鲜艳的结构色。当尺寸对比度较大时，随着混合比的增加，长程有序迅速降低。 尽管如此，短程有序结构仍然存在，导致在宽波长范围内反射率低，形成微弱的色彩结构。这些发现为控制胶体排列提供了见解，并为调节胶体阵列的光学性质以实现结构色提供了一种简单方法。

[804] Colloidal Photonic Inks for Mechanochromic Films and Patterns with Structural Colors of High Saturation Chemistry of Materials, 2019, 31(19): 8154-8162. Colloidal arrays show structural colors through wavelength-selective diffraction. The structural colors are dynamically tunable with mechanical deformation for a non-close-packed colloidal array embedded in an elastic matrix. However, such compositions usually render photonic materials transparent and structural color low saturated. In this work, we formulate colloidal inks to produce mechanochromic films and patterns that show consistent structural colors with high saturation. The inks are composed of a high-volume fraction of silica particles and a low fraction of polydopamine nanoparticles dispersed in an elastomer-forming resin. The silica particles have repulsive interparticle potential and form a non-close-packed array, whereas polydopamine nanoparticles are positioned in the interstitial areas. The colloidal arrays are captured in the elastomer by photopolymerization of the resin. As polydopamine nanoparticles reduce incoherent scattering and make the materials opaque, the structural color arisen from the colloidal array is pronounced and independent of the background. Moreover, the photonic materials show a dynamic and reversible change of structural color according to deformation. For large strains, the photonic effect is overwhelmed by absorption of polydopamine nanoparticles, rendering the materials dark brown. This unique mechanochromic property is used to make patterns that are reversibly color-tunable and hidable, which are appealing for user-interactive anti-counterfeiting and active camouflage.
[804] 用于具有高饱和度化学结构色的机械色变薄膜和图案的胶体光子墨水，2019，31(19)：8154-8162。胶体阵列通过波长选择性的衍射显示出结构色。结构色可以通过机械变形动态调节，用于嵌入弹性基质的非紧密堆积胶体阵列。然而，此类组成通常使光子材料透明且结构色饱和度低。在本工作中，我们配制了胶体墨水以生产显示出一致结构色和高饱和度的机械色变薄膜和图案。墨水由高体积分数的二氧化硅颗粒和低体积分数的分散在弹性树脂中的多巴胺纳米颗粒组成。二氧化硅颗粒具有排斥的颗粒间势能，形成非紧密堆积阵列，而多巴胺纳米颗粒位于间隙区域。胶体阵列通过树脂的光聚合被捕获在弹性体中。 多巴胺纳米颗粒减少非相干散射并使材料变得不透明，从而使得从胶体阵列产生的结构色更加明显且与背景无关。此外，光子材料根据形变表现出动态且可逆的结构色变化。对于大应变，光子效应被多巴胺纳米颗粒的吸收所掩盖，使材料呈现深棕色。这种独特的机械变色特性被用于制作可逆调色和隐藏的图案，这对于用户交互式防伪和主动伪装具有吸引力。

[805] Elastic Photonic Microbeads as Building Blocks for Mechanochromic Materials ACS Applied Polymer Materials, 2019, 2(2): 706-714.
[805] 弹性光子微球作为机械变色材料构建块 ACS 应用聚合物材料，2019，2(2)：706-714。

[806] 3d Bioprinting of Collagen to Rebuild Components of the Human Heart Science, 2019, 365(6452): 482-+. Collagen is the primary component of the extracellular matrix in the human body. It has proved challenging to fabricate collagen scaffolds capable of replicating the structure and function of tissues and organs. We present a method to 3D-bioprint collagen using freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels (FRESH) to engineer components of the human heart at various scales, from capillaries to the full organ. Control of pH-driven gelation provides 20-micrometer filament resolution, a porous microstructure that enables rapid cellular infiltration and microvascularization, and mechanical strength for fabrication and perfusion of multiscale vasculature and tri-leaflet valves. We found that FRESH 3D-bioprinted hearts accurately reproduce patient-specific anatomical structure as determined by micro-computed tomography. Cardiac ventricles printed with human cardiomyocytes showed synchronized contractions, directional action potential propagation, and wall thickening up to 14% during peak systole.
[806] 3D 生物打印胶原蛋白以重建人体心脏组件 科学，2019，365(6452)：482-+. 胶原蛋白是人体细胞外基质的主要成分。制造能够复制组织和器官结构和功能的胶原蛋白支架一直具有挑战性。我们提出了一种使用自由形状可逆嵌入悬浮水凝胶（FRESH）3D 生物打印胶原蛋白的方法，以在各个尺度上构建人体心脏组件，从毛细血管到完整器官。pH 驱动的凝胶化控制提供了 20 微米丝状分辨率，一种多孔微结构，能够实现快速细胞浸润和微血管化，以及用于制造和灌注多尺度血管和三瓣叶瓣的机械强度。我们发现，FRESH 3D 生物打印的心脏能够准确复制由微计算机断层扫描确定的特定患者解剖结构。打印有人类心肌细胞的心脏室在峰值收缩期间表现出同步收缩、方向性动作电位传播和壁增厚高达 14%。

[807] Clinical Evaluation of a Photonic Crystal Sensor for Glucose Monitoring in Urine Chemistryselect, 2019, 4(21): 6547-6551. Self-monitoring of blood glucose is not only an effective method to treat diabetes, but also a painful invasive process to patients. To develop a noninvasive technique, we evaluated the clinical performance of a polymerized crystalline colloidal array (PCCA) sensor for glucose monitoring in urine. A two-dimensional crystalline colloidal array (CCA) was assembled using polystyrene particles and further embedded into 3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid functionalized hydrogel. 101 urine samples were tested, and the glucose concentrations was calculated by the particle spacing of PCCA. All the urine samples were also analyzed by automated urine analyzers. Pearson correlation and linear regression analyses showed a linear relationship between the PCCA results with a range of 0.4-53.3 mmol L-1 and the Cobas (R) 8000 references (r=0.914; [PCCA]=0.9281 [HK] + 2.0585 mmol L-1). Cohen's kappa (kappa) statistic with 0.65 (sig < 0.05) showed the PCCA results had moderate agreement with references. Also, Bland-Altman plot showed that AX-4030 sensor's systematic error was higher than PCCA sensor (mean=7.4813 > 0.5271 mmol L-1). The PCCA urine glucose biosensor has the advantages of fast fabrication, low cost, easy operation and high sensitivity, which provides a promising technique for noninvasive point-of-care glucose monitoring.
临床评估用于尿液化学检测的光子晶体葡萄糖传感器，2019，4(21): 6547-6551。血糖自我监测不仅是治疗糖尿病的有效方法，而且对患者来说是一个痛苦且侵入性的过程。为了开发一种非侵入性技术，我们评估了聚合物结晶胶体阵列（PCCA）传感器在尿液葡萄糖监测中的临床性能。使用聚苯乙烯颗粒组装了二维结晶胶体阵列（CCA），并将其进一步嵌入到 3-丙烯酰胺苯硼酸功能化水凝胶中。测试了 101 份尿液样本，通过 PCCA 的颗粒间距计算葡萄糖浓度。所有尿液样本也通过自动尿液分析仪进行分析。皮尔逊相关分析和线性回归分析显示，PCCA 结果与 Cobas（R）8000 参考值之间存在线性关系，范围为 0.4-53.3 mmol L-1（r=0.914；[PCCA]=0.9281 [HK] + 2.0585 mmol L-1）。Cohen's kappa（kappa）统计量为 0.65（sig < 0.05），表明 PCCA 结果与参考值有中度一致性。 此外，Bland-Altman 图显示，AX-4030 传感器的系统误差高于 PCCA 传感器（均值=7.4813 > 0.5271 mmol L-1）。PCCA 尿液葡萄糖生物传感器具有快速制造、低成本、操作简便和高灵敏度的优点，为非侵入性即时护理葡萄糖监测提供了一种有前景的技术。

[808] Recent Advances in the Use of Algal Polysaccharides for Skin Wound Healing Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2019, 25(11): 1236-1248. Background: Chronic skin wounds and pressure ulcers represent major health care problems in diabetic individuals, as well as patients who suffered a spinal cord injury. Current treatment methods are only partially effective and such wounds exhibit a high recurrence rate. Open wounds are at high risk of invasive wound infections, which can lead to amputation and further disability. An interdisciplinary approach is needed to develop new and more effective therapies. Methods: The purpose of this work is to review recent studies focusing on the use of algal polysaccharides in commercially available as well as experimental wound dressings. Studies that discuss wound dressings based on algal polysaccharides, some of which also contain growth factors and even living cells, were identified and included in this review. Results and Conclusion: Algal polysaccharides possess mechanical and physical properties, along with excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability that make them suitable for a variety of applications as wound dressings. Furthermore, algal polysaccharides have been used for a dual purpose, namely as wound covering, but also as a vehicle for drug delivery to the wound site.
[808] 海藻多糖在皮肤伤口愈合中的应用最新进展 当前药物设计，2019，25(11)：1236-1248。背景：慢性皮肤伤口和压疮是糖尿病患者以及脊髓损伤患者的重大医疗问题。目前的治疗方法仅部分有效，此类伤口具有较高的复发率。开放性伤口易发生侵入性伤口感染，可能导致截肢和进一步残疾。需要跨学科的方法来开发新的更有效的治疗方法。方法：本工作的目的是回顾最近的研究，这些研究集中在使用商业可用以及实验性伤口敷料中的海藻多糖。确定了讨论基于海藻多糖的伤口敷料的研究，其中一些还含有生长因子甚至活细胞，并包括在本综述中。结果和结论：海藻多糖具有机械和物理特性，以及优异的生物相容性和生物降解性，使其适合作为伤口敷料的各种应用。 此外，藻类多糖已被用于双重目的，即作为伤口覆盖物，同时也作为药物递送到伤口部位的载体。

[809] Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering: Cell Sheet Preparation, Harvesting/Manipulation, and Transplantation Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2019, 107(5): 955-967. Cell sheet tissue engineering is a concept for creating transplantable two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) tissues and organs. This review describes three elements of cell sheet tissue engineering in terms of the chemical and physical effects of material surfaces and the interfacial properties of cell sheets: preparation, harvesting/manipulation and transplantation of cell sheets. An essential technology for the preparation of cell sheets is the use of a temperature-responsive cell culture surface, where the surface of tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) dish is modified with thin layer of temperature-responsive polymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm). PIPAAm-immobilized TCPS allows cultured cells to be harvested as a contiguous cell sheet with extracellular matrices (ECMs) by reducing the temperature, while chemical and physical disruption impair ECMs, cell-cell junction, and membrane proteins. Ligand-immobilized and porous hydrophilic PIPAAm-grafted surfaces are able to accelerate cell sheet preparation and harvesting, respectively. In addition, the manipulation of harvested cell sheets with the aid of cell sheet manipulator facilitates the formation of 3D tissues. Cell sheet-based tissues and their transplantation are in seven clinical settings such as heart, cornea, esophagus, periodontal, middle chamber of ear, knee cartilage, and lung. In order to create thick and large 3D tissues and organs, large production of differentiated parenchymal cells from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and vascularization within 3D tissues are key issues. (c) 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 955-967, 2019.
[809] 细胞片组织工程：细胞片制备、收获/操作和移植《生物医学材料研究（A 部分）》2019，107(5)：955-967。细胞片组织工程是一种创建可移植的二维（2D）和三维（3D）组织和器官的概念。本文综述了细胞片组织工程的三个要素，从材料表面的化学和物理效应以及细胞片的界面特性来阐述：细胞片的制备、收获/操作和移植。制备细胞片的关键技术是使用温度响应性细胞培养表面，即在组织培养聚苯乙烯（TCPS）培养皿表面涂覆一层温度响应性聚合物，聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)（PIPAAm）。PIPAAm 固定的 TCPS 允许通过降低温度将培养的细胞收获为连续的细胞片，同时细胞外基质（ECMs）得以保留，而化学和物理破坏会损害 ECMs、细胞间连接和膜蛋白。 配体固定和亲水多孔 PIPAAm 接枝表面能够分别加速细胞片制备和收获。此外，借助细胞片操纵器对收获的细胞片进行操作，有助于 3D 组织的形成。基于细胞片的组织和其移植在心脏、角膜、食道、牙周、耳中腔、膝软骨和肺等七个临床环境中应用。为了创建厚大的 3D 组织和器官，从诱导多能干细胞（iPS 细胞）大量生产分化间充质细胞以及在 3D 组织内进行血管化是关键问题。版权所有（c）2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 955-967, 2019.

[810] A Simple Layer-Stacking Technique to Generate Biomolecular and Mechanical Gradients in Photocrosslinkable Hydrogels Biofabrication, 2019, 11(2). Physicochemical and biological gradients are desirable features for hydrogels to enhance their relevance to biological environments for three-dimensional (3D) cell culture. Therefore, simple and efficient techniques to generate chemical, physical and biological gradients within hydrogels are highly desirable. This work demonstrates a technique to generate biomolecular and mechanical gradients in photocrosslinkable hydrogels by stacking and crosslinking prehydrogel solution in a layer by layer manner. Partial crosslinking of the hydrogel allows mixing of prehydrogel solution with the previous hydrogel layer, which makes a smooth gradient profile, rather than discrete layers. This technique enables the generation of concentration gradients of bovine serum albumin in both gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate hydrogels, as well as mechanical gradients across a hydrogel containing varying gel concentrations. Fluorescence microscopy, mechanical testing, and scanning electron microscopy show that the gradient profiles can be controlled by changing both the volume and concentration of each layer as well as intensity of UV exposure. GelMA hydrogel gradients with different Young's moduli were successfully used to culture human fibroblasts. The fibroblasts migrated along the gradient axis and showed different morphologies. In general, the proposed technique provides a rapid and simple approach to design and fabricate 3D hydrogel gradients for in vitro biological studies and potentially for in vivo tissue engineering applications.
[810] 一种简单层叠技术用于在光交联水凝胶中生成生物分子和机械梯度 生物制造，2019，11(2)。物理化学和生物梯度是水凝胶增强其与生物环境相关性的理想特性，以用于三维（3D）细胞培养。因此，在凝胶内生成化学、物理和生物梯度的简单且高效技术非常受欢迎。本研究展示了一种通过层叠和交联预凝胶溶液以层状方式生成光交联水凝胶中生物分子和机械梯度的技术。部分交联的凝胶允许预凝胶溶液与先前凝胶层混合，从而形成平滑的梯度轮廓，而不是离散的层。该技术能够生成明胶甲基丙烯酸酯（GelMA）和聚（乙二醇）二丙烯酸酯水凝胶中的牛血清白蛋白浓度梯度，以及含有不同凝胶浓度的水凝胶的机械梯度。 荧光显微镜、力学测试和扫描电子显微镜显示，可以通过改变每层的体积和浓度以及紫外照射强度来控制梯度分布。具有不同杨氏模量的 GelMA 水凝胶梯度成功用于培养人成纤维细胞。成纤维细胞沿着梯度轴迁移并表现出不同的形态。总的来说，所提出的技术提供了一种快速简单的方法来设计和制造用于体外生物学研究和可能用于体内组织工程应用的 3D 水凝胶梯度。

[811] Facile Anisotropic Deswelling Method for Realizing Large‐Area Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Elastomers with Uniform Structural Color and Broad‐Range Mechanochromic Response Advanced Functional Materials, 2019, 30(7).
[811] 实现大面积胆甾相液晶弹性体具有均匀结构色和宽范围机械色响应的简便各向异性脱溶剂法，《先进功能材料》，2019，30(7)。

[812] Development of Vocs Gas Sensor with High Sensitivity Using Colorimetric Polymer Nanofiber: A Unique Sensing Method Materials Research Express, 2019, 6(10). A challenge for sensors detecting ultralow amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in form of solvent or gas for reliable sampling and large surface area to volume ratio of sample must be studied. In this study, polydiacetylene (PDA)/Polyurethane (PU) nanofibers web was manufactured using polydiacetylene, which was characterized by colorimetric. The manufactured nanofibers were exposed to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) solvents and gases to examine color changes and to monitor the reaction rate by manufacturing films under the same conditions. When PDA/PU nanofibers were exposed to VOCs solutions and vapors, color alteration was occurred from blue to red, which enabling the VOCs detection. In addition, the colorimetric response (CR) is high in the nonpolar and aprotic solvents, and lower in the lower the polarity of the solvent.. This colorimetric response (CR) is expected to enable qualitative analysis between solvents. Also, it was confirmed that nanofibers have higher sensitivity and faster reaction rate than films due to changes in color of nanofibers and films. The PDA/PU nanofibers developed through this study are expected to be available as colorimetric sensors for VOCs detection through rapid colorimetric response.
[812] 利用比色聚合物纳米纤维开发高灵敏度 Vocs 气体传感器：一种独特的传感方法 材料研究快报，2019，6(10)。检测以溶剂或气体形式存在的超低量挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的传感器，必须研究其可靠的采样和样品的大表面积体积比。在本研究中，使用聚二炔（PDA）/聚氨酯（PU）纳米纤维网，该纳米纤维网具有比色特性。将制造的纳米纤维暴露于挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）溶剂和气体中，以检查颜色变化并监测反应速率，在相同条件下制造薄膜。当 PDA/PU 纳米纤维暴露于 VOCs 溶液和蒸汽中时，颜色从蓝色变为红色，从而实现 VOCs 检测。此外，在非极性和无水溶剂中，比色响应（CR）较高，而在溶剂极性较低时，比色响应（CR）较低。这种比色响应（CR）有望实现溶剂之间的定性分析。 此外，经确认，由于纳米纤维和薄膜的颜色变化，纳米纤维比薄膜具有更高的灵敏度和更快的反应速率。本研究开发出的 PDA/PU 纳米纤维有望作为通过快速比色响应检测挥发性有机化合物的比色传感器使用。

[813] Wearable Biosensors for Healthcare Monitoring Nature Biotechnology, 2019, 37(4): 389-406. Wearable biosensors are garnering substantial interest due to their potential to provide continuous, real-time physiological information via dynamic, noninvasive measurements of biochemical markers in biofluids, such as sweat, tears, saliva and interstitial fluid. Recent developments have focused on electrochemical and optical biosensors, together with advances in the noninvasive monitoring of biomarkers including metabolites, bacteria and hormones. A combination of multiplexed biosensing, microfluidic sampling and transport systems have been integrated, miniaturized and combined with flexible materials for improved wearability and ease of operation. Although wearable biosensors hold promise, a better understanding of the correlations between analyte concentrations in the blood and noninvasive biofluids is needed to improve reliability. An expanded set of on-body bioaffinity assays and more sensing strategies are needed to make more biomarkers accessible to monitoring. Large-cohort validation studies of wearable biosensor performance will be needed to underpin clinical acceptance. Accurate and reliable real-time sensing of physiological information using wearable biosensor technologies would have a broad impact on our daily lives.
可穿戴生物传感器在医疗监测中的应用 自然生物技术，2019，37(4)：389-406。可穿戴生物传感器因其能够通过动态、非侵入性测量生物流体（如汗液、泪液、唾液和间质液）中的生化标志物，提供连续、实时的生理信息而受到广泛关注。近期发展主要集中在电化学和光学生物传感器，以及包括代谢物、细菌和激素在内的生物标志物非侵入性监测技术的进步。多路复用生物传感、微流控采样和传输系统的结合已集成、小型化，并与柔性材料结合，以提高穿戴性和操作简便性。尽管可穿戴生物传感器具有潜力，但仍需更好地理解血液中分析物浓度与非侵入性生物流体之间的相关性，以提高可靠性。需要更广泛的体内生物亲和力检测和更多传感策略，以使更多生物标志物可用于监测。需要开展大样本量验证研究，以支持临床接受度。 使用可穿戴生物传感器技术准确可靠地实时感知生理信息将对我们的日常生活产生广泛影响。

[814] Electroactive Soft Photonic Devices for the Synesthetic Perception of Color and Sound Advanced Materials, 2019, 31(2): 1804080-1804085. Color, as perceived through the eye, transcends mere information in the visible range of electromagnetism and serves as an agent for communication and entertainment. Mechanochromic systems have thus far only aimed at satisfying the sense of vision and have overlooked the possibility of generating acoustic vibrations in concert with their visual color responses that would enable the simultaneous satisfaction of the auditory system. Transcending the boundaries of the two senses (i.e., sound and color), herein a strategy for their concurrent and synesthetic fulfillment is elucidated by electrically actuating an organogel photonic device, controlled by a single input signal. This new class of devices that integrate a color module with a speaker is fabricated from a mechanochromic layer that comprises close-packed photonic lattice with an organogel matrix pervading the void fraction. Exploiting a dielectric elastomer actuator, the system's mechanical response permits the simultaneous, yet independent, exploration of visible-light reflection alongside audible sound-wave generation. Large areal strains at low frequencies of actuation tune the photonic stop-band, whereas the layer remains incompressible and exhibits negligible strain when actuated at higher frequencies (e.g., tens of Hz), thereby making it amenable to modulate sound and color simultaneously yet independently.
[814] 用于色觉和听觉通感的电活性软光子器件，《先进材料》，2019，31(2)：1804080-1804085。通过眼睛感知的颜色超越了电磁波可见范围内的信息，成为沟通和娱乐的媒介。迄今为止，机械色变系统仅旨在满足视觉感知，而忽略了与视觉颜色响应同步产生声学振动的可能性，这将能够同时满足听觉系统。超越两种感官（即声音和颜色）的界限，本文通过电驱动一个由单一输入信号控制的器官凝胶光子器件，阐明了它们同时和通感的实现策略。这种新型设备集成了颜色模块和扬声器，由一个由紧密堆积的光子晶格和充满空隙分数的器官凝胶基质的机械色变层制成。 利用介电弹性体执行器，系统的机械响应允许同时独立地探索可见光反射和可听声波的产生。在低频驱动下，大面积应变调节光子截止带，而层在较高频率（例如几十 Hz）驱动时保持不可压缩，并表现出可忽略的应变，从而使其能够同时独立地调制声音和颜色。

[815] Kenny L Z W. Intelligent Soft Materials for Bio-Based Applications[D]. Republic of Singapore: National University of Singapore (Singapore), 2019: Pages. [816] Interpenetrating Polymer Network and Nanocomposite Ipn of Polyurethane/Epoxy: A Review on Fundamentals and Advancements Polymer-Plastics Technology and Materials, 2019, 58(7): 691-706. This article presents state-of-the-art review on interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) formation by polyurethane/epoxy (PU/EP). PU is thermoplastic polymer with fine mechanical strength, chemical resistance, processability, and thermal stability. EP resins also possess unique chemical and physical properties, though it is rigid and brittle. Amalgamation of two polymers have resulted in improved mechanical, thermal, damping, and glass transition behavior. PU/EP IPN and nanocomposite containing carbon nanotube, graphene oxide, nanodiamond, nanoclay, and various other nanoparticles have been discussed. Commercial implication and future prospects of PU/EP-crosslinked network and nanocomposite IPN are foreseen in high-performance engineering materials, automotive and aerospace, and biomedical devices. [GRAPHICS] .
[815] Kenny L Z W. 用于生物基应用的智能软材料[D]. 新加坡共和国：新加坡国立大学（新加坡），2019：页码。 [816] 聚氨酯/环氧树脂互穿聚合物网络和纳米复合材料 Ipn：关于基础和进展的综述聚合物-塑料技术与材料，2019，58(7)：691-706。本文对聚氨酯/环氧树脂（PU/EP）形成的互穿聚合物网络（IPN）的最新技术进行了综述。PU 是一种具有良好机械强度、化学稳定性、加工性和热稳定性的热塑性聚合物。EP 树脂也具有独特的化学和物理性质，尽管它坚硬且易碎。两种聚合物的混合导致了机械性能、热性能、阻尼性能和玻璃化转变行为的改善。讨论了含有碳纳米管、氧化石墨烯、纳米金刚石、纳米粘土和各种其他纳米粒子的 PU/EP IPN 和纳米复合材料。预计 PU/EP 交联网络和纳米复合材料 IPN 在高性能工程材料、汽车和航空航天以及生物医学设备中的商业影响和未来前景。 [图形]

[817] Mechanochromic Reconfigurable Metasurfaces Advanced Science, 2019, 6(21): 1900974. The change of optical properties that some usually natural compounds or polymeric materials show upon the application of external stress is named mechanochromism. Herein, an artificial nanomechanical metasurface formed by a subwavelength nanowire array made of molybdenum disulfide, molybdenum oxide, and silicon nitride changes color upon mechanical deformation. The aforementioned deformation induces reversible changes in the optical transmission (relative transmission change of 197% at 654 nm), thus demonstrating a giant mechanochromic effect. Moreover, these types of metasurfaces can exist in two nonvolatile states presenting a difference in optical transmission of 45% at 678 nm, when they are forced to bend rapidly. The wide optical tunability that photonic nanomechanical metasurfaces, such as the one presented here, possess by design, can provide a valuable platform for mechanochromic and bistable responses across the visible and near infrared regime and form a new family of smart materials with applications in reconfigurable, multifunctional photonic filters, switches, and stress sensors.
[817] 机械色变可重构超表面 高级科学，2019，6(21)：1900974。某些通常天然化合物或聚合物材料在外力作用下光学性质的变化被称为机械色变。在此，由二硫化钼、氧化钼和氮化硅组成的亚波长纳米线阵列形成的人工纳米机械超表面在机械变形时改变颜色。上述变形引起光学传输的可逆变化（在 654 nm 处的相对传输变化为 197%），从而展示了巨大的机械色变效应。此外，这些类型的超表面可以存在于两种非易失态，当它们被迫快速弯曲时，在 678 nm 处的光学传输差异为 45%。光子纳米机械超表面（如本文中展示的）通过设计具有广泛的光学可调谐性，可以提供一个有价值的平台，用于可见光和近红外范围内的机械色变和双稳态响应，并形成一种新的智能材料家族，可用于可重构、多功能光子滤波器、开关和应力传感器。

[818] Novel Color Standards for Digital Color Analysis of Optochemical Sensor Arrays Talanta, 2019, 197: 638-644. The indicator-based polymeric color standards for color referencing in digital color analysis (DCA) of optical chemical sensors (optodes) are proposed. In the novel standards, the colors referring to the actual absorption bands of the protonated and deprotonated forms of the indicator are mixed in constant proportions. The standards are based on the lipophilic pH-indicators: ETH5350 and ETH2439, commonly used in optodes, and the lipophilic electrolyte TBATBB. The dependence of the standard color on the TBATBB concentration in the optode is established and found to be linear. The standard colors remain unchanged upon varying the solution pH and the nature and the concentration of the electrolyte. Calibration curves of the indicator pH-optodes obtained in horse serum and referenced to the developed standards demonstrate lower error to span ratio, broader span and higher sensitivity as compared to the same data processed with the conventional gray standard. The colorimetric signal of the pH-optodes array measured in serum sample and referenced to the developed standards allowed accurate determination of the sample pH thus demonstrating practical prospects of the proposed color standards.
[818] 新型数字光化学传感器阵列颜色分析颜色标准 Talanta，2019，197：638-644。提出了基于指示剂的聚合物颜色标准，用于数字颜色分析（DCA）中的光学化学传感器（optodes）颜色参考。在新型标准中，指示剂质子化和去质子化形式的实际吸收带颜色按恒定比例混合。这些标准基于在 optodes 中常用的亲脂性 pH 指示剂：ETH5350 和 ETH2439，以及亲脂性电解质 TBATBB。建立了标准颜色与 optode 中 TBATBB 浓度的依赖关系，并发现其为线性关系。标准颜色在改变溶液 pH 值、电解质的性质和浓度时保持不变。在马血清中获得的指示剂 pH-optodes 校准曲线，与开发的标准进行参考，与使用传统灰度标准处理相同数据相比，表现出更低的误差跨度比、更宽的跨度和高灵敏度。 pH-光敏阵列在血清样本中测量的比色信号，以开发的标准为参照，允许准确测定样本 pH，从而证明了所提比色标准的实际应用前景。

[819] A Visually Distinguishable Light Interfering Bioresponsive Silica Nanoparticle Hydrogel Sensor Fabricated through the Molecular Imprinting Technique Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2019, 7(45): 7120-7128. Methods of the early detection of diseases are based on recognition of the smallest change in the levels of a disease-specific biomarker in body fluids. Among them, monitoring protein concentrations is crucial because most diseases are caused by dysregulated protein levels, rather than DNA or RNA levels. Recent studies have indicated that the proteins in the aqueous humor can be used as biomarkers to predict brain diseases. Therefore, mounting an insertion type sensor on the intraocular lens is a compelling candidate platform for monitoring potential brain disease patients. In particular, molecular reactive sensors that use affinity binding, such as molecularly imprinted hydrogels, allow simple label-free detection, as well as high bio-applicability and biocompatibility. Herein, we describe the fabrication of an optical sensor using a silica nanoparticle conjugated bioresponsive hydrogel to analyze protein biomarkers by measuring light interference in smartphone images. Conformational changes in biotin-conjugated hydrogels were observed through the presence of avidin, as a substitution for a novel biomarker, in interconnecting hydrogel networks. Uniformly arrayed nanoparticles interfered with light differently when the distance between the silica nanoparticles was varied according to target moiety binding. A blue-shift of the reflected light was evident in avidin solutions of up to 100 nM and was induced by shrinkage of the hydrogel. The results indicate that our well-defined, label-free bioresponsive hydrogel demonstrated strong potential to be widely applied as a bioresponsive light interfering hydrogel sensor.
[819] 通过分子印迹技术制备的可视区分光干涉生物响应性二氧化硅纳米粒子水凝胶传感器，《材料化学 B》杂志，2019，7(45)：7120-7128。疾病早期检测方法基于对体内液体中疾病特异性生物标志物水平最小变化的识别。其中，监测蛋白质浓度至关重要，因为大多数疾病是由蛋白质水平失调引起的，而不是 DNA 或 RNA 水平。最近的研究表明，房水中的蛋白质可以用作预测脑部疾病的生物标志物。因此，将插入式传感器安装在人工晶状体上是一个监测潜在脑部疾病患者的有力候选平台。特别是，使用亲和结合的分子反应性传感器，如分子印迹水凝胶，可以实现简单的无标记检测，以及高生物适用性和生物相容性。在此，我们描述了利用智能手机图像中的光干涉测量蛋白质生物标志物，通过二氧化硅纳米粒子结合生物响应性水凝胶制备光学传感器的方法。 生物素偶联水凝胶的构象变化通过连接水凝胶网络中 avidin 的存在观察到，作为新型生物标志物的替代品。当根据目标官能团结合改变二氧化硅纳米颗粒之间的距离时，均匀排列的纳米颗粒对光的干扰不同。在 avidin 溶液中，反射光的蓝移在 100 nM 以下明显，并由水凝胶的收缩引起。结果表明，我们定义明确的、无标记的生物响应性水凝胶展示了作为生物响应性光干扰水凝胶传感器的广泛应用潜力。

[820] Materials Tactile Logic Via Innervated Soft Thermochromic Elastomers Nature Communications, 2019, 10(1): 4187. Conventional machines rely on rigid, centralized electronic components to make decisions, which limits complexity and scaling. Here, we show that decision making can be realized on the material-level without relying on semiconductor-based logic. Inspired by the distributed decision making that exists in the arms of an octopus, we present a completely soft, stretchable silicone composite doped with thermochromic pigments and innervated with liquid metal. The ability to deform the liquid metal couples geometric changes to Joule heating, thus enabling tunable thermo-mechanochromic sensing of touch and strain. In more complex circuits, deformation of the metal can redistribute electrical energy to distal portions of the network in a way that converts analog tactile 'inputs' into digital colorimetric 'outputs'. Using the material itself as the active player in the decision making process offers possibilities for creating entirely soft devices that respond locally to environmental interactions or act as embedded sensors for feedback loops.
通过内嵌软热致变色弹性体的触觉逻辑材料《自然·通讯》，2019，10（1）：4187。传统机器依赖于刚性、集中的电子组件来做出决策，这限制了复杂性和扩展性。在这里，我们展示决策可以在材料层面上实现，而不依赖于基于半导体的逻辑。受章鱼触手中的分布式决策启发，我们提出了一种完全柔软、可拉伸的掺杂热致变色颜料并内嵌液态金属的硅酮复合材料。变形液态金属的能力将几何变化与焦耳加热耦合，从而实现可调的触觉-机械-热致变色传感。在更复杂的电路中，金属的变形可以将电能重新分配到网络远端部分，从而将模拟触觉“输入”转换为数字比色“输出”。使用材料本身作为决策过程中的主动参与者，为创建完全柔软的设备提供了可能性，这些设备可以局部响应环境交互或作为反馈回路中的嵌入式传感器。

[821] Materials Tactile Logic Via Innervated Soft Thermochromic Elastomers Nature Communications, 2019, 10(1): 4187. Conventional machines rely on rigid, centralized electronic components to make decisions, which limits complexity and scaling. Here, we show that decision making can be realized on the material-level without relying on semiconductor-based logic. Inspired by the distributed decision making that exists in the arms of an octopus, we present a completely soft, stretchable silicone composite doped with thermochromic pigments and innervated with liquid metal. The ability to deform the liquid metal couples geometric changes to Joule heating, thus enabling tunable thermo-mechanochromic sensing of touch and strain. In more complex circuits, deformation of the metal can redistribute electrical energy to distal portions of the network in a way that converts analog tactile 'inputs' into digital colorimetric 'outputs'. Using the material itself as the active player in the decision making process offers possibilities for creating entirely soft devices that respond locally to environmental interactions or act as embedded sensors for feedback loops.
通过内嵌软热致变色弹性体的触觉逻辑材料《自然·通讯》，2019，10（1）：4187。传统机器依赖于刚性、集中的电子组件来做出决策，这限制了复杂性和扩展性。在这里，我们展示决策可以在材料层面上实现，而不依赖于基于半导体的逻辑。受章鱼触手中的分布式决策启发，我们提出了一种完全柔软、可拉伸的掺杂热致变色颜料并内嵌液态金属的硅酮复合材料。变形液态金属的能力将几何变化与焦耳加热耦合，从而实现可调的触觉-机械-热致变色传感。在更复杂的电路中，金属的变形可以将电能重新分配到网络远端部分，从而将模拟触觉“输入”转换为数字比色“输出”。使用材料本身作为决策过程中的主动参与者，为创建完全柔软的设备提供了可能性，这些设备可以局部响应环境交互或作为反馈回路中的嵌入式传感器。

[822] Structural Colour Using Organized Microfibrillation in Glassy Polymer Films Nature, 2019, 570(7761): 363-+. The formation of microscopic cavities and microfibrils at stress hotspots in polymers is typically undesirable and is a contributor to material failure. This type of stress crazing is accelerated by solvents that are typically weak enough not to dissolve the polymer substantially, but which permeate and plasticize the polymer to facilitate the cavity and microfibril formation process(1-3). Here we show that microfibril and cavity formation in polymer films can be controlled and harnessed using standing-wave optics to design a periodic stress field within the film(4). We can then develop the periodic stress field with a weak solvent to create alternating layers of cavity and microfibril-filled polymers, in a process that we call organized stress microfibrillation. These multi-layered porous structures show structural colour across the full visible spectrum, and the colour can be tuned by varying the temperature and solvent conditions under which the films are developed. By further use of standard lithographic and masking tools, the organized stress microfibrillation process becomes an inkless, large-scale colour printing process generating images at resolutions of up to 14,000 dots per inch on a number of flexible and transparent formats(5,6).
[822] 利用有序微纤化在玻璃态聚合物薄膜中的结构色 Nature，2019，570（7761）：363-+. 聚合物中应力热点处的微观空腔和微纤的形成通常是不可取的，并且是材料失效的原因之一。这种类型的应力开裂被溶剂加速，这些溶剂通常足够弱，不足以大量溶解聚合物，但可以渗透并塑化聚合物，以促进空腔和微纤形成过程（1-3）。在这里，我们展示了一种方法，即利用驻波光学来控制并利用聚合物薄膜中的周期性应力场，以设计微纤和空腔的形成（4）。然后，我们可以使用弱溶剂来开发周期性应力场，以创建交替层状空腔和微纤填充的聚合物，我们称这个过程为有序应力微纤化。这些多层多孔结构在整个可见光谱范围内显示出结构色，并且可以通过调节薄膜制备过程中的温度和溶剂条件来调整颜色。 通过进一步使用标准的光刻和掩模工具，有组织的应力微纤维化过程变成了一种无墨、大规模彩色印刷工艺，能够在多种灵活和透明的格式上生成高达每英寸 14,000 点的图像分辨率（5,6）。

[823] Precision Imprinted Nanostructural Wood Advanced Materials, 2019, 31(48): 7. Wood is a ubiquitous material, widely used in human society, that features naturally abundant, aligned longitudinal cells (e.g., tracheids in softwood and fibers/vessels in hardwood) with diameters of approximate to 50-1000 mu m. Here, the realization of, fine patterns on a wood surface ranging in size from 40 nm to 50 mu m by precision imprinting is described. The precision imprinting is enabled by releasing cellulose fibril aggregates from the bondage of lignin through the delignification process, then imprinting in wet condition and fixing the designed configuration in the dry state. Various precision structures on a wood surface using imprinting technology, including dot arrays, lines, triangular features, and other complex patterns, are successfully demonstrated. Even multiscale structures with nanosized lines on the surface of micrometer hemiballs can be acquired. As a proof of concept, the use of surface-imprinted wood as a microlens array (MLA), which exhibits superior imaging ability and thermal stability even at a high temperature up to 150 degrees C compared with traditional polystyrene MLA, is demonstrated. This precision imprinted wood may open new possibilities toward environmentally friendly devices and applications in optics, biology, electronics, etc.
[823] 精密印制纳米结构木材先进材料，2019，31(48): 7。木材是一种普遍存在的材料，在人类社会中得到广泛应用，其特征是自然丰富的、排列整齐的纵向细胞（例如软木中的管胞和硬木中的纤维/导管），直径约为 50-1000 微米。在这里，通过精密印制在木材表面实现 40 纳米至 50 微米大小的精细图案。精密印制是通过通过脱木质素过程释放纤维素纤维团从木质素的束缚中实现的，然后在潮湿条件下印制，并在干燥状态下固定设计的配置。使用印制技术在木材表面成功演示了各种精密结构，包括点阵、线条、三角形特征和其他复杂图案。甚至可以在微米半球表面上获得具有纳米尺寸线条的多尺度结构。 作为一种概念验证，使用表面印迹木材作为微透镜阵列（MLA），即使在高达 150 摄氏度的高温下，其成像能力和热稳定性也优于传统的聚苯乙烯 MLA，这一应用得到展示。这种精密印迹木材可能为环保设备和光学、生物学、电子等领域的新应用开辟新的可能性。

[824] Multiple-Responsive and Amphibious Hydrogel Actuator Based on Asymmetric Ucst-Type Volume Phase Transition ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019, 11(46): 43641-43648. Thermoresponsive hydrogel actuators have attracted tremendous interest due to their promising applications in artificial muscles, soft robotics, and flexible electronics. However, most of these materials are based on polymers with lower critical solution temperature (LCST), while those from upper critical solution temperature (UCST) are rare. Herein, we report a multiple-responsive UCST hydrogel actuator based on the complex of poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) and poly(acrylamide) (PAAm). By applying a heterogeneous photopolymerization, a bilayer hydrogel was obtained, including a layer of the interpenetrating network (IPN) of PAAm/PAAc and a layer of a single network of PAAm. When cooled down below the UCST, the PAAm/PAAc layer contracted due to the hydrogen bonding of the two polymers while the PAAm layer stays in swelling state, driving the hydrogel to curl. By adjusting the composition of the two layers, the amplitude of actuation behavior could be regulated. By creating patterned IPN domains with photomasks, the hydrogel could deform into complex two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) shapes. An active motion was realized in both water and oil bath, thanks to the internal water exchange between the two layers. Interestingly, the hydrogel actuator is also responsive to urea and salts (Na2SO4, NaCl, NaSCN), due to that the strength of the hydrogen bonds in the IPN changes with the additives. Overall, the current study realized an anisotropic UCST transition by introducing asymmetrically distributed polymer-polymer hydrogen bonds, which would inspire new inventions of intelligent materials.
[824] 基于非对称 Ucst 型体积相变的多响应性和两栖水凝胶致动器 ACS 应用材料与界面，2019，11(46)：43641-43648。热响应性水凝胶致动器因其有望在人工肌肉、软体机器人和柔性电子领域的应用而受到广泛关注。然而，大多数这些材料基于临界溶液温度（LCST）较低的聚合物，而来自上临界溶液温度（UCST）的则较为罕见。在此，我们报道了一种基于聚（丙烯酸）（PAAc）和聚（丙烯酰胺）（PAAm）复合物的多响应性 UCST 水凝胶致动器。通过应用异相光聚合，获得了一种双层水凝胶，包括 PAAm/PAAc 互穿网络（IPN）层和 PAAm 单网络层。当冷却至 UCST 以下时，PAAm/PAAc 层由于两种聚合物的氢键收缩，而 PAAm 层保持膨胀状态，驱动水凝胶卷曲。通过调整两层成分，可以调节致动行为的幅度。 通过使用光掩模创建图案化的 IPN 区域，水凝胶可以变形为复杂的二维（2D）和三维（3D）形状。由于两层之间的内部水交换，水浴和油浴中均实现了主动运动。有趣的是，水凝胶致动器对尿素和盐（Na2SO4、NaCl、NaSCN）也具有响应性，因为 IPN 中的氢键强度会随着添加剂而变化。总体而言，本研究通过引入非对称分布的聚合物-聚合物氢键实现了各向异性 UCST 转变，这将激发智能材料的新发明。

[825] Stimuli-Responsive Polymers for Sensing and Actuation Materials Horizons, 2019, 6(9): 1774-1793. The use of stimuli-responsive polymers in sensing technologies and for actuation has garnered tremendous interest over the past few decades. This is mainly due to the myriad responsivities that these polymers can possess, e.g., responsivity to temperature, pH, biomolecules, CO2, light, and electricity. As a result, these stimuli-responsive devices can be used to monitor human health and detect environmental analytes, for soft robotics and artificial muscles. In this review, we highlight state-of-the-art examples of the synthesis, and use of stimuli-responsive polymers in these fields that have been reported since 2016.
[825] 应激响应聚合物在传感和驱动材料领域的应用 材料前沿，2019，6(9)：1774-1793。在过去几十年中，刺激响应聚合物在传感技术和驱动领域的应用引起了极大的兴趣。这主要归因于这些聚合物可以具有多种响应性，例如对温度、pH 值、生物分子、CO2、光和电的响应性。因此，这些刺激响应装置可用于监测人类健康和检测环境分析物，以及软体机器人和人工肌肉。在本综述中，我们重点介绍了自 2016 年以来报道的这些领域中刺激响应聚合物的合成和应用的最先进实例。

[826] Harnessing the Power of Stimuli‐Responsive Polymers for Actuation Advanced Functional Materials, 2019, 30(2). A common behavior found in nature is the ability of plants and animals to naturally respond to their surroundings through actuation. Stimuli-responsive polymers exhibit the same ability to naturally respond to changes in their environment, although manipulating them in a manner that allows their responses to be harnessed to do work via actuation is far from trivial. In this Review, examples that use temperature, pH, light, and electric field (and other) stimulation for actuation are highlighted. The actuation can result in materials that can be used to grip, lift, and move objects as well as for their own movement. As tremendous progress is being made in this research area, it is hard to imagine a future without these materials impacting lives in some way.
利用刺激响应聚合物驱动先进功能材料，2019，30(2)。自然界中常见的现象是植物和动物能够通过驱动自然地对其周围环境做出反应。刺激响应聚合物表现出同样的能力，能够自然地对其环境变化做出反应，尽管通过操纵它们使其反应能够通过驱动来完成工作并非易事。在这篇综述中，强调了使用温度、pH 值、光和电场（及其他）刺激进行驱动的一些例子。驱动可以导致可用于抓取、提升和移动物体的材料，以及用于自身运动的材料。随着这一研究领域的巨大进步，很难想象一个没有这些材料以某种方式影响生活的未来。

[827] Gel-Based Artificial Photonic Skin to Sense a Gentle Touch by Reflection ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019, 11(17): 15195-15200. This work demonstrates that engineering a three-dimensional photonic crystal (3DPC) structure in a highly flexible gel is a potential method to achieve flexible tactile artificial photonic skin (p-skin) for future visible-light communication (VLC). We investigated the photonic output modes of 3DPC-coated gel-based pressure sensors and explored their ability to sense low pressures (<10 kPa) through reflection. Such sensors with high sensitivity, fast response, and adjustable detection range can be fabricated in arrays of dots covering large, complex/uneven surfaces and are promising in the development of stimuli-responsive soft materials for future artificial intelligence, health monitoring, and photonic communication systems.
基于凝胶的人工光子皮肤通过反射感知轻触，ACS 应用材料与界面，2019，11（17）：15195-15200。这项研究证明，在高度灵活的凝胶中构建三维光子晶体（3DPC）结构是实现未来可见光通信（VLC）的柔性触觉人工光子皮肤（p-skin）的潜在方法。我们研究了 3DPC 涂覆凝胶基压力传感器的光子输出模式，并探讨了它们通过反射感知低压力（<10 kPa）的能力。这种具有高灵敏度、快速响应和可调检测范围的传感器可以制造成覆盖大、复杂/不均匀表面的点阵，在开发未来人工智能、健康监测和光子通信系统的刺激响应软材料方面具有前景。

[828] A Strongly Adhesive Hemostatic Hydrogel for the Repair of Arterial and Heart Bleeds Nature Communications, 2019, 10. Uncontrollable bleeding is a major problem in surgical procedures and after major trauma. Existing hemostatic agents poorly control hemorrhaging from traumatic arterial and cardiac wounds because of their weak adhesion to wet and mobile tissues. Here we design a photo reactive adhesive that mimics the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition. This biomacromolecule-based matrix hydrogel can undergo rapid gelling and fixation to adhere and seal bleeding arteries and cardiac walls after UV light irradiation. These repairs can withstand up to 290 mm Hg blood pressure, significantly higher than blood pressures in most clinical settings (systolic BP 60-160 mm Hg). Most importantly, the hydrogel can stop high pressure bleeding from pig carotid arteries with 4-5 mm-long incision wounds and from pig hearts with 6 mm diameter cardiac penetration holes. Treated pigs survived after hemostatic treatments with this hydrogel, which is well-tolerated and appears to offer significant clinical advantage as a traumatic wound sealant.
[828] 一种用于动脉和心脏出血修复的强粘附性止血水凝胶 自然通讯，2019，10.无法控制的出血是手术过程中和重大创伤后的一个主要问题。现有的止血剂由于对湿润和移动组织的粘附力弱，无法很好地控制创伤性动脉和心脏伤口的出血。在这里，我们设计了一种光敏粘合剂，其模拟了细胞外基质（ECM）的组成。这种基于生物大分子矩阵的水凝胶可以快速凝胶化和固定，在紫外线照射后粘附和密封出血的动脉和心脏壁。这些修复可以承受高达 290 mm Hg 的血压，显著高于大多数临床环境中的血压（收缩压 60-160 mm Hg）。最重要的是，该水凝胶可以停止猪颈动脉 4-5 毫米长的切口伤口和猪心脏 6 毫米直径的心脏穿透孔的高压出血。经过这种水凝胶的止血治疗，治疗过的猪存活下来，该水凝胶耐受性良好，似乎在作为创伤性伤口密封剂方面具有显著的临床优势。

[829] Multi-Mode Structural-Color Anti-Counterfeiting Labels Based on Physically Unclonable Amorphous Photonic Structures with Convenient Artificial Intelligence Authentication Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2019, 7(45): 14069-14074. The first physically unclonable anti-counterfeiting label based on structural colors was enabled by interfacing amorphous photonic structures with artificial intelligence. The showing of the structural colors by water, the unique spectra shifts and the artificial-intelligence decodable amorphous arrangements constituted three-level security functions, which add a new dimension to current anti-counterfeiting technology.
基于物理不可克隆的非晶态光子结构的多模态结构色防伪标签，具有便捷的人工智能认证，材料化学 C 杂志，2019，7(45)：14069-14074。通过将非晶态光子结构与人工智能接口，首次实现了基于结构色的物理不可克隆防伪标签。水对结构色的展示、独特的光谱偏移以及人工智能可解码的非晶态排列构成了三级安全功能，为当前的防伪技术增添了新的维度。

[830] Rubidium-Containing Calcium Alginate Hydrogel for Antibacterial and Diabetic Skin Wound Healing Applications (Retracted Article. See Vol. 7, Pg. 2858, 2021) Acs Biomaterials Science & Engineering, 2019, 5(9): 4726-4738. Rubidium (Rb) is an important microelement for the human body, which can kill and inhibit bacteria. Rubidium-containing polyhydrated ionogens have been applied to treat refractory wounds. In this work, for the first time, Rb was added into calcium alginate hydrogel (Rb-CA gel) and then made into a dressing by freeze-drying. The addition of Rb to CA maintained a well-ordered porous structure with only slightly reduced swelling and storage modulus and increased roughness and in vitro degradation rate. Experiments in vitro demonstrated that Rb-CA gels could not only inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ubiquitous but were nontoxic and even conducive to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), fibroblasts, and keratinocytes. HUVECs exposed to Rb-CA gels exhibited enhanced migration and tubule formation ability, increased vascular endothelial growth factor secretion, and improved activation of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2)/heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway. Rb-CA gels also promoted the migration of fibroblasts and keratinocytes. In vivo, in a type II diabetic male Sprague-Dawley rat wound model, neovascularization, re-epithelialization, and collagen deposition were all improved greatly by the Rb-CA gel, with the upregulation of NRF2 and HO-1 protein secretion that inhibited the oxidative stress reaction in the wound sites. Moreover, the Rb-CA gel exhibited a strong anti-inflammatory effect on the wound. In summary, the application of Rb-CA gel dressings to diabetic wounds could produce various synergetic enhancements in terms of angiogenesis, re-epithelialization, and collagen deposition. Hence, Rb-CA gels can be used as a novel therapeutic strategy to promote the healing of diabetic wounds.
含铷钙藻酸盐水凝胶用于抗菌和糖尿病皮肤伤口愈合应用（撤回文章。见第 7 卷，第 2858 页，2021 年）Acs 生物材料科学与工程，2019，5(9)：4726-4738。铷（Rb）是人体的重要微量元素，可以杀菌和抑制细菌。含铷的多水合离子发生剂已被应用于治疗难愈伤口。在这项工作中，首次将铷添加到钙藻酸盐水凝胶（Rb-CA 凝胶）中，然后通过冷冻干燥制成敷料。向 CA 中添加 Rb 保持了良好的有序多孔结构，仅略微降低了溶胀和储存模量，并增加了粗糙度和体外降解率。体外实验表明，Rb-CA 凝胶不仅可以抑制金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌的普遍生长，而且对人类脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs）、成纤维细胞和角质形成细胞无毒性，甚至有益。 HUVECs 暴露于 Rb-CA 凝胶中表现出增强的迁移和管状形成能力，增加血管内皮生长因子分泌，并改善核因子（红细胞系衍生 2 型）2（NRF2）/血红素加氧酶-1（HO-1）信号通路的激活。Rb-CA 凝胶还促进了成纤维细胞和角质形成细胞的迁移。在体内，在 II 型糖尿病雄性 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠伤口模型中，Rb-CA 凝胶显著改善了新生血管化、再上皮化和胶原沉积，NRF2 和 HO-1 蛋白分泌上调，抑制了伤口部位的氧化应激反应。此外，Rb-CA 凝胶对伤口表现出强烈的抗炎作用。总之，将 Rb-CA 凝胶敷料应用于糖尿病伤口可以产生血管生成、再上皮化和胶原沉积等方面的多种协同增强效果。因此，Rb-CA 凝胶可以作为促进糖尿病伤口愈合的一种新型治疗策略。

[831] The Production and Application of Hydrogels for Wound Management: A Review European Polymer Journal, 2019, 111: 134-151. Wound treatment has increased in importance in the wound care sector due to the pervasiveness of chronic wounds in the high-risk population including, but not limited to, geriatric population, immunocompromised and obese patients. Furthermore, the number of people diagnosed with diabetes is rapidly growing. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the global diabetic occurrence has increased from 4.7% in 1980 to 8.5% in 2014. As diabetes becomes a common medical condition, it has also become one of the major causes of chronic wounds which require specialised care to address patients' unique needs. Wound dressings play a vital role in the wound healing process as they protect the wound site from the external environment. They are also capable of interacting with the wound bed in order to facilitate and accelerate the healing process. Advanced dressings such as hydrogels are designed to maintain a moist environment at the site of application and due to high water content are ideal candidates for wound management. Hydrogels can be used for both exudating or dry necrotic wounds. Additionally, hydrogels also demonstrate other unique features such as softness, malleability and biocompatibility. Nowadays, advanced wound care products make up around $7.1 billion of the global market and their production is growing at an annual rate of 8.3% with the market projected to be worth $12.5 billion by 2022. The presented review focuses on novel hydrogel wound dressings, their main characteristics and their wound management applications. It also describes recent methodologies used for their production and the future potential developments.
[831] 水凝胶在伤口管理中的应用与生产：综述 欧洲聚合物杂志，2019，111：134-151。由于高风险人群（包括但不限于老年人群、免疫抑制和肥胖患者）慢性伤口的普遍存在，伤口治疗在伤口护理领域的地位日益重要。此外，糖尿病患者的数量正在迅速增长。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的数据，全球糖尿病发病率从 1980 年的 4.7%上升到 2014 年的 8.5%。随着糖尿病成为常见的医疗状况，它也成为慢性伤口的主要病因之一，这些伤口需要专业的护理来满足患者的特殊需求。伤口敷料在伤口愈合过程中起着至关重要的作用，因为它们可以保护伤口部位免受外部环境的影响。它们还能够与伤口床相互作用，以促进和加速愈合过程。高级敷料如水凝胶旨在在应用部位维持湿润环境，由于其高水分含量，是伤口管理的理想选择。 水凝胶可用于渗出性或干性坏疽伤口。此外，水凝胶还表现出其他独特特性，如柔软性、可塑性和生物相容性。如今，先进的伤口护理产品占全球市场的约 710 亿美元，其年增长率约为 8.3%，预计到 2022 年市场规模将达到 125 亿美元。本综述重点介绍了新型水凝胶伤口敷料、其主要特性和伤口管理应用。同时，还描述了用于其生产的最新方法和未来潜在的发展。

[832] Research on the Durability of Metal-Packaged Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors Ieee Photonics Technology Letters, 2019, 31(7): 525-528. Compared to conventional adhesive packaging for fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors, metal packaging is considered a new and robust method with excellent advantages such as stability and resistance to high and low temperatures. Current research mainly focuses on metal coating methods, the enhancement of temperature sensing characteristics, and the method of welding onto the substrate. However, the durability of the metal packaging, which determines the measurement accuracy and lifetime of a metal-coated FBG sensor, has been ignored. This letter introduces our long-term investigation of the durability of three metal-packaged FBG sensors over the past four years. The metal packaging process for the bare FBGs and sensor substrates, the experimental design, and the test methods are presented. The research results show that the central wavelength of a prestretched metallized FBG decreases due to natural aging after 10 months and that its sensing capabilities, such as its negative strain detection capacity, sensitivity, linearity, and repeatability, significantly degrade after 48 months, revealing a deficiency in our current understanding.
[832] 金属封装光纤布拉格光栅传感器耐久性研究 IEEE 光子技术信函，2019，31(7)：525-528。与传统的光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）传感器的粘合封装相比，金属封装被认为是一种新颖且坚固的方法，具有稳定性、耐高温和低温等优异优点。当前研究主要集中于金属涂层方法、温度传感特性的增强以及焊接到衬底的方法。然而，金属封装的耐久性，它决定了金属涂层 FBG 传感器的测量精度和寿命，一直被忽视。本信函介绍了我们过去四年对三种金属封装 FBG 传感器耐久性的长期研究。展示了裸 FBG 和传感器衬底的金属封装工艺、实验设计和测试方法。 研究结果表明，预拉伸金属化光纤布拉格光栅的中心波长在 10 个月后因自然老化而降低，其传感能力，如负应变检测能力、灵敏度、线性度和重复性，在 48 个月后显著下降，暴露出我们对当前理解存在的不足。

[833] Investigation on Effects of Chain Extenders and Cross-Linking Agents of Polyurethane Elastomers Using Independent Building Vibration Isolation Sensor Sensors and Materials, 2019, 31(12): 4069-4078. Polymeric materials are used for vibration protection owing to their high-energy dissipation or adsorption. In this study, polyurethane elastomers (PUEs) were prepared using six kinds of chain extender and three types of cross-linking agent. The relationships between their structures and vibration isolation performances were investigated in detail using an independent building vibration isolation sensor. The results showed that elastomers with fewer main chain carbon atoms exhibited better vibration isolation performance. With increasing number of side groups of the chain extender, both the damping and vibration isolation properties were improved. For different cross-linkers, a more irregular structure of the cross-linkers resulted in the better vibration isolation performance of the PUEs.
对聚氨酯弹性体链增长剂和交联剂的研究，利用独立建筑振动隔离传感器，传感器和材料，2019，31(12)：4069-4078。聚合物材料因其高能量耗散或吸附而用于振动保护。在本研究中，使用六种链增长剂和三种类型的交联剂制备了聚氨酯弹性体（PUEs）。利用独立建筑振动隔离传感器详细研究了它们的结构与振动隔离性能之间的关系。结果表明，具有较少主链碳原子的弹性体表现出更好的振动隔离性能。随着链增长剂侧链数量的增加，阻尼和振动隔离性能均得到改善。对于不同的交联剂，交联剂结构越不规则，PUEs 的振动隔离性能越好。

[834] The Rheological and Physicochemical Properties of a Novel Thermosensitive Hydrogel Based on Konjac Glucomannan/Gum Tragacanth Lwt-Food Science and Technology, 2019, 100: 271-277. Thermosensitive hydrogels are known for their application potential in a wide range of fields. In this study, a novel thermosensitive hydrogel was prepared under specific physical gelling conditions using konjac glucomannan (KGM) and gum tragacanth (GT). The rheology results showed that KGM/GT mixed hydrocolloids are a typical non-Newtonian pseudoplastic fluid. They have significant elastic properties: G' was higher than G '' at all hydrocolloid ratios. Increasing the GT concentration resulted in decreased tan 8 values, with the extreme values occurring at KGM:GT = 3:7. Moreover, the thermosensitive hydrogels showed a sol-gel transformation temperature ranging from 40 to 35 degrees C. The physicochemical properties of KGM/GT hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, TGA and SEM. The intermolecular interactions were mainly hydrogen bonding. Numerous connected porous structures were found in the hydrogels microstructures. The results of this study indicate that KGM/GT thermosensitive hydrogels might be a potential material for use in food and biomedical areas.
[834] 基于魔芋甘露聚糖/阿拉伯胶的温敏水凝胶的流变学和物理化学性质，《食品科学和技术》，2019，100：271-277。温敏水凝胶因其广泛的应用潜力而闻名。在本研究中，通过在特定的物理凝胶条件下使用魔芋甘露聚糖（KGM）和阿拉伯胶（GT）制备了一种新型温敏水凝胶。流变学结果表明，KGM/GT 混合水溶性高分子是典型的非牛顿假塑性流体。它们具有显著的弹性特性：在所有水溶性高分子比例下，G' 值均高于 G'' 值。增加 GT 浓度导致 tan 8 值降低，极值出现在 KGM:GT = 3:7。此外，温敏水凝胶表现出 40 至 35 摄氏度的溶胶-凝胶转变温度。KGM/GT 水凝胶的物理化学性质通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、热重分析（TGA）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）进行表征。分子间相互作用主要是氢键。在凝胶的微观结构中发现了许多相互连接的多孔结构。 这项研究的结果表明，KGM/GT 温敏水凝胶可能成为食品和生物医学领域的潜在材料。

[835] Freezing Influence on Physical Properties of Glucomannan Hydrogels International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2019, 128: 401-405. Freezing is an interesting technique to modify the mechanical properties and morphology of hydrogels. Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a polysaccharide that has potential use in cutting-edge areas as biomaterials and tissue engineering. In this work, we deeply investigated the influence of freezing on KGM. For that, KGM hydrogels were frozen at several freezing rates and temperatures. Results show that the freezing rate was the most important factor in the final physical properties of the KGM hydrogels. Slow freezing rate produced structures with isotropic and large pores, while fast freezing resulted in hydrogels with small and aligned pores. In addition, hydrogels frozen at high temperature (-8 degrees C) exhibited higher penetration modulus than hydrogels frozen at low temperature (-28 degrees C), since dense polymer regions are formed due to higher molecules dehydration caused by slow freezing. KGM hydrogels that underwent freezing can be explored as scaffolds for tissue engineering, with improved structural and mechanical properties. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
冷冻对甘露聚糖水凝胶物理性质的影响 国际生物大分子杂志，2019，128：401-405。冷冻是一种有趣的改性水凝胶机械性能和形态的技术。魔芋甘露聚糖（KGM）是一种多糖，在生物材料和组织工程等尖端领域具有潜在应用。在本研究中，我们深入研究了冷冻对 KGM 的影响。为此，KGM 水凝胶在几个冷冻速率和温度下进行冷冻。结果表明，冷冻速率是 KGM 水凝胶最终物理性质的最重要因素。慢速冷冻产生各向同性和大孔隙的结构，而快速冷冻导致具有小和对齐孔隙的水凝胶。此外，在高温（-8 摄氏度）下冷冻的水凝胶的渗透模量高于在低温（-28 摄氏度）下冷冻的水凝胶，因为由于慢速冷冻引起的分子脱水程度更高，形成了致密的聚合物区域。经过冷冻的 KGM 水凝胶可以作为组织工程支架进行探索，具有改进的结构和机械性能。 (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[836] A Bimodal Soft Electronic Skin for Tactile and Touchless Interaction in Real Time Nature Communications, 2019, 10(1): 4405. The emergence of smart electronics, human friendly robotics and supplemented or virtual reality demands electronic skins with both tactile and touchless perceptions for the manipulation of real and virtual objects. Here, we realize bifunctional electronic skins equipped with a compliant magnetic microelectromechanical system able to transduce both tactile-via mechanical pressure-and touchless-via magnetic fields-stimulations simultaneously. The magnetic microelectromechanical system separates electric signals from tactile and touchless interactions into two different regions, allowing the electronic skins to unambiguously distinguish the two modes in real time. Besides, its inherent magnetic specificity overcomes the interference from non-relevant objects and enables signal-programmable interactions. Ultimately, the magnetic microelectromechanical system enables complex interplay with physical objects enhanced with virtual content data in augmented reality, robotics, and medical applications.
[836] 一种用于实时触觉和触摸交互的双模态软电子皮肤，发表在《自然通讯》2019 年第 10 卷第 1 期，文章编号：4405。智能电子设备、友好型机器人和增强或虚拟现实的出现，要求电子皮肤具备触觉和触摸感知能力，以操作真实和虚拟对象。在此，我们实现了一种具有柔顺磁性微机电系统的双功能电子皮肤，能够同时转换触觉（通过机械压力）和触摸（通过磁场）刺激。磁性微机电系统将触觉和触摸交互的电气信号分离到两个不同的区域，使电子皮肤能够实时明确地区分这两种模式。此外，其固有的磁性特异性克服了非相关对象的干扰，并实现了信号可编程交互。最终，磁性微机电系统使与物理对象复杂交互成为可能，这些对象在增强现实、机器人和医疗应用中增强了虚拟内容数据。

[837] A Redox-Responsive Hyaluronic Acid-Based Hydrogel for Chronic Wound Management Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2019, 7(47): 7494-7501. Polymer-based hydrogels have been widely applied for chronic wound therapeutics, due to their well-acclaimed wound exudate management capability. At the same time, there is still an unmet clinical need for simple wound diagnostic tools to assist clinical decision-making at the point of care and deliver on the vision of patient-personalised wound management. To explore this challenge, we present a one-step synthetic strategy to realise a redox-responsive, hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogel that is sensitive to wound environment-related variations in glutathione (GSH) concentration. By selecting aminoethyl disulfide (AED) as a GSH-sensitive crosslinker and considering GSH concentration variations in active and non-self-healing wounds, we investigated the impact of GSH-induced AED cleavage on hydrogel dimensions, aiming to build GSH-size relationships for potential point-of-care wound diagnosis. The hydrogel was also found to be non-cytotoxic and aided L929 fibroblast growth and proliferation over seven days in vitro. Such a material offers a very low-cost tool for the visual detection of a target analyte that varies dependent on the status of the cells and tissues (wound detection), and may be further exploited as an implant for fibroblast growth and tissue regeneration (wound repair).
[837] 基于透明质酸的氧化还原响应性水凝胶用于慢性伤口管理 材料化学 B，2019，7(47)：7494-7501。基于聚合物的水凝胶因其备受赞誉的伤口渗出物管理能力，已被广泛应用于慢性伤口治疗。同时，对于简单伤口诊断工具的需求尚未得到满足，这些工具可在护理点协助临床决策，并实现患者个性化伤口管理的愿景。为了探索这一挑战，我们提出了一种一步法合成策略，实现了一种氧化还原响应性、基于透明质酸（HA）的水凝胶，该水凝胶对伤口环境相关的谷胱甘肽（GSH）浓度变化敏感。通过选择谷胱甘肽敏感的交联剂二硫代氨基乙烷（AED）并考虑活性伤口和非自愈伤口中 GSH 浓度的变化，我们研究了 GSH 诱导的 AED 裂解对水凝胶尺寸的影响，旨在建立 GSH 尺寸关系以实现潜在的护理点伤口诊断。该水凝胶还被发现对细胞无毒性，并在体外培养七天内促进了 L929 成纤维细胞的生长和增殖。 这种材料为检测细胞和组织状态（伤口检测）而变化的靶分析物提供了一种低成本工具，并可进一步作为成纤维细胞生长和组织再生的植入物（伤口修复）进行利用。

[838] Photonic Nanoarchitectonics with Stimuli-Responsive 2d Materials Molecular Systems Design & Engineering, 2019, 4(3): 566-579. The ability to produce structural color from inherently colorless materials, similar to that in butterfly wings and beetle shells, has attracted considerable research interest over the last three decades. Despite their extraordinary properties and performances, the field of structural colors based on inherently functional 2D materials only took off recently. In this minireview, we highlight the diversity of 2D materials utilized for achieving structural coloration in different architectures. We summarize the large tunability of photonic architectures based on 2D materials and emphasize their extraordinary dynamic response induced by external stimuli. Subsequently, recent strategies to tailor their properties with molecular and structural approaches are discussed. Finally, we point out promising future directions in this emerging field.
[838] 光子纳米建筑学：刺激响应二维材料分子系统设计与工程，2019，4(3)：566-579。从本质上无色的材料中产生结构色的能力，类似于蝴蝶翅膀和甲虫外壳，在过去三十年中引起了相当大的研究兴趣。尽管它们具有非凡的性能，但基于本质上功能性二维材料的结构色领域只是最近才开始兴起。在这篇综述中，我们强调了用于在不同架构中实现结构色的二维材料的多样性。我们总结了基于二维材料的 photonic 架构的巨大可调性，并强调了它们由外部刺激引起的非凡动态响应。随后，讨论了最近通过分子和结构方法定制其特性的策略。最后，我们指出了该新兴领域的有希望的未来方向。

[839] Concept of Reliability and Safety Assessment of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles: Basics, Progress, and Challenges Applied Energy, 2019, 251: 113343. Over the last few decades, lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have attracted significant attention due to their high energy density, low maintenance, and the variety of shapes, chemistries and performances available. Meanwhile, reliability and safety assessment of Li-ion batteries has become an important issue for original equipment manufacturers, in particular for future electric vehicles' performance. Evaluation of reliability and safety plays an important role to assess overall Li-ion battery behavior over its lifespan. This paper presents the role, mechanism and outcome of the different failures for evaluating reliability and safety of Li-ion batteries in electric vehicles. Additionally, the contribution of Li-ion battery degradation in five main failure modes and capacity and power fade for providing reliability assessment models as solutions of existing challenges have been investigated.
锂离子电池在电动汽车中的可靠性和安全性评估概念：基础、进展与挑战，应用能源，2019，251：113343。在过去几十年中，由于锂离子（Li-ion）电池具有高能量密度、低维护成本以及多样的形状、化学和性能，因此受到了广泛关注。同时，锂离子电池的可靠性和安全性评估已成为原始设备制造商的重要问题，尤其是对于未来电动汽车的性能。评估可靠性和安全性在评估锂离子电池在其使用寿命期间的整体行为中起着重要作用。本文阐述了评估电动汽车中锂离子电池可靠性和安全性的不同故障的作用、机制和结果。此外，还研究了锂离子电池在五种主要失效模式下的退化以及容量和功率衰减，为提供可靠性评估模型作为解决现有挑战的解决方案。

[840] Novel Fiber Grating for Sensing Applications Physica Status Solidi a-Applications and Materials Science, 2019, 216(6): 1800820. This review covers some kinds of novel fiber grating and their applications in sensing fields. According to the fiber structures, these novel fiber grating sensors are divided into five types: single mode fiber grating sensors, few-mode fiber grating sensors, multi-core fiber grating sensors, photonic crystal fiber grating sensors, and D-shaped fiber grating sensors. For each kind of fiber grating sensor, both long period fiber grating sensors and fiber Bragg grating sensors are introduced separately, along with their structures, sensing applications, corresponding sensing characteristics, and the advantages and disadvantages in sensing applications.
[840] 新型光纤光栅用于传感应用 物理状态固体 a-应用与材料科学，2019，216(6)：1800820。本综述涵盖了某些新型光纤光栅及其在传感领域的应用。根据光纤结构，这些新型光纤光栅传感器分为五种类型：单模光纤光栅传感器、少模光纤光栅传感器、多芯光纤光栅传感器、光子晶体光纤光栅传感器和 D 型光纤光栅传感器。对于每种光纤光栅传感器，分别介绍了长周期光纤光栅传感器和光纤布拉格光栅传感器，包括它们的结构、传感应用、相应的传感特性以及在传感应用中的优缺点。

[841] Synthesis and Characterization of Polysaccharide Hydrogel Based on Hydrophobic Interactions Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2019, 136(25). Hydrogels based on hydrophobic, or micellar interactions, are physically crosslinked hydrogels which are an attempt to overcome the poor mechanical properties of traditional, chemically crosslinked gels, such as low shear strength. We have prepared a polysaccharide-based hydrogel with physical crosslinks via hydrophobic interactions. In this work, we have synthesized hydrogel by grafting a hydrophobic moiety dioctylamine onto hydrophilic precursor carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) through an amide bond formation, where similar to 33% of the carboxyl group in CMC was reacted with dioctylamine. The thermosensitive hydrogel can arrest 100 mL of deionized water per gram of gelator within few seconds. It showed the moderate rheological property. The hydrogel is nontoxic and does not show any adverse to human hemoglobin. It is a CMC based a unique gelator with high biocompatibility represent to be useful materials for biomedical application. (c) 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47665.
基于疏水相互作用的聚糖水凝胶的合成与表征 《应用聚合物科学》杂志，2019，136(25)。基于疏水或胶束相互作用的 hydrogels 是物理交联水凝胶，旨在克服传统化学交联凝胶的较差机械性能，如低剪切强度。我们通过疏水相互作用制备了一种基于聚糖的具有物理交联的水凝胶。在本工作中，我们通过酰胺键形成，将疏水基团二辛胺接枝到亲水前体羧甲基纤维素（CMC）上，其中约 33%的羧基与二辛胺反应。该热敏感水凝胶可以在几秒钟内捕获每克凝胶剂 100 毫升去离子水。它表现出适中的流变性能。该水凝胶无毒，对人类血红蛋白无任何不良影响。它是一种基于 CMC 的独特凝胶剂，具有高生物相容性，代表可用于生物医学应用的材料。（c）2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019，136，47665。

[842] Recent Advances in the Manipulation of Circularly Polarised Light with Cellulose Nanocrystal Films Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science, 2019, 23(2): 63-73. Significant advances have been made to control the iridescence and the selective reflection of left circularly polarised (LCP) light, and transmission of right circularly polarised (RCP) light of solid films prepared from cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). However the manipulation of the photonic properties of the CNCs films, which reflect both RCP and LCP light is less investigated. Solid films prepare from natural sources as CNCs have advantageous characteristics that are absent in other synthetic structures, such as wide availability and renewability. Here we review and compare recent research activity involving the production and characterization of photonic band gap structures resulting from an anisotropic layer inserted between two cholesteric layers with different helical pitches but the same handedness. We make connections between systems existing in Nature and synthetic ones with the hope of advancing in the production and manipulation of CNCs-based photonic structures.
[842] 纤维素纳米晶体薄膜对圆偏振光操控的近期进展 当前固态与材料科学观点，2019，23(2)：63-73。在控制由纤维素纳米晶体（CNCs）制备的固体薄膜的左旋圆偏振（LCP）光的闪烁和选择性反射以及右旋圆偏振（RCP）光的传输方面取得了显著进展。然而，对同时反射 RCP 和 LCP 光的 CNCs 薄膜的光学特性的操控研究较少。从天然来源制备的 CNCs 固体薄膜具有其他合成结构所不具备的优越特性，如广泛可用性和可再生性。在此，我们回顾和比较了涉及在两个具有不同螺旋节距但相同手性的胆甾醇层之间插入各向异性层而产生的光子带隙结构的生产和表征的最新研究活动。我们希望将自然存在的系统和合成系统联系起来，以推进基于 CNCs 的光子结构的生产和操控。

[843] Mechanically Robust and Flexible Silk Protein/Polysaccharide Composite Sponges for Wound Dressing Carbohydrate Polymers, 2019, 216: 17-24. The cutaneous tissue contains cellular protein and polysaccharide components which together maintain the functionality of the tissue. In this study, silk fibroin (SF) and konjac glucomannan (KGM) were physically crosslinked to form biocompatible protein/polysaccharide sponges with tunable mechanical properties for wound dressing application. The pore structure of sponges can be adjusted by changing blend ratio of SF/KGM, forming homogeneous interconnected pore structure. FTIR and Raman results revealed the intermolecular interaction between SF and KGM, suggesting the formation of interpenetrating polymer network after ethanol/ammonium hydroxide treatment. Raising KGM content significantly enhanced water-absorption, water-retention abilities, and compression strength of porous sponges. Especially, the composite sponges possessed a similar compressive modulus with native skin tissue, showing a matched flexibility for wound treatment. Moreover, the cell viability results based on human dermal fibroblast cells demonstrated that the sponge showed excellent biocompatibility for cell adhesion and proliferation. Therefore, due to the strong water-absorption capacity, moist environment, similar compressive modulus with skin tissue and excellent biocompatibility, the composite sponges have potential application in wound dressings.
[843] 机械性能优异且柔韧的丝蛋白/多糖复合海绵用于伤口敷料 碳水化合物聚合物，2019，216：17-24。皮肤组织含有细胞蛋白和多糖成分，共同维持组织的功能。在本研究中，丝素蛋白（SF）和葛根甘露聚糖（KGM）通过物理交联形成具有可调机械性能的生物相容性蛋白/多糖海绵，适用于伤口敷料。海绵的孔结构可以通过改变 SF/KGM 的混合比例进行调整，形成均匀互连的孔结构。FTIR 和拉曼光谱结果表明，SF 和 KGM 之间存在分子间相互作用，表明经过乙醇/氨水处理后形成了互穿聚合物网络。提高 KGM 含量显著增强了多孔海绵的吸水、保水能力和压缩强度。特别是，复合海绵具有与天然皮肤组织相似的压缩模量，显示出与伤口治疗相匹配的柔韧性。 此外，基于人真皮成纤维细胞的细胞活力结果表明，该海绵表现出优异的细胞粘附和增殖的生物相容性。因此，由于强大的吸水能力、湿润环境、与皮肤组织相似的压缩模量和优异的生物相容性，复合海绵在伤口敷料中具有潜在的应用价值。

[844] Dual-Gradient Enabled Ultrafast Biomimetic Snapping of Hydrogel Materials Science Advances, 2019, 5(4): eaav7174. The design of materials that can mimic the complex yet fast actuation phenomena in nature is important but challenging. Herein, we present a new paradigm for designing responsive hydrogel sheets that can exhibit ultrafast inverse snapping deformation. Dual-gradient structures of hydrogel sheets enable the accumulation of elastic energy in hydrogels by converting prestored energy and rapid reverse snapping (<1 s) to release the energy. By controlling the magnitude and location of energy prestored within the hydrogels, the snapping of hydrogel sheets can be programmed to achieve different structures and actuation behaviors. We have developed theoretical model to elucidate the crucial role of dual gradients and predict the snapping motion of various hydrogel materials. This new design principle provides guidance for fabricating actuation materials with applications in tissue engineering, soft robotics, and active medical implants.
[844] 双梯度赋能的超快仿生水凝胶断裂，材料科学进展，2019，5(4)：eaav7174。设计能够模仿自然界中复杂而快速驱动现象的材料具有重要意义但具有挑战性。在此，我们提出了一种设计响应性水凝胶薄片的新范式，这些薄片可以表现出超快反向断裂变形。水凝胶薄片的双梯度结构通过将预存储的能量和快速反向断裂（<1 秒）转化为释放能量，使水凝胶中积累弹性能量。通过控制水凝胶内预存储能量的幅度和位置，可以编程水凝胶薄片的断裂以实现不同的结构和驱动行为。我们开发了理论模型来阐明双梯度在其中的关键作用并预测各种水凝胶材料的断裂运动。这一新的设计原理为制造在组织工程、软体机器人和主动医疗植入中的应用的驱动材料提供了指导。

[845] Dual-Gradient Enabled Ultrafast Biomimetic Snapping of Hydrogel Materials Science Advances, 2019, 5(4): 7174-7179. The design of materials that can mimic the complex yet fast actuation phenomena in nature is important but challenging. Herein, we present a new paradigm for designing responsive hydrogel sheets that can exhibit ultrafast inverse snapping deformation. Dual-gradient structures of hydrogel sheets enable the accumulation of elastic energy in hydrogels by converting prestored energy and rapid reverse snapping (<1 s) to release the energy. By controlling the magnitude and location of energy prestored within the hydrogels, the snapping of hydrogel sheets can be programmed to achieve different structures and actuation behaviors. We have developed theoretical model to elucidate the crucial role of dual gradients and predict the snapping motion of various hydrogel materials. This new design principle provides guidance for fabricating actuation materials with applications in tissue engineering, soft robotics, and active medical implants.
[845] 双梯度赋能的超快仿生水凝胶断裂，材料科学进展，2019，5(4)：7174-7179。设计能够模仿自然界中复杂而快速驱动现象的材料具有重要意义但具有挑战性。在此，我们提出了一种设计响应性水凝胶薄片的新范式，这些薄片可以表现出超快反向断裂变形。水凝胶薄片的双梯度结构通过将预存储的能量和快速反向断裂（<1 秒）转化为释放能量的方式，使水凝胶中积累弹性能量。通过控制水凝胶内预存储能量的幅度和位置，可以编程水凝胶薄片的断裂以实现不同的结构和驱动行为。我们开发了理论模型来阐明双梯度在其中的关键作用，并预测各种水凝胶材料的断裂运动。这一新的设计原理为制造在组织工程、软体机器人和主动医疗植入中的应用的驱动材料提供了指导。

[846] Color Tunable Pressure Sensors Based on Polymer Nanostructured Membranes for Optofluidic Applications Scientific Reports, 2019, 9(1): 3259. We demonstrate an integrated optical pressure sensing platform for multiplexed optofluidics applications. The sensing platform consists in an array of elastomeric on-side nanostructured membranes - effectively 2D photonic crystal-which present colour shifts in response to mechanical stress that alter their nanostructure characteristical dimensions, pitch or orientation. The photonic membranes are prepared by a simple and cost-effective method based on the infiltration of a 2D colloidal photonic crystal (CPC) with PDMS and their integration with a microfluidic system. We explore the changes in the white light diffraction produced by the nanostructured membranes when varying the pneumatic pressure in the microfluidics channels as a way to achieve a power-free array of pressure sensors that change their reflective colour depending on the bending produced on each sensor. The structural characterization of these membranes was performed by SEM, while the optical properties and the pressure-colour relation were evaluated via UV-Vis reflection spectrometry. Maximum sensitivities of 0.17 kPa(-1) is obtained when measuring at Littrow configuration (theta(in) = -theta(out)), and close to the border of the membranes. The reflected colour change with pressure is as well monitorized by using a smartphone camera.
基于聚合物纳米结构膜的彩色可调压力传感器，用于光流体学应用——科学报告，2019，9(1)：3259。我们展示了一个用于复用光流体学应用的集成光学压力传感平台。该传感平台由一系列弹性体侧向纳米结构膜组成——实际上是二维光子晶体，它们在机械应力作用下表现出颜色变化，从而改变其纳米结构特征尺寸、间距或方向。光子膜是通过一种简单且经济的基于二维胶体光子晶体（CPC）浸渗 PDMS 的方法制备的，并将其与微流体系统集成。我们探索了在微流体通道中改变气动压力时，纳米结构膜产生的白光衍射变化，作为实现无需电源的压力传感器阵列的方法，这些传感器的反射颜色根据每个传感器上的弯曲程度而变化。 这些膜的微观结构表征是通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）完成的，而光学性质和压力-颜色关系则是通过紫外-可见反射光谱法进行评估。在 Littrow 配置（入射角等于出射角）下测量时，获得的最大灵敏度达到 0.17 kPa(-1)，并且接近膜边缘。同时，通过使用智能手机摄像头对压力引起的反射颜色变化也进行了监控。

[847] Programmable Crispr-Responsive Smart Materials Science, 2019, 365(6455): 780-+. Stimuli-responsive materials activated by biological signals play an increasingly important role in biotechnology applications. We exploit the programmability of CRISPR-associated nucleases to actuate hydrogels containing DNA as a structural element or as an anchor for pendant groups. After activation by guide RNA-defined inputs, Cas12a cleaves DNA in the gels, thereby converting biological information into changes in material properties. We report four applications: (i) branched poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels releasing DNA-anchored compounds, (ii) degradable polyacrylamide-DNA hydrogels encapsulating nanoparticles and live cells, (iii) conductive carbon-black-DNA hydrogels acting as degradable electrical fuses, and (iv) a polyacrylamide-DNA hydrogel operating as a fluidic valve with an electrical readout for remote signaling. These materials allow for a range of in vitro applications in tissue engineering, bioelectronics, and diagnostics.
[847] 可编程 CRISPR 响应智能材料科学，2019，365(6455)：780-+. 受生物信号激活的刺激响应材料在生物技术应用中发挥着越来越重要的作用。我们利用 CRISPR 相关核酸酶的可编程性来激活含有 DNA 作为结构元件或锚定基团的凝胶。在由引导 RNA 定义的输入激活后，Cas12a 在凝胶中切割 DNA，从而将生物信息转化为材料性质的变化。我们报道了四种应用：（i）释放 DNA 锚定化合物的分支聚乙二醇水凝胶，（ii）封装纳米颗粒和活细胞的可降解聚丙烯酰胺-DNA 水凝胶，（iii）作为可降解电熔丝的导电炭黑-DNA 水凝胶，以及（iv）作为具有电读出功能的远程信号流体阀的聚丙烯酰胺-DNA 水凝胶。这些材料允许在组织工程、生物电子学和诊断学中进行一系列体外应用。

[848] Dumanli A G, Savin T: Biomimetics of Structural Colours: Materials, Methods and Applications, Hall S R, editor, Bioinspired Inorganic Materials: Structure and Function, 2019: 167-238. [849] Chameleon-Inspired Strain-Accommodating Smart Skin ACS Nano, 2019, 13(9): 9918-9926. Stimuli-responsive color-changing hydrogels, commonly colored using embedded photonic crystals (PCs), have potential applications ranging from chemical sensing to camouflage and anti-counterfeiting. A major limitation in these PC hydrogels is that they require significant deformation (>20%) in order to change the PC lattice constant and generate an observable chromatic shift (similar to 100 nm). By analyzing the mechanism of how chameleon skin changes color, we developed a strain-accommodating smart skin (SASS), which maintains near-constant size during chromatic shifting. SASS is composed of two types of hydrogels: a stimuli-responsive, PC-containing hydrogel that is patterned within a second hydrogel with robust mechanical properties, which permits strain accommodation. In contrast to conventional "accordion"-type PC responsive hydrogels, SASS maintains near-constant volume during chromatic shifting. Importantly, SASS materials are stretchable (strain similar to 150%), amenable to patterning, spectrally tunable, and responsive to both heat and natural sunlight. We demonstrate examples of using SASS for biomimicry. Our strategy, to embed responsive materials within a mechanically matched scaffolding polymer, provides a general framework to guide the future design of artificial smart skins.
[848] 杜曼利 A G, 萨文 T: 结构色仿生学：材料、方法与应用，霍尔 S R，编者，生物启发无机材料：结构与功能，2019：167-238. [849] 鹰眼仿生应变适应智能皮肤 ACS Nano，2019，13(9)：9918-9926。刺激响应变色水凝胶，通常使用嵌入的光子晶体（PCs）着色，其潜在应用范围从化学传感到伪装和防伪。这些 PC 水凝胶的一个主要局限性是，为了改变 PC 晶格常数并产生可观察的色相变化（类似于 100 nm），它们需要显著的变形（>20%）。通过分析变色蜥蜴皮肤变色的机制，我们开发了一种应变适应智能皮肤（SASS），在色相变化过程中保持接近恒定的尺寸。SASS 由两种水凝胶组成：一种包含 PC 的刺激响应水凝胶，在具有良好机械性能的第二种水凝胶中进行图案化，允许应变适应。与传统的“手风琴”型 PC 响应水凝胶相比，SASS 在色相变化过程中保持接近恒定的体积。 重要的是，SASS 材料具有可拉伸性（应变类似 150%），易于图案化，光谱可调，对热和自然阳光都有响应。我们展示了使用 SASS 进行仿生学的例子。我们的策略是将响应性材料嵌入到与机械相匹配的支架聚合物中，为未来人工智能皮肤的工程设计提供了一个通用框架。

[850] Dey S, Shi Y, Smith K, et al. Safer Batteries Via Active Fault Tolerant Control[C]. 2019 American Control Conference (ACC), 2019: 1561-1566. [851] Datta B C, Jolly S K, Bove V M, Jr.: Towards Inverse Design of Biomimetic Nanostructures Exhibiting Composite Structural Coloration, Vonfreymann G, Schoenfeld W V, Rumpf R C, editor, Advanced Fabrication Technologies for Micro/Nano Optics and Photonics Xii, 2019. [852] A Review of the Capacitive Mems for Seismology Sensors, 2019, 19(14): 3093.
[850] Dey S, Shi Y, Smith K, et al. 通过主动容错控制实现更安全的电池[C]. 2019 年美国控制会议（ACC），2019: 1561-1566. [851] Datta B C, Jolly S K, Bove V M, Jr.：向仿生纳米结构逆向设计迈进，表现出复合结构色彩，Vonfreymann G，Schoenfeld W V，Rumpf R C，编辑，先进微/纳光学和光子学制造技术 Xii，2019. [852] 关于地震学传感器电容式 MEMS 的综述，2019，19(14): 3093。

[853] Photoresponsive Nanometer-Scale Iron Alginate Hydrogels: A Study of Gel-Sol Transition Using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance Langmuir, 2019, 35(35): 11397-11405. Alginate/Fe3+ hydrogels were fabricated on hyaluronic acid (HA) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) multilayers to yield photoresponsive nanometer-scale hydrogels. Light irradiation of the resulting hydrogels induced the photoreduction of "hard" Fe3+ to "soft" Fe2+ cations, leading to changes in the mechanical properties of the hydrogels related to their cross-linking behavior. The buildup and the phototriggered response of the supported alginate hydrogels were followed in situ with a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) using an open cell allowing light irradiation from an LED source on top of the hydrogel. The results were correlated to the release profiles of folic acid, employed herein as a drug model, obtained from light-irradiated supported iron alginate hydrogels.
光响应纳米级铁藻酸盐水凝胶：石英晶体微天平研究凝胶-溶过渡 Langmuir，2019，35(35)：11397-11405。在透明质酸（HA）和聚（丙烯胺盐酸盐）（PAH）多层膜上制备了藻酸盐/Fe3+水凝胶，以产生光响应纳米级水凝胶。对所得水凝胶进行光照照射，导致“硬”Fe3+光还原为“软”Fe2+阳离子，从而引起水凝胶机械性能的变化，这些变化与它们的交联行为有关。使用开放式细胞，通过石英晶体微天平（QCM）原位跟踪了支撑藻酸盐水凝胶的积累和光触发的响应，允许从 LED 光源照射到水凝胶上。结果与光照射支撑铁藻酸盐水凝胶获得的叶酸释放谱相关联，其中叶酸在此用作药物模型。

[854] The Behavior of Ions in Water Is Controlled by Their Water Affinity Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics, 2019, 52: e11. The strong, long-range electrostatic forces described by Coulomb's law disappear for ions in water, and the behavior of these ions is instead controlled by their water affinity - a weak, short-range force which arises from their charge density. This was established experimentally in the mid-1980s by size-exclusion chromatography on carefully calibrated Sephadex (R) G-10 (which measures the effective volume and thus the water affinity of an ion) and by neutron diffraction with isotopic substitution (which measures the density and orientation of water molecules near the diffracting ion and thus its water affinity). These conclusions have been confirmed more recently by molecular dynamics simulations, which explicitly model each individual water molecule. This surprising change in force regime occurs because the oppositely charged ions in aqueous salt solutions exist functionally as ion pairs (separated by 0, 1 or 2 water molecules) as has now been shown by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy; this cancels out the strong long-range electrostatic forces and allows the weak, short-range water affinity effects to come to the fore. This microscopic structure of aqueous salt solutions is not captured by models utilizing a macroscopic dielectric constant. Additionally, the Law of Matching Water Affinity, first described in 1997 and 2004, establishes that contact ion pair formation is controlled by water affinity and is a major determinant of the solubility of charged species since only a net neutral species can change phases.
[854] 水中离子的行为受其水亲和力控制，《生物物理学季刊》，2019，52：e11。库仑定律描述的强大、长程静电作用力在水中消失，这些离子的行为反而受其水亲和力控制——这是一种弱、短程力，源于其电荷密度。这一结论在 20 世纪 80 年代中期通过精确校准的 Sephadex（R）G-10（测量离子的有效体积从而测量其水亲和力）的尺寸排阻色谱和同位素替代的中子衍射（测量衍射离子附近水分子的密度和取向从而测量其水亲和力）实验中得到证实。这些结论最近通过分子动力学模拟得到进一步证实，该模拟明确地模拟了每个单独的水分子。 这种力的状态变化之所以令人惊讶，是因为水溶液中的带相反电荷的离子功能上作为离子对（由 0、1 或 2 个水分子隔开）存在，这一点现在已经通过介电弛豫光谱得到证实；这消除了强烈的远程静电作用力，使得弱而短程的水亲和力效应凸显出来。这种水溶液的微观结构无法被利用宏观介电常数的模型所捕捉。此外，1997 年和 2004 年首次描述的“匹配水亲和力定律”确立了接触离子对的形成受水亲和力控制，并且是带电物种溶解度的主要决定因素，因为只有净中性物种才能改变相态。

[855] Hollow Silica Opals/Cellulose Acetate Nanocomposite Films with Structural Colors for Anti-Counterfeiting of Banknotes Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2019, 7(24): 7411-7417. Utilizing biomass materials to construct photonic bandgap materials has attracted increasing attention due to their environmental friendliness. In this work, we introduced biodegradable cellulose acetate to the interstice of hollow silica 3D photonic crystals (PCs) for building hollow silica opals/cellulose acetate nanocomposite films. In the films, the hollow silica 3D PCs offered well-ordered arrays for producing structural colors. Cellulose acetate with excellent film forming ability served as a matrix endowing the PCs frameworks with mechanical stability, including flexibility, robust tensile strength and the ability of repetitive bending. The prepared colored composite films possessed high transparency and can work as anti-counterfeiting labels for banknotes when patterned by a facile mask method. Compared with other reported PCs which are responsive to external stimuli in the field of anti-counterfeiting, these films have the advantage of quick color-transparency switching just by changing the viewing angle. Except for application in security materials, the colored composite films also showed potential as package materials due to their biodegradability.
[855] 具有结构色的空心二氧化硅/纤维素醋酸酯纳米复合材料薄膜用于钞票防伪，《材料化学 C》期刊，2019，7(24)：7411-7417。利用生物质材料构建光子带隙材料因其环保性而越来越受到关注。在本研究中，我们将生物可降解的纤维素醋酸酯引入到空心二氧化硅 3D 光子晶体（PCs）的间隙中，以构建空心二氧化硅蛋白石/纤维素醋酸酯纳米复合材料薄膜。在薄膜中，空心二氧化硅 3D PCs 提供了有序排列，用于产生结构色。具有优异成膜能力的纤维素醋酸酯作为基质，赋予 PCs 框架机械稳定性，包括柔韧性、强拉伸强度和重复弯曲的能力。制备的彩色复合材料薄膜具有高透明度，当通过简便的掩模方法进行图案化时，可作为钞票防伪标签。 与其他报道的、对反伪造领域外部刺激有响应的 PC 相比，这些薄膜具有通过改变观看角度就能实现快速颜色-透明度切换的优势。除了在安全材料中的应用外，这些彩色复合薄膜由于其生物降解性，也显示出作为包装材料的潜力。

[856] Hydrocipher: Bioinspired Dynamic Structural Color‐Based Cryptographic Surface Advanced Optical Materials, 2019, 8(1).
[856] 水晶：基于生物启发动态结构色的加密表面，先进光学材料，2019，8(1)。

[857] Highly Stretchable Photonic Crystal Hydrogels for a Sensitive Mechanochromic Sensor and Direct Ink Writing Chemistry of Materials, 2019, 31(21): 8918-8926. Photonic crystals, which are materials with periodic dielectric constants on the submicroscale, have been the focus of research for an extended period. Photonic soft materials have been extensively developed for use as colorimetric indicators and mechanochromic sensors, but their limited mechanical properties and molding characteristics only suitable for films restrict their practical implementation. Herein we report an approach to synthesize highly stretchable photonic soft materials based on a hydrogel system that is cross-linked by a crystalline colloidal array. The intrinsic inhomogeneous submicroscale structure is exploited for effective reinforcement in the multiphase system of the photonic crystals. The photonic hydrogels exhibit a high deformation capacity, with a stretching deformation above 2800% and compression above 98%. The gel has a full-color tunable range and shows 460 nm photonic shifts that can be reversibly actuated by a small compressive stress (kPa level) and can be ink-written to form patterns and freestanding structures. Mechanochromic sensors are constructed based on the three-dimensional and two-dimensional Bragg diffraction of the gel. Owing to its mechanical strength, formability, and tunable colors, the gel can be used in wearable optical devices, colorimetric tactile sensors, and full-color displays.
高延展性光子晶体水凝胶：用于敏感的机械色变传感器和直接墨水书写材料化学，2019，31(21)：8918-8926。光子晶体，即亚微米尺度上具有周期性介电常数的材料，一直是研究的热点。光子软材料已被广泛开发用于作为比色指示剂和机械色变传感器，但它们的有限机械性能和成型特性仅适用于薄膜，限制了其实际应用。在此，我们报道了一种基于晶态胶体阵列交联的水凝胶系统合成高延展性光子软材料的方法。利用其固有的非均匀亚微米结构，在光子晶体的多相体系中实现有效增强。光子水凝胶表现出高变形能力，拉伸变形超过 2800%，压缩超过 98%。 凝胶具有全彩可调范围，并显示出 460 nm 的光子位移，这些位移可以通过小压缩应力（kPa 级别）可逆地激活，并且可以通过墨水书写形成图案和独立结构。机械色变传感器是基于凝胶的三维和二维布拉格衍射构建的。由于其机械强度、可塑性和可调颜色，该凝胶可用于可穿戴光学设备、比色触觉传感器和全彩显示屏。

[858] Thermal- and Salt-Activated Shape Memory Hydrogels Based on a Gelatin/Polyacrylamide Double Network Rsc Advances, 2019, 9(32): 18619-18626. Shape memory hydrogels have been extensively studied in the past decades owing to their exceptionally promising potential in a wide range of applications. Here, we present a gelatin/polyacrylamide double network hydrogel with thermal- and salt-activated shape memory effect. The thermally activated behavior is attributed to the reversible triple helix transformation of gelatin, and the salt-activated performance can be ascribed to the formation of hydrophobic interaction domains under the Hofmeister effect. The hydrogel can memorize a temporary shape successfully through soaking with (NH4)(2)SO4 solution or decreasing temperature, and recovers its permanent shape by extracting ions with deionized water or increasing temperature. In particular, the hydrogel exhibits excellent shape fixity and recovery ratio. The presented strategy may enrich the construction as well as application of biopolymer based shape memory hydrogels.
基于明胶/聚丙烯酰胺双网络的热盐激活形状记忆水凝胶 Rsc Advances, 2019, 9(32): 18619-18626。形状记忆水凝胶在过去几十年中得到了广泛研究，因为它们在众多应用中具有极其有前景的潜力。在这里，我们介绍了一种具有热盐激活形状记忆效应的明胶/聚丙烯酰胺双网络水凝胶。热激活行为归因于明胶的可逆三螺旋转变，而盐激活性能可归因于霍夫迈斯特效应下疏水相互作用域的形成。该水凝胶可以通过浸泡在(NH4)2SO4 溶液中或降低温度来成功记忆临时形状，并通过用去离子水提取离子或提高温度来恢复其永久形状。特别是，该水凝胶表现出优异的形状固定性和恢复率。所提出的策略可能丰富基于生物聚合物形状记忆水凝胶的构建及其应用。

[859] Pressure-Responsive Hierarchical Chiral Photonic Aerogels Advanced Materials, 2019, 31(21): e1808186. Pressure-responsive chiral photonic aerogels are fabricated by combining liquid crystal self-assembly and ice-templating processes. The aerogels have a hierarchical structure in which the primary 2D chiral nematic structured walls of cellulose nanocrystals form ribbons that support a secondary 3D cellular network. Owing to the flexibility of the aerogels in solvent, the 3D structure of the aerogel can easily be transformed to a 2D structure by pressure-induced rearrangement. The aerogels vary from white in color, which arises from light scattering, to a reflective photonic crystal displaying bright iridescent colors that depend on the immersed solvent. A solvent-sensitive ink that shows quick color response to different solvents is designed using the pressure-responsive photonic aerogel. This material demonstrates a new response mechanism for the design of smart and mechanoresponsive photonic materials.
[859] 压力响应性分层手性光子气凝胶 高级材料，2019，31(21)：e1808186。通过结合液晶自组装和冰模板工艺制备了压力响应性手性光子气凝胶。气凝胶具有分层结构，其中纤维素纳米晶体的主要二维手性向列相结构壁形成带状物，支撑着次级三维蜂窝状网络。由于气凝胶在溶剂中的柔韧性，通过压力诱导的重排，气凝胶的三维结构可以轻易地转变为二维结构。气凝胶的颜色从由光散射引起的白色变化到具有明亮彩虹色的反射光子晶体，这种颜色取决于浸没的溶剂。使用压力响应性光子气凝胶设计了一种对溶剂敏感的墨水，该墨水对不同溶剂表现出快速的颜色响应。这种材料展示了智能和机械响应光子材料设计的新响应机制。

[860] Pei-Modified Cmkgm/Go Porous Biocomposite for Superior Removal of Pb(Ii) Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, 2019, 64(12): 5622-5629. Using polyethylenimine-modified carboxylmethyl konjac glucomannan as a matrix and graphene oxide as nanofillers, a novel porous biocomposite named as PCGt was synthesized by a facile chemical cross-linking method. The structure of prepared PCGt was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Batch adsorption experiments was designed to exploit key factors on Pb(II) removal such as the pH, dose, contact time, initial concentration, and temperature. According to the data from pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm models, the adsorption process was controlled by chemisorption and occurred on heterogeneous surfaces. The maximum adsorption capacity of PCGt on Pb(II) was up to 977 mg g(-1) at 303.15 K. In thermodynamic analysis, positive enthalpy change and negative Gibbs free energy change exposed that the adsorption was endothermic and spontaneous at 308.15 K. The recyclability of PCGt was confirmed by leaching and desorption experiments. The adsorption mechanism was proposed that the chemical complexation between Pb(II) with the functional groups on PCGt. All outcomes effectively revealed that the biocomposite PCGt was a good candidate to remove Pb(II) from aqueous solution for the waste disposal industry.
[860] 改性聚乙烯亚胺羧甲基魔芋甘露聚糖/石墨烯氧化物的 Pei 改性 Cmkgm/Go 多孔生物复合材料，用于 Pb(Ii)的高效去除，《化学与工程数据杂志》，2019，64(12)：5622-5629。以改性聚乙烯亚胺羧甲基魔芋甘露聚糖为基质，石墨烯氧化物为纳米填料，通过简便的化学交联法制备了一种名为 PCGt 的新型多孔生物复合材料。通过扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、热重分析和 X 射线光电子能谱对制备的 PCGt 结构进行了表征。设计了批次吸附实验，以研究 pH 值、剂量、接触时间、初始浓度和温度等关键因素对 Pb(II)去除的影响。根据伪二级动力学和 Freundlich 等温线模型的数据，吸附过程受化学吸附控制，发生在非均匀表面上。PCGt 对 Pb(II)的最大吸附容量在 303.15 K 时达到 977 mg g(-1)。在热力学分析中，正的焓变和负的吉布斯自由能变表明，在 308.15 K 时吸附是吸热和自发的。 PCGt 的可回收性通过浸出和吸附实验得到证实。提出了吸附机制，即 Pb(II)与 PCGt 上的官能团之间的化学络合。所有结果有效地揭示了生物复合材料 PCGt 是去除废液中的 Pb(II)用于废物处理行业的良好候选材料。

[861] Cellulose Nanocrystal Elastomers with Reversible Visible Color Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2019, 59(1): 226-231. Responsive photonic crystals have potential applications in mechanical sensors and soft displays; however, new materials are constantly desired to provide new innovations and improve on existing technologies. To address this, we report stretchable chiral nematic cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) elastomer composites that exhibit reversible visible color upon the application of mechanical stress. When stretched (or compressed) the colorless materials maintain their chiral nematic structure but the helical pitch is reduced into the visible region, resulting in coloration of the CNC-elastomer composite. By increasing the percentage elongation of the material (ca. 50-300 %), the structural color can be tuned from red to blue. The color of the materials was characterized by reflectance optical microscopy and reflectance circular dichroism to confirm the wavelength and polarization of the reflected light. We also probed the mechanism of the structural color using 2D-X-ray diffraction. Finally, by either water-patterning the starting CNC film, or by forming a CNC film with gradient color, through masked evaporation, we were able to prepare encoded stretchable chiral nematic CNC-elastomers.
[861] 可逆可见色纤维素纳米晶体弹性体 Angewandte Chemie International Edition，2019，59(1): 226-231。响应性光子晶体在机械传感器和柔性显示器中具有潜在应用；然而，始终需要新的材料来提供新的创新并改进现有技术。为了解决这个问题，我们报道了一种可拉伸的手性向列纤维素纳米晶体（CNC）弹性体复合材料，在施加机械应力时表现出可逆的可见色。当拉伸（或压缩）时，无色材料保持其手性向列结构，但螺旋节距减小到可见区域，导致 CNC-弹性体复合材料的着色。通过增加材料的伸长率（约 50-300%），结构色可以从红色调谐到蓝色。使用反射光学显微镜和反射圆二色性对材料的颜色进行了表征，以确认反射光的波长和偏振。我们还使用 2D-X 射线衍射研究了结构色的机制。 最后，通过水纹图案化起始 CNC 薄膜或通过掩模蒸发形成具有渐变色的 CNC 薄膜，我们能够制备编码的可拉伸手性液晶 CNC 弹性体。

[862] Full-Colour Nanoprint-Hologram Synchronous Metasurface with Arbitrary Hue-Saturation-Brightness Control Light-Science & Applications, 2019, 8(1). The colour gamut, a two-dimensional (2D) colour space primarily comprising hue and saturation (HS), lays the most important foundation for the colour display and printing industries. Recently, the metasurface has been considered a promising paradigm for nanoprinting and holographic imaging, demonstrating a subwavelength image resolution, a flat profile, high durability, and multi-functionalities. Much effort has been devoted to broaden the 2D HS plane, also known as the CIE map. However, the brightness (B), as the carrier of chiaroscuro information, has long been neglected in metasurface-based nanoprinting or holograms due to the challenge in realising arbitrary and simultaneous control of full-colour HSB tuning in a passive device. Here, we report a dielectric metasurface made of crystal silicon nanoblocks, which achieves not only tailorable coverage of the primary colours red, green and blue (RGB) but also intensity control of the individual colours. The colour gamut is hence extruded from the 2D CIE to a complete 3D HSB space. Moreover, thanks to the independent control of the RGB intensity and phase, we further show that a single-layer silicon metasurface could simultaneously exhibit arbitrary HSB colour nanoprinting and a full-colour hologram image. Our findings open up possibilities for high-resolution and high-fidelity optical security devices as well as advanced cryptographic approaches.
[862] 全彩纳米打印全息同步超表面，具有任意色调-饱和度-亮度控制，光科学与应用，2019，8(1)。色域，主要由色调和饱和度（HS）组成的二维（2D）色彩空间，是色彩显示和印刷行业最重要的基础。最近，超表面被认为是一种有希望的纳米打印和全息成像范例，展示了亚波长图像分辨率、平坦轮廓、高耐用性和多功能性。人们投入了大量努力来拓宽二维 HS 平面，也称为 CIE 图。然而，由于在无源设备中实现全色 HSB 调谐的任意和同时控制具有挑战性，亮度（B）作为明暗信息的载体，在基于超表面的纳米打印或全息图中一直被忽视。在这里，我们报道了一种由晶体硅纳米块制成的介电超表面，不仅实现了对红、绿、蓝（RGB）三原色的可调覆盖，还对单个颜色进行了强度控制。因此，色域从二维 CIE 扩展到完整的 3D HSB 空间。 此外，得益于对 RGB 强度和相位的独立控制，我们进一步表明，单层硅超表面可以同时展示任意 HSB 颜色纳米印刷和全彩全息图像。我们的发现为高分辨率和高保真光学安全设备和先进的加密方法开辟了可能性。

[863] Responsive Amorphous Photonic Structures of Spherical/Polyhedral Colloidal Metal–Organic Frameworks Advanced Optical Materials, 2019, 7(13). Amorphous photonic structures (APSs) with isotropic structural colors are of great promise for creating reflective full-color displays or responsive colorimetric devices. However, there is a lack of guiding principles in developing stimuli-responsive functional APSs, and the building blocks of APSs are still limited to spherical particles despite the increasing emergence of anisotropic functional particles. Moreover, current production of APSs, in particular high-resolution APS patterns, is not fundamentally compatible with industrial manufacturing technologies, forming a major barrier toward their applications. Presented here is a proof-of-concept study on scalable fabrication of responsive APSs by colloidal assembly of spherical/polyhedral metal-organic framework (MOF) particles on liquid-permeable substrates. It is shown that infiltration assisted Mayer rod coating allows for rapid production of customized multicolored structural color patterns of MOF APSs by controlling liquid wetting/infiltration on the substrate with printed wax coatings. Small-angle X-ray scattering and optical measurements reveal the structural parameters of MOF APSs such as average nearest interscattering spacing and particle packing density, theoretically relating the optical properties and responsive color shifts of MOF APSs to factors affecting their scattering profile, which provides the guideline for the development of smart APS photonic devices via a wide spectrum of colloidal particles for diverse applications.
[863] 球形/多面体胶体金属-有机框架的响应性非晶态光子结构 高级光学材料，2019，7(13)。具有各向同性结构色的非晶态光子结构（APSs）在创建反射全彩显示屏或响应式色度计方面具有巨大潜力。然而，在开发刺激响应性功能 APSs 方面缺乏指导原则，并且 APSs 的构建块仍然仅限于球形颗粒，尽管各向异性功能颗粒的出现越来越多。此外，目前 APSs 的生产，尤其是高分辨率 APS 图案的生产，与工业制造技术根本不兼容，成为其应用的主要障碍。本文提出了一种概念验证研究，通过在液体渗透性基板上通过胶体组装球形/多面体金属-有机框架（MOF）颗粒来可扩展地制造响应性 APSs。 研究表明，通过控制基底上的液态润湿/渗透，辅助 Mayer 棒涂层可以实现 MOF APSs 的定制多彩结构色图案的快速生产。小角 X 射线散射和光学测量揭示了 MOF APSs 的结构参数，如平均最近散射间距和颗粒堆积密度，从理论上将 MOF APSs 的光学特性和响应色移与影响其散射轮廓的因素联系起来，为通过广泛光谱的胶体粒子开发智能 APS 光子器件提供了指导，适用于各种应用。

[864] DeterminaÇÃo De Al3+, Fe3+ E Cu2+ Presentes Em Sombras De Maquiagem Por Espectrofotometria Uv-Vis: Uma Proposta De Experimento Contextual Em NÍvel Superior De Ensino Quimica Nova, 2019.
[864] 通过紫外-可见光谱法测定化妆品中的 Al3+、Fe3+和 Cu2+：一个化学新课程高级水平实验方案，2019 年。

[865] Cosmetics in Use: A Pharmacological Review Journal of Dermatology & Cosmetology, 2019, 3(2): 50-67.
[865] 使用中的化妆品：药理学综述，皮肤病学与美容学杂志，2019 年，3(2)：50-67。

[866] 光子晶体纤维素膜检测二氧化硫气体 分析化学, 2018, 46(09): 1472-1478.
[866] 光子晶体纤维素膜检测二氧化硫气体，分析化学，2018 年，46(09)：1472-1478。

[867] Temperature-Sensitive Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide)/Konjac Glucomannan/Graphene Oxide Composite Membranes with Improved Mechanical Property, Swelling Capability, and Degradability International Journal of Polymer Science, 2018, 2018: 1-10. Temperature-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/konjac glucomannan/graphene oxide (PNIPAM/KGM/GO) composite membranes were prepared by solution blending using calcium ions as a cross-linker. The composite membranes were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The swelling, mechanical property, phase transformation behaviors, and enzymatic degradation activities were also determined. Results revealed that the phase transition temperatures of all the composite membranes were approximately 35 degrees C. The PNIPAM/KGM/GO composite membranes showed enhanced mechanical property. The swelling behavior and enzymatic degradation of the PNIPAM/KGM/GO composite membranes improved compared with those of conventional PNIPAM hydrogel and PNIPAM/KGM composite membranes. Thus, the PNIPAM/KGM/GO composite membranes have potential applications in the biomedical field as skin dressings.
温度敏感型聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)/魔芋甘露聚糖/氧化石墨烯复合膜，具有改进的机械性能、溶胀能力和降解性，国际聚合物科学杂志，2018 年，2018: 1-10。通过使用钙离子作为交联剂，通过溶液混合法制备了温度敏感型聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)/魔芋甘露聚糖/氧化石墨烯（PNIPAM/KGM/GO）复合膜。复合膜通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）、X 射线衍射（XRD）、拉曼光谱（Raman）和差示扫描量热法（DSC）进行了表征。还确定了溶胀、机械性能、相变行为和酶降解活性。结果表明，所有复合膜的相变温度约为 35 摄氏度。PNIPAM/KGM/GO 复合膜显示出增强的机械性能。与传统的 PNIPAM 水凝胶和 PNIPAM/KGM 复合膜相比，PNIPAM/KGM/GO 复合膜的溶胀行为和酶降解性得到了改善。 因此，PNIPAM/KGM/GO 复合膜在生物医学领域作为皮肤敷料具有潜在应用价值。

[868] Modifications of Konjac Glucomannan for Diverse Applications Food Chemistry, 2018, 256: 419-426. Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a major polysaccharide from the corm of Amorphophallus konjac. Native KGM has limited uses and has been chemically/physically/enzymatically modified to expand the range of functional properties. This mini-review summarises the recent advances of modifying KGM for diverse food and nonfood applications, focusing on the chemical and physical modifications. The chemical methods include substitution, grafting, cross-linking, oxidation, and deacetylation, whereas the physical modifications are electrospinning, microfluidic spinning, gamma-irradiation, extrusion, and electric field processing. The modified KGM has been used in a range of different applications, including biodegradable film, emulsion, medical and pharmaceutical material, encapsulation and controlled release, fish feed and functional food ingredient, separation medium, aerogel, liquid crystal, absorbent for removal of pollutants in waste water, and so on. These KGM-based products tend to be biodegradable, biocompatible, and non-toxic with improved functional performance.
[868] 芋粉甘露聚糖的改性及其在多种应用中的研究进展 食品化学，2018，256：419-426。芋粉甘露聚糖（KGM）是芋块茎中的一种主要多糖。原生 KGM 用途有限，已通过化学/物理/酶法改性以扩大其功能性特性的范围。本综述总结了最近对 KGM 进行改性以应用于多种食品和非食品领域的最新进展，重点关注化学和物理改性。化学方法包括取代、接枝、交联、氧化和脱乙酰化，而物理改性包括静电纺丝、微流控纺丝、γ射线照射、挤压和电场处理。改性 KGM 已被用于多种不同的应用，包括生物降解薄膜、乳液、医疗和制药材料、包封和缓释、鱼饲料和功能性食品配料、分离介质、气凝胶、液晶、用于去除废水中污染物的吸附剂等。这些基于 KGM 的产品通常具有生物降解性、生物相容性和非毒性，并具有改进的功能性能。

[869] Fabrication of Bioinspired Hierarchical Functional Structures by Using Honeycomb Films as Templates Advanced Functional Materials, 2018, 28(37): 1803194. A facile approach to the fabrication of bioinspired hierarchical functional structures by using honeycomb films with controllable micropores as templates is described here. Taking advantage of the breath figure method, honeycomb films with manipulable micropores can be conveniently fabricated by modulating the experimental conditions such as duration of the moist gas flow, temperature, and stretching of the film, which further serve as templates to induce the assembly of subsequently introduced silica nanoparticles for the construction of hierarchical functional structures in a controlled fashion. The resultant hierarchical functional structures not only present a viewing angle independent property, but also exhibit improved hydrophobicity and unique wetting behaviors depending on the morphologies of their building units. It is believed that the work will provide plenty of inspiration for the fabrication of novel high-performance optical devices for display, as well as functionalized surfaces for waterproof and self-cleaning.
[869] 利用蜂窝薄膜作为模板制备生物启发式分层功能结构的研究进展 高性能材料，2018，28(37)：1803194。本文介绍了一种利用具有可控微孔的蜂窝薄膜作为模板制备生物启发式分层功能结构的简便方法。通过调节实验条件，如湿润气流时间、温度和薄膜拉伸，可以方便地制备出具有可操控微孔的蜂窝薄膜，这些薄膜进一步作为模板，诱导随后引入的二氧化硅纳米粒子的组装，以可控的方式构建分层功能结构。所得的分层功能结构不仅具有视角独立性，而且根据其构建单元的形态表现出改进的疏水性和独特的润湿行为。 人们相信这项工作将为制备新型高性能显示光学器件以及具有防水和自洁功能的表面提供大量灵感。

[870] Morphology Evolution and Gelation Mechanism of Alkali Induced Konjac Glucomannan Hydrogel Food Chemistry, 2018, 269: 80-88. A molecular-level mechanism of alkali induced konjac glucomannan (KGM) hydrogel gelation processing is considered with the application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) as complementary methods to diffusive wave spectroscopy (DWS) microrheology and thermoanalysis. It is shown that deacetylation of KGM chains occurs immediately upon mixing with Na2CO3, inducing self-packaging. Partial unfolding of the packed loose structure of dehydrated KGM is observed upon heating. The configuration transition from random coils to self-assembling filament networks takes place before KGM aggregating to form large irreversible bundles with a lower degree of cross-linking. The gelation is not fulfilled until the temperature is increased to above 70 degrees C when the significant agglomeration is initiated among transitional fibrils to form junction zones essentially composed of acetyl-free portions. This suggests the intermolecular aggregation of KGM chains not simply regarding to hydrogen bonds, but essentially relating to hydrophobic interactions.
[870] 钾离子诱导的魔芋甘露聚糖水凝胶的形态演变和凝胶机理 食品化学，2018，269：80-88。通过应用核磁共振（NMR）光谱和原子力显微镜（AFM）作为补充方法，结合扩散波光谱（DWS）微粘度测量和热分析，研究了碱诱导的魔芋甘露聚糖（KGM）水凝胶凝胶化过程的分子机制。结果表明，KGM 链在与 Na2CO3 混合时立即发生脱乙酰化，诱导自组装。加热时观察到脱水 KGM 紧密结构的部分展开。在 KGM 聚集形成具有较低交联度的较大不可逆束束之前，从无规卷曲到自组装丝状网络的构象转变发生。凝胶化过程在温度升高至 70°C 以上时才完成，此时过渡纤维之间开始出现显著的聚集，形成主要由无乙酰基部分组成的连接区域。 这表明 KGM 链的分子间聚集不仅与氢键有关，而本质上与疏水相互作用有关。

[871] Programmed Deformations of 3d-Printed Tough Physical Hydrogels with High Response Speed and Large Output Force Advanced Functional Materials, 2018, 28(37): 1803366. Shape-morphing hydrogels have emerging applications in biomedical devices, soft robotics, and so on. However, successful applications require a combination of excellent mechanical properties and fast responding speed, which are usually a trade-off in hydrogel-based devices. Here, a facile approach to fabricate 3D gel constructs by extrusion-based printing of tough physical hydrogels, which show programmable deformations with high response speed and large output force, is described. Highly viscoelastic poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) (P(AAc-co-AAm)) and poly(acrylic acid-co-N-isopropyl acrylamide) (P(AAc-co-NIPAm)) solutions or their mixtures are printed into 3D constructs by using multiple nozzles, which are then transferred into FeCl3 solution to gel the structures by forming robust carboxyl-Fe3+ coordination complexes. The printed gel fibers containing poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) segment exhibit considerable volume contraction in concentrated saline solution, whereas the P(AAc-co-AAm) ones do not contract. The mismatch in responsiveness of the gel fibers affords the integrated 3D gel constructs the shape-morphing ability. Because of the small diameter of gel fibers, the printed gel structures deform and recover with a fast speed. A four-armed gripper is designed to clamp plastic balls with considerable holding force, as large as 115 times the weight of the gripper. This strategy should be applicable to other tough hydrogels and broaden their applications.
[871] 具有高响应速度和大输出力的 3D 打印高强度物理水凝胶的程序变形 高性能材料，2018，28(37)：1803366。形状变形水凝胶在生物医学设备、软体机器人等领域具有新兴应用。然而，成功应用需要结合优异的机械性能和快速响应速度，这在基于水凝胶的设备中通常是相互矛盾的。在这里，描述了一种通过挤出打印高强度物理水凝胶来制备 3D 凝胶结构的方法，这些结构表现出可编程变形、高响应速度和大输出力。通过使用多个喷嘴将高度粘弹性的聚(丙烯酸-co-丙烯酰胺)（P(AAc-co-AAm)）和聚(丙烯酸-co-N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)（P(AAc-co-NIPAm)）溶液或其混合物打印成 3D 结构，然后将这些结构转移到 FeCl3 溶液中，通过形成坚固的羧基-Fe3+配位复合物来凝胶化结构。含有聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)段的水凝胶纤维在浓缩盐溶液中表现出显著的体积收缩，而 P(AAc-co-AAm)的水凝胶则不收缩。 凝胶纤维响应性的不匹配赋予了集成 3D 凝胶结构变形的能力。由于凝胶纤维直径小，打印的凝胶结构能够快速变形和恢复。设计了一个四臂夹爪，可以以相当大的握持力夹住塑料球，其重量是夹爪重量的 115 倍。这种策略应适用于其他坚韧水凝胶，并拓宽其应用范围。

[872] Dual-Programmable Shape-Morphing and Self-Healing Organohydrogels through Orthogonal Supramolecular Heteronetworks Advanced Materials, 2018, 30(51): 1804435. Programmable materials that can change their inherent shapes or properties are highly desirable due to their promising applications. However, among various programmable shape-morphing materials, the single control route allows temporary states to recover the unchangeable former state, thus lacking the sophisticated programmability for their shape-encoding behaviors and mechanics. Herein, dual-programmable shape-morphing organohydrogels featuring supramolecular heteronetworks are developed. In the system, the metallo-supramolecular hydrogel framework and micro-organogels featuring semicrystalline comb-type networks independently respond to different stimuli, thereby providing orthogonal dual-switching mechanics and ultrahigh mechanical strength. The supramolecular heteronetworks also possess excellent self-healing properties. More notably, such orthogonal supramolecular heteronetworks demonstrate hierarchical shape morphing performance that far exceeds conventional shape-morphing materials. Utilizing this dual programming strategy of the orthogonal supramolecular heteronetworks, the material's permanent shape can be manipulated in a step-wise shape morphing process, thereby realizing sophisticated shape changes with a high degree of freedom. The organohydrogels can act as a biomimetic smart device for the on-demand control of unidirectional liquid transport. Based on these characteristics, it is anticipated that the supramolecular organohydrogels may serve as adaptive programmable materials for a variety of applications.
通过正交超分子异网络实现的双可编程形状变形和自修复有机水凝胶 高分子材料科学，2018，30（51）：1804435。能够改变其固有形状或特性的可编程材料因其有前景的应用而备受青睐。然而，在各种可编程形状变形材料中，单一路径控制只能使临时状态恢复到不可改变的前一状态，因此缺乏对其形状编码行为和力学的高级可编程性。在此，开发了具有超分子异网络的双可编程形状变形有机水凝胶。在该系统中，金属超分子水凝胶框架和具有半晶态梳状网络的微有机凝胶独立响应不同的刺激，从而提供正交的双开关机制和超高机械强度。超分子异网络还具有良好的自修复性能。更重要的是，这种正交超分子异网络表现出超越传统形状变形材料的分级形状变形性能。 利用这种正交超分子异网络的双重编程策略，可以通过逐步的形状变形过程来操控材料的永久形状，从而实现具有高度自由度的复杂形状变化。有机水凝胶可以作为仿生智能设备，用于按需控制单向液体运输。基于这些特性，预计超分子有机水凝胶可能作为自适应可编程材料，适用于各种应用。

[873] Visual Multi-Triggered Sensor Based on Inverse Opal Hydrogel Colloids and Surfaces a-Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2018, 554: 93-99. Smart hydrogels are regarded as novel sensors due to large reversible volume change in response to external stimuli. Here we prepared a novel visual multi-triggered sensor based on inverse opal hydrogel (IOH) that responses to pH, temperature and light, respectively. The hydrogel was composed of hydrophilic pH and temperature responsive poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA), and light responsive spiropyran-containing segment. When the pH decreased, the sensor changed its structural color from blue to orange-red, and the structural color was reversibly recovered by increasing pH. In addition, the color of sensor can be controlled to change from green to violet while applying a temperature field. Furthermore, the reflection peak of IOH exhibited obvious shifted behavior by UV/visible irradiation. Repeated condition changes revealed that the sensor has a long lifetime.
[873] 基于逆光学水凝胶胶体和表面的视觉多触发传感器：物理化学和工程方面，2018，554：93-99。智能水凝胶因对外部刺激产生大的可逆体积变化而被视为新型传感器。在此，我们制备了一种基于逆光学水凝胶（IOH）的新型视觉多触发传感器，该传感器分别对 pH、温度和光做出响应。该水凝胶由亲水 pH 和温度响应性聚（二甲基氨基乙基）甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PDMAEMA）和光响应性螺吡喃段组成。当 pH 降低时，传感器结构颜色从蓝色变为橙红色，通过增加 pH 可逆地恢复结构颜色。此外，在施加温度场时，传感器的颜色可以控制从绿色变为紫色。此外，IOH 的反射峰在紫外/可见光照射下表现出明显的偏移行为。重复条件变化表明，该传感器具有较长的使用寿命。

[874] Highly Brilliant Noniridescent Structural Colors Enabled by Graphene Nanosheets Containing Graphene Quantum Dots Advanced Functional Materials, 2018, 28(29): 1802585. The most important properties of noniridescent structural colors of amorphous photonic structures (APS) are sufficient color brightness and saturation, which are difficult to be optimized simultaneously. Herein, highly saturated and brilliant noniridescent structural colors are achieved by introducing graphene nanosheets, which contain a fraction of graphene quantum dots (GQDs), into the short-range ordered APS. The effective modulation of the photoluminescence (PL) of GQDs by the selective enhancement of absorption at the blue pseudo photonic bandgap edges of the APS boosts the PL with wavelength matching that of the photonic bandgap and thus enables high structural color brightness; the uniform light absorption of graphene nanosheets in the whole visible spectra contributes to the high color saturation. Furthermore, by using APS films with short-range order as templates, a brilliant colorful humidity sensor is demonstrated. Compared with the conventional sensing platform based on photonic crystals, the humidity sensor with brilliant noniridescent structural colors is more convenient by avoiding the confusing color dependence on the viewing angles. The improvement in the structural color brightness of the APS films by facile graphene doping will facilitate their practical applications in fields of decorations, packaging, pigments, sensors, displays, or other color-related areas.
[874] 由含石墨烯量子点的石墨烯纳米片实现的高度明亮非衍射结构色，先进功能材料，2018，28(29)：1802585。非衍射结构色（APS）最重要的特性是足够的色彩亮度和饱和度，这两者难以同时优化。在此，通过将含有部分石墨烯量子点（GQDs）的石墨烯纳米片引入短程有序的 APS 中，实现了高度饱和和明亮的非衍射结构色。通过在 APS 的蓝色伪光子带隙边缘选择性地增强吸收，有效调制 GQDs 的发光（PL），提高了与光子带隙波长匹配的 PL，从而实现了高结构色亮度；石墨烯纳米片在整个可见光谱范围内的均匀光吸收有助于提高色彩饱和度。此外，利用具有短程有序的 APS 薄膜作为模板，演示了一种明亮的彩色湿度传感器。 与基于光子晶体的传统传感平台相比，具有鲜艳的非反光结构色的湿度传感器更加方便，因为它避免了因视角不同而导致的颜色依赖性混淆。通过简单石墨烯掺杂提高 APS 薄膜的结构色亮度将促进其在装饰、包装、颜料、传感器、显示屏或其他与颜色相关领域的实际应用。

[875] Polyampholyte Hydrogels with Ph Modulated Shape Memory and Spontaneous Actuation Advanced Functional Materials, 2018, 28(18): 1707245. Polyampholyte hydrogels are synthesized by one-step copolymerization of cationic monomer 3-(methacryloylamino)propyltrimethylammonium chloride, anionic monomers sodium p-styrenesulfonate (NaSS), and methacrylic acid (MAA) without chemical crosslinker and adding salts. The hydrogels exhibit pH responsive shape memory behavior; the temporary shape of the hydrogel is formed manually after immersing in NaOH solution and fixed in HCl solution, while the shape recovery occurs by immersing in NaOH again. Most interestingly, the hydrogel shows a spontaneous shape change after the first shape memory cycle. When the recovered hydrogel with a little residual deformation is immersed in HCl again, it twists spontaneously and rapidly to the previous temporary shape. The spontaneous twisting and recovering can be repeated for ten times. Furthermore, the hydrogel swells quickly and is strengthened in HCl, while shrinks and weakens in NaOH during the shape change procedure. This unique synergistic effect of fast swelling, residual helical deformation, and increased strength plays a significant role in the spontaneous shape alternation. This new finding will initiate a new prosperous design for new soft actuators requiring successive actions.
[875] 具有 pH 调节形状记忆和自驱动功能的聚多胺水凝胶，《先进功能材料》，2018，28(18)：1707245。聚多胺水凝胶通过一步共聚合成，使用阳离子单体 3-(甲基丙烯酰氨基)丙基三甲基氯化铵、阴离子单体钠基对苯乙烯磺酸盐（NaSS）和甲基丙烯酸（MAA），无需化学交联剂，并添加盐。水凝胶表现出 pH 响应的形状记忆行为；将水凝胶浸泡在 NaOH 溶液中后，通过手工形成临时形状，并在 HCl 溶液中固定，而形状恢复是通过再次浸泡在 NaOH 中实现的。最有趣的是，水凝胶在第一个形状记忆周期后表现出自发的形状变化。当具有少量残余变形的恢复水凝胶再次浸泡在 HCl 中时，它会自发且迅速地扭曲到之前的临时形状。这种自发的扭曲和恢复可以重复进行十次。此外，水凝胶在 HCl 中快速膨胀并增强，而在形状变化过程中在 NaOH 中收缩并减弱。 这种快速膨胀、残余螺旋形变和强度增加的独特协同效应在自发的形状交替中起着重要作用。这一新发现将为需要连续动作的新软执行器的设计开辟一条新的繁荣之路。

[876] Adsorption of Phosphorus from Slaughterhouse Wastewater by Carboxymethyl Konjac Glucomannan Loaded with Lanthanum International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2018, 119: 105-115. Phosphorus removal was an important measure in the control of eutrophication of water environment. In this study, a novel phosphorus removal adsorbent of lanthanum-loaded carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan micro spheres (CMKGM-La) was successfully prepared by the method of electrostatic spraying and sol-gel, and was characterized by SEM, XPS and EDX. Batch experiments were performed to evaluate the adsorption capacity at different conditions: pH, temperature, initial concentration, adsorbent dosage and contact time. The results showed that the adsorption kinetics data correlated well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the adsorption isotherm was well described by the Langmuir isotherm model with the maximum capacity of 16.06 mg center dot g(-1) for CMKGM-La microspheres at pH of 4 and 318.15 K. The adsorption of phosphorus was a spontaneous, entropy-increasing and endothermic process. The possible adsorption mechanism of phosphorus on the CMKGM-La microspheres consisted of the coordination reaction of La (III) with phosphorus and electrostatic attraction between protonated hydroxyl and phosphorus. The presence of co-existing ions (such as NH4+, Cl-, SO42-, SIO32-, SiO32- and CO32-) had no significant effect on phosphorus removal. These results suggested that the adsorbent of CMKGM-La microspheres was a promising adsorbent for the removal of phosphorus from slaughterhouse wastewater. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.
[876] 通过羧甲基魔芋甘露聚糖负载镧的吸附从屠宰场废水中去除磷 国际生物大分子杂志，2018，119：105-115。磷的去除是控制水环境富营养化的重要措施。在本研究中，通过静电喷洒和溶胶-凝胶法制备了一种新型的镧负载羧甲基魔芋甘露聚糖微球（CMKGM-La）磷去除吸附剂，并采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X 射线光电子能谱（XPS）和能谱（EDX）对其进行了表征。进行了批次实验以评估在不同条件下的吸附能力：pH 值、温度、初始浓度、吸附剂用量和接触时间。结果表明，吸附动力学数据与伪二级动力学模型相关性良好，吸附等温线由 Langmuir 等温线模型很好地描述，在 pH 值为 4 和 318.15 K 时，CMKGM-La 微球的吸附最大容量为 16.06 mg·g(-1)。磷的吸附是一个自发、熵增和吸热的过程。 磷在 CMKGM-La 微球上的可能吸附机制包括镧(III)与磷的配位反应以及质子化羟基与磷之间的静电吸引。共存离子（如 NH4+、Cl-、SO42-、SIO32-、SiO32-和 CO32-）的存在对磷的去除没有显著影响。这些结果表明，CMKGM-La 微球吸附剂是去除屠宰场废水中磷的有希望的吸附剂。（C）2018 Elsevier B.V.出版。

[877] Research Progress of Self-Assembled Nanogel and Hybrid Hydrogel Systems Based on Pullulan Derivatives Drug Delivery, 2018, 25(1): 278-292. Polymer nano-sized hydrogels (nanogels) as drug delivery carriers have been investigated over the last few decades. Pullulan, a nontoxic and nonimmunogenic hydrophilic polysaccharide derived from fermentation of black yeast like Aureobasidium pullulans with great biocompatibility and biodegradability, is one of the most attractive carriers for drug delivery systems. In this review, we describe the preparation, characterization, and switch-on/off mechanism of typical pullulan self-assembled nanogels (self-nanogels), and then introduce the development of hybrid hydrogels that are numerous resources applied for regenerative medicine. A major section is used for biomedical applications of different nanogel systems based on modified pullulan, which exert smart stimuli-responses at ambient conditions such as charge, pH, temperature, light, and redox. Pullulan self-nanogels have found increasingly extensive application in protein delivery, tissue engineering, vaccine development, cancer therapy, and biological imaging. Functional groups are incorporated into self-nanogels and contribute to expressing desirable results such as targeting and modified release. Various molecules, especially insoluble or unstable drugs and encapsulated proteins, present improved solubility and bioavailability as well as reduced side effects when incorporated into self-nanogels. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of pullulan self-nanogels will be analyzed accordingly, and the development of pullulan nanogel systems will be reviewed.
[877] 基于聚拉拉胶衍生物的纳米凝胶和杂化水凝胶系统药物递送研究进展，2018，25(1)：278-292。在过去几十年中，聚合物纳米级水凝胶（纳米凝胶）作为药物递送载体已被研究。聚拉拉胶是一种非毒性、非免疫原性的亲水性多糖，由发酵黑酵母如毛霉属聚拉拉胶酵母产生，具有优异的生物相容性和生物降解性，是药物递送系统中最具吸引力的载体之一。在本综述中，我们描述了典型聚拉拉胶自组装纳米凝胶（自纳米凝胶）的制备、表征和开关机制，然后介绍了用于再生医学的多种资源应用的杂化水凝胶的发展。主要部分用于基于改性聚拉拉胶的不同纳米凝胶系统的生物医学应用，这些系统在环境条件如电荷、pH 值、温度、光和氧化还原下表现出智能刺激响应。聚拉拉胶自纳米凝胶在蛋白质递送、组织工程、疫苗开发、癌症治疗和生物成像中找到了越来越广泛的应用。 官能团被纳入自纳米凝胶中，有助于实现靶向和改良释放等理想结果。各种分子，尤其是难溶性或不稳定药物和包封蛋白，在纳入自纳米凝胶后表现出提高的溶解度和生物利用度，以及减少的副作用。最后，将相应分析环糊精自纳米凝胶的优缺点，并回顾环糊精纳米凝胶系统的发展。

[878] Flexible Mechanochromic Photonic Crystals: Routes to Visual Sensors and Their Mechanical Properties Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2018, 6(13): 3182-3199. The past decade has witnessed remarkable advances in mechanochromic photonic crystals with potential applications in smart displays, strain sensors, biomedical devices, household products, fingerprint identification, and civil engineering. This review summarizes recent developments in flexible mechanochromic photonic crystals, including the inspiration of materials from nature, principles for fabrication, characterization of mechanical properties, and applications in smart strain-colour sensing. Flexible mechanochromic photonic crystals have further enhanced and broadened the applications of mechanochromic photonic crystals. In addition to conformal deformation, they can enable or enhance structural colour effects without additional energy consumption, especially for monitoring mechanical deformation, failure and fracture in bulk materials to prevent hazardous incidents.
[878] 弹性机械色光子晶体：视觉传感器及其机械性能的研究途径 材料化学 C 杂志，2018，6(13)：3182-3199。过去十年见证了机械色光子晶体在智能显示、应变传感器、生物医学设备、家用产品、指纹识别和土木工程等领域的显著进展。本文综述了柔性机械色光子晶体的最新发展，包括从自然界中获取材料的灵感、制造原理、机械性能表征以及在智能应变-颜色传感中的应用。柔性机械色光子晶体进一步增强了机械色光子晶体的应用范围。除了可变形性，它们还能在不额外消耗能量的情况下实现或增强结构色效应，特别是在监测大材料中的机械变形、失效和断裂，以防止危险事件方面。

[879] Structural Design of Robust and Biocompatible Photonic Hydrogels from an in Situ Cross-Linked Hyperbranched Polymer System Chemistry of Materials, 2018, 30(17): 6091-6098. Multifunctional hyperbranched poly(poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate) (HB-PEGDA) polymers with well-defined composition, structure, and functionality are proposed in this work as photonic hydrogel scaffolds. By taking advantage of its unique transparency, low intrinsic viscosity, and high amount of vinyl groups, the HB-PEGDA can effectively penetrate inside the colloidal photonic crystal (CPC) substrate and be cross-linked with thiolated hyaluronic acid very quickly. This photonic hydrogel shows not only an unexpected protective effect to the untreated CPC substrate, but also nonswelling characteristics attributed to its relatively compacted network structure, which leads to robust structural integrity and credible, consistent optical performance under complex physiological conditions. Moreover, this photonic hydrogel shows good biocompatibility and can be easily modified to introduce specific functions (e.g., cell attachment), providing novel insights into the photonic hydrogel design toward diverse bio-optical applications.
[879] 基于原位交联的超支化聚合物体系的光学水凝胶的稳健和生物相容性结构设计 化学材料，2018，30（17）：6091-6098。本研究提出了一种具有明确组成、结构和功能的多功能超支化聚（聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯）聚合物（HB-PEGDA）作为光学水凝胶支架。利用其独特的透明性、低内在粘度和高乙烯基含量，HB-PEGDA 可以有效地渗透到胶体光学晶体（CPC）基体内部，并与硫醇化的透明质酸迅速交联。这种光学水凝胶不仅对未经处理的 CPC 基体表现出意外的保护作用，而且还具有非膨胀特性，这归因于其相对紧凑的网络结构，这使得其在复杂生理条件下具有稳健的结构完整性和可靠、一致的光学性能。 此外，这种光子水凝胶具有良好的生物相容性，可以轻松修改以引入特定功能（例如，细胞粘附），为光子水凝胶设计在多种生物光学应用方面提供了新的见解。

[880] Au/Agi Dimeric Nanoparticles for Highly Selective and Sensitive Colorimetric Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide Advanced Functional Materials, 2018, 28(26): 1800515. The development of Au/AgI dimeric nanoparticles (NPs) is reported for highly selective colorimetric detection of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The detection mechanism is designed by taking advantage of the chemical transformation of AgI to Ag2S upon reacting with sulfide, which leads to a shift in the plasmonic band of the attached Au NPs. The plasmonic shift is accompanied by a color change of the solution from purplish red to blue and finally to light green depending on the concentration of sulfide, thus enables a naked-eye readout and UV-vis quantitation of the sulfide exposure. The Au/AgI dimeric NPs are further immobilized in agarose gels to produce test strips, which can be used for both naked-eye readout and quantitative detection of sulfide using UV-vis spectroscopy thanks to its transparency in the visible region. Compared to commercial Pb(Ac)(2) test papers, the agarose gel strip has superior performance for detecting sulfide in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and fidelity. The agarose gel is also capable of detecting gaseous H2S at important concentration thresholds, suggesting its practicability in real life applications. The potential of agarose gels is further highlighted by its ability in the enrichment and colorimetric detection of gaseous H2S released during cell cultivation.
[880] Au/AgI 二聚纳米颗粒用于高选择性灵敏比色检测硫化氢，先进功能材料，2018，28(26)：1800515。报道了 Au/AgI 二聚纳米颗粒（NPs）的开发，用于高选择性比色检测硫化氢（H2S）。检测机制通过利用 AgI 与硫化物反应后转化为 Ag2S 的化学变化来设计，这导致附着 Au NPs 的等离子体带发生偏移。等离子体偏移伴随着溶液从紫色红色变为蓝色，最终变为浅绿色，根据硫化物的浓度变化，从而实现裸眼读取和紫外-可见光谱定量分析硫化物暴露。Au/AgI 二聚 NPs 进一步固定在琼脂糖凝胶中，制成测试条，由于其在可见光区域的透明性，可用于裸眼读取和利用紫外-可见光谱进行定量检测硫化物。与商业 Pb(Ac)(2)测试纸相比，琼脂糖凝胶条在检测硫化物方面具有更高的灵敏度、选择性、稳定性和保真度。 琼脂糖凝胶还能在重要的浓度阈值下检测到气态 H2S，表明其在实际应用中的实用性。琼脂糖凝胶在细胞培养过程中释放的气态 H2S 的富集和比色检测能力进一步突显了其潜力。

[881] Effects of Konjac Glucomannan on the Structure, Properties, and Drug Release Characteristics of Agarose Hydrogels Carbohydrate Polymers, 2018, 190: 196-203. Pure agarose (AG) hydrogels have strong rigidity and brittleness, which greatly limit their applications. Therefore, in this study, konjac glucomannan (KGM) was used to improve the properties of AG hydrogels. The effect of KGM on the structure and properties of AG hydrogels was investigated by rotational rheometry, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The results showed that the flexibility of the composite hydrogels increases with KGM concentration, which may be attributed to a synergistic interaction between KGM and AG resulting in a compact network structure. In vitro drug release behavior of composite hydrogels was investigated under different environments using model drug ciprofloxacin. The results showed that the encapsulation, drug loading efficiencies, and sustained release capacity of AG hydrogels were enhanced by the incorporation of KGM. These results suggested that KGM has the potential to enhance the properties and drug release characteristics of AG hydrogels.
[881] 魔芋甘露聚糖对琼脂糖水凝胶碳水化合物聚合物结构、性质和药物释放特性的影响，2018，190：196-203。纯琼脂糖（AG）水凝胶具有强烈的刚性和脆性，这极大地限制了它们的应用。因此，在本研究中，使用魔芋甘露聚糖（KGM）来改善 AG 水凝胶的性质。通过旋转流变仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X 射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜研究了 KGM 对 AG 水凝胶结构和性质的影响。结果表明，复合水凝胶的柔韧性随着 KGM 浓度的增加而增加，这可能是由于 KGM 和 AG 之间的协同作用，导致紧密的网络结构。使用模型药物环丙沙星，在不同的环境下研究了复合水凝胶的体外药物释放行为。结果表明，通过加入 KGM，AG 水凝胶的包封、药物负载效率和持续释放能力得到增强。 这些结果表明 KGM 有可能增强 AG 水凝胶的性能和药物释放特性。

[882] Phthalate and Organophosphate Plasticizers in Nail Polish: Evaluation of Labels and Ingredients Environmental Science & Technology, 2018, 52(21): 12841-12850. In the 2000s, nail polish manufacturers started promoting "3-Free" products, phasing out three widely publicized toxic chemicals: toluene, formaldehyde, and dibutyl phthalate (DnBP). However, DnBP was sometimes replaced by another endocrine-disrupting plasticizer, triphenyl phosphate (TPHP). Many new "n-Free" labels have since appeared, without any standardization on which n chemicals are excluded. This study aimed to compare measured plasticizer content against nail polish labels. First, we summarized definitions of labels. Then, we measured 12 phthalate and 10 organophosphate plasticizers in 40 nail polishes from 12 brands selected for popularity and label variety. We found labels ranging from 3- to 13-Free; 10-Free was the most inconsistently defined (six definitions). Our samples contained TPHP and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) at up to 7940 and 331 mu g/g, respectively. The 5- to 13-Free samples had lower TPHP levels than unlabeled or 3-Free samples (median <0.002 vs 3730 mu g/g, p < 0.001). The samples that did not contain TPHP had higher DEHP levels (median 68.5 vs 1.51 mu g/g, p < 0.05). We measured plasticizers above 100 mu g/g in five brands that did not disclose them and in two that excluded them in labels. This study highlights inconsistencies in nail polish labels and identifies TPHP and DEHP as ingredient substitutes for DnBP.
[882] 指甲油中的邻苯二甲酸酯和磷酸酯增塑剂：标签和成分评估 环境科学与技术，2018，52(21)：12841-12850。在 2000 年代，指甲油制造商开始推广“无 3”产品，逐步淘汰三种广泛宣传的有毒化学品：甲苯、甲醛和二丁基邻苯二甲酸酯（DnBP）。然而，DnBP 有时被另一种内分泌干扰性增塑剂三苯磷酸酯（TPHP）所取代。此后，许多新的“n-Free”标签相继出现，但没有对排除哪些 n 种化学物质进行标准化。本研究旨在将测量的增塑剂含量与指甲油标签进行比较。首先，我们总结了标签的定义。然后，我们测量了从 12 个品牌中选取的 40 款指甲油中的 12 种邻苯二甲酸酯和 10 种磷酸酯增塑剂，这些品牌因其受欢迎和标签多样性而被选中。我们发现标签从 3-到 13-Free 不等；10-Free 的定义最不一致（六种定义）。我们的样品中含有 TPHP 和双(2-乙基己基)邻苯二甲酸酯（DEHP），含量分别高达 7940 和 331 微克/克。 5-至 13-无标签样品的 TPHP 水平低于未标记或 3-无标签样品（中位数<0.002 vs 3730 微克/克，p<0.001）。不含 TPHP 的样品 DEHP 水平较高（中位数 68.5 vs 1.51 微克/克，p<0.05）。我们在五个未披露这些成分的品牌和两个在标签中排除这些成分的品牌中测量到超过 100 微克/克的增塑剂。这项研究突出了指甲油标签的不一致性，并将 TPHP 和 DEHP 识别为 DnBP 的成分替代品。

[883] Structural Coloration of Chitosan Coated Cellulose Fabrics by Electrostatic Self-Assembled Poly (Styrene-Methyl Methacrylate-Acrylic Acid) Photonic Crystals Carbohydrate Polymers, 2018, 193: 343-352. The structural coloration of a chitosan-coated woven cotton fabric obtained by glutaraldehyde-stabilized deposition of electrostatic self-assembled monodisperse and spherically uniform (250 nm) poly (styrene-methyl methacrylate-acrylic acid) photonic crystal nanospheres (P(St-MMA-AA)) was investigated. Bright iridescent coatings displaying different colors in function of the viewing angle were obtained. The SEM, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, TGA, DSC and FTIR analyses confirm the presence of structural color and the glutaraldehyde and chitosan ability to provide durable chemical bonding between cotton fabric and photonic crystal (PCs) coating with the highest degradation temperature and the lowest enthalpy. The coatings are characterized by a mixture of face-centered cubic and hexagonal close-packed arrays alternating random packing regions. For the first time a cost-efficient structural coloration with high washing and light fastness using self-assembled P(St-MMA-AA) photonic crystals was successfully developed onto woven cotton fabric using chitosan and/or glutaraldehyde as stabilizing agent opening new strategies for the development of dye-free coloration of textiles.
[883] 通过静电自组装聚（苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸）光子晶体碳水化合物聚合物对壳聚糖涂层纤维素织物进行结构着色，2018，193：343-352。研究了通过戊二醛稳定沉积静电自组装单分散和球形均匀（250 nm）聚（苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸）光子晶体纳米球（P(St-MMA-AA)）获得的壳聚糖涂层棉织物的结构着色。获得了在不同视角下显示不同颜色的明亮彩虹涂层。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、漫反射光谱、TGA、DSC 和 FTIR 分析证实了结构色的存在以及戊二醛和壳聚糖能够在棉织物与光子晶体（PCs）涂层之间提供耐久的化学键合，具有最高的降解温度和最低的焓。涂层以面心立方和六方密堆积阵列交替随机堆积区域为特征。 首次成功地将具有高效成本、高洗涤和耐光性的自组装 P(St-MMA-AA)光子晶体应用于编织棉布，采用壳聚糖和/或戊二醛作为稳定剂，为无染料纺织品的开发开辟了新的策略。

[884] Highly Elastic and Ultratough Hybrid Ionic–Covalent Hydrogels with Tunable Structures and Mechanics Advanced Materials, 2018, 30(18): 1707071. Abstract Hybrid ionically–covalently crosslinked double-network (DN) hydrogels are attracting increasing attention on account of their self-recovery ability and fatigue resistance, but their relative low mechanical strength and tedious performance adjustment severely limit their applications. Herein, a new strategy to concurrently fabricate hybrid ionic–covalent DN hydrogels and modulate their structures and mechanics is reported, in which an in situ formed chitosan ionic network is incorporated by post-crosslinking the chitosan-based composite hydrogel using multivalent anions solutions. The obtained hybrid DN hydrogels exhibit predominant mechanical properties including superior elastic modulus, high tensile strength, and ultrahigh fracture energy because of the more efficient energy dissipation of rigid short-chain chitosan network. Notably, the swollen hydrogels still remain mechanically strong and tough even after immersion in water for 24 h. More significantly, simply changing the post-crosslinking time can vary the compactness and rigidity of the chitosan network in situ, achieving flexible and efficient modulation of the structures and mechanics of the hybrid DN hydrogels. This study opens up a new horizon in the preparation and regulation of DN hydrogels for promising applications in tissue scaffolds, actuators, and wearable devices.
高弹性超韧的混合离子-共价水凝胶，具有可调结构和力学性能，先进材料，2018，30（18）：1707071。摘要混合离子-共价交联双网络（DN）水凝胶因其自修复能力和抗疲劳性而越来越受到关注，但它们的相对较低机械强度和繁琐的性能调整严重限制了其应用。在此，报道了一种同时制备混合离子-共价 DN 水凝胶并调节其结构和力学性能的新策略，其中通过使用多价阴离子溶液后交联壳聚糖复合水凝胶，引入了原位形成的壳聚糖离子网络。获得的混合 DN 水凝胶表现出优异的力学性能，包括较高的弹性模量、高拉伸强度和超高断裂能，这是由于刚性短链壳聚糖网络的更有效能量耗散。值得注意的是，膨胀水凝胶在水中浸泡 24 小时后仍保持机械强度和韧性。 更重要的是，仅仅改变交联后时间，就可以在原位改变壳聚糖网络的紧密性和刚性，实现混合 DN 水凝胶结构和力学性能的灵活和高效调节。这项研究为 DN 水凝胶的制备和调控开辟了新的领域，有望在组织支架、驱动器和可穿戴设备等领域的应用中发挥重要作用。

[885] Photothermal Nanocomposite Hydrogel Actuator with Electric-Field-Induced Gradient and Oriented Structure ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018, 10(9): 7688-7692. Recent research of hydrogel actuators is still not sophisticated enough to meet the requirement of fast, reversible, complex, and robust reconfiguration. Here, we present a new kind of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/graphene oxide gradient hydrogel by utilizing direct current electric field to induce gradient and oriented distribution of graphene oxide into poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel. Upon near infrared light irradiation, the hydrogel exhibited excellent comprehensive actuation performance as a result of directional bending deformation, promising great potential in the application of soft actuators and optomechanical system.
[885] 基于电场诱导梯度与定向结构的聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)/氧化石墨烯梯度水凝胶驱动器 ACS 应用材料与界面，2018，10(9)：7688-7692。近年来，水凝胶驱动器的研究尚未足够成熟，以满足快速、可逆、复杂和鲁棒的重新配置需求。在此，我们通过直流电场诱导氧化石墨烯在聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)水凝胶中的梯度与定向分布，提出了一种新型聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)/氧化石墨烯梯度水凝胶。在近红外光照射下，该水凝胶由于方向性弯曲变形，表现出优异的综合驱动性能，在软驱动器和光机械系统应用中具有巨大潜力。

[886] Photothermal Nanocomposite Hydrogel Actuator with Electric-Field-Induced Gradient and Oriented Structure ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018, 10(9): 7688-7692. Recent research of hydrogel actuators is still not sophisticated enough to meet the requirement of fast, reversible, complex, and robust reconfiguration. Here, we present a new kind of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/graphene oxide gradient hydrogel by utilizing direct current electric field to induce gradient and oriented distribution of graphene oxide into poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel. Upon near infrared light irradiation, the hydrogel exhibited excellent comprehensive actuation performance as a result of directional bending deformation, promising great potential in the application of soft actuators and optomechanical system.
[886] 基于电场诱导梯度与定向结构的聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)/氧化石墨烯梯度水凝胶驱动器 ACS 应用材料与界面，2018，10(9)：7688-7692。近年来，水凝胶驱动器的研究尚未足够成熟，以满足快速、可逆、复杂和鲁棒的重新配置需求。在此，我们通过直流电场诱导氧化石墨烯在聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)水凝胶中的梯度与定向分布，提出了一种新型聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)/氧化石墨烯梯度水凝胶。在近红外光照射下，该水凝胶由于方向性弯曲变形，表现出优异的综合驱动性能，在软驱动器和光机械系统应用中具有巨大潜力。

[887] Epidemiology and Trends in Diabetes in China Scientia Sinica Vitae, 2018, 48(8): 812-819. Diabetes is a global public health problem, and the epidemic situation of diabetes in China is especially serious. The prevalence of diabetes has been increasing in recent years in China, with the number of cases being the highest in the world. After cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and tumors, diabetes has become an important chronic noncommunicable disease that seriously endangers the health of people. Based on several large-scale epidemiological studies on diabetes in China, a rapidly increasing trend of diabetes is a foregone conclusion, although the diagnostic criteria have changed in the process. Currently, the prevalence of diabetes among adults in China is about 11%, with the estimated number of patients with diabetes being 114 million, and the prevalence of prediabetes is as high as 35% (2010 ADA criteria). Diabetes and its complications seriously affect the patient's quality of life and life expectancy and lead to significant medical and economic burden to both patients and society. The prevention and control of diabetes in China encompasses significant challenges. This article summarizes the prevalence and trend of diabetes in China and discusses the related risk factors. 糖尿病是全球性公共卫生问题,而我国糖尿病流行形势尤为严峻,近年来患病率不断攀升,患病人数高居世界第一.糖尿病已成为继心脑血管疾病、肿瘤之后另一个 严重危害我国人民健康的重要慢性非传染性疾病.近几十年来,我国开展了数次大规模的糖尿病流行病学调查研究,虽在此过程中诊断标准发生了一些变化,但糖尿 病迅猛增长的趋势已成定局,目前中国成人糖尿病患病率11%左右,估算糖尿病患者数量1.14亿,糖尿病前期患病率高达35%(2010, ADA标准)左右.糖尿病及其并发症严重影响患者生存质量和预期寿命,为患者及社会带来了极大的医疗和经济负担,我国糖尿病的防控管理面临巨大挑战.本文 总结了中国糖尿病的流行特点及变化趋势,并讨论相关危险因素.
中国糖尿病的流行病学趋势 科学通报·生命科学，2018，48(8)：812-819。糖尿病是全球公共卫生问题，中国糖尿病的流行情况尤其严重。近年来，中国糖尿病的患病率一直在上升，病例数居世界首位。在心血管和脑血管疾病以及肿瘤之后，糖尿病已成为一种严重威胁人们健康的慢性非传染性疾病。基于对中国糖尿病的几项大规模流行病学研究，糖尿病的迅速上升趋势是不可避免的，尽管在此过程中诊断标准发生了变化。目前，中国成年人中糖尿病的患病率约为 11%，估计糖尿病患者数量为 1.14 亿，糖尿病前期患病率高达 35%（2010 年 ADA 标准）。糖尿病及其并发症严重影响了患者的生活质量和预期寿命，给患者和社会带来了巨大的医疗和经济负担。中国在糖尿病的预防和控制方面面临着重大挑战。 本文概述了中国糖尿病的流行情况和趋势，并讨论了相关风险因素。糖尿病是全球性公共卫生问题，我国糖尿病流行形势尤为严峻，近年来患病率持续上升，患者人数位居世界第一。糖尿病已成为继心脑血管疾病、肿瘤之后，严重危害我国人民健康的重要慢性非传染性疾病。近几十年来，我国开展了多次大规模的糖尿病流行病学调查，尽管在此过程中诊断标准有所变化，但糖尿病快速增长的趋势已确定。目前，中国成人糖尿病患病率约为 11%，估计糖尿病患者数量为 1.14 亿，糖尿病前期患病率高达约 35%（2010 年，ADA 标准）。糖尿病及其并发症严重影响患者的生存质量和预期寿命，给患者和社会带来了巨大的医疗和经济负担，我国糖尿病的防控管理面临巨大挑战。本文总结了中国糖尿病的流行特点及变化趋势，并讨论了相关危险因素。

[888] Hydrogel Ionotronics Nature Reviews Materials, 2018, 3(6): 125-142. An ionotronic device functions by a hybrid circuit of mobile ions and mobile electrons. Hydrogels are stretchable, transparent, ionic conductors that can transmit electrical signals of high frequency over long distance, enabling ionotronic devices such as artificial muscles, skins and axons. Moreover, ionotronic luminescent devices, ionotronic liquid crystal devices, touchpads, triboelectric generators, artificial eels and gel-elastomer-oil devices can be designed based on hydrogels. In this Review, we discuss first-generation hydrogel ionotronic devices and the challenges associated with the mechanical properties and the chemistry of the materials. We examine how strong and stretchable adhesion between hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer networks can be achieved, how water can be retained in hydrogels and how to design hydrogels that resist fatigue under cyclic loads. Finally, we highlight applications of hydrogel ionotronic devices and discuss the future of the field.
[888] 水凝胶离子电子学 自然材料评论，2018，3(6)：125-142。离子电子器件通过移动离子和移动电子的混合电路工作。水凝胶是可拉伸、透明的离子导体，能够在长距离传输高频电信号，从而实现如人工肌肉、皮肤和轴突等离子电子器件。此外，基于水凝胶可以设计离子电子发光器件、离子电子液晶器件、触摸板、摩擦电发生器、人工鳗鱼和凝胶弹性体-油装置。在本综述中，我们讨论了第一代水凝胶离子电子器件及其在材料机械性能和化学方面的挑战。我们探讨了如何实现亲水性和疏水性聚合物网络之间强烈的可拉伸粘附，如何保留水凝胶中的水分以及如何设计在循环载荷下抗疲劳的水凝胶。最后，我们强调了水凝胶离子电子器件的应用并讨论了该领域的未来。

[889] Reduced Graphene Oxide/2d Colloidal Array Composite Membrane Fabricated Layer-by-Layer Chinese Chemical Letters, 2018, 29(6): 922-926. Photonic crystal (PhC) presents unique optical properties and functionality, and are used widely as detectors, modulators, plasmonics and light generating devices. However, the low electrical conductivity and mechanical strength limit its applications. We introduced here a layer-by-layer composite membrane based on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and two-dimensional (2D) colloidal crystal array (CCA). The 2D CCA was fabricated by an air/water interface deposition technique using polystyrene (PS) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) colloidal particles. The composite membrane were characterized by SEM, Debye diffraction, reflectance spectra and electrical resistance measurement. The results indicated that layer-by-layer composite membrane have highly periodicity, and the monolayer of RGO and 2D CCA combined tightly. The Debye diffraction rings of the layer-by-layer heterostructure composite are the superimposition of the individual monolayers of 2D CCA. The reflection spectrum of the layer-by-layer heterostructure composite membrane showed that two peaks of reflection curve located in near ultraviolet region and visible region respectively, and the RGO sheet have no influence on the peak position and shape of reflection curve of the PhC. The RGO improved the electrical conductivity of the layer-by-layer heterostructure composite. The layer-by-layer heterostructure composite showed promising potential for the applications as sensors and optoelectronic devices. (C) 2017 Chinese Chemical Society and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
[889] 通过层层组装法制备的还原氧化石墨烯/二维胶体阵列复合膜 中国化学快报，2018，29(6)：922-926。光子晶体（PhC）具有独特的光学特性和功能，被广泛用作探测器、调制器、等离子体器件和发光器件。然而，其低电导率和机械强度限制了其应用。我们在此介绍了基于还原氧化石墨烯（RGO）和二维（2D）胶体晶体阵列（CCA）的层层复合膜。二维 CCA 是通过使用聚苯乙烯（PS）和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）胶体颗粒的空气/水界面沉积技术制备的。复合膜通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、德拜衍射、反射光谱和电导率测量进行了表征。结果表明，层层复合膜具有高度周期性，RGO 和 2D CCA 的单层紧密结合。层层异质结构复合膜的德拜衍射环是二维 CCA 单个单层的叠加。 层状异质结构复合膜的反射光谱表明，反射曲线在近紫外区和可见区分别出现两个峰值，RGO 薄膜对 PhC 的反射曲线的峰值位置和形状没有影响。RGO 提高了层状异质结构复合膜的导电性。层状异质结构复合膜在传感器和光电子器件应用方面显示出良好的潜力。（C）2017 中国化学会和中国医学科学院药物研究所。由 Elsevier B.V.出版。版权所有。

[890] Aptamer-Based Hydrogel Barcodes for the Capture and Detection of Multiple Types of Pathogenic Bacteria Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 2018, 100: 404-410. Rapid and sensitive diagnosing hematological infections based on the separation and detection of pathogenic bacteria in the patient's blood is a significant challenge. To address this, we herein present a new barcodes technology that can simultaneously capture and detect multiple types of pathogenic bacteria from a complex sample. The barcodes are poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel inverse opal particles with characteristic reflection peak codes that remain stable during bacteria capture on their surfaces. As the spherical surface of the particles has ordered porous nanostructure, the barcodes can provide not only more surface area for probe immobilization and reaction, but also a nanopatterned platform for highly efficient bioreactions. In addition, the PEG hydrogel scaffold could decrease the non-specificity adsorption by its anti-adhesive effect, and the decorated aptamer probes in the scaffolds could increase the sensitivity, reliability, and specificity of the bacteria capture and detection. Moreover, the tagged magnetic nanoparticles in the PEG scaffold could impart the barcodes with controllable movement under magnetic fields, which can be used to significantly increase the reaction speed and simplify the processing of the bioassays. Based on the describe barcodes, it was demonstrated that the bacteria could be captured and identified even at low bacterial concentrations (100 CPU ml(-1)) within 2.5 h, which is effectively shortened in comparison with the "gold standard" in clinic. These features make the barcodes ideal for capturing and detecting multiple bacteria from clinical samples for hematological infection diagnostics.
基于适体的高分子水凝胶条形码用于多种致病菌的捕获和检测 生物传感器与生物电子学，2018，100：404-410。基于从患者血液中分离和检测致病菌的快速和敏感诊断血液感染是一个重大挑战。为了解决这个问题，我们在此提出了一种新的条形码技术，该技术可以从复杂样本中同时捕获和检测多种类型的致病菌。这些条形码是具有特征反射峰码的聚（乙二醇）(PEG)水凝胶逆光学晶体颗粒，在细菌捕获在其表面时保持稳定。由于颗粒的球形表面具有有序多孔纳米结构，这些条形码不仅可以提供更多的表面积用于探针固定和反应，还可以提供一个纳米图案化平台，用于高效生物反应。此外，PEG 水凝胶支架可以通过其抗粘附效应降低非特异性吸附，而支架上装饰的适体探针可以提高细菌捕获和检测的灵敏度、可靠性和特异性。 此外，PEG 支架中的标记磁性纳米颗粒能够在磁场下赋予条形码可控的运动，这可以显著提高反应速度并简化生物检测的处理过程。基于描述的条形码，证明了即使在低细菌浓度（100 CPU ml(-1)）下，细菌也能在 2.5 小时内被捕获和识别，与临床上的“金标准”相比，这一过程得到了有效缩短。这些特性使条形码非常适合从临床样本中捕获和检测多种细菌，用于血液感染诊断。

[891] Porous Hydrogel Encapsulated Photonic Barcodes for Multiplex Microrna Quantification Advanced Functional Materials, 2018, 28(1). The development of a highly sensitive platform for multiplex circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) detection is important for clinical diagnosis. Here, a new type of porous hydrogel encapsulated photonic crystal (PhC) bar-codes is presented with integrated rolling circle amplification (RCA) strategy for multiplex miRNA quantification. As the surrounding porous hydrogel shells of the PhC barcodes are interconnected inverse opal structure with hydrophilic scaffolds, they can provide homogeneous water surrounding for the miRNA targets reaction and RCA. The encapsulated PhC cores of the barcodes can offer stable diffraction peaks for encoding different miRNAs and their RCAs during the detection. By integrating the advantages of PhC barcodes and RCA, it is demonstrated that the technology shows acceptable accuracy and detection reproducibility for the rapid quantification of low-abundance miRNAs, with the limits of detection of 20 fM. Thus, the proposed porous hydrogel encapsulated PhC barcodes provide a new platform for the multiplex quantification of low-abundance targets for practical applications.
多孔水凝胶封装光子条形码用于多重微 RNA 定量 高分子材料科学，2018，28(1)。开发一种高灵敏的多重循环微 RNA（miRNA）检测平台对于临床诊断具有重要意义。在此，提出了一种新型多孔水凝胶封装光子晶体（PhC）条形码，集成了循环扩增（RCA）策略以实现多重 miRNA 定量。由于 PhC 条形码的周围多孔水凝胶壳体是相互连接的反蛋白石结构，具有亲水支架，因此可以为 miRNA 靶标反应和 RCA 提供均匀的水环境。封装的 PhC 条形码核心可以提供稳定的衍射峰，用于编码不同的 miRNA 及其 RCA 在检测过程中的信息。通过整合 PhC 条形码和 RCA 的优点，证明了该技术对于低丰度 miRNA 的快速定量具有可接受的准确性和检测重复性，检测限为 20 fM。 因此，所提出的多孔水凝胶封装的 PhC 条形码为低丰度靶标的多元量化提供了一个新的平台，适用于实际应用。

[892] Emerging Barcode Particles for Multiplex Bioassays Science China Materials, 2018, 62(3): 289-324.
[892] 多重生物分析的新兴条形码颗粒 科学中国材料，2018，62(3)：289-324。

[893] Colloidal Assembly Approaches to Micro/Nanostructures of Complex Morphologies Small, 2018, 14(35): 1801083-1801109. The ability to programmatically assemble colloidal micro/nanostructures into highly ordered superstructures is of great importance in both fundamental studies and practical applications. In addition to the sophisticated manipulation of the short-range and long-range interactions imposed on the colloidal building blocks, the intrinsic shape elements including face, edge, corner, concave, convex, and curvature also play very important roles in solving the "jigsaw puzzle" of the superstructures. Here, the recent progress in the development of colloidal assembly strategies for the formation of complex superstructures is reviewed, with a primary focus on the unique effects of the morphology of the building blocks to the assembly processes and the final structures. Overall, this Review aims to shed light on the fundamental understanding of the colloidal behaviors of complex micro/nanostructures and promote the continued development of effective strategies for the creation of functional materials with complex compositions and morphologies.
[893] 胶体组装方法在复杂形貌微/纳米结构中的应用 小型，2018，14(35)：1801083-1801109。能够程序化地将胶体微/纳米结构组装成高度有序的超结构，在基础研究和实际应用中都具有非常重要的意义。除了对胶体单元施加的短程和长程相互作用的复杂操控外，包括面、边、角、凹面、凸面和曲率在内的固有形状元素在解决超结构的“拼图”问题中也起着非常重要的作用。在此，本文综述了近年来开发胶体组装策略以形成复杂超结构的研究进展，主要关注构建块形态对组装过程和最终结构产生的独特效应。总体而言，本综述旨在阐明复杂微/纳米结构的胶体行为的基本理解，并促进创建具有复杂组成和形态的功能材料的有效策略的持续发展。

[894] Vibration Sensor for the Health Monitoring of the Large Rotating Machinery: Review and Outlook Sensor Review, 2018, 38(1): 44-64. Purpose - At present, one of the key equipment in pillar industries is a large rotating machinery. Conducting regular health monitoring is important for ensuring safe operation of the large rotating machinery. Because vibrations sensors play an important role in the workings of the rotating machinery, measuring its vibration signal is an important task in health monitoring. This paper aims to present these. Design/methodology/approach - In this work, the contact vibration sensor and the non-contact vibration sensor have been discussed. These sensors consist of two types: the electric vibration sensor and the optical fiber vibration sensor. Their applications in the large rotating machinery for the purpose of health monitoring are summarized, and their advantages and disadvantages are also presented. Findings - Compared with the electric vibration sensor, the optical fiber vibration sensor of large rotating machinery has unique advantages in health monitoring, such as provision of immunity against electromagnetic interference, requirement of less insulation and provision of long-distance signal transmission. Originality/value - Both contact vibration sensor and non-contact vibration sensor have been discussed. Among them, the electric vibration sensor and the optical fiber vibration sensor are compared. Future research direction of the vibration sensors is presented.
[894] 大型旋转机械健康监测用振动传感器：综述与展望 传感器综述，2018，38(1): 44-64。目的 - 目前，支柱产业中的关键设备之一是大型旋转机械。进行定期健康监测对于确保大型旋转机械的安全运行至关重要。由于振动传感器在旋转机械的工作中起着重要作用，测量其振动信号是健康监测中的重要任务。本文旨在介绍这些。设计/方法/途径 - 在这项工作中，讨论了接触式振动传感器和非接触式振动传感器。这些传感器包括两种类型：电振动传感器和光纤振动传感器。总结了它们在大型旋转机械健康监测中的应用，并介绍了它们的优缺点。 发现 - 与电振动传感器相比，大型旋转机械的光纤振动传感器在健康监测方面具有独特的优势，例如提供对电磁干扰的免疫力、较低的绝缘要求以及提供长距离信号传输。创新/价值 - 已讨论了接触式振动传感器和非接触式振动传感器。其中，电振动传感器和光纤振动传感器进行了比较。提出了振动传感器的未来研究方向。

[895] Carboxymethyl Konjac Glucomannan - Crosslinked Chitosan Sponges for Wound Dressing International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2018, 112: 1225-1233. In this paper, carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan (CMKGM) was obtained by carboxyl modification of konjac glucomannan. Then CMKGM and chitosan (CS) were crosslinked and freeze-dried to prepare CMKGM/CS composite sponges with different proportions. The structure and micromorphology of CMKGM/CS sponges were investigated by FTIR spectroscopy and SEM. The SEM results showed that the pore structure of the composite sponge gradually increased with the increase of CMKGM content To assess the applicability of CMKGM/CS composite sponges as wound dressing, the swelling behavior, water vapor transmission rate (WVYR), biocompatibility (cytotoxicity and hemolysis) were analyzed. The results indicated that CMKGM/CS composite sponges possessed high swelling ratio, proper WVTR and good biocompatibility, which might accelerate tissue regeneration. Meanwhile, in vivo experiments demonstrated that CMKGM/CS composite sponges could effectively heal full-layer wound of skin defects of male ICR mice. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
羧甲基魔芋甘露聚糖-交联壳聚糖海绵用于伤口敷料 国际生物大分子杂志，2018，112：1225-1233。本文通过羧基改性魔芋甘露聚糖（CMKGM）获得羧甲基魔芋甘露聚糖。然后 CMKGM 和壳聚糖（CS）交联并冷冻干燥，制备不同比例的 CMKGM/CS 复合海绵。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）研究了 CMKGM/CS 海绵的结构和微观形貌。SEM 结果表明，复合海绵的孔隙结构随着 CMKGM 含量的增加而逐渐增大。为了评估 CMKGM/CS 复合海绵作为伤口敷料的适用性，分析了其吸水行为、水蒸气透过率（WVYR）、生物相容性（细胞毒性和溶血性）。结果表明，CMKGM/CS 复合海绵具有高吸水比、适当的 WVTR 和良好的生物相容性，可能加速组织再生。同时，体内实验表明，CMKGM/CS 复合海绵能有效治疗雄性 ICR 小鼠皮肤缺损的全层伤口。（C）2018 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[896] Dual Salt- and Thermoresponsive Programmable Bilayer Hydrogel Actuators with Pseudo-Interpenetrating Double-Network Structures ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018, 10(25): 21642-21653. Development of smart soft actuators is highly important for fundamental research and industrial applications but has proved to be extremely challenging. In this work, we present a facile, one-pot, one-step method to prepare dual-responsive bilayer hydrogels, consisting of a thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (poly-NIPAM) layer and a salt-responsive poly(3-(1-(4-vinylbenzy1)-1H-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)propane-1-sulfonate) (polyVBIPS) layer. Both polyNIPAM and polyVBIPS layers exhibit a completely opposite swelling/shrinking behavior, where polyNIPAM shrinks (swells) but polyVBIPS swells (shrinks) in salt solution (water) or at high (low) temperatures. By tuning NIPAM:VBIPS ratios, the resulting poly-NIPAM/polyVBIPS bilayer hydrogels enable us to achieve fast and large-amplitude bidirectional bending in response to temperatures, salt concentrations, and salt types. Such bidirectional bending, bending orientation, and degree can be reversibly, repeatedly, and precisely controlled by salt- or temperature-induced cooperative swelling shrinking properties from both layers. Based on their fast, reversible, and bidirectional bending behavior, we further design two conceptual hybrid hydrogel actuators, serving as a six-arm gripper to capture, transport, and release an object and an electrical circuit switch to turn on-and-off a lamp. Different from the conventional two-or multistep methods for preparation of bilayer hydrogels, our simple, one-pot, one-step method and a new bilayer hydrogel system provide an innovative concept to explore new hydrogel-based actuators through combining different responsive materials that allow us to program different stimuli for soft and intelligent materials applications.
[896] 双盐和热响应可编程双层水凝胶致动器，具有伪互穿双网络结构，ACS 应用材料与界面，2018，10(25)：21642-21653。智能软致动器的发展对于基础研究和工业应用至关重要，但已被证明极具挑战性。在本工作中，我们提出了一种简便的、一步法、一锅法制备双响应双层水凝胶的方法，该水凝胶由热响应性聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)（poly-NIPAM）层和盐响应性聚(3-(1-(4-乙烯基苯基)-1H-咪唑-3-ium-3-yl)丙烷-1-磺酸盐)（polyVBIPS）层组成。polyNIPAM 和 polyVBIPS 层表现出完全相反的溶胀/收缩行为，其中 polyNIPAM 在盐溶液（水）或高温（低温）下收缩（溶胀），而 polyVBIPS 溶胀（收缩）。通过调节 NIPAM:VBIPS 比例，所得的 poly-NIPAM/polyVBIPS 双层水凝胶使我们能够实现对温度、盐浓度和盐类型的快速和大幅度双向弯曲响应。 这种双向弯曲、弯曲方向和程度可以通过两层材料由盐或温度诱导的协同膨胀收缩性质可逆、重复和精确地控制。基于其快速、可逆和双向弯曲行为，我们进一步设计了两种概念性混合水凝胶驱动器，作为六臂抓取器以捕获、运输和释放物体，以及作为电路开关以控制灯的开关。与制备双层水凝胶的传统两步或多步方法不同，我们的简单、一步法单锅方法和新的双层水凝胶系统为探索通过结合不同响应材料来开发新型水凝胶驱动器提供了创新概念，使我们能够为软性和智能材料应用编程不同的刺激。

[897] Graphene- Based Cellular Materials with Extremely Low Density and High Pressure Sensitivity Based on Self- Assembled Graphene Oxide Liquid Crystals Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2018, 6(32): 8717-8725. Three-dimensional (3D) graphene materials with high elasticity and low density are a prerequisite for achieving high sensitivity in flexible strain sensors. However, conventional 3D graphene materials with extremely low density often struggle to attain excellent mechanical resilience. Here, a material synthesis strategy, including self-assembly and annealing steps, is developed to fabricate a novel 3D cellular material, graphene oxide liquid crystals-konjac glucomannan, with high elasticity and low density for possible application in highly sensitive flexible strain sensors. The novel introduction of biomass, konjac glucomannan, largely enhances the elasticity of the 3D cellular structure, endowing the resulting material with a high Young's modulus of 10.3 kPa at a low density of 1.56 mg cm(-3), and excellent mechanical durability for >1000 cycles. The assembled flexible strain sensor based on cellular material exhibits a particularly high sensitivity of 0.28 kPa(-1), a fast response of 40 ms (rising time) and excellent cycling stability. Importantly, practical application of the sensitive strain sensor has been realized through monitoring a variety of human motion in real time, suggesting the creation of a novel candidate for applications in wearable medical devices and electronic skin.
基于自组装氧化石墨烯液晶的极低密度和高压灵敏度石墨烯基细胞材料，《材料化学 C》杂志，2018，6(32)：8717-8725。具有高弹性和低密度的三维（3D）石墨烯材料是实现高灵敏度柔性应变传感器的前提。然而，传统低密度三维石墨烯材料往往难以获得优异的机械韧性。在此，开发了一种包括自组装和退火步骤的材料合成策略，以制备一种新型三维细胞材料，氧化石墨烯液晶-魔芋甘露聚糖，具有高弹性和低密度，可能用于高灵敏度柔性应变传感器。新型生物质魔芋甘露聚糖的引入在很大程度上增强了三维细胞结构的弹性，使所得材料在低密度 1.56 mg cm(-3)下具有高达 10.3 kPa 的杨氏模量，以及超过 1000 个循环的优异机械耐久性。 基于细胞材料的组装柔性应变传感器表现出特别高的灵敏度 0.28 kPa(-1)、快速响应 40 ms（上升时间）和优异的循环稳定性。重要的是，通过实时监测各种人类运动，实现了敏感应变传感器的实际应用，这表明为可穿戴医疗设备和电子皮肤应用创造了一种新型候选方案。

[898] Wohlfarth C. Crc Handbook of Thermodynamic Data of Polymer Solutions, Three Volume Set[M]. CRC Press, 2018. [899] A Literal Elytral Rainbow: Tunable Structural Colors Using Single Diamond Biophotonic Crystals in Weevils Small, 2018, 14(46): e1802328. The brilliant colors of many insects arise from the interference of incident light with complex nanostructured biomaterials that are present in their cuticle. Here, the rainbow-colored spots on the elytra of a snout weevil, Pachyrrhynchus congestus pavonius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), are investigated using synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering, scanning electron microscopy, microspectrophotometry, and photonic bandgap modeling. It is shown that the iridescent scales present in the rainbow-hued spots are due to a 3D photonic crystal network of chitin in air with a single diamond (Fd-3m) symmetry. In many insects, different orientations of photonic crystal domains are used to create various hues. In this weevil, however, both the chitin volume fractions as well as the lattice parameters of the biologically self-assembled single diamond nanostructure are varied to achieve the remarkable tuning of the structural colors across the visible light spectrum on a scale-by-scale basis. Uncovering the precise mechanism of color tuning employed by this weevil has important implications for further structural and developmental research on biophotonic nanostructures and may provide fresh impetus for bioinspired and biomimetic multifunctional applications, as synthesis of photonic crystals at visible length scales is currently challenging.
[898] Wohlfarth C. 《聚合物溶液热力学数据手册》，三卷集[M]. CRC 出版社，2018. [899] 一道文字彩虹：利用单钻石生物光子晶体在象甲中的可调结构色 Small, 2018, 14(46): e1802328. 许多昆虫的鲜艳色彩源于入射光与它们甲壳中存在的复杂纳米结构生物材料的干涉。在这里，使用同步辐射小角 X 射线散射、扫描电子显微镜、微光谱光度计和光子带隙建模研究了鼻甲象甲 Pachyrrhynchus congestus pavonius（鞘翅目：象甲科）鞘翅上的彩虹色斑点。研究表明，彩虹色斑点中出现的彩虹状鳞片是由具有单钻石（Fd-3m）对称性的空气中的几丁质三维光子晶体网络造成的。在许多昆虫中，使用光子晶体域的不同取向来创造各种色调。 然而，在这个甲虫中，几丁质体积分数以及生物自组装单钻石纳米结构的晶格参数都发生了变化，以实现可见光光谱中结构色的显著调谐。揭示这种甲虫所采用的精确调色机制，对生物光子纳米结构的结构和发育研究具有重要意义，并可能为生物灵感和仿生多功能应用提供新的动力，因为目前在可见长度尺度上合成光子晶体仍然具有挑战性。

[900] Soft Robotics Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 2018, 57(16): 4258-4273. This description of soft robotics is not intended to be a conventional review, in the sense of a comprehensive technical summary of a developing field. Rather, its objective is to describe soft robotics as a new fieldone that offers opportunities to chemists and materials scientists who like to make things and to work with macroscopic objects that move and exert force. It will give one (personal) view of what soft actuators and robots are, and how this class of soft devices fits into the more highly developed field of conventional hard robotics. It will also suggest how and why soft robotics is more than simply a minor technical tweak on hard robotics and propose a unique role for chemistry, and materials science, in this field. Soft robotics is, at its core, intellectually and technologically different from hard robotics, both because it has different objectives and uses and because it relies on the properties of materials to assume many of the roles played by sensors, actuators, and controllers in hard robotics.
[900] 软体机器人《应用化学-国际版》，2018，57(16)：4258-4273。本文对软体机器人的描述并非旨在进行传统意义上的综述，即对发展中的领域进行全面的技术总结。相反，其目的是将软体机器人描述为一个新兴领域——它为喜欢动手制作并处理宏观运动和施加力的化学家和材料科学家提供了机会。它将提供一个（个人）观点，阐述软执行器和机器人是什么，以及这类软设备如何融入更发达的传统硬体机器人领域。它还将探讨软体机器人为何不仅仅是硬体机器人的一项小技术调整，并提出化学和材料科学在这一领域中的独特作用。软体机器人本质上在智力和技术上与硬体机器人不同，这不仅因为它有不同的目标和用途，还因为它依赖于材料的特性来承担硬体机器人中传感器、执行器和控制器所扮演的许多角色。

[901] Self-Assembly of a Nano Hydrogel Colloidal Array for the Sensing of Humidity Rsc Advances, 2018, 8(18): 9963-9969. Traditional artificial opals are assembled from silica or polystylene colloidals which have poor swellability and a lower response to stimuli. A novel three-dimensional photonic crystal array sensor which has a high stability and desired structural colour was fabricated from the self assembly of nano hydrogel colloids. The nano hydrogel colloids were prepared by co-polymerisation of N-isopropylacrylamide, functional monomer acrylic acid and N-tert-butylacrylamide. The relative humidity from 20% to 100% could be detected rapidly via the reflection spectrum of the nano hydrogel colloidal array with a maximum amount of red shift of 24 nm. The response kinetics for humidity of the nano hydrogel colloidal array were investigated, and correspondingly, a rational response mechanism of the compactness of the close-packed structure caused by the swelling of the nano hydrogel colloidal array was discussed. The nano hydrogel colloidal array sensor presented good reversibility and can be reused for at least five rounds.
[901] 纳米水凝胶胶体阵列的自组装及其对湿度的传感，Rsc Advances，2018，8（18）：9963-9969。传统的仿生光学晶体是由具有较差膨胀性和较低刺激响应的二氧化硅或聚苯乙烯胶体组装而成。通过纳米水凝胶胶体的自组装，制备了一种具有高稳定性和理想结构色的三维光子晶体阵列传感器。纳米水凝胶胶体是通过 N-异丙基丙烯酰胺、功能单体丙烯酸和 N-叔丁基丙烯酰胺的共聚制备的。通过纳米水凝胶胶体阵列的反射光谱，可以快速检测 20%至 100%的相对湿度，最大红移量为 24 nm。研究了纳米水凝胶胶体阵列对湿度的响应动力学，并讨论了由纳米水凝胶胶体阵列膨胀引起的紧密堆积结构致密度的合理响应机制。该纳米水凝胶胶体阵列传感器具有良好的可逆性，至少可重复使用五轮。

[902] Advanced Colloidal Lithography: From Patterning to Applications Nano Today, 2018, 22: 36-61. This article presents a comprehensive review about the current research activities on colloidal lithography, a highly efficient technology for fabricating large-area patterned functional nanostructures. Three aspects are elaborated: i) self-assembly of monolayer of colloidal crystals (MCCs) and their modifications; ii) lithographic patterning methods, including deposition and patterning of functional materials and pattern transfer onto the underlying substrates; iii) promising applications, especially in the optical and photonic-related fields in the past several years. Finally, perspectives on the current challenges and future trends in this area are given. The present review intends to inspire more ingenious designs and exciting research in colloidal lithography for advanced nanofabrication. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
[902] 先进胶体光刻：从图案化到应用 纳米今天，2018，22：36-61。本文全面综述了胶体光刻当前的研究活动，这是一种用于制造大面积图案化功能纳米结构的非常高效技术。阐述了三个方面：i）胶体晶体单层（MCCs）的自组装及其改性；ii）光刻图案化方法，包括功能材料的沉积和图案化以及图案转移到底层基板上；iii）有希望的应用，特别是在过去几年中的光学和光子相关领域。最后，给出了该领域当前挑战和未来趋势的展望。本综述旨在激发更多创新设计和胶体光刻在先进纳米制造中的激动人心的研究。版权所有（C）2018 Elsevier Ltd。

[903] Designing the Iridescences of Biopolymers by Assembly of Photonic Crystal Superlattices Advanced Optical Materials, 2018, 6(10): 1800066. Structural color in naturally occurring systems is generally constituted by nanoscale lattices of biopolymers that generate beautiful iridescences through their regular structures, often interspersed with defects or period mismatch. Taking inspiration from both formats and materials found in Nature, a series of large-scale, highly reflective biopolymer-based photonic crystal superlattices constituted by stacking layers of 3D nanoscale lattices with different periodicity is presented. These silk photonic crystal superlattices (SPCSs) are fully composed of naturally derived structural proteins (silk fibroin) and exhibit brilliant structural color while being mechanically flexible. Multi-stopbands over broad wavelength ranges or single-stopbands with narrowband spectral responses can be readily realized and precisely controlled by manipulating the hierarchy of the lattice stacks or the repetition periods of the assembled colloidal monolayers. The unique ability to vary the silk protein conformation allows to vary the lattice and controllably "design" the iridescences of the SPCSs with water vapor adding versatility to this biopolymer-based photonic structure.
通过组装光子晶体超晶格设计生物聚合物的彩虹色 《先进光学材料》，2018，6(10): 1800066。自然界中发生的系统中，结构色通常由生物聚合物纳米晶格构成，通过其规则的几何结构产生美丽的彩虹色，通常伴随着缺陷或周期不匹配。从自然界中发现的格式和材料中汲取灵感，提出了一系列由不同周期性的 3D 纳米晶格层叠而成的、大规模、高反射性的基于生物聚合物的光子晶体超晶格。这些丝绸光子晶体超晶格（SPCSs）完全由天然来源的结构蛋白（丝素蛋白）组成，在机械柔韧性的同时展现出鲜艳的结构色。通过操纵晶格堆叠的层次或组装胶体单层的重复周期，可以轻易实现宽带范围内的多停带或窄带光谱响应的单停带。 独特的调节丝蛋白构象的能力，使得可以调节晶格，并通过添加水蒸气可控地“设计”SPCSs 的彩虹色，为这种基于生物聚合物的光子结构增添了多功能性。

[904] Mechano-Based Transductive Sensing for Wearable Healthcare Small, 2018, 14(11): e1702933. Wearable healthcare presents exciting opportunities for continuous, real-time, and noninvasive monitoring of health status. Even though electrochemical and optical sensing have already made great advances, there is still an urgent demand for alternative signal transformation in terms of miniaturization, wearability, conformability, and stretchability. Mechano-based transductive sensing, referred to the efficient transformation of biosignals into measureable mechanical signals, is claimed to exhibit the aforementioned desirable properties, and ultrasensitivity. In this Concept, a focus on pressure, strain, deflection, and swelling transductive principles based on micro-/nanostructures for wearable healthcare is presented. Special attention is paid to biophysical sensors based on pressure/strain, and biochemical sensors based on microfluidic pressure, microcantilever, and photonic crystals. There are still many challenges to be confronted in terms of sample collection, miniaturization, and wireless data readout. With continuing efforts toward solving those problems, it is anticipated that mechano-based transduction will provide an accessible route for multimode wearable healthcare systems integrated with physical, electrophysiological, and biochemical sensors.
[904] 基于机械的传递式传感在可穿戴医疗保健中的应用 小型，2018，14(11)：e1702933。可穿戴医疗保健为连续、实时和非侵入性监测健康状况提供了令人兴奋的机会。尽管电化学和光学传感已经取得了巨大进步，但仍然迫切需要微型化、可穿戴性、顺应性和可拉伸性的替代信号转换。基于机械的传递式传感，即高效地将生物信号转换为可测量的机械信号，据称具有上述所需特性以及超灵敏度。在本概念中，针对可穿戴医疗保健的基于微/纳米结构的压力、应变、弯曲和膨胀传递原理进行了介绍。特别关注基于压力/应变的生物物理传感器和基于微流控压力、微悬臂梁和光子晶体的生化传感器。在样本收集、微型化和无线数据读取方面仍面临许多挑战。 随着持续努力解决这些问题，预计基于机械的转导将为集成物理、电生理和生化传感器的多模态可穿戴医疗系统提供一条可行的途径。

[905] Actuating and Memorizing Bilayer Hydrogels for a Self-Deformed Shape Memory Function Chemical Communications, 2018, 54(10): 1229-1232. A general strategy for fabricating a double layer self-deformed shape memory hydrogel which includes a thermo-responsive actuating layer and a pH-responsive memorizing layer is presented. Compared with traditional shape memory polymer systems, the temporary shape of the hydrogel could be generated by a thermo-responsive actuating layer upon the trigger of heat without the need for an external force, which could be further memorized by the pH-responsive memorizing layer.
[905] 用于自变形形状记忆功能的驱动和记忆双层水凝胶，化学通讯，2018，54(10)：1229-1232。提出了一种制备双层自变形形状记忆水凝胶的通用策略，该水凝胶包括热响应驱动层和 pH 响应记忆层。与传统形状记忆聚合物系统相比，水凝胶的临时形状可以在加热触发下由热响应驱动层生成，无需外部力，并且可以进一步由 pH 响应记忆层记忆。

[906] Mussel-Inspired Fabrication of Konjac Glucomannan/Microcrystalline Cellulose Intelligent Hydrogel with Ph-Responsive Sustained Release Behavior International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2018, 113: 285-293. Intelligent hydrogels are attractive biomaterials for various applications, however, fabricating a hydrogel with both adequate self-healing ability and mechanical properties remains a challenge. Herein, a series of novel intelligent konjac glucomannan (KGM)/microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) hydrogels were prepared vis the mussel-inspired chemistry. MCC was firstly functionalized by the oxidative polymerization of dopamine, and the intelligent hydrogels were obtained by mixing aqueous solutions of KGM and functionalized MCC (PDMCC). By introducing PDMCC, a more compact interconnected porous structure formed for the resulting hydrogels. The self-healing ability and mechanical properties of intelligent hydrogels were dependence on the PDMCC content. Compared with KGM hydrogels, KGM/PDMCC hydrogels exhibited a more distinct pH sensitivity and a lower initial burst release, which was attributed to the compact structure and strong intermolecular hydrogen bond interaction between PDMCC and KGM. These results suggest that the KGM/PDMCC intelligent hydrogels may be promising carriers for controlled drug delivery. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
基于贻贝启发的可溶性淀粉/微晶纤维素智能水凝胶的制备及其 pH 响应持续释放行为 国际生物大分子杂志，2018，113：285-293。智能水凝胶是各种应用的吸引人生物材料，然而，制备具有足够自修复能力和机械性能的水凝胶仍然是一个挑战。在此，通过贻贝启发的化学方法制备了一系列新型智能可溶性淀粉/微晶纤维素（MCC）水凝胶。首先，通过多巴胺的氧化聚合对 MCC 进行功能化，然后通过混合可溶性淀粉和功能化 MCC（PDMCC）的水溶液获得智能水凝胶。通过引入 PDMCC，形成的智能水凝胶具有更紧密的相互连接的多孔结构。智能水凝胶的自修复能力和机械性能取决于 PDMCC 的含量。 与 KGM 水凝胶相比，KGM/PDMCC 水凝胶表现出更明显的 pH 敏感性以及更低的初始释放量，这归因于 PDMCC 与 KGM 之间紧密的结构和强烈的分子间氢键相互作用。这些结果表明，KGM/PDMCC 智能水凝胶可能是有望的药物控制释放载体。（C）2018 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[907] Softening and Shape Morphing of Stiff Tough Hydrogels by Localized Unlocking of the Trivalent Ionically Cross-Linked Centers Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 2018, 39(12): 1800143. The mechanical properties (e.g., stiffness, stretchability) of prefabricated hydrogels are of pivotal importance for diverse applications in tissue engineering, soft robotics, and medicine. This study reports a feasible method to fabricate ultrasoft and highly stretchable structures from stiff and tough hydrogels of low stretchability and the application of these switchable hydrogels in programmable shape-morphing systems. Stiff and tough hydrogel structures are first fabricated by the mechanical strengthening of Ca2+-alginate/polyacrylamide tough hydrogels by addition of Fe3+ ions, which introduces Fe3+ ionically cross-linked centers into the Ca2+ divalent cross-linked hydrogel, forming an additional and much less flexible trivalent ionically cross-linked network. The resulting stiff and tough hydrogels are exposed to an L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C, VC) solution to rapidly reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+. As a result, flexible divalent ionically cross-linked networks are formed, leading to swift softening of the stiff and tough hydrogels. Moreover, localized stiffness variation of the tough hydrogels can be realized by precise patterning of the VC solution. To validate this concept, sequential steps of VC patterning are carried out for local tuning of the stiffness of the hydrogels. With this strategy, localized softening, unfolding, and sequential folding of the tough hydrogels into complex 3D structures is demonstrated.
[907] 通过局部解锁三价离子交联中心实现刚性 tough hydrogels 的软化与形状变形，Macromolecular Rapid Communications，2018，39(12): 1800143。预制水凝胶的力学性能（例如，刚度、可拉伸性）对于组织工程、软体机器人和医学等领域的多种应用至关重要。本研究报道了一种从低可拉伸性的刚性和 tough hydrogels 制造超软和高可拉伸结构的方法，以及这些可切换水凝胶在可编程形状变形系统中的应用。首先通过添加 Fe3+ 离子对 Ca2+-alginate/polyacrylamide tough hydrogels 进行机械强化，将 Fe3+ 离子交联中心引入 Ca2+ 双价交联水凝胶中，形成了一个额外的、远不如双价交联网络灵活的三价离子交联网络。所得的刚性和 tough hydrogels 被暴露于 L-抗坏血酸（维生素 C，VC）溶液中，以快速将 Fe3+ 还原为 Fe2+。 因此，形成了灵活的双价离子交联网络，导致刚性和坚韧的水凝胶迅速软化。此外，可以通过精确图案化 VC 溶液实现坚韧水凝胶的局部刚度变化。为了验证这一概念，对 VC 图案化的连续步骤进行执行，以对水凝胶的刚度进行局部调节。采用这种策略，展示了坚韧水凝胶在复杂 3D 结构中的局部软化、展开和连续折叠。

[908] Chameleon-Like Elastomers with Molecularly Encoded Strain-Adaptive Stiffening and Coloration Science, 2018, 359(6383): 1509-+. Active camouflage is widely recognized as a soft-tissue feature, and yet the ability to integrate adaptive coloration and tissuelike mechanical properties into synthetic materials remains elusive. We provide a solution to this problem by uniting these functions in moldable elastomers through the self-assembly of linear-bottlebrush-linear triblock copolymers. Microphase separation of the architecturally distinct blocks results in physically cross-linked networks that display vibrant color, extreme softness, and intense strain stiffening on par with that of skin tissue. Each of these functional properties is regulated by the structure of one macromolecule, without the need for chemical cross-linking or additives. These materials remain stable under conditions characteristic of internal bodily environments and under ambient conditions, neither swelling in bodily fluids nor drying when exposed to air.
具有分子编码应变自适应刚化和着色性能的变色橡胶：科学，2018，359（6383）：1509-+. 活性伪装被广泛认为是软组织特征，然而将自适应着色和类似组织的机械性能整合到合成材料中仍然是一个难题。我们通过将线性梳状-线性嵌段共聚物的自组装结合到可塑弹性体中，解决了这个问题。具有独特结构的块状微相分离导致形成具有鲜艳色彩、极端柔软性和与皮肤组织相当的强烈应变刚化的物理交联网络。这些功能特性均由一个高分子结构调控，无需化学交联或添加剂。这些材料在内部身体环境条件和环境条件下保持稳定，既不在体液中膨胀，也不在空气中干燥。

[909] Construction of Protein-Based Semisynthetic Biosensors ACS Sensors, 2018, 3(3): 527-539. Chemically constructed biosensors consisting of a protein scaffold and an artificial small molecule have recently been recognized as attractive analytical tools for the specific detection and real-time monitoring of various biological substances or events in cells. Conventionally, such semisynthetic biosensors have been prepared in test tubes and then introduced into cells using invasive methods. With the impressive advances seen in bioorthogonal protein conjugation methodologies, however, it is now becoming feasible to directly construct semisynthetic biosensors in living cells, providing unprecedented tools for life-science research. We discuss here recent efforts regarding the in situ construction of protein-based semisynthetic biosensors and highlight their uses in the visualization and quantification of biomolecules and events in multimolecular and crowded cellular systems.
[909] 蛋白质基半合成生物传感器的构建 ACS Sensors，2018，3(3)：527-539。由蛋白质支架和人工小分子组成的化学构建的生物传感器最近被认定为具有吸引力的分析工具，用于特定检测和实时监测细胞中的各种生物物质或事件。传统上，此类半合成生物传感器在试管中制备，然后通过侵入性方法引入细胞。然而，随着生物正交蛋白偶联方法取得的令人印象深刻的进展，现在直接在活细胞中构建半合成生物传感器已成为可能，为生命科学研究提供了前所未有的工具。本文讨论了关于蛋白质基半合成生物传感器原位构建的最新努力，并强调了它们在多分子和拥挤的细胞系统中生物分子和事件的可视化和定量中的应用。

[910] Inducing and Erasing of Defect State in Polymerized Microgel Colloidal Crystals Via External Stimuli Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2018, 526: 83-89. It remains a big challenge to introduce artificial extrinsic defects into colloidal crystals, which is critical for them to function as photonic crystals. The introduction of smart defects capable of responding to external stimuli is even harder. Here poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgel colloidal crystals doped with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (P(NIPAM-AAc)) microgel were obtained by self-assembly of the two microgels with the same size. The crystalline structure was then stabilized in situ by photo-initiated polymerization of the vinyl groups on surface of the PNIPAM microgel. Defect state can be facilely induced and then erased reversibly by changing pH or temperature, taking advantage of the different response of the two microgels to external stimuli. The defect state can be induced and erased repeatedly. In addition, the response of the doped crystals is fast because of their inherent porous structure. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
通过外部刺激诱导和擦除聚合物微凝胶胶体晶体中的缺陷状态 《胶体与界面科学杂志》，2018，526：83-89。将人工外源缺陷引入胶体晶体中仍然是一个巨大的挑战，这对于它们作为光子晶体功能至关重要。引入能够对外部刺激做出响应的智能缺陷则更加困难。在这里，通过自组装相同尺寸的两种微凝胶，获得了掺杂聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酸)（P(NIPAM-AAc)）微凝胶的聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)（PNIPAM）微凝胶胶体晶体。然后通过光引发聚合物化 PNIPAM 微凝胶表面的乙烯基基团，原位稳定了晶体结构。通过改变 pH 值或温度，可以利用两种微凝胶对外部刺激的不同响应，轻松诱导和可逆地擦除缺陷状态。缺陷状态可以反复诱导和擦除。此外，由于掺杂晶体的固有多孔结构，它们的响应速度快。（C）2018 Elsevier Inc. 版权所有。

[911] Rapid Recovery Hydrogel Actuators in Air with Bionic Large-Ranged Gradient Structure ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018, 10(46): 40125-40131. Fast recovery in a nonaqueous environment is a big challenge for hydrogel actuators. In this work, a temperature-responsive hydrogel actuator with outstandingly rapid recovery in air was reported. The hydrogel with bionic large-ranged gradient structure was fabricated by copolymerization of hydrophilic monomer hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) and N-isopropylacrylamide in the dispersion of Laponite utilizing a facile electrophoretic method. The deformation degree and time can be regulated by varying the concentration of HEA to change the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and swelling of the hydrogel. A dynamic equilibrium between the water into and out of the hydrogel was observed, and the hydrogel showed no shrink above LCST. The synthesized hydrogels showed fast response in hot water and rapid recovery in air. Such nonshrink characteristics and excellent reversibility made it possible for these hydrogels to be used as temperature-controlled microfluidic switches. This work provided an approach to design fast recovery hydrogel actuators by the incorporation of hydrophilic monomers and extend the application of the hydrogel actuators into fields such as soft robots, micromanipulation, microfluidics and artificial muscles in various environments.
[911] 空气中具有仿生大范围梯度结构的快速恢复水凝胶致动器 ACS 应用材料与界面，2018，10(46)：40125-40131。在非水环境中实现快速恢复是水凝胶致动器面临的一大挑战。在这项工作中，一种在空气中表现出卓越快速恢复的温度响应性水凝胶致动器被报道。通过在 Laponite 分散体中利用简便的电泳方法，通过亲水性单体羟乙基丙烯酸酯（HEA）和 N-异丙基丙烯酰胺的共聚，制备了具有仿生大范围梯度结构的水凝胶。通过改变 HEA 的浓度来调节下临界溶液温度（LCST）和凝胶的溶胀程度，可以调节变形程度和时间。观察到水凝胶内部的水分进出动态平衡，且在 LCST 以上凝胶无收缩。合成的凝胶在热水中的响应速度快，在空气中的恢复也快。这种非收缩特性和优异的可逆性使得这些凝胶能够用作温度控制微流控开关。 这项工作提供了一种通过引入亲水单体来设计快速恢复水凝胶驱动器的方法，并将水凝胶驱动器的应用扩展到软体机器人、微操作、微流控和多种环境中的人工肌肉等领域。

[912] A Fast, Reversible, and Robust Gradient Nanocomposite Hydrogel Actuator with Water-Promoted Thermal Response Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 2018, 39(8): 1700863. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/Laponite (PNIPAM/Laponite) gradient nanocomposite hydrogel actuators are developed as temperature-controlled actuators with excellent performance using a facile electrophoresis method. The actuators exhibit a rapid (20 s response time) and reversible response, as well as large deformation (bending angle of 231 degrees), which is due to the graded forces generated by the thermo-induced anisotropic shrinkage and extension of the gradient hydrogels. A good linear relationship is observed between the maximum bending angles and the corresponding temperatures for the actuators with fixed sizes. Moreover, the gradient hydrogel with high water content achieved larger actuation angles and shorter response time than the one with low water content, showing an interesting water-promoted effect. Meanwhile, different types of actuators are designed to suit for more specific scenarios, and may be used for various applications, such as biosensing, artificial organization, and transportation of targeted objects.
[912] 一种快速、可逆和鲁棒的梯度纳米复合水凝胶驱动器，具有水促进的热响应，快速通讯，2018，39(8)：1700863。通过简便的电泳方法开发了聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)/凹凸棒石（PNIPAM/Laponite）梯度纳米复合水凝胶驱动器，作为具有优异性能的温度控制驱动器。驱动器表现出快速（20 秒响应时间）和可逆的响应，以及大的形变（弯曲角度为 231 度），这是由于梯度水凝胶的热诱导各向异性收缩和扩展产生的分级力所致。对于固定尺寸的驱动器，观察到最大弯曲角度与相应温度之间存在良好的线性关系。此外，高水分含量的梯度水凝胶比低水分含量的水凝胶实现了更大的驱动角度和更短的响应时间，显示出有趣的水促进效应。 同时，为适应更具体的场景，设计了不同类型的执行器，可用于各种应用，如生物传感、人工组织和目标物体的运输。

[913] Controlling Spatiotemporal Mechanics of Supramolecular Hydrogel Networks with Highly Branched Cucurbit[8]Uril Polyrotaxanes Advanced Functional Materials, 2018, 28(7). Attempts to rationally tune the macroscopic mechanical performance of supramolecular hydrogel networks through noncovalent molecular interactions have led to a wide variety of supramolecular materials with desirable functions. While the viscoelastic properties are dominated by temporal hierarchy (crosslinking kinetics), direct mechanistic studies on spatiotemporal control of supramolecular hydrogel networks, based on host-guest chemistry, have not yet been established. Here, supramolecular hydrogel networks assembled from highly branched cucurbit[8]uril-threaded polyrotaxanes (HBP-CB[8]) and naphthyl-functionalized hydroxyethyl cellulose (HECNp) are reported, exploiting the CB[8] host-guest complexation. Mechanically locking CB[8] host molecules onto a highly branched hydrophilic polymer backbone, through selective binary complexation with viologen derivatives, dramatically increases the solubility of CB[8]. Additionally, the branched architecture enables tuning of material dynamics of the supramolecular hydrogel networks via both topological (spatial hierarchy) and kinetic (temporal hierarchy) control. Relationship between macroscopic properties (time- and temperature-dependent rheological properties, thermal stability, and reversibility), spatiotemporal hierarchy, and chain dynamics of the highly branched polyrotaxane hydrogel networks is investigated in detail. Such kind of tuning of material mechanics through spatiotemporal hierarchy improves our understanding of the challenging relationship between design of supramolecular polymeric materials and their complex viscoelasticity, and also highlights a facile strategy to engineer dynamic supramolecular materials.
[913] 用高度支化葫芦控制超分子水凝胶网络的时空力学[8]Uril Polyrotaxanes Advanced Functional Materials， 2018， 28（7）.试图通过非共价分子相互作用合理调节超分子水凝胶网络的宏观力学性能，这导致了具有理想功能的多种超分子材料。虽然粘弹性性由时间层次结构（交联动力学）主导，但基于主客体化学的超分子水凝胶网络时空控制的直接机理研究尚未建立。在这里，报道了由高度支化的葫芦[8]脲螺纹聚轮烷 （HBP-CB[8]） 和萘基官能化羟乙基纤维素 （HECNp） 组装的超分子水凝胶网络，利用 CB[8] 主客体络合。通过与紫精衍生物的选择性二元络合，将 CB[8] 宿主分子机械锁定在高度支化的亲水性聚合物骨架上，显着增加了 CB[8] 的溶解度。 此外，分支架构通过拓扑（空间层次）和动力学（时间层次）控制，使超分子水凝胶网络的材料动力学得以调节。详细研究了高度分支的多螺环水凝胶网络的宏观性质（时间温度依赖性流变性质、热稳定性和可逆性）、时空层次和链动力学之间的关系。通过时空层次调节材料力学，提高了我们对超分子聚合物材料设计与其复杂粘弹性之间挑战性关系的理解，同时也突显了一种构建动态超分子材料的简便策略。

[914] \ Photonic Crystals for Nano-Light in Moire Graphene Superlattices Science, 2018, 362(6419): 1153-+. Graphene is an atomically thin plasmonic medium that supports highly confined plasmon polaritons, or nano-light, with very low loss. Electronic properties of graphene can be drastically altered when it is laid upon another graphene layer, resulting in a moire superlattice. The relative twist angle between the two layers is a key tuning parameter of the interlayer coupling in thus-obtained twisted bilayer graphene (TBG). We studied the propagation of plasmon polaritons in TBG by infrared nano-imaging. We discovered that the atomic reconstruction occurring at small twist angles transforms the TBG into a natural plasmon photonic crystal for propagating nano-light. This discovery points to a pathway for controlling nano-light by exploiting quantum properties of graphene and other atomically layered van der Waals materials, eliminating the need for arduous top-down nanofabrication.
[914] 光子晶体在摩尔石墨烯超晶格中的纳米光 Science，2018，362(6419)：1153-+. 石墨烯是一种原子级薄的等离子体介质，能够支持高度约束的等离子体激元，即纳米光，且损耗极低。当石墨烯层堆叠在另一层石墨烯上时，其电子性质会发生剧烈变化，从而形成摩尔超晶格。两层之间的相对扭转角度是所得扭曲双层石墨烯（TBG）层间耦合的关键调节参数。我们通过红外纳米成像研究了 TBG 中等离子体激元的传播。我们发现，在小扭转角度下发生的原子重构将 TBG 转化为传播纳米光的自然等离子体光子晶体。这一发现指出了通过利用石墨烯和其他原子层状范德华材料的量子性质来控制纳米光的方法，消除了需要艰苦的从上到下纳米加工的需求。

[915] Functional Biomaterials Towards Flexible Electronics and Sensors Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 2018, 119: 237-251. Biomaterials have gained increasing attention in the fabrication of a variety of flexible electronics due to their tunable solubility, robust mechanical property, multi-active binding sites, and excellent biocompatible and biodegradable characterization as well. Here, we review the recent progress of bio-based materials in flexible sensors, mainly describe nature biomaterials (silk fibroin, cellulose and chitin) and chemical-synthesized biomaterials as well as their applications in health monitors, biosensor, human-machine interactions (HMIs) and more, and highlight the current opportunities and challenges that lay ahead in mounting numbers of academia and industry. Furthermore, we expect this review could contribute to unveiling the potentials of developing outstanding and eco-friendly sensors with biomaterials by utilization of printing techniques.
[915] 功能生物材料：用于柔性电子和传感器 生物传感器与生物电子学，2018，119：237-251。由于生物材料具有可调的溶解性、优异的机械性能、多活性结合位点以及优异的生物相容性和生物降解性，因此在各种柔性电子器件的制造中越来越受到关注。在此，我们回顾了生物基材料在柔性传感器领域的最新进展，主要描述了天然生物材料（丝素蛋白、纤维素和几丁质）以及化学合成的生物材料，以及它们在健康监测器、生物传感器、人机交互（HMIs）等领域的应用，并突出了当前在学术界和工业界面临的机遇和挑战。此外，我们期望这篇综述能够通过利用印刷技术揭示开发杰出且环保的传感器利用生物材料的潜力。

[916] Hydrogel Interferometry for Ultrasensitive and Highly Selective Chemical Detection Advanced Materials, 2018, 30(46): e1804916. Developing ultrasensitive chemical sensors with small scale and fast response through simple design and low-cost fabrication is highly desired but still challenging. Herein, a simple and universal sensing platform based on a hydrogel interferometer with femtomol-level sensitivity in detecting (bio)chemical molecules is demonstrated. A unique local concentrating effect (up to 10(9) folds) in the hydrogel induced by the strong analyte binding and large amount of ligands, combined with the signal amplification effect by optical interference, endows this platform with an ultrahigh sensitivity, specifically 10(-14) M for copper ions and 1.0 x 10(-11) mg mL(-1) for glycoprotein with 2-4 order-of-magnitude enhancement. The specific chemical reactions between selected ligands and target analytes provide high selectivity in detecting complex fluids. This universal principle with broad chemistry, simple physics, and modular design allows for high performance in detecting wide customer choices of analytes, including metal ions and proteins. The scale of the sensor can be down to micrometer size. The nature of the soft gel makes this platform transparent, flexible, stretchable, and compatible with a variety of substrates, showing high sensing stability and robustness after 200 cycles of bending or stretching. The outstanding sensing performance grants this platform great promise in broad practical applications.
[916] 水凝胶干涉仪用于超灵敏和高度选择性的化学检测 高分子材料科学，2018，30(46)：e1804916。通过简单设计和低成本制造开发具有小尺寸和快速响应的超灵敏化学传感器，这一需求高度迫切但仍具挑战性。在此，展示了一种基于水凝胶干涉仪的简单通用传感平台，该平台在检测（生物）化学分子时具有飞摩尔级灵敏度。由强分析物结合和大量配体引起的水凝胶中的独特局部浓缩效应（高达 10^9 倍），结合光学干涉的信号放大效应，赋予该平台超高的灵敏度，特别是对铜离子为 10^-14 M，对糖蛋白为 1.0 x 10^-11 mg mL^-1，具有 2-4 个数量级的增强。所选配体与目标分析物之间的特定化学反应在检测复杂流体时提供了高选择性。这一具有广泛化学、简单物理和模块化设计的通用原理，使得在检测包括金属离子和蛋白质在内的广泛分析物时具有高性能。 传感器的尺寸可以缩小到微米级别。软凝胶的性质使得该平台透明、柔韧、可拉伸，并且与多种基底兼容，在经过 200 次弯曲或拉伸后表现出高传感稳定性和鲁棒性。卓越的传感性能使该平台在广泛的应用中具有巨大潜力。

[917] Transparent, Uv-Proof and Mechanically Strong Montmorillonite/Alginate/Ca Nanocomposite Hydrogel Films with Solvent Sensitivity Applied Clay Science, 2018, 165: 223-233. Fully swollen montmorillonite/alginate/Ca2+ (Ca2+-MtAlg) nanocomposites with a specific chemical composition are expected to show well-ordered microstructure, excellent mechanical properties, unique optical properties and solvent sensitivities. Inspired by nacre, Ca2+-MtAlg nanocomposite hydrogel films with high montmorillonite mass contents (>= 20%) were synthesised by solution casting, followed by subsequent ionic crosslinking. The fully swollen Ca2+-MtAlg nanocomposite films were mechanically flexible and stable in water. By regulating the relative content of alginate and Mt, it was possible for the hydrogel films to reach a high tensile strength of 28 MPa. Ca2+-MtAlg hydrogel films also showed acceptable transparency and high efficiency in blocking ultraviolet light. Furthermore, they demonstrated solvent sensitivity; the hydrogels lost water in either methanol or acetone, the one with an Mt/Alg mass ratio of 1:4 coiled seriously in acetone while those with a lower mass ratio were more stable in either methanol or acetone. Overall, Ca2+-MtAlg nanocomposite hydrogel films have the potential for use in stimuli-responsive load-bearing biomedical applications, skin care and beyond.
[917] 具有溶剂敏感性的透明、耐紫外线和机械强度高的蒙脱石/海藻酸盐/钙纳米复合水凝胶薄膜，应用于溶剂敏感粘土科学，2018，165：223-233。具有特定化学组成的完全膨胀的蒙脱石/海藻酸盐/Ca2+（Ca2+-MtAlg）纳米复合材料预计将显示出良好的微观结构、优异的机械性能、独特的光学性能和溶剂敏感性。受珍珠启发，通过溶液浇铸合成了高蒙脱石质量含量（>= 20%）的 Ca2+-MtAlg 纳米复合水凝胶薄膜，随后进行后续的离子交联。完全膨胀的 Ca2+-MtAlg 纳米复合薄膜在水中具有机械柔韧性和稳定性。通过调节海藻酸盐和蒙脱石的相对含量，水凝胶薄膜可以达到高达 28 MPa 的拉伸强度。Ca2+-MtAlg 水凝胶薄膜也显示出可接受的透明度和阻挡紫外线的效率。 此外，他们展示了溶剂敏感性；水凝胶在甲醇或丙酮中都会失去水分，其中 Mt/Alg 质量比为 1:4 的样品在丙酮中严重卷曲，而质量比较低的样品在甲醇或丙酮中更稳定。总体而言，Ca2+-MtAlg 纳米复合水凝胶薄膜在刺激响应型承重生物医学应用、皮肤护理等领域具有潜在应用价值。

[918] Tough, Resilient and Ph-Sensitive Interpenetrating Polyacrylamide/Alginate/Montmorillonite Nanocomposite Hydrogels Carbohydrate Polymers, 2018, 197: 497-507. Alginate, a naturally abundant and environmentally friendly carbohydrate polymer, can form ionically crosslinked hydrogels with Ca2+. Therefore, a novel design of interpenetrating nanocomposite hydrogels (PMACa) is proposed, which is synthesized by in situ polymerization of acrylamide in the presence of montmorillonite platelets and sodium alginate at an elevated temperature, followed by secondary crosslinking of the hydrogel using a CaCl2 solution. PMACa displays superior tensile strength and strain at break under the fully swollen state, as well as rapid shape recovery and insignificant residual strain upon the release of an external load. Furthermore, PMACa also shows remarkable reversible pH-dependent swelling/deswelling behaviors due to the pH-sensitivities of alginate network and montmorillonite platelets. These new high-performance interpenetrating alginate-containing nanocomposite hydrogels may find potential applications as aquatic load-bearing materials for artificial tissues, actuators, agriculture, etc.
[918] 耐磨、韧性和 pH 敏感的互穿聚丙烯酰胺/海藻酸盐/蒙脱石纳米复合水凝胶 碳水化合物聚合物，2018，197：497-507。海藻酸盐是一种天然丰富且环保的碳水化合物聚合物，可以与 Ca2+形成离子交联水凝胶。因此，提出了一种新型的互穿纳米复合水凝胶（PMACa）设计，该设计通过在高温下将蒙脱石片层和海藻酸钠存在下原位聚合丙烯酰胺，然后使用 CaCl2 溶液进行二次交联水凝胶。PMACa 在完全溶胀状态下表现出优异的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率，以及在释放外部载荷后快速恢复形状和微小的残余应变。此外，由于海藻酸盐网络和蒙脱石片层的 pH 敏感性，PMACa 还显示出显著的 pH 依赖性可逆膨胀/收缩行为。这些新型高性能互穿海藻酸盐纳米复合水凝胶可能作为水生承重材料在人工组织、执行器、农业等领域具有潜在应用。

[919] An Adaptive Supramolecular Hydrogel Comprising Self-Sorting Double Nanofibre Networks Nature Nanotechnology, 2018, 13(2): 165-172. Novel soft materials should comprise multiple supramolecular nanostructures whose responses (for example, assembly and disassembly) to external stimuli can be controlled independently. Such multicomponent systems are present in living cells and control the formation and break-up of a variety of supramolecular assemblies made of proteins, lipids, DNA and RNA in response to external stimuli; however, artificial counterparts are challenging to make. Here, we present a hybrid hydrogel consisting of a self-sorting double network of nanofibres in which each network responds to an applied external stimulus independent of the other. The hydrogel can be made to change its mechanical properties and rates of release of encapsulated proteins by adding Na2S2O4 or bacterial alkaline phosphatase. Notably, the properties of the gel depend on the order in which the external stimuli are applied. Multicomponent hydrogels comprising orthogonal stimulus-responsive supramolecular assemblies would be suitable for designing novel adaptive materials.
[919] 一种由自排序双纳米纤维网络组成的自适应超分子水凝胶 自然纳米技术，2018，13(2)：165-172。新型软材料应包含多个超分子纳米结构，其对外部刺激（例如，组装和分解）的反应可以独立控制。这样的多组分系统存在于活细胞中，并控制蛋白质、脂质、DNA 和 RNA 等组成的各种超分子组装的形成和分解，以响应外部刺激；然而，人工对应物制造起来具有挑战性。在这里，我们介绍了一种由自排序双纳米纤维网络组成的混合水凝胶，其中每个网络对外部刺激的反应独立于另一个网络。通过添加 Na2S2O4 或细菌碱性磷酸酶，可以改变水凝胶的机械性能和封装蛋白质的释放速率。值得注意的是，凝胶的性质取决于外部刺激的应用顺序。包含正交刺激响应超分子组装的多组分水凝胶适合于设计新型自适应材料。

[920] A Competitive Aptamer Chemiluminescence Assay for Ochratoxin a Using a Single Silica Photonic Crystal Microsphere Analytical Biochemistry, 2018, 554: 28-33. We designed a competitive aptamer chemiluminescence assay for ochratoxin A (OTA) on the surface of a single silica photonic crystal microsphere (SPCM) in cereal samples. The structural color of SPCMs is used to recognize and trace the microspheres during process of detection. Anti-aptamer was immobilized on the surface of SPCM. OTA and anti-aptamer competed to bind to aptamer when OTA and its aptamer (labeled by biotin at 5'end) were added in the system. The chemiluminescence signal was developed by the horseradish peroxidase (HRP), luminol and H2O2. The molecules on the single SPCM can produce enough chemiluminescence signal intensity for quantitative detection for OTA. The linear detection range for OTA was from 1 pg/mL to 1 ng/mL and recovery rates were 89%-95%, 81%-92% and 94%-105% in rice, wheat and corn, respectively. The results showed that the developed method for OTA using a single SPCM has a great application potential in cereal samples.
[920] 基于单个二氧化硅光子晶体微球（SPCM）的 Ochratoxin a 竞争性适配体化学发光测定法，分析生物化学，2018，554：28-33。我们设计了一种基于单个 SPCM 表面的 Ochratoxin A（OTA）竞争性适配体化学发光测定法。SPCM 的结构色用于在检测过程中识别和追踪微球。抗适配体固定在 SPCM 表面。当 OTA 及其适配体（5'端标记生物素）被添加到系统中时，OTA 和抗适配体竞争结合适配体。化学发光信号由辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）、鲁米诺和 H2O2 产生。单个 SPCM 上的分子可以产生足够的化学发光信号强度，用于 OTA 的定量检测。OTA 的线性检测范围从 1 pg/mL 到 1 ng/mL，在大米、小麦和玉米中的回收率分别为 89%-95%、81%-92%和 94%-105%。结果表明，使用单个 SPCM 开发的 OTA 测定法在谷物样品中具有很大的应用潜力。

[921] Pregnancy in Serious Illness Journal of Hospice & Palliative Nursing, 2018, 20(3): 212-216. Pregnancy in the presence of serious illness and treatment can create a moral and ethical struggle. There is little literature to provide an ethical framework for decision making when women become pregnant while receiving aggressive care for any serious illness. The family and care team often have moral distress as they provide support and are integrally involved in decision making. A case study is presented to describe a complicated patient scenario and how all involved can develop emotional, moral, and ethical struggles as care is delivered. In clinical cases where nurses feel that their own ethical and moral frameworks are either in conflict with patient, family, or health care provider decisions, or feel that patient and family wishes conflict with one another or the health care system, emotions and distress rise to the surface. In these situations, nurses can advocate for standard practice and to use an ethical framework for decision making, such as the 4-box method, to help decrease moral and ethical struggles as technology continues to advance in health care.
[921] 重病中的妊娠《临终关怀与姑息护理杂志》，2018，20(3)：212-216。在患有严重疾病并接受治疗的情况下妊娠可能会引发道德和伦理上的挣扎。关于女性在接受任何严重疾病的积极治疗时妊娠的伦理决策框架的文献很少。家庭和护理团队在提供支持和参与决策过程中常常会感到道德上的痛苦。本文通过一个案例研究来描述一个复杂的患者情景以及所有相关人员如何在提供护理过程中发展出情感、道德和伦理上的挣扎。在临床案例中，当护士感到自己的伦理和道德框架与患者、家庭或医疗提供者的决策相冲突，或者感到患者和家庭的愿望相互冲突或与医疗体系冲突时，情绪和痛苦就会浮出水面。在这些情况下，护士可以倡导标准实践并使用伦理决策框架，如四框法，以帮助减少随着医疗技术进步而产生的道德和伦理上的挣扎。

[922] Stretchable Optomechanical Fiber Sensors for Pressure Determination in Compressive Medical Textiles Advanced Healthcare Materials, 2018, 7(15): e1800293. Medical textiles are widely used to exert pressure on human tissues during treatment of post-surgical hematoma, burn-related wounds, chronic venous ulceration, and other maladies. However, the inability to dynamically sense and adjust the applied pressure often leads to suboptimal pressure application, prolonging treatment or resulting in poor patient outcomes. Here, a simple strategy for measuring sub-bandage pressure by integrating stretchable optomechanical fibers into elastic bandages is demonstrated. Specifically, these fibers possess an elastomeric photonic multilayer cladding that surrounds an extruded stretchable core filament. They can sustain repetitive strains of over 100%, and respond to deformation with a predictable and reversible color variation. Integrated into elastic textiles, which apply pressure as a function of their strain, these fibers can provide instantaneous and localized pressure feedback. These colorimetric fiber sensors are well suited for medical textiles, athletic apparel, and other smart wearable technologies, especially when repetitive, large deformations are required.
[922] 可拉伸光机械纤维传感器在压缩医疗纺织品中的压力测定，先进医疗材料，2018，7(15)：e1800293。医疗纺织品广泛应用于在术后血肿、烧伤相关伤口、慢性静脉溃疡和其他疾病治疗过程中对人类组织施加压力。然而，无法动态感知和调整施加的压力往往导致压力应用不佳，延长治疗时间或导致患者预后不良。在此，通过将可拉伸光机械纤维集成到弹性绷带中来测量亚绷带压力的简单策略得到展示。具体来说，这些纤维具有一个围绕挤出可拉伸芯丝的弹性光子多层包层。它们可以承受超过 100%的重复应变，并对变形产生可预测和可逆的颜色变化。集成到弹性纺织品中，这些纺织品将压力作为其应变的函数施加，这些纤维可以提供即时和局部的压力反馈。 这些比色光纤传感器非常适合医疗纺织品、运动服装和其他智能可穿戴技术，尤其是在需要重复、大变形的情况下。

[923] Bioinspired Color Materials Combining Structural, Dye, and Background Colors Small, 2018, 14(30): e1800817. Human beings have developed many dyes and pigments and use them for printed and display materials to share information. Today's information society is not possible without these color materials. Some living organisms utilize body color for information exchange and protection by skilfully combining dye, structural, and background colors to realize a body color change based on circumstances. In this study, inspired by the extraordinary body color changes of living things, a composite color material combining photochromic dyes, a black substance, a spherical colloidal crystal exhibiting a structural color, and a background color is prepared. In addition to combining a dye color and a structural color that changes upon light irradiation, the contribution of the different effects of the background color on each coloring property allows the construction of a color material that can reversibly change into various colors under different conditions.
生物启发的结合结构色、染料色和背景色的颜色材料 小，2018，14(30)：e1800817。人类已经开发了许多染料和颜料，并用于印刷和显示材料以共享信息。没有这些颜色材料，今天的信息社会是不可能的。一些生物体利用体色进行信息交流和保护，通过巧妙地结合染料、结构色和背景色，根据环境实现体色的变化。在本研究中，受生物体非凡的体色变化启发，制备了一种复合颜色材料，该材料结合了光致变色染料、一种黑色物质、一种呈现结构色的球形胶体晶体和背景色。除了结合染料色和光照射时发生变化的结构色外，背景色对每种着色特性的不同影响贡献，使得可以构建在不同条件下可逆地变为各种颜色的颜色材料。

[924] An Automated Microfluidic Assay for Photonic Crystal Enhanced Detection and Analysis of an Antiviral Antibody Cancer Biomarker in Serum IEEE Sensors Journal, 2018, 18(4): 1464-1473. We report on the implementation of an automated platform for detecting the presence of an antibody biomarker for human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal cancer from a single droplet of serum, in which a nanostructured photonic crystal surface is used to amplify the output of a fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay. The platform is comprised of a microfluidic cartridge with integrated photonic crystal chips that interfaces with an assay instrument that automates the introduction of reagents, wash steps, and surface drying. Upon assay completion, the cartridge interfaces with a custom laser-scanning instrument that couples light into the photonic crystal at the optimal resonance condition for fluorescence enhancement. The instrument is used to measure the fluorescence intensity values of microarray spots corresponding to the biomarkers of interest, in addition to several experimental controls that verify correct functioning of the assay protocol. In this paper, we report both dose-response characterization of the system using anti-E7 antibody introduced at known concentrations into serum and characterization of a set of clinical samples from which results were compared with a conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay performed in microplate format. The demonstrated capability represents a simple, rapid, automated, and high-sensitivity method for the multiplexed detection of protein biomarkers from a low-volume test sample.
[924] 一种用于血清中抗病毒抗体癌症生物标志物光子晶体增强检测与分析的自动化微流控检测方法，IEEE 传感器杂志，2018，18(4)：1464-1473。我们报道了一种自动化平台的实施，该平台可以从单个血清滴中检测人乳头瘤病毒相关口咽癌抗体生物标志物的存在，其中使用纳米结构光子晶体表面来放大荧光免疫吸附试验的输出。该平台由一个集成了光子晶体芯片的微流控卡式样品室组成，该样品室与一个自动化试剂引入、洗涤步骤和表面干燥的检测仪器相连接。检测完成后，样品室与一个定制的激光扫描仪器相连接，该仪器在最佳共振条件下将光耦合到光子晶体中，以增强荧光。该仪器用于测量对应于感兴趣生物标志物的微阵列点的荧光强度值，以及验证检测方案正确性的几个实验对照。 在这篇论文中，我们报告了使用已知浓度的抗 E7 抗体对系统进行剂量-反应特征化，以及从一组临床样本中进行的特征化，这些结果与在微孔板格式下进行的传统酶联免疫吸附测定结果进行了比较。所展示的能力代表了一种简单、快速、自动化和高灵敏度的方法，用于从低体积测试样本中检测蛋白质生物标志物。

[925] Simultaneous Microscopic Structure Characteristics of Shape-Memory Effects of Thermo-Responsive Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride- -Hexafluoropropylene) Inverse Opals ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018, 10(4): 4243-4249. This paper presents a simultaneous microscopic structure characteristic of shape-memory (SM) poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) in-verse opals together with a bulk PVDF-HFP by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The materials show a thermo-sensitive micro-SM property, accompanied with a reversible and modulated optical property: The introduction of the inverse opal structure into the shape-memory polymer material renders a recognition ability of the microstructure change aroused from complex environmental signals by an optical signal, which can be simultaneously detected by SEM. Furthermore, this feature was applied as a reversible write/erase of fingerprint pattern through the press-stimulus and solvent-induced effect, together with the changes of morphology/optical signal. This micro-SM property can be attributed to the shrink/swell effect of the polymer chain from external stimuli combined with the microscopic structure of inverse opals. It will trigger a promising way toward designing reversible micro-deformed actuators.
[925] 热响应型聚（乙烯基 iden 氟化物-六氟丙烯）逆光子晶体形状记忆效应的微观结构特性同步研究 ACS 应用材料与界面，2018，10（4）：4243-4249。本文通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）同时研究了聚（乙烯基 iden 氟化物-六氟丙烯）逆光子晶体（PVDF-HFP）和块状 PVDF-HFP 的形状记忆（SM）微观结构特性。这些材料表现出热敏感的微形状记忆特性，伴随着可逆和调节的光学特性：将逆光子结构引入形状记忆聚合物材料，使材料能够通过光学信号识别由复杂环境信号引起的微观结构变化，该变化可由 SEM 同时检测。此外，该特性被应用于通过压刺激和溶剂诱导效应的可逆写入/擦除指纹图案，以及形态/光学信号的变化。 这种微-SM 特性可以归因于聚合物链在外部刺激下的收缩/膨胀效应，以及与微观结构相反的珍珠岩结构相结合。这将触发一种设计可逆微变形执行器的前景广阔的方法。

[926] Phototunable Morpho Butterfly Microstructures Modified by Liquid Crystal Polymers Advanced Optical Materials, 2018, 7(3): 1801494.
[926] 液晶聚合物修饰的蝴蝶微结构光可调变，先进光学材料，2018，7(3)：1801494。

[927] Bioinspired Hydrogel Interferometer for Adaptive Coloration and Chemical Sensing Advanced Materials, 2018, 30(21): e1800468. Living organisms ubiquitously display colors that adapt to environmental changes, relying on the soft layer of cells or proteins. Adoption of soft materials into an artificial adaptive color system has promoted the development of material systems for environmental and health monitoring, anti-counterfeiting, and stealth technologies. Here, a hydrogel interferometer based on a single hydrogel thin film covalently bonded to a reflective substrate is reported as a simple and universal adaptive color platform. Similar to the cell or protein soft layer of color-changing animals, the soft hydrogel layer rapidly changes its thickness in response to external stimuli, resulting in instant color change. Such interference colors provide a visual and quantifiable means of revealing rich environmental metrics. Computational model is established and captures the key features of hydrogel stimuli-responsive swelling, which elucidates the mechanism and design principle for the broad-based platform. The single material-based platform has advantages of remarkable color uniformity, fast response, high robustness, and facile fabrication. Its versatility is demonstrated by diverse applications: a volatile-vapor sensor with highly accurate quantitative detection, a colorimetric sensor array for multianalyte recognition, breath-controlled information encryption, and a colorimetric humidity indicator. Portable and easy-to-use sensing systems are demonstrated with smartphone-based colorimetric analysis.
[927] 生物启发型水凝胶干涉仪用于自适应着色和化学传感，《先进材料》，2018，30(21)：e1800468。生物体普遍表现出适应环境变化的颜色，依赖于细胞或蛋白质的柔软层。将软材料应用于人工自适应着色系统，推动了环境与健康监测、防伪和隐形技术等材料系统的发展。在此，报道了一种基于单层水凝胶薄膜并与反射基板共价结合的水凝胶干涉仪，作为一种简单而通用的自适应着色平台。类似于变色动物的颜色变化细胞或蛋白质柔软层，柔软的水凝胶层能够迅速响应外部刺激而改变其厚度，从而实现即时颜色变化。这种干涉颜色提供了一种可视化和可量化的手段，以揭示丰富的环境指标。建立了计算模型，捕捉了水凝胶刺激响应性膨胀的关键特征，阐明了该广泛平台的作用机制和设计原理。 单材料平台具有显著的颜色均匀性、快速响应、高鲁棒性和易于制造的优势。其多功能性通过多种应用得到体现：具有高度精确定量检测的挥发性蒸汽传感器、用于多分析物识别的比色传感器阵列、呼吸控制的信息加密以及比色湿度指示器。通过基于智能手机的比色分析，展示了便携式和易于使用的传感系统。

[928] Acetylcholinesterase-Functionalized Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals for the Detection of Organophosphates Rsc Advances, 2018, 8(51): 29385-29391. Due to the indiscriminate usage of organophosphates in military and agriculture, there is an increasing demand to develop sensors for monitoring organophosphorus nerve agents and pesticides. Herein, a sensitive two-dimensional photonic crystal (2D-PC) biosensor as a part of a portable device for the detection of Dipterex is presented. The 2D-PC array was self-organized on the water-air interface using 600 nm polystyrene (PS) colloidal particles, and it was further embedded into a polyacrylamide-acrylic acid (PAM-AA) hydrogel. After condensation between the amine groups of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the carboxyl groups of the hydrogel, a novel sensing platform of 2D-PC hydrogel with AChE as the recognition agent was constructed. The lattice spacing of AChE-functionalized 2D-PC was inversely proportional to the logarithm of the Dipterex concentration from 10(-14) mol L-1 to 10(-4) mol L-1 with estimated limit of detection (LOD) of 7.7 x 10(-15) mol L-1. Simultaneously, the structural color of AChE-functionalized 2D-PC varied from yellow to blue. The biosensor achieved naked-eye detection due to which the use of AChE-functionalized 2D-PC is a promising technique for onsite and fast screening of organophosphates.
[928] 酶联二维光子晶体用于有机磷检测 Rsc Advances, 2018, 8(51): 29385-29391。由于有机磷在军事和农业中的无差别使用，对监测有机磷神经毒剂和杀虫剂的传感器需求日益增加。在此，提出了一种用于检测 Dipterex 的便携式设备的一部分——一种灵敏的二维光子晶体（2D-PC）生物传感器。2D-PC 阵列通过使用 600 nm 聚苯乙烯（PS）胶体颗粒在水-气界面自组装，并进一步嵌入到聚丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸（PAM-AA）水凝胶中。在乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）的氨基基团与水凝胶的羧基基团之间发生缩合反应后，构建了一种以 AChE 作为识别剂的 2D-PC 水凝胶新型传感平台。AChE 功能化 2D-PC 的晶格间距与 Dipterex 浓度的对数成反比，从 10(-14) mol L-1 到 10(-4) mol L-1，估计检测限（LOD）为 7.7 x 10(-15) mol L-1。 同时，AChE 功能化的 2D-PC 的结构色从黄色变为蓝色。由于生物传感器实现了裸眼检测，因此 AChE 功能化的 2D-PC 在场地快速筛选有机磷方面是一种有前景的技术。

[929] Chemoresistive and Photonic Hydrogel Sensors of Transition Metal Ions Via Hofmeister Series Principles Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical, 2018, 256: 870-877. We evaluate the sensory response of hydrogels composed of polyacrylic acid (PAA) co-polymerized with acrylamido-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) exposed to eleven different transition metal ions, which were reacted with hexacyanoferrate ions. Trends in the chemoresistive responses of the gels to ions of Cu2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Co2+, Sn2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Mo5+, and Ag+ due to the formation of metal hexacyanoferrate complexes are shown to depend upon the strength of the gel headgroup-ion interactions based on the Hofmeister series and confirmed using Raman spectroscopy. These hydrogels either showed a decrease in resistivity and swelling with increasing ion concentration or the opposite effect. Sensitivity by colorimetric and conductivity measurements was approximately 100 ppb, which can be adjusted by the gel's dimensions and density of headgroups within the gel. The photonic and vibrational characteristics of the gels upon ion addition were investigated for use in spectroelectrochemical sensing devices by imaging, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
[929] 通过霍夫迈斯特系列原理制备的过渡金属离子化学电阻和光子水凝胶传感器——传感器和执行器 B-化学，2018，256：870-877。我们评估了由聚丙烯酸（PAA）与丙烯酰胺甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）共聚而成的水凝胶对十一种不同过渡金属离子的感官响应，这些离子与六氰铁酸根离子发生反应。由于形成金属六氰铁酸根复合物，凝胶对 Cu2+、Fe2+、Mn2+、Ni2+、Pb2+、Co2+、Sn2+、Cd2+、Zn2+、Mo5+和 Ag+的化学电阻响应趋势表明，这取决于凝胶头部基团-离子相互作用强度，基于霍夫迈斯特系列，并使用拉曼光谱进行确认。这些水凝胶要么随着离子浓度的增加而电阻降低和膨胀，要么产生相反的效果。通过比色法和电导率测量得到的灵敏度约为 100 ppb，可以通过凝胶的尺寸和水凝胶中头部基团的密度进行调整。 凝胶在离子添加后的光子和振动特性通过成像、电化学阻抗谱和拉曼光谱进行了研究，以用于光谱电化学传感设备。（C）2017 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[930] Multivariable Bio-Inspired Photonic Sensors for Non-Condensable Gases Journal of Optics, 2018, 20(2): 024006. Existing gas sensors often lose their measurement accuracy in practical field applications. To mitigate this significant problem, here, we report a demonstration of fabricated multivariable photonic sensors inspired by a known nanostructure of Morpho butterfly scales for detection of exemplary non-condensable gases such as H-2, CO, and CO2. We fabricated bio-inspired nanostructures using conventional photolithography and chemical etching and detected individual gases that were difficult or unrealistic to detect using natural Morpho nanostructures. Such bio-inspired gas sensors are the critical step in the development of new sensors with improved accuracy for diverse operational scenarios. While this report is our initial demonstration of responses of fabricated multivariable sensors to individual gases in pristine laboratory conditions, it is a significant milestone in understanding the next steps toward field tests and practical applications of these sensors.
[930] 多变量仿生光子传感器用于不可凝气体，《光学学报》，2018，20(2)：024006。现有的气体传感器在实用现场应用中往往失去测量精度。为了缓解这一重大问题，在此，我们报道了一种基于已知蝴蝶鳞片纳米结构的仿生多变量光子传感器的制造演示，用于检测如 H-2、CO 和 CO2 等典型不可凝气体。我们采用传统光刻和化学腐蚀技术制造了仿生纳米结构，并检测了使用天然蝴蝶纳米结构难以或无法检测到的单个气体。这种仿生气体传感器是开发具有改进精度的新传感器，以适应各种操作场景的关键步骤。虽然本报告是我们对在原始实验室条件下制造的仿生多变量传感器对单个气体响应的初步演示，但它是在理解这些传感器进行现场测试和实际应用下一步骤中的一个重要里程碑。

[931] Chitosan-Based Hydrogels: From Preparation to Biomedical Applications Carbohydrate Polymers, 2018, 196: 233-245. The advances in the field of biomaterials have led to several studies on alternative biocompatible devices and to their development focusing on their properties, benefits, limitations, and utilization of alternative resources. Due to their advantages like biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low cost, polysaccharides have been widely used in the development of hydrogels. Among the polysaccharides studied on hydrogels preparation, chitosan (pure or combined with natural/synthetic polymers) have been widely investigated for use in biomedical field. In view of potential applications of chitosan-based hydrogels, this review focuses on the most recent progress made with respect to preparation, properties, and their salient accomplishments for drug delivery and tissue engineering.
[931] 基于壳聚糖的水凝胶：从制备到生物医学应用 碳水化合物聚合物，2018，196：233-245。生物材料领域的进展导致了对替代生物相容性装置的几项研究，并侧重于它们的特性、益处、局限性和替代资源的利用。由于它们具有生物相容性、生物降解性和低成本等优势，多糖已被广泛应用于水凝胶的开发。在研究水凝胶制备的多糖中，壳聚糖（纯或与天然/合成聚合物结合）在生物医学领域的应用已被广泛研究。鉴于基于壳聚糖的水凝胶的潜在应用，本综述重点介绍了在制备、特性和药物输送和组织工程方面的最新进展及其显著成就。

[932] Block Copolymer Structural Color Strain Sensor NPG Asia Materials, 2018, 10(4): 328-339. The development of electrically responsive sensors based on the capacitance, voltage, and resistance that can detect and simultaneou sly visualize the large strain involved with human motion is in great demand. Here, we demonstrate a highly stretchable, large strain capacitive sensor that can visualize strain based on the strain-responsive structural color (SC). Our device contains an elastomeric sensing film that produces a capacitance change under strain, in which a self-assembled block copolymer (BCP) photonic crystal (PC) film with 1D periodic in-plane lamellae aligned parallel to the film surface is embedded for the efficient visualization of strain. The capacitance change arises from changes in the dimensions of the elastomer film under strain. The mechanochromic BCP PC film responds to strain, giving rise to an SC change with strain. The initial red SC of the sensor blueshifts and turns blue when the sensor is stretched to 100%, resulting in a full-color SC alteration as a function of the strain. Our BCP SC strain sensor exhibits a fast strain response with multi-cycle reliability of both the capacitance and SC changes over 1000 cycles. This property allows for efficient visible recognition not only of the strained positions during finger bending and poking with a sharp object but also of the shapes of the strained objects.
[932] 基于电容、电压和电阻的电响应传感器结构色应变传感器，NPG 亚洲材料，2018，10(4)：328-339。开发能够检测并同时可视化与人体运动相关的大应变电响应传感器的需求很大。在此，我们展示了一种高度可拉伸、大应变电容传感器，该传感器可以根据应变响应的结构色（SC）可视化应变。我们的设备包含一种弹性传感薄膜，在应变下产生电容变化，其中嵌入了一种自组装的具有 1D 周期性平面层状结构且与薄膜表面平行的块共聚物（BCP）光子晶体（PC）薄膜，以有效地可视化应变。电容变化源于弹性薄膜在应变下的尺寸变化。机械色变 BCP PC 薄膜对应变作出响应，导致应变下的 SC 变化。传感器的初始红色 SC 在传感器拉伸到 100%时蓝移并变为蓝色，从而实现应变作为应变函数的全色 SC 变化。 我们的 BCP SC 应变传感器表现出快速的应变响应，电容和 SC 变化在 1000 个循环内具有多周期可靠性。这一特性不仅允许在手指弯曲和用尖锐物体戳刺时高效地识别应变位置，还能识别应变物体的形状。

[933] Bioinspired 3d Structures with Programmable Morphologies and Motions Nature Communications, 2018, 9: 3705. Living organisms use spatially controlled expansion and contraction of soft tissues to achieve complex three-dimensional (3D) morphologies and movements and thereby functions. However, replicating such features in man-made materials remains a challenge. Here we report an approach that encodes 2D hydrogels with spatially and temporally controlled growth (expansion and contraction) to create 3D structures with programmed morphologies and motions. This approach uses temperature-responsive hydrogels with locally programmable degrees and rates of swelling and shrinking. This method simultaneously prints multiple 3D structures with custom design from a single precursor in a one-step process within 60 s. We suggest simple yet versatile design rules for creating complex 3D structures and a theoretical model for predicting their motions. We reveal that the spatially nonuniform rates of swelling and shrinking of growth-induced 3D structures determine their dynamic shape changes. We demonstrate shape-morphing 3D structures with diverse morphologies, including bioinspired structures with programmed sequential motions.
[933] 受生物启发的可编程形态和运动的 3D 结构 自然通讯，2018，9：3705。生物体利用软组织的空间控制扩张和收缩来实现复杂的立体（3D）形态和运动，从而实现功能。然而，在人工材料中复制这些特性仍然是一个挑战。在这里，我们报道了一种方法，该方法通过空间和时间控制生长（扩张和收缩）来编码二维水凝胶，以创建具有编程形态和运动的 3D 结构。这种方法使用具有局部可编程膨胀和收缩程度和速率的温度响应性水凝胶。该方法在 60 秒内一步法从单个前体中打印出多个具有定制设计的 3D 结构。我们提出了简单而通用的设计规则来创建复杂的 3D 结构，并建立了一个理论模型来预测它们的运动。我们发现，生长诱导的 3D 结构中膨胀和收缩的空间非均匀速率决定了它们的动态形状变化。 我们展示了具有多种形态的形状变形 3D 结构，包括具有编程顺序运动的仿生结构。

[934] Binary Cellulose Nanocrystal Blends for Bioinspired Damage Tolerant Photonic Films Advanced Functional Materials, 2018, 28(26): 1800032. Most attempts to emulate the mechanical properties of strong and tough natural composites using helicoidal films of wood-derived cellulose nanocrystals (w-CNCs) fall short in mechanical performance due to the limited shear transfer ability between the w-CNCs. This shortcoming is ascribed to the small w-CNC-w-CNC overlap lengths that lower the shear transfer efficiency. Herein, we present a simple strategy to fabricate superior helicoidal CNC films with mechanical properties that rival those of the best natural materials and are some of the best reported for photonic CNC materials thus far. Assembling the short w-CNCs with a minority fraction of high aspect ratio CNCs derived from tunicates (t-CNCs), we report remarkable simultaneous enhancement of all in-plane mechanical properties and out-of-plane flexibility. The important role of t-CNCs is revealed by coarse grained molecular dynamics simulations where the property enhancement are due to increased interaction lengths and the activation of additional toughening mechanisms. At t-CNC contents greater than 5% by mass the mixed films also display UV reflecting behaviour. These damage tolerant optically active materials hold great promise for application as protective coatings. More broadly, we expect the strategy of using length-bidispersity to be adaptable to mechanically enhancing other matrix-free nanoparticle ensembles.
[934] 生物启发耐损伤光子薄膜的二元纤维素纳米晶体混合物 高性能材料，2018，28(26)：1800032。大多数尝试通过使用木材衍生的纤维素纳米晶体（w-CNCs）的螺旋状薄膜来模仿强韧天然复合材料的机械性能，由于 w-CNCs 之间剪切传递能力的限制，在机械性能上均未能达到预期。这一不足归因于 w-CNC-w-CNC 重叠长度小，降低了剪切传递效率。在此，我们提出了一种简单策略来制备具有与最佳天然材料相媲美的机械性能的优异螺旋状 CNC 薄膜，这些性能是目前报道的光子 CNC 材料中最好的之一。通过将短 w-CNCs 与少量来自海鞘的高纵横比 CNCs（t-CNCs）组装，我们报道了所有平面内机械性能和面外柔韧性的显著同时增强。通过粗粒度分子动力学模拟揭示了 t-CNCs 的重要作用，性能增强归因于增加的相互作用长度和额外强化机制的激活。 在 t-CNC 含量大于 5%的质量比时，混合薄膜也表现出紫外反射行为。这些具有损伤容限的光活性材料在用作保护涂层方面具有巨大潜力。更广泛地说，我们预计使用长度多分散性的策略可以适应于机械增强其他无基质纳米粒子组装体。

[935] Thermal Mapping of a Lithium Polymer Batteries Pack with Fbgs Network Batteries-Basel, 2018, 4(4): 67. In this paper, a network of 37 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors is proposed for real-time, in situ, and operando multipoint monitoring of the surface temperature distribution on a pack of three prismatic lithium polymer batteries (LiPBs). Using the network, a spatial and temporal thermal mapping of all pack interfaces was performed. In each interface, nine strategic locations were monitored by considering a three-by-three matrix, corresponding to the LiPBs top, middle and bottom zones. The batteries were subjected to charge and discharge cycles, where the charge was carried out at 1.0 C, whereas the discharge rates were 0.7 C and 1.4 C. The results show that in general, a thermal gradient is recognized from the top to the bottom, but is less prominent in the end-of-charge steps. The results also indicate the presence of hot spots between two of the three batteries, which were located near the positive tab collector. This occurs due to the higher current density of the lithium ions in this area. The presented FBG sensing network can be used to improve the thermal management of batteries by performing a spatiotemporal thermal mapping, as well as by identifying the zones which are more conducive to the possibility of the existence of hot spots, thereby preventing severe consequences such as thermal runaway and promoting their safety. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a spatial and temporal thermal mapping is reported for this specific application using a network of FBG sensors.
[935] 基于光纤布拉格光栅网络的锂聚合物电池组热成像研究——巴塞尔，2018，4(4): 67。本文提出了一种由 37 个光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）传感器组成的网络，用于对三个棱柱形锂聚合物电池（LiPBs）组表面温度分布进行实时、原位和操作过程中的多点监测。利用该网络，对所有电池组接口进行了空间和时间热成像。在每个接口中，通过考虑 3×3 矩阵，监测了九个战略位置，对应于 LiPBs 顶部、中部和底部区域。电池组经历了充放电循环，其中充电速率为 1.0 C，而放电速率分别为 0.7 C 和 1.4 C。结果表明，总体上，从顶部到底部存在一个热梯度，但在充电结束步骤中不太明显。结果还表明，在三个电池中的两个之间存在热点，这些热点位于正极片收集器附近。这是由于该区域锂离子的电流密度较高。 所提出的 FBG 传感网络可以通过进行时空热映射以及识别更有利于热点存在的区域，从而提高电池的热管理，防止严重后果如热失控，并促进其安全性。据我们所知，这是首次报道使用 FBG 传感器网络为此特定应用进行时空热映射。

[936] Simultaneous Sensing of Temperature and Bi-Directional Strain in a Prismatic Li-Ion Battery Batteries-Basel, 2018, 4(2). Thermal and pressure stability of Li-ion batteries (LiB) are the most important parameters for safety. In abuse operating conditions, the rapid increase of temperature and pressure can cause the appearance of hot-spots, which may lead to an increasing degradation rate or even to the battery's explosion and /or combustion. A sensing network of fiber Bragg gratings is attached to the surface of a prismatic LiB to monitor its temperature and bi-directional strain variations through normal charge (0.70 C) and two different discharge rates (1.32 C and 5.77 C) in the x- and y-directions. More significant variations are registered when the LiB operates in abnormal conditions. A maximum temperature variation of 27.52 +/- 0.13 degrees C is detected by the sensors located close to the positive electrode side. Regarding strain and consequent length variations, maximum values of 593.58 +/- 0.01 mu epsilon and 51.05 +/- 0.05 mu m are respectively obtained by the sensors placed on the y-direction. The sensing network presented can be a solution for the real-time monitoring, multipoint and in operando temperature and bi-directional strain variations in the LiBs, promoting their safety.
[936] 三棱柱型锂离子电池中温度和双向应变的同步感知，Batteries-Basel，2018，4(2)。锂离子电池（LiB）的热和压力稳定性是安全性的最重要参数。在滥用操作条件下，温度和压力的快速增加可能导致热点出现，这可能导致降解速率增加，甚至导致电池爆炸和/或燃烧。一个光纤布拉格光栅传感网络被附着在三棱柱型 LiB 的表面，通过正常充电（0.70 C）和两个不同的放电速率（1.32 C 和 5.77 C）在 x 和 y 方向上监测其温度和双向应变变化。当 LiB 在异常条件下运行时，记录到的变化更为显著。靠近正极侧的传感器检测到最大温度变化为 27.52 +/- 0.13 摄氏度。至于应变和随之而来的长度变化，y 方向上的传感器分别获得了 593.58 +/- 0.01 微应变和 51.05 +/- 0.05 微米的最大值。 该提出的传感网络可以解决锂离子电池（LiBs）中的实时监测、多点及原位温度和双向应变变化，从而提高其安全性。

[937] Full Color Camouflage in a Printable Photonic Blue-Colored Polymer ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018, 10(4): 4168-4172. A blue reflective photonic polymer coating which can be patterned in full color, from blue to red, by printing with an aqueous calcium nitrate solution has been fabricated. Color change in the cholesteric liquid-crystalline polymer network over the entire visible spectrum is obtained by the use of nonreactive mesogen. The pattern in the coating is hidden in the blue color dry state and appears upon exposure to water or by exhaling breath onto it due to different degrees of swelling of the polymer network The degree of swelling depends on the printed amount of calcium which acts as a cross linker. The printed full color pattern can also be hidden simply by using a circular polarizer. The responsive full color camouflage polymers are interesting for various applications ranging from responsive house and automobile decors to anticounterfeit labels and data encryption.
[937] 可打印的蓝色光子聚合物中的全彩伪装 ACS 应用材料与界面，2018，10(4)：4168-4172。一种可以通过使用水溶液的硝酸钙进行打印，从蓝色到红色全彩图案化的蓝色反射光子聚合物涂层已被制造。通过使用非反应性液晶，在整个可见光谱范围内实现了胆甾相液晶聚合物网络的颜色变化。涂层中的图案在干燥的蓝色状态下隐藏，当暴露于水或通过呼气在它上面时，由于聚合物网络的膨胀程度不同而显现出来。膨胀程度取决于作为交联剂的打印钙量。通过使用圆形偏振器，也可以简单地隐藏打印的全彩图案。这种响应式全彩伪装聚合物对各种应用都很有趣，从响应式房屋和汽车装饰到防伪标签和数据加密。

[938] Epidemiology of Diabetes and Diabetic Complications in China Diabetologia, 2018, 61(6): 1249-1260. The People's Republic of China (herein referred to as China) has witnessed one of the most dramatic rises in diabetes prevalence anywhere in the world. The latest epidemiological study suggests that approximately 11% of the population has diabetes, with a significant proportion remaining undiagnosed. Risk factors for diabetes in the Chinese population are similar to those in other populations, though gestational diabetes and young-onset diabetes is becoming increasingly common. Data on the prevalence of diabetic complications remain limited, though cardio-renal complications account for significant morbidity and mortality. Other diabetes-related comorbidities are becoming increasingly common, with cancer emerging as a major cause of mortality among individuals with diabetes. There are many challenges and obstacles that impede effective diabetes prevention and the delivery of care, though much progress has occurred over recent years. Lessons learnt from how China has responded to the challenges posed by the diabetes epidemic will be invaluable for other countries facing the many threats of diabetes and its complications.
中国糖尿病及并发症的流行病学 Diabetologia，2018，61(6)：1249-1260。中华人民共和国（以下简称中国）见证了全球糖尿病患病率最剧烈的上升之一。最新的流行病学研究表明，大约有 11%的人口患有糖尿病，其中相当一部分尚未被诊断。中国人群的糖尿病风险因素与其他人群相似，尽管妊娠糖尿病和早发性糖尿病越来越常见。关于糖尿病并发症的流行数据仍然有限，尽管心血管-肾脏并发症占到了显著的发病率和死亡率。其他与糖尿病相关的合并症越来越普遍，癌症已成为糖尿病患者死亡的主要原因。尽管近年来取得了很大进展，但仍然存在许多挑战和障碍，阻碍了有效的糖尿病预防和护理的实施。 从中国应对糖尿病流行带来的挑战中汲取的教训，将对面临糖尿病及其并发症众多威胁的其他国家具有极高的价值。

[939] Preparation and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Sulfate/Oxidized Konjac Glucomannan Hydrogels International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2018, 113: 1024-1031. Hydrogel wound dressing is a new type of biomaterial with performance that is better than traditional and biological dressings. It has been extensively researched and the application in the field of biomedicine is common. In this study, we developed a simple and nontoxic method for preparing a new type of composite hydrogel, which formed through the Schiff-base reaction between the aldehyde of oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKGM) and the amino of carboxymethyl chitosan sulfate (CMSS). The chemical structures of this composite hydrogel were characterized by transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The micro-morphology of hydrogels were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Meanwhile, the properties of composite hydrogels including gelation time, swelling ability, water evaporation rate, hemolytic potential and biological compatibility were also investigated in different means. The results gained from these studies show that this composite hydrogels have a series of properties such as short gelation time, good swelling ability, appropriate water evaporation rate, excellent hemocompatibility and well biological compatibility. Considering these excellent performance, this composite hydrogels can be used as a wound dressing to treat injured skin. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.
[939] 羧甲基壳聚糖硫酸盐/氧化葛根甘露聚糖水凝胶的制备与表征 国际生物大分子杂志，2018，113：1024-1031。水凝胶敷料是一种新型生物材料，其性能优于传统和生物敷料。它已被广泛研究，并在生物医药领域的应用很常见。在本研究中，我们开发了一种简单且无毒的制备新型复合水凝胶的方法，该水凝胶是通过氧化葛根甘露聚糖（OKGM）的醛基与羧甲基壳聚糖硫酸盐（CMSS）的氨基之间的席夫碱反应形成的。通过变换红外光谱（FT-IR）对这种复合水凝胶的化学结构进行了表征。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析了水凝胶的微观形态。同时，还以不同方式研究了复合水凝胶的性质，包括凝胶化时间、溶胀能力、水分蒸发率、溶血潜力和生物相容性。 这些研究的结果表明，这种复合水凝胶具有一系列特性，如短凝胶化时间、良好的溶胀能力、适当的水蒸发速率、优异的血液相容性和良好的生物相容性。考虑到这些优异的性能，这种复合水凝胶可以用作伤口敷料，治疗受损皮肤。（C）2018 由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。

[940] 1d Photonic Crystal Strain Sensors Acs Photonics, 2018, 5(7): 2767-2772. We introduce a photonic crystal nanocavity consisting of one-dimensional periodic nanorods embedded in a deformable polydimethylsiloxane substrate, which exhibits a high-quality factor and a large wavelength response to the applied strain. By further investigating its wavelength response to nonaxial planar strains, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a sensor unit that can precisely identify different planar strains, including their application direction, type, and value. This sensor prototype with small footprint and feasible coupling with optical waveguides could provide additional flexibility for strain analysis in a wide range of fields.
[940] 1d 光子晶体应变传感器 Acs Photonics，2018，5(7)：2767-2772。我们介绍了一种由一维周期性纳米棒嵌入可变形聚二甲基硅氧烷基板中的光子晶体纳米腔，该腔表现出高品质因数和对施加应力的较大波长响应。通过进一步研究其对非轴向平面应力的波长响应，我们提出并实验演示了一种传感器单元，可以精确识别不同的平面应变，包括其应用方向、类型和值。这种具有小尺寸和可实现与光波导耦合的传感器原型，可以为广泛领域的应变分析提供额外的灵活性。

[941] Advances in Functional Solution Processed Planar 1d Photonic Crystals Advanced Optical Materials, 2018, 6(24): 1800730-1800755. An overview on the properties and applications of polymer and inorganic planar 1D photonic crystals fabricated from solution is provided here. In the last decades, photonic crystals became technologically relevant for light management, photovoltaics, sensing, and lasing. Such structures are traditionally produced by lithographic and vacuum techniques, but the need to reduce costs and to scale-up the fabrication have lead the research toward new materials, simplified structures, and low-cost mass scale growth processes. In this regard, polymer and inorganic mesoporous distributed Bragg reflectors fabricated from solution attracted considerable technological interest. This review focuses on the properties of such structures, concentrating on state-of-the-art fabrication and applications.
[941] 功能溶液处理平面 1D 光子晶体的进展 先进光学材料，2018，6(24)：1800730-1800755。本文提供了由溶液制备的聚合物和无机平面 1D 光子晶体的性质和应用概述。在过去几十年中，光子晶体在光管理、光伏、传感和激光技术中变得具有技术相关性。这些结构传统上是通过光刻和真空技术生产的，但降低成本和扩大生产规模的需求促使研究转向新材料、简化结构和低成本大规模生长工艺。在这方面，由溶液制备的聚合物和无机介孔分布式布拉格反射器引起了相当大的技术兴趣。本综述重点介绍了这些结构的性质，集中在最先进的制造和应用上。

[942] Selective Polymer Distributed Bragg Reflector Vapor Sensors Polymers, 2018, 10(10): 1161-1169. We report on Flory-Huggins photonic sensors for the selective detection of volatile organic compounds without the use of any chemical functionalization. For this purpose, we employed periodic multilayers made of inert cellulose acetate alternated to active polystyrene films whose free volume was modified with silanized ZnO nanoparticles. The simple UV-visible (UV-vis) dynamic optical response of such polymer distributed Bragg reflectors during exposure to vapors of benzene, toluene, o-dichlorobenzene, and carbon tetrachloride allows their detection and recognition based on different chemico-physical affinity with the active polymer medium.
[942] 选择性聚合物分布式布拉格反射器气敏传感器 聚合物，2018，10(10)：1161-1169。我们报道了一种 Flory-Huggins 光子传感器，用于选择性检测挥发性有机化合物，无需任何化学功能化。为此，我们采用了由惰性纤维素醋酸酯和活性聚苯乙烯薄膜组成的周期性多层结构，其自由体积经过硅化 ZnO 纳米粒子的改性。这种聚合物分布式布拉格反射器在暴露于苯、甲苯、对二氯苯和四氯化碳蒸汽时表现出简单的紫外-可见（UV-vis）动态光学响应，这使得它们可以根据与活性聚合物介质的不同的化学物理亲和力进行检测和识别。

[943] Recent Developments in Tough Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications Gels, 2018, 4(2). A hydrogel is a three-dimensional polymer network with high water content and has been attractive for many biomedical applications due to its excellent biocompatibility. However, classic hydrogels are mechanically weak and unsuitable for most physiological load-bearing situations. Thus, the development of tough hydrogels used in the biomedical field becomes critical. This work reviews various strategies to fabricate tough hydrogels with the introduction of non-covalent bonds and the construction of stretchable polymer networks and interpenetrated networks, such as the so-called double-network hydrogel. Additionally, the design of tough hydrogels for tissue adhesive, tissue engineering, and soft actuators is reviewed.
[943] 生物医学应用中高强度水凝胶的近期进展 Gels，2018，4(2)。水凝胶是一种高含水量的三维聚合物网络，由于其优异的生物相容性，在许多生物医学应用中具有吸引力。然而，经典水凝胶在机械性能上较弱，不适合大多数生理负荷承载情况。因此，在生物医学领域开发高强度水凝胶变得至关重要。本文回顾了通过引入非共价键和构建可拉伸聚合物网络以及互穿网络（如所谓的双网络水凝胶）等策略来制备高强度水凝胶的各种方法。此外，还回顾了用于组织粘合剂、组织工程和软执行器的高强度水凝胶的设计。

[944] Effects of Sodium Carbonate and Potassium Carbonate on Colloidal Properties and Molecular Characteristics of Konjac Glucomannan Hydrogels International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2018, 117: 863-869. When konjac glucomannan (KGM) molecules are deacetylated under alkaline conditions, the aqueous KGM solution is transformed into a thermally stable gel. In this study, series of Na2CO3-induced and K2CO3-induced KGM hydrogels were prepared by deacetylation using different concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 M) of alkali. The hydrogels were characterized using texture profile analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and rheological property analysis. The data showed that KGM hydrogel formation was facilitated at all the alkali concentrations used. The mechanisms of Na2CO3-induced and K2CO3-induced KGM hydrogels formation differed slightly. The hardness, springiness, chewiness, gumminess, and storage modulus G' of the Na2CO3-induced KGM hydrogels initially increased and then decreased with increasing alkali concentration. However, the values of the corresponding properties of the K2CO3-induced KGM hydrogels increased with increasing alkali concentration. All the data were consistent with the structures observed using SEM. The 0.3 M Na2CO3-induced KGM hydrogel had the highest hardness and storage modulus G', a well-proportioned network structure, and a dense architecture; 0.3 M Na2CO3 was therefore the most suitable modifier for inducing KGM hydrogel formation. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.
碳酸钠和碳酸钾对魔芋葡甘聚糖水凝胶的胶体性质和分子特性的影响 国际生物大分子杂志，2018，117：863-869。当魔芋葡甘聚糖（KGM）分子在碱性条件下脱乙酰化时，水溶性 KGM 溶液转变为热稳定的凝胶。在本研究中，通过使用不同浓度（0.1、0.2、0.3 和 0.4 M）的碱进行脱乙酰化，制备了一系列由 Na2CO3 诱导和 K2CO3 诱导的 KGM 水凝胶。使用质地剖面分析、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X 射线衍射和流变性质分析对水凝胶进行了表征。数据显示，在所有使用的碱浓度下，KGM 水凝胶的形成均得到促进。Na2CO3 诱导和 K2CO3 诱导的 KGM 水凝胶形成的机理略有不同。Na2CO3 诱导的 KGM 水凝胶的硬度、弹性、咀嚼性、胶粘性和储能模量 G'随着碱浓度的增加先增加后减少。 然而，K2CO3 诱导的 KGM 水凝胶相应性质的值随着碱浓度的增加而增加。所有数据都与使用 SEM 观察到的结构一致。0.3 M Na2CO3 诱导的 KGM 水凝胶具有最高的硬度和存储模量 G'，一个比例恰当的网络结构，以及致密的架构；因此，0.3 M Na2CO3 是诱导 KGM 水凝胶形成的最合适的改性剂。（C）2018 由 Elsevier B.V.出版。

[945] Hybrid Molecular Container Based on Glycoluril and Triptycene: Synthesis, Binding Properties, and Triggered Release Chemistry-a European Journal, 2018, 24(53): 14101-14110. We designed and synthesized a hybrid molecular container 1, which is structurally related to both cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n]) and pillar[n]arene type receptors. Receptor 1 was fully characterized by (HNMR)-H-1, (CNMR)-C-13, IR, MS and X-ray single crystal diffraction. The self-association behavior, host-guest recognition properties of 1, and the [salt] dependence of K-a were investigated in detail by (HNMR)-H-1 and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Optical transmittance and TEM measurements provide strong evidence that receptor 1 undergoes co-assemble with amphiphilic guest C10 in water to form supramolecular bilayer vesicles (diameter 25.6 +/- 2.7nm, wall thickness approximate to 3.5nm) that can encapsulate the hydrophilic anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) and the hydrophobic dye Nile red (NR). The release of encapsulated DOX or NR from the vesicles can be triggered by hexamethonium (8c) or spermine (10) which leads to the disruption of the supramolecular vesicles.
[945] 基于甘脲和三联苯的混合分子容器：合成、结合性质和触发释放化学——欧洲杂志，2018，24(53)：14101-14110。我们设计和合成了与葫芦脲[n]（CB[n]）和柱[n]芳烃型受体结构相关的混合分子容器 1。受体 1 通过（HNMR）-H-1，（CNMR）-C-13，红外光谱，质谱和 X 射线单晶衍射进行了全面表征。通过（HNMR）-H-1 和等温滴定热法（ITC）详细研究了 1 的自组装行为、主客体识别性质以及 K-a 的[盐]依赖性。光学透射率和透射电子显微镜（TEM）测量提供了强有力的证据，表明受体 1 在水溶液中与两亲性客体 C10 共组装，形成超分子双层囊泡（直径 25.6 +/- 2.7nm，壁厚约 3.5nm），可以封装亲水性抗癌药物阿霉素（DOX）和疏水性染料苏丹红（NR）。封装的 DOX 或 NR 从囊泡中的释放可以通过六甲铵（8c）或精胺（10）触发，导致超分子囊泡的破坏。

[946] Polysaccharide-Templated Preparation of Mechanically-Tough, Conductive and Self-Healing Hydrogels Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018, 334: 2222-2230. Self-healing hydrogels possess the capability to repair themselves after mechanical damage, but their applications are often severely limited by their weak mechanical strengths or poor healing efficiencies. To obtain the self-healing hydrogels with high performances, a linear polysaccharide template with aldehyde groups was introduced in the gelation process. The polysaccharide template (oxidized sodium alginate, OSA) can conjugate with acrylamide (AM) monomer via Schiff base reaction. The radical polymerization between double bonds in the side chains of OSA and free AM monomer results in the formation of OSA-poly(acrylamide) (OSA-PAM) hydrogels. The synergistic effect of dynamic Schiff base and hydrogen bonding interactions between OSA and PAM chains endows the OSA-PAM hydrogels with excellent self-healing and mechanical properties. The resulting OSA-PAM hydrogels also exhibit controllable conductivity and stretch sensitivity. The self-healing, mechanically tough and conductive OSA-PAM hydrogels could have potential applications in artificial skins, robotic actuators and medical devices.
[946] 基于多糖模板的机械强度高、导电和自修复水凝胶的制备 化学工程学报，2018，334：2222-2230。自修复水凝胶具有在机械损伤后自我修复的能力，但它们的适用性通常受到其机械强度弱或修复效率差的影响。为了获得高性能的自修复水凝胶，在凝胶化过程中引入了具有醛基的线性多糖模板。多糖模板（氧化海藻酸钠，OSA）可以通过席夫碱反应与丙烯酰胺（AM）单体结合。OSA 侧链中的双键与自由 AM 单体之间的自由基聚合导致 OSA-聚（丙烯酰胺）（OSA-PAM）水凝胶的形成。OSA 和 PAM 链之间的动态席夫碱和氢键相互作用协同作用赋予 OSA-PAM 水凝胶优异的自修复和机械性能。所得的 OSA-PAM 水凝胶还表现出可控的导电性和拉伸敏感性。 自修复、机械强度高且导电的 OSA-PAM 水凝胶在人工皮肤、机器人执行器和医疗设备中具有潜在应用。

[947] Robust, Highly Visible, and Facile Bioconjugation Colloidal Crystal Beads for Bioassay ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018, 10(35): 29378-29384. High mechanical strength, highly visible, and admirable grafting molecular ability is the key challenge for colloidal photonic crystal (CPC) barcode beads in multiplex analysis fields. To achieve this goal, we proposed self-adhesion particles, polydopamine-coated SiO2 nanoparticles (PDA@SiO2), to construct CPC barcode beads by droplet-based microfluidic approach. Because of the adhesion, broad absorption of light, and "active" functional groups of PDA, the beads are endowed with high robustness, visibility, and excellent biomolecule immobilization. Ultrasonic treatment and compression experiments demonstrated that PDA@SiO2 CPC barcode beads have a high mechanical strength. Color analysis illustrated that PDA@SiO2 CPC beads exhibited a high visibility in color. The verification of fluorescent-tagged biomolecule conjugation together with the antigen detection stated that PDA@SiO2 CPC beads are capable of immobilizing biomolecule by covalent binding. With a sandwich format, the beads were applied to analyze the tumor makers including alpha fetal protein, carcinoembryonic antigen, and prostate specific antigen from practical clinical serum. The proposed suspension arrays using PDA@SiO2 CPC beads as a barcode showed acceptable accuracy and detection reproducibility.
[947] 强健、高可见性和简便的生物偶联胶体晶体微球用于生物分析 ACS 应用材料与界面，2018，10（35）：29378-29384。高机械强度、高可见性和令人钦佩的接枝分子能力是多路分析领域中胶体光子晶体（CPC）条形码微球的关键挑战。为实现这一目标，我们提出了自粘附颗粒，聚多巴胺包覆的二氧化硅纳米颗粒（PDA@SiO2），通过基于滴液的微流控方法构建 CPC 条形码微球。由于 PDA 的粘附性、宽光谱光吸收和“活性”官能团，这些微球被赋予了高健壮性、可见性和优异的生物分子固定化能力。超声波处理和压缩实验表明，PDA@SiO2 CPC 条形码微球具有高机械强度。颜色分析表明，PDA@SiO2 CPC 微球在颜色上表现出高可见性。荧光标记的生物分子偶联的验证以及抗原检测表明，PDA@SiO2 CPC 微球能够通过共价结合固定生物分子。 采用三明治格式，将珠子应用于分析肿瘤标志物，包括甲胎蛋白、癌胚抗原和前列腺特异性抗原，从实际临床血清中提取。使用 PDA@SiO2 CPC 珠子作为条形码的悬浮阵列显示出可接受的准确性和检测重复性。

[948] Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan - Collagen Peptide/Oxidized Konjac Glucomannan Hydrogel International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2018, 108: 376-382. In this paper, the microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) was used as a catalyst to graft the collagen peptide (COP) molecules on the amino group of chitosan to obtain water-soluble chitosan-collagen peptide (CS-COP) derivatives. The preparation of composite hydrogel was via the Schiff-base reaction between the amino of CS-COP and the aldehyde of oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKGM). The hydrogels were characterized by various techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of SEM showed that the hydrogel sample had a clear and stable three-dimensional network structure. Meanwhile, these effects of the addition of OKGM on gelation time, swelling behaviors, water evaporation rate and blood coagulation capacity were investigated. The shortest gelation time for hydrogels was 99.3 s. The hydrogels showed a good swelling ability and appropriate water retention capacity. The maximum swelling ratio of the hydrogel was 265%. Dynamic blood clotting test showed that the hydrogels materials had good blood coagulation capacity. Moreover, The biocompatibility of hydrogels was evaluated with NIH-3T3 cells by MIT method. The results indicated that the hydrogels exhibited better biocompatibility. Therefore, this hydrogel has a promising potential to be applied as wound dressing. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V.
[948] 纳米壳聚糖-胶原蛋白肽/氧化魔芋甘露聚糖水凝胶的制备与表征 国际生物大分子杂志，2018，108：376-382。在本文中，微生物转谷氨酰胺酶（MTGase）被用作催化剂，将胶原蛋白肽（COP）分子接枝到壳聚糖的氨基上，以获得水溶性壳聚糖-胶原蛋白肽（CS-COP）衍生物。复合水凝胶的制备是通过 CS-COP 的氨基与氧化魔芋甘露聚糖（OKGM）的醛基之间的席夫碱反应实现的。水凝胶通过各种技术进行了表征，包括傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）。SEM 的结果表明，水凝胶样品具有清晰且稳定的三维网络结构。同时，研究了 OKGM 的添加对凝胶化时间、溶胀行为、水分蒸发速率和血液凝固能力的影响。水凝胶的最短凝胶化时间为 99.3 秒。水凝胶表现出良好的溶胀能力和适当的水分保持能力。水凝胶的最大溶胀比为 265%。 动态凝血试验表明，水凝胶材料具有良好的凝血能力。此外，通过麻省理工学院方法使用 NIH-3T3 细胞评估了水凝胶的生物相容性。结果表明，水凝胶表现出更好的生物相容性。因此，这种水凝胶有潜力被应用于伤口敷料。（C）2017 由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。

[949] Chiral Photonic Crystalline Microcapsules with Strict Monodispersity, Ultrahigh Thermal Stability, and Reversible Response ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018, 10(21): 18289-18299. Tunable photonic crystals (TPCs) reflecting selected wavelengths of visible light and responding to external stimuli are widely applied to fabricate smart optical devices. Chiral nematic liquid crystals (CNLCs) possessing response to temperature, electric field, and magnetic field are considered as one-dimensional TPCs. The encapsulation of CNLCs provides responsive photonic devices with stand-alone macroscopic structure and excellent processability. However, when CNLCs as cores are wrapped by polymeric shells to form core shell structured microcapsules, the polydispersity of microcapsule size, the irregular spatial geometry, and the low thermal stability inevitably result in a deterioration of the optical performance and limited application at high temperatures. Herein, a combination of microfluidic emulsification and interfacial polymerization is employed to fabricate polymer wrapped photonic crystalline microcapsules (PWPCMs). The sizes and reflected colors of PWPCMs can be simultaneously controlled by adjusting the flow rates in the microfluidic chips. PWPCMs possess strictly monodispersed sizes with coefficients of variation less than 1%. The free-standing PWPCMs have high thermal stability. The deformation temperature of PWPCMs is as high as 210 degrees C. The colored PWPCMs also exhibit a reversible thermochromic property between the chiral nematic phase and the isotropic phase. The highly stable and tunable PWPCMs provide new opportunities for a wide range of photonic applications, including smart optical window, tunable microlasers, responsive microsensors, and various photonic devices.
[949] 具有严格单分散性、超高热稳定性和可逆响应的手性光子晶体微胶囊，ACS 应用材料与界面，2018，10（21）：18289-18299。可调谐光子晶体（TPCs）反射可见光的选择波长并对外部刺激作出响应，广泛应用于制造智能光学器件。具有对温度、电场和磁场响应的手性向列液晶（CNLCs）被视为一维 TPCs。CNLCs 的封装为响应光子器件提供了独立宏观结构和优异的加工性能。然而，当 CNLCs 作为核心被聚合物壳包裹形成核壳结构微胶囊时，微胶囊尺寸的多分散性、不规则的空间几何形状和低热稳定性不可避免地导致光学性能下降和在高温下的应用受限。在此，采用微流控乳化法和界面聚合相结合的方法来制备聚合物包裹光子晶体微胶囊（PWPCMs）。 聚苯乙烯微孔复合材料的尺寸和反射颜色可以通过调节微流控芯片中的流速同时控制。聚苯乙烯微孔复合材料具有严格单分散的尺寸，变异系数小于 1%。自支撑聚苯乙烯微孔复合材料具有高热稳定性。聚苯乙烯微孔复合材料的变形温度高达 210 摄氏度。着色聚苯乙烯微孔复合材料在手性液晶相和各向同性相之间也表现出可逆的热致变色特性。高度稳定和可调的聚苯乙烯微孔复合材料为包括智能光学窗口、可调微激光器、响应式微传感器和各种光子器件在内的广泛光子应用提供了新的机会。

[950] Roll-to-Roll Fabrication of Touch-Responsive Cellulose Photonic Laminates Nature Communications, 2018, 9(1): 4632-1638. Hydroxypropyl-cellulose (HPC), a derivative of naturally abundant cellulose, can self-assemble into helical nanostructures that lead to striking colouration from Bragg reflections. The helical periodicity is very sensitive to pressure, rendering HPC a responsive photonic material. Recent advances in elucidating these HPC mechano-chromic properties have so-far delivered few real-world applications, which require both up-scaling fabrication and digital translation of their colour changes. Here we present roll-to-roll manufactured metre-scale HPC laminates using continuous coating and encapsulation. We quantify the pressure response of the encapsulated HPC using optical analyses of the pressure-induced hue change as perceived by the human eye and digital imaging. Finally, we show the ability to capture real-time pressure distributions and temporal evolution of a human foot-print on our HPC laminates. This is the first demonstration of a large area and cost-effective method for fabricating HPC stimuli-responsive photonic films, which can generate pressure maps that can be read out with standard cameras.
[950] 卷对卷制备触觉响应纤维素光子层压材料 自然通讯，2018，9(1)：4632-1638。羟丙基纤维素（HPC），一种天然纤维素衍生物，可以自组装成螺旋纳米结构，从而产生由布拉格反射引起的显著颜色。螺旋周期对压力非常敏感，使 HPC 成为一种响应性光子材料。迄今为止，在阐明这些 HPC 机械色变性质方面的最新进展，为数不多的实际应用需要扩大规模的生产和其颜色变化的数字转换。在这里，我们展示了使用连续涂层和封装制备的米级 HPC 层压材料。我们使用光学分析来量化封装 HPC 的压力响应，分析由人眼感知的压力诱导色调变化以及数字成像。最后，我们展示了在 HPC 层压材料上捕捉实时压力分布和人类脚印时间演化的能力。 这是首次展示一种大面积且成本效益高的 HPC 刺激响应光子薄膜制备方法，该方法可以生成可用标准相机读取的压力图。

[951] Characterization of Calcium Alginate/Deacetylated Konjac Glucomannan Blend Films Prepared by Ca Crosslinking and Deacetylation Food Hydrocolloids, 2018, 82: 363-369. In this work, calcium alginate (Ca-SA)/deacetylated konjac glucomannan (DKGM) blend films were prepared by Ca2+ crosslinking of sodium alginate (SA) and deacetylation of konjac glucomannan (KGM). The structure analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetry (TGA) indicated that there was a strong interaction between Ca-SA and DKGM, which was resulted from the Ca2+ crosslinking of SA and intermolecular hydrogen bonds caused by the removal of acetyl groups on molecular chains of KGM, i.e. deacetylation of KGM. The obtained property findings revealed that the surface smoothness and transparency of the blended films were decreased with increasing the KGM/DKGM content. Moreover, the deacetylation of KGM decreased the swelling capacity of the blended films, while improved the thermal stability, surface hydrophobicity, and tensile strength of the blended films. In conclusion, this study provided an alternative improvement for the development of polysaccharide based packaging materials. (c) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
[951] 通过 Ca 交联和脱乙酰化制备的钙藻酸盐/脱乙酰化魔芋甘露聚糖共混薄膜的表征，2018，82：363-369。在这项工作中，通过钙离子交联海藻酸钠（SA）和脱乙酰化魔芋甘露聚糖（KGM）制备了钙藻酸盐（Ca-SA）/脱乙酰化魔芋甘露聚糖（DKGM）共混薄膜。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X 射线衍射（XRD）和热重分析（TGA）的结构分析表明，Ca-SA 和 DKGM 之间存在强烈的相互作用，这是由于 SA 的 Ca2+交联和 KGM 分子链上乙酰基团去除引起的分子间氢键所致，即 KGM 的脱乙酰化。获得的结果表明，随着 KGM/DKGM 含量的增加，共混薄膜的表面光滑度和透明度降低。此外，KGM 的脱乙酰化降低了共混薄膜的吸水率，同时提高了共混薄膜的热稳定性、表面疏水性和拉伸强度。 总之，本研究为多糖基包装材料的发展提供了一种替代改进方案。（c）2018 Elsevier Ltd. 版权所有。

[952] A Supramolecular Biomimetic Skin Combining a Wide Spectrum of Mechanical Properties and Multiple Sensory Capabilities Nature Communications, 2018, 9(1): 1134. Biomimetic skin-like materials, capable of adapting shapes to variable environments and sensing external stimuli, are of great significance in a wide range of applications, including artificial intelligence, soft robotics, and smart wearable devices. However, such highly sophisticated intelligence has been mainly found in natural creatures while rarely realized in artificial materials. Herein, we fabricate a type of biomimetic iontronics to imitate natural skins using supramolecular polyelectrolyte hydrogels. The dynamic viscoelastic networks provide the biomimetic skin with a wide spectrum of mechanical properties, including flexible reconfiguration ability, robust elasticity, extremely large stretchability, autonomous self-healability, and recyclability. Meanwhile, polyelectrolytes' ionic conductivity allows multiple sensory capabilities toward temperature, strain, and stress. This work provides not only insights into dynamic interactions and sensing mechanism of supramolecular iontronics, but may also promote the development of biomimetic skins with sophisticated intelligence similar to natural skins.
[952] 一种结合广泛机械性能和多种感官能力的超分子仿生皮肤 Nature Communications，2018，9（1）：1134。能够适应不同环境形状和感知外部刺激的仿生皮肤材料在人工智能、软体机器人、智能可穿戴设备等众多应用领域具有重要意义。然而，这种高度复杂的智能主要存在于自然生物中，而在人工材料中很少实现。在此，我们通过超分子聚电解质水凝胶制造了一种仿生离子电子器件，以模仿自然皮肤。动态粘弹性网络为仿生皮肤提供了广泛的机械性能，包括灵活的重新配置能力、强大的弹性、极大的延展性、自主自修复性和可回收性。同时，聚电解质的离子导电性使得皮肤能够对温度、应变和应力进行多种感官感知。 这项工作不仅提供了对超分子离子电子学动态相互作用和传感机制的见解，还可能促进具有类似天然皮肤的复杂智能的生物仿生皮肤的研发。

[953] A Flexible High-Performance Photoimaging Device Based on Bioinspired Hierarchical Multiple-Patterned Plasmonic Nanostructures Small, 2018, 14(13): e1703890. In insect eyes, ommatidia with hierarchical structured cornea play a critical role in amplifying and transferring visual signals to the brain through optic nerves, enabling the perception of various visual signals. Here, inspired by the structure and functions of insect ommatidia, a flexible photoimaging device is reported that can simultaneously detect and record incoming photonic signals by vertically stacking an organic photodiode and resistive memory device. A single-layered, hierarchical multiple-patterned back reflector that can exhibit various plasmonic effects is incorporated into the organic photodiode. The multiple-patterned flexible organic photodiodes exhibit greatly enhanced photoresponsivity due to the increased light absorption in comparison with the flat systems. Moreover, the flexible photoimaging device shows a well-resolved spatiotemporal mapping of optical signals with excellent operational and mechanical stabilities at low driving voltages below half of the flat systems. Theoretical calculation and scanning near-field optical microscopy analyses clearly reveal that multiple-patterned electrodes have much stronger surface plasmon coupling than flat and single-patterned systems. The developed methodology provides a versatile and effective route for realizing high-performance optoelectronic and photonic systems.
[953] 基于仿生分层多图案等离子体纳米结构的柔性高性能光电成像器件 Small，2018，14(13)：e1703890。在昆虫眼中，具有分层结构角膜的视杆细胞在放大和通过视神经将视觉信号传输到大脑中起着关键作用，从而实现各种视觉信号的感知。在这里，受昆虫视杆细胞结构和功能的启发，报道了一种柔性光电成像器件，该器件可以通过垂直堆叠有机光电二极管和电阻性存储器件同时检测和记录入射光子信号。一种单层、分层多图案背反射器，可以表现出各种等离子体效应，被集成到有机光电二极管中。与平面系统相比，多图案柔性有机光电二极管由于光吸收增加，表现出显著增强的光响应性。此外，该柔性光电成像器件在低于平面系统一半的低驱动电压下表现出良好的时空分辨率的光信号映射，并具有优异的操作和机械稳定性。 理论计算和近场光学显微镜分析清晰地揭示，多图案电极比平坦和单图案系统具有更强的表面等离子体耦合。该方法提供了一种通用的有效途径，以实现高性能光电子和光子系统。

[954] A Novel Anisotropic Hydrogel with Integrated Self-Deformation and Controllable Shape Memory Effect Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 2018, 39(9): 1800019. Although shape memory polymers have been highlighted widely and developed rapidly, it is still a challenging task to realize complex temporary shapes automatically in practical applications. Herein, a novel shape memory hydrogel with the ability of self-deformation is presented. Through constructing an anisotropic poly(acrylic acid)-polyacrylamide (PAAc-PAAm) structure, the obtained hydrogel exhibits stable self-deformation behavior in response to pH stimulus, and the shapes that formed automatically can be fixed by the coordination between carboxylic groups and Fe3+; therefore, self-deformation and shape memory behaviors are integrated in one system. Moreover, the magnitude of auto-deformation and shape memory could be adjusted with the concentration of corresponding ions, leading to programmable shape memory and shape recovery processes.
[954] 一种具有集成自变形和可控形状记忆效应的新型各向异性水凝胶高分子快速通讯，2018，39(9)：1800019。尽管形状记忆聚合物已被广泛强调并迅速发展，但在实际应用中自动实现复杂临时形状仍然是一项具有挑战性的任务。在此，提出了一种具有自变形能力的新型形状记忆水凝胶。通过构建各向异性聚丙烯酸-聚丙烯酰胺（PAAc-PAAm）结构，所得水凝胶在 pH 刺激下表现出稳定的自变形行为，自动形成的形状可以通过羧基与 Fe3+之间的配位来固定；因此，自变形和形状记忆行为集成在一个系统中。此外，自变形和形状记忆的幅度可以通过相应离子的浓度来调节，从而实现可编程的形状记忆和形状恢复过程。

[955] Template-Directed Solidification of Eutectic Optical Materials Advanced Optical Materials, 2018, 6(11): 1800071. Mesostructured materials can exhibit enhanced light-matter interactions, which can become particularly strong when the characteristic dimensions of the structure are similar to or smaller than the wavelength of light. For controlling visible to near-infrared wavelengths, the small characteristic dimensions of the required structures usually demand fabrication by sophisticated lithographic techniques. However, these fabrication methods are restricted to producing 2D and a limited range of 3D structures. When a large volume of structured material is required, the primary approach is to use self-assembly, and the literature includes many examples of mesostructured optical materials formed via self-assembly. However, self-organized materials almost always contain structural imperfections which limit their performance. Emerging work, however, is showing that by performing self-assembly within a guiding template, the defect density in self-assembled structures can be reduced. Particularly interesting is the possibility that utilizing a template can result in the formation of mesostructures not present in either the template or the native self-organizing material. In this review, particular emphasis is placed on emerging results showing the effect of mesoscale templates on the microstructure of solidifying eutectic materials, with a specific focus on how template-directed solidification may be a powerful approach for fabricating optically active structures, including optical metamaterials.
[955] 模板导向的共晶光学材料固溶，高级光学材料，2018，6(11)：1800071。介观结构材料可以表现出增强的光物质相互作用，当结构的特征尺寸与光的波长相似或更小时，这种相互作用尤其强烈。对于控制可见光到近红外波长，所需结构的微小特征尺寸通常需要通过复杂的微加工技术来制造。然而，这些制造方法仅限于生产二维和有限的 3D 结构。当需要大量结构材料时，主要方法是使用自组装，文献中包括许多通过自组装形成的介观结构光学材料的例子。然而，自组织材料几乎总是包含结构缺陷，这限制了它们的性能。然而，新兴的研究表明，通过在引导模板中进行自组装，可以降低自组装结构中的缺陷密度。 特别有趣的是，利用模板可能导致形成既不在模板中也不在原生自组织材料中存在的介观结构。在本综述中，特别强调了关于介观模板对凝固共晶材料微观结构影响的新发现，特别是模板导向凝固可能是一种强大的制造光学活性结构（包括光学超材料）的方法。

[956] Imaging-Based Study on Control Factors over Self-Sorting of Supramolecular Nanofibers Formed from Peptide- and Lipid-Type Hydrogelators Bioconjugate Chemistry, 2018, 29(6): 2058-2067. Multicomponent self-assembly is a fascinating strategy for the construction of smart soft materials. Among them, supramolecular hydrogels comprising self-sorting nanofibers have recently attracted significant attention owing to their rationally incorporated stimulus responsiveness. However, there have been limited investigations of the crucial factors that control the self-sorting phenomena. Here, we describe an imaging-based approach to evaluate the factors that control the formation of self-sorting nanofibers from peptide- and lipid-type hydrogelators. We screened a small library of hydrogelators with distinct chemical properties by direct visualization of their self-assembly behavior by using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Our systematic research identified two important factors that influence the self-sorting behavior of nanofibers: (i) the surface charge of the hydrogelators; and (ii) the hydrophobicity of the side chain on the peptide-type hydrogelators. We determined that the same net/surface charge on the hydrogelators and side chains with a lower hydrophobicity on the peptide-type hydrogelators were preferred. These findings, in combination with the previously reported kinetic factors, were used to design and successfully prepare a three-component orthogonal self-assembly composed of supramolecular nanofibers from peptide- and lipid-type hydrogelators and a cationic organorhodium complex. Our findings would be beneficial for the design of intelligent soft materials based on self-sorting phenomena.
基于成像的关于由肽和脂质型水凝胶剂形成的超分子纳米纤维自组装控制因素的研究 生物共轭化学，2018，29(6)：2058-2067。多组分自组装是构建智能软材料的一种迷人策略。其中，由自排序纳米纤维组成的超分子水凝胶由于合理地融入了刺激响应性而最近引起了广泛关注。然而，关于控制自排序现象的关键因素的研究还有限。在这里，我们描述了一种基于成像的方法来评估控制由肽和脂质型水凝胶剂形成自排序纳米纤维的因素。我们通过共聚焦激光扫描显微镜直接可视化它们的自组装行为，筛选了一个具有不同化学性质的水凝胶剂小库。我们的系统研究确定了两个影响纳米纤维自排序行为的重要因素：（i）水凝胶剂的表面电荷；（ii）肽型水凝胶剂侧链的疏水性。 我们确定，具有较低疏水性的肽型水凝胶剂及其侧链上的相同/表面电荷更受青睐。这些发现与先前报道的动力学因素相结合，用于设计和成功制备了一种由肽型和脂型水凝胶剂的超分子纳米纤维以及阳离子有机钌复合物组成的三组分正交自组装体系。我们的发现将有助于基于自排序现象的智能软材料的设计。

[957] Health Effects Associated with Occupational Exposure to Hand-Arm or Whole Body Vibration Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews, 2018, 21(5): 320-334. Workers in a number of different occupational sectors are exposed to workplace vibration on a daily basis. This exposure may arise through the use of powered-hand tools or hand-transmitted vibration (HTV). Workers might also be exposed to whole body vibration (WBV) by driving delivery vehicles, earth moving equipment, or through use of tools that generate vibration at low dominant frequencies and high amplitudes, such as jackhammers. Occupational exposure to vibration has been associated with an increased risk of musculoskeletal pain in the back, neck, hands, shoulders, and hips. Occupational exposure may also contribute to the development of peripheral and cardiovascular disorders and gastrointestinal problems. In addition, there are more recent data suggesting that occupational exposure to vibration may enhance the risk of developing certain cancers. The aim of this review is to provide an assessment of the occupations where exposure to vibration is most prevalent, and a description of the adverse health effects associated with occupational exposure to vibration. This review will examine (1) various experimental methods used to measure and describe the characteristics of vibration generated by various tools and vehicles, (2) the etiology of vibration-induced disorders, and (3) how these data were employed to assess and improve intervention strategies and equipment that reduces the transmission of vibration to the body. Finally, there is a discussion of the research gaps that need to be investigated to further reduction in the incidence of vibration-induced illnesses and injuries.
与手臂或全身振动职业暴露相关的健康影响 毒理学与环境健康杂志-部分 B-评论，2018，21(5)：320-334 在许多不同的职业领域中，工人们每天都会接触到工作场所的振动。这种暴露可能源于使用电动手持工具或手传振动（HTV）。工人还可能通过驾驶送货车辆、土方设备或使用产生低主频和高振幅振动的工具（如冲击钻）而接触到全身振动（WBV）。职业暴露于振动与背部、颈部、手、肩部和髋关节的肌肉骨骼疼痛风险增加有关。职业暴露还可能促进周围和心血管疾病以及胃肠道问题的发展。此外，最近的数据表明，职业暴露于振动可能增加患某些癌症的风险。 本综述旨在评估振动暴露最普遍的职业，并描述与职业振动暴露相关的健康不良影响。本综述将考察（1）用于测量和描述各种工具和车辆产生的振动特性的各种实验方法，（2）振动诱导疾病的病因，以及（3）如何利用这些数据评估和改进减少振动传至人体的干预策略和设备。最后，讨论了需要进一步研究以减少振动诱导疾病和伤害发生率的研究空白。

[958] High-Performance and Multifunctional Colorimetric Humidity Sensors Based on Mesoporous Photonic Crystals and Nanogels ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018, 10(48): 41645-41654. Colorimetric sensors, as a key branch of the application of photonic crystals (PCs), brings enthusiasm to scientists to do research. Here, simple mesoporous and structurally colored one-dimensional photonic crystals (1DPCs) constructed by alternating assembly of poly(acrylamide-N,N'-methylene bis(acrylamide)) (P(AM-MBA)) nanogels and TiO2 nanoparticles are reported as high-performance colorimetric humidity sensors. The sensors with bright colors display rapid response to relative humidity (RH) change and reach sensing balance in 0.5 s. By varying RH from 47.0% to 89.3%, stopband of a sensor changes from 426 to 668 nm, almost spanning the whole visible range. Meanwhile, visual sensing of RH possesses good reversibility and repeatability. Moreover, the sensors with delicate patterns are facilely fabricated by partial UV photodegradation of the polymer layers with nano TiO2 as catalyst. The delicate patterns and backgrounds show different colors and change color simultaneously and quickly by varying the ambient humidity. Accurate QR code pattern is also realized on the PC sensor; it is found successful reading of the data is only achieved by increasing RH to realize high color contrast between the code and background. Given their excellent properties, the porous hybrid PCs are promising as high-performance humidity sensors with potential display, decoration, information-storage, and encryption functions.
[958] 基于介孔光子晶体和纳米凝胶的高性能多功能比色湿度传感器 ACS 应用材料与界面，2018，10(48)：41645-41654。比色传感器作为光子晶体（PC）应用的关键分支，激发了科学家们的研究热情。在此，我们报道了一种由交替组装聚(丙烯酰胺-N，N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺)（P(AM-MBA)）纳米凝胶和 TiO2 纳米粒子构成的单维光子晶体（1DPCs），作为高性能比色湿度传感器。这些具有鲜艳颜色的传感器对相对湿度（RH）的变化反应迅速，在 0.5 秒内达到传感平衡。通过将 RH 从 47.0%变化到 89.3%，传感器的阻带从 426 nm 变化到 668 nm，几乎覆盖了整个可见光范围。同时，RH 的视觉传感具有良好的可逆性和重复性。此外，通过部分紫外光降解聚合物层（以纳米 TiO2 作为催化剂）可以轻松地制造出具有精细图案的传感器。 精细的图案和背景显示出不同的颜色，并通过改变环境湿度同时快速地改变颜色。在 PC 传感器上还实现了精确的二维码图案；研究发现，只有通过增加相对湿度，才能实现代码与背景之间的高对比度，从而成功读取数据。鉴于其优异的性能，多孔混合 PC 作为高性能湿度传感器具有潜力，可用于显示、装饰、信息存储和加密等功能。

[959] Progress and Opportunities in Soft Photonics and Biologically Inspired Optics Advanced Materials, 2018, 30(2). Optical components made fully or partially from reconfigurable, stimuli-responsive, soft solids or fluids-collectively referred to as soft photonics-are poised to form the platform for tunable optical devices with unprecedented functionality and performance characteristics. Currently, however, soft solid and fluid material systems still represent an underutilized class of materials in the optical engineers' toolbox. This is in part due to challenges in fabrication, integration, and structural control on the nano- and microscale associated with the application of soft components in optics. These challenges might be addressed with the help of a resourceful ally: nature. Organisms from many different phyla have evolved an impressive arsenal of light manipulation strategies that rely on the ability to generate and dynamically reconfigure hierarchically structured, complex optical material designs, often involving soft or fluid components. A comprehensive understanding of design concepts, structure formation principles, material integration, and control mechanisms employed in biological photonic systems will allow this study to challenge current paradigms in optical technology. This review provides an overview of recent developments in the fields of soft photonics and biologically inspired optics, emphasizes the ties between the two fields, and outlines future opportunities that result from advancements in soft and bioinspired photonics.
[959] 软光子学和生物启发光学进展与机遇 先进材料，2018，30(2)。完全或部分由可重构、刺激响应的软固体或流体（统称为软光子学）制成的光学元件，有望形成具有前所未有的功能性和性能特性的可调光学器件的平台。然而，目前软固体和流体材料系统在光学工程师的工具箱中仍代表一类未被充分利用的材料。这在一定程度上是由于与软组件在光学中的应用相关的纳米和微米级制造、集成和结构控制方面的挑战。这些问题可能借助一位富有创造力的盟友：自然来解决。许多不同门类的生物已经进化出一种令人印象深刻的光操纵策略，这些策略依赖于生成和动态重构分层结构、复杂的光学材料设计的能力，通常涉及软或流体组件。 对生物光子系统中采用的设计概念、结构形成原理、材料集成和控制机制的全面理解，将使本研究能够挑战当前的光学技术范式。本综述概述了软光子学和生物启发光学领域的最新进展，强调了这两个领域之间的联系，并概述了软光子学和生物启发光子学进步带来的未来机遇。

[960] Multiphysics Coupling in Lithium-Ion Batteries with Reconstructed Porous Microstructures Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2018, 122(10): 5280-5290. For an energy storage application such as electrical vehicles (EVs), lithium-ion batteries must overcome limited lifetime and performance degradation under specific conditions. Particularly, lithium-ion batteries show significant capacity loss at higher discharging rates (C-rates). In this work, we develop computational models incorporating coupled electrochemical mechanical thermal factors in order to reveal the relationship between the experimentally observed capacity loss and predicted mechanical stresses during electrochemical (dis)charging. Specifically, a multiphysics finite element model consisting of electrochemistry, heat generation, mass transport, and solid mechanics is developed to investigate thermal- and diffusion-induced stresses with the reconstructed porous microstructures of commercial LiFePO4 batteries. It has been suggested that porous microstructures in electrodes could mitigate the electrolyte reactivity for an improved battery life and safety. Therefore, the reconstructed porous microstructures from focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) images are adopted. The integrated experimental measurements and computational simulations show that: (1) Lithium-ion cells electrochemically tested at 3.6C have 30% capacity loss versus cells tested at 1.2C; a corresponding stress increase of 150% is observed from the multiphysic simulations. (2) The thermal models verified by in operando temperature measurement via the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor demonstrate that increasing temperature results in larger thermal stresses during (dis)charging. However, increases in thermal stress due to higher temperature played a lesser role at higher C-rates. (3) Lithium-ion concentration distribution is location dependent; that is, at any time and at any given C-rate, the outer layer of the particle exhibits a higher concentration than that inside the particle. (4) Higher diffusiim-induced stresses are observed at the connecting areas between particles, suggesting that the higher stresses may result from higher concentration variations in the connecting area. This study presents results that include evolutions of lithium-ion concentration and mechanical stresses and could help to provide insight into the decreasing electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries at higher C-rates.
[960] 锂离子电池中重建多孔微观结构的物理场耦合 Journal of Physical Chemistry C，2018，122(10)：5280-5290。对于电动汽车（EV）等储能应用，锂离子电池必须克服在特定条件下的有限寿命和性能退化。特别是，锂离子电池在较高放电速率（C 速率）下表现出显著的容量损失。在这项工作中，我们开发了包含耦合电化学、力学和热因素的数值模型，以揭示实验观察到的容量损失与电化学（充/放电）过程中预测的机械应力之间的关系。具体来说，开发了一个由电化学、热生成、物质传输和固体力学组成的物理场多物理场有限元模型，以研究重建的商业 LiFePO4 电池多孔微观结构的热和扩散诱导应力。有研究表明，电极中的多孔微观结构可以减轻电解液的反应性，从而提高电池寿命和安全。 因此，采用聚焦离子束扫描电子显微镜（FIB-SEM）图像重建的多孔微结构。综合实验测量和计算模拟表明：（1）在 3.6C 下电化学测试的锂离子电池与在 1.2C 下测试的电池相比，容量损失为 30%；多物理场模拟观察到相应的应力增加 150%。（2）通过光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）传感器进行的原位温度测量验证的热模型表明，温度升高会导致（放电）过程中的热应力增大。然而，在更高的 C 率下，由于温度升高引起的热应力增加作用较小。（3）锂离子浓度分布与位置有关；也就是说，在任何时刻和任何给定的 C 率下，粒子的外层浓度高于内部。（4）在粒子连接区域观察到更高的扩散诱导应力，这表明更高的应力可能源于连接区域更高的浓度变化。 这项研究呈现了包括锂离子浓度和机械应力演化的结果，有助于深入了解在更高倍率下锂离子电池电化学性能下降的机理。

[961] Programming a Crystalline Shape Memory Polymer Network with Thermo- and Photo-Reversible Bonds toward a Single-Component Soft Robot Science Advances, 2018, 4(1): eaao3865. The need to support the two most basic functions [three-dimensional (3D)-shaped support and actuation] independently for a typical robot demands that at least two components should be used in its construction. Therefore, component assembly is unavoidable despite the ultimate dream of creating assembly-free robots. We devise a strategy that uses a programmable crystalline shape memory polymer with thermo-and photo-reversible bonds to create a single-component robot. The global 3D-shaped structural support is fabricated via a plasticity-based origami technique enabled by the thermo-reversible bonds. More critically, precisely controlled localized actuation can be programmed into the 3D origami via spatially defined reversible shape memory using the photo-reversible bonds. The overall result is that a polymer thin film can be programmed into various soft robots including a 3D crane and an elephant. Besides reversible shape memory, other types of actuation mechanisms can be potentially introduced via a similar principle. Thus, our strategy represents a general method to create single-component soft robots.
[961] 通过热光可逆键合编程结晶形状记忆聚合物网络，实现单组分软体机器人的研究——科学进展，2018，4(1): eaao3865。为了支持典型机器人独立执行最基本的两个功能（三维（3D）形状支撑和驱动），至少需要使用两个组件来构建它。因此，组件组装是不可避免的，尽管最终目标是创造无需组装的机器人。我们提出了一种策略，使用具有热光可逆键合的可编程结晶形状记忆聚合物来创建单组分机器人。通过热可逆键合实现的塑性折纸技术制造了全局 3D 形状结构支撑。更重要的是，可以通过空间定义的可逆形状记忆将精确控制的局部驱动编程到 3D 折纸中，使用光可逆键合。总体结果是，可以将聚合物薄膜编程成各种软体机器人，包括 3D 起重机和大象。 除了可逆形状记忆之外，还可以通过类似原理引入其他类型的驱动机制。因此，我们的策略代表了一种创建单组分软体机器人的通用方法。

[962] Mechanochromic Response of the Barbules in Peacock Tail Feather Optical Materials, 2018, 75: 74-78. Peacock tail feathers exhibit diverse striking brilliancy, as the cortex in different colored barbules of the feathers contains a 2-D photonic-crystal structure. The mechanochromic response of the 2-D photonic structure in peacock feather barbules is measured for the first time, by combining an in-situ stretching device and a reflectivity measurement system. The reflectance spectra of the barbule specimen blueshifts own to stretching along its longitudinal direction. A high strain sensitivity of 5.3 nm/% is obtained for green barbules. It could be of great help in bionic design of strain sensors using 2D photonic crystal structures. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
[962]孔雀尾羽光学材料中羽小枝的机械色变响应，2018，75: 74-78。孔雀尾羽展现出多样的鲜艳色彩，因为羽毛不同颜色的羽小枝皮质中包含二维光子晶体结构。首次通过结合原位拉伸装置和反射率测量系统，测量了孔雀羽毛羽小枝中二维光子结构的机械色变响应。羽小枝样品的反射光谱沿纵向拉伸发生蓝移。绿色羽小枝获得了 5.3 nm/%的高应变灵敏度。这有助于利用二维光子晶体结构进行应变传感器的仿生设计。（C）2017 Elsevier B.V.版权所有。

[963] Self-Healing Hydrogels of Low Molecular Weight Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Assembled by Host-Guest Recognition Biomacromolecules, 2018, 19(2): 626-632. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is a cytocompatible synthetic polymer and has been commonly used to prepare hydrogels. Bile acids and beta-cyclodextrin are both natural compounds and they form stable host-guest inclusion complexes. They are attached covalently onto a low molecular weight PVA separately. Self-healing hydrogels can be easily formed by mixing the aqueous solutions of these PVA based polymers. The mechanical properties of the hydrogels can be tuned by varying the molar fractions of bile acid units on PVA. The dynamic inclusion complexation of the host-guest pair of the hydrogel allows the self-healing rapidly under ambient atmosphere and their mechanical properties could recover their original values in 1 min after incision. These PVA based polymers exhibited the good cytocompatibility and high hemocompatibility as shown by their biological evaluations. The use of natural compounds for host-guest interaction make such gels especially convenient to use as biomaterials, an advantage over conventional hydrogels prepared through freeze-thaw method.
[963] 由宿主-客体识别生物大分子组装的低分子量聚乙烯醇自修复水凝胶，2018，19(2)：626-632。聚乙烯醇（PVA）是一种细胞相容性合成聚合物，常用于制备水凝胶。胆汁酸和β-环糊精均为天然化合物，它们形成稳定的宿主-客体包合复合物。它们分别共价连接到低分子量 PVA 上。通过混合这些基于 PVA 的聚合物的水溶液，可以轻松形成自修复水凝胶。通过改变 PVA 上胆汁酸单元的摩尔分数，可以调节水凝胶的机械性能。水凝胶的宿主-客体对的动态包合作用使得其在环境气氛下可以快速自修复，其机械性能在切割后 1 分钟内可恢复到原始值。这些基于 PVA 的聚合物表现出良好的细胞相容性和高血液相容性，如其生物学评估所示。 天然化合物用于宿主-客体相互作用，使得这类凝胶作为生物材料特别方便使用，这是与传统通过冻融法制备的水凝胶相比的优势。

[964] Bioinspired Stimuli-Responsive Color-Changing Systems Advanced Materials, 2018, 30(19): 1707069-1707104. Stimuli-responsive colors are a unique characteristic of certain animals, evolved as either a method to hide from enemies and prey or to communicate their presence to rivals or mates. From a material science perspective, the solutions developed by Mother Nature to achieve these effects are a source of inspiration to scientists for decades. Here, an updated overview of the literature on bioinspired stimuli-responsive color-changing systems is provided. Starting from natural systems, which are the source of inspiration, a classification of the different solutions proposed is given, based on the stimuli used to trigger the color-changing effect.
[964] 受生物启发的刺激响应变色系统，先进材料，2018，30(19)：1707069-1707104。刺激响应颜色是某些动物的独特特征，这些动物通过进化发展出隐藏敌人或猎物的方法，或者向竞争对手或配偶传达其存在的方法。从材料科学的角度来看，大自然为实现这些效果所提出的解决方案，几十年来一直是科学家们灵感的来源。在此，提供了关于受生物启发的刺激响应变色系统文献的最新综述。从作为灵感来源的自然系统开始，根据用于触发颜色变化效果的刺激对所提出的不同解决方案进行了分类。

[965] On-Demand Dissolvable Self-Healing Hydrogel Based on Carboxymethyl Chitosan and Cellulose Nanocrystal for Deep Partial Thickness Burn Wound Healing ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018, 10(48): 41076-41088. Deep partial thickness burn wounds present big challenges due to the long healing time, large size and irregular shape, pain and reinjury at wound dressing changes, as well as scarring. The clinically effective therapy to alleviate pain at wound dressing changes, and the scar left on the skin after the healing of wound is still unavailable. To combat this, we develop a nanocomposite self-healing hydrogel that can be injected into irregular and deep burn wound beds and subsequently rapidly self-heal to reform into an integrated piece of hydrogel that thoroughly fills the wound area and protects the wound site from external environment, finally being painlessly removed by on-demand dissolving using amino acid solution at wound dressing changes, which accelerates deep partial thickness burn wound healing and prevents scarring. The hydrogel is made out of naturally occurring polymers, namely, water-soluble carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and rigid rod-like dialdehyde-modified cellulose nanocrystal (DACNC). They are cross-linked by dynamic Schiff-base linkages between amines from CMC and aldehydes from DACNC. The large aspect ratio and specific surface area of DACNC raise massive active junctions within the hydrogel, which can be readily broken and reformed, allowing hydrogel to rapidly self-heal. Moreover, DACNC serves as nanoreinforcing fillers to improve the hydrogel strength, which also restricts the "soft" CMC chains' motion when soaked in aqueous system, endowing high fluid uptake capacity (350%) to hydrogel while maintaining integrity. Cytotoxicity assay and three-dimensional cell culture demonstrate excellent biocompatibility of the hydrogel and capacity as extracellular matrix to support cell growth. This work opens a novel pathway to fabricate on-demand dissolvable self-healing hydrogels to speed deep partial thickness burn wound healing and eliminate pain at wound dressing changes and prevent scar formation.
基于羧甲基壳聚糖和纤维素纳米晶的按需溶解自修复水凝胶，用于深层部分厚度烧伤伤口愈合，ACS 应用材料与界面，2018，10（48）：41076-41088。深层部分厚度烧伤伤口由于愈合时间长、面积大、形状不规则、更换敷料时的疼痛和再次受伤，以及疤痕，带来了很大挑战。目前尚无临床有效的疗法来缓解更换敷料时的疼痛，以及伤口愈合后在皮肤上留下的疤痕。为了应对这一问题，我们开发了一种纳米复合材料自修复水凝胶，可以注入不规则和深部烧伤伤口床中，随后迅速自修复，形成一块完整的水凝胶，彻底填充伤口区域并保护伤口部位免受外部环境的影响，最终在更换敷料时通过氨基酸溶液按需溶解，无痛去除，从而加速深层部分厚度烧伤伤口愈合并防止疤痕形成。 水凝胶由天然存在的聚合物制成，即水溶性羧甲基壳聚糖（CMC）和刚性棒状二醛改性纤维素纳米晶体（DACNC）。它们通过 CMC 中的胺和 DACNC 中的醛之间的动态席夫碱连接进行交联。DACNC 的大长径比和比表面积在凝胶中形成大量活性节点，这些节点可以轻易地断裂和重组，使凝胶能够快速自修复。此外，DACNC 作为纳米增强填料，提高了凝胶的强度，同时也限制了在水中浸泡时“软”CMC 链的运动，赋予凝胶高达 350%的吸水能力，同时保持其完整性。细胞毒性试验和三维细胞培养表明，该水凝胶具有良好的生物相容性和作为细胞外基质支持细胞生长的能力。这项工作为制造按需溶解的自修复水凝胶开辟了新的途径，以加速深部部分厚度烧伤伤口的愈合，并在更换敷料时消除疼痛，防止疤痕形成。

[966] Portable Label-Free Inverse Opal Photonic Hydrogel Particles Serve as Facile Pesticides Colorimetric Monitoring Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical, 2018, 273: 1705-1712. Long-range ordered macroporous inverse opal hydrogel particles with methanephosphonic acid (MPA) imprinted sites have been designed and prepared through a sacrificial template method for the in situ molecule recognition process. The hydrogel particles showed well specific selectivity to MPA and obvious reflection peak shift which can be recognized by naked eyes. Because of the hydrogen bond interaction between MPA and polymethacrylic acid (PMAA), the macropores of the hydrogel matrix gradually swell during the recognition process. The prepared MPA imprinted crystal colloidal arrays hydrogel particles can be used as the colorimetric sensors for the detection of the existence of the MPA, achieving a 120 nm large red shift of its reflection peak leading to the interaction between the MPA and the imprinting sites. In addition, the size of the hydrogel particles is systematically studied, which inspires us to obtain the appropriate range of MPA sensor by controlling the size of the hydrogel particles to fit the different standard. In combination with food safety, hydrogen affinity molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) inverse opal suspension arrays sensors here are of potential application for the building of the pesticide detection system.
[966] 可携带的无标记逆光子水凝胶颗粒作为简便的农药比色监测传感器和执行器 B-化学，2018，273：1705-1712。通过牺牲模板法设计并制备了具有甲烷膦酸（MPA）印迹位点的长程有序大孔逆光子水凝胶颗粒，用于原位分子识别过程。水凝胶颗粒对 MPA 表现出良好的特异性选择性和明显的反射峰位移，可肉眼识别。由于 MPA 与聚甲基丙烯酸（PMAA）之间的氢键相互作用，水凝胶基质的宏观孔在识别过程中逐渐膨胀。制备的 MPA 印迹晶体胶体阵列水凝胶颗粒可用作比色传感器，用于检测 MPA 的存在，导致其反射峰发生 120 nm 的大红移，从而引起 MPA 与印迹位点的相互作用。 此外，对水凝胶颗粒的大小进行了系统研究，这启发我们通过控制水凝胶颗粒的大小以适应不同标准，从而获得适当的 MPA 传感器。结合食品安全，此处提到的氢亲和分子印迹聚合物（MIP）逆光学悬浮阵列传感器在构建农药检测系统中具有潜在应用价值。

[967] Dual-Crosslinked Amorphous Polysaccharide Hydrogels Based on Chitosan/Alginate for Wound Healing Applications Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 2018, 39(20). Development of advanced wound dressing materials with rapid healing rates is in urgent demand for wound cares. A suitable microenvironment will promote cell proliferation and migration, which benefits to early wound healing and prevents inflammations and scars. In this work, N-carboxymethyl chitosan- and alginate-based hydrogels are prepared via both electrostatic interaction and divalent chelation with epidermal growth factor (EGF) payload to promote the cell proliferation and wound healing. The dual-crosslinked hydrogels are investigated in terms of rheology, water retention ability, and the release rate of EGF. Moreover, such amorphous hydrogel can promote cell proliferation and accelerate wound healing. The present study demonstrates that dual-crosslinked polysaccharide hydrogels are promising in wound care management.
[967] 基于壳聚糖/海藻酸盐的双交联非晶态多糖水凝胶用于伤口愈合应用 大分子快速通讯，2018，39(20)。开发具有快速愈合速度的高级敷料材料对于伤口护理需求迫切。一个合适的微环境将促进细胞增殖和迁移，有利于早期伤口愈合，防止炎症和疤痕。在本研究中，通过静电相互作用和表皮生长因子（EGF）负载的二价螯合作用制备了 N-羧甲基壳聚糖和海藻酸盐基水凝胶，以促进细胞增殖和伤口愈合。研究了双交联水凝胶的流变学、保水能力和 EGF 的释放速率。此外，这种非晶态水凝胶可以促进细胞增殖并加速伤口愈合。本研究表明，双交联多糖水凝胶在伤口护理管理方面具有广阔的应用前景。

[968] Patterned Colloidal Photonic Crystals Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 2018, 57(10): 2544-2553. Colloidal photonic crystals (PCs) have been well developed because they are easy to prepare, cost-effective, and versatile with regards to modification and functionalization. Patterned colloidal PCs contribute a novel approach to constructing high-performance PC devices with unique structures and specific functions. In this review, an overview of the strategies for fabricating patterned colloidal PCs, including patterned substrate-induced assembly, inkjet printing, and selective immobilization and modification, is presented. The advantages of patterned PC devices are also discussed in detail, for example, improved detection sensitivity and response speed of the sensors, control over the flow direction and wicking rate of microfluidic channels, recognition of cross-reactive molecules through an array-patterned microchip, fabrication of display devices with tunable patterns, well-arranged RGB units, and wide viewing-angles, and the ability to construct anti-counterfeiting devices with different security strategies. Finally, the perspective of future developments and challenges is presented.
[968] 有序胶体光子晶体 Angewandte Chemie-International Edition，2018，57(10)：2544-2553。胶体光子晶体（PCs）因其易于制备、成本低廉、在改性及功能化方面具有多功能性而得到了很好的发展。有序胶体 PC 为构建具有独特结构和特定功能的高性能 PC 器件提供了一种新的方法。在本综述中，介绍了制备有序胶体 PC 的策略概述，包括有序衬底诱导组装、喷墨打印和选择性固定及改性。还详细讨论了有序 PC 器件的优点，例如，提高了传感器的检测灵敏度和响应速度、控制微流控通道的流动方向和毛细作用速率、通过阵列图案化的微芯片识别交叉反应分子、制造可调图案的显示器件、排列整齐的 RGB 单元、宽视角以及构建具有不同安全策略的反伪造设备。 最后，提出了未来发展和挑战的视角。

[969] Development of Anti-Bacterial Pva/Starch Based Hydrogel Membrane for Wound Dressing Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 2018, 26(1): 235-243. Wound infection is the primary challenge in the wound care management. To facilitate patients, the health care sector is trying to use the modern technology in the field of wound management. Various cellular processes and biological environments are intertwined in the process of wound repair. The compulsion for the modern dressing is not only to cover the wound but also to facilitate the healing rate of wound. In this research, the hydrogel membranes were prepared by crosslinking poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) with starch by using glutaraldehyde. Turmeric was added as an anti-bacterial agent. 0.5 g of turmeric showed the highest anti-bacterial activity among different turmeric contents used. For physical and mechanical characterization, the hydrogel membrane without turmeric (neat hydrogel) and 0.5 g were selected. FTIR of both hydrogel membranes confirmed the presence of free hydroxyl groups. Moreover, hydrogel membrane containing turmeric resulted stronger hydrogen bond interaction. Mechanical analysis of hydrogel membrane revealed sufficient strength to be used as wound dressing. The SEM images evolved that both hydrogel membranes were dense in nature. The swelling behavior values were greater than 100% for both hydrogel membranes. The water vapor transmission rate for 0.5 g turmeric hydrogel membrane was 52.85 g/m(2)h.
[969] 基于 PVA/淀粉的抗菌水凝胶膜的开发用于伤口敷料《聚合物与环境杂志》，2018，26(1)：235-243。伤口感染是伤口护理管理的主要挑战。为了方便患者，医疗保健部门正试图利用伤口管理领域的现代技术。各种细胞过程和生物环境交织在伤口修复过程中。现代敷料的需求不仅是为了覆盖伤口，还要促进伤口的愈合速度。在本研究中，通过使用戊二醛交联聚乙烯醇（PVA）与淀粉制备了水凝胶膜。添加了姜黄作为抗菌剂。0.5 克姜黄在所使用的不同姜黄含量中显示出最高的抗菌活性。对于物理和力学表征，选择了不含姜黄的水凝胶膜（纯水凝胶）和 0.5 克进行测试。两种水凝胶膜的 FTIR 证实了游离羟基的存在。此外，含有姜黄的水凝胶膜表现出更强的氢键相互作用。 水凝胶膜机械分析显示其强度足以用作敷料。扫描电镜图像显示两种水凝胶膜在本质上都是致密的。两种水凝胶膜的吸水率均大于 100%。0.5 克姜黄水凝胶膜的水蒸气透过率为 52.85 g/m²h。

[970] An Overview of Materials with Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces and Related Geometry: From Biological Structures to Self-Assembled Systems Advanced Materials, 2018, 30(17): e1705708. Triply periodic minimal surface structures and related geometries are widely identified in many natural systems, such as biological membranes and biophotonic structures in butterfly-wing scales. Inspired by their marvelous and highly symmetrical structures and optimized physical properties, these structures have sparked immense interest for creating novel materials by extracting the design from nature. Significant progress has been made to understand these biological structures and fabricate artificial materials by top-down and bottom-up approaches for numerous applications in chemistry and materials science. Herein, research achievements, including theoretical and experimental discoveries, in both biological systems and the artificial synthesis of materials with triply periodic minimal surface structures and related materials are summarized. Recent developments in self-assembled lyotropic liquid crystal phases, block copolymer systems, and their inorganic replicas are discussed in detail.
[970] 三重周期最小曲面材料及相关几何概述：从生物结构到自组装系统 高分子材料科学，2018，30(17)：e1705708。三重周期最小曲面结构及相关几何在许多自然系统中广泛存在，如生物膜和蝴蝶翅膀上的生物光子结构。受其奇妙且高度对称的结构和优化物理性质启发，这些结构激发了从自然界提取设计以创造新型材料的巨大兴趣。在理解这些生物结构并通过自上而下和自下而上的方法制造人工材料以应用于化学和材料科学方面取得了重大进展。在此，总结了生物系统和具有三重周期最小曲面结构及相关材料的人工合成中的研究成就，包括理论和实验发现。详细讨论了自组装液晶相、嵌段共聚物系统及其无机复制品的最新发展。

[971] The Dual Functional Reflecting Iris of the Zebrafish Advanced Science, 2018, 5(8): 1800338. Many marine organisms have evolved a reflective iris to prevent unfocused light from reaching the retina. The fish iris has a dual function, both to camouflage the eye and serving as a light barrier. Yet, the physical mechanism that enables this dual functionality and the benefits of using a reflective iris have remained unclear. Using synchrotron microfocused diffraction, cryo-scanning electron microscopy imaging, and optical analyses on zebrafish at different stages of development, it is shown that the complex optical response of the iris is facilitated by the development of high-order organization of multilayered guanine-based crystal reflectors and pigments. It is further demonstrated how the efficient light reflector is established during development to allow the optical functionality of the eye, already at early developmental stages.
[971] 鲤鱼的双功能反射虹膜，高级科学，2018，5(8)：1800338。许多海洋生物已经进化出反射虹膜来防止散光到达视网膜。鱼的虹膜具有双重功能，既可伪装眼睛，又可作为光屏障。然而，实现这种双重功能的物理机制以及使用反射虹膜的好处仍然不清楚。通过对处于不同发育阶段的斑马鱼进行同步辐射微聚焦衍射、冷冻扫描电子显微镜成像和光学分析，表明虹膜的复杂光学响应是由多层基于鸟嘌呤的晶体反射器和色素的高阶组织发展所促进的。进一步证明了在发育过程中如何建立高效的光反射器，以允许眼睛在早期发育阶段就具有光学功能。

[972] A Layered‐Composite Nanometric Sb2te3 Material for Chiral Photonic Bandgap Engineering physica status solidi (a), 2018, 215(14): 1800152.
[972] 用于手性光子带隙工程的多层复合纳米级 Sb2Te3 材料，物理状态固体(a)，2018，215(14)：1800152。

[973] Gyroid “Srs” Networks: Photonic Materials Beyond Nature Advanced Optical Materials, 2018, 6(18): 1800485.
[973] 腐蚀网络“Srs”：超越自然的超光子材料，《先进光学材料》，2018，6(18)：1800485。

[974] Colorimetric Detection of Perfluorinated Compounds by All-Polymer Photonic Transducers Acs Omega, 2018, 3(7): 7517-7522. We report on the highly sensitive optical and colorimetric detection of perfluorinated compounds in the vapor phase achieved by all-polymer dielectric mirrors. High optical quality and uniformly distributed Bragg reflectors were fabricated by alternating thin films of poly(N-vinylcarbazole) and Hyflon AD polymers as high and low refractive index medium, respectively. A new processing procedure has been developed to compatibilize the deposition of poly(N-vinylcarbazole) with the highly solvophobic Hyflon AD polymer layers to achieve mutual processability between the two polymers and fabricate the devices. As a proof of principle, sensing measurements were performed using the Galden HT55 polymer as a prototype of the perfluorinated compound. The Bragg stacks show a strong chromatic response upon exposure to this compound, clearly detectable as both spectral and intensity variations. Conversely, Bragg mirrors fabricated without fluorinated polymers do not show any detectable response, demonstrating that the Hyflon AD polymer acts as the active and selective medium for sensing perfluorinated species. These results demonstrate that organic dielectric mirrors containing perfluorinated polymers can represent an innovative colorimetric monitoring system for fluorinated compounds, suitable to improve both environmental safety and quality of life.
[974] 全聚合物光子传感器对全氟化合物的比色检测，《美国化学学会 Omega》，2018，3(7)：7517-7522。我们报道了一种通过全聚合物介电镜实现的高灵敏度光和比色检测全氟化合物的气相方法。通过交替沉积聚(N-乙烯基咔唑)和 Hyflon AD 聚合物薄膜作为高折射率和低折射率介质，制备了高光学质量和均匀分布的布拉格反射器。开发了一种新的工艺流程，以兼容聚(N-乙烯基咔唑)的沉积与高度疏溶剂的 Hyflon AD 聚合物层，以实现两种聚合物的互加工性并制造器件。作为原理证明，使用 Galden HT55 聚合物作为全氟化合物的原型进行了传感测量。布拉格堆叠在暴露于该化合物时表现出强烈的色散响应，可明显检测到光谱和强度的变化。 相反，未使用含氟聚合物制造的布拉格反射镜没有显示出任何可检测的反应，这表明 Hyflon AD 聚合物作为传感全氟化合物的活性且选择性的介质。这些结果证明，含有全氟聚合物的有机介电反射镜可以代表一种创新的比色监测系统，适用于提高环境安全和生活质量。

[975] Iridescent Chiral Nematic Cellulose Nanocrystal/Polyvinylpyrrolidone Nanocomposite Films for Distinguishing Similar Organic Solvents ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2018, 6(5): 6192-6202. Fast and easily distinguishable color change is the simplest sensor signal recognized by naked eyes. Rapid color change has been done via filling or removing liquid inside channels constructed by multi layered reflectors in biological species for camouflage or signaling. By mimicking it, a test paper for fast detection of similar organic solvents or water-content in ethanol has been designed based on nanocomposite films composed of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with chiral nematic structure. The chiral nematic architecture and structural color of CNC can be kept in CNC/PVP nanocomposites in a wide range of PVP content, up to 70 wt %. Moreover, we have observed that the nanocomposite containing higher weight percentage of PVP showed more distinguishable color difference while dipping in similar solvents. Owing to the wide solubility of PVP in organic solvents and the magnifying effect via increasing content of PVP, CNC/PVP nanocomposite films can work as discrimination sensors by presenting apparent color change while being dipping in several groups of similar organic solvents, such as homologues (methanol/ethanol), skeletal isomers (1-propanol/2-propanol), halogenated hydrocarbons (choloroform/dichloromethane), and even ethanol containing a small amount of water. The fast color change of CNC/PVP has been induced by the sensitive response of its structural color to the volume fraction change of CNC in the swollen state.
[975] 具有手性液晶结构的纤维素纳米晶体/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮纳米复合材料薄膜，用于区分相似有机溶剂，ACS 可持续化学与工程，2018，6(5)：6192-6202。快速且易于区分的颜色变化是最简单的肉眼可识别的传感器信号。通过在生物物种中填充或移除由多层反射器构建的通道内的液体，可以实现快速的颜色变化，用于伪装或信号传递。通过模仿这一过程，基于由纤维素纳米晶体（CNC）和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）组成的具有手性液晶结构的纳米复合材料薄膜，设计了一种用于快速检测相似有机溶剂或乙醇中水分含量的测试纸。在 PVP 含量广泛范围内，包括高达 70 wt %，CNC/PVP 纳米复合材料可以保持 CNC 的结构色和手性液晶结构。此外，我们观察到，含有更高 PVP 重量百分比的纳米复合材料在浸入相似溶剂时显示出更明显的颜色差异。 由于 PVP 在有机溶剂中的广泛溶解性和通过增加 PVP 含量产生的放大效应，CNC/PVP 纳米复合薄膜在浸入几组类似有机溶剂（如同系物（甲醇/乙醇）、骨架异构体（1-丙醇/2-丙醇）、卤代烃（氯仿/二氯甲烷）以及含有少量水的乙醇）时，可以作为识别传感器，表现出明显的颜色变化。CNC/PVP 的快速颜色变化是由其结构色对膨胀状态下 CNC 体积分数变化的敏感响应引起的。

[976] Time-Resolved Analysis of Dielectric Mirrors for Vapor Sensing ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018, 10(42): 36398-36406. Dielectric mirrors based on bilayers of polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyr-ene (SEBS) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanocomposites are fabricated for vapor sensing. When exposed to specific solvent vapor, the layers of dielectric mirrors can gradually swell and cause a red-shift of the reflection band. Because PVA solely responds to water and SEBS is sensitive to several different types of organic solvents, the mirrors can respond to a large variety of solvents. The dual-functional hydrophilic ZrO2 nanoparticles are introduced to not only enlarge the refractive index contrast but also increase the permeability. Time-resolved measurements show that mirrors with nanoparticles have a significantly faster response than those without nanoparticles. Moreover, the dependence on relative humidity is studied for representative solvents, and several types of solvents are selected to show the dependence on the solvent-polymer interaction parameters at typical relative humidity, which allows one to predict the responsivity and selectivity of the sensors.
[976] 时间分辨介电镜在蒸汽传感中的应用研究 ACS 应用材料与界面，2018，10(42)：36398-36406。基于聚苯乙烯-聚（乙烯-丁烯共聚物）-聚苯乙烯（SEBS）和聚（乙烯醇）-氧化锆（ZrO2）纳米复合材料双层介电镜用于蒸汽传感。当暴露于特定溶剂蒸汽时，介电镜的层可以逐渐膨胀并导致反射带的红移。由于 PVA 仅对水响应，而 SEBS 对多种不同类型的有机溶剂敏感，因此镜子可以响应大量溶剂。引入双功能亲水氧化锆纳米颗粒不仅可增大折射率对比度，还可增加渗透性。时间分辨测量表明，含有纳米颗粒的镜子比不含纳米颗粒的镜子响应速度更快。 此外，对代表性溶剂的相对湿度依赖性进行了研究，并选择了几种类型的溶剂以展示在典型相对湿度下溶剂-聚合物相互作用参数的依赖性，这有助于预测传感器的灵敏度和选择性。

[977] Snap-Buckling Motivated Controllable Jumping of Thermo-Responsive Hydrogel Bilayers ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018, 10(48): 41724-41731. Responsive hydrogel actuators have promising applications in diverse fields. Most hydrogel actuators are limited by slow actuation or shape transformations. This work reports on snap-buckling motivated jumping of thermoresponsive hydrogel bilayers. The bilayers are composed of poly(NIPAM-co-DMAPMA)/clay hydrogel with different lower critical solution temperatures in each layer, and thus undergo slow reversible curling/uncurling at temperature changes. The gels are adhesive to numerous materials including aluminum. The adhesion between the gels and an aluminum ratchet is utilized to constrain the thermoresponsive deformation of the bilayers to store elastic energy. When the accumulated elastic energy overwhelms the gel-aluminum adhesion, snap-buckling takes place to abruptly release the accumulated energy, which motivates the bilayer to jump. The jumping direction, start time, height, and distance are controlled by the geometry of the bilayers or the ratchet. This work paves a novel way for the rapid actuation of responsive hydrogels in a controlled manner and may stimulate the development of novel hydrogel devices.
[977] 受 Snap-Buckling 激励的温敏水凝胶双层可控跳跃 ACS 应用材料与界面，2018，10(48)：41724-41731。响应性水凝胶致动器在多个领域具有广阔的应用前景。大多数水凝胶致动器受限于缓慢的驱动或形状转换。本研究报道了受 Snap-Buckling 激励的温敏水凝胶双层跳跃。这些双层由具有不同下临界溶液温度的聚(NIPAM-co-DMAPMA)/粘土水凝胶组成，因此会在温度变化时经历缓慢的可逆卷曲/展开。这些凝胶对包括铝在内的多种材料具有粘附性。凝胶与铝棘轮之间的粘附被用来约束双层的温敏变形以储存弹性能量。当积累的弹性能量超过凝胶-铝粘附时，发生 Snap-Buckling 以突然释放积累的能量，从而激励双层跳跃。跳跃方向、开始时间、高度和距离由双层的几何形状或棘轮的几何形状控制。 本项工作为在可控方式下快速激活响应性水凝胶开辟了一条新的途径，并可能刺激新型水凝胶装置的开发。

[978] Vibration-Based Monitoring for Performance Evaluation of Flexible Civil Structures in Japan Proceedings of the Japan Academy Series B-Physical and Biological Sciences, 2018, 94(2): 98-128. The vibration-based monitoring of flexible civil structures and performance evaluation from this monitoring are reviewed, with an emphasis on research and practice in Japan and the author's experiences. Some new findings and unexpected vibrations from the monitoring of real bridges and buildings are reported to emphasize the importance of monitoring. Future developments and applications of vibration-based monitoring to civil infrastructure management are also described. Many examples are taken from the author's past 30 years' experience of research on bridge dynamics.
[978] 日本柔性土木结构性能评估的振动监测——日本学士院系列 B-物理与生物科学，2018，94(2)：98-128。本文回顾了柔性土木结构的振动监测及其性能评估，重点介绍了日本的研究与实践以及作者的经验。报告了一些来自实际桥梁和建筑监测的新发现和意外振动，以强调监测的重要性。还描述了基于振动监测在土木基础设施管理中的未来发展和应用。许多例子取自作者过去 30 年研究桥梁动力学的经验。

[979] Wearable Contact Lens Biosensors for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Using Smartphones ACS Nano, 2018, 12(6): 5452-5462. Low-cost, robust, and reusable continuous glucose monitoring systems that can provide quantitative measurements at point-of-care settings is an unmet medical need. Optical glucose sensors require complex and time-consuming fabrication processes, and their readouts are not practical for quantitative analyses. Here, a wearable contact lens optical sensor was created for the continuous quantification of glucose at physiological conditions, simplifying the fabrication process and facilitating smartphone readouts. A photonic microstructure having a periodicity of 1.6 mu m was printed on a glucose-selective hydrogel film functionalized with phenylboronic acid. Upon binding with glucose, the microstructure volume swelled, which modulated the periodicity constant. The resulting change in the Bragg diffraction modulated the space between zero- and first-order spots. A correlation was established between the periodicity constant and glucose concentration within 0-50 mM. The sensitivity of the sensor was 12 nm mM(-1), and the saturation response time was less than 30 min. The sensor was integrated with commercial contact lenses and utilized for continuous glucose monitoring using smartphone camera readouts. The reflected power of the first-order diffraction was measured via a smartphone application and correlated to the glucose concentrations. A short response time of 3 s and a saturation time of 4 min was achieved in the continuous monitoring mode. Glucose-sensitive photonic microstructures may have applications in point-of-care continuous monitoring devices and diagnostics at home settings.
[979] 基于智能手机的连续血糖监测可穿戴接触镜生物传感器 ACS Nano，2018，12（6）：5452-5462。低成本、耐用且可重复使用的连续血糖监测系统，能够在点护理环境中提供定量测量，这是未满足的医疗需求。光学血糖传感器需要复杂且耗时的制造工艺，且其读数不适用于定量分析。在此，创建了一种可穿戴接触镜光学传感器，用于生理条件下的连续葡萄糖定量，简化了制造工艺并促进了智能手机读数。在用苯硼酸功能化的葡萄糖选择性水凝胶膜上打印了周期为 1.6 微米的光子微结构。与葡萄糖结合后，微结构体积膨胀，调节了周期常数。由此产生的布拉格衍射变化调节了零级和一级斑点之间的空间。在 0-50 mM 范围内建立了周期常数与葡萄糖浓度之间的相关性。 传感器的灵敏度是 12 nm mM(-1)，饱和响应时间小于 30 分钟。该传感器与商业隐形眼镜集成，并利用智能手机摄像头读取进行连续血糖监测。通过智能手机应用程序测量了一阶衍射的反射功率，并将其与葡萄糖浓度相关联。在连续监测模式下，实现了 3 秒的响应时间和 4 分钟的饱和时间。葡萄糖敏感的光子微结构可能在点对点连续监测设备和家庭环境诊断中有所应用。

[980] Glucose Sensing with Phenylboronic Acid Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Optical Diffusers ACS Nano, 2018, 12(3): 2283-2291. Phenylboronic acids have emerged as synthetic receptors that can reversibly bind to cis-diols of glucose molecules. The incorporation of phenylboronic acids in hydrogels offers exclusive attributes; for example, the binding process with glucose induces Donnan osmotic pressure resulting in volumetric changes in the matrix. However, their practical applications are hindered because of complex readout approaches and their time-consuming fabrication processes. Here, we demonstrate a micro imprinting method to fabricate densely packed concavities in phenylboronic acid functionalized hydrogel films. A microengineered optical diffuser structure was imprinted on a phenylboronic acid based cis-diol recognizing motif prepositioned in a hydrogel film. The diffuser structure engineered on the hydrogel was based on laser-inscribed arrays of imperfect microlenses that focused the incoming light at different focal lengths and direction resulting in a diffused profile of light in transmission and reflection readout modes. The signature of the dimensional modulation was detected in terms of changing focal lengths of the microlenses due to the volumetric expansion of the hydrogel that altered the diffusion spectra and transmitted beam profile. The transmitted optical light spread and intensity through the sensor was measured to determine variation in glucose concentrations at physiological conditions. The sensor was integrated in a contact lens and placed over an artificial eye. Artificial stimulation of variation in glucose concentration allowed quantitative measurements using a smartphone's photodiode. A smartphone app was utilized to convert the received light intensity to quantitative glucose concentration values. The developed sensing platform offers low cost, rapid fabrication, and easy detection scheme as compared to other optical sensing counterparts. The presented detection scheme may have applications in wearable real-time biomarker monitoring devices at point-of-care settings.
[980] 基于苯硼酸功能化水凝胶的光扩散器葡萄糖传感 ACS Nano，2018，12（3）：2283-2291。苯硼酸已作为可逆结合葡萄糖分子顺式二醇的合成受体而出现。苯硼酸在水凝胶中的引入提供了独特的属性；例如，与葡萄糖的结合过程诱导 Donnan 渗透压，导致基质体积变化。然而，由于复杂的读出方法和耗时的制造过程，它们的实际应用受到阻碍。在这里，我们展示了一种微压印方法，用于制造苯硼酸功能化水凝胶薄膜中的密集凹坑。在预先放置在水凝胶薄膜中的苯硼酸基顺式二醇识别基序上压印了一种微工程光学扩散器结构。水凝胶上工程化的扩散器结构基于激光刻蚀的不完美微透镜阵列，这些微透镜将入射光聚焦在不同焦距和方向，从而在传输和反射读出模式下产生扩散的光线轮廓。 该维调制的特征通过微透镜的焦距变化检测到，这是由于水凝胶的体积膨胀改变了扩散光谱和传输光束的形状。通过传感器测量传输的光强和强度，以确定生理条件下的葡萄糖浓度变化。传感器集成在隐形眼镜中，并放置在人工眼球上。通过人工刺激葡萄糖浓度的变化，允许使用智能手机的光电二极管进行定量测量。使用智能手机应用程序将接收到的光强转换为定量葡萄糖浓度值。与其它光学传感平台相比，该开发的传感平台具有低成本、快速制造和易于检测的优点。所提出的检测方案可能在点对点护理设置的可穿戴实时生物标志物监测设备中具有应用。

[981] Distantina S, Kaavessina M, Fadilah, et al.: Carboxymethyl Konjac Glucomannan from Konjac Flour: The Effect of Media and Temperature on Carboxymethylation Rate, Nur A, Wijayanta A T, Budiman A W, editor, 3rd International Conference on Industrial, Mechanical, Electrical, and Chemical Engineering, 2018. [982] A Biomimicry Design for Nanoscale Radiative Cooling Applications Inspired by Butterfly Scientific Reports, 2018, 8(1): 16891. In nature, novel colors and patterns have evolved in various species for survival, recognizability or mating purposes. Investigations of the morphology of various butterfly wings have shown that in addition to the pigmentation, micro and nanostructures within the wings have also allowed better communication systems and the pheromone-producing organs which are the main regulators of the temperature within butterfly wings. Within the blue spectrum (450-495 nm), Morpho didius butterfly exhibit iridescence in their structure-based wings' color. Inspired by the rich physics behind this concept, we present a designer metamaterial system that has the potential to be used for near-field radiative cooling applications. This biomimicry design involves SiC palm tree-like structures placed in close proximity of a thin film in a vacuum environment separated by nanoscale gaps. The near-field energy exchange is enhanced significantly by decreasing the dimensions of the tree and rotating the free-standing structure by 90 degrees clockwise and bringing it to the close proximity of a second thin film. This exchange is calculated by using newly developed near-field radiative transfer finite difference time domain (NF-RT-FDTD) algorithm. Several orders of enhancement of near-field heat flux within the infrared atmospheric window (8-13 [Jim bandwidth) are achieved. This spectrally selective enhancement is associated with the geometric variations, the spatial location of the source of excitation and the material characteristics, and can be tuned to tailor strong radiative cooling mechanisms.
[981] Distantina S, Kaavessina M, Fadilah 等：从葛粉中提取的羧甲基葛根胶：培养基和温度对羧甲基化率的影响，Nur A，Wijayanta A T，Budiman A W，编者，第三届工业、机械、电气和化学工程国际会议，2018。[982] 受蝴蝶启发的新型纳米尺度辐射冷却应用仿生设计，《科学报告》，2018，8(1)：16891。在自然界中，各种物种为了生存、识别或交配目的，进化出了新颖的颜色和图案。对各种蝴蝶翅膀形态的研究表明，除了色素外，翅膀内部的微纳米结构也使得更好的通信系统和产生信息素的器官成为蝴蝶翅膀内温度的主要调节器。在蓝色光谱（450-495 nm）范围内，Morpho didius 蝴蝶在其结构基础翅膀颜色上表现出结构色。受这一概念背后的丰富物理现象的启发，我们提出了一种具有潜在近场辐射冷却应用的设计性超材料系统。 这种仿生设计涉及将碳化硅（SiC）棕榈树状结构放置在真空环境中薄膜的紧密邻近处，两者之间由纳米级间隙隔开。通过减小树的结构尺寸，将自由站立的结构顺时针旋转 90 度并将其移至第二薄膜的紧密邻近处，显著增强了近场能量交换。这种交换是通过使用新开发的近场辐射传输有限差分时域（NF-RT-FDTD）算法来计算的。在红外大气窗口（8-13 [吉姆带宽]）内实现了近场热通量的数级增强。这种光谱选择性增强与几何变化、激发源的空間位置和材料特性有关，并可调节以定制强烈的辐射冷却机制。

[983] Safety Modelling and Testing of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electrified Vehicles Nature Energy, 2018, 3(4): 261-266. To optimize the safety of batteries, it is important to understand their behaviours when subjected to abuse conditions. Most early efforts in battery safety modelling focused on either one battery cell or a single field of interest such as mechanical or thermal failure. These efforts may not completely reflect the failure of batteries in automotive applications, where various physical processes can take place in a large number of cells simultaneously. In this Perspective, we review modelling and testing approaches for battery safety under abuse conditions. We then propose a general framework for large-scale multi-physics modelling and experimental work to address safety issues of automotive batteries in real-world applications. In particular, we consider modelling coupled mechanical, electrical, electrochemical and thermal behaviours of batteries, and explore strategies to extend simulations to the battery module and pack level. Moreover, we evaluate safety test approaches for an entire range of automotive hardware sets from cell to pack. We also discuss challenges in building this framework and directions for its future development.
锂离子电池在电动车辆中的安全建模与测试，《自然·能源》2018 年第 3 卷第 4 期：261-266。为了优化电池的安全性，了解其在滥用条件下的行为至关重要。大多数早期电池安全建模工作主要集中在单个电池单元或单一领域，如机械或热故障。这些努力可能无法完全反映汽车应用中电池的故障情况，因为在大量电池单元中可能同时发生各种物理过程。在本篇评论中，我们回顾了滥用条件下的电池安全建模和测试方法。然后，我们提出一个用于解决汽车电池在实际应用中安全问题的通用框架，包括大规模多物理建模和实验工作。特别是，我们考虑建模电池的耦合机械、电、电化学和热行为，并探索将模拟扩展到电池模块和电池包级别的策略。此外，我们评估了从电池单元到电池包的整个汽车硬件集的安全测试方法。 我们还讨论了构建该框架的挑战及其未来发展的方向。

[984] Cardiomyocytes‐Actuated Morpho Butterfly Wings Advanced Materials, 2018, 31(8): e1805431. Morpho butterflies are famous for their wings' brilliant structural colors arising from periodic nanostructures, which show great potential value for fundamental research and practical applications. Here, a novel cellular mechanical visualizable biosensor formed by assembling engineered cardiac tissues on the Morpho butterfly wings is presented. The assembled cardiomyocytes benefit from the periodic parallel nanoridges of the wings and can recover their autonomic beating ability with guided cellular orientation and good contraction performance. As the beating processes are accompanied by the cardiomyocytes' elongation and contraction, the elastic butterfly wing substrate undergoes the same cycle of deformations, which causes corresponding synchronous shifts in their structural colors and photonic bandgaps for self-reporting of the cell mechanics. It is demonstrated that this self-reporting performance can be further improved by adding oriented carbon nanotubes in the nanoridges of the wings for the culture. In addition, taking advantage of the similar size of the cardiomyocyte and a single Morpho wing scale, the investigation of single-cell-level mechanics can be realized by detecting the optical performance of a single scale. These remarkable properties make these butterfly wings ideal platforms for biomedical research.
[984] 心肌细胞驱动形态蝴蝶翅膀 先进材料，2018，31(8)：e1805431。形态蝴蝶以其翅膀由周期性纳米结构产生的鲜艳的结构颜色而闻名，这些颜色在基础研究和实际应用中具有巨大的潜在价值。在这里，一种新型的细胞机械可视化生物传感器被提出，该传感器通过在形态蝴蝶翅膀上组装工程化心肌组织而形成。组装的心肌细胞得益于翅膀的周期性平行纳米脊，并且可以在引导的细胞取向和良好的收缩性能下恢复其自主搏动能力。随着搏动过程伴随着心肌细胞的伸长和收缩，具有弹性的蝴蝶翅膀基底经历相同的变形周期，这导致其结构颜色和光子带隙发生相应的同步变化，从而实现细胞机械的自我报告。研究表明，通过在翅膀的纳米脊中添加定向碳纳米管来培养，可以进一步提高这种自我报告性能。 此外，利用心肌细胞和单个形态翅鳞片相似的大小，可以通过检测单个鳞片的光学性能来实现单细胞水平的力学研究。这些显著特性使这些蝴蝶翅膀成为生物医学研究的理想平台。

[985] Advances in the Structural Health Monitoring of Bridges Using Piezoelectric Transducers Sensors, 2018, 18(12). With the rapid development of the world's transportation infrastructure, many long-span bridges were constructed in recent years, especially in China. However, these bridges are easily subjected to various damages due to dynamic loads (such as wind-, earthquake-, and vehicle-induced vibration) or environmental factors (such as corrosion). Therefore, structural health monitoring (SHM) is vital to guarantee the safety of bridges in their service lives. With its wide frequency response range, fast response, simple preparation process, ease of processing, low cost, and other advantages, the piezoelectric transducer is commonly employed for the SHM of bridges. This paper summarizes the application of piezoelectric materials for the SHM of bridges, including the monitoring of the concrete strength, bolt looseness, steel corrosion, and grouting density. For each problem, the application of piezoelectric materials in different research methods is described. The related data processing methods for four types of bridge detection are briefly summarized, and the principles of each method in practical application are listed. Finally, issues to be studied when using piezoelectric materials for monitoring are discussed, and future application prospects and development directions are presented.
[985] 使用压电传感器进行桥梁结构健康监测的进展，2018，18(12)。随着世界交通基础设施的快速发展，近年来建造了许多大跨度桥梁，尤其是在中国。然而，这些桥梁容易受到动态载荷（如风载、地震和车辆引起的振动）或环境因素（如腐蚀）的损害。因此，结构健康监测（SHM）对于保证桥梁在其使用寿命中的安全至关重要。由于其宽频响应范围、快速响应、简单的准备过程、易于处理、低成本等优点，压电传感器常被用于桥梁的 SHM。本文总结了压电材料在桥梁 SHM 中的应用，包括混凝土强度、螺栓松动、钢腐蚀和灌浆密度的监测。对于每个问题，描述了压电材料在不同研究方法中的应用。 四种桥梁检测的相关数据处理方法简要概述，并列出每种方法在实际应用中的原理。最后，讨论使用压电材料进行监测时需要研究的问题，并提出了未来的应用前景和发展方向。

[986] Inspired Anisotropic Cellular Biomass Derived Carbonaceous Aerogel ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2018, 6(12): 17152-17159. Carbon aerogels with biomimetic structures have shown excellent physicochemical properties and brought great potential applications to a wide range of fields. The utilization of renewable resources as the carbon precursors offers a low-cost and scalable way to fabricate biomimetic carbon aerogels with intriguing properties such as ultralight weight, superelasticity, and high conductivity. Inspired by the unique hierarchical mineral bridge structure of Thalia dealbata stem, we fabricated an ultralight, superelastic, highly conductive carbon aerogel (KGA) by using konjac glucomannan and graphene oxide as the carbon precursors. The unique mineral-bridged layered structure not only endows the carbon aerogel with a low density of 4.2 mg cm(-3) but also a high electrical conductivity (12.9 S m(-1)). In addition, the carbon aerogel also exhibits a superelastic property of 80% maximal strain and no obvious degradation after 1000 cycles of compression. We demonstrated that this Thalia dealbata inspired carbon aerogel has potential applications in supercapacitor electrodes and piezoresistive sensors.
[986] 受启发的各向异性细胞生物质碳基气凝胶 ACS 可持续化学与工程，2018，6(12)：17152-17159。具有仿生结构的碳气凝胶表现出优异的物理化学性质，并为广泛领域的应用带来了巨大潜力。以可再生资源作为碳前体，提供了一种低成本且可扩展的制造具有超轻重量、超弹性和高导电性等有趣特性的仿生碳气凝胶的方法。受 Thalia dealbata 茎的独特分层矿物桥结构的启发，我们利用魔芋甘露聚糖和氧化石墨烯作为碳前体，制造了一种超轻、超弹性、高导电性的碳气凝胶（KGA）。独特的矿物桥层状结构不仅赋予碳气凝胶低密度（4.2 mg cm(-3)），还赋予其高电导率（12.9 S m(-1)）。此外，碳气凝胶还表现出 80%的最大应变超弹性，在 1000 次压缩循环后没有明显的退化。 我们证明了这种由 Thalia dealbata 启发的碳气凝胶在超级电容器电极和压阻传感器中具有潜在应用。

[987] An Injectable Self-Healing Hydrogel with Adhesive and Antibacterial Properties Effectively Promotes Wound Healing Carbohydrate Polymers, 2018, 201: 522-531. Hydrogels with self-healing capacity can undergo self-repair, establishing safer and longer-lasting products. Hydrogel wound dressings showing self-healing capacity can prolong the lifespan of the material and provide better wound protection. Therefore, in this study, Schiff base reactions (reversible imine linkages) were utilized to design injectable self-healing hydrogels with chitosan and konjac glucomannan. Oxidized konjac glucomannan was used to react with chitosan to form hydrogel. In addition to injectable, self-healing properties, the hydrogels also had adhesive and antibacterial properties, were biocompatible, and promoted wound healing. The inhibition rates of hydrogels against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coll. were 96% and 98%, respectively. In addition, microscopy and rheological analyses showed that the hydrogels healed within 4 h without additional exogenous stimulation. Finally, the developed hydrogels were injectable and significantly shortened wound recovery time in a full-thickness skin defect model. Thus, our findings established a novel hydrogel material that may have applications in wound healing.
[987] 具有粘附和抗菌性能的可注射自修复水凝胶有效促进伤口愈合 碳水化合物聚合物，2018，201：522-531。具有自修复能力的水凝胶可以自行修复，建立更安全、更持久的产品。具有自修复能力的水凝胶敷料可以延长材料的使用寿命并提供更好的伤口保护。因此，在本研究中，利用席夫碱反应（可逆的亚胺键）设计了可注射自修复水凝胶，其中含有壳聚糖和葛根甘露聚糖。氧化葛根甘露聚糖用于与壳聚糖反应形成水凝胶。除了可注射和自修复性能外，水凝胶还具有粘附性和抗菌性，生物相容性，并促进伤口愈合。水凝胶对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑制率分别为 96%和 98%。此外，显微镜和流变学分析表明，水凝胶在 4 小时内无需额外外源性刺激即可自行愈合。 最终，开发的羟基凝胶可注射，并在全层皮肤缺损模型中显著缩短了伤口愈合时间。因此，我们的发现确立了一种新型羟基凝胶材料，可能应用于伤口愈合。

[988] Moth Eye-Inspired Anti-Reflective Surfaces for Improved Ir Optical Systems & Visible Leds Fabricated with Colloidal Lithography and Etching Bioinspiration and Biomimetics, 2018, 13(4): 041001. Near- and sub-wavelength photonic structures are used by numerous organisms (e.g. insects, cephalopods, fish, birds) to create vivid and often dynamically-tunable colors, as well as create, manipulate, or capture light for vision, communication, crypsis, photosynthesis, and defense. This review introduces the physics of moth eye (ME)-like, biomimetic nanostructures and discusses their application to reduce optical losses and improve efficiency of various optoelectronic devices, including photodetectors, photovoltaics, imagers, and light emitting diodes. Light-matter interactions at structured and heterogeneous surfaces over different length scales are discussed, as are the various methods used to create ME-inspired surfaces. Special interest is placed on a simple, scalable, and tunable method, namely colloidal lithography with plasma dry etching, to fabricate ME-inspired nanostructures in a vast suite of materials. Anti-reflective surfaces and coatings for IR devices and enhancing light extraction from visible light emitting diodes are highlighted.
[988] 受蛾眼启发的抗反射表面用于改进红外光学系统和可见光 LED，采用胶体光刻和蚀刻生物启发与仿生学，2018，13(4)：041001。许多生物体（如昆虫、头足类、鱼类、鸟类）利用近波长和亚波长光子结构来产生鲜艳且通常可动态调节的颜色，以及创造、操控或捕获光以用于视觉、通信、隐身、光合作用和防御。本综述介绍了类似蛾眼（ME）的仿生纳米结构的物理学，并讨论了其在减少光学损耗和提高各种光电器件（包括光电探测器、光伏、成像仪和发光二极管）效率方面的应用。讨论了不同长度尺度上结构化和异质表面的光物质相互作用，以及创建 ME 启发表面的各种方法。特别关注一种简单、可扩展和可调的方法，即胶体光刻与等离子体干蚀刻，以在广泛材料中制造 ME 启发的纳米结构。 防反射表面和涂层在红外设备中的应用以及增强可见光发光二极管的光提取被重点介绍。

[989] Eco-Friendly and Biocompatible Cross-Linked Carboxymethylcellulose Hydrogels as Adsorbents for the Removal of Organic Dye Pollutants for Environmental Applications Environmental Technology, 2018, 39(22): 2856-2872. In this study, new eco-friendly hydrogel adsorbents were synthesized based on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC, degree of substitution [DS] = 0.7) chemically cross-linked with citric acid (CA) using a green process in aqueous solution and applied for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB). Spectroscopic analyses demonstrated the mechanism of cross-linking through the reaction of hydroxyl functional groups from CMC with CA. These CMC hydrogels showed very distinct morphological features dependent on the extension of cross-linking and their nanomechanical properties were drastically increased by approximately 300% after cross-linking with 20% CA (e.g. elastic moduli from 80 +/- 15 to 270 +/- 50 MPa). Moreover, they were biocompatible using an in vitro cell viability assay in contact with human osteosarcoma-derived cells (SAOS) for 24 h. These CMC-based hydrogels exhibited adsorption efficiency above 90% (24 h) and maximum removal capacity of MB from 5 to 25 mg g(-1) depending on the dye concentration (from 100 to 500 mg L-1), which was used as the model cationic organic pollutant. The adsorption of process of MB was well-fit to the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. The desorption of MB by immersion in KCl solution (3 mol L-1, 24 h) showed a typical recovery efficiency of over 60% with conceivable reuse of these CMC-based hydrogels. Conversely, CMC hydrogels repelled methyl orange dye used as model anionic pollutant, proving the mechanism of adsorption by the formation of charged polyelectrolyte/dye complexes. [GRAPHICS]
[989] 环保和生物相容性交联羧甲基纤维素水凝胶作为去除有机染料污染物的吸附剂，用于环境应用。环境技术，2018，39(22)：2856-2872。在本研究中，基于羧甲基纤维素（CMC，取代度[DS] = 0.7）并使用绿色工艺在水中与柠檬酸（CA）化学交联的新环保水凝胶吸附剂被合成，并用于吸附亚甲基蓝（MB）。光谱分析表明，通过 CMC 的羟基官能团与 CA 的反应实现了交联机制。这些 CMC 水凝胶表现出非常独特的形态特征，取决于交联的扩展，并且它们的纳米力学性能在用 20% CA 交联后显著提高了约 300%（例如，弹性模量从 80 +/- 15 MPa 增加到 270 +/- 50 MPa）。此外，它们通过与人类骨肉瘤细胞（SAOS）接触 24 小时的体外细胞活力试验证明是生物相容的。 这些基于 CMC 的水凝胶表现出超过 90%的吸附效率（24 小时）和从 5 到 25 mg g(-1)的最大 MB 去除能力，这取决于染料浓度（从 100 到 500 mg L-1），它被用作模型阳离子有机污染物。MB 的吸附过程很好地符合伪二级动力学模型。将 MB 通过浸泡在 KCl 溶液（3 mol L-1，24 小时）中解吸，显示出典型的超过 60%的回收效率，这些基于 CMC 的水凝胶可以重复使用。相反，CMC 水凝胶排斥用作模型阴离子污染物的甲基橙染料，证明了通过形成带电聚电解质/染料复合物的吸附机制。 [图形]

[990] A Novel Color Modulation Analysis Strategy through Tunable Multiband Laser for Nanoparticle Identification and Evaluation Analytical Chemistry, 2018, 90(4): 2501-2507. Creating color difference and improving the color resolution in digital imaging is crucial for better application of color analysis. Herein, a novel color modulation analysis strategy was developed by using a homemade tunable multiband laser illumination device, in which the portions of R, G, and B components of the illumination light are discretionarily adjustable, and hence the sample color could be visually modulated continuously in the RGB color space. Through this strategy, the color appearance of single gold nanorods (AuNRs) under dark-field microscopy was migrated from the spectrally insensitive red region to the spectrally sensitive green-yellow region. Unlike the traditional continuous-wave light source illumination, wherein the small spectral variations in the samples within a narrow spectral range are averaged by the whole spectrum of the light source, leading to little color difference, the application of sharp, multiband laser illumination could enlarge the color separation between samples, thus resulting in high spectral sensitivity in color analysis. By comparing the corresponding color evolution processes of different samples as the multiband combination of the laser illumination was changed, more efficient color separation of AuNRs was achieved. With this instrument and single Ag@AuNRs as the sulfide probe, we achieved high throughput and highly sensitive detection of sulfide at a detection limit of 0.1 nM, a more than 2 orders of magnitude improvement compared to the previous color sensing scheme. This strategy could be utilized for nanoparticle identification, evaluation, and determination in biological imaging and biochemical analysis.
[990] 通过可调多波段激光器进行纳米粒子识别和评估的新型颜色调制分析策略 分析化学，2018，90(4)：2501-2507。在数字图像中创建颜色差异和提高颜色分辨率对于更好地应用颜色分析至关重要。在此，通过使用自制的可调多波段激光器照明装置，开发了一种新型颜色调制分析策略，其中照明光的 R、G 和 B 成分部分可随意调节，因此样品颜色可以在 RGB 颜色空间中连续视觉调制。通过此策略，单金纳米棒（AuNRs）在暗场显微镜下的颜色外观从光谱不敏感的红色区域迁移到光谱敏感的绿黄色区域。 与传统的连续波光源照明不同，其中在狭窄光谱范围内的样品中的小光谱变化被光源的整体光谱平均，导致颜色差异很小，而应用尖锐的多波段激光照明可以扩大样品之间的颜色分离，从而在颜色分析中实现高光谱灵敏度。通过比较激光照明多波段组合改变时不同样品的相应颜色演变过程，实现了 AuNRs 的更有效颜色分离。使用该仪器和单 Ag@AuNRs 作为硫化物探针，我们实现了在检测限为 0.1 nM 的高通量和高度灵敏的硫化物检测，比之前的颜色传感方案提高了 2 个数量级。这种策略可用于生物成像和生化分析中的纳米粒子鉴定、评估和确定。

[991] Amino Acid-Derived Stimuli-Responsive Polymers and Their Applications Polymer Chemistry, 2018, 9(11): 1257-1287. Natural biopolymers such as proteins and nucleic acids in living organisms possess an inherent ability to respond to local environmental stimuli, which motivated researchers to make biomolecule-derived non-biological macromolecules with a biomimetic structure having stimuli-responsive properties. This review mainly focuses on stimuli-responsive polymers having natural amino acid units either in the main-chain or in the side-chain, their self-assembled nanostructures and hydrogel networks. Recent advances in the design and synthesis of amino acid-derived polymers that are responsive to various physical, chemical, or biochemical stimuli such as temperature, light, pH, redox-, metal ions, gas, glucose, enzyme, proteins, DNA or a combination of these are illustrated. Their potential for use as stimuli-responsive smart nanomaterials in biomedical and biotechnological applications such as in controlled drug delivery, gene delivery, non-fouling materials, etc. is also highlighted. The primary aim of this review article is to motivate researchers towards the design and synthesis of novel stimuli-responsive biohybrid materials for making next generation smart materials.
氨基酸衍生的刺激响应聚合物及其应用 聚合物化学，2018，9(11)：1257-1287。生物体中的天然生物大分子如蛋白质和核酸具有对局部环境刺激的固有响应能力，这激励研究人员制造具有仿生结构和刺激响应特性的生物分子衍生的非生物大分子。本综述主要关注主链或侧链中含有天然氨基酸单元的刺激响应聚合物，它们的自组装纳米结构和水凝胶网络。展示了氨基酸衍生的聚合物在设计和合成方面的最新进展，这些聚合物对各种物理、化学或生物化学刺激（如温度、光、pH、氧化还原、金属离子、气体、葡萄糖、酶、蛋白质、DNA 或这些的组合）具有响应性。它们在生物医学和生物技术应用中作为刺激响应智能纳米材料的潜力，如药物递送、基因递送、非污染材料等，也得到了强调。 本综述文章的主要目的是激励研究人员设计和合成新型刺激响应型生物杂交材料，以制造下一代智能材料。

[992] Using a Pc Camera to Determine the Concentration of Nitrite, Ammonia Nitrogen, Sulfide, Phosphate, and Copper in Water Analytical Methods, 2018, 10(18): 2096-2101. To quickly and simply determine the concentration of compounds in water, a simple method based on an ordinary computer camera was proposed, and a device was designed. The measuring device used an LED board as the light source, and the solution image was collected by the camera and transmitted to the computer through a USB port for data processing. The measurement method was based on the color reaction of colored compounds. A camera was used instead of a spectrophotometer for data acquisition, and the color depth of the solution was determined by measuring the color difference from the current material solution to the blank sample solution. Firstly, the solution image was obtained by the camera, and the average RGB value of the central region of the solution image was converted to its corresponding LAB value. Then, the color difference of the value relative to the blank solution was calculated. Finally, the color difference values of a series of standard solutions were obtained, and the corresponding standard curve was obtained by fitting, which was used to measure the unknown concentration of the substance in the solution. The method was successfully applied to the determination of nitrite, ammonia nitrogen, sulfide, and phosphate in water. The results showed that the PC camera permitted the method's simple design and easy operation, and provided a simple method to detect the concentration of substances in water through the application of computer image processing technology and color analysis technology.
使用电脑摄像头测定水中亚硝酸盐、氨氮、硫化物、磷酸盐和铜的浓度分析方法和 2018 年，第 10 卷第 18 期：2096-2101。为了快速简单地测定水中化合物的浓度，提出了一种基于普通电脑摄像头的方法，并设计了一种设备。测量设备使用 LED 板作为光源，通过摄像头收集溶液图像并通过 USB 端口传输到计算机进行数据处理。测量方法基于有色化合物的颜色反应。使用摄像头代替分光光度计进行数据采集，通过测量从当前材料溶液到空白样品溶液的颜色差异来确定溶液的颜色深度。首先，通过摄像头获取溶液图像，并将溶液图像中央区域的平均 RGB 值转换为相应的 LAB 值。然后，计算相对于空白溶液的色差值。 最终，获得了一系列标准溶液的颜色差异值，并通过拟合得到了相应的标准曲线，该曲线用于测量溶液中物质的未知浓度。该方法成功应用于水中亚硝酸盐、氨氮、硫化物和磷酸盐的测定。结果表明，PC 摄像头允许该方法设计简单、操作方便，并通过应用计算机图像处理技术和颜色分析技术提供了一种简单的方法来检测水中物质的浓度。

[993] The Chaotropic Effect as an Assembly Motif in Chemistry Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 2018, 57(43): 13968-13981. Following up on scattered reports on interactions of conventional chaotropic ions (for example, I-, SCN-, ClO4-) with macrocyclic host molecules, biomolecules, and hydrophobic neutral surfaces in aqueous solution, the chaotropic effect has recently emerged as a generic driving force for supramolecular assembly, orthogonal to the hydrophobic effect. The chaotropic effect becomes most effective for very large ions that extend beyond the classical Hofmeister scale and that can be referred to as superchaotropic ions (for example, borate clusters and polyoxometalates). In this Minireview, we present a continuous scale of water-solute interactions that includes the solvation of kosmotropic, chaotropic, and hydrophobic solutes, as well as the creation of void space (cavitation). Recent examples for the association of chaotropic anions to hydrophobic synthetic and biological binding sites, lipid bilayers, and surfaces are discussed.
[993] 化学中的去溶剂化效应作为组装基序，《德国应用化学-国际版》，2018，57(43)：13968-13981。继对传统去溶剂化离子（例如，I-，SCN-，ClO4-）与水溶液中的大环宿主分子、生物分子和疏水中性表面的相互作用散见报道之后，去溶剂化效应最近已成为超分子组装的通用驱动力，与疏水效应正交。对于超出经典霍夫迈斯特尺度且可称为超去溶剂化离子（例如，硼酸盐簇和多氧金属酸盐）的非常大的离子，去溶剂化效应最为有效。在本篇迷你综述中，我们提出一个连续的水-溶质相互作用尺度，包括 kosmotropic、chaotropic 和疏水溶质的溶剂化，以及空腔（空化）的生成。讨论了去溶剂化阴离子与疏水合成和生物结合位点、脂质双层和表面的关联的近期例子。

[994] Peptide Nanophotonics: From Optical Waveguiding to Precise Medicine and Multifunctional Biochips Small, 2018, 14(34): e1801147. Optical waveguiding phenomena found in bioinspired chemically synthesized peptide nanostructures are a new paradigm which can revolutionize emerging fields of precise medicine and health monitoring. A unique combination of their intrinsic biocompatibility with remarkable multifunctional optical properties and developed nanotechnology of large peptide wafers makes them highly promising for new biomedical light therapy tools and implantable optical biochips. This Review highlights a new field of peptide nanophotonics. It covers peptide nanotechnology and the fabrication process of peptide integrated optical circuits, basic studies of linear and nonlinear optical phenomena in biological and bioinspired nanostructures, and their passive and active optical waveguiding. It is shown that the optical properties of this generation of bio-optical materials are governed by fundamental biological processes. Refolding the peptide secondary structure is followed by wideband optical absorption and visible tunable fluorescence. In peptide optical waveguides, such a bio-optical effect leads to switching from passive waveguiding mode in native -helical phase to an active one in the -sheet phase. The found active waveguiding effect in -sheet fiber structures below optical diffraction limit opens an avenue for the future development of new bionanophotonics in ultrathin peptide/protein fibrillar structures toward advanced biomedical nanotechnology.
[994] 肽纳米光子学：从光波导到精确医学与多功能生物芯片 小型，2018，14(34): e1801147。在生物启发化学合成的肽纳米结构中发现的生物光导现象是一种新范式，它能够革新精确医学和健康监测的兴起领域。它们独特的内在生物相容性与显著的多功能光学性质以及开发的大肽晶圆纳米技术使它们在新的生物医学光疗工具和可植入光学生物芯片方面具有高度的前景。本综述强调了肽纳米光子学的新领域。它涵盖了肽纳米技术、肽集成光学电路的制造工艺、生物和生物启发纳米结构中线性和非线性光学现象的基本研究，以及它们的被动和主动光波导。研究表明，这一代生物光学材料的光学性质受基本生物过程控制。肽的二级结构重折叠后，随后是宽带光学吸收和可见光可调荧光。 在肽光波导中，这种生物光学效应导致从原生α-螺旋相的被动波导模式切换到β-折叠相的主动模式。在β-折叠纤维结构中发现的低于光学衍射极限的主动波导效应，为未来在超薄肽/蛋白纤维结构中开发新的生物纳米光子学，向高级生物医学纳米技术方向发展开辟了途径。

[995] Influence of Metal Ions on the Melting Temperature, Modulus, and Gelation Time of Gelatin Gels: Specific Ion Effects on Hydrogel Properties Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2018, 122(43): 10062-10067. The impact of ions on hydrogel strength is not well understood, in particular with regards to specific ion effects for cations. Herein, we find that divalent and monovalent cations in most cases reduce the modulus and melting temperature while increasing the gelation time of gelatin hydrogels. This behavior is in contrast to the well-known stiffening effect of trivalent metals. The melting temperature, the logarithm of the gelation time, and the logarithm of the amplitude of the complex modulus were found to follow a power law dependence on ionic strength: kI(x). The power law exponent, x, was found to be universal within the groups of monovalent and divalent cations. The prefactor k depended linearly on the ionic radius, which was used as a proxy for ion polarizability. The slope of this linear dependence was different for monovalent and divalent cations.
金属离子对明胶凝胶熔点、模量和凝胶化时间的影响：特定离子对水凝胶性质的影响 物理化学 B 杂志，2018，122(43)：10062-10067。离子对水凝胶强度的影响尚不清楚，特别是关于阳离子的特定离子效应。在此，我们发现，在大多数情况下，二价和单价阳离子会降低明胶水凝胶的模量和熔点，同时增加凝胶化时间。这种行为与三价金属的已知硬化效应相反。熔点、凝胶化时间的对数以及复模量幅度的对数被发现与离子强度遵循幂律依赖：kI(x)。幂律指数 x 在单价和二价阳离子组内是通用的。预因子 k 与离子半径线性相关，离子半径被用作离子极化率的代理。这种线性依赖性的斜率对于单价和二价阳离子是不同的。

[996] Understanding the Limits of Rapid Charging Using Instrumented Commercial 18650 High-Energy Li-Ion Cells Electrochimica Acta, 2018, 263: 346-352. The charging rates of commercial high-energy Li-ion cells are limited by the manufacturer's specifications leading to lengthy charging times. However, these cells are typically capable of much faster charging, if one ensures that the thermal and electrode-specific voltage profiles do not exceed safety limits. Unfortunately, precise and in-situ measurements of these parameters have not been achieved to date without altering the operation of these cells. Here we present a method to assess the maximum current for commercial 18650s, using novel instrumentation methods enabling in operando measurements. We found the maximum charging current that could be safely applied to the evaluated high-energy cells is 6.7 times higher than the manufacturer-stated maximum. Subsequently a rapid-charging protocol was developed that leads to over five-fold reduction in charging times without compromising the safety limits of the cells. We anticipate our work to be a starting point for a more sophisticated understanding of commercial Li-ion cells through deployment of diverse in-situ sensor systems. This understanding will enable advances in battery materials science, thermal engineering and electrical engineering of battery technology. Furthermore, this work has the potential to help the design of energy storage systems for high performance applications such as motor racing and grid balancing. (c) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
[996] 通过使用仪器化的商用 18650 高能量锂离子电池理解快速充电的极限 电化学学报，2018，263：346-352。商用高能量锂离子电池的充电速率受制造商规格限制，导致充电时间过长。然而，如果确保热和电极特定的电压曲线不超过安全极限，这些电池通常能够实现更快的充电。不幸的是，迄今为止，没有在不改变这些电池操作的情况下精确和原位测量这些参数。在这里，我们提出了一种方法来评估商用 18650 的最大电流，使用新颖的仪器方法实现原位测量。我们发现，可以安全应用于评估的高能量电池的最大充电电流是制造商声明的最大电流的 6.7 倍。随后，开发了一种快速充电协议，将充电时间缩短了五倍以上，同时不降低电池的安全极限。 我们预期这项工作将成为通过部署多样化的原位传感器系统，对商业锂离子电池进行更深入理解的一个起点。这种理解将有助于电池材料科学、热工程和电池技术的电气工程方面的进步。此外，这项工作还有助于设计用于高性能应用（如赛车和电网平衡）的能量存储系统。（c）2018 作者。由 Elsevier Ltd.出版。

[997] 生物结构刺激响应光子晶体的研究进展 高分子学报, 2017, (02): 229-244 %@ 1000-3304 %L 11-1857/O6 %U https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.1857.O6.20170307.1017.008.html %W CNKI. 自然物种演化形成了多种复杂而精细的光子结构,这类结构兼具功能的特点,将具有刺激响应特性的材料与天然生物光子结构相结合,能够制备得到响应性光子晶体材料,在生物医疗检测、传感器件、装饰和防伪等方面具有巨大的应用前景.本文在前期研究工作的基础上,综述了近年来,具有生物结构的响应性光子晶体的研究进展,总结了自然界的天然分级光子结构种类及显色机理,重点阐述了基于刺激响应聚合物的响应性光子晶体的构筑及应用、以及响应机理,最后对具有生物结构的响应性光子晶体材料的问题进行了总结,对未来的研究进行了展望.
[997] 生物结构刺激响应光子晶体的研究进展高分子学报, 2017, (02): 229-244 %@ 1000-3304 %L 11-1857/O6 %U https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.1857.O6.20170307.1017.008.html %W CNKI. 自然物种演化形成了多种复杂而精细的光子结构，这类结构兼具功能的特点，将具有刺激响应特性的材料与天然生物光子结构相结合，能够制备得到响应性光子晶体材料，在生物医疗检测、传感器件、装饰和防伪等方面具有巨大的应用前景。本文在前期研究工作的基础上，综述了近年来，具有生物结构的响应性光子晶体的研究进展，总结了自然界的天然分级光子结构种类及显色机理，重点阐述了基于刺激响应聚合物的响应性光子晶体的构建及应用、以及响应机理，最后对具有生物结构的响应性光子晶体材料的问题进行了总结，对未来的研究进行了展望。

[998] Fabrication of Sensor Materials Inspired by Butterfly Wings Advanced Materials Technologies, 2017, 2(7): 1600209. The butterfly wing has one of the most complex microstructures in nature. Butterfly wings are known for their reaction towards incident light, which can be attributed to the periodic structure of the scales. A growing number of studies have been performed on butterfly wings, especially the Morpho butterfly family. In this review, the current achievements of biomimetic sensor materials for infrared radiation, thermal radiation, electricity, and magnetism are presented. This review offers new approaches for the design and fabrication of sensor materials.
[998] 受蝴蝶翅膀启发的传感器材料制备先进材料技术，2017，2(7)：1600209。蝴蝶翅膀拥有自然界中最复杂的微观结构之一。蝴蝶翅膀以其对入射光的反应而闻名，这可以归因于鳞片的周期性结构。越来越多的研究集中在蝴蝶翅膀上，尤其是蓝蝶科。在本综述中，展示了生物仿生传感器材料在红外辐射、热辐射、电和磁方面的当前成就。本综述为传感器材料的设计和制备提供了新的方法。

[999] Self-Healable Organogel Nanocomposite with Angle-Independent Structural Colors Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 2017, 56(35): 10462-10466. Structural colors have profound implications in the fields of pigments, displays and sensors, but none of the current non-iridescent photonic materials can restore their functions after mechanical damage. Herein, we report the first self healable organogel nanocomposites with angle-independent structural colors. The organogel nanocomposites were prepared through the co-assembly of oleophilic silica nanoparticle, silicone-based supramolecular gets; and carbon block. The organogel,system enables amorphous aggregation of Adiea nanoparticles and the angle-independent structural colors in the nanocomposites. Moreover, the hydrogen bonding, in the supramolecular gel provides self-healing ability to the system, and the structural colored films obtained could heal themselves in tens of seconds to restore storage modulus, structural color, and surfizce slipperiness from mechanical cuts or shear failure repeatedly.
自修复角无关结构色有机凝胶纳米复合材料 Angewandte Chemie-International Edition，2017，56（35）：10462-10466。结构色在颜料、显示和传感器领域具有深远的影响，但目前的非彩虹光子材料在机械损伤后都无法恢复其功能。在此，我们报道了第一种具有角无关结构色的自修复有机凝胶纳米复合材料。有机凝胶纳米复合材料是通过亲油性二氧化硅纳米粒子、基于硅的聚分子凝胶和碳块共组装制备的。有机凝胶系统使 Adiea 纳米粒子发生非晶聚集，并在纳米复合材料中产生角无关结构色。此外，超分子凝胶中的氢键为系统提供了自修复能力，所得的结构色薄膜能够在几秒钟内自行修复，从机械切割或剪切失效中恢复存储模量、结构色和表面滑度。

[1000] Bio‐Inspired Photonic Materials: Prototypes and Structural Effect Designs for Applications in Solar Energy Manipulation Advanced Functional Materials, 2017, 28(24): 1705309.
生物启发光子材料：太阳能操控应用的原型和结构效应设计 高性能材料，2017，28(24)：1705309

[1001] Bioinspired Heterogeneous Structural Color Stripes from Capillaries Advanced Materials, 2017, 29(46). As an important characteristic of many creatures, structural colors play a crucial role in the survival of organisms. Inspired by these features, an intelligent structural color material with a heterogeneous striped pattern and stimuli-responsivity by fast self-assembly of colloidal nanoparticles in capillaries with a certain diameter range are presented here. The width, spacing, color, and even combination of the structural color stripe patterns can be precisely tailored by adjusting the self-assembly parameters. Attractively, with the integration of a near-infrared (NIR) light responsive graphene hydrogel into the structural color stripe pattern, the materials are endowed with lightcontrolled reversible bending behavior with self-reporting color indication. It is demonstrated that the striped structural color materials can be used as NIR-light-triggered dynamic barcode labels for the anti-counterfeiting of different products. These features of the bioinspired structural color stripe pattern materials indicate their potential values for mimicking structural color organisms, which will find important applications in constructing intelligent sensors, anti-counterfeiting devices, and so
[1001] 生物启发毛细血管异质结构色条纹，先进材料，2017，29(46)。作为许多生物的重要特征，结构色在生物体的生存中起着至关重要的作用。受这些特性的启发，本文提出了一种具有异质条纹图案和刺激响应性的智能结构色材料，该材料通过在特定直径范围内的毛细管中快速自组装胶体纳米颗粒而实现。通过调整自组装参数，可以精确地定制结构色条纹图案的宽度、间距、颜色，甚至组合。引人注目的是，通过将近红外（NIR）光响应的石墨烯水凝胶集成到结构色条纹图案中，这些材料被赋予了光控可逆弯曲行为和自报告颜色指示。研究表明，条纹结构色材料可以用作 NIR 光触发的动态条形码标签，用于不同产品的防伪。 这些生物启发结构色条纹图案材料的特征表明，它们在模仿结构色生物方面具有潜在价值，这些价值将在构建智能传感器、防伪设备和如此

[1002] Programmable and Bidirectional Bending of Soft Actuators Based on Janus Structure with Sticky Tough Paa-Clay Hydrogel ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2017, 9(13): 11866-11873. Facile preparation, rapid actuating, and versatile actions are great challenges in exploring new kinds of hydrogel actuators. In this paper, we presented a facile sticking method to prepare Janus bilayer and multilayer hydrogel actuators that benefited from a special tough and adhesive PAA-clay hydrogel. Combining physical and chemical cross -linking reagents, we endowed the PAA gel with both toughness and adhesion. This PAA gel was reinforced by further cross -linking with Fe3+. These two hydrogels with different cross -linking densities exhibited different swelling capabilities and moduli in the media manipulated by pH and ionic strength, thus acting as promising candidates for soft actuators. On the basis of these gels, we designed hydrogel actuators of rapid response in several -minutes and precisely controlled actuating direction by sticking two hydrogel layers together. Elaborate soft actuators such as bidirectional bending flytrap, gel hand with grasp, open, and gesturing actions as well as word-writing actuator were prepared. This method could be generalized by using other stimuli responsive hydrogels combined with the adhesive PAA gel, which would open a new way to programmable and versatile soft actuators.
[1002] 基于 Janus 结构的粘弹性 Paa-Clay 水凝胶软执行器的可编程双向弯曲，ACS 应用材料与界面，2017，9(13)：11866-11873。简便制备、快速驱动和多功能动作是探索新型水凝胶执行器面临的重大挑战。在本文中，我们提出了一种简便的粘合方法来制备 Janus 双层和多层水凝胶执行器，这些执行器得益于一种特殊的坚韧和粘性的 PAA-Clay 水凝胶。通过结合物理和化学交联试剂，我们赋予了 PAA 凝胶韧性和粘附性。通过进一步与 Fe3+交联，这种 PAA 凝胶得到了增强。这两种具有不同交联密度的水凝胶在 pH 和离子强度调控的介质中表现出不同的溶胀能力和模量，因此可作为软执行器的有希望候选者。基于这些凝胶，我们设计了在几分钟内快速响应的水凝胶执行器，并通过粘合两层水凝胶来精确控制驱动方向。 详细软执行器，如双向弯曲捕蝇草、握持、张开和手势动作的凝胶手以及写字执行器已制备。此方法可以通过使用其他对刺激响应的亲水凝胶与粘性 PAA 凝胶相结合进行推广，这将开辟一种可编程和多功能软执行器的新途径。

[1003] Programmable and Bidirectional Bending of Soft Actuators Based on Janus Structure with Sticky Tough Paa-Clay Hydrogel ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2017, 9(13): 11866-11873. Facile preparation, rapid actuating, and versatile actions are great challenges in exploring new kinds of hydrogel actuators. In this paper, we presented a facile sticking method to prepare Janus bilayer and multilayer hydrogel actuators that benefited from a special tough and adhesive PAA-clay hydrogel. Combining physical and chemical cross -linking reagents, we endowed the PAA gel with both toughness and adhesion. This PAA gel was reinforced by further cross -linking with Fe3+. These two hydrogels with different cross -linking densities exhibited different swelling capabilities and moduli in the media manipulated by pH and ionic strength, thus acting as promising candidates for soft actuators. On the basis of these gels, we designed hydrogel actuators of rapid response in several -minutes and precisely controlled actuating direction by sticking two hydrogel layers together. Elaborate soft actuators such as bidirectional bending flytrap, gel hand with grasp, open, and gesturing actions as well as word-writing actuator were prepared. This method could be generalized by using other stimuli responsive hydrogels combined with the adhesive PAA gel, which would open a new way to programmable and versatile soft actuators.
[1003] 基于 Janus 结构的粘弹性 Paa-Clay 水凝胶软执行器的可编程双向弯曲，ACS 应用材料与界面，2017，9(13)：11866-11873。简便制备、快速驱动和多功能动作是探索新型水凝胶执行器面临的重大挑战。在本文中，我们提出了一种简便的粘合方法来制备 Janus 双层和多层水凝胶执行器，这些执行器得益于一种特殊的坚韧和粘性的 PAA-Clay 水凝胶。通过结合物理和化学交联试剂，我们赋予了 PAA 凝胶韧性和粘附性。通过进一步与 Fe3+交联，这种 PAA 凝胶得到了增强。这两种具有不同交联密度的水凝胶在 pH 和离子强度调控的介质中表现出不同的溶胀能力和模量，因此可作为软执行器的有希望候选者。基于这些凝胶，我们设计了在几分钟内快速响应的水凝胶执行器，并通过粘合两层水凝胶来精确控制驱动方向。 详细软执行器，如双向弯曲捕蝇草、握持、张开和手势动作的凝胶手以及写字执行器已制备。此方法可以通过使用其他刺激响应水凝胶与粘合 PAA 凝胶相结合进行推广，这将开辟一种可编程和多功能软执行器的新途径。

[1004] Programmable and Bidirectional Bending of Soft Actuators Based on Janus Structure with Sticky Tough Paa-Clay Hydrogel ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2017, 9(13): 11866-11873. Facile preparation, rapid actuating, and versatile actions are great challenges in exploring new kinds of hydrogel actuators. In this paper, we presented a facile sticking method to prepare Janus bilayer and multilayer hydrogel actuators that benefited from a special tough and adhesive PAA-clay hydrogel. Combining physical and chemical cross -linking reagents, we endowed the PAA gel with both toughness and adhesion. This PAA gel was reinforced by further cross -linking with Fe3+. These two hydrogels with different cross -linking densities exhibited different swelling capabilities and moduli in the media manipulated by pH and ionic strength, thus acting as promising candidates for soft actuators. On the basis of these gels, we designed hydrogel actuators of rapid response in several -minutes and precisely controlled actuating direction by sticking two hydrogel layers together. Elaborate soft actuators such as bidirectional bending flytrap, gel hand with grasp, open, and gesturing actions as well as word-writing actuator were prepared. This method could be generalized by using other stimuli responsive hydrogels combined with the adhesive PAA gel, which would open a new way to programmable and versatile soft actuators.
[1004] 基于 Janus 结构的粘弹性 Paa-Clay 水凝胶软执行器的可编程双向弯曲，ACS 应用材料与界面，2017，9(13)：11866-11873。简便制备、快速驱动和多功能动作是探索新型水凝胶执行器面临的重大挑战。在本文中，我们提出了一种简便的粘合方法来制备 Janus 双层和多层水凝胶执行器，这些执行器得益于一种特殊的坚韧和粘性的 PAA-Clay 水凝胶。通过结合物理和化学交联试剂，我们赋予了 PAA 凝胶韧性和粘附性。通过进一步与 Fe3+交联，这种 PAA 凝胶得到了增强。这两种具有不同交联密度的水凝胶在 pH 和离子强度调控的介质中表现出不同的溶胀能力和模量，因此可作为软执行器的有希望候选者。基于这些凝胶，我们设计了在几分钟内快速响应的水凝胶执行器，并通过粘合两层水凝胶来精确控制驱动方向。 详细软执行器，如双向弯曲捕蝇草、握持、张开和手势动作的凝胶手以及写字执行器已制备。此方法可以通过使用其他刺激响应水凝胶与粘合 PAA 凝胶相结合进行推广，这将开辟一种可编程和多功能软执行器的新途径。

[1005] Advances in Engineering Hydrogels Science, 2017, 356(6337). Hydrogels are formed from hydrophilic polymer chains surrounded by a water-rich environment. They have widespread applications in various fields such as biomedicine, soft electronics, sensors, and actuators. Conventional hydrogels usually possess limited mechanical strength and are prone to permanent breakage. Further, the lack of dynamic cues and structural complexity within the hydrogels has limited their functions. Recent developments include engineering hydrogels that possess improved physicochemical properties, ranging from designs of innovative chemistries and compositions to integration of dynamic modulation and sophisticated architectures. We review major advances in designing and engineering hydrogels and strategies targeting precise manipulation of their properties across multiple scales.
[1005] 工程水凝胶科学进展，2017，356(6337)。水凝胶由亲水聚合物链组成，周围环绕着富含水的环境。它们在生物医学、软电子学、传感器和执行器等各个领域具有广泛的应用。传统的水凝胶通常具有有限的机械强度，容易发生永久性断裂。此外，水凝胶内部缺乏动态线索和结构复杂性也限制了其功能。最近的发展包括具有改进的物理化学性质的水凝胶工程，从创新化学和组成的设计到动态调节和复杂结构的集成。我们回顾了设计和工程水凝胶的主要进展以及针对跨多个尺度精确操控其性质的战略。

[1006] 2-D Medium–High Frequency Fiber Bragg Gratings Accelerometer IEEE Sensors Journal, 2017, 17(3): 614-618.
[1006] 二维中高频光纤布拉格光栅加速度计 IEEE 传感器杂志，2017，17(3)：614-618。

[1007] Graphene Oxide Based Moisture-Responsive Biomimetic Film Actuators with Nacre-Like Layered Structures Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2017, 5(28): 14604-14610. Hygroresponsive biomimetic actuators that convert chemical potential energy contained within the humidity gradient into mechanical deformation are of particular significance for realizing a sustainable society. Here, we report the preparation of nanocomposite films containing chitosan (CS) and graphene oxide (GO) with nacre-like brick-and-mortar microstructures by combination of water evaporation induced self-assembly and subsequent physical crosslinking in alkaline solution. The resulting hybrid films exhibit strong mechanical properties in both hydrated and anhydrous states, and the changes in physical properties between the two states likely result in perpetual mechanical reconfiguration. What's more, these films are capable of autonomous and continuous locomotion due to water exchange with the environment. The film actuator can lift objects 50 times heavier and transport cargos 10 times heavier than itself. Furthermore, we have assembled a motor that can move forward in response to humidity gradients, which provides proof of the utilization of this hybrid material in bio-inspired applications.
基于氧化石墨烯的仿珍珠层状结构湿度响应仿生薄膜驱动器 材料化学 A，2017，5(28)：14604-14610。将湿度梯度中包含的化学势能转化为机械形变的湿度响应仿生驱动器对于实现可持续社会具有重要意义。在此，我们通过水蒸发诱导的自组装和随后在碱性溶液中的物理交联，报道了含有壳聚糖（CS）和氧化石墨烯（GO）的纳米复合薄膜的制备。所得的混合薄膜在含水和无水状态下均表现出优异的机械性能，两种状态下物理性能的变化可能导致永久的机械重构。更重要的是，这些薄膜由于与环境的换水作用，能够实现自主和连续的运动。该薄膜驱动器能够举起自身重量 50 倍的物体，并运输自身重量 10 倍的货物。 此外，我们组装了一种能够根据湿度梯度向前移动的电机，这为这种混合材料在仿生应用中的利用提供了证据。

[1008] A Review of Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensor Applications for Different Physical Quantities Applied Spectroscopy Reviews, 2017, 53(6): 486-502.
[1008] 光子晶体光纤传感器在不同物理量应用中的综述，光谱学评论，2017，53(6)：486-502。

[1009] Effect of Konjac Glucomannan on Sodium Alginate Membrane Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences, 2017, 22(3): 197-200.
[1009] 魔芋甘露聚糖对海藻酸钠膜的影响，武汉大学自然科学学报，2017，22(3)：197-200。

[1010] Hydraulic Hydrogel Actuators and Robots Optically and Sonically Camouflaged in Water Nature Communications, 2017, 8: 14230. Sea animals such as leptocephali develop tissues and organs composed of active transparent hydrogels to achieve agile motions and natural camouflage in water. Hydrogel-based actuators that can imitate the capabilities of leptocephali will enable new applications in diverse fields. However, existing hydrogel actuators, mostly osmotic-driven, are intrinsically low-speed and/or low-force; and their camouflage capabilities have not been explored. Here we show that hydraulic actuations of hydrogels with designed structures and properties can give soft actuators and robots that are high-speed, high-force, and optically and sonically camouflaged in water. The hydrogel actuators and robots can maintain their robustness and functionality over multiple cycles of actuations, owing to the anti-fatigue property of the hydrogel under moderate stresses. We further demonstrate that the agile and transparent hydrogel actuators and robots perform extraordinary functions including swimming, kicking rubber-balls and even catching a live fish in water.
[1010] 水凝胶液压驱动器和在水中的光学和声学隐身机器人 自然通讯，2017，8：14230。海生动物如鳃口鱼通过发育由活性透明水凝胶组成的组织和器官，以实现敏捷的运动和在水中自然隐身。能够模仿鳃口鱼能力的水凝胶驱动器将在多个领域实现新的应用。然而，现有的水凝胶驱动器，大多是渗透压驱动的，本质上速度低和/或力量低；其隐身能力尚未被探索。在这里，我们展示了一种具有设计结构和特性的水凝胶液压驱动，它可以为软驱动器和机器人提供高速、高力量，并在水中实现光学和声学隐身。由于水凝胶在中等应力下的抗疲劳特性，水凝胶驱动器和机器人可以在多次驱动循环中保持其刚性和功能性。我们进一步证明，敏捷且透明的水凝胶驱动器和机器人在水中表现出非凡的功能，包括游泳、踢橡胶球，甚至捕捉活鱼。

[1011] The Effects of Graphene Oxide on the Properties and Drug Delivery of Konjac Glucomannan Hydrogel Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2017, 134(38): 45327. Konjac glucomannan (KGM) hydrogel has good potential application in food and medical science, although to achieve this, the physical and mechanical properties need further improvement. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was used to improve the functionality of KGM hydrogel. KGM/GO hydrogels were prepared by freezing the alkaline KGM/GO sols. Rotational rheometer was used to study the rheological properties of different alkaline KGM/GO sols. Fourier transform infrared, Raman, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analyses, and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate the structure and properties of the hydrogels. In addition, different pH solutions and an in vitro assay were used to study the swelling property and the release behavior of KGM/GO hydrogels, respectively. The result revealed strong hydrogen-bond interaction between KGM and GO. The incorporation of GO highly improved the gel properties of KGM/GO sol, higher thermal stability, and more compact structure of KGM/GO hydrogels. KGM/GO hydrogels showed better swelling properties in deionized-distilled water and pH 7.2 PBS. The release of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) from KGM/GO (KG4) hydrogel was different in various pH media, but the initial burst release effect was very severe. Therefore, incorporation of GO have a good potential in enhancing the properties of KGM hydrogel, but KGM/GO hydrogel is not an ideal carrier for 5-ASA release. (C) 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
氧化石墨烯对魔芋甘露聚糖水凝胶性能和药物递送的影响，《应用聚合物科学》杂志，2017 年，134(38)：45327。魔芋甘露聚糖（KGM）水凝胶在食品和医学科学领域具有良好的潜在应用价值，尽管要实现这一点，其物理和力学性能需要进一步改进。在本研究中，氧化石墨烯（GO）被用于提高 KGM 水凝胶的功能性。通过冷冻碱性 KGM/GO 溶液制备了 KGM/GO 水凝胶。旋转流变仪用于研究不同碱性 KGM/GO 溶液的流变学性质。傅里叶变换红外光谱、拉曼光谱、差示扫描量热法、热重分析和扫描电子显微镜用于评估水凝胶的结构和性能。此外，使用不同 pH 溶液和体外实验分别研究了 KGM/GO 水凝胶的溶胀性能和释放行为。结果表明，KGM 与 GO 之间存在强烈的氢键相互作用。GO 的加入显著提高了 KGM/GO 溶液的凝胶性能，提高了 KGM/GO 水凝胶的热稳定性，并使其结构更加致密。 KGM/GO 水凝胶在去离子蒸馏水和 pH 7.2 的 PBS 中表现出更好的溶胀性能。从 KGM/GO（KG4）水凝胶中释放 5-氨基水杨酸（5-ASA）在不同 pH 介质中有所不同，但初始释放效应非常严重。因此，GO 的加入具有良好的潜力来增强 KGM 水凝胶的性能，但 KGM/GO 水凝胶不是 5-ASA 释放的理想载体。（C）2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

[1012] Colorimetric Chemosensor for Chloramphenicol Based on Colloidal Magnetically Assembled Molecularly Imprinted Photonic Crystals Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society (Taipei, Taiwan), 2017, 64(10): 1235-1241. A novel colorimetric chemosensor with good sensitivity, specificity, and self-reporting capability for chloramphenicol (CAP) has been successfully constructed based on colloidal, magnetically assembled photonic crystals coupled with molecular imprinting. The colloidal, magnetically assembled, molecularly imprinted photonic crystals (CMA-MIPCs) were prepared by assembling CAP in magnetic, molecularly imprinted nanohydrogels (MMIHs) in a magnetic field. The magnetic assembly of photonic crystals and the sensing processes could be completed simultaneously when MMIHs were dispersed in CAP solutions and in a magnetic field, and the response time was less than 1 min. The CAP concentration could be visually determined from the color change of the CMA-MIPCs sensor. The diffraction color blue-shifted from luminous yellow of the blank to purple in a 1.0 mg/mL CAP solution, with a determination limit of 1.0 x 10(-3) mg/mL. It could provide a new strategy for qualitative or semiquantitative detection of CAP.
基于胶体磁性组装分子印迹光子晶体的氯霉素比色化学传感器 中国化学会（台北，台湾）化学学报，2017，64(10): 1235-1241。一种具有良好灵敏度、特异性和自报告能力的氯霉素（CAP）新型比色化学传感器已成功构建，该传感器基于胶体磁性组装的光子晶体与分子印迹相结合。胶体磁性组装分子印迹光子晶体（CMA-MIPCs）是通过在磁场中将 CAP 组装到磁性分子印迹纳米水凝胶（MMIHs）中制备的。当 MMIHs 在 CAP 溶液和磁场中分散时，光子晶体的磁性组装和传感过程可以同时完成，响应时间小于 1 分钟。通过 CMA-MIPCs 传感器的颜色变化可以直观地确定 CAP 浓度。在 1.0 mg/mL CAP 溶液中，衍射颜色从空白样品的发光黄色蓝移至紫色，检测限为 1.0 x 10(-3) mg/mL。 这可能为 CAP 的定性或半定量检测提供一种新的策略。

[1013] Metal Ion Mediated Cellulose Nanofibrils Transient Network in Covalently Cross-Linked Hydrogels: Mechanistic Insight into Morphology and Dynamics Biomacromolecules, 2017, 18(3): 1019-1028. Utilization of reversible interactions as sacrificial bonds in biopolymers is critical for the integral synthesis of mechanically superior biological materials. In this work, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) reinforced covalent polyacrylamide (PAAm) composite hydrogels are immersed into multivalent cation (Ca2+, Zn2+, Al2+, and Ce3+) aqueous solution to form ionic association among CNFs, leading to the ionic covalent cross-linke dhydrogels. The cations promote the formation of porous networks of nanofibrils by screening the repulsive negative charges on CNF surface and dominate the mechanical properties and self-recovery efficiency of the hydrogels, resulting in mechanically reinforced ionic hydrogels with stiff (Young's modulus 257 kPa) and tough properties (fracture toughness 386 kJ/m(3)). The in situ Raman spectroscopy during stretching corroborates the stress transfer medium of CNF, and the microscopic morphologies of stable crack propagation validates that the multiple toughening mechanisms occur in a balanced energy dissipation manner, enabling synergistic combination of stiffness and toughness. Moreover, the depth-sensing instrumentation by indentation test also demonstrates that the CNF ionic coordination contributes simultaneous improvement in hardness and elasticity by as much as 600% compared to those pristine gels. This work demonstrates a facile way to transfer nanoscale building blocks to bulk elastomers with tunable dynamic properties and may provide a new prospect for the rational design of CNF reinforced hydrogels for applications where high-bearing capability is needed.
[1013] 金属离子介导的共价交联水凝胶中纤维素纳米纤维瞬态网络：形态和动力学生物大分子的机制洞察，2017，18(3)：1019-1028。在生物大分子中，利用可逆相互作用作为牺牲键对于机械性能优异的生物材料的整体合成至关重要。在本研究中，纤维素纳米纤维（CNFs）增强的共价聚丙烯酰胺（PAAm）复合水凝胶被浸入多价阳离子（Ca2+、Zn2+、Al2+和 Ce3+）水溶液中，形成 CNFs 之间的离子关联，导致离子共价交联水凝胶的形成。阳离子通过屏蔽 CNF 表面的排斥性负电荷来促进纳米纤维多孔网络的形成，并主导水凝胶的机械性能和自修复效率，从而产生具有刚硬（杨氏模量 257 kPa）和韧性（断裂韧性 386 kJ/m³）的机械增强离子水凝胶。 原位拉伸拉曼光谱证实了 CNF 的应力传递介质，稳定裂纹传播的微观形态验证了多种增韧机制以平衡的能量耗散方式发生，从而实现了刚度和韧性的协同组合。此外，通过压痕测试的深度感应仪器还表明，与原始凝胶相比，CNF 离子配位可同时提高硬度和弹性高达 600%。这项工作展示了一种将纳米级构建块转移到可调动态特性的本体弹性体中的简便方法，可能为需要高承载能力的 CNF 增强水凝胶的理性设计提供新的前景。

[1014] High Strength and Self-Healable Gelatin/Polyacrylamide Double Network Hydrogels Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2017, 5(37): 7683-7691. Double network (DN) hydrogels composed of two different polymer networks with strong asymmetry are excellent structural platforms to integrate different mechanical properties into a single material. However, simultaneously achieving high strength and self-healing properties in DN hydrogels still remains a challenge. In this work, we design and synthesize Gelatin/Polyacrylamide (Gelatin/PAAm) DN gels by combining thermo-reversible and physically crosslinked gelatin as the first network and covalently crosslinked PAAm as the second network. The optimized Gelatin/PAAm DN gels demonstrated high mechanical properties (E of 84 kPa, sigma(f) of 0.268 MPa, epsilon(f) of 40.69 mm mm(-1) and W of 6.01 MJ m(-3)), large hysteresis (up to 1012 kJ m(-3) at lambda = 30), and rapid self-recovery properties (similar to 87% toughness recovery at room temperature). These superior properties were largely attributed to effective energy dissipation via the rupture of the first gelatin network. Most interestingly, Gelatin/PAAm DN gels without any chemical crosslinkers in the second network enabled the achievement of both high mechanical strength and fast self-healing properties. By modulating the heating temperatures and healing times, the healed Gelatin/PAAm gels could achieve 53% healing efficiency at a physiological temperature range, which greatly expands their uses for biomedical applications. The combination of high strength, self-recovery, and self-healing properties makes Gelatin/PAAm gels promising candidates for further development and use as thermoresponsive biomaterials under physiological conditions.
[1014] 高强度自修复明胶/聚丙烯酰胺双网络水凝胶 材料化学 B 杂志，2017，5(37)：7683-7691。由两种不同聚合物网络组成且具有强非对称性的双网络（DN）水凝胶是集成不同力学性能到单一材料的优秀结构平台。然而，在 DN 水凝胶中同时实现高强度和自修复性能仍然是一个挑战。在本工作中，我们通过结合热可逆和物理交联的明胶作为第一个网络和共价交联的聚丙烯酰胺（PAAm）作为第二个网络，设计和合成了明胶/聚丙烯酰胺（Gelatin/PAAm）DN 水凝胶。优化的 Gelatin/PAAm DN 水凝胶表现出高力学性能（E 为 84 kPa，σ(f)为 0.268 MPa，ε(f)为 40.69 mm mm(-1)和 W 为 6.01 MJ m(-3)），大滞后性（在λ=30 时高达 1012 kJ m(-3)），以及快速自恢复性能（室温下类似 87%的韧性恢复）。这些优异性能主要归因于通过第一个明胶网络的断裂实现的有效能量耗散。 最有趣的是，第二网络中不含任何化学交联剂的明胶/PAAm 凝胶实现了高机械强度和快速自修复性能的兼顾。通过调节加热温度和修复时间，修复后的明胶/PAAm 凝胶在生理温度范围内可以达到 53%的修复效率，这极大地扩展了其在生物医学应用中的用途。高强度、自恢复和自修复性能的结合使明胶/PAAm 凝胶成为生理条件下进一步开发和用作温敏生物材料的理想候选者。

[1015] Shaped Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel Particles: Syntheses, Properties and Biological Responses Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2017, 5(1): 9-35. The ability to create nano-and micro-sized hydrogel matrices of well-defined shapes can provide a powerful means not only to mimic the key properties of biological systems, but also to regulate shape-dependent particle biodistribution and cellular association, and to correspondingly optimize drug delivery carriers. This review focuses on stimuli-responsive hydrogel particles of non-spherical shapes ranging from filled porous networks to hollow capsules. We summarize a pool of current experimental approaches and discuss perspectives in the development of the synergistic combination of shape and stimuli-response in particulate hydrogels. Recent advances in the design and synthesis of the pH-, redox-, temperature-sensitive, mechanical force-, magnetic-and enzyme-responsive hydrogel particles of non-spherical shapes are presented. Examples of existing and emerging technologies for creating a variety of shapes with controlled hydrogel composition and size are highlighted. We also discuss the effects of shape on the physiochemical properties of these particles as well as their shape-regulated biological interactions including particle circulation time and biodistribution.
[1015] 形状响应水凝胶颗粒：合成、性质和生物响应 材料化学 B 杂志，2017，5(1): 9-35。能够创建具有明确形状的纳米和微米级水凝胶矩阵，不仅能够模拟生物系统的关键性质，还能调节形状依赖的颗粒生物分布和细胞关联，从而优化药物递送载体。本综述重点介绍了从填充多孔网络到空心胶囊的非球形形状的刺激响应水凝胶颗粒。我们总结了当前实验方法的一批研究，并讨论了在颗粒水凝胶中形状与刺激响应协同结合的发展前景。展示了 pH-、氧化还原-、温度敏感-、机械力-、磁性-和酶响应的非球形形状水凝胶颗粒的设计和合成最新进展。突出了利用可控水凝胶组成和尺寸创建各种形状的现有和新兴技术的例子。 我们还讨论了形状对这些颗粒的物理化学性质以及它们的形状调控生物相互作用（包括颗粒循环时间和生物分布）的影响。

[1016] Hybrid Hydrogel Photonic Barcodes for Multiplex Detection of Tumor Markers Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 2017, 87: 264-270. Barcodes-based suspension array have for demonstrated values in multiplex assay of tumor markers. Photonic barcodes which are encoded by their characteristic reflection peaks are the important supports for suspension array due to their stable code, low fluorescent background and high surface-volume ratio. Attempts to develop this technology tend to improve the function of the photonic barcodes. Here, we present a new type of hybrid hydrogel photonic barcodes for efficient multiplex assays. This photonic barcodes are hybrid inverse opal hydrogel composed of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA) and agarose., The polymerized PEG-DA hydrogel could guarantee the stabilities of the inverse opal structure and its resultant code, while the agarose could offer active chemical groups for the probe immobilization and homogeneous water surrounding for the bioassay. In addition, the interconnected pores inverse opal structure could provide channels for biomolecules diffusing and reaction into the voids of barcodes. These features imparted the hybrid hydrogel photonic barcodes with limits of detection (LOD) of 0.78 ng/mL for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and 021 ng/mL for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), respectively. It was also demonstrated that the proposed barcodes showed. acceptable accuracy and detection reproducibility, and the results were in acceptable agreement with those from common clinic method for the detections of practical clinical samples. Thus, our technique provides a new platform for simultaneous multiplex immunoassay. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
[1016] 混合水凝胶光子条形码用于肿瘤标志物多重检测 生物传感器与生物电子学，2017，87：264-270。基于条形码的悬浮阵列在肿瘤标志物多重检测中已显示出其价值。通过其特征反射峰进行编码的光子条形码，由于其稳定的编码、低荧光背景和高表面积体积比，是悬浮阵列的重要支撑。开发这项技术的尝试倾向于提高光子条形码的功能。在此，我们提出一种新型混合水凝胶光子条形码，用于高效的多重检测。这种光子条形码是由聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯（PEG-DA）和琼脂糖组成的混合反相胶体水凝胶。聚合的 PEG-DA 水凝胶可以保证反相胶体结构及其编码的稳定性，而琼脂糖可以提供探针固定的活性化学基团和均匀的水环境进行生物检测。此外，相互连接的多孔反相胶体结构可以为生物分子扩散和反应进入条形码的空隙提供通道。 这些特性赋予了混合水凝胶光子条形码以 0.78 ng/mL 的检测限（LOD）用于癌胚抗原（CEA）和 21 ng/mL 的检测限用于甲胎蛋白（AFP）。还证明了所提出的条形码具有可接受的准确性和检测重复性，并且结果与常用临床方法检测实际临床样本的结果一致。因此，我们的技术为同时进行多重免疫分析提供了一个新的平台。（C）2016 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[1017] Three-Dimensional Inverse Opal Photonic Crystal Substrates toward Efficient Capture of Circulating Tumor Cells ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2017, 9(36): 30510-30518. Artificial fractal structures have attracted considerable scientific interest in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) detection and capture, which plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Herein, we designed a bionic TiO2 inverse opal photonic crystal (IOPC) structure for highly efficient immunocapture of CTCs by combination of a magnetic Fe3O4@C-6@silane nanoparticles with anti-EpCAM (antiepithelial cell adhesion molecule) and microchannel structure. Porous structure and dimension of IOPC TiO2 can be precisely controlled for mimicking cellular components, and anti-EpCAM antibody was further modified on IOPC interface by conjugating with polydopamine (PDA). The improvement of CTCs capture efficiency reaches a surprising factor of 20 for the IOPC interface compared to that on flat glass, suggesting that the IOPCs are responsible for the dramatic enhancement of the capture efficiency of MCF-7 cells. IOPC substrate with pore size of 415 nm leads to the optimal CTCs capture efficiency of 92% with 1 mL/h. Besides the cell affinity, IOPCs also have the advantage of light scattering property which can enhance the excitation and emission light of fluorescence labels, facilitating the real-time monitoring of CTCs capture. The IOPC-based platform demonstrates excellent performance in CTCs capture, which will take an important step toward specific recognition of disease-related rare cells.
[1017] 三维逆光子晶体基底在循环肿瘤细胞高效捕获中的应用 ACS 应用材料与界面，2017，9(36)：30510-30518。人工分形结构在循环肿瘤细胞（CTCs）检测和捕获方面引起了科学界的广泛关注，这在癌症的诊断和预后中起着关键作用。在此，我们设计了一种仿生 TiO2 逆光子晶体（IOPC）结构，通过结合磁性 Fe3O4@C-6@硅烷纳米颗粒、抗 EpCAM（抗上皮细胞粘附分子）和微通道结构，实现了对 CTCs 的高效免疫捕获。IOPC TiO2 的孔隙结构和尺寸可以精确控制，以模拟细胞成分，并且通过共价结合多巴胺（PDA）进一步在 IOPC 界面修饰抗 EpCAM 抗体。与平板玻璃相比，IOPC 界面的 CTCs 捕获效率提高了惊人的 20 倍，表明 IOPC 对 MCF-7 细胞捕获效率的显著提高负有责任。 IOPC 基体孔径为 415 nm，可实现 92%的 CTCs 捕获效率，流速为 1 mL/h。除了细胞亲和力，IOPCs 还具有光散射特性，可增强荧光标记的激发和发射光，便于实时监测 CTCs 捕获。基于 IOPC 的平台在 CTCs 捕获方面表现出优异的性能，这将朝着疾病相关罕见细胞的特异性识别迈出重要一步。

[1018] A Review of Gradient Stiffness Hydrogels Used in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2017, 105(6): 1799-1812. Substrate stiffness is known to impact characteristics including cell differentiation, proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Hydrogels are polymeric materials distinguished by high water content and diverse physical properties. Gradient stiffness hydrogels are designed by the need to develop biologically friendly materials as extracellular matrix (ECM) alternatives to replace the separated and narrow-ranged hydrogel substrates. Important new discoveries in cell behaviors have been realized with model gradient stiffness hydrogel systems from the two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D) scale. Basic and clinical applications for gradient stiffness hydrogels in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine continue to drive the development of stiffness and structure varied hydrogels. Given the importance of gradient stiffness hydrogels in basic research and biomedical applications, there is a clear need for systems for gradient stiffness hydrogel design strategies and their applications. This review will highlight past work in the field of gradient stiffness hydrogels fabrication methods, mechanical property test, applications as well as areas for future study. (c) 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
[1018] 用于组织工程和再生医学的梯度刚度水凝胶综述 生物医学材料研究（A 区），2017，105(6)：1799-1812。底物刚度已知会影响包括细胞分化、增殖、迁移和凋亡等特性。水凝胶是一种具有高水分含量和多种物理特性的聚合物材料。梯度刚度水凝胶的设计是为了满足开发生物相容性材料作为细胞外基质（ECM）替代品，以取代分离且范围狭窄的水凝胶底物。通过二维（2D）到三维（3D）尺度的模型梯度刚度水凝胶系统，实现了细胞行为的重要新发现。在组织工程和再生医学中，梯度刚度水凝胶的基本和临床应用继续推动刚度与结构多样化的水凝胶的发展。鉴于梯度刚度水凝胶在基础研究和生物医学应用中的重要性，迫切需要梯度刚度水凝胶设计策略及其应用的系统。 本综述将突出显示梯度刚度水凝胶制备方法、力学性能测试、应用以及未来研究方向上的过往研究。（c）2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

[1019] Near-Infrared Light-Responsive Semiconductor Polymer Composite Hydrogels: Spatial/Temporal-Controlled Release Via a Photothermal ″Sponge″ Effect ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2017, 9: 13602.
[1019] 近红外光响应半导体聚合物复合水凝胶：通过光热“海绵”效应实现空间/时间控制释放 ACS 应用材料与界面，2017，9：13602。

[1020] Near-Infrared Light-Responsive Semiconductor Polymer Composite Hydrogels: Spatial/Temporal-Controlled Release Via a Photothermal ″Sponge″ Effect ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2017, 9: 13602.
[1020] 近红外光响应半导体聚合物复合水凝胶：通过光热“海绵”效应实现空间/时间控制释放 ACS 应用材料与界面，2017，9：13602。

[1021] Dual Cross‐Linked Biofunctional and Self‐Healing Networks to Generate User‐Defined Modular Gradient Hydrogel Constructs Advanced Healthcare Materials, 2017, 6(16).
[1021] 用于生成用户定义模块化梯度水凝胶结构的双交联生物功能性和自修复网络 先进医疗材料，2017，6(16)。

[1022] A Light-Driven Artificial Flytrap Nature Communications, 2017, 8: 15546. The sophistication, complexity and intelligence of biological systems is a continuous source of inspiration for mankind. Mimicking the natural intelligence to devise tiny systems that are capable of self-regulated, autonomous action to, for example, distinguish different targets, remains among the grand challenges in biomimetic micro-robotics. Herein, we demonstrate an autonomous soft device, a light-driven flytrap, that uses optical feedback to trigger photomechanical actuation. The design is based on light-responsive liquid-crystal elastomer, fabricated onto the tip of an optical fibre, which acts as a power source and serves as a contactless probe that senses the environment. Mimicking natural flytraps, this artificial flytrap is capable of autonomous closure and object recognition. It enables self-regulated actuation within the fibre-sized architecture, thus opening up avenues towards soft, autonomous small-scale devices.
[1022] 光驱动人工捕蝇草 自然通讯，2017，8：15546。生物系统的精致、复杂和智能是人类不断汲取灵感的源泉。模仿自然智能，设计出能够自我调节、自主行动的小型系统，例如区分不同目标，仍然是仿生微型机器人领域的重大挑战之一。在此，我们展示了一种自主软设备，一种光驱动捕蝇草，它利用光学反馈来触发光机械动作。该设计基于光响应液晶弹性体，制造在光纤尖端，作为电源并充当无接触探头，用于感知环境。模仿自然捕蝇草，这种人工捕蝇草能够自主闭合和物体识别。它使纤维级架构内的自我调节动作成为可能，从而为软性、自主小型设备开辟了途径。

[1023] A Light-Driven Artificial Flytrap Nature Communications, 2017, 8: 15546. The sophistication, complexity and intelligence of biological systems is a continuous source of inspiration for mankind. Mimicking the natural intelligence to devise tiny systems that are capable of self-regulated, autonomous action to, for example, distinguish different targets, remains among the grand challenges in biomimetic micro-robotics. Herein, we demonstrate an autonomous soft device, a light-driven flytrap, that uses optical feedback to trigger photomechanical actuation. The design is based on light-responsive liquid-crystal elastomer, fabricated onto the tip of an optical fibre, which acts as a power source and serves as a contactless probe that senses the environment. Mimicking natural flytraps, this artificial flytrap is capable of autonomous closure and object recognition. It enables self-regulated actuation within the fibre-sized architecture, thus opening up avenues towards soft, autonomous small-scale devices.
[1023] 光驱动人工捕蝇草 自然通讯，2017，8：15546。生物系统的精致、复杂和智能是人类不断汲取灵感的源泉。模仿自然智能，设计出能够自我调节、自主行动的小型系统，例如区分不同目标，仍然是仿生微型机器人领域的重大挑战之一。在此，我们展示了一种自主软设备，一种光驱动捕蝇草，它利用光学反馈来触发光机械动作。该设计基于光响应液晶弹性体，制造在光纤尖端，作为电源并充当无接触探头，用于感知环境。模仿自然捕蝇草，这种人工捕蝇草能够自主闭合和物体识别。它使纤维级架构内的自我调节动作成为可能，从而为软性、自主小型设备开辟了道路。

[1024] Modulation of Multiscale 3d Lattices through Conformational Control: Painting Silk Inverse Opals with Water and Light Advanced Materials, 2017, 29(38). Structural proteins from naturally occurring materials are an inspiring template for material design and synthesis at multiple scales. The ability to control the assembly and conformation of such materials offers the opportunity to define fabrication approaches that recapitulate the dimensional hierarchy and structure-function relationships found in nature. A simple and versatile directed assembly method of silk fibroin, which allows the design of structures across multiple dimensional scales by generating and tuning structural color in large-scale, macro defect-free colloidally assembled 3D nano-structures in the form of silk inverse opals (SIOs) is reported. This approach effectively combines bottom-up and top-down techniques to obtain control on the nanoscale (through silk conformational changes), microscale (through patterning), and macroscale (through colloidal assembly), ultimately resulting in a controllable photonic lattice with predefined spectral behavior, with a resulting palette spanning almost the entire visible range. As a demonstration of the approach, examples of "multispectral" SIOs, paired with theoretical calculations and analysis of their response as a function of changes of lattice constants and refractive index contrast are illustrated.
通过构象控制调节多尺度 3D 晶格：用水和光绘制丝绸逆光玉，先进材料，2017，29(38)。天然存在的材料中的结构蛋白是多层次材料设计和合成的灵感模板。控制此类材料的组装和构象的能力为定义复制自然界中发现的尺寸层次和结构-功能关系的制造方法提供了机会。报道了一种简单且通用的丝绸纤维蛋白定向组装方法，该方法通过在大规模、无宏观缺陷的胶体组装 3D 纳米结构（以丝绸逆光玉（SIOs）的形式）中生成和调节结构色，从而设计出跨越多个维度尺度的结构。 该方法有效地结合了自下而上和自上而下的技术，实现对纳米尺度（通过丝绸构象变化）、微尺度（通过图案化）和宏观尺度（通过胶体组装）的控制，最终形成具有预定义光谱行为的可控光子晶格，其色彩范围几乎覆盖整个可见光谱。作为该方法的演示，展示了“多光谱”SIOs 的例子，并配以理论计算和分析其作为晶格常数和折射率对比度变化函数的响应。

[1025] Ultrafast Mechano-Responsive Photonic Hydrogel Towards Multicolor Displays Via the Pressure Sensation Materials Letters, 2017, 189: 321-324. In this work, the magnetic assembly combined with fast photopolymerization is applied for the preparation of mechano-responsive photonic hydrogel. The as-prepared hydrogel exhibits switchable color with ultrafast speed (Delta lambda/t = similar to 1.2 nm/ms) across a broad wavelength range (Delta lambda = similar to 250 nm), which is attributed to fast changing of the interparticle distance d of one dimensional (1 D) Fe3O4 nanoparticle chains fixed inside the hydrogel matrix in response to compressive force stimulus. The pressure chromatic sensitivity is high (Delta lambda/sigma=20-40 nm kPa(-1)) in touch region. With the aid of 3D printing technique, we innovatively demonstrate simultaneous multicolor displays on the hydrogel. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V.
[1025] 超快机械响应光子水凝胶：通过压力感应材料实现多彩显示，《材料科学快报》，2017，189：321-324。在本研究中，将磁性组装与快速光聚合相结合，用于制备机械响应光子水凝胶。所制备的水凝胶表现出可切换的颜色，具有超快速度（Δλ/Δt ≈ 1.2 nm/ms）和宽波长范围（Δλ ≈ 250 nm），这归因于水凝胶基质内固定的一维（1D）Fe3O4 纳米颗粒链的间距 d 在压缩力刺激下的快速变化。触摸区域的压力色散灵敏度很高（Δλ/Δσ=20-40 nm kPa(-1)）。借助 3D 打印技术，我们创新性地展示了水凝胶上的同时多彩显示。（C）2017 由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。

[1026] Carboxymethylcellulose Hydrogels Cross-Linked with Magnetite Nanoparticles for the Removal of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants from Water Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2017, 5(4): 3632-3639. Magnetic hydrogels based on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were prepared using magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) as cross-linker. In this hybrid organic-inorganic hydrogel, magnetite NPs are covalently bonded to the polymer chains. The CMC-Fe3O4 hydrogel was characterized by means of Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The equilibrium swelling degree of the CMC-Fe3O4 hydrogels was measured in deionized water as well as in artificial and natural sea water. Bioassays were performed in order to assess the ecosafety of these magnetic hydrogels by testing any potential effect on the growth rate of marine microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta. The capability of the CMC-Fe3O4 hydrogel to adsorb organic and inorganic pollutants was tested on solutions of methylene blue (MB) and CdCl2 in deionized and sea water as model systems. The CMC-Fe3O4 hydrogel is capable to adsorb both MB and Cd(II) in deionized water. On the other hand, the adsorption capacity is strongly reduced in sea water, due to the ions in solution which decrease the electrostatic attraction between the carboxylate groups of CMC and the positive charge of MB and Cd(II).
羧甲基纤维素水凝胶与磁铁矿纳米粒子交联用于去除水中的有机和无机污染物，《环境化学工程杂志》，2017，5(4)：3632-3639。采用 3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷（APTMS）功能化的磁铁矿（Fe3O4）纳米粒子（NPs）作为交联剂制备了基于羧甲基纤维素（CMC）的磁性水凝胶。在这种有机-无机杂化水凝胶中，磁铁矿 NPs 通过共价键与聚合物链连接。通过衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱（ATR-FTIR）和场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）对 CMC-Fe3O4 水凝胶进行了表征。在去离子水、人工海水和天然海水中测量了 CMC-Fe3O4 水凝胶的平衡溶胀度。通过测试对海洋微藻杜氏藻（Dunaliella tertiolecta）生长速率的潜在影响，进行了生物测试以评估这些磁性水凝胶的生态安全性。 CMC-Fe3O4 水凝胶吸附有机和无机污染物的能力在甲基蓝（MB）和 CdCl2 的脱离子水和海水溶液中作为模型体系进行了测试。CMC-Fe3O4 水凝胶能够吸附脱离子水中的 MB 和 Cd(II)。另一方面，在海水中的吸附能力显著降低，这是因为溶液中的离子减少了 CMC 羧基团与 MB 和 Cd(II)正电荷之间的静电吸引力。

[1027] Graphene-Based Polymer Bilayers with Superior Light-Driven Properties for Remote Construction of 3d Structures Advanced Science, 2017, 4(5): 1600437. 3D structure assembly in advanced functional materials is important for many areas of technology. Here, a new strategy exploits IR light-driven bilayer polymeric composites for autonomic origami assembly of 3D structures. The bilayer sheet comprises a passive layer of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and an active layer comprising reduced graphene oxides (RGOs), thermally expanding microspheres (TEMs), and PDMS. The corresponding fabrication method is versatile and simple. Owing to the large volume expansion of the TEMs, the two layers exhibit large differences in their coefficients of thermal expansion. The RGO-TEM-PDMS/PDMS bilayers can deflect toward the PDMS side upon IR irradiation via the cooperative effect of the photothermal effect of the RGOs and the expansion of the TEMs, and exhibit excellent light-driven, a large bending deformation, and rapid responsive properties. The proposed RGO-TEM-PDMS/PDMS composites with excellent light-driven bending properties are demonstrated as active hinges for building 3D geometries such as bidirectionally folded columns, boxes, pyramids, and cars. The folding angle (ranging from 0 degrees to 180 degrees) is well-controlled by tuning the active hinge length. Furthermore, the folded 3D architectures can permanently preserve the deformed shape without energy supply. The presented approach has potential in biomedical devices, aerospace applications, microfluidic devices, and 4D printing.
基于石墨烯的聚合物双层具有优异的光驱动性能，用于远程构建 3D 结构，Advanced Science，2017，4（5）：1600437。在先进功能材料中，3D 结构组装对许多技术领域至关重要。在这里，一种新的策略利用红外光驱动的双层聚合物复合材料，实现 3D 结构的自主折纸组装。双层薄片由一层聚（二甲基硅氧烷）（PDMS）被动层和一层包含还原氧化石墨烯（RGOs）、热膨胀微球（TEMs）和 PDMS 的活性层组成。相应的制造方法灵活且简单。由于 TEMs 的体积膨胀很大，两层在热膨胀系数上存在很大差异。在红外照射下，RGO-TEM-PDMS/PDMS 双层可通过 RGOs 的光热效应和 TEMs 的膨胀的协同作用向 PDMS 侧弯曲，并表现出优异的光驱动、大弯曲变形和快速响应性能。 提出的具有优异光驱动弯曲性能的 RGO-TEM-PDMS/PDMS 复合材料被证明是构建双向折叠柱、盒子、金字塔和汽车等 3D 几何形状的主动铰链。折叠角度（从 0 度到 180 度）可以通过调节主动铰链长度得到良好控制。此外，折叠的 3D 结构可以在不提供能量的情况下永久保持变形形状。该方法在生物医学设备、航空航天应用、微流控设备和 4D 打印方面具有潜力。

[1028] Graphene-Based Polymer Bilayers with Superior Light-Driven Properties for Remote Construction of 3d Structures Advanced Science, 2017, 4(5): 1600437. 3D structure assembly in advanced functional materials is important for many areas of technology. Here, a new strategy exploits IR light-driven bilayer polymeric composites for autonomic origami assembly of 3D structures. The bilayer sheet comprises a passive layer of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and an active layer comprising reduced graphene oxides (RGOs), thermally expanding microspheres (TEMs), and PDMS. The corresponding fabrication method is versatile and simple. Owing to the large volume expansion of the TEMs, the two layers exhibit large differences in their coefficients of thermal expansion. The RGO-TEM-PDMS/PDMS bilayers can deflect toward the PDMS side upon IR irradiation via the cooperative effect of the photothermal effect of the RGOs and the expansion of the TEMs, and exhibit excellent light-driven, a large bending deformation, and rapid responsive properties. The proposed RGO-TEM-PDMS/PDMS composites with excellent light-driven bending properties are demonstrated as active hinges for building 3D geometries such as bidirectionally folded columns, boxes, pyramids, and cars. The folding angle (ranging from 0 degrees to 180 degrees) is well-controlled by tuning the active hinge length. Furthermore, the folded 3D architectures can permanently preserve the deformed shape without energy supply. The presented approach has potential in biomedical devices, aerospace applications, microfluidic devices, and 4D printing.
基于石墨烯的聚合物双层具有优异的光驱动性能，用于远程构建 3D 结构，Advanced Science，2017，4（5）：1600437。在先进功能材料中，3D 结构组装对许多技术领域至关重要。在这里，一种新的策略利用红外光驱动的双层聚合物复合材料，实现 3D 结构的自主折纸组装。双层薄片由一层聚（二甲基硅氧烷）（PDMS）被动层和一层包含还原氧化石墨烯（RGOs）、热膨胀微球（TEMs）和 PDMS 的活性层组成。相应的制造方法灵活且简单。由于 TEMs 的体积膨胀很大，两层在热膨胀系数上存在很大差异。在红外照射下，RGO-TEM-PDMS/PDMS 双层可通过 RGOs 的光热效应和 TEMs 的膨胀的协同作用向 PDMS 侧弯曲，并表现出优异的光驱动、大弯曲变形和快速响应性能。 具有优异光驱动弯曲性能的 RGO-TEM-PDMS/PDMS 复合体被证明可作为构建双向折叠柱、盒子、金字塔和汽车等 3D 几何形状的主动铰链。折叠角度（从 0 度到 180 度）可以通过调节主动铰链长度得到良好控制。此外，折叠的 3D 结构可以在不提供能量的情况下永久保持变形形状。该方法在生物医学设备、航空航天应用、微流控设备和 4D 打印方面具有潜力。

[1029] Multifunctional Stimuli-Responsive Supramolecular Materials with Stretching, Coloring, and Self-Healing Properties Functionalized Via Host–Guest Interactions Macromolecules, 2017, 50(11): 4144-4150.
[1029] 通过主客体相互作用功能化的具有拉伸、着色和自修复性能的多功能刺激响应超分子材料，Macromolecules，2017，50(11)：4144-4150。

[1030] Highly Stretchable and Highly Resilient Polymer–Clay Nanocomposite Hydrogels with Low Hysteresis ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2017, 9(27): 22223-22234.
[1030] 具有低滞后性的高拉伸性和高弹性的聚合物-粘土纳米复合水凝胶，ACS 应用材料与界面，2017，9(27)：22223-22234。

[1031] Electro-Lyotropic Equilibrium and the Utility of Ion-Pair Dissociation Constants Colloid and Interface Science Communications, 2017, 20: 9-11.
[1031] 电渗流平衡和离子对解离常数的效用，胶体与界面科学通讯，2017，20：9-11。

[1032] Housing Characteristics and Indoor Air Quality in Households of Alaska Native Children with Chronic Lung Conditions Indoor Air, 2017, 27(2): 478-486. Alaska Native children experience high rates of respiratory infections and conditions. Household crowding, indoor smoke, lack of piped water, and poverty have been associated with respiratory infections. We describe the baseline household characteristics of children with severe or chronic lung disease participating in a 2012-2015 indoor air study. We monitored indoor PM2.5, CO2, relative humidity %, temperature, and VOCs and interviewed caregivers about children's respiratory symptoms. We evaluated the association between reported children's respiratory symptoms and indoor air quality indicators using multiple logistic regression analysis. Compared with general US households, study households were more likely overcrowded 73% (62%-82%) vs 3.2% (3.1%-3.3%); had higher woodstove use as primary heat source 16% (9%-25%) vs 2.1% (2.0%-2.2%); and higher proportion of children in a household with a smoker 49% (38%-60%) vs 26.2% (25.5%-26.8%). Median PM2.5 was 33 mu g/m(3). Median CO2 was 1401 ppm. VOCs were detectable in all homes. VOCs, smoker, primary wood heat, and PM2.5> 25 mu g/m(3) were associated with higher risk for cough between colds; VOCs were associated with higher risk for wheeze between colds and asthma diagnosis. High indoor air pollutant levels were associated with respiratory symptoms in household children, likely related to overcrowding, poor ventilation, woodstove use, and tobacco smoke.
[1032] 阿拉斯加原住民儿童家庭住房特征与室内空气质量研究 室内空气，2017，27(2)：478-486。阿拉斯加原住民儿童呼吸系统感染和疾病发生率高。家庭拥挤、室内烟雾、缺乏管道供水和贫困与呼吸系统感染有关。我们描述了 2012-2015 年室内空气质量研究中参与儿童严重或慢性肺疾病家庭的基线家庭特征。我们监测了室内 PM2.5、CO2、相对湿度%、温度和 VOCs，并采访了照顾者关于儿童的呼吸症状。我们使用多逻辑回归分析评估了报告的儿童呼吸症状与室内空气质量指标之间的关联。与一般美国家庭相比，研究家庭更可能过度拥挤（73%（62%-82%）对 3.2%（3.1%-3.3%）；以木炉为主要热源的使用率更高（16%（9%-25%）对 2.1%（2.0%-2.2%）；家庭中有吸烟者的儿童比例更高（49%（38%-60%）对 26.2%（25.5%-26.8%）。PM2.5 中位数是 33 微克/立方米。CO2 中位数是 1401ppm。所有家庭都检测到 VOCs。 挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）、吸烟者、主要木材取暖和 PM2.5>25 微克/立方米与感冒期间的咳嗽风险增加相关；VOCs 与感冒期间喘息和哮喘诊断风险增加相关。室内空气污染物水平高与家庭儿童呼吸道症状相关，可能与其拥挤、通风不良、使用木炉和烟草烟雾有关。

[1033] Colorimetric Sensing of Malathion Using Palladium-Gold Bimetallic Nanozyme Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 2017, 92: 280-286. In this work, a simple, sensitive and selective label free colorimetric assay using palladium-gold nanorod as nanozyme is reported for malathion detection. Study investigates the peroxidase potential of the nanozyme on colorimetric substrates and explores the effect of selected organophosphates on their enzyme mimetic activity. Palladium-gold nanozyme shows excellent peroxidase mimetic activity with O-phenylenediamine in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Its Kinetic parameters Km and kcat are better than horseradish peroxidase which makes it a superior enzyme. Nanozyme is stable over a broad temperature range (4-70 degrees C) and shows high peroxidase activity from 2 to 6 pH. The peroxidase activity of nanozyme is selectively quenched with increasing concentration of malathion and is the principle of developed assay. Assay has a lowest detection limit of 60 ng/ml and shows no cross-reaction with other analogous organophosphates or metal salts. Validation on tap water samples spiked with different concentrations of malathion shows good recovery in the range of 80-106%. Assay also displays good intra and inter-assay precision which lie in the range of 2.7-6.1% and 3.2-5.9% respectively. This study demonstrated the catalytic potential of palladium-gold nanorods, which can be employed as nanozyme for developing highly sensitive detection methods.
[1033] 使用钯金双金属纳米酶生物传感器和生物电子学对马拉硫磷进行比色传感，2017，92：280-286。本研究报道了一种简单、灵敏和选择性的无标记比色测定方法，使用钯金纳米棒作为纳米酶来检测马拉硫磷。研究调查了纳米酶在比色底物上的过氧化物酶潜力，并探讨了所选有机磷对它们的酶模拟活性的影响。钯金纳米酶在过氧化氢存在下对邻苯二胺表现出优异的过氧化物酶模拟活性。其动力学参数 Km 和 kcat 优于辣根过氧化物酶，使其成为一种更优越的酶。纳米酶在广泛的温度范围内（4-70°C）稳定，并在 2 到 6 pH 范围内显示出高过氧化物酶活性。随着马拉硫磷浓度的增加，纳米酶的过氧化物酶活性被选择性地淬灭，这是所开发测定方法的原则。测定方法的最小检测限为 60 ng/ml，并且与其他类似有机磷或金属盐没有交叉反应。 对添加不同浓度马拉硫磷的自来水样品进行验证，结果显示回收率在 80-106%之间良好。检测还显示出良好的批内和批间精密度，分别位于 2.7-6.1%和 3.2-5.9%之间。本研究证明了钯金纳米棒的催化潜力，可用于开发高灵敏度的检测方法。

[1034] Photothermal Surface Plasmon Resonance and Interband Transition-Enhanced Nanocomposite Hydrogel Actuators with Hand-Like Dynamic Manipulation Advanced Optical Materials, 2017, 5(22): 1700442. Hydrogel actuators represent a powerful tool due to their ability to capture, move, and be manipulated, which has applications in diverse fields. The development of hydrogel actuators capable of localized movement, where only a part of the whole system moves, wireless remote control, and flexible shape-changing is critical and challenging to fulfill their potential. Here, photothermal hydrogel actuators are designed and fabricated to accomplish a precise hand-like manipulation of encapsulating and finger-like one-by-one bending by light. A thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) active layer and a non-thermoresponsive poly(acrylamide) passive layer are combined to generate a thermal-expansion coefficient mismatch among the interface and this energy eventually transforms into a bending motion. As an energy transformation agent, the gold nanoparticles doped in the PNIPAm hydrogel absorb the light energy and transform it into thermalenergy effectively as a result of a surface plasmon resonance electron-phonon process and intrinsic interband transitions. The resulting nanocomposite actuators exhibit flexible, reversible motions and local hand-like finger flexion driven by either flood illumination or local irradiation. The developed programmable actuators are expected to be an attractive candidate for the next generation of "smart" soft robots.
[1034] 光热表面等离子体共振和能带跃迁增强的纳米复合水凝胶驱动器，具有类似手的动态操作，先进光学材料，2017，5(22)：1700442。水凝胶驱动器因其能够捕获、移动和操作的能力，是一种强大的工具，在多个领域都有应用。开发能够实现局部运动（只有系统的一部分移动）、无线远程控制和可变形形状的水凝胶驱动器，对于实现其潜力至关重要且具有挑战性。在此，设计并制造了光热水凝胶驱动器，通过光实现封装和指状逐个弯曲的精确类似手的操作。将热响应性聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)（PNIPAm）活性层和非热响应性聚丙烯酰胺被动层结合，在界面处产生热膨胀系数不匹配，这种能量最终转化为弯曲运动。 作为一种能量转换剂，掺杂在 PNIPAm 水凝胶中的金纳米粒子通过表面等离子体共振电子-声子过程和固有能带间跃迁，有效地吸收光能并将其转化为热能。由此产生的纳米复合材料驱动器表现出灵活、可逆的运动和由漫射照明或局部照射驱动的类似手的指关节弯曲。所开发的可编程驱动器有望成为下一代“智能”软机器人的有吸引力的候选者。

[1035] Photothermal Surface Plasmon Resonance and Interband Transition-Enhanced Nanocomposite Hydrogel Actuators with Hand-Like Dynamic Manipulation Advanced Optical Materials, 2017, 5(22): 1700442. Hydrogel actuators represent a powerful tool due to their ability to capture, move, and be manipulated, which has applications in diverse fields. The development of hydrogel actuators capable of localized movement, where only a part of the whole system moves, wireless remote control, and flexible shape-changing is critical and challenging to fulfill their potential. Here, photothermal hydrogel actuators are designed and fabricated to accomplish a precise hand-like manipulation of encapsulating and finger-like one-by-one bending by light. A thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) active layer and a non-thermoresponsive poly(acrylamide) passive layer are combined to generate a thermal-expansion coefficient mismatch among the interface and this energy eventually transforms into a bending motion. As an energy transformation agent, the gold nanoparticles doped in the PNIPAm hydrogel absorb the light energy and transform it into thermalenergy effectively as a result of a surface plasmon resonance electron-phonon process and intrinsic interband transitions. The resulting nanocomposite actuators exhibit flexible, reversible motions and local hand-like finger flexion driven by either flood illumination or local irradiation. The developed programmable actuators are expected to be an attractive candidate for the next generation of "smart" soft robots.
[1035] 光热表面等离子体共振和能带跃迁增强的纳米复合水凝胶驱动器，具有类似手的动态操作，先进光学材料，2017，5(22)：1700442。水凝胶驱动器因其能够捕获、移动和操作的能力，是一种强大的工具，在多个领域都有应用。开发能够实现局部运动（只有系统的一部分移动）、无线远程控制和可变形形状的水凝胶驱动器，对于实现其潜力至关重要且具有挑战性。在此，设计并制造了光热水凝胶驱动器，通过光实现封装和指状逐个弯曲的精确类似手的操作。将热响应性聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)（PNIPAm）活性层和非热响应性聚丙烯酰胺被动层结合，在界面处产生热膨胀系数不匹配，这种能量最终转化为弯曲运动。 作为一种能量转换剂，掺杂在 PNIPAm 水凝胶中的金纳米粒子通过表面等离子体共振电子-声子过程和固有能带间跃迁，有效地吸收光能并将其转化为热能。由此产生的纳米复合材料驱动器表现出灵活、可逆的运动和由漫射照明或局部照射驱动的类似手的指关节弯曲。所开发的可编程驱动器有望成为下一代“智能”软机器人的有吸引力的候选者。

[1036] High-Throughput Low-Background G-Quadruplex Aptamer Chemiluminescence Assay for Ochratoxin a Using a Single Photonic Crystal Microsphere Analytical Chemistry, 2017, 89(21): 11862-11868. We reported a novel hemin-G-quadruplex aptamer chemiluminescence assay platform for ochratoxin A (OTA) using the single silica photonic crystal microsphere (SPCM). The oligonucleotide A sequence containing aptamer sequences of hemin and OTA is immobilized on the surface of SPCM. The other oligonucleotide B sequence containing a partially complementary sequence with one part OTA aptamer and one part hemin aptamer is used as a blocking chain. The hybridization between chain A and chain B will be influenced by the presence or absence of OTA in the system, which will affect the bioactivity of DNAzyme. Thus, the chemiluminescence signal depends on the concentration of OTA in the samples. In the single particle assay platform, the signal/noise is remarkably enhanced, and the background signal can be ignored by separating hemin from the surface of SPCM. The limit of detection of the new method reaches to the pg/mL scale, and the linear detection range is 4 orders of magnitude for OTA. The new assay platform can provide a sensitive, cost-efficient, simple, and high-throughput screening for OTA.
[1036] 高通量低背景 G-四链体适配体化学发光法检测赭曲霉毒素 A，采用单个光子晶体微球分析化学，2017，89(21): 11862-11868。我们报道了一种新型的血红素-G-四链体适配体化学发光法检测赭曲霉毒素 A（OTA）的平台，使用单个二氧化硅光子晶体微球（SPCM）。含有血红素和 OTA 适配体序列的寡核苷酸 A 序列固定在 SPCM 表面。另一个含有部分互补序列的寡核苷酸 B 序列，包含一部分 OTA 适配体和一部分血红素适配体，用作阻断链。链 A 和链 B 之间的杂交将受系统中 OTA 的有无影响，这将影响 DNA 酶的生物活性。因此，化学发光信号取决于样品中 OTA 的浓度。在单颗粒检测平台上，信号/噪声显著增强，通过将血红素从 SPCM 表面分离，可以忽略背景信号。新方法的检测限达到 pg/mL 量级，OTA 的线性检测范围为 4 个数量级。 新型检测平台可以提供对 OTA 的敏感、经济、简便和高通量筛选。

[1037] Bio-Inspired Colorimetric Film Based on Hygroscopic Coloration of Longhorn Beetles ( ) Scientific Reports, 2017, 7: 44927. Structure-dependent colour is caused by the interaction of light with photonic crystal structures rather than pigments. The elytra of longhorn beetles Tmesisternus isabellae appear to be iridescent green in a dry state and turn to red when exposed to humidity. Based on the hygroscopic colouration of the longhorn beetle, we have developed centimeter-scale colorimetric opal films using a novel self-assembly method. The micro-channel assisted assembly technique adopts both natural evaporation and rotational forced drying, enhancing the surface binding of silica particles and the packing density by reducing the lattice constant and structural defects. The fabricated large-scale photonic film changes its structural colour from green to red when exposed to water vapour, similarly to the colorimetric feature of the longhorn beetle. The humidity-dependent colour change of the opal film is shown to be reversible and durable over five-hundred cycles of wetting and drying.
基于长角甲虫吸湿色变的生物启发比色薄膜（）科学报告，2017，7：44927。结构相关的颜色是由光与光子晶体结构的相互作用引起的，而不是色素。长角甲虫 Tmesisternus isabellae 的鞘翅在干燥状态下呈现出彩虹般的绿色，在潮湿环境下变为红色。基于长角甲虫的吸湿色变，我们利用一种新型自组装方法开发了厘米级比色蛋白石薄膜。微通道辅助组装技术采用自然蒸发和旋转强制干燥，通过减小晶格常数和结构缺陷，增强了二氧化硅颗粒的表面结合力和堆积密度。制备的大规模光子薄膜在暴露于水蒸气时，其结构颜色从绿色变为红色，类似于长角甲虫的比色特性。实验表明，蛋白石薄膜的湿度相关颜色变化在五百次湿度和干燥循环中是可逆和耐用的。

[1038] Wireless Mems-Based Accelerometer Sensor Boards for Structural Vibration Monitoring: A Review IEEE Sensors Journal, 2017, 17(2): 226-235. Monitoring and analysing the integrity of structures and machinery is important for economic, operational, and mission critical reasons. In recent years, there has been growing interest in performing structural health monitoring (SHM) by monitoring structural dynamic response via micro electromechanical system accelerometers. In addition, the possibility of embedding these devices within a wireless sensor network and allowing measured data to be wirelessly transmitted has contributed to the development of many new applications not possible just a few years ago. These sensors, for use in SHM applications, need to detect low-amplitude and low frequency vibrations, operations which are not always feasible with the conventional low-cost sensor boards. Since the late 1990s, several accelerometer board prototypes have been proposed for achieving accurate vibration monitoring. This paper presents a summary review of the systems developed in the ten years following 2006 with particular emphasis on the sensing characteristics, performances, and applications of the designed sensor boards for microvibration detection and analysis.
基于无线 MEMS 加速度计的结构振动监测传感器板：综述 IEEE 传感器杂志，2017，17(2)：226-235。监测和分析结构及机械的完整性对于经济、运营和任务关键原因至关重要。近年来，通过监测结构动态响应来执行结构健康监测（SHM）的兴趣日益增长，这种监测是通过微机电系统加速度计进行的。此外，将这些设备嵌入无线传感器网络并允许测量数据无线传输的可能性，也为几年前不可能实现的新应用的发展做出了贡献。这些传感器，用于 SHM 应用，需要检测低幅值和低频振动，这些操作并不总是可以通过传统的低成本传感器板实现的。自 1990 年代末以来，已提出几个加速度计板原型，以实现精确的振动监测。 本文对 2006 年之后的十年中开发的系统进行了总结性回顾，特别强调了设计用于微振动检测和分析的传感器板的感觉特性、性能和应用。

[1039] Three-Dimensional Midwater Camouflage from a Novel Two-Component Photonic Structure in Hatchetfish Skin Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 2017, 14(130): 20161034. The largest habitat by volume on Earth is the oceanic midwater, which is also one of the least understood in terms of animal ecology. The organisms here exhibit a spectacular array of optical adaptations for living in a visual void that have only barely begun to be described. We describe a complex pattern of broadband scattering from the skin of Argyropelecus sp., a hatchetfish found in the mesopelagic zone of the world's oceans. Hatchetfish skin superficially resembles the unpolished side of aluminium foil, but on closer inspection contains a complex composite array of subwavelength-scale dielectric structures. The superficial layer of this array contains dielectric stacks that are rectangular in cross-section, while the deeper layer contains dielectric bundles that are elliptical in cross-section; the cells in both layers have their longest dimension running parallel to the dorsal-ventral axis of the fish. Using the finite-difference time-domain approach and photographic radiometry, we explored the structural origins of this scattering behaviour and its environmental consequences. When the fish's flank is illuminated from an arbitrary incident angle, a portion of the scattered light exits in an arc parallel to the fish's anterior-posterior axis. Simultaneously, some incident light is also scattered downwards through the complex birefringent skin structure and exits from the ventral photophores. We show that this complex scattering pattern will provide camouflage simultaneously against the horizontal radially symmetric solar radiance in this habitat, and the predatory bioluminescent searchlights that are common here. The structure also directs light incident on the flank of the fish into the downwelling, silhouette-hiding counter-illumination of the ventral photophores.
[1039] 来自刀鱼皮肤的新型双组分光子结构的三维中层伪装，《皇家学会接口》杂志，2017 年，14(130)：20161034。地球上按体积最大的栖息地是海洋中层水域，就动物生态学而言，它也是了解最少的一个。这里的生物表现出一系列令人惊叹的光学适应，以适应视觉空白环境，这些适应仅刚刚开始被描述。我们描述了来自 Argyropelecus sp.（一种生活在世界海洋中层水域的刀鱼）皮肤的宽带散射复杂模式。刀鱼皮肤从外观上类似于未抛光的铝箔侧面，但仔细观察后发现，它包含一个复杂的亚波长尺度电介质结构的复合阵列。该阵列的表面层包含横截面为矩形的电介质堆叠，而深层包含横截面为椭圆形的电介质束；两层中的细胞最长尺寸都与鱼体的背腹轴平行。 利用有限差分时域法和摄影光度测量法，我们探讨了这种散射行为的结构起源及其环境影响。当鱼侧腹从任意入射角度被照亮时，部分散射光以与鱼前后轴平行的弧形射出。同时，一些入射光也通过复杂的双折射皮肤结构向下散射，并从腹部发光器官射出。我们表明，这种复杂的散射模式将同时为该栖息地中水平径向对称的太阳辐射和常见的捕食性生物发光搜索灯提供伪装。该结构还将照射到鱼侧腹的光线引导到腹部发光器官的下向、轮廓隐藏的逆光照明中。

[1040] Vapor Sensing Using a Bio-Inspired Porous Silicon Photonic Crystal Materials Today-Proceedings, 2017, 4(4): 5006-5012. Naturally occurring photonic crystals present on the wing scales of Papilio butterflies are known to exhibit vivid iridescent coloration as well as various optical properties, including vapor sensing properties. This work reports the fabrication of a periodic array of concave multilayers in porous silicon mimicking the Papilio blumei nanostructure and its application as an optical vapor sensor. We compared the variations in the reflectance spectrum due to ethanol vapor adsorption and condensation inside the bioinspired concave porous silicon multilayer structure to the variations of a standard flat porous silicon Bragg mirror. This results in an enhanced response time in the case of the bio-inspired concave structure. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
[1040] 利用仿生多孔硅光子晶体进行蒸汽传感——材料今天-会议录，2017，4(4)：5006-5012。自然存在于凤蝶翅膀鳞片上的光子晶体已知表现出鲜艳的彩虹色以及各种光学特性，包括蒸汽传感特性。本研究报告了在多孔硅中制作出模拟 Papilio blumei 纳米结构的周期性凹面多层阵列，并探讨了其作为光学蒸汽传感器的应用。我们将生物灵感凹面多孔硅多层结构内部乙醇蒸汽吸附和冷凝引起的反射光谱变化与标准平面多孔硅布拉格镜的反射光谱变化进行了比较。这导致生物灵感凹面结构在响应时间方面得到增强。（C）2017 Elsevier Ltd. 版权所有。

[1041] Embedded Fiber-Optic Sensing for Accurate Internal Monitoring of Cell State in Advanced Battery Management Systems Part 1: Cell Embedding Method and Performance Journal of Power Sources, 2017, 341: 466-473. A key challenge hindering the mass adoption of Lithium-ion and other next-gen chemistries in advanced battery applications such as hybrid/electric vehicles (xEVs) has been management of their functional performance for more effective battery utilization and control over their life. Contemporary battery management systems (BMS) reliant on monitoring external parameters such as voltage and current to ensure safe battery operation with the required performance usually result in overdesign and inefficient use of capacity. More informative embedded sensors are desirable for internal cell state monitoring, which could provide accurate state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH) estimates and early failure indicators. Here we present a promising new embedded sensing option developed by our team for cell monitoring, fiber-optic sensors. High-performance large-format pouch cells with embedded fiber-optic sensors were fabricated. The first of this two-part paper focuses on the embedding method details and performance of these cells. The seal integrity, capacity retention, cycle life, compatibility with existing module designs, and mass-volume cost estimates indicate their suitability for xEV and other advanced battery applications. The second part of the paper focuses on the internal strain and temperature signals obtained from these sensors under various conditions and their utility for high-accuracy cell state estimation algorithms. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
[1041] 嵌入式光纤传感技术在先进电池管理系统中对电池内部状态进行精确监测的关键挑战：电池单元嵌入方法与性能 第 1 部分，《电源杂志》，2017，341：466-473。阻碍锂离子和其他下一代化学电池在混合/电动汽车（xEVs）等先进电池应用中大规模采用的一个关键挑战，是管理其功能性能，以实现更有效的电池利用和控制其寿命。依赖于监测电压和电流等外部参数以确保安全电池运行并达到所需性能的当代电池管理系统（BMS）通常会导致过度设计和容量利用效率低下。对于内部电池单元状态监测，需要更信息丰富的嵌入式传感器，这些传感器可以提供准确的充电状态（SOC）和健康状态（SOH）估计以及早期故障指示器。在此，我们展示了我们团队为电池监测开发的一种有希望的新的嵌入式传感选项——光纤传感器。制造了具有嵌入式光纤传感器的性能优异的大尺寸软包电池。 本篇两篇论文的第一篇重点介绍了这些单元的嵌入方法细节和性能。密封完整性、容量保持、循环寿命、与现有模块设计的兼容性以及大规模成本估算表明，它们适用于 xEV 和其他先进电池应用。论文的第二部分重点讨论了在各种条件下从这些传感器获得的内部应变和温度信号，以及它们对高精度单元状态估计算法的实用性。（C）2016 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[1042] Comparison of Methods Study between a Photonic Crystal Biosensor and Certified Elisa to Measure Biomarkers of Iron Deficiency in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Sensors, 2017, 17(10). The total analytical error of a photonic crystal (PC) biosensor in the determination of ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) as biomarkers of iron deficiency anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients was evaluated against certified ELISAs. Antigens were extracted from sera of CKD patients using functionalized iron-oxide nanoparticles (fAb-IONs) followed by magnetic separation. Immuno-complexes were recognized by complementary detection Ab affixed to the PC biosensor surface, and their signals were followed using the BIND instrument. Quantification was conducted against actual protein standards. Total calculated error (TEcalc) was estimated based on systematic (SE) and random error (RE) and compared against total allowed error (TEa) based on established quality specifications. Both detection platforms showed adequate linearity, specificity, and sensitivity for biomarkers. Means, SD, and CV were similar between biomarkers for both detection platforms. Compared to ELISA, inherent imprecision was higher on the PC biosensor for ferritin, but not for sTfR. High SE or RE in the PC biosensor when measuring either biomarker resulted in TEcalc higher than the TEa. This did not influence the diagnostic ability of the PC biosensor to discriminate CKD patients with low iron stores. The performance of the PC biosensor is similar to certified ELISAs; however, optimization is required to reduce TEcalc.
[1042] 光子晶体生物传感器与认证 ELISA 测量慢性肾病（CKD）患者铁缺乏生物标志物的比较研究。在慢性肾病（CKD）患者中，以铁蛋白和可溶性转铁蛋白受体（sTfR）作为铁缺乏性贫血的生物标志物，评估了光子晶体（PC）生物传感器在测定中的总分析误差，并与认证 ELISA 进行了比较。使用功能化铁氧化物纳米颗粒（fAb-IONs）从 CKD 患者的血清中提取抗原，随后进行磁分离。免疫复合物被固定在 PC 生物传感器表面的互补检测抗体识别，并使用 BIND 仪器跟踪其信号。定量分析以实际蛋白质标准进行。总计算误差（TEcalc）基于系统误差（SE）和随机误差（RE）进行估计，并与基于既定质量规格的总允许误差（TEa）进行比较。两种检测平台在生物标志物方面均显示出足够的线性、特异性和灵敏度。两种检测平台的生物标志物均值、标准差和变异系数相似。 与 ELISA 相比，PC 生物传感器检测铁蛋白的固有误差更高，但 sTfR 不是。在测量任一生物标志物时，PC 生物传感器的高 SE 或 RE 导致 TEcalc 高于 TEa。这并不影响 PC 生物传感器区分低铁储存 CKD 患者的诊断能力。PC 生物传感器的性能与认证的 ELISA 相似；然而，需要优化以降低 TEcalc。

[1043] Paradigm Shift for Preparing Versatile M2+-Free Gels from Unmodified Sodium Alginate Biomacromolecules, 2017, 18(9): 2967-2979. This manuscript describes a new route to prepare rapidly Ca(2+)-free hydrogels from unmodified sodium alginate by simply mixing with small organic molecules such as poly(carboxylic acid) compounds as cross-linker agents instead of classical divalent metal salts such as CaCl2. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was also found to induce the rapid gelation of aqueous alginate solutions. The gelation process takes place at room temperature, and depending on the composition, gels with good thermal (90-100 degrees C) and mechanical properties compared to classical metal-containing analogs are obtained. DMSO-based gels showed remarkable self-supporting and thixotropic properties, which can be tuned by the biopolymer concentration. Furthermore, oxalic acid-based gels show superior elasticity than HCl, CaCl2 and DMSO-based gels. The possibility to prepare monoliths, beads, and films of these gels provide them with significant versatility. In particular, films made of alginate and oxalic acid show good potential as synergistic anticancer drug delivery carrier. Computational studies using both quantum mechanical and classical force-field methodologies reveal that hydrogen bonding networks between water and DMSO molecules located close to the alginate chains are responsible for the stability of DMSO-based gels. In contrast, the cohesion of oxalic acid-based gels is a consequence of the coexistence of multiple ionic associations involving oxalate, alginate, and Na(+) counterions, which stabilize the system and keep all the interacting species grouped.
[1043] 从未改性的海藻酸钠生物大分子制备多功能 M2+-自由凝胶的范式转变，2017，18(9)：2967-2979。本文描述了一种通过简单混合小有机分子（如聚羧酸化合物）作为交联剂，而不是传统的二价金属盐（如 CaCl2）来快速制备 Ca(2+)-自由水凝胶的新方法。还发现二甲基亚砜（DMSO）可以诱导水溶性海藻酸钠溶液的快速凝胶化。凝胶化过程在室温下进行，根据组成，与经典金属含量类似物相比，获得了具有良好热（90-100 摄氏度）和机械性能的凝胶。基于 DMSO 的凝胶表现出显著的自我支撑和触变特性，这些特性可以通过生物聚合物浓度进行调节。此外，基于草酸的凝胶比 HCl、CaCl2 和基于 DMSO 的凝胶具有更好的弹性。制备这些凝胶的单体、珠子和薄膜的可能性使它们具有显著的通用性。特别是，由海藻酸和草酸制成的薄膜具有良好的作为协同抗癌药物递送载体的潜力。 计算研究采用量子力学和经典力场方法表明，靠近藻酸盐链的水分子和 DMSO 分子之间的氢键网络是 DMSO 基凝胶稳定性的原因。相比之下，草酸基凝胶的凝聚力是涉及草酸根、藻酸盐和 Na(+)反离子的多种离子关联共存的结果，这些关联稳定了系统并使所有相互作用物种保持分组。

[1044] Child and Adult Exposure and Health Risk Evaluation Following the Use of Metal- and Metalloid-Containing Costume Cosmetics Sold in the United States Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2017, 84: 54-63. Costume cosmetics (lipstick, body paints, eyeshadow) were analyzed for metals using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Sb was detected in all samples (range: 0.12-6.3 mg/kg; d.f. 100%), followed by Pb (<0.15-9.3 mg/kg), Ni (<0.20-6.3 mg/kg), Co (<0.5-2.0 mg/kg); with d.f. 80% each, Hg (<0.00015-0.0020 mg/kg; d.f. 50%) and As (0.53 mg/kg, d.f. 10%). Ingestion and dermal exposures were estimated for child- and adult-intermittent and adult-occupational users. Adult-occupational users exceeded the U.S. EPA Reference Dose (RfD) for Sb and the CA Proposition 65 maximum allowable dose level (MADL) for Pb was exceeded for all user scenarios. The Pb dose from body paint was sufficient to raise blood lead levels (BLL) in all user scenarios above baseline BLLs from 0.2 mug/dL to 1.9 mug/dL per the Adult Lead Model (ALM) and child Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic (IEUBK) blood Pb models. Change in BLL was less than 1 mug/dL amongst the child and adult-intermittent users, the benchmark change in BLL developed for health risk assessments for children. Adult-occupational users exceeded the CA Proposition 65 NSRL intake value of 15 mug/day, which corresponds to an increase of 1.2 mug/dL above baseline levels using ALM. Exposure of occupational users of costume cosmetics should be evaluated further to prevent unnecessary metal exposure.
[1044] 美国销售含金属和类金属的化妆玩具（口红、身体彩绘、眼影）使用后儿童和成人暴露及健康风险评估 美国监管毒理学与药理学，2017，84：54-63。使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）分析了化妆玩具中的金属。在所有样品中检测到 Sb（范围：0.12-6.3 mg/kg；df 100%），其次是 Pb（<0.15-9.3 mg/kg）、Ni（<0.20-6.3 mg/kg）、Co（<0.5-2.0 mg/kg）；df 80%的 Hg（<0.00015-0.0020 mg/kg；df 50%）和 As（0.53 mg/kg，df 10%）。估计了儿童和成人间歇使用者和成人职业使用者的摄入和皮肤暴露。成人职业使用者的 Sb 暴露量超过了美国 EPA 参考剂量（RfD），对于所有用户场景，Pb 的最大允许剂量水平（MADL）超过了加州提案 65。根据成人铅模型（ALM）和儿童综合暴露摄取生物动力学（IEUBK）血铅模型，身体彩绘中的 Pb 剂量足以将所有用户场景中的血铅水平（BLL）从 0.2 mug/dL 提高到 1.9 mug/dL。 BLL 在儿童和成人间断使用者中变化小于 1 mug/dL，这是为儿童健康风险评估开发的 BLL 基准变化。成人职业使用者超过了加州提案 65 号 NSRL 摄入值 15 mug/天，这相当于使用 ALM 在基线水平上增加了 1.2 mug/dL。应进一步评估职业化妆品使用者的暴露情况，以防止不必要的金属暴露。

[1045] Surface Patterning of Hydrogels for Programmable and Complex Shape Deformations by Ion Inkjet Printing Advanced Functional Materials, 2017, 27(33): 1701962. Convenient patterning and precisely programmable shape deformations are crucial for the practical applications of shape deformable hydrogels. Here, a facile and versatile computer-assisted ion inkjet printing technique is described that enables the direct printing of batched, very complicated patterns, especially those with well-defined, programmable variation in cross-linking densities, on one or both surfaces of a large-sized hydrogel sample. A mechanically strong hydrogel containing poly(sodium acrylate) is first prepared, and then digital patterns are printed onto the hydrogel surfaces by using a commercial inkjet printer and an aqueous ferric solution. The complexation between the polyelectrolyte and ferric ions increases the cross-linking density of the printed regions, and hence the gel sample can undergo shape deformation upon swelling/deswelling. The deformation rates and degrees of the hydrogels can be conveniently adjusted by changing the printing times or the different/gradient grayscale distribution of designed patterns. By printing appropriate patterns on one or both surfaces of the hydrogel sheets, many complex 3D shapes are obtained from shape deformations upon swelling/deswelling, such as cylindrical shell and forsythia flower (patterns on one surface), ding (patterns on both surfaces), blooming flower (different/gradient grayscale distributive patterns on one surface), and non-Euclidean plates (different/gradient grayscale distributive patterns on both surfaces).
[1045] 通过离子喷墨打印实现水凝胶表面图案化以实现可编程和复杂形状变形，《先进功能材料》，2017，27(33)：1701962。方便的图案化和精确的可编程形状变形对于形状可变形水凝胶的实际应用至关重要。在这里，介绍了一种简便且通用的计算机辅助离子喷墨打印技术，该技术能够直接打印批量、非常复杂的图案，特别是那些具有明确、可编程交联密度变化的图案，在大型水凝胶样品的一个或两个表面上。首先制备了一种含有聚（丙烯酸钠）的机械强度水凝胶，然后使用商用喷墨打印机和含铁溶液在凝胶表面上打印数字图案。聚电解质与铁离子的络合增加了打印区域的交联密度，因此凝胶样品在吸水/脱水中可以发生形状变形。 水凝胶的变形速率和程度可以通过改变打印时间或设计图案的不同/渐变灰度分布来方便地调整。通过在凝胶片的单面或双面上打印适当的图案，可以从形状变形中获得许多复杂的 3D 形状，例如圆柱壳和连翘花（单面图案）、鼎（双面图案）、盛开的花朵（单面不同/渐变灰度分布图案）和非欧几里得板（双面不同/渐变灰度分布图案）。

[1046] Complex Shape Deformations of Homogeneous Poly( -Isopropylacrylamide)/Graphene Oxide Hydrogels Programmed by Local Nir Irradiation Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2017, 5(39): 7997-8003. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels, with programmable shape deformations upon external stimuli, have promising applications in diverse fields. Complex shape deformation through precise remote control of the direction, position and degree of deformation is critical for practical applications. Herein, we describe a novel and facile method that enables remote and instant programming of the deformation direction, position and degree of homogeneous poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/graphene oxide (PNIPAM/ GO) nanocomposite hydrogels through local near infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. Under NIR irradiation, GO nanosheets absorb NIR light, which transforms into heat and induces the phase transition of PNIPAM. Due to the slow heat transfer of the hydrogels, the irradiated part of the PNIPAM/GO hydrogels shrinks more than the un-irradiated part, leading to the folding or bending of the gels toward the irradiated part. The deformation degree of the hydrogels can be adjusted by changing the composition (e.g., GO concentration) or the thickness of the hydrogels and the irradiation parameters, including power density of NIR laser and irradiation time. Impressively, by simply programming the local irradiation on different parts of hydrogel strips, sheets and gel samples with other shapes, the hydrogel samples can undergo complex shape deformations from 1D to 2D and 2D to 3D, and imitate the postures of a human and the closing of the leaves of mimosa.
[1046] 通过局部近红外（NIR）照射程序化同质聚（-异丙基丙烯酰胺）/氧化石墨烯水凝胶的复杂形状变形 材料化学 B，2017，5(39)：7997-8003。对刺激响应性水凝胶而言，在外部刺激下具有可编程的形状变形，在多个领域具有广阔的应用前景。通过精确远程控制变形方向、位置和程度来实现复杂形状变形对于实际应用至关重要。在此，我们描述了一种新颖且简便的方法，通过局部近红外（NIR）激光照射，实现对同质聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)/氧化石墨烯（PNIPAM/GO）纳米复合水凝胶变形方向、位置和程度的远程和即时编程。在 NIR 照射下，GO 纳米片吸收 NIR 光，转化为热能并诱导 PNIPAM 的相变。由于水凝胶的热传递较慢，PNIPAM/GO 水凝胶的照射部分比未照射部分收缩更多，导致凝胶向照射部分折叠或弯曲。 水凝胶的变形程度可以通过改变组成（例如，GO 浓度）或水凝胶的厚度以及辐照参数（包括近红外激光功率密度和辐照时间）来调整。令人印象深刻的是，通过简单地编程对水凝胶条带、薄片和其他形状的凝胶样本的不同部分进行局部辐照，水凝胶样本可以从 1D 到 2D 以及从 2D 到 3D 进行复杂的形状变形，并模仿人类的姿势和含羞草叶的闭合。

[1047] Complex Shape Deformations of Homogeneous Poly( -Isopropylacrylamide)/Graphene Oxide Hydrogels Programmed by Local Nir Irradiation Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2017, 5(39): 7997-8003. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels, with programmable shape deformations upon external stimuli, have promising applications in diverse fields. Complex shape deformation through precise remote control of the direction, position and degree of deformation is critical for practical applications. Herein, we describe a novel and facile method that enables remote and instant programming of the deformation direction, position and degree of homogeneous poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/graphene oxide (PNIPAM/ GO) nanocomposite hydrogels through local near infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. Under NIR irradiation, GO nanosheets absorb NIR light, which transforms into heat and induces the phase transition of PNIPAM. Due to the slow heat transfer of the hydrogels, the irradiated part of the PNIPAM/GO hydrogels shrinks more than the un-irradiated part, leading to the folding or bending of the gels toward the irradiated part. The deformation degree of the hydrogels can be adjusted by changing the composition (e.g., GO concentration) or the thickness of the hydrogels and the irradiation parameters, including power density of NIR laser and irradiation time. Impressively, by simply programming the local irradiation on different parts of hydrogel strips, sheets and gel samples with other shapes, the hydrogel samples can undergo complex shape deformations from 1D to 2D and 2D to 3D, and imitate the postures of a human and the closing of the leaves of mimosa.
[1047] 通过局部近红外（NIR）照射程序化同质聚（-异丙基丙烯酰胺）/氧化石墨烯水凝胶的复杂形状变形 材料化学 B，2017，5(39)：7997-8003。对刺激响应性水凝胶而言，在外部刺激下具有可编程的形状变形，在多个领域具有广阔的应用前景。通过精确远程控制变形方向、位置和程度来实现复杂形状变形对于实际应用至关重要。在此，我们描述了一种新颖且简便的方法，通过局部近红外（NIR）激光照射，实现对同质聚（N-异丙基丙烯酰胺）/氧化石墨烯（PNIPAM/GO）纳米复合水凝胶变形方向、位置和程度的远程和即时编程。在 NIR 照射下，GO 纳米片吸收 NIR 光，转化为热能并诱导 PNIPAM 的相变。由于水凝胶的热传递较慢，PNIPAM/GO 水凝胶的照射部分比未照射部分收缩更多，导致凝胶向照射部分折叠或弯曲。 水凝胶的变形程度可以通过改变组成（例如，GO 浓度）或水凝胶的厚度以及辐照参数（包括近红外激光功率密度和辐照时间）来调整。令人印象深刻的是，通过简单地编程对水凝胶条带、薄片和其他形状的凝胶样本的不同部分进行局部辐照，水凝胶样本可以从 1D 到 2D 以及从 2D 到 3D 进行复杂的形状变形，并模仿人类的姿势和含羞草叶的闭合。

[1048] Real Time Thermal Monitoring of Lithium Batteries with Fiber Sensors and Thermocouples: A Comparative Study Measurement, 2017, 111: 260-263. This work shows a comparative study between the thermocouples and fiber sensors response for the monitoring of temperature variations occurring in three different locations of a lithium battery. The battery is submitted to constant current charge and different discharge rates, under normal and abusive operating conditions. For this specific application, the results show that the fiber Bragg grating sensors have better resolution and a rise time 28.2% lower than the K-type thermocouples, making them a better choice for the real time monitoring of the battery surface temperature as well as a useful tool for failure detection and an optimized management in batteries.
[1048] 基于光纤传感器和热电偶的锂离子电池实时热监测：比较研究 测量，2017，111：260-263。这项工作展示了热电偶与光纤传感器在监测锂离子电池三个不同位置温度变化响应的比较研究。电池在正常和滥用操作条件下，进行恒定电流充电和不同放电速率的测试。对于这个特定应用，结果表明光纤布拉格光栅传感器具有更好的分辨率，上升时间比 K 型热电偶低 28.2%，使其成为电池表面温度实时监测的更好选择，同时也是电池故障检测和优化管理的有用工具。

[1049] Biomaterials in Light Amplification Journal of Optics, 2017, 19(3). Biologically produced or inspired materials can serve as optical gain media, i.e. they can exhibit the. phenomenon of light amplification. Some of these materials, under suitable dye-doping and optical pumping conditions, show lasing phenomena. The emerging branch of research focused on obtaining lasing action in highly disordered and highly light scattering materials, i.e. research on random lasing, is perfectly suited for biological materials. The use of biomaterials in light amplification has been extensively reported in the. literature. In this review we attempt to report on progress in the. development of biologically derived systems able to show the phenomena of light amplification and random lasing together with the. contribution of our group to this field. The rich world of biopolymers modified with molecular aggregates and nanocrystals, and self-organized at. the. nanoscale, offers a. multitude of possibilities for. tailoring. luminescent and light scattering properties that are not easily replicated in conventional organic or inorganic materials. Of particular importance and interest are light amplification and lasing, or random lasing studies in biological cells and tissues. In this review we will describe nucleic acids and their. complexes employed as gain media due to their. favorable optical properties and ease of manipulation. We will report on research conducted on various biomaterials showing structural analogy to nucleic acids such as. fluorescent proteins, gelatins in which the first distributed feedback. laser was realized, and. also amyloids or silks, which, due to their. dye-doped fiber-like structure, allow for light amplification. Other materials that were investigated in that respect include polysaccharides, like starch exhibiting favorable photostability in comparison to other biomaterials, and. chitosan, which forms photonic crystals or cellulose. Light amplification and random lasing was not only observed in processed biomaterials but also in living cells and tissues or separated phase systems like phosphatydylcholine liposomes. All of the above-mentioned light amplification possibilities of biomaterials also have potential for several interesting applications in biology, medicine, sensing and imaging,. which. will be described and discussed in this review.
[1049] 生物材料在光放大领域的应用《光学杂志》，2017，19(3)。生物产生或受启发的材料可以作为光学增益介质，即它们可以表现出光放大的现象。在这些材料中，一些在适当的染料掺杂和光学泵浦条件下，显示出激光现象。新兴的研究分支专注于在高度无序和高度光散射材料中获得激光作用，即随机激光研究，非常适合生物材料。关于生物材料在光放大中的应用，文献中已有广泛报道。在本综述中，我们试图报告生物衍生系统能够同时表现出光放大和随机激光现象的进展，以及我们小组对该领域的贡献。经过分子聚集体和纳米晶体修饰、在纳米尺度上自组织的生物聚合物丰富的世界，为定制发光和光散射性质提供了多种可能性，这些性质在传统的有机或无机材料中难以复制。 特别重要且有趣的是光放大和激光，或生物细胞和组织的随机激光研究。在本综述中，我们将描述由于它们优良的光学性质和易于操控，被用作增益介质的核酸及其复合物。我们将报告关于各种生物材料的研究，这些材料在结构上类似于核酸，如荧光蛋白、实现了首次分布式反馈激光的明胶，以及由于它们的染料掺杂纤维状结构，允许光放大的淀粉样蛋白或丝绸。在处理过的生物材料中观察到光放大和随机激光，不仅在活细胞和组织中，也在分离的相系统如磷脂酰胆碱脂质体中。上述所有生物材料的激光放大可能性在生物学、医学、传感和成像等领域都具有潜在的应用价值。 该内容将在本综述中描述和讨论。

[1050] Photonic Scales of Beetle: Any Colour You Like Materials Today-Proceedings, 2017, 4(4): 4979-4986. The scales covering the elytra and thorax of the male Hoplia coerulea scarab beetle are a specific case of natural photonic structure encased by a fluid-permeable envelope. These scales display several optical effects including structural colouration, fluid-induced colour changes, fluorescence emission and fluid-induced fluorescence changes. Although the photonic structure is not directly exposed to the environment, optical changes are known to be induced by liquids and vapours. These changes are controlled by the envelope that mediates exchanges with the surrounding environment. The optical system comprising the photonic structure and the envelope was previously termed "photonic cell". Novel possibilities to develop functional photonic materials and smart coatings are offered by such a system through a bioinspired approach. This technological potential motivated us to analyse theoretically, through numerical simulations, the water-induced changes of optical properties of light emitters embedded in a photonic structure inspired by H. coerulea beetle's scales. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
;; 甲虫的光学尺度：任何你喜欢的材料——今日材料进展，2017，4(4)：4979-4986。覆盖雄性蓝铜蓝甲虫鞘翅和胸部的鳞片是自然光子结构被流体渗透性包膜封装的特例。这些鳞片表现出多种光学效应，包括结构色、流体诱导的颜色变化、荧光发射和流体诱导的荧光变化。尽管光子结构没有直接暴露于环境中，但已知光学变化是由液体和蒸汽引起的。这些变化由介导与周围环境交换的包膜所控制。由光子结构和包膜组成的光学系统以前被称为“光子细胞”。通过生物启发的方法，该系统为开发功能光子材料和智能涂层提供了新的可能性。这种技术潜力激励我们通过数值模拟，从理论上分析受水影响的嵌入在受蓝铜蓝甲虫鳞片启发的光子结构中的光发射器的光学性质变化。 (C) 2017 埃尔塞维尔有限公司。版权所有。

[1051] Photonic Shape Memory Polymer with Stable Multiple Colors ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2017, 9(37): 32161-32167. A photonic shape memory polymer film that shows large color response (similar to 155 nm) in a wide temperature range has been fabricated from a semi-interpenetrating network of a cholesteric polymer and poly(benzyl acrylate). The large color response is achieved by mechanical embossing of the photonic film above its broad glass transition temperature. The embossed film, as it recovers to its original shape on heating through the broad thermal transition, exhibits multiple structural colors ranging from blue to orange. The relaxation behavior of the embossed film can be fully described using a Kelvin-Voigt model, which reveals that the influence of temperature on the generation of colors is much stronger than that of time, thereby producing stable multiple colors.
[1051] 具有稳定多色性的光子形状记忆聚合物——ACS 应用材料与界面，2017，9(37)：32161-32167。一种由胆甾醇聚合物和聚（苄基丙烯酸酯）的半互穿网络制成的光子形状记忆聚合物薄膜，在宽温度范围内表现出大的颜色响应（类似于 155 nm）。通过在宽玻璃化转变温度以上的光子薄膜上进行机械压印，实现了大的颜色响应。当压印的薄膜在加热通过宽热转变恢复到原始形状时，表现出从蓝色到橙色的多种结构颜色。压印薄膜的弛豫行为可以用 Kelvin-Voigt 模型完全描述，这表明温度对颜色生成的影响远大于时间，从而产生稳定的多种颜色。

[1052] Morpho‐Butterfly‐Inspired Patterning of Helical Photonic Structures for Circular‐Polarization‐Sensitive, Wide‐Angle Diffuse Reflection Advanced Optical Materials, 2017, 5(7): 1601071.
[1052] 受蝴蝶形态启发的螺旋光子结构图案化——用于圆偏振敏感、宽角漫反射的高级光学材料，2017，5(7)：1601071。

[1053] An Optical Microplate Biosensor for the Detection of Methyl Parathion Pesticide Using a Biohybrid of Sp Cells-Silica Nanoparticles Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 2017, 87: 332-338. The previously developed Sphingomonas sp. based optical microplate biosensor for methyl parathion (MP) was good as it detected multiple samples but had poor stability and low sensitivity. The present study aims to overcome these limitations. Silica nanoparticles (Si NP) were thus functionalized with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and the functionalized silica nanoparticles (Si-f NP) were then integrated with Sphingomonas sp. cells. The process was optimized for hydrolysis of MP into p-nitrophenol (PNP). Integration of Si-f NP with cells was confirmed by FT-IR analysis. Biohybrid of Sphingomonas sp. Si-f NP was immobilized on the wells of microplate and associated directly with the optical transducer of microplate reader. Immobilized biohybrid of Sphingomonas sp.-Si-f NP was characterized using SEM. A detection range of 0.1-1 ppm MP was achieved from the linear range of calibration plot. After integration with Si-f NP the storage stability of biohybrid was enhanced ten times from 18 to 180 days. This study proves that after interaction of cells with fSi NP, improved the sensitivity and stability of the biosensor. Spiked samples were also analyzed and correlated using this biohybrid based biosensor. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
[1053] 基于 Sp 细胞-二氧化硅纳米颗粒生物传感器检测甲基对硫磷农药的光学微板生物传感器 & 生物电子学，2017，87：332-338。先前开发的基于鞘氨醇单胞菌的光学微板生物传感器对甲基对硫磷（MP）检测良好，但稳定性差，灵敏度低。本研究旨在克服这些限制。因此，二氧化硅纳米颗粒（Si NP）被功能化聚乙烯亚胺（PEI），然后功能化二氧化硅纳米颗粒（Si-f NP）与鞘氨醇单胞菌细胞整合。该过程优化了 MP 水解为对硝基苯酚（PNP）。通过 FT-IR 分析确认了 Si-f NP 与细胞的整合。鞘氨醇单胞菌 Si-f NP 生物杂化物固定在微孔板上，并直接与微板阅读器的光学传感器相关联。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对固定鞘氨醇单胞菌-Si-f NP 生物杂化物进行了表征。从校准曲线的线性范围内实现了 0.1-1 ppm MP 的检测范围。与 Si-f NP 整合后，生物杂化物的储存稳定性提高了十倍，从 18 天延长至 180 天。 本研究证明，细胞与 fSi NP 相互作用后，提高了生物传感器的灵敏度和稳定性。还使用基于生物混合的生物传感器分析了掺杂物样品，并进行了相关性分析。（C）2016 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[1054] Gold Nanoparticles 1d Array as Mechanochromic Strain Sensor Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2017, 192: 94-99. A new strategy to produce easily scalable patterned array of gold nanoparticles on flexible substrate is presented. Aligned gold nanoparticles 1D arrays deposited on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were produced by a combination of water-in-oil self-assembling and lift-off microprinting technique. Morphological and optical properties of the obtained structures were investigated by AFM, absorption and reflectance spectroscopy. The optical response of the structured elastomer in respect to uniaxial deformation was measured in order to assess its suitability as strain sensor. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
[1054] 金纳米颗粒 1D 阵列作为机械色变应变传感器材料化学与物理，2017，192：94-99。提出了一种在柔性基板上生产易于扩展的金纳米颗粒图案化阵列的新策略。通过水包油自组装和剥离微印刷技术的组合，在聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）上制备了排列整齐的金纳米颗粒 1D 阵列。利用原子力显微镜（AFM）、吸收和反射光谱研究了所得结构的形貌和光学特性。为了评估其作为应变传感器的适用性，测量了结构弹性体在单轴变形下的光学响应。（C）2017 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[1055] Deformable and Conformal Silk Hydrogel Inverse Opal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2017, 114(24): 6185-6190. Photonic crystals (PhCs) efficiently manipulate photons at the nanoscale. Applying these crystals to biological tissue that has been subjected to large deformation and humid environments can lead to fascinating bioapplications such as in vivo biosensors and artificial ocular prostheses. These applications require that these PhCs have mechanical durability, deformability, and biocompatibility. Herein, we introduce a deformable and conformal silk hydrogel inverse opal (SHIO); the photonic lattice of this 3D PhC can be deformed by mechanical strain. This SHIO is prepared by the UV cross-linking of a liquid stilbene/silk solution, to give a transparent and elastic hydrogel. The pseudophotonic band gap (pseudo-PBG) of this material can be stably tuned by deformation of the photonic lattice (stretching, bending, and compressing). Proof-of-concept experiments demonstrate that the SHIO can be applied as an ocular prosthesis for better vision, such as that provided by the tapeta lucida of nocturnal or deep-sea animals.
[1055] 可变形和等向性丝绸水凝胶逆光学晶体《美国国家科学院院刊》，2017，114(24)：6185-6190。光子晶体（PhCs）在纳米尺度上有效地操控光子。将这些晶体应用于经历大变形和潮湿环境的生物组织，可以导致令人着迷的生物应用，如体内生物传感器和人工眼角膜。这些应用要求这些 PhCs 具有机械耐用性、可变形性和生物相容性。在此，我们介绍了一种可变形和等向性丝绸水凝胶逆光学晶体（SHIO）；该 3D PhC 的光子晶格可以通过机械应变进行变形。这种 SHIO 是通过紫外交联液体苯乙烯/丝绸溶液制备的，以获得透明和弹性的水凝胶。该材料的伪光子带隙（pseudo-PBG）可以通过变形光子晶格（拉伸、弯曲和压缩）稳定调节。概念验证实验表明，SHIO 可以用作眼角膜假体，以改善视力，例如夜行性动物或深海动物的 tapeta lucida 所提供的视力。

[1056] Lynch J P, Piccolo V, Chiappini A, et al. Finite Difference Analysis and Experimental Validation of 3d Photonic Crystals for Structural Health Monitoring[C]. Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems 2017, 2017. [1057] Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles Embedded into Reduced Graphene Oxide-Alginate Beads for Efficient Chromium (Vi) Removal Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2017, 506: 633-643. Zero-valent iron nanoparticles (Fe-0 NPs) technologies are often challenged by poor dispersibility, chemical instability to oxidation, and mobility during processing, storage and use. This work reports a facile approach to synthesize Fe NPs embedded reduced graphene oxide-alginate beads (Fe@GA beads) via the immobilization of pre-synthesized Fe-0 NPs into graphene oxide modified alginate gel followed by a modelling and in-situ reduction process. The structure/composition characterization of the beads finds that the graphene sheets and the Fe-0 NPs (a shape of ellipsoid and a size of <100 nm) are uniformly dispersed within the alginate beads. We demonstrate that these Fe@GA beads show a robust performance in aqueous Cr(VI) removal. With a optimized Fe and alginate content, Fe@GA bead can achieve a high Cr(VI) removal efficiency and an excellent mechanical strength. The initial Cr(VI) concentration, ionic strength, temperature and especially solution pH are all critical factors to control the Fe@GA beads performance in Cr(VI) removal. Fitness of the pseudo second-order adsorption model with data suggests adsorption is the rate-controlling step, and both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm are suitable to describe the removal behavior. The possible Cr(VI) removal path by Fe@GA beads is put forward, and the synergistic effect in this ternary system implies the potentials of Fe@GA beads in pollutant removal from water body. 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
[1056] 林奇 JP，皮科洛 V，奇阿皮尼 A，等. 3D 光子晶体的有限元分析及实验验证[C]. 用于土木、机械和航空航天系统的传感器和智能结构技术 2017，2017. [1057] 将零价铁纳米颗粒嵌入到降低氧化石墨烯-海藻酸盐微球中，用于高效去除铬（VI）. 胶体与界面科学杂志，2017，506: 633-643. 零价铁纳米颗粒（Fe-0 NPs）技术通常面临分散性差、化学稳定性差、易氧化以及加工、储存和使用过程中的流动性问题。本研究报道了一种简便的方法，通过将预先合成的 Fe-0 NPs 固定在氧化石墨烯改性海藻酸盐凝胶中，然后进行建模和原位还原过程，来合成嵌入降低氧化石墨烯-海藻酸盐微球中的 Fe NPs（Fe@GA 微球）。对微球的结构/组成表征发现，石墨烯片和 Fe-0 NPs（椭球形，尺寸小于 100 nm）在海藻酸盐微球中均匀分散。我们证明这些 Fe@GA 微球在水溶液中去除 Cr(VI)表现出良好的性能。 通过优化 Fe 和海藻酸盐含量，Fe@GA 珠可以实现对 Cr(VI)的高效去除和优异的机械强度。初始 Cr(VI)浓度、离子强度、温度以及尤其是溶液 pH 值都是控制 Fe@GA 珠在 Cr(VI)去除中性能的关键因素。数据表明，伪二级吸附模型与数据拟合良好，表明吸附是速率控制步骤，Langmuir 和 Freundlich 吸附等温线都适合描述去除行为。提出 Fe@GA 珠去除 Cr(VI)的可能途径，该三元系统中的协同效应暗示了 Fe@GA 珠在水体污染物去除中的潜力。2017 Elsevier Inc.版权所有。

[1058] Rotating 1-D Magnetic Photonic Crystal Balls with a Tunable Lattice Constant Nanoscale, 2017, 9(27): 9548-9555. The responsive photonic crystal (RPC) balls with adjustable lattice constant and controllable rotation developed to date are all based on Janus particles of three dimensional (3-D) periodical structures, which suffer from color uneveness and asymmetric volume change, limiting the applications in the fields of encoding, sensing and displays. In this study, we have developed the first 1-D magnetic photonic crystal balls with tunable lattice constants by fixing collectively oriented periodical 1-D magnetic nanochain-like structures in responsive polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel balls under magnetic field (H) and UV irradiation. The structural colors of the balls are uniform on the entire ball and can be regulated by temperature (T) and solvents. The as-prepared RPC balls always retain a perfectly spherical shape even when the hydrogel volume changes with stimuli because of the low content of the included 1-D magnetic nanochain-like structures. This endows smooth rotation in the H direction to switch "on/off" their structural colors at various stimuli, as demonstrated by a colorful display application at temperature ranging from 10 to 35 degrees C. The as-developed RPC balls are expected to have promising potential applications in color display, rewritable signage, biological and chemical sensors owing to their excellent multi-response properties.
[1058] 可调晶格常数的旋转一维磁光子晶体球，2017，9(27)：9548-9555。迄今为止开发的具有可调晶格常数和可控旋转的响应性光子晶体（RPC）球均基于三维（3-D）周期性结构的 Janus 粒子，这些粒子存在颜色不均匀和体积不对称变化的问题，限制了其在编码、传感和显示领域的应用。在本研究中，我们通过在磁场（H）和紫外照射下将定向排列的一维磁纳米链状结构集体固定在响应性聚合物聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)水凝胶球中，开发出第一种具有可调晶格常数的一维磁光子晶体球。球的色彩在整个球体上均匀，可以通过温度（T）和溶剂进行调节。由于包含的一维磁纳米链状结构含量低，制备的 RPC 球即使在刺激下水凝胶体积发生变化时也能始终保持完美的球形。 这赋予了 H 方向上的平稳旋转，能够在各种刺激下切换其结构色的“开/关”，如 10 至 35 摄氏度范围内的彩色显示应用所示。由于 RPC 球具有优异的多响应特性，预计其在彩色显示、可擦写标牌、生物和化学传感器等领域具有广阔的应用前景。

[1059] Responsive Photonic Barcodes for Sensitive Multiplex Bioassay Nanoscale, 2017, 9(37): 14111-14117. Barcodes have a demonstrated value for multiplex high-throughput bioassays. The tendency of this technology is to pursue high sensitivity target screening. Herein, we presented a new type of inverse opal-structured poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) hydrogel photonic crystal (PhC) barcodes with the function of fluorescent signal self-amplification for the detection. During the bio-reaction process at body temperature, the pNIPAM hydrogel barcodes kept swelling, and their inverse opal structure with interconnected pores provided unblocked channels for the targets to diffuse into the voids of the barcodes and react. During the detection process, the barcodes were kept at a volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) to shrink their volume; this resulted in an obvious increase in the density of fluorescent molecules and signal amplification. It was demonstrated that the responsive barcodes could achieve the limits of detection (LOD) of a-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) at 0.623 ng mL(-1) and 0.492 ng mL(-1), respectively. In addition, the proposed barcodes showed good multiplex detection capacity with acceptable cross-reactivity, accuracy, and reproducibility, and the results were consistent with those of common clinical laboratory methods for the detection of clinical samples. These features of the inverse opal-structured responsive hydrogel barcodes indicate that they are ideal technology for high-sensitive multiplex bioassays.
[1059] 响应性光子条形码用于敏感多重生物分析纳米级，2017，9(37)：14111-14117。条形码在多重高通量生物分析中已显示出其价值。该技术的趋势是追求高灵敏度目标筛选。在此，我们提出了一种新型逆光学结构聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(pNIPAM)水凝胶光子晶体(PhC)条形码，具有荧光信号自增强检测功能。在体温下的生物反应过程中，pNIPAM 水凝胶条形码持续膨胀，其相互连通的孔隙结构为靶标扩散进入条形码空隙并反应提供了无阻塞通道。在检测过程中，将条形码保持在体积相变温度(VPTT)以缩小其体积；这导致荧光分子密度明显增加和信号放大。研究表明，响应性条形码分别能够达到甲胎蛋白(AFP)和癌胚抗原(CEA)的检测限(LOD)为 0.623 ng mL(-1)和 0.492 ng mL(-1)。 此外，所提出的条形码显示出良好的多重检测能力，具有可接受的交叉反应性、准确性和可重复性，且结果与常见临床实验室方法检测临床样本的结果一致。这些逆光学结构响应性水凝胶条形码的特性表明，它们是高灵敏度多重生物检测的理想技术。

[1060] Supramolecular Shape Memory Hydrogels: A New Bridge between Stimuli-Responsive Polymers and Supramolecular Chemistry Chemical Society Reviews, 2017, 46(5): 1284-1294. Supramolecular shape memory hydrogels (SSMHs) refer to shape memory polymers, in which temporary shapes are stabilized by reversible crosslinks such as supramolecular interactions and dynamic covalent bonds. Following a brief introduction of the conventional shape memory polymers (SMPs), this tutorial review is focused to summarize the recent advancement in various reversible crosslinks employed to construct SSMHs (supramolecular interactions and dynamic covalent bonds) and different shape memory behaviors (dual and triple shape memory effects). In addition, current challenges and future perspectives in this field are also discussed to suggest a new developing direction.
超分子形状记忆水凝胶：刺激响应聚合物与超分子化学之间的新桥梁 化学学会评论，2017，46(5)：1284-1294。超分子形状记忆水凝胶（SSMHs）是指通过可逆交联如超分子相互作用和动态共价键稳定临时形状的形状记忆聚合物。在简要介绍传统形状记忆聚合物（SMPs）之后，本教程综述旨在总结构建 SSMHs（超分子相互作用和动态共价键）所采用的各类可逆交联以及不同的形状记忆行为（双形状记忆和三形状记忆效应）。此外，还讨论了该领域的当前挑战和未来展望，以提出一个新的发展方向。

[1061] Colorimetric Sensor Arrays Based on Pattern Recognition for the Detection of Nitroaromatic Molecules Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2017, 326: 130-137. This research demonstrated that, in a colorimetric sensor array, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) and 4-nitrotoluene (4-MNT) were identifiable through a unique pattern in a qualitative and semi-quantitative manner. The adsorption capacity of the molecularly imprinted colloidal particles (MICs) for their corresponding templates was 0.27 mmol TNT/g, 0.22 mmol 2,6-DNT/g, 0.31 mmol 2,4-DNT/g and 0.16 mmol 4-MNT/g, respectively. Every optical sensor utilized in the arrays contained three-dimensional molecularly imprinted photonic crystal (MIPC) sensor with different imprinted templates. The intelligent materials can display different colors from green to red to 20 mM corresponding nitroaromatics with varying diffraction red shifts of 84 nm (TNT), 46 nm (2,6-DNT), 54 nm (2,4-DNT) and 35 nm (4-MNT), respectively. With the assistance of principal component analysis (PCA) and rational design, the sensor array can illustrate the influence of the nitryl quantity and generate a separate response region of nitroaromatics for pattern recognition with 95.25% of variance explained in the measurements by the first three principal components (PCs). The statistical analysis endowed the cross-reactive array with better classification and identification ability and this novel detection platform provided a wider applied range among other harmful chemicals in a simple sensor array with customized functionality. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
基于模式识别的硝基芳香族分子比色传感器阵列检测，《危险材料杂志》，2017，326：130-137。这项研究证明了在比色传感器阵列中，通过独特的模式可以定性及半定量地识别 2,4,6-三硝基甲苯（TNT）、2,6-二硝基甲苯（2,6-DNT）、2,4-二硝基甲苯（2,4-DNT）和 4-硝基甲苯（4-MNT）。分子印迹胶体粒子（MICs）对其相应模板的吸附容量分别为 0.27 mmol TNT/g、0.22 mmol 2,6-DNT/g、0.31 mmol 2,4-DNT/g 和 0.16 mmol 4-MNT/g。阵列中使用的每个光学传感器都包含具有不同印迹模板的三维分子印迹光子晶体（MIPC）传感器。智能材料可以显示从绿色到红色，对应于 20 mM 不同硝基芳香族化合物，具有不同的衍射红移，分别为 84 nm（TNT）、46 nm（2,6-DNT）、54 nm（2,4-DNT）和 35 nm（4-MNT）。 借助主成分分析（PCA）和理性设计，传感器阵列可以说明硝酰含量的影响，并为硝基芳香族化合物生成一个单独的响应区域，以进行模式识别，其中前三个主成分（PCs）解释了 95.25%的测量方差。统计分析赋予了交叉反应阵列更好的分类和识别能力，并且这个新型检测平台在具有定制功能的简单传感器阵列中，为其他有害化学物质提供了更广泛的适用范围。（C）2016 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[1062] Distribution of Reflection Spectrum for the Photonic-Crystal Structure of Morpho Butterfly Wing under Oblique Incidence Iet Optoelectronics, 2017, 11(6): 242-247. In this paper, the authors investigate the optical reflection phenomena of the periodic nanostructure of a Morpho butterfly wing under the oblique-incident light condition. Also, they discuss the simulation of butterfly wings under the view of an optical grating and photonic crystal by using rigorous coupled-wave analysis method and plane wave expansion, respectively. The simulation results show that the displaced lamella is the foremost condition of the reflection light having strong frequency stability under oblique incidence. Moreover, the modified photonic density of state is proposed to evaluate the reflection feature under oblique incidence.
[1062] 蝴蝶翅膀光子晶体结构在斜入射下的反射光谱分布 Iet 光电子学，2017，11(6)：242-247。在本文中，作者研究了在斜入射光条件下蝴蝶翅膀周期性纳米结构的光学反射现象。此外，他们分别利用严格的耦合波分析和平面波展开方法，从光学栅格和光子晶体的角度对蝴蝶翅膀进行模拟。模拟结果表明，偏振光下反射光具有强频率稳定性的前提是位移层板。此外，提出了改进的光子态密度来评估斜入射下的反射特性。

[1063] Shape-Memory Hydrogels: Evolution of Structural Principles to Enable Shape Switching of Hydrophilic Polymer Networks Accounts of Chemical Research, 2017, 50: 723.
[1063] 形状记忆水凝胶：从结构原理到实现亲水聚合物网络形状转换的演变 化学研究进展，2017，50：723。

[1064] Multimode Smartphone Biosensing: The Transmission, Reflection, and Intensity Spectral (Tri)-Analyzer Lab on a Chip, 2017, 17(19): 3246-3257. We demonstrate a smartphone-integrated handheld detection instrument capable of utilizing the internal rear-facing camera as a high-resolution spectrometer for measuring the colorimetric absorption spectrum, fluorescence emission spectrum, and resonant reflection spectrum from a microfluidic cartridge inserted into the measurement light path. Under user selection, the instrument gathers light from either the white "flash" LED of the smartphone or an integrated green laser diode to direct illumination into a liquid test sample or onto a photonic crystal biosensor. Light emerging from each type of assay is gathered via optical fiber and passed through a diffraction grating placed directly over the smartphone camera to generate spectra from the assay when an image is collected. Each sensing modality is associated with a unique configuration of a microfluidic "stick" containing a linear array of liquid chambers that are swiped through the instrument while the smartphone captures video and the software automatically selects spectra representative of each compartment. The system is demonstrated for representative assays in the field of point-ofcare (POC) maternal and infant health: an ELISA assay for the fetal fibronectin protein used as an indicator for pre-term birth and a fluorescent assay for phenylalanine as an indicator for phenylketonuria. In each case, the TRI-analyzer is capable of achieving limits of detection that are comparable to those obtained for the same assay measured with a conventional laboratory microplate reader, demonstrating the flexibility of the system to serve as a platform for rapid, simple translation of existing commercially available biosensing assays to a POC setting.
[1064] 多模智能手机生物传感：芯片上的传输、反射和强度光谱（三）分析仪，2017，17(19): 3246-3257。我们展示了一种智能手机集成式手持检测仪器，该仪器能够利用内部后置摄像头作为高分辨率光谱仪，测量插入测量光路中的微流控卡片的比色吸收光谱、荧光发射光谱和共振反射光谱。根据用户选择，仪器从智能手机的白色“闪光”LED 或集成绿色激光二极管收集光线，以对液体测试样品或光子晶体生物传感器进行定向照明。从每种检测类型中发出的光线通过光纤收集，并通过放置在智能手机摄像头正上方的衍射光栅传递，以在收集图像时生成检测光谱。 每种传感方式都与一个独特的微流控“棒”配置相关联，该“棒”包含一个线性排列的液体腔室，在智能手机捕捉视频的同时，通过仪器滑动，软件自动选择代表每个隔室的谱图。该系统在即时护理（POC）母婴健康领域的代表性检测中得到了演示：一种用于早产指标的胎儿纤连蛋白蛋白的 ELISA 检测，以及一种用于苯丙酮尿症指标的苯丙氨酸荧光检测。在每种情况下，TRI 分析仪都能达到与使用传统实验室微孔板阅读器测量的相同检测限，证明了该系统作为快速、简单地将现有商业生物传感检测转化为 POC 环境的平台的灵活性。

[1065] Functional Gradients and Heterogeneities in Biological Materials: Design Principles, Functions, and Bioinspired Applications Progress in Materials Science, 2017, 88: 467-498. Living organisms have ingeniously evolved functional gradients and heterogeneities to create high-performance biological materials from a fairly limited choice of elements and compounds during long-term evolution and selection. The translation of such design motifs into synthetic materials offers a spectrum of feasible pathways towards unprecedented properties and functionalities that are favorable for practical uses in a variety of engineering and medical fields. Here, we review the basic design forms and principles of naturally-occurring gradients in biological materials and discuss the functions and benefits that they confer to organisms. These gradients are fundamentally associated with the variations in local chemical compositions/constituents and structural characteristics involved in the arrangement, distribution, dimensions and orientations of the building units. The associated interfaces in biological materials invariably demonstrate localized gradients and a variety of gradients are generally integrated over multiple length-scales within the same material. The bioinspired design and applications of synthetic functionally graded materials that mimic their natural paradigms are revisited and the emerging processing techniques needed to replicate the biological gradients are described. It is expected that in the future bioinspired gradients and heterogeneities will play an increasingly important role in the development of high-performance materials for more challenging applications. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
[1065] 生物材料中的功能梯度与异质性：设计原理、功能与仿生应用——材料科学进展，2017，88：467-498。生物体在长期的进化与选择过程中，巧妙地演化出功能梯度和异质性，从相对有限的元素和化合物中选择，创造出高性能的生物材料。将这种设计模式转化为合成材料，为通往前所未有的性能和功能提供了多种可行的途径，这些性能和功能有利于各种工程和医学领域的实际应用。在此，我们回顾了生物材料中自然存在的梯度的基本设计形式和原理，并讨论了这些梯度为生物体带来的功能和益处。这些梯度与构成单元的排列、分布、尺寸和方向中涉及的局部化学组成/成分和结构特性的变化密切相关。 生物材料中的相关界面总是表现出局部梯度，并且多种梯度通常在同一材料内集成于多个长度尺度。回顾了模仿其自然范例的仿生设计和应用合成功能梯度材料，并描述了复制生物梯度的所需新兴加工技术。预计在未来，仿生梯度和异质性将在高性能材料的发展中发挥越来越重要的作用。（C）2017 Elsevier Ltd. 版权所有。

[1066] Functional Gradients and Heterogeneities in Biological Materials: Design Principles, Functions, and Bioinspired Applications Progress in Materials Science, 2017, 88: 467-498. Living organisms have ingeniously evolved functional gradients and heterogeneities to create high-performance biological materials from a fairly limited choice of elements and compounds during long-term evolution and selection. The translation of such design motifs into synthetic materials offers a spectrum of feasible pathways towards unprecedented properties and functionalities that are favorable for practical uses in a variety of engineering and medical fields. Here, we review the basic design forms and principles of naturally-occurring gradients in biological materials and discuss the functions and benefits that they confer to organisms. These gradients are fundamentally associated with the variations in local chemical compositions/constituents and structural characteristics involved in the arrangement, distribution, dimensions and orientations of the building units. The associated interfaces in biological materials invariably demonstrate localized gradients and a variety of gradients are generally integrated over multiple length-scales within the same material. The bioinspired design and applications of synthetic functionally graded materials that mimic their natural paradigms are revisited and the emerging processing techniques needed to replicate the biological gradients are described. It is expected that in the future bioinspired gradients and heterogeneities will play an increasingly important role in the development of high-performance materials for more challenging applications. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
[1066] 生物材料中的功能梯度与异质性：设计原理、功能及生物启发应用——材料科学进展，2017，88：467-498。生物体在长期的进化与选择过程中，巧妙地演化出功能梯度和异质性，从相对有限的元素和化合物中选择，创造出高性能的生物材料。将这种设计模式转化为合成材料，为通往前所未有的性能和功能提供了多种可行的途径，这些性能和功能有利于各种工程和医学领域的实际应用。在此，我们回顾了生物材料中自然存在的梯度的基本设计形式和原理，并讨论了这些梯度为生物体带来的功能和益处。这些梯度与构成单元的排列、分布、尺寸和方向中涉及的局部化学组成/成分和结构特性的变化密切相关。 生物材料中的相关界面总是表现出局部梯度，并且多种梯度通常在同一材料中集成在多个长度尺度上。回顾了模仿其自然范例的仿生设计和应用合成功能梯度材料，并描述了复制生物梯度所需的新兴加工技术。预计在未来，仿生梯度和异质性将在高性能材料的发展中发挥越来越重要的作用。（C）2017 Elsevier Ltd. 版权所有。

[1067] Humidity- and Photo-Induced Mechanical Actuation of Cross-Linked Liquid Crystal Polymers Advanced Materials, 2017, 29(9): 1604792. Azobenzene-containing cross-linked liquid crystal polymer films without hydrophilic groups exhibit dual-responsivity to humidity and UV light. The films realize not only a series of large and sophisticated contactless motions by utilizing moisture, including an inchworm walk, and tumbling locomotion, but also dual-mode actuation that can be applied in flexible electronics.
[1067] 湿度和光诱导的交联液晶聚合物机械驱动，先进材料，2017，29(9)：1604792。不含亲水基团的偶氮苯交联液晶聚合物薄膜对湿度和紫外光表现出双重响应。这些薄膜不仅通过利用水分实现了一系列大而复杂的非接触式运动，包括蚯蚓爬行和翻滚运动，而且还实现了可应用于柔性电子的双重模式驱动。

[1068] Humidity- and Photo-Induced Mechanical Actuation of Cross-Linked Liquid Crystal Polymers Advanced Materials, 2017, 29(9): 1604792. Azobenzene-containing cross-linked liquid crystal polymer films without hydrophilic groups exhibit dual-responsivity to humidity and UV light. The films realize not only a series of large and sophisticated contactless motions by utilizing moisture, including an inchworm walk, and tumbling locomotion, but also dual-mode actuation that can be applied in flexible electronics.
[1068] 湿度和光诱导的交联液晶聚合物机械驱动，先进材料，2017，29(9)：1604792。不含亲水基团的偶氮苯交联液晶聚合物薄膜对湿度和紫外光表现出双重响应。这些薄膜不仅通过利用水分实现了包括尺蠖行走和翻滚运动在内的一系列大范围和复杂的非接触式运动，而且还实现了可应用于柔性电子的双重模式驱动。

[1069] Feasibility of Gold-Plated Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors Used in Lithium Ion Battery in-Situ Detection Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2017, 54(4): 040602.
[1069] 金镀层光纤布拉格光栅传感器在锂离子电池原位检测中的应用可行性，激光与光电子学进展，2017，54(4)：040602。

[1070] Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based Immunosensor for High-Performance Detection of Alpha Fetoprotein Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 2017, 91: 431-435. We have developed a sensitive photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based immunosensor for detection of alpha fetoprotein (AFP). The unique PCF possesses a morphology characterized by numerous pore structures and a large surface area-to-volume ratio, which can be used as an immune-reaction carrier to improve the sensitivity and reaction speed of AFP detection. The PCF-based immunosensor possesses a low limit of detection of 0.1 ng/mL, which is five times lower than that of the capillary-based sensor and 35 times lower than that of the traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The wide linear dynamic range of 0.1-150 ng/mL makes the developed immunosensor suitable for clinical practice. The proposed method was successfully applied to AFP detection in a clinical serum sample with acceptable precision. It is indicated that the present PCF-based immunosensor could be used as an attractive analytical platform for sensitive and specific detection of cancer biomarkers.
[1070] 基于光子晶体光纤的α-胎蛋白免疫传感器用于高性能检测 生物传感器与生物电子学，2017，91：431-435。我们开发了一种灵敏的光子晶体光纤（PCF）基免疫传感器，用于检测α-胎蛋白（AFP）。独特的 PCF 具有由众多孔结构和大的表面积与体积比所表征的形态，可用作免疫反应载体，以提高 AFP 检测的灵敏度和反应速度。基于 PCF 的免疫传感器具有低检测限 0.1 ng/mL，比毛细管基传感器低五倍，比传统酶联免疫吸附测定低 35 倍。0.1-150 ng/mL 的宽线性动态范围使所开发的免疫传感器适用于临床实践。所提出的方法成功应用于临床血清样本中的 AFP 检测，精度可接受。表明目前基于 PCF 的免疫传感器可作为灵敏和特异性检测癌症生物标志物的有吸引力的分析平台。

[1071] Volatile Alcohol-Responsive Visual Sensors Based on P(Hema- -Ma)-Infiltrated Sio Inverse Opal Photonic Crystals Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2017, 5(24): 6071-6078. Functional molecule-infiltrated inverse opal photonic crystals can exhibit reversible photonic stopband shifts as a response to the external environment, which enables them to be promising chemical or biochemical sensors. The present study reports on a copolymer, poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-methyl acrylate), infiltrated SiO2 inverse opal as visual sensor for the detection of volatile alcohols vapors. The constructed sensor generates remarkable stopband red-shifts when exposed to an atmosphere of volatile alcohols. Particularly for isopropanol and butanol, a red-shift of more than 85 nm can be obtained and the color of the sensor changes from green to red, which can be observed by the naked eye. This can be attributed to the increased effective refractive index of the inverse opal caused by the diffusion and adsorption of alcohol molecules into the pores. This is based on a combination of a three-dimensional macroporous structure of the inverse opal and strong affinity of the copolymer to alcohols. The exposure to air can reactivate the sensor because of the volatilization and desorption of alcohols. The selectivity, sensitivity and the reusability of the sensor have been investigated by monitoring the reflectance spectra. The results demonstrate that the prepared sensor can be used as a promising candidate as visual sensors for detecting volatile alcohol vapors.
基于 P(Hema- -Ma)浸渗的 SiO2 逆胶体光子晶体挥发酒精响应视觉传感器 材料化学 C 杂志，2017，5(24): 6071-6078。功能分子浸渗的逆胶体光子晶体可以对外部环境产生可逆的光学带隙移动，这使得它们有望成为化学或生物化学传感器。本研究报道了一种共聚物，聚(2-羟基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯-甲基丙烯酸酯)，浸渗 SiO2 逆胶体作为检测挥发酒精蒸气的视觉传感器。该传感器在暴露于挥发酒精气氛中时产生显著的带隙红移。特别是对于异丙醇和丁醇，可以获得超过 85 nm 的红移，传感器的颜色从绿色变为红色，可以用肉眼观察到。这可以归因于酒精分子扩散和吸附到孔隙中引起的逆胶体的有效折射率的增加。这是基于逆胶体的三维大孔结构和共聚物对酒精的强亲和力的结合。 空气接触可以由于醇类的挥发和吸附而重新激活传感器。通过监测反射光谱，已经研究了传感器的选择性、灵敏度和可重复使用性。结果表明，制备的传感器可以作为检测挥发性醇蒸气的视觉传感器的有希望候选者。

[1072] Recent Advances in Imaging Systems and Photonic Nanostructures Inspired by Insect Eye Geometry Applied Spectroscopy Reviews, 2017, 53(2-4): 112-128.
[1072] 受昆虫眼几何形状启发的成像系统和光子纳米结构近期进展，光谱学评论，2017，53(2-4)：112-128。

[1073] Chameleon-Inspired Mechanochromic Photonic Films Composed of Non-Close-Packed Colloidal Arrays ACS Nano, 2017, 11(11): 11350-11357. Chameleons use a non-close-packed array of guanine nanocrystals in iridophores to develop and tune skin colors in the full visible range. Inspired by the biological process uncovered in panther chameleons, we designed photonic films containing a non-close-packed face-centered-cubic array of silica particles embedded in an elastomer. The non-close-packed array is formed by interparticle repulsion exerted by solvation layers on the particle surface, which is rapidly captured in the elastomer by photocuring of the dispersion medium. The artificial skin exhibits a structural color that shifts from red to blue under stretching or compression. The separation between inelastic particles enables tuning without experiencing significant rearrangement of particles, providing elastic deformation and reversible color change, as chameleons do. The simple fabrication procedure consists of film casting and UV irradiation, potentially enabling the continuous high-throughput production. The mechanochromic property of the photonic films enables the visualization of deformation or stress with colors, which is potentially beneficial for various applications, including mechanical sensors, sound-vision transformers, and color display.
基于非紧密堆积胶体阵列的变色龙灵感机械色光子薄膜 ACS 纳米，2017，11（11）：11350-11357。变色龙利用在虹膜中的非紧密堆积的鸟嘌呤纳米晶体来发展和调节全可见光范围内的皮肤颜色。受豹变色龙中发现的生物过程的启发，我们设计了一种含有非紧密堆积的面心立方阵列的二氧化硅颗粒的光子薄膜，这些颗粒被嵌入到弹性体中。非紧密堆积阵列是通过粒子表面的溶剂化层产生的粒子间排斥力形成的，这种排斥力通过分散介质的紫外固化迅速被弹性体捕获。人工皮肤表现出在拉伸或压缩下从红色到蓝色的结构色变化。非弹性粒子的分离使得在不经历显著的粒子重新排列的情况下进行调节，从而提供弹性变形和可逆的颜色变化，就像变色龙一样。简单的制造工艺包括薄膜浇铸和紫外照射，有可能实现连续的高通量生产。 光子薄膜的机械色变特性使得可以通过颜色来可视化形变或应力，这可能在各种应用中具有潜在益处，包括机械传感器、声视转换器和彩色显示器。

[1074] Tunable Temperature Response of a Thermochromic Photonic Gel Sensor Containing -Isopropylacrylamide and 4-Acryloyilmorpholine Sensors, 2017, 17(6). In this study, thermochromic photonic gels were fabricated using 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as a hydrogel building block, and 4-Acryloyl morpholine (ACMO) and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAM) as thermoresponsive monomers with different critical solution temperature behaviors. Rapid photopolymerization of opal-templated monomer mixtures of varying ACMO contents formed five individual thermochromic inverse opal photonic gels integrated on a single substrate. With temperature variation from 10 degrees C to 80 degrees C, the changes in reflective colors and reflectance spectra of the respective thermochromic gels were noted, and lambda(peak) changes were plotted. Because NIPAAM exhibits a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at 33 degrees C, the NIPAAM-only gel showed a steep slope for lambda(peak)/dT below 40 degrees C, whereas the slope became flatter at high temperatures. As the ACMO content increased in the thermochromic gel, the curve of lambda(peak)/dT turned out to be gradual within the investigated temperature range, exhibiting the entire visible range of colors. The incorporation of ACMO in NIPAAM-based thermochromic gels therefore enabled a better control of color changes at a relatively high-temperature regime compared to a NIPAAM-only gel. In addition, ACMO-containing thermochromic gels exhibited a smaller hysteresis of lambda(peak) for the heating and cooling cycle.
[1074] 含有-异丙基丙烯酰胺和 4-丙烯酰基吗啡啉的光子凝胶传感器的可调温度响应，2017，17(6)。在本研究中，使用 2-羟基乙基甲基丙烯酸甲酯（HEMA）作为水凝胶构建块，以及 4-丙烯酰基吗啡啉（ACMO）和 N-异丙基丙烯酰胺（NIPAAM）作为具有不同临界溶液温度行为的温敏单体，制备了热致变色光子凝胶。通过快速光聚合不同 ACMO 含量的空穴模板单体混合物，形成了五个单独的热致变色逆光子光子凝胶，集成在单个基板上。在 10°C 至 80°C 的温度变化下，记录了各自热致变色凝胶的反射颜色和反射光谱的变化，并绘制了λ(peak)变化曲线。由于 NIPAAM 在 33°C 时表现出较低的临界溶液温度（LCST），因此仅含 NIPAAM 的凝胶在低于 40°C 的λ(peak)/dT 下显示出陡峭的斜率，而在高温下斜率变得较平缓。 随着热致变色凝胶中 ACMO 含量的增加，λ(峰值)/dT 曲线在研究温度范围内呈现出逐渐变化，显示出整个可见光谱的颜色。因此，在 NIPAAM 基热致变色凝胶中引入 ACMO，与仅含 NIPAAM 的凝胶相比，在相对较高的温度范围内更好地控制了颜色变化。此外，含 ACMO 的热致变色凝胶在加热和冷却循环中表现出更小的λ(峰值)滞后效应。

[1075] Enhancement of Thermosensitivity of Gel-Immobilized Tunable Colloidal Photonic Crystals with Anisotropic Contraction Acs Macro Letters, 2017, 6(11): 1196-1200. A thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) circular gel film containing single-crystalline colloidal crystals was prepared, and the circular edge was pinched with washers to restrain the in-plane shrinkage of the gel film. Upon heating, the film shrunk in the thickness direction selectively, resulting in a change in the crystal structure of colloids embedded in the anisotropic shrunken gel. This led to the manipulation of the optical stop-band wavelength of the colloidal photonic crystals with a higher thermosensitivity and over a wider range of wavelengths covering a wide margin on either side of the visible-light region. The present method for enhancement of the sensitivity is very simple, and the principle should also be applicable to the gel-immobilized colloidal crystals that respond to stimuli other than temperature changes. The present findings contribute to the progress of practical applications of gel-immobilized colloidal photonic crystals as tunable photonic crystals and biological and chemical sensors.
[1075] 通过各向异性收缩增强凝胶固定可调胶体光子晶体的热敏性 Acs Macro Letters, 2017, 6(11): 1196-1200. 制备了一种含有单晶胶体晶体的热敏性聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)（PNIPAM）圆形凝胶薄膜，并用垫圈夹紧圆形边缘以限制凝胶薄膜的平面收缩。加热后，薄膜在厚度方向上选择性收缩，导致嵌入各向异性收缩凝胶中的胶体晶体结构发生变化。这导致了具有更高热敏性和更宽波长范围的光学截止波长调控，覆盖可见光区域两侧的广泛边缘。目前提高灵敏度的方法非常简单，其原理也应适用于对温度变化以外的刺激有响应的凝胶固定胶体晶体。 当前研究结果有助于凝胶固定胶体光子晶体作为可调光子晶体和生物化学传感器的实际应用进展。

[1076] Shape Memory Polymers Based on Supramolecular Interactions ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2017, 9(24): 20276-20293. Shape memory polymers (SMPs), with the capability to change from one or more temporary shapes to predetermined shapes in response to an external stimulus, have attracted much interest from both academia and industries. When introducing supramolecular interactions that have been featured as dynamic and reversible into the design of novel SMPs, intriguing and unique functionalities have been engendered and thereby broaden the potential applications of the SMPs to new territories. In this review, we summarize recent progress made in SMPs based on supramolecular interactions, provide insight into the material design and shape memory mechanism, elucidate and evaluate their properties and performance, and point out opportunities and applications of SMPs.
[1076] 基于超分子相互作用的形状记忆聚合物 ACS 应用材料与界面，2017，9(24)：20276-20293。具有从一种或多种临时形状转变为预定形状的能力的形状记忆聚合物（SMPs），在学术界和工业界都引起了极大的兴趣。当将具有动态和可逆性的超分子相互作用引入新型 SMPs 的设计中时，产生了有趣和独特的功能，从而拓宽了 SMPs 的应用范围。在本综述中，我们总结了基于超分子相互作用的 SMPs 的最新进展，对材料设计和形状记忆机制进行了深入分析，阐明了其性能和特性，并指出了 SMPs 的机会和应用。

[1077] Photonic Crystals: Emerging Biosensors and Their Promise for Point-of-Care Applications Chemical Society Reviews, 2017, 46(2): 366-388. Biosensors are extensively employed for diagnosing a broad array of diseases and disorders in clinical settings worldwide. The implementation of biosensors at the point-of-care (POC), such as at primary clinics or the bedside, faces impediments because they may require highly trained personnel, have long assay times, large sizes, and high instrumental cost. Thus, there exists a need to develop inexpensive, reliable, user-friendly, and compact biosensing systems at the POC. Biosensors incorporated with photonic crystal (PC) structures hold promise to address many of the aforementioned challenges facing the development of new POC diagnostics. Currently, PC-based biosensors have been employed for detecting a variety of biotargets, such as cells, pathogens, proteins, antibodies, and nucleic acids, with high efficiency and selectivity. In this review, we provide a broad overview of PCs by explaining their structures, fabrication techniques, and sensing principles. Furthermore, we discuss recent applications of PC-based biosensors incorporated with emerging technologies, including telemedicine, flexible and wearable sensing, smart materials and metamaterials. Finally, we discuss current challenges associated with existing biosensors, and provide an outlook for PC-based biosensors and their promise at the POC.
光子晶体：新兴生物传感器及其在即时检测应用中的前景 化学学会评论，2017，46(2)：366-388。生物传感器在全球临床环境中被广泛用于诊断各种疾病和紊乱。在即时检测（POC）点，如初级诊所或病床旁，实施生物传感器面临障碍，因为它们可能需要高度训练的人员、长的检测时间、大的尺寸和高昂的仪器成本。因此，需要开发在 POC 处经济、可靠、用户友好和紧凑的生物传感系统。结合光子晶体（PC）结构的生物传感器有望解决许多上述挑战，这些挑战面临新的 POC 诊断的发展。目前，基于 PC 的生物传感器已被用于检测各种生物靶标，如细胞、病原体、蛋白质、抗体和核酸，具有高效率和选择性。在本综述中，我们通过解释其结构、制造技术和传感原理，对 PC 进行了广泛概述。 此外，我们讨论了基于 PC 的生物传感器在新兴技术中的应用，包括远程医疗、柔性可穿戴传感、智能材料和超材料。最后，我们讨论了现有生物传感器所面临的挑战，并展望了基于 PC 的生物传感器及其在 POC 中的前景。

[1078] Advanced Materials for Use in Soft Self-Healing Devices Advanced Materials, 2017, 29(19). Devices integrated with self-healing ability can benefit from long-term use as well as enhanced reliability, maintenance and durability. This progress report reviews the developments in the field of self-healing polymers/composites and wearable devices thereof. One part of the progress report presents and discusses several aspects of the self-healing materials chemistry (from non-covalent to reversible covalent-based mechanisms), as well as the required main approaches used for functionalizing the composites to enhance their electrical conductivity, magnetic, dielectric, electroactive and/or photoactive properties. The second and complementary part of the progress report links the self-healing materials with partially or fully self-healing device technologies, including wearable sensors, supercapacitors, solar cells and fabrics. Some of the strong and weak points in the development of each self-healing device are clearly highlighted and criticized, respectively. Several ideas regarding further improvement of soft self-healing devices are proposed.
[1078] 用于软自修复设备的先进材料 先进材料，2017，29(19)。集成了自修复能力的设备可以从长期使用以及增强的可靠性、维护和耐用性中受益。本进展报告回顾了自修复聚合物/复合材料及其穿戴设备的领域发展。进展报告的一部分介绍了自修复材料化学的几个方面（从非共价到基于可逆共价机制的机制），以及用于功能化复合材料以增强其电导率、磁性、介电性、电活性以及/或光活性性能的主要方法。进展报告的第二部分和补充部分将自修复材料与部分或完全自修复的设备技术联系起来，包括可穿戴传感器、超级电容器、太阳能电池和织物。每个自修复设备发展中的优点和缺点都得到了明确突出和批评。提出了关于进一步改进软自修复设备的几个想法。

[1079] Versatile Functionalization of Polysaccharides Via Polymer Grafts: From Design to Biomedical Applications Accounts of Chemical Research, 2017, 50(2): 281-292. CONSPECTUS: Because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and unique bioactive properties, polysaccharides have been recognized and directly applied as excellent candidates for various biomedical applications. In order to introduce more functionalities onto polysaccharides, various modification methods were applied to improve the physical-chemical and biochemical properties. Grafting polysaccharides with functional polymers with limited reaction sites maximizes the structural integrity. To the best of our knowledge, great efforts have been made by scientists across the world, including our research group, to explore different strategies for the synthesis and design of controllable polymer-grafted polysaccharides. By the application of some reasonable strategies, a series of polymer-grafted polysaccharides with satisfactory biocharacteristics were obtained. The first strategy involves facile modification of polysaccharides with living polymerization (LRP). Functionalized polysaccharides with diverse grafts can be flexibly and effectively achieved. The introduced grafts include cationic components for nuclei acid delivery, PEGylated and zwitterionic moieties for shielding effects, and functional species for bioimaging applications as well as bioresponsive drug release applications. The second synthetic model refers to biodegradable polymer-grafted polysaccharides prepared by ring-opening polymerization (ROP). Inspired by pathways to introduce initiation sites onto polysaccharides, the use of amine-functionalized polysaccharides was explored in-depth to trigger ROP of amino acids. A series of poly(amino acid)-grafted polysaccharides with advanced structures (including linear, star shaped, and comb-shaped copolymers) were developed to study and optimize the structural effects. In addition, biodegradable polyester-grafted polysaccharides were prepared and utilized for drug delivery. Another emerging strategy was to design polysaccharide-based assemblies with supramolecular structures. A variety of assembly techniques using non-covalent interactions were established to construct different types of polysaccharide-based assemblies with various bioapplications. On the basis of these strategies, polymer-grafted polysaccharides with controllable functions were reported to be well-suited for different kinds of biomedical applications. The exciting results were obtained from both in vitro and in vivo models. Viewing the rapid growth of this field, the present Account will update the concepts, trends, perspectives, and applications of functionalized polysaccharides, guiding and inspiring researchers to explore new polysaccharide-based systems for wider applications.
[1079] 通过聚合物接枝的多糖多功能化：从设计到生物医药应用 化学研究杂志，2017，50(2)：281-292. 摘要：由于它们的生物相容性、生物降解性和独特的生物活性特性，多糖已被认可并直接应用于各种生物医药应用。为了在多糖上引入更多功能，采用了各种改性方法来改善其物理化学和生物化学性质。通过将具有有限反应位点的功能聚合物接枝到多糖上，最大化了结构完整性。据我们所知，包括我们研究组在内的全球科学家们付出了巨大努力，探索合成和设计可控聚合物接枝多糖的不同策略。通过应用一些合理的策略，获得了一系列具有满意生物特性的聚合物接枝多糖。第一种策略涉及通过活性聚合（LRP）对多糖进行简便改性。 功能化的多糖通过多种接枝可以灵活有效地实现。引入的接枝包括用于核酸递送的阳离子成分、用于屏蔽效果的 PEG 化和非离子型片段，以及用于生物成像应用和生物响应性药物释放应用的活性物种。第二个合成模型指的是通过开环聚合（ROP）制备的生物可降解聚合物接枝多糖。受在多糖上引入引发位点途径的启发，深入研究了胺基功能化多糖的使用以触发氨基酸的 ROP。开发了一系列具有高级结构（包括线性、星形和梳形共聚物）的聚（氨基酸）接枝多糖，以研究和优化结构效应。此外，还制备并利用了生物可降解聚酯接枝多糖进行药物递送。另一种新兴策略是设计具有超分子结构的基于多糖的组装体。 多种基于非共价相互作用的组装技术被建立起来，以构建具有各种生物应用的多种类型的基于多糖的组装体。在这些策略的基础上，报道了具有可控功能的聚合物接枝多糖非常适合各种生物医学应用。体外和体内模型均获得了令人兴奋的结果。鉴于该领域的快速增长，本文将更新功能化多糖的概念、趋势、观点和应用，引导和激发研究人员探索新的基于多糖的系统，以实现更广泛的应用。

[1080] Volatile Organic Compounds (Vocs) Source Profiles of on-Road Vehicle Emissions in China Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 607: 253-261. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) source profiles of on-road vehicles were widely studied as their critical roles in VOCs source apportionment and abatement measures in megacities. Studies of VOCs source profiles from on-road motor vehicles from 2001 to 2016 were summarized in this study, with a focus on the comparisons among different studies and the potential impact of different factors. Generally, non-methane hydrocarbons dominated the source profile of on-road vehicle emissions. Carbonyls, potential important components of vehicle emission, were seldom considered in VOCs emissions of vehicles in the past and should be paid more attention to in further study. VOCs source profiles showed some variations among different studies, and 6 factors were extracted and studied due to their impact to VOCs source profile of on-road vehicles. Vehicle types, being dependent on engine types, and fuel types were two dominant factors impacting VOCs sources profiles of vehicles. In comparison, impacts of ignitions, driving conditions and accumulated mileage were mainly due to their influence on the combustion efficiency. An opening and interactive database of VOCs from vehicle emissions was critically essential in future, and mechanisms of sharing and inputting relative research results should be formed to encourage researchers join the database establishment. Correspondingly, detailed quality assurance and quality control procedures were also very important, which included the information of test vehicles and test methods as detailed as possible. Based on the community above, a better uncertainty analysis could be carried out for the VOCs emissions profiles, which was critically important to understand the VOCs emission characteristics of the vehicle emissions. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
[1080] 中国道路车辆排放挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）源谱分析《环境科学总论》，2017，607：253-261。道路车辆 VOCs 源谱因其在大城市 VOCs 源解析和减排措施中的关键作用而受到广泛研究。本研究总结了 2001 年至 2016 年道路机动车 VOCs 源谱的研究，重点关注不同研究之间的比较和不同因素的影响。一般来说，非甲烷烃主导了道路车辆排放的源谱。羰基，作为车辆排放的潜在重要组成部分，在过去车辆 VOCs 排放中很少被考虑，应在进一步研究中给予更多关注。VOCs 源谱在不同研究中显示出一些差异，并因对道路车辆 VOCs 源谱的影响而提取并研究了 6 个因素。车型，依赖于发动机类型，以及燃料类型是影响车辆 VOCs 源谱的两个主要因素。 与点火、驾驶条件和累积里程的影响相比，这些影响主要归因于它们对燃烧效率的影响。建立开放和互动的车辆排放 VOCs 数据库在未来至关重要，应形成共享和输入相关研究结果的机制，以鼓励研究人员加入数据库的建立。相应地，详细的质量保证和质量控制程序也非常重要，包括尽可能详细的测试车辆和测试方法信息。基于上述社区，可以对 VOCs 排放特征进行更好的不确定性分析，这对于了解车辆排放的 VOCs 排放特性至关重要。（C）2017 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[1081] Highly Sensitive Mechanochromic Photonic Gel Towards Fast-Responsive Fingerprinting Rsc Advances, 2017, 7(53): 33258-33262. Mechanochromic photonic materials, which are periodic structures engineered with photonic stop bands, have attracted enormous interest because of their rapid change in color upon stimulation with mechanical force. Here, we develop a high-performance mechanochromic photonic gel based on magnetically assembled, carbon-encapsulated Fe3O4 nanoparticles embedded into a soft copolymer of Nhydroxymethyl acrylamide and N-vinylcaprolactam in which the content of carbon-encapsulated Fe3O4 is as low as 0.18 wt%. The photonic gel not only displays fast-dynamic and reversible color change from purple to red in a broad wavelength range (Delta lambda = 233 nm), but also maintains high mechanochromic sensitivity [Delta lambda/sigma = 53.1 nm (kPa)(-1)] and spatial resolution (less than 100 mm). By taking advantage of these remarkable merits, the photonic gel has been successfully applied in the identification of color fingerprints and ultra-fine hair resolution. Considering these outstanding achievements, we believe that our photonic gel will guide the development of mechanochromic materials and open an avenue towards the design of mechanical-optical devices.
[1081] 高灵敏度机械色光子凝胶用于快速响应指纹识别 Rsc Advances，2017，7(53)：33258-33262。机械色光子材料，通过光子带隙工程构建的周期性结构，由于在机械力刺激下颜色迅速变化而引起了极大的兴趣。在这里，我们开发了一种基于磁组装、碳封装 Fe3O4 纳米粒子的高性能机械色光子凝胶，这些纳米粒子嵌入到 N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺和 N-乙烯基己内酰胺的软共聚物中，其中碳封装 Fe3O4 的含量低至 0.18 wt%。该光子凝胶不仅显示出从紫色到红色在宽波长范围内（Δλ = 233 nm）的快速动态和可逆颜色变化，而且保持了高机械色灵敏度[Δλ/σ = 53.1 nm (kPa)(-1)]和空间分辨率（小于 100 μm）。利用这些显著优点，该光子凝胶已成功应用于颜色指纹识别和超细毛发分辨率。 考虑到这些卓越成就，我们相信我们的光子凝胶将引导机械变色材料的发展，并为机械光学器件的设计开辟一条途径。

[1082] Hofmeister Effect‐Assisted One Step Fabrication of Ductile and Strong Gelatin Hydrogels Advanced Functional Materials, 2017, 28(5).
[1082] 布氏效应辅助一步法制备柔韧且强度高的明胶水凝胶，先进功能材料，2017，28(5)。

[1083] Signal Integrity in Capacitive and Piezoresistive Single- and Multi-Axis Mems Gyroscopes under Vibrations Microelectronics Reliability, 2017, 75: 59-68. The work investigates effects of external mechanical vibrations, with a frequency up to 40 kHz, on the operation of micro-electromechanical gyroscopes of different architecture and sensing technology. The analyzed devices differ (i) in the number of sensing axes (one, two or three) per single drive frame, so in the number of resonant modes within the tested vibration range, and (ii) in the used sense transduction technology (parallel-plate capacitances or piezoresistive nano-gauges). After theoretically modeling effects of vibrations occurring around the frequency of in-plane and out-of-plane resonant modes, in presence of process imperfections and nonlinearities, the work benchmarks the predictions through an extensive experimental campaign: using a shaker, vibrations of controlled amplitude and frequency are applied, in operation, to the devices along both in-plane and out-of-plane axes. Results show that, within the tested sensors, the best tolerance to vibrations, quantitatively measured in terms of angle random walk (ARW) worsening, is achieved for single-axis structures based on piezoresistive sensing. Their ARW degrades in the worst case by 1.2 times, compared to a 230-fold degradation observed in 3-axis capacitive sensors. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
[1083] 振动下电容式和压阻式单轴和多轴 MEMS 陀螺仪的信号完整性研究，微电子可靠性，2017，75：59-68。该研究调查了外部机械振动（频率高达 40 kHz）对不同架构和传感技术微机电陀螺仪操作的影响。所分析的设备在以下方面有所不同：（i）每个驱动框架中传感轴的数量（一个、两个或三个），因此在不同振动范围内的共振模式数量；（ii）使用的传感转换技术（平行板电容或压阻式纳米应变计）。在理论上对平面内和垂直于平面共振模式周围的振动效应进行建模，考虑工艺缺陷和非线性，通过广泛的实验活动验证了预测：使用振动台，在操作过程中对设备沿平面内和垂直于平面轴施加可控幅度和频率的振动。 结果显示，在测试的传感器中，基于压阻传感的单轴结构的振动容忍度最佳，从角度随机游走（ARW）恶化的角度进行定量测量。在最坏的情况下，其 ARW 恶化了 1.2 倍，而 3 轴电容式传感器的 ARW 恶化了 230 倍。（C）2017 Elsevier Ltd. 版权所有。

[1084] Embedded Fiber-Optic Sensing for Accurate Internal Monitoring of Cell State in Advanced Battery Management Systems Part 2: Internal Cell Signals and Utility for State Estimation Journal of Power Sources, 2017, 341: 474-482. A key challenge hindering the mass adoption of Lithium-ion and other next-gen chemistries in advanced battery applications such as hybrid/electric vehicles (xEVs) has been management of their functional performance for more effective battery utilization and control over their life. Contemporary battery management systems (BMS) reliant on monitoring external parameters such as voltage and current to ensure safe battery operation with the required performance usually result in overdesign and inefficient use of capacity. More informative embedded sensors are desirable for internal cell state monitoring, which could provide accurate state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH) estimates and early failure indicators. Here we present a promising new embedded sensing option developed by our team for cell monitoring, fiber-optic (FO) sensors. High-performance large-format pouch cells with embedded FO sensors were fabricated. This second part of the paper focuses on the internal signals obtained from these FO sensors. The details of the method to isolate intercalation strain and temperature signals are discussed. Data collected under various xEV operational conditions are presented. An algorithm employing dynamic time warping and Kalman filtering was used to estimate state-of-charge with high accuracy from these internal FO signals. Their utility for high-accuracy, predictive state-of-health estimation is also explored. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
[1084] 嵌入式光纤传感技术在先进电池管理系统中对电池内部状态进行精确监测的关键挑战：第二部分：内部电池信号及其在状态估计中的实用性《电源杂志》，2017，341：474-482。阻碍锂离子和其他下一代化学电池在混合/电动汽车（xEVs）等先进电池应用中大规模采用的一个关键挑战，一直是管理其功能性能，以实现更有效的电池利用和对其寿命的控制。依赖于监测电压和电流等外部参数以确保安全电池运行并达到所需性能的现代电池管理系统（BMS）通常会导致过度设计和容量利用效率低下。对于内部电池状态监测，需要更信息丰富的嵌入式传感器，这些传感器可以提供准确的充电状态（SOC）和健康状态（SOH）估计以及早期故障指示器。在此，我们展示了我们团队为电池监测开发的一种有希望的新的嵌入式传感选项——光纤（FO）传感器。制造了具有嵌入式 FO 传感器的高性能大尺寸软包电池。 本文的第二部分专注于从这些 FO 传感器获得的内部信号。讨论了隔离插入应变和温度信号的方法细节。展示了在各种 xEV 运行条件下的数据。使用动态时间扭曲和卡尔曼滤波算法，从这些内部 FO 信号中高精度地估计了荷电状态。还探讨了它们在实现高精度、预测性健康状态估计方面的效用。（C）2016 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[1085] Hierarchically Structured Photonic Crystals for Integrated Chemical Separation and Colorimetric Detection Nanoscale, 2017, 9(7): 2457-2463. A SiO2 colloidal photonic crystal film with a hierarchical porous structure is fabricated to demonstrate an integrated separation and colorimetric detection of chemical species for the first time. This new photonic crystal based thin layer chromatography process requires no dyeing, developing and UV irradiation compared to the traditional TLC. The assembling of mesoporous SiO2 particles via a supersaturation-induced-precipitation process forms uniform and hierarchical photonic crystals with micron-scale cracks and mesopores, which accelerate the diffusion of developers and intensify the adsorption/desorption between the analytes and silica for efficient separation. Meanwhile, the chemical substances infiltrated to the voids of photonic crystals cause an increase of the refractive index and a large contrast of structural colors towards the unloaded part, so that the sample spots can be directly recognized with the naked eye before and after separation.
[1085] 分级结构光子晶体用于集成化学分离和比色检测纳米尺度，2017，9(7)：2457-2463。制备了一种具有分级多孔结构的光子晶体二氧化硅胶体薄膜，首次实现了化学物种的集成分离和比色检测。与传统的薄层色谱相比，这种基于光子晶体的薄层色谱过程无需染色、显影和紫外照射。通过过饱和诱导沉淀过程组装介孔二氧化硅颗粒，形成具有微米级裂纹和介孔的均匀分级光子晶体，加速显影剂的扩散并增强分析物与二氧化硅之间的吸附/解吸，从而实现高效分离。同时，渗透到光子晶体空隙中的化学物质导致折射率的增加和结构颜色的强烈对比，使得分离前后样品点可以直接用肉眼识别。

[1086] Preliminary Study on Integration of Fiber Optic Bragg Grating Sensors in Li-Ion Batteries and in Situ Strain and Temperature Monitoring of Battery Cells Energies, 2017, 10(7): 838. Current commercial battery management systems (BMSs) do not provide adequate information in real time to mitigate issues of battery cells such as thermal runway. This paper explores and evaluates the integration of fiber optic Bragg grating (FBG) sensors inside lithium-ion battery (LiB) coin cells. Strain and internal and external temperatures were recorded using FBG sensors, and the battery cells were evaluated at a cycling C/20 rate. The preliminary results present scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of electrode degradation upon sensor integration and the systematic process of sensor integration to eliminate degradation in electrodes during cell charge/discharge cycles. Recommendation for successful FBG sensor integration is given, and the strain and temperature data is presented. The FBG sensor was placed on the inside of the coin cell between the electrodes and the separator layers towards the most electrochemically active area. On the outside, the temperature of the coin cell casing as well as the ambient temperature was recorded. Results show stable strain behavior within the cell and about 10 degrees C difference between the inside of the coin cell and the ambient environment over time during charging/discharging cycles. This study is intended to contribute to the safe integration of FBG sensors inside hermetically sealed batteries and to detection of real-time temperature and strain gradient inside a cell, ultimately improving reliability of current BMSs.
[1086] 针对锂离子电池中光纤布拉格光栅传感器集成及其电池单元原位应变和温度监测的初步研究 能源，2017，10(7): 838。当前商业电池管理系统（BMS）无法提供足够的信息以实时缓解电池单元如热失控等问题。本文探讨了评估锂离子电池（LiB）纽扣电池内部光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）传感器的集成。使用 FBG 传感器记录应变和内部及外部温度，并在 C/20 的循环速率下评估电池单元。初步结果展示了传感器集成后电极退化的扫描电子显微镜（SEM）图像以及消除电池充放电循环中电极退化的传感器集成系统过程。给出了成功集成 FBG 传感器的建议，并展示了应变和温度数据。FBG 传感器放置在纽扣电池内部，位于电极和隔膜层之间，朝向最电化学活跃的区域。 在外部，记录了纽扣电池外壳的温度以及环境温度。结果显示，在充电/放电周期内，电池内部表现出稳定的应变行为，并且纽扣电池内部与周围环境之间的温差约为 10 摄氏度。本研究旨在为将 FBG 传感器安全集成到密封电池中做出贡献，并检测电池内部的实时温度和应变梯度，最终提高当前 BMS 的可靠性。

[1087] A Bioinspired Poly( -Isopropylacrylamide)/Silver Nanocomposite as a Photonic Crystal with Both Optical and Thermal Responses Nanoscale, 2017, 9(35): 12969-12975. Responsive photonic crystals (PCs) would exhibit reversible changes in reflectance wavelength under external stimuli. Generally, external stimuli are applied, which would result in the variation of the photonic band gap. Internal stimuli would be more attractive for not destroying the hierarchical structures. Herein, we report a straightforward way to fabricate an optically induced thermo-responsive PC for the first time by coating butterfly wing scales with thermo-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) with Ag nanoparticles formed in situ. As optic-thermo converters, Ag nanoparticles can convert light into thermal energy because of their surface plasmon resonance properties. The increase in temperature resulted in the phase transition of the PNIPAm coating on the wing scales, leading to the change of the bioinspired PC structure. Correspondingly, a blue shift in reflectance wavelength was detected for the obtained PC. Interestingly, a reversible optical thermo-responsive performance was observed through controlling the light source. This strategy is believed to be applied in other internal stimuli-responsive PCs with attractive properties, with the combination of various noble particles and a wide range of hierarchical photonic structures in nature.
[1087] 一种生物启发性的聚（-异丙基丙烯酰胺）/银纳米复合材料作为具有光学和热响应的光子晶体 纳米尺度，2017，9(35)：12969-12975。响应性光子晶体（PC）会在外部刺激下表现出反射波长的可逆变化。通常，外部刺激会导致光子带隙的变化。内部刺激更具吸引力，因为它不会破坏分层结构。在此，我们首次报道了一种简单的方法，通过在蝴蝶翅膀鳞片上涂覆热敏感的聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)（PNIPAm）和原位形成的银纳米颗粒，来制备光诱导热响应 PC。作为光-热转换器，银纳米颗粒由于其表面等离子体共振特性，可以将光能转换为热能。温度的升高导致翅膀鳞片上的 PNIPAm 涂层的相变，从而引起生物启发 PC 结构的改变。相应地，检测到获得的 PC 的反射波长发生了蓝移。 有趣的是，通过控制光源观察到可逆的光学热响应性能。这种策略被认为可以应用于其他具有吸引力的性质的内部刺激响应聚合物晶体，结合了各种贵金属颗粒和自然界中广泛存在的分层光子结构。

[1088] Use of Population Exposure Frequency Distributions to Simulate Effects of Policy Interventions on No Exposure Atmospheric Environment, 2017, 150: 1-14. Health effects of air pollution on individuals depend on their personal exposure, but few modelling tools are available which can predict how the distribution of personal exposures within a city will change in response to policies to reduce emissions both indoors and outdoors. We describe a new probabilistic modelling framework (INDAIR-2/EXPAIR), which provides predictions of the personal exposure frequency distribution (PEFD) across a city to assess the effects of both reduced emissions from home sources and reduced roadside concentrations on population exposure. The model uses a national time activity database, which gives the percentage of each population group in different residential and nonresidential micro-environments, and links this, for the home, to predictions of concentrations from a three-compartment model, and for non-residential microenvironments to empirical indoor/outdoor ratios. This paper presents modelled PEFDs for NO2 in the city of Leicester, for children, the elderly, and office workers, comparing results in different seasons and on different days of the week. While the mean NO2 population exposure was close to, or below the urban background concentration, the 95%ile of the PEFD was well above the urban background concentration. The relationship between both mean and 95% ile PEFD and urban background concentrations was strongly influenced by air exchange rate. The 24 h mean PEFD showed relative small differences between the population groups, with both removal of home sources and reductions of roadside concentrations on roads with a high traffic density having similar effects in reducing mean exposure. In contrast, the 1 h maximum of the PEFD was significantly higher for children and the elderly than for office workers, and showed a much greater response to reduced home emissions in these groups. The results demonstrate the importance of understanding the dynamics of NO2 exposure at a population level within different groups, if the benefits of policy interventions are to be accurately assessed. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
[1088] 使用人口暴露频率分布模拟政策干预对无暴露大气环境的影响，2017，150：1-14。空气污染对个人的健康影响取决于其个人暴露程度，但很少有建模工具可以预测城市内部个人暴露分布如何响应室内外减排政策的变化。我们描述了一个新的概率建模框架（INDAIR-2/EXPAIR），该框架提供城市个人暴露频率分布（PEFD）的预测，以评估家庭来源减排和道路旁浓度降低对人群暴露的影响。该模型使用国家时间活动数据库，该数据库提供了不同住宅和非住宅微观环境中的每个人口群体的百分比，并将家庭与三室模型浓度的预测相联系，对于非住宅微观环境则与经验室内/室外比率相联系。 本文提出了莱斯特市 NO2 的模型化 PEFDs，针对儿童、老年人和办公室工作人员，比较了不同季节和不同工作日的成果。尽管平均 NO2 人群暴露量接近或低于城市背景浓度，但 95%PEFD 的百分位数远高于城市背景浓度。平均和 95%百分位数 PEFD 与城市背景浓度的关系受到空气交换率的强烈影响。24 小时平均 PEFD 在人群组之间表现出相对较小的差异，去除家庭来源和降低交通密度高的道路上的路边浓度对降低平均暴露量有相似的影响。相比之下，PEFD 的 1 小时最大值对于儿童和老年人比办公室工作人员显著更高，并且对这些群体减少家庭排放的反应更大。结果表明，如果要对政策干预的好处进行准确评估，了解不同群体中 NO2 暴露的动态变化在人群水平上的重要性。版权所有（C）2016 Elsevier Ltd。

[1089] Cholesteric Film of Cu(Ii)-Doped Cellulose Nanocrystals for Colorimetric Sensing of Ammonia Gas Carbohydrate Polymers, 2017, 174: 531-539. With the increasing demand of environmental monitoring for toxic and odorous ammonia gas it is desired to develop specific green, cost-effective and in situ passive colorimetric alternatives to current complex instrumentations. In this work, we designed an ammonia gas sensor based on cholesteric liquid crystal films of copper(II)-doped cellulose nanocrystals (CNCCu(II)) whose structure, optical and sensing properties were investigated. The hybrid films using the low doping Cu(II) as a color-tuning agent inherited the chiral nematic signature and optical activity of CNCs, suggesting a strong chelation between copper ions and negatively charged CNCs. The sensing performance illustrates that the CNCCu(II)125 film was sensitive to ammonia gas which could merge into nematic layers of CNCs and trigger-sensed to copper ions chelated on CNCs, consequently arousing a red-shift of reflective wavelength as well as an effective colorimetric transition. Such a hybrid film is anticipated to boost a new gas sensing regime for fast and effective on-site qualitative investigations.
[1089] 铜掺杂纤维素纳米晶体胆甾相薄膜用于氨气气相色谱传感，碳水化合物聚合物，2017，174：531-539。随着对环境监测中具有毒性和恶臭的氨气需求的增加，开发特定绿色、经济高效且原位被动气相色谱替代品的需求日益迫切。在本研究中，我们设计了一种基于铜(II)掺杂纤维素纳米晶体（CNCCu(II)）胆甾相液晶薄膜的氨气传感器，对其结构、光学和传感性能进行了研究。使用低掺杂 Cu(II)作为调色剂的混合薄膜继承了 CNCs 的手性向列相特征和光学活性，表明铜离子与带负电荷的 CNCs 之间存在强烈的螯合作用。传感性能表明，CNCCu(II)125 薄膜对氨气敏感，可以融入 CNCs 的向列相层中，并触发与 CNCs 上螯合的铜离子传感，从而引起反射波长的红移以及有效的气相色谱转变。 此类混合电影预计将推动一种新的气体传感机制，以实现快速有效的现场定性调查。

[1090] Charged Poly( -Isopropylacrylamide) Nanogels for Use as Differential Protein Receptors in a Turbidimetric Sensor Array Analyst, 2017, 142(17): 3183-3193. Due to the high cost and environmental instability of antibodies, there is precedent for developing synthetic molecular recognition agents for use in diagnostic sensors. While these materials typically have lower specificity than antibodies, their cross-reactivity makes them excellent candidates for use in differential sensing routines. In the current work, we design a set of charge-containing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) nanogels for use as differential protein receptors in a turbidimetric sensor array. Specifically, NIPAM was copolymerized with methacrylic acid and modified via carbodiimide coupling to introduce sulfate, guanidinium, secondary amine, or primary amine groups. Modification of the ionizable groups in the network changed the physicochemical and protein binding properties of the nanogels. For high affinity protein-polymer interactions, turbidity of the nanogel solution increased, while for low affinity interactions minimal change in turbidity was observed. Thus, relative turbidity was used as input for multivariate analysis. Turbidimetric assays were performed in two buffers of different pH (i.e., 7.4 and 5.5), but comparable ionic strength, in order to improve differentiation. Using both buffers, it was possible to achieve 100% classification accuracy of eleven model protein biomarkers with as few as two of the nanogel receptors. Additionally, it was possible to detect changes in lysozyme concentration in a simulated tear fluid using the turbidimetric sensor array.
[1090] 用于浊度计传感器阵列中作为差异蛋白受体的带电聚（-异丙基丙烯酰胺）纳米凝胶 分析师，2017，142(17)：3183-3193。由于抗体成本高且环境稳定性差，开发用于诊断传感器的合成分子识别剂已有先例。虽然这些材料的特异性通常低于抗体，但它们的交叉反应性使它们成为用于差异传感程序的理想候选者。在当前工作中，我们设计了一套用于浊度计传感器阵列中作为差异蛋白受体的含电荷聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)（PNIPAM）纳米凝胶。具体来说，NIPAM 与甲基丙烯酸共聚，并通过碳二亚胺偶联进行改性，引入硫酸根、胍基、次级胺或初级胺基团。网络中可电离基团的改性改变了纳米凝胶的物理化学性质和蛋白质结合特性。对于高亲和力蛋白-聚合物相互作用，纳米凝胶溶液的浊度增加，而对于低亲和力相互作用，浊度变化最小。 因此，相对浊度被用作多元分析输入。在两种不同 pH 值（即 7.4 和 5.5）但离子强度相当的缓冲液中进行了浊度测定，以提高区分度。使用这两种缓冲液，仅使用两个纳米凝胶受体即可实现 11 个模型蛋白生物标志物的 100%分类准确率。此外，还可能使用浊度传感器阵列检测模拟泪液中溶菌酶浓度的变化。

[1091] Analyte-Responsive Hydrogels: Intelligent Materials for Biosensing and Drug Delivery Accounts of Chemical Research, 2017, 50(2): 170-178. CONSPECTUS: Nature has mastered the art of molecular recognition. For example, using synergistic non-covalent interactions, proteins can distinguish between molecules and bind a partner with incredible affinity and specificity. Scientists have developed, and continue to develop, techniques to investigate and better understand molecular recognition. As a consequence, analyte-responsive hydrogels that mimic these recognitive processes have emerged as a class of intelligent materials. These materials are unique not only in the type of analyte to which they respond but also in how molecular recognition is achieved and how the hydrogel responds to the analyte. Traditional intelligent hydrogels can respond to environmental cues such as pH, temperature, and ionic strength. The functional monomers used to make these hydrogels can be varied to achieve responsive behavior. For analyte-responsive hydrogels, molecular recognition can also be achieved by incorporating biomolecules with inherent molecular recognition properties (e.g., nucleic acids, peptides, enzymes, etc.) into the polymer network. Furthermore, in addition to typical swelling/syneresis responses, these materials exhibit unique responsive behaviors, such as gel assembly or disassembly, upon interaction with the target analyte. With the diverse tools available for molecular recognition and the ability to generate unique responsive behaviors, analyte-responsive hydrogels have found great utility in a wide range of applications. In this Account, we discuss strategies for making four different classes of analyte-responsive hydrogels, specifically, non imprinted, molecularly imprinted, biomolecule-containing, and enzymatically responsive hydrogels. Then we explore how these materials have been incorporated into sensors and drug delivery systems, highlighting examples that demonstrate the versatility of these materials. For example, in addition to the molecular recognition properties of analyte-responsive hydrogels, the physicochemical changes that are induced upon analyte binding can be exploited to generate a detectable signal for sensing applications. As research in this area has grown, a number of creative approaches for improving the selectivity and sensitivity (i.e., detection limit) of these sensors have emerged. For applications in drug delivery systems, therapeutic release can be triggered by competitive molecular interactions or physicochemical changes in the network. Additionally, including degradable units within the network can enable sustained and responsive therapeutic release. Several exciting examples exploiting the analyte-responsive behavior of hydrogels for the treatment of cancer, diabetes, and irritable bowel syndrome are discussed in detail. We expect that creative and combinatorial approaches used in the design of analyte-responsive hydrogels will continue to yield materials with great potential in the fields of sensing and drug delivery.
分析响应水凝胶：用于生物传感和药物输送的智能材料 化学研究进展，2017，50(2)：170-178. 摘要：自然界已经掌握了分子识别的技艺。例如，通过协同非共价相互作用，蛋白质可以区分分子并与其伴侣以惊人的亲和力和特异性结合。科学家们已经开发，并且仍在开发，研究分子识别和更好地理解分子识别的技术。因此，模仿这些识别过程的分析响应水凝胶已成为一类智能材料。这些材料不仅在它们响应的检测物类型上独特，而且在分子识别的实现方式和水凝胶对检测物的响应方式上也是独特的。传统的智能水凝胶可以响应环境线索，如 pH 值、温度和离子强度。用于制造这些水凝胶的功能性单体可以变化，以达到响应行为。 对于响应分析物的水凝胶，通过将具有固有分子识别特性的生物分子（如核酸、肽、酶等）引入聚合物网络，也可以实现分子识别。此外，除了典型的溶胀/收缩响应外，这些材料在与目标分析物相互作用时表现出独特的响应行为，如凝胶组装或解聚。凭借可用的多种分子识别工具和产生独特响应行为的能力，响应分析物水凝胶在广泛的应用中显示出极大的实用性。在本篇综述中，我们讨论了制备四种不同类别的响应分析物水凝胶的策略，具体为非印迹、分子印迹、含生物分子和酶响应水凝胶。然后我们探讨了这些材料如何被纳入传感器和药物递送系统，并突出展示了这些材料的多功能性。 例如，除了分析物响应水凝胶的分子识别特性外，分析物结合引起的物理化学变化还可以被利用来生成用于传感应用的检测信号。随着该领域研究的增长，许多提高这些传感器选择性（即检测限）和灵敏度的创新方法应运而生。在药物输送系统应用中，可以通过竞争性分子相互作用或网络中的物理化学变化来触发治疗性释放。此外，在网络中包含可降解单元可以实现持续和响应性的治疗性释放。本文详细讨论了利用水凝胶的分析物响应行为治疗癌症、糖尿病和肠易激综合症的几个令人兴奋的例子。我们预计，在分析物响应水凝胶的设计中使用的创新和组合方法将继续产生在传感和药物输送领域具有巨大潜力的材料。

[1092] Bioinspired Stimuli-Responsive Multilayer Film Made of Silk–Titanate Nanocomposites Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2017, 5(16): 3924-3931.
[1092] 蚕丝-钛酸酯纳米复合材料制备的生物启发刺激响应多层薄膜 材料化学 C，2017，5(16)：3924-3931

[1093] Characterization of Konjac Glucomannan-Gelatin Ipn Physical Hydrogel Scaffold 4th International Conference on Advanced Composite Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 2017, 2017, 207: 012029. A novel IPN hydrogel scaffold is prepared by freeze-drying method, in which konjac galactomannan (KGM) and gelatin are physically crosslinked respectively. This scaffold is thermostable, and the structure of this scaffold is analysed by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, and X-ray diffraction method. The FT-IR results show that hydrogen bonds are formed between KGM and gelatin molecules, which hinder the formation of their respective crosslinking. This is consistent with the XRD results that the crystallinity gets lower in the IPN gels compared with pure gelatin and KGM gels. The morphologies of freeze-dried hydrogels are observed by SEM and the mechanical properties of the scaffolds are tested to analyse the relationship between the structures and properties. Although this novel IPN hydrogel is physical gel, it shows rubber-like performance as chemical gels. And it is nontoxic, so it can be used as the scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering that embedded in human bodies.
[1093] 魔芋甘露聚糖-明胶互穿网络水凝胶支架表征 第 4 届先进复合材料与制造工程国际会议 2017，2017，207：012029。通过冷冻干燥法制备了一种新型的互穿网络水凝胶支架，其中魔芋甘露聚糖（KGM）和明胶分别进行物理交联。该支架具有热稳定性，其结构通过扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱和 X 射线衍射方法进行分析。FT-IR 结果表明，KGM 和明胶分子之间形成了氢键，阻碍了它们各自的交联形成。这与 XRD 结果一致，即与纯明胶和 KGM 凝胶相比，互穿网络凝胶的结晶度降低。通过 SEM 观察冷冻干燥水凝胶的形态，并通过测试支架的力学性能来分析结构与性能之间的关系。尽管这种新型的互穿网络水凝胶是物理凝胶，但它表现出与化学凝胶相似的橡胶状性能。 它无毒，因此可以作为植入人体内的软骨组织工程支架使用。

[1094] Self-Assembly of the Polymer Brush-Grafted Silica Colloidal Array for Recognition of Proteins Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2017, 409(22): 5319-5326. Three-dimensional photonic crystal sensors are attractive platforms for autonomous chemical sensing and colorimetric bioassays. At present, the photonic crystal sensors with inverse opal structure were extensively studied, which swells or shrinks in response to the analytes. However, the fabrication of inverse opal sensors still remains a major challenge. Herein, we propose a simple and versatile approach to fabricate 3D opal photonic sensors. This photonic crystal is fabricated via assembly of monodispersed silica particles grafted with linear polymeric ligands (SiO2@LPs). Acrylic acid (negatively charged monomer) and N-tert-butylacrylamide (hydrophobic monomer) were incorporated with N-isopropylacrylamide to achieve strong affinity between the designed polymer ligands and proteins. The proposed photonic crystal displays a maximum redshift of 23 nm in response to 2 mg/mL lysozyme, accompanied by the structure color change from blue to green. Compared to the cross-linked polymers, the linear polymer with flexible structure allows the colloidal array to recognize lysozyme with higher sensitivity (as low as 5 mu g/mL) and broader linearity (from 5 to 2000 mu g/mL in aqueous media). In the future, this photonic crystal sensor can be used as universal tools for the detection of a broad range of analytes.
[1094] 聚合物刷接枝二氧化硅胶体阵列的自组装用于蛋白质识别 分析与生物分析化学，2017，409(22)：5319-5326。三维光子晶体传感器是自主化学传感和比色生物分析的诱人平台。目前，具有倒置蜂巢结构的光子晶体传感器已被广泛研究，它能根据分析物膨胀或收缩。然而，倒置蜂巢传感器的制备仍然是一个主要挑战。在此，我们提出了一种简单而通用的方法来制备 3D 蜂巢光子传感器。这种光子晶体是通过组装单分散二氧化硅颗粒（SiO2@LPs）和线性聚合物配体（SiO2@LPs）来制备的。将丙烯酸（带负电荷的单体）、N-叔丁基丙烯酰胺（疏水性单体）与 N-异丙基丙烯酰胺结合，以实现设计聚合物配体与蛋白质之间的强亲和力。所提出的光子晶体在 2 mg/mL 溶菌酶的响应下显示出最大红移 23 nm，伴随着结构颜色从蓝色变为绿色。 与交联聚合物相比，具有柔性结构的线性聚合物使得胶体阵列能够以更高的灵敏度（低至 5 微克/毫升）和更宽的线性范围（从 5 到 2000 微克/毫升的水介质中）识别溶菌酶。在未来，这种光子晶体传感器可以用作检测广泛分析物的通用工具。

[1095] Carboxylmethyl Konjac Glucomannan Conjugated Polydopamine Composites for Pb(Ii) Removal Carbohydrate Polymers, 2017, 162: 62-70. Carboxylmethyl konjac glucomannan conjugated polydopamine (CIVIKGM-PDA) composite was successfully prepared using a cost-effective method. CMKGM-PDA exhibited excellent adsorption performance for the removal of Pb(II) and could be a convenient agent for recovery. The Langmuir linear model was suitable for describing the adsorption process of Pb(II). The maximum adsorption capacity was 95.24 mg g(-1) at 298 K, showing a high absorption capacity in comparison to similar absorbents. The pseudo-second order equation and intra-particle diffusion model exhibited good correlation with the adsorption kinetic. The thermodynamic values (Delta HO>0, Delta SO>0, Delta GO<0) indicated that the adsorption process of Pb(II) was endothermic, feasible, and spontaneous in nature. The chelation and electrostatic attraction between Pb(II) and -OH (or -NH2) groups on the CMKGM-PDA formed a possible adsorption mechanism. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
[1095] 水解明胶基康胶多糖接枝聚多巴胺复合材料用于 Pb(II)去除 碳水化合物聚合物，2017，162：62-70。采用一种经济有效的方法成功制备了羧甲基基康胶多糖接枝聚多巴胺（CMKGM-PDA）复合材料。CMKGM-PDA 表现出优异的吸附性能，可用于 Pb(II)的去除，并可作为方便的回收剂。Langmuir 线性模型适用于描述 Pb(II)的吸附过程。在 298 K 时，最大吸附容量为 95.24 mg g(-1)，与类似的吸附剂相比，显示出较高的吸附容量。伪二级方程和颗粒内扩散模型与吸附动力学具有良好的相关性。热力学值（ΔHO>0，ΔSO>0，ΔGO<0）表明，Pb(II)的吸附过程是吸热的、可行的且本质上是自发的。CMKGM-PDA 上的 Pb(II)与-OH（或-NH2）基团之间的螯合和静电吸引形成了一种可能的吸附机理。（C）2017 Elsevier Ltd. 版权所有。

[1096] An Injectable Composite Gelatin Hydrogel with Ph Response Properties Journal of Nanomaterials, 2017, 2017: 1-7. On account of minimally invasive procedure and of filling irregular defects of tissues, injectable hydrogels are increasingly attractive in biomedical fields. However, traditional hydrogel formed by simple physical interaction or in situ crosslinking had inevitably some drawbacks such as low mechanical strength and lack of multifunctional properties. Though many investigations had successfully modified traditional injectable hydrogel to obtain both mechanical and functional properties, an acetalated beta-cyclodextrin (Ac-beta-CD) nanoparticle composite injectable hydrogel designed in the research was another effective and efficient choice to solve the drawbacks. First of all, gelatin derivative (G-AA) and Ac-beta-CD were synthesized to prepare hydrogel and nanoparticle, respectively. In order to ensure good compatibility between nanoparticle and macromonomer and provide crosslink points between nanoparticle and macromonomer, G-AA was simultaneously functionalized onto the surface of Ac-beta-CD nanoparticle during the fabrication of Ac-beta-CD nanoparticle using one-step method. Finally, injectable composite hydrogel was obtained by photoinitiated polymerization in situ. Hydrogel properties like gelation time and swelling ratio were investigated. The viscoelastic behavior of hydrogels confirmed that typical characteristics of crosslinked elastomer for all hydrogel and nanoparticle in hydrogel could improve the mechanical property of hydrogel. Moreover, the transparency with time had verified obvious acid-response properties of hydrogels.
[1096] 具有 pH 响应特性的可注射复合明胶水凝胶 材料纳米学报，2017，2017：1-7。由于微创手术和填充组织不规则缺陷，可注射水凝胶在生物医学领域越来越受到青睐。然而，由简单物理相互作用或原位交联形成的传统水凝胶不可避免地存在一些缺点，如机械强度低和缺乏多功能特性。尽管许多研究成功地对传统可注射水凝胶进行了改性，以获得机械和功能特性，但研究中设计的乙酰化β-环糊精（Ac-β-CD）纳米粒子复合可注射水凝胶是解决这些缺点的一种有效且高效的选择。首先，合成了明胶衍生物（G-AA）和 Ac-β-CD，分别用于制备水凝胶和纳米粒子。 为确保纳米颗粒与聚单体的良好相容性，并提供纳米颗粒与聚单体的交联点，在采用一步法制备 Ac-beta-CD 纳米颗粒的过程中，同时将 G-AA 功能化到 Ac-beta-CD 纳米颗粒的表面。最后，通过原位光引发聚合获得了可注射复合水凝胶。研究了水凝胶的性质，如凝胶化时间和溶胀比。水凝胶的粘弹性行为证实了所有水凝胶和凝胶中的纳米颗粒的交联弹性体的典型特性可以改善水凝胶的机械性能。此外，随时间变化的透明度验证了水凝胶的明显酸性响应特性。

[1097] Barton A F M. Crc Handbook of Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesion Parameters, Second Edition[M]. CRC Press;Taylor and Francis, 2017. [1098] An Injectable Alginate-Based Hydrogel for Microfluidic Applications Carbohydrate Polymers, 2017, 161: 228-234. The objective of this study was to develop an injectable alginate based formulation for immobilizing enzymes into microfluidic systems. The gelation was induced upon lowering the pH by addition of D-glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) and release of Ca+ ions from solid CaCO3. The effects of GDL concentration on enzymatic activity and gelation time were investigated. The results indicated that increasing the GDL concentration increased both surface area and enzymatic activity. Also, chitosan was added to the formulation at different ratios to enhance the stability of enzyme during immobilization. For microfluidic application, 100 mu l spiral coil single channel microchip was fabricated and alginate GDL mixture containing beta-glucosidase was injected to the microchannel prior to gelation. Enzymatic conversion was performed by pumping substrate (pNPG) through the microchannel. The results indicated that the entire substrate was converted continuously during 24 h without any leakage or deactivation of immobilized enzyme. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
[1097] 巴顿 A F M. 溶解度参数及其他粘结参数手册，第二版[M]. CRC 出版社；泰勒弗朗西斯，2017. [1098] 一种用于微流控应用的注射用海藻酸盐水凝胶 碳水化合物聚合物，2017，161：228-234。本研究的目标是开发一种注射用海藻酸盐基配方，用于将酶固定到微流控系统中。通过添加 D-葡萄糖酸内酯（GDL）降低 pH 值和从固体 CaCO3 中释放 Ca+离子来诱导凝胶化。研究了 GDL 浓度对酶活性和凝胶化时间的影响。结果表明，增加 GDL 浓度增加了表面积和酶活性。此外，以不同的比例向配方中添加壳聚糖，以增强酶在固定过程中的稳定性。对于微流控应用，制造了 100 微升螺旋线圈单通道微芯片，并在凝胶化之前将含有β-葡萄糖苷酶的海藻酸盐 GDL 混合物注入微通道。通过泵送底物（pNPG）通过微通道进行酶转化。 结果表明，在整个 24 小时内，底物被连续转化，没有发生固定化酶的泄漏或失活。（C）2017 Elsevier Ltd. 版权所有。

[1099] Thermo-, Photo-, and Mechano-Responsive Liquid Crystal Networks Enable Tunable Photonic Crystals Soft Matter, 2017, 13(41): 7486-7491. Tunable photonic crystals exhibiting optical properties that respond reversibly to external stimuli have been developed using liquid crystal networks (LCNs) and liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs). These tunable photonic crystals possess an inverse opal structure and are photo-responsive, but circumvent the usual requirement to contain dye molecules in the structure that often limit their applicability and cause optical degradation. Herein, we report tunable photonic crystal films that reversibly tune the reflection peak wavelength under thermo-, photo- and mechano-stimuli, through bilayering a stimuli-responsive LCN including azobenzene units with a colourless inverse opal film composed of non-responsive, flexible durable polymers. By mechanically deforming the azobenzene containing LCN via various stimuli, the reflection peak wavelength from the bilayered film assembly could be shifted on demand. We confirm that the reflection peak shift occurs due to the deformation of the stimuli-responsive layer propagating towards and into the inverse opal layer to change its shape in response, and this shift behaviour is repeatable without optical degradation.
[1099] 热响应、光响应和机械响应液晶网络实现可调谐光子晶体软物质，2017，13(41)：7486-7491。通过使用液晶网络（LCNs）和液晶弹性体（LCEs）开发了具有可逆响应外部刺激的光学特性的可调谐光子晶体。这些可调谐光子晶体具有倒置的宝石结构，且对光敏感，但避免了通常需要在结构中包含染料分子以限制其应用和引起光学退化的要求。在此，我们报道了一种可调谐光子晶体薄膜，通过双层化包含偶氮苯单元的刺激响应 LCN 和由非响应、柔韧耐用的聚合物组成的无色倒置宝石薄膜，在热、光和机械刺激下可逆地调节反射峰值波长。通过各种刺激机械变形含有偶氮苯的 LCN，可以按需改变双层薄膜组装的反射峰值波长。 我们确认反射峰位移是由于刺激响应层向逆光子晶体层传播并进入其中以改变其形状而发生的，并且这种位移行为可重复，且不会出现光学退化。

[1100] 江莺. 双折射光纤环镜传感器及其在结构健康监测中的应用研究[D]. 南京航空航天大学, 2016: Pages. [1101] Influence of Hydrophobic Polystyrene Blocks on the Rehydration of Polystyrene- -Poly(Methoxy Diethylene Glycol Acrylate)- -Polystyrene Films Investigated by Neutron Reflectivity Macromolecules, 2016, 49(1): 317-326. The rehydration of thermoresponsive polystyrene-block-poly(methoxy diethylene glycol acrylate)-block-polystyrene (PS-b-PMDEGA-b-PS) films forming a lamellar microphase-separated structure is investigated by in situ neutron reflectivity in a D2O vapor atmosphere. The rehydration of collapsed PS-b-PMDEGA-b-PS films is realized by a temperature change from 45 to 23 degrees C and comprises (1) condensation and absorption of D2O, (2) evaporation of D2O, and (3) reswelling of the film due to internal rearrangement. The hydrophobic PS layers hinder the absorption of condensed D2O, and a redistribution of embedded D2O between the hydrophobic PS layers and the hydrophilic PMDEGA layers is observed. In contrast, the rehydration of semiswollen PS-b-PMDEGA-b-PS films (temperature change from 35 to 23 degrees C) shows two prominent differences: A thicker D2O layer condenses on the surface, causing a more enhanced evaporation of D2O. The rehydrated films differ in film thickness and volume fraction of D2O, which is due to the different thermal protocols, although the final temperature is identical.
[1100] 江莺. 双折射光纤环镜传感器及其在结构健康监测中的应用研究[D]. 南京航空航天大学, 2016: 页码. [1101] 通过中子反射率研究疏水性聚苯乙烯块对聚苯乙烯-聚(甲氧基二乙二醇丙烯酸酯)-聚苯乙烯薄膜再水化影响，2016，49(1): 317-326. 通过在 D2O 蒸汽气氛中现场中子反射率研究，对形成层状微相分离结构的温敏性聚苯乙烯-聚(甲氧基二乙二醇丙烯酸酯)-聚苯乙烯（PS-b-PMDEGA-b-PS）薄膜的再水化进行了研究。通过将温度从 45°C 降至 23°C 实现坍塌 PS-b-PMDEGA-b-PS 薄膜的再水化，包括（1）D2O 的冷凝和吸收，（2）D2O 的蒸发，以及（3）由于内部重排而导致的薄膜重新膨胀。疏水性 PS 层阻碍了冷凝 D2O 的吸收，并观察到疏水性 PS 层和亲水性 PMDEGA 层之间嵌入的 D2O 的重新分布。 与半膨胀的 PS-b-PMDEGA-b-PS 薄膜的再水化（温度从 35°C 降至 23°C）相比，表现出两个显著差异：一个更厚的 D2O 层凝结在表面，导致 D2O 的蒸发更加增强。再水化后的薄膜在厚度和 D2O 体积分数上有所不同，这归因于不同的热处理程序，尽管最终温度相同。

[1102] Influence of Hydrophobic Polystyrene Blocks on the Rehydration of Polystyrene- -Poly(Methoxy Diethylene Glycol Acrylate)- -Polystyrene Films Investigated by Neutron Reflectivity Macromolecules, 2016, 49(1): 317-326. The rehydration of thermoresponsive polystyrene-block-poly(methoxy diethylene glycol acrylate)-block-polystyrene (PS-b-PMDEGA-b-PS) films forming a lamellar microphase-separated structure is investigated by in situ neutron reflectivity in a D2O vapor atmosphere. The rehydration of collapsed PS-b-PMDEGA-b-PS films is realized by a temperature change from 45 to 23 degrees C and comprises (1) condensation and absorption of D2O, (2) evaporation of D2O, and (3) reswelling of the film due to internal rearrangement. The hydrophobic PS layers hinder the absorption of condensed D2O, and a redistribution of embedded D2O between the hydrophobic PS layers and the hydrophilic PMDEGA layers is observed. In contrast, the rehydration of semiswollen PS-b-PMDEGA-b-PS films (temperature change from 35 to 23 degrees C) shows two prominent differences: A thicker D2O layer condenses on the surface, causing a more enhanced evaporation of D2O. The rehydrated films differ in film thickness and volume fraction of D2O, which is due to the different thermal protocols, although the final temperature is identical.
[1102] 研究了疏水性聚苯乙烯块对聚苯乙烯-聚（甲氧基二乙二醇丙烯酸酯）-聚苯乙烯薄膜再水合的影响——中子反射率宏观分子，2016，49(1)：317-326。通过在 D2O 蒸汽气氛中进行的原位中子反射率研究了形成层状微相分离结构的温敏性聚苯乙烯-嵌段-聚（甲氧基二乙二醇丙烯酸酯）-嵌段-聚苯乙烯（PS-b-PMDEGA-b-PS）薄膜的再水合。通过将温度从 45°C 降至 23°C 实现坍塌 PS-b-PMDEGA-b-PS 薄膜的再水合，包括（1）D2O 的冷凝和吸收，（2）D2O 的蒸发，以及（3）由于内部重排而导致的薄膜重新膨胀。疏水性 PS 层阻碍了冷凝 D2O 的吸收，并观察到疏水性 PS 层和亲水性 PMDEGA 层之间嵌入的 D2O 的重新分布。相比之下，半膨胀 PS-b-PMDEGA-b-PS 薄膜的再水合（温度变化从 35°C 至 23°C）表现出两个显著差异：更厚的 D2O 层冷凝在表面，导致 D2O 的蒸发更加增强。 再水化薄膜在厚度和 D2O 体积分数上存在差异，这是由于不同的热处理程序造成的，尽管最终温度相同。

[1103] Fluoral-P Infiltrated Sio Inverse Opal Photonic Crystals as Fluorescent Film Sensors for Detecting Formaldehyde Vapor Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2016, 4(41): 9841-9847. We demonstrate a quickly responsive, highly sensitive, excellently selective and conveniently recyclable fluorescent film sensor for the detection of formaldehyde (FA) vapor, which is based on Fluoral-p infiltrated SiO2 inverse opal photonic crystals (IOPCs). The as-prepared sensor combined the properties of the IOPC's interconnected macroporous structure, high surface area, and slow photon effect which can amplify the fluorescence, and the formation of a fluorescent product generated from selective reaction between Fluoral-p and FA. Upon exposure to FA vapor for 20 s, the resulting fluorescence can be clearly observed and the intensity can be magnified remarkably. The fluorescence enhancement for FA detection on the optimized sensor can be up to 76.3-fold compared with that for the control sample. The sensor achieved a detection limit of 0.008 mg m(-3) and had good selectivity for FA. Additionally, the sensor could be easily recycled by washing with ethanol, followed by infiltration by Fluoral-p again. Therefore, the designed Fluoral-p infiltrated IOPC can be utilized as a highly effective fluorescent sensor for detecting gaseous FA, which provides a promising strategy for improving response rate and detection sensitivity, and has enormous potential for the detection of other gases by choosing suitable IOPCs and functional reaction molecules.
[1103] 氟化-P 溶渗二氧化硅逆光子晶体作为甲醛蒸气检测荧光薄膜传感器的应用 材料化学 C，2016，4(41)：9841-9847。我们展示了一种快速响应、高灵敏度、优异选择性和方便回收的荧光薄膜传感器，用于检测甲醛（FA）蒸气，该传感器基于氟化-P 溶渗二氧化硅逆光子晶体（IOPCs）。制备的传感器结合了 IOPC 的相互连接的宏观多孔结构、高表面积和慢光子效应，这些效应可以放大荧光，以及氟化-P 与 FA 之间选择性反应生成的荧光产物。在暴露于 FA 蒸气 20 秒后，产生的荧光可以清晰观察到，其强度可以显著增强。与对照样品相比，优化传感器上的 FA 检测荧光增强可达 76.3 倍。该传感器实现了 0.008 mg m(-3)的检测限，并对 FA 具有良好的选择性。 此外，该传感器可以通过用乙醇清洗，然后再次用 Fluoral-p 渗透来轻松回收。因此，设计的 Fluoral-p 渗透 IOPC 可以用作检测气态 FA 的高效荧光传感器，这为提高响应速率和检测灵敏度提供了一种有前景的策略，并且通过选择合适的 IOPC 和功能反应分子，在检测其他气体方面具有巨大潜力。

[1104] The Continuous Fabrication of Mechanochromic Fibers Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2016, 4(11): 2127-2133. A new strategy is demonstrated to continuously prepare dyeing-free mechanochromic fibers by dip-coating hard core-soft shell microspheres onto commercially available polymer fibers. The microspheres assemble into a photonic crystal structure to display structural colors, and the colors of these fibers can be easily controlled by varying the diameters of core-shell microspheres. The polymer fibers exhibit high elasticity and stability to endure mechanical stretching. This method is efficient and applicable for a variety of fibers with different diameters and cross-sectional shapes and a broad spectrum of polymer and inorganic substrates. The mechanochromic fibers exhibit obvious color changes such as from red to green and from green to blue under stretching, and these chromatic transitions are rapid, reversible and repeatable. They are further woven into well-designed patterns and fabrics for potential application in smart wearable textiles.
[1104] 通过将硬核软壳微球浸涂在商业可用的聚合物纤维上，连续制备无染料机械变色纤维的新策略得到展示。微球组装成光子晶体结构以显示结构色，这些纤维的颜色可以通过改变核壳微球的直径来轻松控制。聚合物纤维表现出高弹性和稳定性，能够承受机械拉伸。此方法高效且适用于具有不同直径和横截面形状的各种纤维以及广泛的聚合物和无机基底。机械变色纤维在拉伸时表现出明显的颜色变化，如从红色变为绿色，从绿色变为蓝色，这些色相转变快速、可逆且可重复。它们还被编织成精心设计的图案和织物，有望应用于智能可穿戴纺织品。

[1105] Colorimetric Sensing of Melamine Using Colloidal Magnetically Assembled Molecularly Imprinted Photonic Crystals Rsc Advances, 2016, 6(87): 83663-83667. A visually perceptible, highly selective and structurally simple colorimetric sensor for melamine (MEL) based on colloidal magnetically assembled molecularly imprinted photonic crystals (MIPCs) has been constructed. The color of the MIPCs red-shifted significantly as the MEL concentration increased. The largest redshift could reach 200 nm, and the detection limit for MEL was 10(-5) mg mL(-1).
基于胶体磁性组装分子印迹光子晶体（MIPCs）的甲醛（MEL）比色传感器的构建，该传感器具有视觉可感知、高度选择性和结构简单等特点。随着 MEL 浓度的增加，MIPCs 的颜色发生显著红移。最大红移可达 200 nm，MEL 的检测限为 10(-5) mg mL(-1)。

[1106] Photonic Crystal Flakes ACS Sensors, 2016, 1(5): 493-497. Photonic crystals (PCs) have been traditionally produced on rigid substrates. Here, we report the development of free-standing one-dimensional (1D) slanted PC flakes. A single pulse of a 5 ns Nd:YAG laser (lambda = 532 nm, 350 mJ) was used to organize silver nanoparticles (10-50 nm) into multilayer gratings embedded in similar to 10 mu m poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) hydrogel films. The 1D PC flakes had narrow-band diffraction peak at similar to 510 nm. Ionization of the carboxylic acid groups in the hydrogel produced Donnan osmotic pressure and modulated the Bragg peak. In response to pH (4-7), the PC flakes shifted their diffraction wavelength from 500 to 620 nm, exhibiting 0.1 pH unit sensitivity. The color changes were visible to the eye in the entire visible spectrum. The optical characteristics of the 1D PC flakes were also analyzed by finite element method simulations. Free-standing PC flakes may have application in spray deposition of functional materials.
[1106] 光子晶体片 ACS 传感器，2016，1(5)：493-497。光子晶体（PC）传统上是在刚性基板上生产的。在这里，我们报道了自由-standing 的一维（1D）斜置 PC 片的开发。使用 5 ns 的 Nd:YAG 激光（波长=532 nm，350 mJ）将银纳米粒子（10-50 nm）组织成嵌入约 10 μm 的聚(2-羟基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯-共甲基丙烯酸)水凝胶薄膜的多层光栅。1D PC 片具有约 510 nm 的窄带衍射峰。水凝胶中羧酸基团的电离产生了 Donnan 渗透压并调制了布拉格峰。在 pH（4-7）响应下，PC 片将衍射波长从 500 nm 移至 620 nm，表现出 0.1 pH 单位灵敏度。整个可见光谱中的颜色变化肉眼可见。还通过有限元方法模拟分析了 1D PC 片的光学特性。自由-standing 的 PC 片可能在功能材料的喷雾沉积中有所应用。

[1107] Photonic Hydrogel Sensors Biotechnology Advances, 2016, 34(3): 250-271. Analyte-sensitive hydrogels that incorporate optical structures have emerged as sensing platforms for point-of-care diagnostics. The optical properties of the hydrogel sensors can be rationally designed and fabricated through self-assembly, microfabrication or laser writing. The advantages of photonic hydrogel sensors over conventional assay formats include label-free, quantitative, reusable, and continuous measurement capability that can be integrated with equipment-free text or image display. This Review explains the operation principles of photonic hydrogel sensors, presents syntheses of stimuli-responsive polymers, and provides an overview of qualitative and quantitative readout technologies. Applications in clinical samples are discussed, and potential future directions are identified. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
光子水凝胶传感器生物技术进展，2016，34(3)：250-271。具有光学结构的分析物敏感水凝胶已成为即时诊断的传感平台。水凝胶传感器的光学特性可以通过自组装、微加工或激光写入进行合理设计和制造。光子水凝胶传感器相对于传统检测格式具有无标记、定量、可重复使用和连续测量能力，可集成无设备文本或图像显示。本综述解释了光子水凝胶传感器的操作原理，介绍了刺激响应聚合物的合成，并概述了定性和定量读出技术。讨论了临床样本中的应用，并确定了潜在的未来发展方向。（C）2015 Elsevier Inc. 版权所有。

[1108] Ultrasensitive Low-Background Multiplex Mycotoxin Chemiluminescence Immunoassay by Silica-Hydrogel Photonic Crystal Microsphere Suspension Arrays in Cereal Samples Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical, 2016, 232: 577-584. We developed an ultrasensitive low-background chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLIA) for multiplex mycotoxin detection using silica-hydrogel photonic crystal microsphere (SHPCM) suspension arrays. The interspace of SHPCM was occupied by hydrogel material and retained the structure color of SPCM, which not only could encode microsphere carriers with their positions of reflection peaks or structure colors but reduce the non-specific protein adsorption and result in a low background signal. Comparison with SPCM and glass beads, SHPCM could provide the more wide dynamic detection linear range and lower background signal. The linear detection range was 0.0001-1 ng/mL, 0.001-10 ng/mL, and 0.0001-1 ng/mL for AFB1, FB1 and OTA, respectively. The recovery rates in rice, corn and wheat samples for AFB1, FB1 and OTA were between 74.96 +/- 5.82%-104.87 +/- 5.77%. The positive results detected by this method in 20 real cereal samples were confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The results indicate that the SHPCM suspension array can be used to high throughput and sensitive screening for multiplex mycotoxins in cereal samples. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
[1108] 基于硅-水凝胶光子晶体微球悬浮阵列的谷物样品超灵敏低背景多联霉菌毒素化学发光免疫测定法，《传感器与执行器 B-化学》，2016，232：577-584。我们开发了一种基于硅-水凝胶光子晶体微球（SHPCM）悬浮阵列的超灵敏低背景化学发光酶免疫测定法（CLIA）用于多联霉菌毒素检测。SHPCM 的间隙被水凝胶材料填充，保留了 SPCM 的结构颜色，这不仅能够编码微球载体及其反射峰位置或结构颜色，还能降低非特异性蛋白质吸附并产生低背景信号。与 SPCM 和玻璃珠相比，SHPCM 可以提供更宽的动态检测线性范围和更低的背景信号。线性检测范围分别为 AFB1、FB1 和 OTA 的 0.0001-1 ng/mL、0.001-10 ng/mL 和 0.0001-1 ng/mL。 大米的 AFB1、FB1 和 OTA 样品的回收率在 74.96 +/- 5.82%-104.87 +/- 5.77%之间。该方法在 20 个真实谷物样品中检测到的阳性结果经高效液相色谱串联质谱法（HPLC-MS/MS）证实。结果表明，SHPCM 悬浮阵列可用于谷物样品中多重霉菌毒素的高通量和敏感筛选。（C）2016 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[1109] Wypych G. Handbook of Polymers, Second Edition[M]. ChemTec Publishing, 2016. [1110] A Bio-Inspired Cellulose Nanocrystal-Based Nanocomposite Photonic Film with Hyper-Reflection and Humidity-Responsive Actuator Properties Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2016, 4(41): 9687-9696. We have developed a cellulose nanocrystal-based nanocomposite photonic film with a sandwich structure to mimic the shell structure of the Chrysina genus of beetles. The nanocomposite film was fabricated by embedding a uniaxially oriented polyamide-6 (PA-6) layer as a half-wave retarder layer between two cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs)/polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) layers with a left-handed chiral nematic photonic structure. As a result, the reflectance intensity of the obtained nanocomposite film exceeds 50% (hyper-reflection) at a certain wavelength. More interestingly, asymmetric expansion/shrinkage of the CNCs/PEGDA layer in the nanocomposite film allows for simultaneous and reversible three-dimensional deformation behavior as well as the shift of the Bragg reflection when exposed to a humid environment. The proposed self-assembled photonic material will be attractive to be used as an optical anti-counterfeiting film, a tunable bandpass filter, a reflector or polarizer and a humidity-responsive actuator.
[1109] Wypych G. 高分子手册，第 2 版[M]. ChemTec 出版社，2016. [1110] 一种具有超反射和湿度响应驱动器特性的纤维素纳米晶体基纳米复合光子薄膜，材料化学 C，2016，4(41): 9687-9696。我们开发了一种具有夹层结构的纤维素纳米晶体基纳米复合光子薄膜，以模仿甲虫属 Chrysina 的壳结构。该纳米复合薄膜通过在两个纤维素纳米晶体（CNCs）/聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯（PEGDA）层之间嵌入一个单轴取向的聚酰胺-6（PA-6）层作为半波延迟层来制造，具有左旋手性液晶光子结构。因此，获得的纳米复合薄膜在特定波长的反射强度超过 50%（超反射）。更有趣的是，纳米复合薄膜中 CNCs/PEGDA 层的非对称膨胀/收缩允许在潮湿环境中同时可逆地进行三维变形行为以及布拉格反射的偏移。 提出的自组装光子材料将具有作为光学防伪薄膜、可调带通滤波器、反射器或偏振器和湿度响应执行器的吸引力。

[1111] Near-Infrared-Sensitive Materials Based on Upconverting Nanoparticles Advanced Materials, 2016, 28(6): 1208-1226. The near-infrared (NIR) region of the spectrum is called the therapeutic window because NIR light can penetrate deeply into tissue. Therefore, NIR-sensitive materials are attractive for biomedical applications. Recently, upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) were used to construct NIR-sensitive materials. UCNPs convert NIR light to UV or visible light, which can trigger photoreactions of photosensitive materials. Here, how to use UCNPs to construct NIR-sensitive materials is introduced, applications of NIR-sensitive materials with a focus on biomedical applications are highlighted, and the associated challenges are discussed.
[1111] 基于上转换纳米粒子的近红外敏感材料，先进材料，2016，28(6)：1208-1226。光谱中的近红外（NIR）区域被称为治疗窗口，因为近红外光可以深入穿透组织。因此，近红外敏感材料在生物医学应用中具有吸引力。最近，上转换纳米粒子（UCNPs）被用来构建近红外敏感材料。UCNPs 将近红外光转换为紫外光或可见光，可以触发光敏材料的光反应。在此，介绍了如何使用 UCNPs 构建近红外敏感材料，突出了近红外敏感材料的应用，特别是生物医学应用，并讨论了相关的挑战。

[1112] Near-Infrared-Sensitive Materials Based on Upconverting Nanoparticles Advanced Materials, 2016, 28(6): 1208-1226. The near-infrared (NIR) region of the spectrum is called the therapeutic window because NIR light can penetrate deeply into tissue. Therefore, NIR-sensitive materials are attractive for biomedical applications. Recently, upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) were used to construct NIR-sensitive materials. UCNPs convert NIR light to UV or visible light, which can trigger photoreactions of photosensitive materials. Here, how to use UCNPs to construct NIR-sensitive materials is introduced, applications of NIR-sensitive materials with a focus on biomedical applications are highlighted, and the associated challenges are discussed.
近红外敏感材料基于上转换纳米粒子，先进材料，2016，28（6）：1208-1226。光谱中的近红外（NIR）区域被称为治疗窗口，因为 NIR 光可以深入穿透组织。因此，近红外敏感材料在生物医学应用中具有吸引力。最近，上转换纳米粒子（UCNPs）被用于构建近红外敏感材料。UCNPs 将 NIR 光转换为紫外或可见光，可以触发光敏材料的 photoreactions。在此，介绍了如何使用 UCNPs 构建近红外敏感材料，突出了近红外敏感材料的应用，特别是生物医学应用，并讨论了相关的挑战。

[1113] Optical Functional Materials Inspired by Biology Advanced Optical Materials, 2016, 4(2): 195-224. The natural world exhibits numerous examples of efficient optical designs with novel hierarchical microstructures and specialized functionality after millions of years of evolution. Materials scientists have long been deriving understanding and inspiration from nature's optical ingenuity, such as vivid structural colors, light antireflection, light focusing, and chirality. Progress in engineering bioinspired optical functional materials has been exciting in the past years. In this review, the focus is on the state-of-the-art achievements of bioinspired optical materials with applications in various areas including efficient light manipulation, optical sensors, light-energy conversion, plasmonic materials with ultrahigh surface plasmon resonance (SPR) efficiency and metamaterials. The major challenges and perspectives for bioinspired designs of optical functional materials in the future are also briefly addressed.
[1113] 受生物学启发的光学功能材料：先进光学材料，2016，4(2)：195-224。自然界展示了无数经过数百万年进化后具有高效光学设计、新颖的分层微观结构和特殊功能性的例子。材料科学家长期以来一直从自然的光学智慧中汲取理解和灵感，例如鲜艳的结构色、光抗反射、光聚焦和手性。在工程生物启发光学功能材料方面取得的进展在过去几年中令人兴奋。在这篇综述中，重点关注了在高效光操控、光学传感器、光能转换、具有超高表面等离子体共振（SPR）效率的等离子体材料和超材料等领域的应用中具有先进成就的生物启发光学材料。还简要讨论了未来生物启发光学功能材料设计的主要挑战和前景。

[1114] Adsorption Behavior of Carboxymethyl Konjac Glucomannan Microspheres for Fluoride From aqueous Solution RSC Advances, 2016, 6(92): 89417-89429.
[1114] 水溶液中羧甲基魔芋甘露聚糖微球对氟离子的吸附行为 RSC 进展，2016，6(92)：89417-89429。

[1115] Glucose Oxidase-Incorporated Hydrogel Thin Film for Fast Optical Glucose Detecting under Physiological Conditions Materials Today Chemistry, 2016, 1-2: 7-14. Hydrogel biosensors usually suffer from a slow response, which severely hinders their practical applications. Here a new optical glucose biosensor was designed, using glucose-sensitive hydrogel films as both glucose-sensing material and Fabry-Perot cavity. The film was fabricated by layer-by-layer assembly from partially oxidized dextran (PO-Dex), chitosan, and glucose oxidase (GOD). The film responds to glucose because the incorporated GOD converts glucose to gluconic acid, and thus lowers the local pH in the film, and, in turn, triggers the pH-sensitive film to swell. The glucose-induced swelling causes a shift of Fabry-Perot fringes on the reflection spectra of the film, from which the glucose concentration can be reported. The new sensor works well under physiological conditions. Potential interferents, such as diols for phenylboronic acid-based sensors and electroactive compounds for electrochemical sensors, do not influence the new sensor. The sensor can respond reversibly over a wide range of glucose concentration. Particularly, it responds linearly within the clinically relevant glucose range (0-20 mM). More importantly, because the film is very thin, the new sensor can respond quickly, making it potential for real-time, continuous glucose monitoring. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
葡萄糖氧化酶结合水凝胶薄膜在生理条件下快速光学葡萄糖检测材料今日化学，2016，1-2：7-14。水凝胶生物传感器通常存在响应慢的问题，这严重阻碍了它们的实际应用。在这里，设计了一种新的光学葡萄糖生物传感器，使用葡萄糖敏感水凝胶薄膜作为葡萄糖传感材料和法布里-珀罗腔。该薄膜通过部分氧化麦芽糊精（PO-Dex）、壳聚糖和葡萄糖氧化酶（GOD）的层叠组装制备而成。薄膜对葡萄糖的反应是因为结合的 GOD 将葡萄糖转化为葡萄糖酸，从而降低薄膜中的局部 pH 值，进而触发 pH 敏感薄膜的膨胀。葡萄糖引起的膨胀导致薄膜反射光谱上法布里-珀罗条纹的偏移，从而可以报告葡萄糖浓度。该新传感器在生理条件下工作良好。潜在的干扰物质，如基于苯硼酸的二醇传感器和电化学传感器的电活性化合物，不会影响新传感器。 传感器可以在广泛的葡萄糖浓度范围内可逆响应。特别是，它在临床相关的葡萄糖浓度范围内（0-20 mM）呈线性响应。更重要的是，由于薄膜非常薄，新的传感器可以快速响应，使其适用于实时、连续的葡萄糖监测。（C）2016 Elsevier Ltd. 版权所有。

[1116] Synthesis and Polymerization of Boronic Acid Containing Monomers Polymer Chemistry, 2016, 7(35): 5484-5495. Boronic acid decorated copolymers have gathered significant interest in recent years. These (co) polymers are well-known for their saccharide responsive properties commonly applied in polymeric glucose sensors, cell capture and enzymatic inhibition. Despite this wide variety of applications, boronic acid containing monomers and resulting (co) polymers are also known for their notoriously difficult synthesis and purification. This review provides a condensed overview of the different synthetic pathways that have been reported for both monomer and (co) polymer synthesis. The first part of this review will focus on the synthesis of different boronic acid containing monomers bearing various polymerizable groups including (meth) acrylates, (meth) acrylamides and styrenics. These monomers show a wide variety in synthetic complexity but also in the Lewis acidity of the boronic acid moiety, which is of vital importance for success of the desired application. The second part will then discuss the main approaches for the (co) polymerization of these monomers divided into three groups, namely polymerization of unprotected boronic acid monomers, polymerization of protected boronate ester monomers and finally boronic acid incorporation through post-polymerization modification reactions. This review will complement the already numerous application-focused papers and provide a comprehensive overview of the currently used synthetic methodologies as guideline for boronic acid-containing (co) polymer research.
[1116] 含硼酸单体的合成与聚合：聚合物化学，2016，7(35)：5484-5495。近年来，装饰有硼酸的共聚物引起了广泛关注。这些（共）聚合物因其糖响应特性而闻名，常用于聚合物葡萄糖传感器、细胞捕获和酶抑制。尽管应用广泛，含硼酸单体及其所得（共）聚合物也以其难以合成的臭名昭著。本综述提供了对已报道的单体和（共）聚合物合成的不同合成途径的简要概述。本综述的第一部分将重点关注不同含硼酸单体（包括（甲）丙烯酸酯、（甲）丙烯酰胺和苯乙烯类）的合成，这些单体在合成复杂性和硼酸官能团的勒维酸性方面表现出广泛的差异，这对于实现预期应用的成功至关重要。 第二部分将讨论这些单体的（共）聚合的主要方法，分为三组，即未保护的硼酸单体的聚合、保护性硼酸酯单体的聚合，以及最终通过后聚合修饰反应引入硼酸。本综述将补充已经大量以应用为导向的论文，并为硼酸含量（共）聚合物研究提供目前使用的合成方法的全面概述。

[1117] Tuning the Structural Color of a 2d Photonic Crystal Using a Bowl Like Nanostructure ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2016, 8(24): 15802-15808. Structural colors of the ordered photonic nanostructures are widely used as an effective platform for manipulating the propagation of light. Although several approaches have been explored in attempts to mimic the structural colors, improving the reproducibility, mechanical stability, and the economic feasibility of sophisticated photonic crystals prepared by complicated processes continues to pose a challenge. In this study, we report on an alternative, simple method for fabricating a tunable photonic crystal at room temperature. A bowl-like nanostructure of TiO2 was periodically arranged on a thin Ti sheet through a two-step anodization process where its diameters were systemically controlled by changing the applied voltage. Consequently, they displayed a broad color distribution, ranging from red to indigo, and the principal reason for color generation followed the Bragg diffraction theory. This noncolorant method was capable of reproducing a Mondrian painting on a centimeter scale without the need to employ complex architectures, where the generated structural colors were highly stable under mechanical or chemical influence. Such a color printing technique represents a potentially promising platform for practical applications for anticounterfeit trademarks, wearable sensors, and displays.
通过碗状纳米结构调节二维光子晶体的结构色 ACS 应用材料与界面，2016，8(24)：15802-15808。有序光子纳米结构的结构色被广泛用作操纵光传播的有效平台。尽管已经探索了多种方法来模仿结构色，但提高通过复杂工艺制备的复杂光子晶体的可重复性、机械稳定性和经济可行性仍然是一个挑战。在本研究中，我们报道了一种在室温下制备可调光子晶体的替代简单方法。通过两步阳极氧化过程，将 TiO2 碗状纳米结构周期性地排列在薄钛片上，其直径通过改变施加的电压进行系统控制。因此，它们显示出从红色到靛蓝色的广泛颜色分布，颜色生成的根本原因遵循布拉格衍射理论。 这种非着色方法能够在厘米尺度上复制蒙德里安的画作，无需采用复杂架构，生成的结构色在机械或化学影响下高度稳定。这种彩色印刷技术代表了一种具有潜在应用前景的平台，可用于防伪商标、可穿戴传感器和显示器等实际应用。

[1118] Cu-Catalyzed Click Reaction in Carbohydrate Chemistry Chemical Reviews, 2016, 116(5): 3086-3240. Cu(I)-catalyzed azide alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC), popularly known as the "click reaction", serves as the most potent and highly dependable tool for facile construction of simple to complex architectures at the molecular level. Click-knitted threads of two exclusively different molecular entities have created some really interesting structures for more than 15 years with a broad spectrum of applicability, including in the fascinating fields of synthetic chemistry, medicinal science, biochemistry, pharmacology, material science, and catalysis. The unique properties of the carbohydrate moiety and the advantages of highly chemo- and regioselective click chemistry, such as mild reaction conditions, efficient performance with a wide range of solvents, and compatibility with different functionalities, together produce miraculous neoglycoconjugates and neoglycopolymers with various synthetic, biological, and pharmaceutical applications. In this review we highlight the successful advancement of Cu(I)-catalyzed click chemistry in glycoscience and its applications as well as future scope in different streams of applied sciences.
[1118] 铜催化的点击反应在碳水化合物化学中 化学评论，2016，116(5)：3086-3240。Cu(I)催化的叠氮化物-炔烃 1,3-偶极环加成反应（CuAAC），俗称“点击反应”，是构建简单到复杂分子结构的最强大、最可靠的工具。两种完全不同的分子实体通过点击反应编织的线已经创造了超过 15 年的真正有趣的分子结构，具有广泛的应用范围，包括合成化学、医药科学、生物化学、药理学、材料科学和催化等令人着迷的领域。碳水化合物基团独特的性质和高度化学和区域选择性的点击化学的优势，如温和的反应条件、广泛的溶剂中的高效性能以及与不同官能团的相容性，共同产生了具有各种合成、生物和药物应用的神奇的新型糖基共轭物和新型糖基聚合物。 在本综述中，我们强调了 Cu(I)-催化的点击化学在糖科学中的成功进展及其在应用科学不同领域的应用以及未来的发展前景。

[1119] Reproduction and Optical Analysis Ofmorpho-Inspired Polymeric Nanostructures Journal of Optics, 2016, 18(6): 065105.
[1119]受形态启发的聚合物纳米结构的复制和光学分析，《光学学报》，2016，18(6)：065105。

[1120] Snaeni, Muslimin A N, Birowosuto M D: Refractive Index Dependence of Papilio Ulysses Butterfly Wings Reflectance Spectra, Rusydi A, Wicaksono D H B, Anggono T, Isnaeni, Herbani Y, Febriani F, Oemry F, Sudiro T, Izzuddin H, Birowosuto M D, editor, International Symposium on Frontier of Applied Physics, 2016. [1121] Ultralight Biomass‐Derived Carbonaceous Nanofibrous Aerogels with Superelasticity and High Pressure‐Sensitivity Advanced Materials, 2016, 28(43): 9512-9518.
[1120] Snaeni, Muslimin A N, Birowosuto M D: Papilio Ulysses 蝴蝶翅膀反射光谱的折射率依赖性，Rusydi A，Wicaksono D H B，Anggono T，Isnaeni，Herbani Y，Febriani F，Oemry F，Sudiro T，Izzuddin H，Birowosuto M D，编辑，《应用物理前沿国际研讨会》，2016。[1121]具有超弹性和高压灵敏度的超轻生物质基碳纳米纤维气凝胶，《先进材料》，2016，28(43)：9512-9518。

[1122] Preparation of Supramolecular Hydrogel-Enzyme Hybrids Exhibiting Biomolecule-Responsive Gel Degradation Nature Protocols, 2016, 11(9): 1744-1756. Hydrogelators are small, self-assembling molecules that form supramolecular nanofiber networks that exhibit unique dynamic properties. Development of supramolecular hydrogels that degrade in response to various biomolecules could potentially be used for applications in areas such as drug delivery and diagnostics. Here we provide a synthetic procedure for preparing redox-responsive supramolecular hydrogelators that are used to create hydrogels that degrade in response to oxidizing or reducing conditions. The synthesis takes similar to 2-4 d, and it can potentially be carried out in parallel to prepare multiple hydrogelator candidates. This described solid-phase peptide synthesis protocol can be used to produce previously described hydrogelators or to construct a focused molecular library to efficiently discover and optimize new hydrogelators. In addition, we describe the preparation of redox-responsive supramolecular hydrogel-enzyme hybrids that are created by mixing aqueous solutions of hydrogelators and enzymes, which requires 2 h for completion. The resultant supramolecular hydrogel-enzyme hybrids exhibit gel degradation in response to various biomolecules, and can be rationally designed by connecting the chemical reactions of the hydrogelators with enzymatic reactions. Gel degradation in response to biomolecules as triggers occurs within a few hours. We also describe the preparation of hydrogel-enzyme hybrids arrayed on flat glass slides, enabling high-throughput analysis of biomolecules such as glucose, uric acid, lactate and so on by gel degradation, which is detectable by the naked eye. The protocol requires similar to 6 h to prepare the hydrogel-enzyme hybrid array and to complete the biomolecule assay.
[1122] 预制备分子间水凝胶-酶杂化物：具有生物分子响应凝胶降解特性的研究 自然方法，2016，11(9)：1744-1756。水凝胶形成剂是小型的自组装分子，能形成具有独特动态特性的分子间纳米纤维网络。开发对各种生物分子响应降解的分子间水凝胶，可能用于药物递送和诊断等领域。在此，我们提供了一种合成方法，用于制备用于创建对氧化或还原条件响应的水凝胶的氧化还原响应性分子间水凝胶形成剂。合成过程大约需要 2-4 天，并且可以并行进行以制备多个水凝胶形成剂候选物。本描述的固相肽合成方案可用于生产先前描述的水凝胶形成剂或构建一个针对特定分子的库，以有效地发现和优化新的水凝胶形成剂。 此外，我们描述了通过混合水凝胶剂和酶的溶液制备氧化还原响应型超分子水凝胶-酶杂化物的过程，该过程需要 2 小时完成。所得的超分子水凝胶-酶杂化物对各种生物分子表现出凝胶降解，可以通过连接水凝胶剂的化学反应与酶促反应进行理性设计。以生物分子为触发剂的凝胶降解在几小时内发生。我们还描述了在平板玻璃片上制备的水凝胶-酶杂化物阵列的制备，通过凝胶降解，可以肉眼检测到生物分子如葡萄糖、尿酸、乳酸等，该方案制备水凝胶-酶杂化物阵列和完成生物分子检测需要约 6 小时。

[1123] Coordination-Bond-Driven Fabrication of Crack-Free Photonic Crystals Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2016, 4(30): 7208-7214. The self-assembled fabrication of large-area opal photonic crystals (PCs) that are free of cracks has remained a challenge which greatly limits the practicality of such a structure in optical and electronic applications. We report a new route in this paper for fabricating centimeter scale crack-free opal PC films in which the latex spheres are bound together through coordination bonds. The elimination of cracks in the PCs is attributed to the formation of metal ion-polymer latex spheres coordination complexes which is confirmed by shifts of the binding energy of the metal ion after the reaction. The coordination bonds enhance the interactions between the polymer latex spheres, which can neutralize the adhesion stress caused by the substrate and tension stress caused by the shrinkage of the latex spheres during the evaporation of solvent. The as-prepared PC films show a uniform diffraction color and excellent reflection properties, which proves that the formation of coordination bonds does not weaken the contrasts of the refractive index or the optical quality of the PCs. This facile fabrication of large area, crack-free opal PCs will offer significant insight into the preparation and applications of PCs in optical devices.
[1123] 基于配位键驱动的无裂纹光子晶体制备方法 材料化学 C 杂志，2016，4(30): 7208-7214。制备无裂纹的大面积珍珠光子晶体（PCs）一直是一个挑战，这极大地限制了这种结构在光学和电子应用中的实用性。本文报道了一种制备厘米级无裂纹珍珠光子晶体薄膜的新方法，其中乳胶球通过配位键结合在一起。光子晶体中裂纹的消除归因于金属离子-聚合物乳胶球配位复合物的形成，这通过反应后金属离子结合能的位移得到证实。配位键增强了聚合物乳胶球之间的相互作用，可以中和由衬底引起的粘附应力和由溶剂蒸发过程中乳胶球收缩引起的张力应力。 预制备的 PC 薄膜显示出均匀的衍射颜色和优异的反射性能，这证明了配位键的形成并不会减弱折射率的对比度或 PCs 的光学质量。这种简单的大面积、无裂纹的珍珠岩 PC 的制备将为光学器件中 PC 的制备和应用提供重要的见解。

[1124] Fabrication of Pam/Pmaa Inverse Opal Photonic Crystal Hydrogels by a “Sandwich” Method and Their Ph and Solvent Responses RSC Advances, 2016, 6(89): 85885-85890.
[1124] 通过“三明治”法制备 Pam/Pmaa 逆光子晶体水凝胶及其 pH 和溶剂响应，RSC Advances，2016，6(89)：85885-85890。

[1125] Design of Superstructure Fiber Bragg Grating with Efficient Mode Coupling for Simultaneous Strain and Temperature Measurement with Low Cross-Sensitivity IEEE Sensors Journal, 2016, 16(22): 7941-7949. An efficient fiber-optic sensor based on a superstructure fiber Bragg grating (SFBG) for simultaneous strain and temperature measurement is numerically and experimentally demonstrated. The stain-insensitivity property of a specific LPG resonance band has been used to overcome the effect of cross-sensitivity. The strain sensitivities of the FBG and LPG peaks of the proposed SFBG sensor have been obtained as 0.79 and -0.41 pm/mu epsilon, and their temperature sensitivities are found as 8.67 and 40.13 pm/degrees C, respectively. The resolutions for the strain and temperature measurements have been noted as +/- 12.83 mu epsilon and +/- 1.02 degrees C based on the wavelength resolution of an optical spectrum analyzer (FBG peak: 0.01 nm; LPG peak: 0.1 nm) and the deviations of measured values from applied ones of measurands. The proposed sensor has shown good agreement between the applied and measured measurands with good linearity and reduced cross-sensitivity.
[1125] 基于超结构光纤布拉格光栅的高效模式耦合设计，用于低交叉敏感度的应变和温度同时测量，IEEE 传感器杂志，2016，16(22)：7941-7949。一种基于超结构光纤布拉格光栅（SFBG）的高效光纤传感器，用于同时进行应变和温度测量，已在数值和实验上得到验证。利用特定 LPG 谐振带的应变不敏感性，克服了交叉敏感性的影响。所提出的 SFBG 传感器的 FBG 和 LPG 峰值应变灵敏度分别为 0.79 和-0.41 pm/με，其温度灵敏度分别为 8.67 和 40.13 pm/°C。根据光学光谱分析仪（FBG 峰值：0.01 nm；LPG 峰值：0.1 nm）的波长分辨率和测量值与施加值之间的偏差，应变和温度测量的分辨率分别为±12.83με和±1.02°C。所提出的传感器在施加量和测量量之间表现出良好的一致性，具有良好的线性度和降低的交叉敏感性。

[1126] Photonic Water Dynamically Responsive to External Stimuli Nature Communications, 2016, 7: 12559. Fluids that contain ordered nanostructures with periodic distances in the visible-wavelength range, anomalously exhibit structural colours that can be rapidly modulated by external stimuli. Indeed, some fish can dynamically change colour by modulating the periodic distance of crystalline guanine sheets cofacially oriented in their fluid cytoplasm. Here we report that a dilute aqueous colloidal dispersion of negatively charged titanate nanosheets exhibits structural colours. In this 'photonic water', the nanosheets spontaneously adopt a cofacial geometry with an ultralong periodic distance of up to 675 nm due to a strong electrostatic repulsion. Consequently, the photonic water can even reflect near-infrared light up to 1,750 nm. The structural colour becomes more vivid in a magnetic flux that induces monodomain structural ordering of the colloidal dispersion. The reflective colour of the photonic water can be modulated over the entire visible region in response to appropriate physical or chemical stimuli.
[1126] 对外部刺激动态响应的光子水 自然通讯，2016，7：12559。含有在可见光波长范围内具有周期距离的有序纳米结构的流体，异常地表现出可被外部刺激快速调制的结构色。确实，一些鱼类可以通过调节其流体细胞质中面对面取向的结晶鸟嘌呤片的周期距离来动态地改变颜色。在这里，我们报道了一种带负电荷的钛酸纳米片稀释水溶胶显示出结构色。在这种“光子水”中，由于强烈的静电排斥，纳米片自发地采用面对面几何形状，周期距离长达 675 nm。因此，光子水甚至可以反射近红外光，波长高达 1,750 nm。在诱导胶体分散单畴结构有序排列的磁通量下，结构色变得更加鲜明。光子水的反射色可以响应适当的物理或化学刺激在整个可见光区域内进行调制。

[1127] Silica-Based Photonic Crystals Embedded in a Chitosan-Teos Matrix: Preparation, Properties and Proposed Applications Journal of Materials Science, 2016, 51(11): 5388-5396. Our research involves the development of a pH-sensitive chitosan-tetraethyl orthosilicate interpenetrating polymer network (Chi-TEOS IPN) suitable for the introduction of ordered silica nanoparticles. The pH-sensitive properties of the IPN provide an innovative framework for ordered colloidal silica (SiO2) films known as photonic crystals. The pH-sensitive properties of chitosan occur naturally due to its cationic polyelectrolyte structure; cross-linking with TEOS provides mechanical strength and incorporation of the silica photonic crystal provides a means of optical detection for a pH-driven expansion mechanism. Chitosan-tetraethyl orthosilicate-silica (Chi-TEOS-SiO2) composites are formed through a three-step mechanism in which the silica photonic crystal and Chi-TEOS IPN hydrogel are synthesized separately and then combined to form the Chi-TEOS-SiO2 composite. The silica photonic crystals, IPN membranes and final composite structures were analysed separately through optical, mechanical and swelling studies. Through the successful fabrication of a Chi-TEOS-SiO2 composite we propose a membrane suitable for applications in environmental, chemical and biological sensing of pH.
基于二氧化硅的光子晶体嵌入壳聚糖-焦磷酸盐基质：制备、性质及拟应用研究 材料科学杂志，2016，51(11)：5388-5396。我们的研究涉及开发一种 pH 敏感的壳聚糖-正硅酸四乙酯互穿聚合物网络（Chi-TEOS IPN），适用于引入有序二氧化硅纳米颗粒。IPN 的 pH 敏感性质为有序胶体二氧化硅（SiO2）薄膜，即光子晶体，提供了一个创新框架。壳聚糖的 pH 敏感性质由于其阳离子聚电解质结构而自然存在；与 TEOS 交联提供机械强度，而二氧化硅光子晶体的引入为 pH 驱动膨胀机制提供了一种光学检测手段。壳聚糖-正硅酸四乙酯-二氧化硅（Chi-TEOS-SiO2）复合材料通过三步机制形成，其中二氧化硅光子晶体和 Chi-TEOS IPN 水凝胶分别合成，然后结合形成 Chi-TEOS-SiO2 复合材料。 二氧化硅光子晶体、IPN 膜和最终复合结构分别通过光学、力学和膨胀研究进行了分析。通过成功制备 Chi-TEOS-SiO2 复合材料，我们提出了一种适用于 pH 环境传感、化学传感和生物传感的膜。

[1128] Kinetics of Antibody Binding to Membranes of Living Bacteria Measured by a Photonic Crystal-Based Biosensor Biosensors-Basel, 2016, 6(4). Optical biosensors based on photonic crystal surface waves (PC SWs) offer a possibility to study binding interactions with living cells, overcoming the limitation of rather small evanescent field penetration depth into a sample medium that is characteristic for typical optical biosensors. Besides this, simultaneous excitation of s-and p-polarized surface waves with different penetration depths is realized here, permitting unambiguous separation of surface and volume contributions to the measured signal. PC-based biosensors do not require a bulk signal correction, compared to widely used surface plasmon resonance-based devices. We developed a chitosan-based protocol of PC chip functionalization for bacterial attachment and performed experiments on antibody binding to living bacteria measured in real time by the PCSW-based biosensor. Data analysis reveals specific binding and gives the value of the dissociation constant for monoclonal antibodies (IgG2b) against bacterial lipopolysaccharides equal to K-D = 6.2 +/- 3.4 nM. To our knowledge, this is a first demonstration of antibody-binding kinetics to living bacteria by a label-free optical biosensor.
[1128] 基于光子晶体生物传感器的活细菌膜抗体结合动力学测量 生物传感器-Basel，2016，6(4)。基于光子晶体表面波（PC SWs）的光学生物传感器为研究与活细胞结合的相互作用提供了可能性，克服了典型光学生物传感器特有的样品介质中较浅的渐逝场穿透深度的限制。此外，这里实现了具有不同穿透深度的 s-和 p-极化表面波的同步激发，允许明确分离测量信号中的表面和体积贡献。与广泛使用的基于表面等离子体共振的设备相比，基于 PC 的生物传感器不需要进行整体信号校正。我们开发了一种基于壳聚糖的 PC 芯片功能化方案，用于细菌附着，并使用基于 PCSW 的生物传感器对活细菌上的抗体结合进行了实时测量实验。数据分析揭示了特异性结合，并给出了针对细菌脂多糖的单克隆抗体（IgG2b）解离常数的值为 K-D = 6.2 +/- 3.4 nM。 据我们所知，这是首次通过无标记光学生物传感器展示抗体与活细菌结合的动力学。

[1129] Multivariable Sensors for Ubiquitous Monitoring of Gases in the Era of Internet of Things and Industrial Internet Chemical Reviews, 2016, 116(19): 11877-11923. Modem gas monitoring scenarios for medical diagnostics, environmental surveillance, industrial safety, and other applications demand new sensing capabilities. This Review provides analysis of development of new generation of gas sensors based on the multivariable response principles. Design criteria of these individual sensors involve a sensing material with multiresponse mechanisms to different gases and a multivariable transducer with independent outputs to recognize these different gas responses. These new sensors quantify individual components in mixtures, reject interferences, and offer more stable response over sensor arrays. Such performance is attractive when selectivity advantages of classic gas chromatography, ion mobility, and mass spectrometry instruments are canceled by requirements for no consumables, low power, low cost, and unobtrusive form factors for Internet of Things, Industrial Internet, and other applications. This Review is concluded with a perspective for future needs in fundamental and applied aspects of gas sensing and with the 2025 roadmap for ubiquitous gas monitoring.
多变量传感器在物联网和工业互联网时代对气体进行普遍监测，化学评论，2016，116(19)：11877-11923。现代气体监测场景，如医疗诊断、环境监控、工业安全和其它应用，需要新的传感能力。本综述分析了基于多变量响应原理的新一代气体传感器的发展。这些单个传感器的设计标准包括具有对不同气体多响应机制的传感材料以及具有独立输出的多变量变换器，以识别这些不同的气体响应。这些新传感器量化混合物中的单个成分，消除干扰，并在传感器阵列上提供更稳定的响应。当经典气体色谱、离子迁移率和质谱仪器的选择性优势因物联网、工业互联网和其他应用对无消耗品、低功耗、低成本和非侵入性形态的要求而被取消时，这种性能具有吸引力。 本综述总结了气体传感在基础和实际应用方面的未来需求视角，以及 2025 年普遍气体监测路线图。

[1130] Vapour Sensitivity of an Ald Hierarchical Photonic Structure Inspired By Bioinspiration and Biomimetics, 2016, 11(3): 036011. The unique architecture of iridescent Morpho butterfly scales is known to exhibit different optical responses to various vapours. However, the mechanism behind this phenomenon is not fully quantitatively understood. This work reports on process developments in the micro-fabrication of a Morpho-inspired photonic structure in atomic layer deposited (ALD) materials in order to investigate the vapour optical sensitivity of such artificial nanostructures. By developing recipes for dry and wet etching of ALD oxides, we micro-fabricated two structures: one combining Al2O3 and TiO2, and the other combining Al2O3 and HfO2. For the first time, we report the optical response of such ALD Morpho-like structures measured under a controlled flow of either ethanol or isopropyl alcohol (IPA) vapour. In spite of the small magnitude of the effect, the results show a selective vapour response (depending on the materials used).
[1130] 受生物灵感和仿生学启发的阿勒德分层光子结构的蒸汽敏感性，2016，11(3)：036011。虹膜蝴蝶鳞片的独特结构已知对不同蒸汽表现出不同的光学响应。然而，这种现象背后的机制尚未完全定量理解。这项工作报道了在原子层沉积（ALD）材料中微加工受阿勒德启发的光子结构的过程发展，以研究此类人工纳米结构的蒸汽光学敏感性。通过开发 ALD 氧化物的干法和湿法蚀刻配方，我们微加工了两种结构：一种结合了 Al2O3 和 TiO2，另一种结合了 Al2O3 和 HfO2。我们首次报道了在控制流量的乙醇或异丙醇（IPA）蒸汽下测量的此类 ALD 阿勒德类似结构的光学响应。尽管效果幅度较小，但结果表明存在选择性蒸汽响应（取决于使用的材料）。

[1131] Pretreated Butterfly Wings for Tuning the Selective Vapor Sensing Sensors, 2016, 16(9): 9. Photonic nanoarchitectures occurring in the scales of Blue butterflies are responsible for their vivid blue wing coloration. These nanoarchitectures are quasi-ordered nanocomposites which are constituted from a chitin matrix with embedded air holes. Therefore, they can act as chemically selective sensors due to their color changes when mixing volatile vapors in the surrounding atmosphere which condensate into the nanoarchitecture through capillary condensation. Using a home-built vapor-mixing setup, the spectral changes caused by the different air + vapor mixtures were efficiently characterized. It was found that the spectral shift is vapor-specific and proportional with the vapor concentration. We showed that the conformal modification of the scale surface by atomic layer deposition and by ethanol pretreatment can significantly alter the optical response and chemical selectivity, which points the way to the efficient production of sensor arrays based on the knowledge obtained through the investigation of modified butterfly wings.
[1131] 预处理蝴蝶翅膀用于调谐选择性蒸汽传感传感器，2016，16(9): 9。蓝色蝴蝶鳞片中的光子纳米结构是其鲜艳蓝色翅膀颜色的原因。这些纳米结构是准有序的纳米复合材料，由含有嵌入空气孔的几丁质基质构成。因此，它们可以作为化学选择性传感器，因为当周围的气氛中混合挥发性蒸汽并通过毛细凝结凝结到纳米结构中时，它们的颜色会发生变化。使用自制的蒸汽混合装置，由不同空气+蒸汽混合物引起的光谱变化被有效地表征。研究发现，光谱偏移是蒸汽特定的，并且与蒸汽浓度成正比。我们表明，通过原子层沉积和乙醇预处理对鳞片表面进行共形改性可以显著改变光学响应和化学选择性，这为基于通过研究改性蝴蝶翅膀获得的知识高效生产传感器阵列指明了方向。

[1132] Metal Ion Ornamented Ultrafast Light-Sensitive Nanogel for Potential in Vivo Cancer Therapy Chemistry of Materials, 2016, 28(23): 8598-8610. A smart, ultrafast, light-responsive nanogel is a potential carrier for on-demand and immediate delivery of therapeutic agents. Here, a novel branched pentaerythritol poly(caprolactone)-b-poly(acrylic acid)-based smart, light-responsive nanogel has been fabricated by using ferric ion (Fe3+) as a cross-linker. The mentioned block copolymer has been synthesized by combining both the ring opening and atom transfer radical polymerization techniques. Branched structure of the polymer offers a minute amount (1.5 mol %) of Fe3+ sufficient for nanogel formation. The nanogel looks like a spherically shaped human brain holding the water molecule as like cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. The particle size of the nanogel has been tailored (between 30 and 450 nm) by separately varying both the molar concentration of Fe3+ and polymer chain length. The highly negative zeta potential (-46 mV) of the nanogel promotes its impressive colloidal stability and prolongs the circulation vivo. Nanogels securely hold the DOX molecules (maximum drug loading capacity: 26.2%). Exposure of light onto the nanogel (in the presence of lactic acid) produces immediate initiation of de-cross-linking followed by the release of DOX molecules (85.2% at 120 min). The nanogel shows significantly high uptake and acute toxicity against a cancerous cell line (C6 glioma) in vitro. Administration of the DOX-loaded nanogel on the C6 glioma rat model (in vivo) offered tremendous inhibition (similar to 91%) of tumor growth without any toxic side effects (confirmed by histopathology).
[1132] 金属离子修饰的超快光敏纳米凝胶：用于体内癌症治疗的潜力 化学材料，2016，28(23)：8598-8610。一种智能、超快、光响应的纳米凝胶是治疗剂按需和即时递送的理想载体。在这里，通过使用铁离子（Fe3+）作为交联剂，制备了一种新型的分支型戊四醇聚己内酯-b-聚丙烯酸智能、光响应纳米凝胶。所述嵌段共聚物是通过结合开环聚合和原子转移自由基聚合技术合成的。聚合物的分支结构提供了少量（1.5 mol%）的 Fe3+，足以形成纳米凝胶。该纳米凝胶看起来像是一个球形的人脑，就像大脑中的脑脊液一样，承载着水分子。通过分别改变 Fe3+的摩尔浓度和聚合物链长，已对纳米凝胶的粒径进行了定制（介于 30 至 450 nm 之间）。纳米凝胶的高度负 zeta 电位（-46 mV）促进了其令人印象深刻的胶体稳定性和延长了体内的循环时间。 纳米凝胶牢固地固定 DOX 分子（最大药物负载能力：26.2%）。在乳酸存在下，对纳米凝胶照射光线会产生立即的解交联启动，随后释放 DOX 分子（120 分钟时释放 85.2%）。该纳米凝胶在体外对癌细胞系（C6 胶质瘤）表现出显著的高摄取和急性毒性。在 C6 胶质瘤大鼠模型（体内）中给予载 DOX 的纳米凝胶，提供了巨大的肿瘤生长抑制（类似于 91%），且没有任何毒性副作用（经组织病理学证实）。

[1133] A Systematic Review of Evidence and Implications of Spatial and Seasonal Variations of Volatile Organic Compounds (Voc) in Indoor Human Environments Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2016, 19(2): 47-64. ABSTRACTMany volatile organic compounds (VOC) are classified as known or possible human carcinogens, irritants, and toxicants, and VOC exposure has been associated with asthma and other respiratory symptoms/diseases. This review summarizes recent quantitative data regarding VOC in four categories of indoor environments (schools, housing, offices, and other indoor) and compares the types and concentration levels of individual VOC that were detected, measured, and reported according to season (cold and warm). The influence of outdoor air on concentrations of indoor VOC was also assessed as ratios of indoor versus outdoor. Papers published from 2000 onward were reviewed and 1383 potentially relevant studies were identified. From these, 177 were removed after duplication, 1176 were excluded for not meeting the review criteria, and 40 were included in this review. On average, higher mean concentrations of indoor VOC were found in housing environments, in offices, and in the cold season. Volatile organic compounds are commonly present in indoor air and specific compounds, and their concentrations vary among indoor environments and seasons, indicating corresponding differences in sources (indoors and outdoors). Actions and policies to reduce VOC exposures, such as improved product labeling and consumer education, are recommended.
[1133] 关于室内环境中挥发性有机化合物（VOC）空间和季节变化证据及影响的系统评价，《毒理学与环境健康杂志》（B 部分），2016 年，19(2): 47-64。摘要：许多挥发性有机化合物（VOC）被归类为已知或可能的人类致癌物、刺激性物质和有毒物质，VOC 暴露与哮喘和其他呼吸症状/疾病有关。本综述总结了关于室内环境（学校、住宅、办公室和其他室内）中 VOC 的最近定量数据，并比较了根据季节（冷和暖）检测、测量和报告的个体 VOC 的类型和浓度水平。还评估了室外空气对室内 VOC 浓度的影响，以室内与室外浓度比的形式表示。回顾了 2000 年及以后发表的论文，并确定了 1383 项可能相关的研究。在这些研究中，177 项因重复而被删除，1176 项因不符合审查标准而被排除，40 项被纳入本次审查。 平均而言，室内 VOC（挥发性有机化合物）的平均浓度在住宅环境、办公室和寒冷季节中较高。挥发性有机化合物通常存在于室内空气中，并且具体化合物的浓度在室内环境和季节之间有所不同，这表明来源（室内和室外）之间存在相应的差异。建议采取行动和政策来减少 VOC 暴露，例如改进产品标签和消费者教育。

[1134] Real-Time Imaging of Self-Sorted Supramolecular Nanofibres Nature Chemistry, 2016, 8(8): 743-752. Self-sorted supramolecular nanofibres-a multicomponent system that consists of several types of fibre, each composed of distinct building units-play a crucial role in complex, well-organized systems with sophisticated functions, such as living cells. Designing and controlling self-sorting events in synthetic materials and understanding their structures and dynamics in detail are important elements in developing functional artificial systems. Here, we describe the in situ real-time imaging of self-sorted supramolecular nanofibre hydrogels consisting of a peptide gelator and an amphiphilic phosphate. The use of appropriate fluorescent probes enabled the visualization of self-sorted fibres entangled in two and three dimensions through confocal laser scanning microscopy and super-resolution imaging, with 80 nm resolution. In situ time-lapse imaging showed that the two types of fibre have different formation rates and that their respective physicochemical properties remain intact in the gel. Moreover, we directly visualized stochastic non-synchronous fibre formation and observed a cooperative mechanism.
[1134] 实时成像自组装超分子纳米纤维《自然化学》，2016，8(8)：743-752。自组装超分子纳米纤维——由多种纤维组成的多组分系统，每种纤维由不同的构建单元组成——在具有复杂、高度组织结构和复杂功能的系统（如活细胞）中起着关键作用。设计和控制合成材料中的自排序事件，并详细了解它们的结构和动力学，是开发功能人工系统的重要要素。在此，我们描述了由肽凝胶剂和两亲性磷酸盐组成的自组装超分子纳米纤维水凝胶的原位实时成像。使用适当的荧光探针，通过共聚焦激光扫描显微镜和超分辨率成像，以 80 纳米的分辨率可视化了在二维和三维中纠缠的自组装纤维。原位时间间隔成像显示，两种类型的纤维具有不同的形成速率，并且它们各自的物理化学性质在凝胶中保持完整。 此外，我们直接可视化了随机非同步纤维形成，并观察到一种协同机制。

[1135] Light-Directed Self-Assembly of Robust Alginate Gels at Precise Locations in Microfluidic Channels ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2016, 8(27): 17529-17538. Recently there has been much interest in using light to activate self-assembly of molecules in a fluid, leading to gelation. The advantage of light over other stimuli lies in its spatial selectivity, i.e., its ability to be directed at a precise location, which could be particularly useful in microfluidic applications. However, existing light-responsive fluids are not suitable for these purposes since they do not convert into sufficiently strong gels that can withstand shear. Here, we address this deficiency by developing a new light-responsive system based on the well-known polysaccharide, alginate. The fluid is composed entirely of commercially available components: alginate, a photoacid generator (PAG), and a chelated complex of divalent strontium (Sr2+) cations. Upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, the PAG dissociates to release H+ ions, which in turn induce the release of free Sr2+ from the chelate. The Sr2+ ions self-assemble with the alginate chains to give a stiff gel with an elastic modulus, similar to 2000 Pa and a yield stress similar to 400 Pa (this gel is strong enough to be picked up and held by one's fingers). The above fluid is sent through a network of microchannels and a short segment of a specific channel is exposed to UV light. At that point, the fluid is locally transformed into a strong gel in a few minutes, and the resulting gel blocks the flow through that channel while other channels remain open. When the UV light is removed, the gel is gradually diluted by the flow and the channel reopens. We have thus demonstrated a remote -controlled fluidic valve that can be closed by shining light and reopened when the light is removed. In addition, we also show that light-induced gelation of our alginate fluid can be used to deposit biocompatible payloads at specific addresses within a microchannel.
[1135] 光引导在微流控通道中精确位置的耐久海藻酸盐凝胶的自组装 ACS 应用材料与界面，2016，8(27)：17529-17538。最近，人们越来越关注利用光来激活流体中分子的自组装，从而导致凝胶化。光相对于其他刺激的优势在于其空间选择性，即其能够被引导到精确的位置，这在微流控应用中可能特别有用。然而，现有的光响应流体不适合这些目的，因为它们不能转化为足够坚固的凝胶，无法承受剪切。在这里，我们通过开发一种基于已知的多糖——海藻酸盐的新光响应系统来解决这个问题。该流体完全由商业可用的成分组成：海藻酸盐、光酸发生器（PAG）和二价锶（Sr2+）阳离子的螯合复合物。在紫外线（UV）照射下，PAG 解离释放 H+离子，进而诱导螯合物中自由 Sr2+的释放。 Sr2+离子与藻酸盐链自组装，形成具有类似 2000 Pa 弹性模量和类似 400 Pa 屈服应力的坚硬凝胶（这种凝胶足够坚固，可以用手指拿起并保持）。上述流体被送入微通道网络，并使特定通道的短段暴露于紫外光下。此时，流体在几分钟内局部转变为强凝胶，形成的凝胶阻塞了该通道的流动，而其他通道保持开放。当紫外光移除后，凝胶逐渐被流动稀释，通道重新开放。因此，我们展示了可以通过光照关闭并移除光照后重新开启的远程控制流体阀门。此外，我们还表明，光诱导的藻酸盐流体凝胶化可以用于在微通道内的特定地址沉积生物相容性载荷。

[1136] Internal and External Temperature Monitoring of a Li-Ion Battery with Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors Sensors, 2016, 16(9). The integration of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors in lithium-ion cells for in-situ and in-operando temperature monitoring is presented herein. The measuring of internal and external temperature variations was performed through four FBG sensors during galvanostatic cycling at C-rates ranging from 1C to 8C. The FBG sensors were placed both outside and inside the cell, located in the center of the electrochemically active area and at the tab-electrode connection. The internal sensors recorded temperature variations of 4.0 +/- 0.1 degrees C at 5C and 4.7 +/- 0.1 degrees C at 8C at the center of the active area, and 3.9 +/- 0.1 degrees C at 5C and 4.0 +/- 0.1 degrees C at 8C at the tab-electrode connection, respectively. This study is intended to contribute to detection of a temperature gradient in real time inside a cell, which can determine possible damage in the battery performance when it operates under normal and abnormal operating conditions, as well as to demonstrate the technical feasibility of the integration of in-operando microsensors inside Li-ion cells.
[1136] 纤维布拉格光栅（FBG）传感器在锂离子电池中的原位和操作温度监测集成研究。本文通过四个 FBG 传感器在 1C 至 8C 的恒电流率下进行电化学循环，测量了内部和外部温度变化。FBG 传感器既放置在电池外部，也放置在电池内部，位于电化学活性区域的中心以及端子-电极连接处。内部传感器记录了在 5C 时中心活性区域 4.0 +/- 0.1 摄氏度，8C 时 4.7 +/- 0.1 摄氏度的温度变化，以及 5C 时端子-电极连接处 3.9 +/- 0.1 摄氏度，8C 时 4.0 +/- 0.1 摄氏度的温度变化。 本研究旨在为实时检测细胞内的温度梯度做出贡献，这可以确定电池在正常和异常工作条件下的性能可能受到的损害，同时展示在锂离子电池内集成原位微传感器的技术可行性。

[1137] Photonic Hydrogels from Chiral Nematic Mesoporous Chitosan Nanofibril Assemblies Advanced Functional Materials, 2016, 26(17): 2875-2881. Iridescence in animals and plants often arises from structural coloration, which involves hierarchical organization of minerals and biopolymers over length scales of the visible spectrum, leading to diffraction of light. In this work, discarded crustacean shells that are not known for their structural colors are used to produce photonic nanostructures of large, freestanding chiral nematic mesoporous chitosan membranes with tunable iridescent color. Bioinspired by colorful nanostructures in nature, photonic hydrogels with Bouligand-type organization are fabricated from the twisted mesoporous membranes, where the chitosan nanofibrils are a novel precursor for surface acetylation and are also a biotemplate for polymerizing methyl methacrylate. The colors of the hydrogels can be tailored by swelling as they show large volume changes in response to changes in solvent environment.
[1137] 光子水凝胶：从手性液晶介孔壳聚糖纳米纤维组装体中制备，先进功能材料，2016，26(17)：2875-2881。动物和植物中的彩虹色通常源于结构色，这涉及到矿物和生物聚合物在可见光谱长度尺度上的分层组织，导致光的衍射。在这项工作中，使用不为人知其结构色的废弃甲壳类动物壳来制备具有可调彩虹色的大型、独立的手性液晶介孔壳聚糖薄膜的光子纳米结构。受自然界中彩色纳米结构的启发，通过扭曲的介孔膜制备了具有 Bouligand 型组织的光子水凝胶，其中壳聚糖纳米纤维是表面乙酰化的新颖前体，也是甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合的生物模板。水凝胶的颜色可以通过膨胀来定制，因为它们在溶剂环境变化时表现出大的体积变化。

[1138] A Cost-Effective Distributed Acoustic Sensor Using a Commercial Off-the-Shelf Dfb Laser and Direct Detection Phase-Otdr Ieee Photonics Journal, 2016, 8(1): 1-10. We propose and experimentally demonstrate the use of cyclic pulse coding for enhanced performance in distributed acoustic sensing based on a phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (phi-OTDR) using direct detection. First, we present a theoretical analysis showing that to make cyclic pulse coding effective in phi-OTDR, the laser linewidth and stability must be optimized to simultaneously guarantee intrapulse coherence and interpulse incoherence. We then confirm that commercial off-the-shelf distributed feedback (DFB) lasers can satisfy these conditions, providing coding gain consistent with theoretical predictions. By externally modulating such lasers with cyclic pulse coding, we demonstrate a distributed acoustic sensor capable of measuring vibrations of up to 500 Hz over 5 km of standard single-mode fiber with 5-m spatial resolution with similar to 9-dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement compared with the single-pulse equivalent. We also show that the proposed solution offers sensing performances that are comparable to similar sensors employing highly coherent and stabilized external cavity lasers and a single-pulse phi-OTDR.
[1138] 一种基于商用现货 Dfb 激光器和直接检测相 OTDR 的具有成本效益的分布式声学传感器。IEEE 光子学杂志，2016，8(1): 1-10。我们提出并实验演示了在基于相敏感光时域反射计（phi-OTDR）的直接检测的分布式声学传感中，使用循环脉冲编码来提高性能。首先，我们进行理论分析表明，为了使循环脉冲编码在 phi-OTDR 中有效，必须优化激光线宽和稳定性，以同时保证脉冲内相干性和脉冲间非相干性。然后我们证实，商用现货分布式反馈（DFB）激光器可以满足这些条件，提供与理论预测一致的编码增益。通过外部调制此类激光器以循环脉冲编码，我们演示了一种分布式声学传感器，该传感器能够测量高达 500 Hz 的振动，在 5 km 的标准单模光纤上具有 5 m 的空间分辨率，与单脉冲等效相比，信号噪声比（SNR）提高了约 9 dB。 我们同样表明，所提出的解决方案提供的传感性能与采用高度相干和稳频外腔激光器以及单脉冲 phi-OTDR 的类似传感器相当。

[1139] Visualized Optical Sensors Based on Two/Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals for Biochemicals Science Bulletin, 2016, 61(17): 1358-1371. Responsive photonic crystals (RPCs) constructed by periodic two/three-dimensional (2D/3D) photonic crystals (PCs) and responsive-material hosts, are important visualized optical sensors. Their optical diffraction color can be tuned reversibly by external stimuli, such as pH, metal ions, biomolecules, vapors and solvents, hence leading to wide applications as visualized sensors. This review introduces the recent progress of RPCs based on 2D/3D PCs for visual detection of chemical and biological analytes, including the preparation of 2D PCs, 3D PCs films, 3D PCs microbeads and their applications as visualized sensors. The different cases of detecting various chemical and biological analytes by naked eyes are presented. Emphasis is given to the description of their respective sensing mechanisms with the different systems for chemical and biological analytes. Compared with 3D RPCs sensors, 2D RPCs sensors have shorter response time, better stabilization and higher production efficiency, however, the diffraction intensity of 2D RPCs based on monolayered 2D polystyrene (PS) microsphere array are weak. 2D RPCs sensors based on 2D Au nanosphere can significantly improve the diffraction intensity compared with traditional 2D RPCs sensors based on monolayered PS microsphere array. The much higher scattering cross section of Au nanosphere leads to 2D Au nanosphere array with ultrahigh optical diffraction intensity, which are highly helpful for their practical application as visual sensors and further quantitative detection by monitoring the diffraction peak position and intensity.
基于二维/三维光子晶体的可视化光学传感器：响应性光子晶体（RPCs）由周期性的二维/三维（2D/3D）光子晶体（PCs）和响应性材料基质构成，是重要的可视化光学传感器。它们的光学衍射颜色可以通过外部刺激如 pH 值、金属离子、生物分子、蒸汽和溶剂进行可逆调节，因此作为可视化传感器具有广泛的应用。本文综述了基于 2D/3D 光子晶体的 RPCs 在化学和生物分析物可视化检测方面的最新进展，包括二维 PCs、3D PC 薄膜、3D PC 微球的制备及其作为可视化传感器的应用。展示了用肉眼检测各种化学和生物分析物的不同案例。重点描述了它们各自的传感机制以及化学和生物分析物的不同系统。 与 3D RPCs 传感器相比，2D RPCs 传感器响应时间更短，稳定性更好，生产效率更高，然而，基于单层 2D 聚苯乙烯（PS）微球阵列的 2D RPCs 的衍射强度较弱。基于 2D 金纳米球的 2D RPCs 传感器与基于单层 PS 微球阵列的传统 2D RPCs 传感器相比，可以显著提高衍射强度。金纳米球的高散射截面导致 2D 金纳米球阵列具有超高的光学衍射强度，这对它们作为视觉传感器和通过监测衍射峰位置和强度进行进一步定量检测的实际应用非常有帮助。

[1140] Specific-Ion Effects in Non-Aqueous Systems Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 2016, 23: 82-93. It is widely acknowledged that specific-ion effects are ubiquitous in aqueous systems and undoubtedly are essential to the fundamental processes of life, although a. deep fundamental understanding of specific-ion effects remains an important challenge. Specific-ion effects in non-aqueous solvents are known but have attracted far less attention, yet knowledge of specific-ion effects in non-aqueous systems is,likely to provide important information for guiding, evaluating and testing our theories of specific-ion effects. Here, the literature on specific-ion effects in non-aqueous solvents is surveyed with a view to determining if the Hofmeister series or lyotropic series so universally observed in aqueous systems is widely evident in non-aqueous systems. Particular attention has been applied to experiments on non-aqueous systems that are known to exhibit Hofmeister series in aqueous systems with the aim of determining if a consistent ion ordering in the strength of specific-ion effects is observed in other solvents. We find that specific-ion effects are ubiquitous in non-aqueous solvents, that both Hofmeister and lyotropic series are widely observed, although not necessarily for the same class of experiment Moreover, we find that Hofmeister and lyotropic series are observed in non-aqueous solvents even for experiments in which these series are not observed for water. Additionally, series reversal is seen for a given experiment when the solvent is changed. All this poses significant challenges for our understanding of specific-ion effects in aqueous and non-aqueous systems and also provides guideposts for future investigations. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
非水体系中特定离子效应的当前观点在胶体与界面科学，2016，23：82-93。普遍认为，特定离子效应在水体系中普遍存在，并且无疑是生命基本过程所必需的，尽管对特定离子效应的深入基本理解仍然是一个重要挑战。非水溶剂中的特定离子效应已知，但受到的关注远较少，然而，对非水体系中特定离子效应的了解可能为我们指导、评估和测试特定离子效应理论提供重要信息。在此，对非水溶剂中特定离子效应的文献进行了综述，旨在确定在非水体系中普遍观察到的霍夫迈斯特系列或液晶系列是否广泛存在。特别关注了在已知在水体系中表现出霍夫迈斯特系列的溶剂中进行的实验，目的是确定是否观察到特定离子效应强度的离子顺序的一致性。 我们发现，在非水溶剂中普遍存在特定离子效应，Hofmeister 系列和亲水性系列都得到了广泛观察，尽管不一定适用于同一类实验。此外，即使在那些在水中没有观察到这些系列的实验中，Hofmeister 系列和亲水性系列在非水溶剂中也被观察到。此外，当溶剂改变时，对于给定的实验，还会出现系列反转。所有这些都对我们理解水溶液和非水溶液中的特定离子效应提出了重大挑战，并为未来的研究提供了指导。（C）2016 Elsevier Ltd. 版权所有。

[1141] Intramolecular Cross-Linking Methodologies for the Synthesis of Polymer Nanoparticles Chemical Reviews, 2016, 116(3): 878-961.
[1141] 用于合成聚合物纳米粒子的分子内交联方法化学评论，2016，116(3)：878-961。

[1142] Contributed Review: Distributed Optical Fibre Dynamic Strain Sensing Review of Scientific Instruments, 2016, 87(1): 011501. Extensive research on Brillouin- and Raman-based distributed optical fibre sensors over the past two decades has resulted in the commercialization of distributed sensors capable of measuring static and quasi-static phenomena such as temperature and strain. Recently, the focus has been shifted towards developing distributed sensors for measurement of dynamic phenomena such as dynamic strain and sound waves. This article reviews the current state of the art distributed optical fibre sensors capable of quantifying dynamic vibrations. The most important aspect of Rayleigh and Brillouin scattering processes which have been used for distributed dynamic measurement are studied. The principle of the sensing techniques used to measure dynamic perturbations are analyzed followed by a case study of the most recent advances in this field. It is shown that the Rayleigh-based sensors have longer sensing range and higher frequency range, but their spatial resolution is limited to 1 m. On the other hand, the Brillouin-based sensors have shown a higher spatial resolution, but relatively lower frequency and sensing ranges. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC.
[1142] 投稿综述：基于布里渊和拉曼分布式光纤动态应变传感——科学仪器评论，2016，87(1): 011501。过去二十年中，对基于布里渊和拉曼的分布式光纤传感器的广泛研究导致了能够测量静态和准静态现象（如温度和应变）的分布式传感器的商业化。最近，研究重点已转向开发用于测量动态现象（如动态应变和声波）的分布式传感器。本文综述了能够量化动态振动的当前先进分布式光纤传感器。研究了用于分布式动态测量的拉雷利和布里渊散射过程的最重要方面。分析了用于测量动态扰动的传感技术原理，随后对这一领域最近的研究进展进行了案例研究。结果表明，基于拉雷利的传感器具有更长的传感范围和更高的频率范围，但它们的空間分辨率限制在 1 米。 另一方面，基于布里渊的光传感器显示出更高的空间分辨率，但相对较低的频率和传感范围。（C）2016 AIP 出版公司版权所有。

[1143] Cellulose Ternary Photonic Crystal Created by Solution Processing Cellulose, 2016, 23(5): 2853-2862. For the first time, a multiplanar photonic crystal structure has been obtained using cellulose as a structural material. This all-polymer system, made of cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and poly(N-vinylcarbazole) is a ternary planar photonic crystal composed by 7 repeated trilayers produced by spin coating. Trimethylsilyl cellulose is used as a precursor to be converted to cellulose. Transverse Transmission Electron Microscopy analysis of our systems confirms the multilayered structure whose optical response can be theoretically accounted for. Preliminary results on the response of the photonic crystal to water vapors envisage the use of this system for humidity optical sensing.
[1143] 通过溶液处理制备的纤维素三元光子晶体，纤维素，2016，23(5)：2853-2862。首次，利用纤维素作为结构材料获得了多平面光子晶体结构。由纤维素、聚乙烯醇和聚(N-乙烯基咔唑)组成的全聚合物系统是一种三元平面光子晶体，由 7 个重复的三层结构通过旋涂制备而成。三甲基基硅烷纤维素用作前驱体，转化为纤维素。我们的系统采用横截面透射电子显微镜分析证实了多层结构，其光学响应可以理论上解释。初步结果表明，光子晶体对水蒸气的响应预示了该系统可用于湿度光学传感。

[1144] Indoor Pollutant Exposure among Children with and without Asthma in Porto, Portugal, During the Cold Season Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016, 23(20): 20539-20552. Considering the time spent in enclosed spaces, indoor air pollutants are of major interest because of its possible impact on health. However, to date, few studies have analysed the air concentrations of a large set of indoor pollutants of respiratory health relevance in dwellings, particularly in Portugal. This study aimed to measure the concentrations of air pollutants that are present in residential buildings and to investigate whether some clustering pattern of indoor air pollutants exists in the dwellings of children with (case group) and without asthma (control group). Measurements were taken in 30 and 38 dwellings of asthmatic and non-asthmatic schoolchildren, respectively, located in the city of Porto, Portugal, during the cold season (October 2012-April 2013), to assess the concentrations of 12 volatile organic compounds (VOC), aldehydes, PM2.5, PM10, bacteria and fungi. Toluene, d-limonene, formaldehyde, PM2.5, bacteria and fungi are widely present in dwellings, sometimes in relatively high concentrations in reference to WHO guideline values. Moreover, concentrations of CO2 exceeding 1000 ppm were often encountered, indicating that 70 % of all dwellings had poor ventilation (< 4 L/s person). While exposures to common dwelling indoor pollutants are similar for schoolchildren with and without asthma, except for d-limonene levels, the identification and control of VOC and PM sources is important and prudent, especially for vulnerable individuals.
[1144] 葡萄牙波尔图地区哮喘儿童和非哮喘儿童在寒冷季节的室内污染物暴露情况，环境科学与污染研究，2016，23(20)：20539-20552。考虑到在封闭空间中度过的时间，室内空气污染物因其可能对健康的影响而备受关注。然而，迄今为止，很少有研究分析了住宅中与呼吸健康相关的大量室内污染物的空气浓度，尤其是在葡萄牙。本研究旨在测量住宅建筑中存在的空气污染物的浓度，并调查哮喘儿童（病例组）和非哮喘儿童（对照组）住宅中是否存在室内空气污染物的某些聚类模式。测量在葡萄牙波尔图市 30 个哮喘儿童和 38 个非哮喘儿童住宅中进行，时间为寒冷季节（2012 年 10 月至 2013 年 4 月），以评估 12 种挥发性有机化合物（VOC）、醛类、PM2.5、PM10、细菌和真菌的浓度。 甲苯、d-柠檬烯、甲醛、PM2.5、细菌和真菌在住宅中普遍存在，有时浓度相对较高，与世卫组织指南值相比。此外，经常遇到二氧化碳浓度超过 1000 ppm 的情况，这表明 70%的住宅通风不良（每人<4 L/s）。尽管哮喘儿童和非哮喘儿童对常见住宅室内污染物的暴露相似，除了 d-柠檬烯水平外，识别和控制 VOC 和 PM 来源非常重要且谨慎，尤其是对易感人群而言。

[1145] A Multiresponsive Anisotropic Hydrogel with Macroscopic 3d Complex Deformations Advanced Functional Materials, 2016, 26(47): 8670-8676. As one of the most promising smart materials, stimuli-responsive polymer hydrogels (SPHs) can reversibly change volume or shape in response to external stimuli. They thus have shown promising applications in many fields. While considerable progress of 2D deformation of SPHs has been achieved, the realization of 3D or even more complex deformation still remains a significant challenge. Here, a general strategy towards designing multiresponsive, macroscopically anisotropic SPHs (MA-SPHs) with the ability of 3D complex deformations is reported. Through a local UV-reduction of graphene oxide sheets (GOs) with a patterned fashion in the GO-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (GO-PNIPAM) composite hydrogel sheet, MA-SPHs can be achieved after the introduction of a second poly(methylacrylic acid) network in the unreduced part of GO-PNIPAM hydrogel sheet. The resulting 3D MA-SPHs can provide remote-controllable light-driven, as well as thermo-, pH-, and ionic strength-triggered multiresponsive 3D complex deformations. Approaches in this study may provide new insights in designing and fabricating intelligent soft materials for bioinspired applications.
[1145] 具有宏观三维复杂变形的多响应各向异性水凝胶，《先进功能材料》，2016，26(47)：8670-8676。作为一种最有前景的智能材料，刺激响应聚合物水凝胶（SPHs）能够在外部刺激下可逆地改变体积或形状。因此，它们在许多领域显示出有希望的应用。尽管在 SPHs 的二维变形方面取得了相当大的进展，但实现三维或更复杂的变形仍然是一个重大挑战。在此，报道了一种设计具有三维复杂变形能力的多响应、宏观各向异性 SPHs（MA-SPHs）的通用策略。通过在 GO-聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)（GO-PNIPAM）复合水凝胶膜中采用图案化的方式局部紫外还原氧化石墨烯片（GOs），在 GO-PNIPAM 水凝胶膜的未还原部分引入第二个聚甲基丙烯酸网络后，可以实现 MA-SPHs。所得的 3D MA-SPHs 可以提供远程可控的光驱动，以及热、pH 和离子强度触发的多响应三维复杂变形。 本研究中的方法可能为设计和制造用于仿生应用的智能软材料提供新的见解。

[1146] A Multiresponsive Anisotropic Hydrogel with Macroscopic 3d Complex Deformations Advanced Functional Materials, 2016, 26(47): 8670-8676. As one of the most promising smart materials, stimuli-responsive polymer hydrogels (SPHs) can reversibly change volume or shape in response to external stimuli. They thus have shown promising applications in many fields. While considerable progress of 2D deformation of SPHs has been achieved, the realization of 3D or even more complex deformation still remains a significant challenge. Here, a general strategy towards designing multiresponsive, macroscopically anisotropic SPHs (MA-SPHs) with the ability of 3D complex deformations is reported. Through a local UV-reduction of graphene oxide sheets (GOs) with a patterned fashion in the GO-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (GO-PNIPAM) composite hydrogel sheet, MA-SPHs can be achieved after the introduction of a second poly(methylacrylic acid) network in the unreduced part of GO-PNIPAM hydrogel sheet. The resulting 3D MA-SPHs can provide remote-controllable light-driven, as well as thermo-, pH-, and ionic strength-triggered multiresponsive 3D complex deformations. Approaches in this study may provide new insights in designing and fabricating intelligent soft materials for bioinspired applications.
[1146] 具有宏观三维复杂变形的多响应各向异性水凝胶，《先进功能材料》，2016，26(47)：8670-8676。作为一种最有前景的智能材料，刺激响应聚合物水凝胶（SPHs）能够在外部刺激下可逆地改变体积或形状。因此，它们在许多领域显示出有希望的应用。尽管在 SPHs 的二维变形方面取得了相当大的进展，但实现三维或更复杂的变形仍然是一个重大挑战。在此，报道了一种设计具有三维复杂变形能力的多响应、宏观各向异性 SPHs（MA-SPHs）的通用策略。通过在 GO-聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)（GO-PNIPAM）复合水凝胶膜中采用图案化的方式局部紫外还原氧化石墨烯片（GOs），在 GO-PNIPAM 水凝胶膜的未还原部分引入第二个聚甲基丙烯酸网络后，可以实现 MA-SPHs。所得的 3D MA-SPHs 可以提供远程可控的光驱动，以及热、pH 和离子强度触发的多响应三维复杂变形。 本研究中的方法可能为设计和制造用于仿生应用的智能软材料提供新的见解。

[1147] Low‐Cost and Large‐Area Strain Sensors Based on Plasmonic Fano Resonances Advanced Optical Materials, 2016, 4(5): 715-721.
[1147] 基于等离子体法诺共振的低成本和大面积应变传感器，《先进光学材料》，2016，4(5)：715-721。

[1148] Visual Detection of 2,4,6-Trinitrotolune by Molecularly Imprinted Colloidal Array Photonic Crystal Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2016, 316: 87-93. We developed a photonic crystal (PhC) sensor for the quantification of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in solution. Monodisperse (210 nm in diameter) molecularly imprinted colloidal particles (MICs) for TNT were prepared by the emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate and acrylamide in the presence of TNT as a template. The MICs were then self-assembled into close-packed opal PhC films. The adsorption capacity of the MICs for TNT was 64 mg TNT/g. The diffraction from the PhC depended on the TNT concentration in a methanol/water (3/2, v/v) potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7.0, 30 mM). The limit of detection (LOD) of the sensor was 1.03 mu g. The color of the molecularly imprinted colloidal array (MICA) changed from green to red with an 84 nm diffraction red shift when the TNT concentration increased to 20 mM. The sensor response time was 3 min. The PhC sensor was selective for TNT compared to similar compounds such as 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, 2,6-dinitrotoluene, 2-nitromesitylene, 4-nitrotoluene, 2-nitrotoluene, 1,3-dinitrobenzene, methylbenzene, 4-nitrophenol, 2-nitroaniline, 3-aminophenol and 3-nitroaniline. The sensor showed high stability with little response change after three years storage. This sensor technology might be useful for the visual determination of TNT. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
[1148] 通过分子印迹胶体阵列光子晶体进行 2,4,6-三硝基甲苯的视觉检测，《危险材料杂志》，2016，316：87-93。我们开发了一种光子晶体（PhC）传感器，用于溶液中 2,4,6-三硝基甲苯（TNT）的定量。以 TNT 为模板，通过甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酰胺的乳液聚合制备了直径为 210 nm 的单分散分子印迹胶体粒子（MICs）。然后，这些 MICs 自组装成紧密堆积的蛋白石 PhC 薄膜。MICs 对 TNT 的吸附容量为 64 mg TNT/g。PhC 的衍射取决于甲醇/水（3/2，体积比）磷酸二氢钾缓冲溶液中的 TNT 浓度（pH = 7.0，30 mM）。传感器的检测限（LOD）为 1.03 μg。当 TNT 浓度增加到 20 mM 时，分子印迹胶体阵列（MICA）的颜色从绿色变为红色，衍射红移 84 nm。传感器的响应时间为 3 分钟。 PhC 传感器对 TNT 的选择性高于类似化合物，如 2,4,6-三硝基苯酚、2,4-二硝基甲苯、2,6-二硝基甲苯、2-硝基间甲苯、4-硝基甲苯、2-硝基甲苯、1,3-二硝基苯、甲苯、4-硝基苯、2-硝基苯胺、3-氨基苯酚和 3-硝基苯胺。该传感器在储存三年后表现出高稳定性，响应变化很小。这种传感器技术可能对 TNT 的视觉测定有用。（C）2016 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[1149] Bio-Inspired Fabrication of Stimuli-Responsive Photonic Crystals with Hierarchical Structures and Their Applications Nanotechnology, 2016, 27(12): 122001. When the constitutive materials of photonic crystals (PCs) are stimuli-responsive, the resultant PCs exhibit optical properties that can be tuned by the stimuli. This can be exploited for promising applications in colour displays, biological and chemical sensors, inks and paints, and many optically active components. However, the preparation of the required photonic structures is the first issue to be solved. In the past two decades, approaches such as microfabrication and self-assembly have been developed to incorporate stimuli-responsive materials into existing periodic structures for the fabrication of PCs, either as the initial building blocks or as the surrounding matrix. Generally, the materials that respond to thermal, pH, chemical, optical, electrical, or magnetic stimuli are either soft or aggregate, which is why the manufacture of three-dimensional hierarchical photonic structures with responsive properties is a great challenge. Recently, inspired by biological PCs in nature which exhibit both flexible and responsive properties, researchers have developed various methods to synthesize metals and metal oxides with hierarchical structures by using a biological PC as the template. This review will focus on the recent developments in this field. In particular, PCs with biological hierarchical structures that can be tuned by external stimuli have recently been successfully fabricated. These findings offer innovative insights into the design of responsive PCs and should be of great importance for future applications of these materials.
[1149] 受生物启发的具有分层结构的刺激响应光子晶体制造及其应用，纳米技术，2016，27（12）：122001。当光子晶体（PC）的构成材料具有刺激响应性时，所得的 PC 表现出可由刺激调谐的光学性质。这可以用于在彩色显示器、生物和化学传感器、油墨和涂料以及许多光学活性组件中的有希望的应用。然而，制备所需的 photonic structures 是首先要解决的问题。在过去二十年里，已经开发了微加工和自组装等方法，将刺激响应材料纳入现有的周期性结构中，用于制造 PC，无论是作为初始构建块还是作为周围基质。一般来说，对热、pH、化学、光学、电或磁刺激做出反应的材料要么是软的，要么是聚集的，这就是为什么制造具有响应特性的三维分层光子结构是一个巨大的挑战。 近期，受自然界中具有灵活性和响应性特性的生物 PC 的启发，研究人员已开发出多种方法，通过使用生物 PC 作为模板来合成具有分层结构的金属和金属氧化物。本综述将重点关注该领域的最新进展。特别是，最近成功制备了可以通过外部刺激进行调节的生物分层结构的 PC。这些发现为响应性 PC 的设计提供了创新见解，对于这些材料未来的应用具有重要意义。

[1150] Label-Free Vapor Selectivity in Poly( -Phenylene Oxide) Photonic Crystal Sensors ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2016, 8(46): 31941-31950. The lack of sensors for low cost, extensive, and continuous detection of vapor pollutants is a serious concern for health and safety in industrialized urban areas. Colorimetric sensors, such as distributed Bragg reflectors made of polymers, could achieve this task thanks to their low cost and easy signal transduction but are typically affected by low vapor permeability and lack of selectivity without chemical labeling. Here we demonstrate all-polymer Bragg multilayers for label-free selective detection of organic volatile compounds. The system exploits the ability of amorphous poly(p-phenylene oxide), PPO, to uptake large amount of guest molecules and to form cocrystalline phases with distinct optical properties. Bragg stacks embedding PPO active layers show selective colorimetric response to vapors of carbon tetrachloride and aromatic homologues, which can be revealed by the naked eye.
[1150] 无标记蒸气选择性在聚（-苯氧基）光子晶体传感器中的应用，ACS 应用材料与界面，2016，8（46）：31941-31950。缺乏用于低成本、广泛和连续检测蒸气污染物的传感器，对工业化城市地区的健康和安全构成严重担忧。如由聚合物制成的分布式布拉格反射器等比色传感器，由于其低成本和易于信号传导，可以实现这一任务，但通常受限于低蒸气渗透性和缺乏选择性（无需化学标记）。在此，我们展示了用于无标记选择性检测有机挥发性化合物的全聚合物布拉格多层结构。该系统利用了非晶态聚（-苯氧基）PPO 吸收大量客体分子并形成具有独特光学性质的原生共晶相的能力。嵌入 PPO 活性层的布拉格堆叠显示出对四氯化碳和芳香同系物蒸气的选择性比色响应，这可以通过肉眼观察到。

[1151] Distributed Fiber-Optic Sensors for Vibration Detection Sensors, 2016, 16(8). Distributed fiber-optic vibration sensors receive extensive investigation and play a significant role in the sensor panorama. Optical parameters such as light intensity, phase, polarization state, or light frequency will change when external vibration is applied on the sensing fiber. In this paper, various technologies of distributed fiber-optic vibration sensing are reviewed, from interferometric sensing technology, such as Sagnac, Mach Zehnder, and Michelson, to backscattering-based sensing technology, such as phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer, polarization-optical time domain reflectometer, optical frequency domain reflectometer, as well as some combinations of interferometric and backscattering-based techniques. Their operation principles are presented and recent research efforts are also included. Finally, the applications of distributed fiber-optic vibration sensors are summarized, which mainly include structural health monitoring and perimeter security, etc. Overall, distributed fiber-optic vibration sensors possess the advantages of large-scale monitoring, good concealment, excellent flexibility, and immunity to electromagnetic interference, and thus show considerable potential for a variety of practical applications.
[1151] 分布式光纤振动传感器，2016，16(8)。分布式光纤振动传感器受到广泛研究，并在传感器领域发挥着重要作用。当外部振动作用于传感光纤时，光学参数如光强度、相位、偏振状态或光频率将发生变化。本文回顾了分布式光纤振动传感的各种技术，从干涉测量技术，如萨格纳克、马赫-曾德尔和迈克尔逊干涉仪，到基于背向散射的传感技术，如相敏光时域反射仪、偏振光时域反射仪、光频域反射仪，以及干涉测量和基于背向散射技术的组合。介绍了它们的操作原理，并包括了最近的研究成果。最后，总结了分布式光纤振动传感器的应用，主要包括结构健康监测和周界安全等。 总体而言，分布式光纤振动传感器具有大规模监测、良好隐蔽性、卓越灵活性和抗电磁干扰等优点，因此在各种实际应用中显示出巨大的潜力。

[1152] Optical Fibre Fabry–Perot Relative Humidity Sensor Based on Hcpcf and Chitosan Film Journal of Modern Optics, 2016, 63(17): 1668-1674.
[1152] 基于 Hcpcf 和壳聚糖薄膜的光纤法布里-珀罗相对湿度传感器，《现代光学》，2016，63(17)：1668-1674。

[1153] Preparation of Alginate Hydrogels through Solution Extrusion and the Release Behavior of Different Drugs Journal of Biomaterials Science-Polymer Edition, 2016, 27(18): 1808-1823. Homogeneous alginate hydrogels were facilely fabricated through solution extrusion process. CaCO3 and D-glucono--lactone (GDL) were used as the gelation agents. The slow gelation of alginate was realized by the in-situ release of Ca2+ from CaCO3 particles induced by hydrolysis of GDL to reduce pH. Slight gelation during the extrusion caused the enhanced strength of the alginate solutions, leading to the extrudability of the blends. This method enables to produce alginate hydrogels in a single step via extrusion, which is economically advantageous to conventional lab-scale preparation for mass production. Three different drugs, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and methylthionine chloride, were used as model drugs to evaluate the drug release behavior of the alginate hydrogels. It was demonstrated that the drug release behavior was significantly adjusted by both the drug solubility and the ionic interaction between alginate and the drug molecule. It was shown that solution extrusion process is a feasible method to produce alginate-based drug delivery systems.
通过溶液挤出法制备海藻酸钠水凝胶及其不同药物释放行为的研究《生物材料科学-聚合物版》2016 年 27 卷 18 期：1808-1823。通过溶液挤出过程轻松制备了均质的海藻酸钠水凝胶。CaCO3 和 D-葡萄糖酸内酯（GDL）被用作凝胶化剂。通过 GDL 的水解降低 pH 值，诱导 CaCO3 颗粒中 Ca2+的现场释放，实现了海藻酸钠的缓慢凝胶化。挤出过程中的轻微凝胶化导致海藻酸钠溶液的强度增强，从而提高了混合物的可挤出性。这种方法可以通过挤出一步法生产海藻酸钠水凝胶，对传统实验室规模的大规模生产具有经济优势。使用三种不同的药物，即布洛芬、对乙酰氨基酚和氯化甲基噻唑，作为模型药物来评估海藻酸钠水凝胶的药物释放行为。研究表明，药物的溶解度和海藻酸钠与药物分子之间的离子相互作用都会显著调节药物的释放行为。 已证明溶液挤出工艺是生产基于藻酸盐的药物递送系统的可行方法。

[1154] Konjac Glucomannan/Polyacrylamide Bicomponent Hydrogels: Self-Healing Originating from Semi-Interpenetrating Network Polymer, 2016, 103: 146-151. A novel self-healing semi-interpenetrating network hydrogel based on a natural polymer (konjac glucomannan, KGM) and synthetic polymer (polyacrylamide, PAAm) is prepared by a simple one-pot synthesis method. The hydrogels show excellent self-healing ability at ambient temperature without the need for any stimulus or healing agent and high recovery degrees (up to 73% tensile strength) can be achieved at a prolonged healing time. The healed gels exhibit high tensile strength (up to 66 kPa) and high elongation (up to 1200%). And the effect of the NH3.H2O content, the ratio of KGM to acrylamide (AAm) and the cross-linker content on the self-healing efficiency have been investigated. The combination of structural transition of PAAm and the intermolecular hydrogen bonding is essential for self-healing property of the hydrogels. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
[1154] 魔芋甘露聚糖/聚丙烯酰胺双组分水凝胶：源于半互穿网络聚合物的自修复，2016，103: 146-151。通过简单的一锅合成法制备了一种基于天然聚合物（魔芋甘露聚糖，KGM）和合成聚合物（聚丙烯酰胺，PAAm）的新型自修复半互穿网络水凝胶。该水凝胶在室温下表现出优异的自修复能力，无需任何刺激或修复剂，并在延长修复时间下可达到高恢复度（高达 73%的拉伸强度）。修复后的凝胶表现出高拉伸强度（高达 66 kPa）和高伸长率（高达 1200%）。已研究了氨水含量、KGM 与丙烯酰胺（AAm）的比例和交联剂含量对自修复效率的影响。PAAm 的结构转变和分子间氢键的结合对于水凝胶的自修复性能至关重要。（C）2016 Elsevier Ltd. 版权所有。

[1155] Bio-Inspired Sensors Based on Photonic Structures of Butterfly Wings: A Review Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2016, 4(9): 1752-1763. The Morpho butterfly's wings display beautiful, naturally-occurring iridescent colors that are produced by incident light interacting with periodic nanostructures on wing scales. This type of photonic structure has attracted a great amount of attention from international researchers; studies devoted to this structure have especially increased in recent years. Due to the development of research on nature-inspired bionic structures, as well as demand for high-efficient low-cost microfabrication techniques, understanding and replicating the mechanism of Morpho butterfly structural coloration have become increasingly significant. These sophisticated structures have many unique functions and can be used for many applications. This review summarizes recent progress in bio-inspired sensors based on the photonic structures of Morpho butterfly wings. Bio-inspired sensors for infrared radiation/thermal, pH, vapor etc. are discussed in detail, with particular focus on fabrication methods and operation mechanisms. Finally, the disadvantages and limitations that may limit the practical applications of bio-inspired sensors are presented and discussed.
基于蝴蝶翅膀光子结构的生物灵感传感器：综述 材料化学 C 杂志，2016，4(9)：1752-1763。蓝孔雀蝴蝶的翅膀展现出美丽的、自然发生的彩虹色，这是入射光与翅膀鳞片上的周期性纳米结构相互作用产生的。这种光子结构引起了国际研究者的极大关注；近年来，专门研究这种结构的研究有所增加。由于自然灵感仿生结构研究的发展以及高效低成本微加工技术的需求，理解和复制蓝孔雀蝴蝶结构色的机制变得越来越重要。这些复杂结构具有许多独特功能，可用于多种应用。本综述总结了基于蓝孔雀蝴蝶翅膀光子结构的生物灵感传感器方面的最新进展。详细讨论了红外辐射/热、pH 值、蒸汽等生物灵感传感器的制造方法和操作机制。 最后，讨论了可能限制生物灵感传感器实际应用的缺点和局限性。

[1156] High Performance Hollow Metal–Organic Framework Nanoshell‐Based Etalons for Volatile Organic Compounds Detection Advanced Materials Technologies, 2016, 1(7): 1600127-1600134.
[1156] 基于高性能空心金属-有机框架纳米壳的挥发性有机化合物检测等厚干涉仪，先进材料技术，2016，1(7)：1600127-1600134。

[1157] Bio-Inspired Photonic Crystals with Superwettability Chemical Society Reviews, 2016, 45(24): 6833-6854. Photonic crystals (PCs) have attracted enormous research interest due to their unique light manipulation and potential applications in sensing, catalysts, detection, displays, solar cells and other fields. In particular, many novel applications of PCs are derived from their surface wettability. Generally, the wettability of PCs is determined by a combination of its surface geometrical structures and surface chemical compositions. This review focuses on the recent developments in the mechanism, fabrication and application of bio-inspired PCs with superwettability. It includes information on constructing superwetting PCs based on designing the topographical structure and regulating the surface chemical composition, and information on extending the practical applications of superwetting PCs in humidity/oil/solvent sensing, actuating, anti-fouling and liquid-impermeable surface, chemical detection, etc.
[1157] 生物启发超亲水性光子晶体 化学社评论，2016，45(24)：6833-6854。光子晶体（PCs）由于其独特的光操控能力和在传感、催化剂、检测、显示器、太阳能电池和其他领域的潜在应用而引起了巨大的研究兴趣。特别是，许多 PCs 的新颖应用都源于其表面润湿性。通常，PCs 的润湿性由其表面几何结构和表面化学成分的组合决定。本综述重点介绍了具有超亲水性的生物启发 PCs 在机制、制备和应用方面的最新进展。它包括基于设计拓扑结构和调节表面化学成分构建超亲水性 PCs 的信息，以及扩展超亲水性 PCs 在湿度/油/溶剂传感、驱动、防污和液体不渗透表面、化学检测等方面的实际应用信息。

[1158] Biocompatible and Sustainable Optical Strain Sensors for Large‐Area Applications Advanced Optical Materials, 2016, 4(12): 1950-1954.
[1158] 大面积应用兼容性和可持续性的生物相容性光学应变传感器 先进光学材料，2016，4(12)：1950-1954。

[1159] Photoactuators for Direct Optical-to-Mechanical Energy Conversion: From Nanocomponent Assembly to Macroscopic Deformation Advanced Materials, 2016, 28(47): 10548-10556. Photoactuators with integrated optical-to-mechanical energy conversion capacity have attracted growing research interest in the last few decades due to their unique features of remote control and their wide applications ranging from bionic robots, biomedical devices, and switches to motors. For the photoactuator design, the energy conversion route and structure assembly are two important parts, which directly affect the performance of the photoactuators. In particular, the architectural designs at the molecular, nano-, micro-, and macro-level, are found to play a significant role in accumulating molecular-scale strain/stress to macroscale strain/stress. Here, recent progress on photoactuators based on photochemical and photothermal effects is summarized, followed by a discussion of the important assembly strategies for the amplification of the photoresponsive components at nanoscale to macroscopic scale motions. The application advancement of current photoactuators is also presented.
光致驱动器用于直接光能到机械能转换：从纳米组件组装到宏观形变 高分子材料科学，2016，28(47)：10548-10556。具有集成光能到机械能转换能力的光致驱动器在过去的几十年里引起了越来越大的研究兴趣，这得益于它们独特的遥控特性和广泛的应用范围，从仿生机器人、生物医学设备和开关到电机。对于光致驱动器的设计，能量转换路径和结构组装是两个重要部分，它们直接影响光致驱动器的性能。特别是，分子、纳米、微米和宏观级别的建筑设计被发现对积累分子尺度的应变/应力到宏观尺度的应变/应力起着重要作用。在此，总结了基于光化学和光热效应的光致驱动器的最新进展，随后讨论了将纳米尺度的光响应组件放大到宏观尺度运动的组装策略。还展示了当前光致驱动器的应用进展。

[1160] Photoactuators for Direct Optical-to-Mechanical Energy Conversion: From Nanocomponent Assembly to Macroscopic Deformation Advanced Materials, 2016, 28(47): 10548-10556. Photoactuators with integrated optical-to-mechanical energy conversion capacity have attracted growing research interest in the last few decades due to their unique features of remote control and their wide applications ranging from bionic robots, biomedical devices, and switches to motors. For the photoactuator design, the energy conversion route and structure assembly are two important parts, which directly affect the performance of the photoactuators. In particular, the architectural designs at the molecular, nano-, micro-, and macro-level, are found to play a significant role in accumulating molecular-scale strain/stress to macroscale strain/stress. Here, recent progress on photoactuators based on photochemical and photothermal effects is summarized, followed by a discussion of the important assembly strategies for the amplification of the photoresponsive components at nanoscale to macroscopic scale motions. The application advancement of current photoactuators is also presented.
光致驱动器用于直接光能到机械能转换：从纳米组件组装到宏观形变 高分子材料科学，2016，28(47)：10548-10556。具有集成光能到机械能转换能力的光致驱动器在过去的几十年里引起了越来越大的研究兴趣，这得益于它们独特的遥控特性和广泛的应用范围，从仿生机器人、生物医学设备和开关到电机。对于光致驱动器的设计，能量转换路径和结构组装是两个重要部分，它们直接影响光致驱动器的性能。特别是，分子、纳米、微米和宏观级别的建筑设计被发现对积累分子尺度的应变/应力到宏观尺度的应变/应力起着重要作用。在此，总结了基于光化学和光热效应的光致驱动器的最新进展，随后讨论了将纳米尺度的光响应组件放大到宏观尺度运动的组装策略。还展示了当前光致驱动器的应用进展。

[1161] Hamad W Y: Photonic and Semiconductor Materials Based on Cellulose Nanocrystals, Rojas O J, editor, Cellulose Chemistry and Properties: Fibers, Nanocelluloses and Advanced Materials, Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin, 2016: 287-328. [1162] Sound Absorption Behavior of Flexible Polyurethane Foams with Distinct Cellular Structures Materials & Design, 2016, 89: 448-454. The effect of cellular structure in the flexible polyurethane foams on the sound absorption behavior is investigated for improved sound environment within vehicles. Two types of gelling catalyst and water are used for producing well-defined cavity and pore structure in the foams. The catalyst, having high activity in urethane reaction, produces a larger number of small cavities and pores in the foams compared to the catalyst having low activity. A high number of small cavities can also be obtained at high water content from the restraint of neighboring cavities due to actively formed urethane matrix. The foam density decreases with increasing water and catalyst contents. Sound absorption efficiency is usually low at low foam density, but the results show improved sound absorption efficiency even at the reduced foam density because of the high number of well dispersed small cells in the foams. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
[1161] 哈马德 WY：基于纤维素纳米晶体的光子学和半导体材料，罗哈斯 OJ 编辑，《纤维素化学与性质：纤维、纳米纤维素和先进材料》，柏林：斯普林格出版社柏林，2016：287-328。[1162] 具有不同细胞结构的柔性聚氨酯泡沫的吸声行为材料与设计，2016，89：448-454。研究了柔性聚氨酯泡沫中的细胞结构对其吸声行为的影响，以改善车辆内的声环境。使用两种凝胶催化剂和水来生产泡沫中的明确腔室和孔结构。与活性低的催化剂相比，具有高活性在聚氨酯反应中的催化剂在泡沫中产生更多的微小腔室和孔。在高水含量下，由于活性形成的聚氨酯基质的邻近腔室的约束，也可以获得大量的小腔室。随着水和催化剂含量的增加，泡沫密度降低。 低泡沫密度下吸声效率通常较低，但结果表明，由于泡沫中分散良好的小细胞数量众多，即使在降低的泡沫密度下，吸声效率也有所提高。©2015 Elsevier Ltd. 版权所有。

[1163] Light-Induced Color Change in the Sapphirinid Copepods: Tunable Photonic Crystals Advanced Functional Materials, 2016, 26(9): 1393-1399. Light-induced tunable photonic systems are rare in nature, and generally beyond the state-of-the-art in artificial systems. Sapphirinid male copepods produce some of the most spectacular colors in nature. The male coloration, used for communication purposes, is structural and is produced from ordered layers of guanine crystals separated by cytoplasm. It is generally accepted that the colors of the males are related to their location in the epipelagic zone. By combining correlative reflectance and cryoelectron microscopy image analyses, together with optical time lapse recording and transfer matrix modeling, it is shown that male sapphirinids have the remarkable ability to change their reflectance spectrum in response to changes in the light conditions. It is also shown that this color change is achieved by a change in the thickness of the cytoplasm layers that separate the guanine crystals. This change is reversible, and is both intensity and wavelength dependent. This capability provides the male with the ability to efficiently reflect light under certain conditions, while remaining transparent and hence camouflaged under other conditions. These copepods can thus provide inspiration for producing synthetic tunable photonic arrays.
[1163] 珊瑚虾类甲壳动物的诱导光致颜色变化：可调谐光子晶体 高级功能材料，2016，26(9)：1393-1399。自然界中光诱导的可调谐光子系统很少见，通常超出了人工系统的最先进水平。珊瑚虾类雄性甲壳动物产生自然界中最壮观的颜色之一。雄性色素，用于交流目的，是结构性的，由由细胞质分隔的有序鸟嘌呤晶体层产生。一般认为，雄性的颜色与其在表层的位置有关。通过结合相关反射率和冷冻电子显微镜图像分析，以及光学时间推移记录和转移矩阵建模，表明雄性珊瑚虾具有在光条件变化时改变其反射光谱的显著能力。还表明，这种颜色变化是通过改变分隔鸟嘌呤晶体的细胞质层厚度来实现的。这种变化是可逆的，并且与强度和波长有关。 这种能力使雄性在特定条件下能够高效地反射光线，而在其他条件下保持透明，从而实现伪装。因此，这些桡足类可以为此提供合成可调谐光子阵列的灵感。

[1164] Short-Range Noncontact Sensors for Healthcare and Other Emerging Applications: A Review Sensors, 2016, 16(8). Short-range noncontact sensors are capable of remotely detecting the precise movements of the subjects or wirelessly estimating the distance from the sensor to the subject. They find wide applications in our day lives such as noncontact vital sign detection of heart beat and respiration, sleep monitoring, occupancy sensing, and gesture sensing. In recent years, short-range noncontact sensors are attracting more and more efforts from both academia and industry due to their vast applications. Compared to other radar architectures such as pulse radar and frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar, Doppler radar is gaining more popularity in terms of system integration and low-power operation. This paper reviews the recent technical advances in Doppler radars for healthcare applications, including system hardware improvement, digital signal processing, and chip integration. This paper also discusses the hybrid FMCW-interferometry radars and the emerging applications and the future trends.
短距离非接触式传感器在医疗保健和其他新兴应用中的研究综述：传感器，2016，16(8)。短距离非接触式传感器能够远程检测受试者的精确运动或无线估计传感器与受试者之间的距离。它们在我们的日常生活中有广泛的应用，如非接触式心跳和呼吸生命体征检测、睡眠监测、占用感应和手势感应。近年来，由于它们广泛的应用，短距离非接触式传感器越来越受到学术界和工业界的关注。与脉冲雷达和调频连续波雷达（FMCW 雷达）等其他雷达架构相比，多普勒雷达在系统集成和低功耗操作方面越来越受欢迎。本文回顾了多普勒雷达在医疗保健应用中的最新技术进展，包括系统硬件改进、数字信号处理和芯片集成。本文还讨论了混合 FMCW 干涉雷达和新兴应用以及未来趋势。

[1165] Epidermal Growth Factor Loaded Heparin-Based Hydrogel Sheet for Skin Wound Healing Carbohydrate Polymers, 2016, 147: 251-260. A heparin-based hydrogel sheet composed of thiolated heparin and diacrylated poly (ethylene glycol) was prepared via photo polymerization and human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) were loaded into it for the purpose of wound healing. It showed a sustained release profile of hEGF in vitro. In order to evaluate its function on wound healing in vivo, full thickness wounds were created on the dorsal surface of mice. Application of hEGF loaded heparin-based hydrogel sheet accelerated the wound closure compared to the non-treated control group, hEGF solution, and hEGF loaded PEG hydrogel sheet. Histological and immunohistological examinations also demonstrated an advanced granulation tissue formation, capillary formation, and epithelialization in wounds treated by hEGF loaded heparin-based hydrogel compared to other groups, and no biocompatibility issue was observed. In conclusion, the delivery of hEGF using the heparin-based hydrogel could accelerate the skin wound healing process. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
[1165] 基于肝素负载的硫醇化肝素和二丙烯酸化聚（乙二醇）的皮肤伤口愈合碳水化合物水凝胶膜，2016，147：251-260。通过光聚合制备了一种由硫醇化肝素和二丙烯酸化聚（乙二醇）组成的肝素基水凝胶膜，并将人表皮生长因子（hEGF）负载其中，用于伤口愈合。体外表现出 hEGF 的持续释放特性。为了评估其在体内伤口愈合中的作用，在小鼠背部表面创建了全层伤口。与未处理对照组、hEGF 溶液和 hEGF 负载的 PEG 水凝胶膜相比，hEGF 负载的肝素基水凝胶膜的应用加速了伤口闭合。组织学和免疫组织学检查还表明，与其它组相比，hEGF 负载的肝素基水凝胶处理的伤口表现出更高级的肉芽组织形成、毛细血管形成和上皮化，且未观察到生物相容性问题。总之，使用肝素基水凝胶递送 hEGF 可以加速皮肤伤口愈合过程。（C）2016 Elsevier Ltd. 版权所有。

[1166] Photoresponsive Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogels with Tunable Mechanical Properties for Cartilage Tissue Engineering ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2016, 8(23): 14423-14429. Photoresponsive hydrogels were obtained by coordination of alginate-acrylamide hybrid gels (AlgAam) with ferric ions. The photochemistry of Fe(III)-alginate was used to tune the chemical composition, mechanical properties, and microstructure of the materials upon visible light irradiation. The photochemical treatment also induced changes in the swelling properties and transport mechanism in the gels due to the changes in material composition and microstructure. The AlgAam gels were biocompatible and could easily be dried and rehydrated with no change in mechanical properties. These gels showed promise as scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering, where the photochemical treatment could be used to tune the properties of the material and ultimately change the growth and extracellular matrix production of chondrogenic cells. ATDC5 cells cultured on the hydrogels showed a greater than 2-fold increase in the production of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) in the gels irradiated for 90 min compared to the dark controls. Our method provides a simple photochemical tool to postsynthetically control and adjust the chemical and mechanical environment in these gels, as well as the pore microstructure and transport properties. By changing these properties, we could easily access different levels of performance of these materials as substrates for tissue engineering.
基于光响应多糖水凝胶，具有可调机械性能，用于软骨组织工程，ACS 应用材料与界面，2016，8(23)：14423-14429。通过海藻酸盐-丙烯酰胺杂化凝胶（AlgAam）与铁离子配位获得光响应水凝胶。利用 Fe(III)-海藻酸盐的光化学性质，在可见光照射下调节材料的化学组成、机械性能和微观结构。光化学处理还由于材料组成和微观结构的变化，导致凝胶的溶胀性能和传输机制发生变化。AlgAam 凝胶生物相容性好，易于干燥和再水化，机械性能不变。这些凝胶作为软骨组织工程支架具有潜力，其中光化学处理可用于调节材料的性能，最终改变软骨原细胞的生长和细胞外基质产生。 ATDC5 细胞在水凝胶上培养后，与黑暗对照组相比，在照射 90 分钟的水凝胶中，硫酸化氨基葡萄糖（sGAG）的产生量增加了 2 倍以上。我们的方法提供了一种简单的光化学工具，可以后合成地控制和调整这些凝胶的化学和力学环境，以及孔隙微观结构和传输特性。通过改变这些特性，我们可以轻松地访问这些材料作为组织工程基质的性能水平。

[1167] Photoresponsive Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogels with Tunable Mechanical Properties for Cartilage Tissue Engineering ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2016, 8(23): 14423-14429. Photoresponsive hydrogels were obtained by coordination of alginate-acrylamide hybrid gels (AlgAam) with ferric ions. The photochemistry of Fe(III)-alginate was used to tune the chemical composition, mechanical properties, and microstructure of the materials upon visible light irradiation. The photochemical treatment also induced changes in the swelling properties and transport mechanism in the gels due to the changes in material composition and microstructure. The AlgAam gels were biocompatible and could easily be dried and rehydrated with no change in mechanical properties. These gels showed promise as scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering, where the photochemical treatment could be used to tune the properties of the material and ultimately change the growth and extracellular matrix production of chondrogenic cells. ATDC5 cells cultured on the hydrogels showed a greater than 2-fold increase in the production of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) in the gels irradiated for 90 min compared to the dark controls. Our method provides a simple photochemical tool to postsynthetically control and adjust the chemical and mechanical environment in these gels, as well as the pore microstructure and transport properties. By changing these properties, we could easily access different levels of performance of these materials as substrates for tissue engineering.
基于光响应多糖水凝胶，具有可调机械性能，用于软骨组织工程，ACS 应用材料与界面，2016，8(23)：14423-14429。通过海藻酸盐-丙烯酰胺杂化凝胶（AlgAam）与铁离子配位获得光响应水凝胶。利用 Fe(III)-海藻酸盐的光化学性质，在可见光照射下调节材料的化学组成、机械性能和微观结构。光化学处理还由于材料组成和微观结构的变化，导致凝胶的溶胀性能和传输机制发生变化。AlgAam 凝胶生物相容性好，易于干燥和再水化，机械性能不变。这些凝胶作为软骨组织工程支架具有潜力，其中光化学处理可用于调节材料的性能，最终改变软骨原细胞的生长和细胞外基质产生。 ATDC5 细胞在水凝胶上培养后，与黑暗对照组相比，在照射 90 分钟的水凝胶中，硫酸化氨基葡萄糖（sGAG）的产生量增加了 2 倍以上。我们的方法提供了一种简单的光化学工具，可以后合成地控制和调整这些凝胶的化学和力学环境，以及孔隙微观结构和传输特性。通过改变这些特性，我们可以轻松地访问这些材料作为组织工程基质的性能水平。

[1168] Structural Colors: From Natural to Artificial Systems Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology, 2016, 8(5): 758-775. Structural coloration has attracted great interest from scientists and engineers in recent years, owing to fascination with various brilliant examples displayed in nature as well as to promising applications of bio-inspired functional photonic structures and materials. Much research has been done to reveal and emulate the physical mechanisms that underlie the structural colors found in nature. In this article, we review the fundamental physics of many natural structural colors displayed by living organisms as well as their bio-inspired artificial counterparts, with emphasis on their connections, tunability strategies, and proposed applications, which aim to maximize the technological benefits one could derive from these photonic nanostructures. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
[1168] 结构色：从自然到人工系统 Wiley 跨学科评论-纳米医学与纳米生物技术，2016，8(5)：758-775。近年来，结构色引起了科学家和工程师的极大兴趣，这既是因为对自然界中各种灿烂例证的着迷，也是因为生物启发功能性光子结构和材料的潜在应用。为了揭示和模拟自然界中结构色的物理机制，已经进行了大量研究。在本文中，我们回顾了生物体展示的许多自然结构色的基本物理原理以及它们的生物启发人工对应物，重点介绍了它们之间的联系、可调策略和提出的应用，旨在最大限度地发挥这些光子纳米结构可能带来的技术效益。（C）2016 Wiley 期刊公司。

[1169] Effect of Commercial Konjac Glucomannan and Konjac Flours on Textural, Rheological and Microstructural Properties of Low Fat Processed Cheese Food Hydrocolloids, 2016, 60: 308-316.
[1169] 商业魔芋甘露聚糖和魔芋粉对低脂加工奶酪食品水合胶体质地、流变性和微观结构特性的影响，2016，60：308-316。

[1170] Bioinspired Polymeric Photonic Crystals for High Cycling Ph-Sensing Performance ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2016, 8(40): 27091-27098. Artificial photonic crystals (PCs) have been extensively studied to improve the sensing performance of poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc), as it can transform the PAAc volume change into optical signal which is easier to read. Nevertheless, these PCs are limited by the monostructure. We herein developed new photonic crystals (PCs) by coating acrylic acid and acrylamide (AAm) via in situ copolymerization onto Papilio paris wings having hierarchical, lamellar structure. Our PCs exhibited high performance of color tunability to environmental pH, as detected by reflectance spectra and visual observation. The introduction of AAm into the system created covalent bonding which robustly bridged the polymer with the wings, leading to an accurate yet broad variation of reflection wavelength to gauge environmental pH. The reflection wavelength can be tailored by the refractive index of the lamellar interspacing due to the swelling/deswelling of the polymer. The mechanism is not only supported by experimenta but proved by finite-difference time-domain simulation. Moreover, It is worth noting that the covalent bonding has provided the PCs-based pH sensor with high cycling performance, implying great potential in practical applications. The simple fabrication process is applicable to the development of a wide variety of stimuli-responsive PCs taking advantage of other polymers.
基于生物灵感的聚合物光子晶体用于高循环 pH 传感性能研究 ACS 应用材料与界面，2016，8（40）：27091-27098。人工光子晶体（PCs）已被广泛研究以提高聚丙烯酸（PAAc）的传感性能，因为它可以将 PAAc 的体积变化转化为易于读取的光学信号。然而，这些 PCs 受到单结构限制。我们在此通过原位共聚，将丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺（AAm）涂覆在具有分级层状结构的 Papilio paris 翅膀上，从而开发出新的光子晶体（PCs）。我们的 PCs 表现出对环境 pH 的高性能颜色可调性，如通过反射光谱和视觉观察所检测到的。系统引入 AAm 产生了共价键，这牢固地将聚合物与翅膀连接起来，导致反射波长的准确且广泛的变异，以测量环境 pH。由于聚合物的膨胀/收缩，反射波长可以通过层状间距的折射率进行定制。 该机制不仅得到实验验证，还通过有限差分时域仿真得到证实。此外，值得注意的是，共价键为基于 PCs 的 pH 传感器提供了高循环性能，这表明其在实际应用中具有巨大潜力。简单的制备工艺适用于开发各种利用其他聚合物的刺激响应性 PCs。

[1171] Preparation and Characterization of Oxidized Konjac Glucomannan/Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Graphene Oxide Hydrogel International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2016, 91: 358-367. Polysaccharide hydrogels have been widely used as biomaterials in biomedical field. In this article, composite hydrogels were prepared through the Schiff-base reaction between the aldehyde of oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKGM) and the amino of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). Meanwhile, different amount of graphene oxide (GO) was added as nano-additive. The hydrogels have been characterized by various methods including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Surface morphology (SEM). Through the observation of SEM, the hydrogels' scaffolds present a homogeneous interconnected pore structure after lyophilizing. In addition, the influence of different GO content on properties including gelation time, swelling ability, water evaporation rate and mechanical properties was investigated. The results indicate that the hydrogels have short gelation time, appropriate swelling ability and water evaporation rate. Especially, the compressive strength and modulus increase 144% and 296% respectively as the GO content increase from 0 to 5 mg/ml. Moreover, MTT assay was applied to evaluate the biocompatibility of hydrogels. The result indicate that hydrogels with GO show better biocompatibility. Therefore, due to the appropriate water absorption capacity, the similar compressive modulus with soft tissue and excellent biocompatibility, the composite hydrogels have potential application in wound dressings. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
氧化魔芋甘露聚糖/羧甲基壳聚糖/氧化石墨烯水凝胶的制备与表征 国际生物大分子杂志，2016，91：358-367。多糖水凝胶已被广泛用作生物医学领域的生物材料。在本文中，通过氧化魔芋甘露聚糖（OKGM）的醛和羧甲基壳聚糖（CMCS）的氨基之间的席夫碱反应制备了复合水凝胶。同时，添加了不同量的氧化石墨烯（GO）作为纳米添加剂。水凝胶通过各种方法进行了表征，包括傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和表面形貌（SEM）。通过 SEM 观察，水凝胶支架在冷冻干燥后呈现出均匀相互连接的多孔结构。此外，研究了不同 GO 含量对包括凝胶化时间、溶胀能力、水分蒸发速率和机械性能等性质的影响。结果表明，水凝胶具有较短的凝胶化时间、适当的溶胀能力和水分蒸发速率。 特别是，随着 GO 含量从 0 增加到 5 mg/ml，抗压强度和模量分别增加了 144%和 296%。此外，MTT 试验被应用于评估水凝胶的生物相容性。结果表明，含有 GO 的水凝胶具有更好的生物相容性。因此，由于适当的水吸收能力、与软组织相似的压缩模量和优异的生物相容性，复合水凝胶在伤口敷料中具有潜在的应用价值。（C）2016 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[1172] Derriso M M, Mccurry C D, Schubert Kabban C M: A Novel Approach for Implementing Structural Health monitoring Systems for aerospace Structures, Yuan F-G, editor, Structural Health Monitoring (Shm) in Aerospace Structures: Woodhead Publishing, 2016: 33-56. [1173] Tunable Photothermal Actuators Based on a Pre-Programmed Aligned Nanostructure Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2016, 138(1): 225-230. For various applications, it is challenging but essential to obtain complex tunable mechanical actuations in response to environmental stimuli. Here, a general and effective strategy is developed to produce multiple types of photo-mechanical actuation (from phototropic/apheliotropic bending to three-dimensional helical buckling) by manipulating the orientation of one-dimensional nanomaterials. These materials are manipulated to mimic plants that generate diverse mechanical motions through the orientation of cellulose fibrils. The photomechanical actuations can be completed in milliseconds and can be performed reversibly without detectable fatigue after 100 000 cycles. This capacity to produce multiple types of photomechanical actuation is further developed to produce complex integrated movements, as demonstrated by a light-manipulated robotic arm and a solar energy harvesting system.
[1172] Derriso M M, Mccurry C D, Schubert Kabban C M: 一种用于航空航天结构结构健康监测系统实现的新方法，袁福刚编，航空航天结构结构健康监测（SHM）：Woodhead Publishing，2016：33-56。[1173] 基于预编程对齐纳米结构的可调光热致动器，《美国化学学会杂志》，2016，138(1)：225-230。对于各种应用，获得对环境刺激的复杂可调机械动作具有挑战性但至关重要。在这里，开发了一种通用而有效的策略，通过操纵一维纳米材料的方向，产生多种类型的光电机械动作（从向光/背光弯曲到三维螺旋屈曲）。这些材料被操纵来模仿通过纤维素纤维的方向产生各种机械运动的植物。光机械动作可以在毫秒内完成，并且可以在 100,000 个循环后可逆地执行，且在可检测的疲劳之前。 这种产生多种类型光机械驱动的能力进一步发展，以产生复杂的集成运动，如通过光操控的机械臂和太阳能收集系统所示。

[1174] Tunable Photothermal Actuators Based on a Pre-Programmed Aligned Nanostructure Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2016, 138(1): 225-230. For various applications, it is challenging but essential to obtain complex tunable mechanical actuations in response to environmental stimuli. Here, a general and effective strategy is developed to produce multiple types of photo-mechanical actuation (from phototropic/apheliotropic bending to three-dimensional helical buckling) by manipulating the orientation of one-dimensional nanomaterials. These materials are manipulated to mimic plants that generate diverse mechanical motions through the orientation of cellulose fibrils. The photomechanical actuations can be completed in milliseconds and can be performed reversibly without detectable fatigue after 100 000 cycles. This capacity to produce multiple types of photomechanical actuation is further developed to produce complex integrated movements, as demonstrated by a light-manipulated robotic arm and a solar energy harvesting system.
可调谐光热驱动器基于预编程对齐纳米结构 美国化学学会志，2016，138(1): 225-230。对于各种应用，在环境刺激下获得复杂的可调谐机械驱动是一项具有挑战性但至关重要的任务。在这里，开发了一种通用而有效的方法，通过操控一维纳米材料的取向，产生多种类型的机械光驱动（从向光/背光弯曲到三维螺旋屈曲）。这些材料被操控以模拟植物通过纤维素纤维的取向产生各种机械运动。光机械驱动可以在毫秒内完成，并且可以在经过 10 万次循环后可逆地进行，且不会出现可检测到的疲劳。这种产生多种类型光机械驱动的能力进一步发展，以产生复杂的集成运动，如通过光操控的机械臂和太阳能收集系统所示。

[1175] Pursuing Prosthetic Electronic Skin Nature Materials, 2016, 15(9): 937-950. Skin plays an important role in mediating our interactions with the world. Recreating the properties of skin using electronic devices could have profound implications for prosthetics and medicine. The pursuit of artificial skin has inspired innovations in materials to imitate skin's unique characteristics, including mechanical durability and stretchability, biodegradability, and the ability to measure a diversity of complex sensations over large areas. New materials and fabrication strategies are being developed to make mechanically compliant and multifunctional skin-like electronics, and improve brain/machine interfaces that enable transmission of the skin's signals into the body. This Review will cover materials and devices designed for mimicking the skin's ability to sense and generate biomimetic signals.
[1175] 追求假体电子皮肤：自然材料，2016，15(9)：937-950。皮肤在调节我们与世界互动中发挥着重要作用。利用电子设备重现皮肤特性可能对假肢和医学产生深远影响。人工皮肤的研究推动了模仿皮肤独特特性的材料创新，包括机械耐用性、延展性、生物降解性和在大面积上测量各种复杂感觉的能力。正在开发新材料和制造策略，以制造机械顺应性和多功能类皮肤电子器件，并改善大脑/机器接口，使皮肤信号能够传输到体内。本综述将涵盖旨在模仿皮肤感知和产生仿生信号的材料和器件。

[1176] A High-Resolution Strain-Gauge Nanolaser Nature Communications, 2016, 7: 11569. Interest in mechanical compliance has been motivated by the development of flexible electronics and mechanosensors. In particular, studies and characterization of structural deformation at the fundamental scale can offer opportunities to improve the device sensitivity and spatiotemporal response; however, the development of precise measurement tools with the appropriate resolution remains a challenge. Here we report a flexible and stretchable photonic crystal nanolaser whose spectral and modal behaviours are sensitive to nanoscale structural alterations. Reversible spectral tuning of similar to 26nm in lasing wavelength, with a sub-nanometre resolution of less than similar to 0.6 nm, is demonstrated in response to applied strain ranging from - 10 to 12%. Instantaneous visualization of the sign of the strain is also characterized by exploring the structural and corresponding modal symmetry. Furthermore, our high-resolution strain-gauge nanolaser functions as a stable and deterministic strain-based pH sensor in an opto-fluidic system, which may be useful for further analysis of chemical/biological systems.
[1176] 高分辨率应变片纳米激光器 自然通讯，2016，7：11569。对机械顺应性的兴趣是由柔性电子学和机械传感器的开发所激发的。特别是，对基本尺度上结构变形的研究和表征可以提供提高设备灵敏度和时空响应的机会；然而，开发具有适当分辨率的精确测量工具仍然是一个挑战。在此，我们报道了一种柔性可拉伸的光子晶体纳米激光器，其光谱和模式行为对纳米尺度结构变化敏感。在应变从-10%到 12%的范围内，实现了约 26nm 的激光波长可逆光谱调谐，分辨率为亚纳米级，小于约 0.6nm。通过探索结构和相应的模式对称性，还表征了应变符号的瞬时可视化。 此外，我们的高分辨率应变片纳米激光器在光流体系统中充当稳定且确定性的基于应变的 pH 传感器，这可能有助于进一步分析化学/生物系统。

[1177] Self-Healing Supramolecular Hydrogels Fabricated by Cucurbit[8]Uril-Enhanced Π-Π Interaction International Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric Biomaterials, 2016, 65(10): 537-542.
[1177] 通过葫芦脲增强的π-π相互作用制备的自修复超分子水凝胶 国际聚合物材料与聚合物生物材料杂志，2016，65(10)：537-542。

[1178] Synthesis and Applications of Boronic Acid-Containing Polymers: From Materials to Medicine Chemical Reviews, 2016, 116(3): 1375-1397.
[1178] 含硼酸聚合物合成与应用：从材料到医学 化学评论，2016，116(3)：1375-1397。

[1179] Assessment of Exposure to Vocs among Pregnant Women in the National Children’s Study International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2016, 13(4): 376.
[1179] 国家儿童研究项目中孕妇对 Vocs 暴露的评估 国际环境研究与公共健康杂志，2016，13(4)：376。

[1180] Spectral Transition in Bio-Inspired Self-Assembled Peptide Nucleic Acid Photonic Crystals Advanced Materials, 2016, 28(11): 2195-2200. The self-assembly of guanine-based peptide nucleic acid monomers into photonic crystals is described. A highly reflective lattice of guanine nanocrystals is found in the skin and ocular tissues of different species providing vivid structural colors. The fabricated guanine-based supramolecular structures respond to changes in osmolarity similar to the active spectral change mechanism employed by chameleons.
[1180] 生物启发自组装肽核酸光子晶体的光谱跃迁 高分子材料科学，2016，28(11)：2195-2200。描述了基于鸟嘌呤的肽核酸单体组装成光子晶体的过程。在不同物种的皮肤和眼组织中发现了一种高度反射的鸟嘌呤纳米晶体晶格，提供了鲜明的结构颜色。制备的基于鸟嘌呤的超分子结构对渗透压的变化反应类似于变色龙采用的活性光谱变化机制。

[1181] Nutritional and Potential Health Benefits of Konjac Glucomannan, a Promising Polysaccharide of Elephant Foot Yam,Amorphophallus Konjack. Koch: A Review Food Reviews International, 2016, 33(1): 22-43.
[1181] 魔芋甘露聚糖的营养和潜在健康益处：一种有希望的芋头多糖 Amorphophallus Konjack，Koch：综述 食品评论国际，2016，33(1)：22-43。

[1182] Monitoring the Strain Evolution of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes Using an Optical Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Energy Technology, 2016, 4(7): 851-855. More advanced characterization and developmental tools are essential to improve the performance and safety of Li-ion batteries. Conventional tools have been limited to customized test cell configurations that require special facilities and expensive equipment. As a practical solution for the insitu monitoring of realistic battery cells, we have embedded fiber optic sensors within Li-ion battery pouch cells to monitor the internal electrode strain and temperature during cycling. Here we report the direct monitoring of strain evolution using implanted fiber-optic sensors within the individual electrodes in a Li-ion battery. Reproducible peak shifting and splitting in the implanted fiber optic sensor originate from the accumulated longitudinal and transverse strains associated with the expansion or contraction of the anode electrode. These discoveries demonstrate the feasibility and utility of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors to be used as diagnostic tools in the development of new battery materials and structures.
[1182] 利用光纤布拉格光栅传感器监测锂离子电池电极的应变演化 能源技术，2016，4(7)：851-855。更先进的表征和开发工具对于提高锂离子电池的性能和安全至关重要。传统工具仅限于定制测试电池配置，需要特殊设施和昂贵设备。作为对现实电池单元原位监测的实用解决方案，我们已在锂离子电池软包电池中嵌入光纤传感器，以监测循环过程中的内部电极应变和温度。在此，我们报告了使用植入光纤传感器直接监测锂离子电池单个电极中应变演化的情况。植入光纤传感器中的可重复峰值偏移和分裂源于与阳极电极膨胀或收缩相关的累积纵向和横向应变。这些发现证明了光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）传感器作为新电池材料和结构开发诊断工具的可行性和实用性。

[1183] Methods of Synthesis of Hydrogels ... A Review Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 2016, 24(5): 554-559. Hydrogels are being investigated recently for the bioactive molecules (in particular pharmaceutical proteins) controlled release, such as matrices, and for the living cells encapsulation. Biodegradable nature of hydrogels has created much interest for drug delivery systems. The original three-dimensional structure disintegrates into nontoxic substances to ascertain an excellent biocompatibility of the gel. Chemical cross-linking is the highly resourceful method for the formation of hydrogels having an excellent mechanical strength. Cross-linkers used in hydrogel preparation should be extracted from the hydrogels before use due to their reported toxicity. Physically cross-linked methods for preparation of hydrogel are the alternate solution of cross-linker toxicity. (C) 2015 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.
[1183] 水凝胶合成方法综述... 回顾沙特药学杂志，2016，24(5)：554-559。最近正在研究水凝胶用于生物活性分子（尤其是药物蛋白）的缓释，如基质，以及活细胞的包封。水凝胶的生物可降解性为药物递送系统引起了很大兴趣。水凝胶的原始三维结构分解为无毒物质，以确保凝胶优异的生物相容性。化学交联是形成具有优异机械强度的水凝胶的高效方法。由于报道的毒性，用于水凝胶制备的交联剂在使用前应从水凝胶中提取。用于水凝胶制备的物理交联方法是对交联剂毒性的替代解决方案。（C）2015 作者版权。由爱思唯尔 B.V.代表沙特国王大学生产和托管。

[1184] Safety Focused Modeling of Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Review Journal of Power Sources, 2016, 306: 178-192. Safety issues pertaining to Li-ion batteries justify intensive testing all along their value chain. However, progress in scientific knowledge regarding lithium based battery failure modes, as well as remarkable technologic breakthroughs in computing science, now allow for development and use of prediction tools to assist designers in developing safer batteries. Subsequently, this paper offers a review of significant modeling works performed in the area with a focus on the characterization of the thermal runaway hazard and their relating triggering events. Progress made in models aiming at integrating battery ageing effect and related physics is also discussed, as well as the strong interaction with modeling-focused use of testing, and the main achievements obtained towards marketing safer systems. Current limitations and new challenges or opportunities that are expected to shape future modeling activity are also put in perspective. According to market trends, it is anticipated that safety may still act as a restraint in the search for acceptable compromise with overall performance and cost of lithium-ion based and post lithium-ion rechargeable batteries of the future. In that context, high-throughput prediction tools capable of screening adequate new components properties allowing access to both functional and safety related aspects are highly desirable. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
锂离子电池安全建模：综述，电源期刊，2016，306：178-192。锂离子电池的安全问题证明了在其整个价值链上进行密集测试的必要性。然而，关于锂基电池失效模式的科学知识进步，以及计算科学中的技术突破，现在使得开发和使用预测工具来帮助设计师开发更安全的电池成为可能。随后，本文对该领域进行的重大建模工作进行了综述，重点关注热失控危害及其相关触发事件的特征。还讨论了旨在整合电池老化效应和相关物理的模型所取得的进展，以及与建模重点使用的测试之间的强烈相互作用，以及向更安全系统营销所取得的主要成就。同时，也对当前的限制以及预期将塑造未来建模活动的新的挑战或机遇进行了展望。 根据市场趋势，预计安全性在未来锂离子电池和后锂离子电池的整体性能和成本的可接受妥协中仍可能起到制约作用。在这种情况下，能够筛选出足够的新组件特性，允许访问功能和安全性相关方面的快速预测工具是非常受欢迎的。（C）2015 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[1185] 乙基纤维素溶解度参数的分子动力学研究 广东化工, 2015, 42(18): 5-6.
[1185] 乙基纤维素溶解度参数的分子动力学研究 广东化工, 2015, 42(18): 5-6.

[1186] Bioinspired, Ultrastrong, Highly Biocompatible, and Bioactive Natural Polymer/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Films Small, 2015, 11(34): 4298-4302. Tough and biocompatible nanocomposite films: A new type of bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film is fabricated on a large scale by a simple solution-casting method. Such KGM?GO composite films exhibit much enhanced mechanical properties under the strong hydrogen-bonding interactions, showing great potential in the fields of tissue engineering and food package.
[1186] 受生物启发的、超强的、高度生物相容的和生物活性天然聚合物/氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料薄膜 Small, 2015, 11(34): 4298-4302. 耐磨且生物相容的纳米复合材料薄膜：通过简单的溶液浇铸法，大规模制备了一种新型的受生物启发的超强、高度生物相容和生物活性魔芋甘露聚糖（KGM）/氧化石墨烯（GO）纳米复合材料薄膜。这种 KGM-GO 复合材料薄膜在强氢键相互作用下表现出显著增强的机械性能，在组织工程和食品包装领域具有巨大潜力。

[1187] Effect of a Small Amount of Sodium Carbonate on Konjac Glucomannan-Induced Changes in Wheat Starch Gel Carbohydrate Polymers, 2015, 116: 182-188. Wheat starch gels were produced with konjac glucomannan (KGM) and low concentrations of Na2CO3 (0.1-0.2 wt% of starch) using a rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA). The gelling properties of wheat starch in varying ratios of KGM and Na2CO3 were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). A small amount of Na2CO3 resulted in gels with increased elasticity whereas structural ordering during retrogradation was insignificantly affected. Comparison of CLSM images of composite gels revealed that Na2CO3 at 0.2 wt% of starch allowed the formation of fiber-like extensions around scattered swollen granules by KGM and amylose interaction, making swollen granules disperse within the micro phase, which was not typical in CLSM images of gels in the absence of Na2CO3. Dynamic storage modulus and dynamic power law exponent were substantially higher than those observed for the same concentration of KGM in the presence of Na2CO3, supporting the hypothesis that Na2CO3 could promote strong interchain associations between KGM and starch components. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
[1187] 少量碳酸钠对魔芋甘露聚糖诱导小麦淀粉凝胶碳水化合物聚合物变化的影响，2015，116：182-188。使用快速粘度分析仪（RVA）以魔芋甘露聚糖（KGM）和低浓度 Na2CO3（淀粉的 0.1-0.2 wt%）制备小麦淀粉凝胶。通过差示扫描量热法（DSC）、流变学和共聚焦激光扫描显微镜（CLSM）表征了不同比例 KGM 和 Na2CO3 下小麦淀粉的凝胶特性。少量 Na2CO3 导致凝胶的弹性增加，而回生过程中的结构有序性影响不显著。复合凝胶的 CLSM 图像比较显示，淀粉中 0.2 wt%的 Na2CO3 允许 KGM 与直链淀粉相互作用，在分散的膨胀颗粒周围形成纤维状延伸，使膨胀颗粒在微相中分散，这在无 Na2CO3 的凝胶的 CLSM 图像中是不典型的。 动态储能模量和动态幂律指数显著高于在 Na2CO3 存在下观察到的相同浓度 KGM 的值，支持了 Na2CO3 可能促进 KGM 与淀粉组分之间强链间相互作用的假设。（C）2014 Elsevier Ltd. 版权所有。

[1188] Study on a Fiber Bragg Grating Accelerometer Based on Compliant Cylinder Optical Fiber Technology, 2015, 26: 229-233. A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) accelerometer based on a compliant cylinder is proposed and experimentally demonstrated in this paper. The accelerometer contains four parts, compliant cylinder, FBG, inertial mass, shell. In this design, the FBG is placed along the axis of the compliant cylinder, the material of the compliant cylinder is two-component vulcanized silicone rubber. The principle of the FBG accelerometer was analyzed theoretically. The amplitude-frequency responsivity, linear response and temperature characteristics of the sensor were studied by experiment. Experimental results show that the sensor has a broad flat frequency range from 30 to 300 Hz, and the sensitivity of the accelerometer is 42.7 pm/G with a linearity of 0.999. The applicable temperature range of the acceleration sensor at least more than 150.0 degrees C, and the dynamic range is 76 dB, making it as a good candidate for the downhole seismic signal measurement. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
基于顺应圆柱光纤技术的光纤布拉格光栅加速度计研究，2015，26：229-233。本文提出了一种基于顺应圆柱的光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）加速度计，并进行了实验验证。加速度计包含四个部分：顺应圆柱、FBG、惯性质量、外壳。在本设计中，FBG 沿顺应圆柱的轴线放置，顺应圆柱的材料为双组分硫化硅橡胶。理论分析了 FBG 加速度计的原理。通过实验研究了传感器的幅频响应、线性响应和温度特性。实验结果表明，传感器具有从 30 到 300 Hz 的宽平坦频率范围，加速度计的灵敏度为 42.7 pm/G，线性度为 0.999。加速度传感器的适用温度范围至少为 150.0 摄氏度以上，动态范围为 76 dB，使其成为井下地震信号测量的良好候选者。（C）2015 Elsevier Inc. 版权所有。

[1189] A Visual and Organic Vapor Sensitive Photonic Crystal Sensor Consisting of Polymer-Infiltrated Sio Inverse Opal Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2015, 17(15): 9651-9658. A photonic crystal (PC) sensor that can selectively detect organic vapors through visual color changes has been proposed. The sensor was fabricated by infiltrating a tetraphenylethene polymer (TPEP) into the voids of SiO2 inverse opal photonic crystal. When the sensor was exposed to tetrahydrofuran or acetone vapor, a red shift of the stopband of more than 50 nm could be clearly observed; meanwhile, the film's color changed from violet to cyan. Subsequently, when exposed to air, the stopband underwent a blue shift and the color returned to violet. The reason for the observed change is that a reversible adsorption-desorption process occurs on alternate exposure of the sensor to organic vapor and air, due to the high specific surface area of the inverse opal macroporous structure and the high affinity of TPEP to tetrahydrofuran and acetone. The adsorption of vapor analyte can increase the PC's effective refractive index, which will induce the stopband red shift and the resulting color change according to Bragg's Law. The reversible adsorption-desorption of organic vapors varied the effective refractive index of the sensor repeatedly, causing the reversible stopband shift and color change, and providing a general method for the design of visual vapor sensors.
[1189] 由聚合物浸渗 SiO2 逆胶团光子晶体组成的视觉和有机蒸汽敏感光子晶体传感器物理化学化学物理，2015，17(15)：9651-9658。提出了一种光子晶体（PC）传感器，可以通过视觉颜色变化选择性地检测有机蒸汽。该传感器通过将四苯基乙烯聚合物（TPEP）浸渗到 SiO2 逆胶团光子晶体的空隙中而制成。当传感器暴露在四氢呋喃或丙酮蒸汽中时，可以清楚地观察到阻带红移超过 50 nm；同时，薄膜的颜色从紫色变为青色。随后，当暴露在空气中时，阻带发生蓝移，颜色恢复为紫色。观察到这种变化的原因是由于传感器交替暴露于有机蒸汽和空气中时，逆胶团大孔结构具有高比表面积，TPEP 对四氢呋喃和丙酮具有高亲和力，从而发生可逆吸附-解吸过程。 蒸汽分析物的吸附可以增加 PC 的有效折射率，这将根据布拉格定律引起禁带红移和相应的颜色变化。有机蒸汽的可逆吸附-解吸反复改变传感器的有效折射率，导致禁带可逆移位和颜色变化，为视觉蒸汽传感器的设计提供了一种通用方法。

[1190] Nanofabrication and Coloration Study of Artificial Butterfly Wings with Aligned Lamellae Layers Scientific Reports, 2015, 5: 16637. The bright and iridescent blue color from Morpho butterfly wings has attracted worldwide attentions to explore its mysterious nature for long time. Although the physics of structural color by the nanophotonic structures built on the wing scales has been well established, replications of the wing structure by standard top-down lithography still remains a challenge. This paper reports a technical breakthrough to mimic the blue color of Morpho butterfly wings, by developing a novel nanofabrication process, based on electron beam lithography combined with alternate PMMA/LOR development/dissolution, for photonic structures with aligned lamellae multilayers in colorless polymers. The relationship between the coloration and geometric dimensions as well as shapes is systematically analyzed by solving Maxwell's Equations with a finite domain time difference simulator. Careful characterization of the mimicked blue by spectral measurements under both normal and oblique angles are carried out. Structural color in blue reflected by the fabricated wing scales, is demonstrated and further extended to green as an application exercise of the new technique. The effects of the regularity in the replicas on coloration are analyzed. In principle, this approach establishes a starting point for mimicking structural colors beyond the blue in Morpho butterfly wings.
[1190] 对具有排列层状结构的仿生蝴蝶翅膀的纳米加工和着色研究 科学通报，2015，5：16637。 Morpho 蝴蝶翅膀上明亮的彩虹蓝色吸引了全球对探索其神秘性质的长期关注。尽管基于翅膀鳞片构建的纳米光子结构的结构色物理学已经得到很好的确立，但通过标准自上而下的光刻技术复制翅膀结构仍然是一个挑战。本文报道了一种技术突破，通过开发一种基于电子束光刻结合交替的 PMMA/LOR 开发/溶解的新颖纳米加工工艺，来模仿 Morpho 蝴蝶翅膀的蓝色，用于无色聚合物中的排列层状多层光子结构。通过有限域时间差分模拟求解麦克斯韦方程，系统地分析了着色与几何尺寸以及形状之间的关系。在正常和斜角下，对模仿的蓝色进行了细致的光谱测量。 结构色在人工翅膀鳞片上反射的蓝色被展示并进一步扩展到绿色，作为新技术的应用练习。分析了复制品的规律性对色彩的影响。原则上，这种方法为模仿蓝 Morpho 蝴蝶翅膀之外的结构色提供了一个起点。

[1191] Inspiration from Butterfly and Moth Wing Scales: Characterization, Modeling, and Fabrication Progress in Materials Science, 2015, 68: 67-96. Through billions of years of evolution, nature has created biological materials with remarkable properties. Studying these biological materials can guide the design and fabrication of bio-inspired materials. Many of the complex natural architectures, such as shells, bones, and honeycombs, have been studied to imitate the design and fabrication of materials with improved hardness and stiffness. Recently, an increasing number of researchers have investigated the wings of lepidopterans (butterflies and moths) because these structures may exhibit dazzling colors. Based on previous studies, these iridescent colors are attributable to periodic structures on the scales that constitute the wing surfaces. These complex and diverse structures have recently become a focus of multidisciplinary research due to their promising applications in the display of structural colors, advanced sensors, and solar cells. This review provides a broad overview of the research into these wings, particularly the microstructures in the wing scales. This review investigates the following three fields: structural characterization and optical property analysis of lepidopteran wings, modeling and simulation of the optical properties and microstructure, and the fabrication of artificial structures inspired by these wings. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
蝴蝶和蛾翅鳞片启发的材料科学：表征、建模和制备进展，2015，68：67-96。经过数十亿年的进化，自然界创造了具有非凡特性的生物材料。研究这些生物材料可以指导仿生材料的设计和制造。许多复杂的自然结构，如贝壳、骨骼和蜂巢，已被研究以模仿具有改进硬度和刚度的材料的设计和制造。最近，越来越多的研究人员研究了鳞翅目昆虫（蝴蝶和蛾）的翅膀，因为这些结构可能展现出令人眼花缭乱的色彩。基于先前的研究，这些彩虹色归因于构成翅膀表面的鳞片上的周期性结构。这些复杂多样的结构最近因其有望在结构色显示、高级传感器和太阳能电池中的应用而成为多学科研究的焦点。本综述提供了对这些翅膀研究的广泛概述，特别是翅膀鳞片中的微观结构。 本文调查了以下三个领域：鳞翅目翅膀的结构表征和光学性质分析、光学性质和微观结构的建模与仿真，以及受这些翅膀启发的结构制造。（C）2014 Elsevier Ltd. 版权所有。

[1192] Tough Bonding of Hydrogels to Diverse Non-Porous surfaces Nature Materials, 2015, 15(2): 190-196.
[1192] 水凝胶与多种非多孔表面的牢固粘合 自然材料，2015，15(2)：190-196。

[1193] Chitin and Chitosan Preparation from Marine Sources. Structure, Properties and Applications Marine Drugs, 2015, 13(3): 1133-1174. This review describes the most common methods for recovery of chitin from marine organisms. In depth, both enzymatic and chemical treatments for the step of deproteinization are compared, as well as different conditions for demineralization. The conditions of chitosan preparation are also discussed, since they significantly impact the synthesis of chitosan with varying degree of acetylation (DA) and molecular weight (MW). In addition, the main characterization techniques applied for chitin and chitosan are recalled, pointing out the role of their solubility in relation with the chemical structure (mainly the acetyl group distribution along the backbone). Biological activities are also presented, such as: antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor and antioxidant. Interestingly, the relationship between chemical structure and biological activity is demonstrated for chitosan molecules with different DA and MW and homogeneous distribution of acetyl groups for the first time. In the end, several selected pharmaceutical and biomedical applications are presented, in which chitin and chitosan are recognized as new biomaterials taking advantage of their biocompatibility and biodegradability.
[1193] 从海洋来源制备壳聚糖和壳聚糖。结构、性质与应用 海洋药物，2015，13(3)：1133-1174。本综述描述了从海洋生物中回收壳聚糖的最常见方法。深入比较了脱蛋白步骤中酶法和化学处理，以及去矿物质化的不同条件。还讨论了壳聚糖制备的条件，因为它们对壳聚糖的合成（不同程度的乙酰化度（DA）和分子量（MW））有显著影响。此外，回顾了用于表征壳聚糖和壳聚糖的主要表征技术，指出其溶解性与化学结构（主要是沿主链的乙酰基团分布）的关系。还介绍了生物活性，如：抗菌、抗真菌、抗肿瘤和抗氧化。有趣的是，首次证明了化学结构与生物活性之间的关系，这是针对不同 DA 和 MW 的壳聚糖分子以及乙酰基团均匀分布的情况。 最终，介绍了几个选定的药物和生物医学应用，其中几丁质和壳聚糖因其生物相容性和生物降解性而被认可为新型生物材料。

[1194] Chemically Reactive Supramolecular Hydrogel Coupled with a Signal Amplification System for Enhanced Analyte Sensitivity Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2015, 137(9): 3360-3365. Multicomponent supramolecular hydrogels are constructed for sensitive, naked-eye detection of small-molecule biomarkers. A dendritic self-immolative molecule and the corresponding enzyme as a signal amplification system were stably embedded in a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-responsive supramolecular hydrogel (BPmoc-F-3), together with other enzymes. The nanostructure and mechanical strength of the hybrid BPmoc-F-3 gel were not substantially diminished by incorporation of these multiple components in the absence of target biomarkers, but could be destroyed by addition of the biomarker through the multiple enzymatic and chemical cascade reactions operating in combination within the gel matrix. The sensitivity to biomarkers such as H2O2, glucose, and uric acid, detected by gel-sol transition, was significantly enhanced by the signal amplification system. An array chip consisting of these multicomponent hydrogels enabled the detection of the level of hyperuricemia disease in human plasma samples.
[1194] 化学活性超分子水凝胶与信号放大系统耦合，提高分析物灵敏度，《美国化学学会杂志》，2015，137(9)：3360-3365。构建了多组分超分子水凝胶，用于对小型分子生物标志物的敏感、肉眼检测。将树突状自灭分子及其相应的酶作为信号放大系统稳定地嵌入到过氧化氢（H2O2）响应性超分子水凝胶（BPmoc-F-3）中，以及其他酶。在没有目标生物标志物的情况下，这些多个成分的加入并未显著降低 BPmoc-F-3 凝胶的纳米结构和机械强度，但通过凝胶基质内协同作用的多个酶促和化学级联反应，添加生物标志物可以破坏凝胶。通过凝胶-溶过渡检测的 H2O2、葡萄糖和尿酸等生物标志物的灵敏度，通过信号放大系统得到了显著提高。由这些多组分水凝胶组成的阵列芯片，能够检测人血浆样本中高尿酸血症疾病的水平。

[1195] Photonic Nanosensor for Colorimetric Detection of Metal Ions Analytical Chemistry, 2015, 87(10): 5101-5108. The real-time sensing of metal ions at point of care requires integrated sensors with low energy and sample consumption, reversibility, and rapid recovery. Here, we report a photonic nanosensor that reversibly and quantitatively reports on variation in the concentrations of Pb2+ and Cu2+ ions in aqueous solutions (<500 mu L) in the visible region of the spectrum (lambda(max) approximate to 400-700 nm). A single 6 ns laser pulse (lambda = 532 nm) was used to pattern an similar to 10 mu m thick photosensitive recording medium. This formed periodic AgBr nanocrystal (phi similar to 5-20 nm) concentrated regions, which produced Bragg diffraction upon illumination with a white light source. The sensor functionalized with 8-hydroxyquinoline allowed sensing through inducing Donnan osmotic pressure and tuning its lattice spacing. The sensor quantitatively measured Pb2+ and Cu2+ ion concentrations within the dynamic range of 0.1-10.0 mM with limits of detection of 11.4 and 18.6 mu M in under 10 min. The sensor could be reset in 3 min and was reused at least 100 times without compromising its accuracy. The plasmonic nanosensor represents a simple and label-free analytical platform with potential scalability for applications in medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring.
光子纳米传感器用于金属离子比色检测 分析化学，2015，87(10)：5101-5108。在护理点实时检测金属离子需要集成低能耗和低样品消耗、可逆性和快速恢复的传感器。在此，我们报道了一种光子纳米传感器，可以可逆和定量地报告水溶液中 Pb2+和 Cu2+离子浓度的变化（<500 微升）在光谱的可见区域（λmax 约 400-700 纳米）。使用单个 6 纳秒激光脉冲（λ=532 纳米）对约 10 微米厚的光敏记录介质进行图案化。这形成了周期性的 AgBr 纳米晶体（φ约 5-20 纳米）集中区域，在用白光光源照射时产生布拉格衍射。通过诱导 Donnan 渗透压和调节其晶格间距，用 8-羟基喹啉功能化的传感器允许通过感应 Donnan 渗透压和调节其晶格间距进行传感。该传感器在 10 分钟内定量测量了 0.1-10.0 mM 动态范围内的 Pb2+和 Cu2+离子浓度，检测限分别为 11.4 和 18.6 微摩尔。 该传感器可在 3 分钟内重置，且至少可重复使用 100 次而不影响其精度。等离子体纳米传感器代表了一种简单且无需标记的分析平台，具有在医疗诊断和环境监测应用中的潜在可扩展性。

[1196] Soaking Based Invisible Photonic Print with a Fast Response and High Resolution Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2015, 3(31): 8097-8103. A soaking based invisible photonic print is prepared by regionally selective hydrophobization of SiO2/PEGMA photonic paper under a mask. The patterns on the prints are invisible in a dry state but visible in water, because the nonuniform swelling behavior of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions of the paper induces a different lattice expansion and a large color contrast between the pattern and the background. Due to the uncrosslinked characteristic and the superior swelling ability of the current photonic paper, the invisible patterns printed on it can be reversibly shown and hidden in several seconds and its resolution reaches the micrometer scale, both of which favor its application in antifraud labels or in the identification recognition in our daily lives.
[1196] 具有快速响应和高分辨率的浸泡式隐形光子打印技术，《材料化学 C》2015 年第 3 期第 31 卷：8097-8103。通过在掩模下对 SiO2/PEGMA 光子纸进行区域选择性疏水化，制备了一种基于浸泡的隐形光子打印。在干燥状态下，打印上的图案是不可见的，但在水中可见，因为纸张亲水区和疏水区的非均匀膨胀行为导致图案和背景之间产生不同的晶格膨胀和大的颜色对比。由于当前光子纸的非交联特性和优异的膨胀能力，其上打印的隐形图案可以在几秒钟内可逆地显示和隐藏，其分辨率达到微米级，这两者都利于其在防伪标签或我们日常生活中的识别识别中的应用。

[1197] Free-Standing Molecularly Imprinted Photonic Hydrogels Based on Β-Cyclodextrin for the Visual Detection of L-Tryptophan Analytical Methods, 2015, 7(19): 8352-8359.
[1197] 基于β-环糊精的独立分子印迹光子水凝胶用于 L-色氨酸的视觉检测分析方法，2015，7(19)：8352-8359。

[1198] Old Relief Printing Applied to the Current Preparation of Multi-Color and High Resolution Colloidal Photonic Crystal Patterns Chemical Communications, 2015, 51(95): 16972-16975. Monodisperse SiO2 colloids are assembled into colloidal crystals in the mixture of monomer and solvent, which is transformed into a mechanochromic photonic crystal paper by polymerization. Following the relief printing strategy, the printing plates are pressed onto the paper to generate letters or images due to the contrast of structural color between the deformed and the undeformed paper, and the images can be permanently retained through UV curing. The wide tunable range of structural color for the current paper under deformation helps to realize multi-color printing. The localized deformation among or even inside the colloidal microcrystals renders the paper with a precise mechanochromic response to the printing plates and leads to the production of high resolution photonic crystal patterns.
[1198] 将传统凹版印刷应用于当前的多色高分辨率胶体光子晶体图案制备化学通讯，2015，51(95)：16972-16975。单分散 SiO2 胶体在单体和溶剂的混合物中组装成胶体晶体，通过聚合转化为机械变色光子晶体纸。遵循凹版印刷策略，将印刷版压在纸上，由于变形和不变形纸张之间结构色的对比，生成字母或图像，图像可以通过紫外线固化永久保留。当前纸张在变形下的结构色宽调谐范围有助于实现多色印刷。胶体微晶体之间甚至内部的局部变形使纸张对印刷版具有精确的机械变色响应，从而导致高分辨率光子晶体图案的产生。

[1199] Formation of Cucurbit[8]Uril-Based Supramolecular Hydrogel Beads Using Droplet-Based Microfluidics Biomacromolecules, 2015, 16(9): 2743-2749. Herein we describe the use of microdroplets as templates for the fabrication of uniform-sized supramolecular hydrogel beads, assembled by supramolecular cross-linking of functional biopolymers with the macrocydic host molecule, cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]). The microdroplets were formed containing diluted hydrogel precursors in solution, including the functional polymers and CB[8], in a microfluidic device. Subsequent evaporation of water from collected microdroplets concentrated the contents, driving the formation of the CB [8] -mediated host guest ternary complex interactions and leading to the assembly of condensed three-dimensional polymeric scaffolds. Rehydration of the dried particles gave monodisperse hydrogel beads. Their equilibrium size was shown to be dependent on both the quantity of material loaded and the dimensions of the microfluidic flow focus. Fluorescein-labeled dextran was used to evaluate the efficacy of the hydrogel beads as a vector for controlled cargo release. Both passive, sustained release (hours) and triggered, fast release (minutes) of the FITC-dextran was observed, with the rate of sustained release dependent on the formulation. The kinetics of release was fitted to the Ritger-Peppas controlled release equation and shown to follow an anomalous (non-Fickian) transport mechanism.
[1199] 利用微滴微流控技术制备基于 Cucurbit[8]Uril 的超分子水凝胶微球，生物大分子，2015，16(9)：2743-2749。本文描述了利用微滴作为模板制备均匀尺寸的超分子水凝胶微球，通过功能生物聚合物与宏环宿主分子 Cucurbit[8]Uril（CB[8]）的超分子交联组装而成。微滴中含有稀释的水凝胶前驱体溶液，包括功能聚合物和 CB[8]，在微流控装置中形成。随后，从收集的微滴中蒸发水分，浓缩了内容物，驱动 CB[8]介导的主客体三元复杂相互作用的形成，导致凝聚的三维聚合物支架的组装。干燥颗粒的再水合产生了单分散水凝胶微球。其平衡尺寸被发现取决于加载材料的数量和微流控流动焦点的尺寸。使用荧光素标记的葡聚糖评估了水凝胶微球作为控制载体释放的载体效率。 被动、持续释放（小时）和触发、快速释放（分钟）的 FITC-dextran 均被观察到，持续释放的速率取决于配方。释放动力学符合 Ritger-Peppas 控制释放方程，并显示出遵循异常（非菲克）的传输机制。

[1200] Thermoresponsive Photonic Crystal: Synergistic Effect of Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide)-Co-Acrylic Acid and Morpho Butterfly Wing ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2015, 7(16): 8750-8756. In this work, we report a simple method to fabricate smart polymers engineered with hierarchical photonic structures of Morpho butterfly wing to present high performance that are capable of color tunability over temperature. The materials were assembled by combining functional temperature responsivity of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-acrylic acid (PNIPAm-co-AAc) with the biological photonic crystal (PC) structure of Morpho butterfly wing, and then the synergistic effect between the functional polymer and the natural PC structure was created. Their cooperativity is instantiated in the phase transition of PNIPAm-co-AAc (varying with the change of temperature) that can alter the nanostructure of PCs, which further leads to the reversible spectrum response property of the modified hierarchical photonic structures. The cost-effective biomimetic technique presented here highlights the bright prospect of fabrication of more stimuli-responsive functional materials via coassembling smart polymers and biohierarchical structures, and it will be an important platform for the development of nanosmart biomaterials.
[1200] 热响应光子晶体：聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)-共丙烯酸和蝴蝶翅膀形态协同效应 ACS 应用材料与界面，2015，7(16)：8750-8756。在本研究中，我们报道了一种简单的方法来制备具有蝴蝶翅膀分层光子结构的高性能智能聚合物，这些聚合物能够在温度变化下实现颜色可调。这些材料是通过结合聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)-共丙烯酸（PNIPAm-co-AAc）的功能性温度响应性和蝴蝶翅膀的生物光子晶体（PC）结构来组装的，从而产生了功能聚合物和天然 PC 结构之间的协同效应。它们的协同作用体现在 PNIPAm-co-AAc（随温度变化）的相变中，这可以改变 PC 的纳米结构，进而导致改性分层光子结构的可逆光谱响应特性。 此处提出的低成本仿生技术突出了通过共组装智能聚合物和生物分级结构来制造更多刺激响应功能材料的美好前景，并将成为纳米智能生物材料开发的重要平台。

[1201] Bio-Inspired Thermal-Responsive Inverse Opal Films with Dual Structural Colors Based on Liquid Crystal Elastomer Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2015, 3(17): 4424-4430. We have developed a bio-inspired thermal-responsive micropatterned inverse opal film with dual structural colors based on liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs). Herein, inverse opal films are fabricated by infiltrating the LC precursor into silica opal photonic crystal templates followed by UV irradiation and then removing the silica spheres. Furthermore, the micropatterned inverse opal films with dual structural colors have been fabricated by a two-step photo-polymerization technique combining a DC electric field. The DC electric field is used to tune the lattice space of the silica opal templates at the second photo-polymerization stage. In addition, the photonic band gaps of the LCE inverse opal films with dual structural colors can be reversibly switched by temperature because of the thermally induced molecular orientation change of the LCEs. This approach to create bi-colored inverse opals with micropatterns opens up a new way to the development of display and photonic applications.
基于液晶弹性体的生物启发热响应逆光子晶体薄膜，具有双重结构颜色，材料化学 C 杂志，2015，3(17)：4424-4430。我们开发了一种基于液晶弹性体（LCEs）的生物启发热响应微图案化逆光子晶体薄膜，具有双重结构颜色。在此，通过将液晶前体浸入二氧化硅光子晶体模板中，然后进行紫外线照射，并去除二氧化硅球体来制备逆光子薄膜。此外，通过结合直流电场的两步光聚合技术制备了具有双重结构颜色的微图案化逆光子薄膜。直流电场用于在第二次光聚合阶段调节二氧化硅光子晶体模板的晶格间距。此外，由于 LCEs 的热诱导分子取向变化，具有双重结构颜色的 LCE 逆光子薄膜的光学带隙可以可逆地由温度调节。通过创建具有微图案的双色逆光子，这种方法为显示器和光子应用的开发开辟了新的途径。

[1202] Carboxymethyl Modification of Konjac Glucomannan Affects Water Binding Properties Carbohydrate Polymers, 2015, 130: 1-8. The water binding properties of konjac glucomannan (KGM) and carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan (CMKGM) are important for their application in food, pharmaceutical, and chemical engineering fields. The equilibrium moisture content of CMKGM was lower than that of KGM at the relative humidity in the range 30-95% at 25 degrees C. The water absorption and solubility of CMKGM in water solution were lower than that of KGM at 25 degrees C. Carboxymethyl modification of KGM reduces the water adsorption, absorption, and solubility. Both carboxymethylation and deacetylation could confer hydrophobicity for CMKGM. These data provide the basis for expanding CMKGM application. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
羧甲基化改性魔芋甘露聚糖影响水分结合性能 碳水化合物聚合物，2015，130：1-8。魔芋甘露聚糖（KGM）和羧甲基魔芋甘露聚糖（CMKGM）的水分结合性能对其在食品、制药和化学工程领域的应用至关重要。在 25°C、相对湿度 30-95%的条件下，CMKGM 的平衡水分含量低于 KGM。在 25°C 时，CMKGM 在水溶液中的吸水性和溶解度低于 KGM。KGM 的羧甲基化改性降低了水分吸附、吸收和溶解度。羧甲基化和脱乙酰化均可赋予 CMKGM 疏水性。这些数据为扩大 CMKGM 的应用提供了依据。（C）2015 Elsevier Ltd. 版权所有。

[1203] Novel Biocompatible Polysaccharide-Based Self-Healing Hydrogel Advanced Functional Materials, 2015, 25(9): 1352-1359. A novel biocompatible polysaccharide-based self-healing hydrogel, CEC-l-OSA-l-ADH hydrogel ("l" means "linked-by"), is developed by exploiting the dynamic reaction of N-carboxyethyl chitosan (CEC) and adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH) with oxidized sodium alginate (OSA). The self-healing ability, as demonstrated by rheological recovery, macroscopic observation, and beam-shaped strain compression measurement, is attributed to the coexistence of dynamic imine and acylhydrazone bonds in the hydrogel networks. The CEC-l-OSA-l-ADH hydrogel shows excellent self-healing ability under physiological conditions with a high healing efficiency (up to 95%) without need for any external stimuli. In addition, the CEC-l-OSA-l-ADH hydrogel exhibits good cytocompatibility and cell release as demonstrated by three-dimensional cell encapsulation. With these superior properties, the developed hydrogel holds great potential for applications in various biomedical fields, e.g., as cell or drug delivery carriers.
[1203] 一种新型生物相容性多糖基自修复水凝胶，先进功能材料，2015，25(9)：1352-1359。通过利用 N-羧乙基壳聚糖（CEC）和己二酸二肼（ADH）与氧化海藻酸钠（OSA）的动态反应，开发了一种新型的生物相容性多糖基自修复水凝胶，CEC-l-OSA-l-ADH 水凝胶（"l"表示"连接"）。通过流变恢复、宏观观察和棒状应变压缩测量证明的自修复能力归因于水凝胶网络中动态亚胺和酰肼键共存。CEC-l-OSA-l-ADH 水凝胶在生理条件下表现出优异的自修复能力，具有高修复效率（高达 95%），无需任何外部刺激。此外，CEC-l-OSA-l-ADH 水凝胶表现出良好的细胞相容性和细胞释放性，如三维细胞封装所示。凭借这些优异的性能，该水凝胶在生物医学领域的各种应用中具有巨大的潜力，例如作为细胞或药物载体。

[1204] Voxelated Liquid Crystal Elastomers Science, 2015, 347: 982.
[1204] 空间体液态晶体弹性体，科学，2015，347：982。

[1205] Bioinspired Smart Actuator Based on Graphene Oxide-Polymer Hybrid Hydrogels ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2015, 7(42): 23423-23430. Rapid response and strong mechanical properties are desired for smart materials used in soft actuators. A bioinspired hybrid hydrogel actuator was designed and prepared by series combination of three trunks of tough polymer clay hydrogels to accomplish the comprehensive actuation of "extension-grasp-retraction" like a fishing rod. The hydrogels with thermo-creep and thermo-shrinking features were successively irradiated by near-infrared (NIR) to execute extension and retraction, respectively. The GO in the hydrogels absorbed the NIR energy and transformed it into thermo-energy rapidly and effectively. The hydrogel with adhesion or magnetic force was adopted as the "hook" of the hybrid hydrogel actuator for grasping object. The hook of the hybrid hydrogel actuator was replaceable according to applications, even with functional materials other than hydrogels. This study provides an innovative concept to explore new soft actuators through combining response hydrogels and programming the same stimulus.
基于氧化石墨烯-聚合物复合水凝胶的仿生智能执行器 ACS 应用材料与界面，2015，7（42）：23423-23430。用于软执行器的智能材料需要快速响应和强大的机械性能。通过串联三种坚韧聚合物水凝胶的三条主干，设计并制备了一种仿生混合水凝胶执行器，以实现类似钓鱼竿的“伸展-抓取-缩回”综合执行。具有热蠕变和热收缩特性的水凝胶依次被近红外（NIR）照射，分别执行伸展和缩回。水凝胶中的 GO 迅速有效地吸收 NIR 能量并将其转化为热能。具有粘附力或磁力的水凝胶被用作混合水凝胶执行器的“钩”以抓取物体。混合水凝胶执行器的钩可根据应用进行更换，甚至可以使用除水凝胶之外的功能材料。本研究提供了一种创新概念，通过结合响应水凝胶和编程相同刺激来探索新的软执行器。

[1206] Bioinspired Smart Actuator Based on Graphene Oxide-Polymer Hybrid Hydrogels ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2015, 7(42): 23423-23430. Rapid response and strong mechanical properties are desired for smart materials used in soft actuators. A bioinspired hybrid hydrogel actuator was designed and prepared by series combination of three trunks of tough polymer clay hydrogels to accomplish the comprehensive actuation of "extension-grasp-retraction" like a fishing rod. The hydrogels with thermo-creep and thermo-shrinking features were successively irradiated by near-infrared (NIR) to execute extension and retraction, respectively. The GO in the hydrogels absorbed the NIR energy and transformed it into thermo-energy rapidly and effectively. The hydrogel with adhesion or magnetic force was adopted as the "hook" of the hybrid hydrogel actuator for grasping object. The hook of the hybrid hydrogel actuator was replaceable according to applications, even with functional materials other than hydrogels. This study provides an innovative concept to explore new soft actuators through combining response hydrogels and programming the same stimulus.
基于氧化石墨烯-聚合物复合水凝胶的仿生智能执行器 ACS 应用材料与界面，2015，7（42）：23423-23430。用于软执行器的智能材料需要快速响应和强大的机械性能。通过串联三种坚韧聚合物水凝胶的三条主干，设计并制备了一种仿生混合水凝胶执行器，以实现类似钓鱼竿的“伸展-抓取-缩回”综合执行。具有热蠕变和热收缩特性的水凝胶依次被近红外（NIR）照射，分别执行伸展和缩回。水凝胶中的 GO 迅速有效地吸收 NIR 能量并将其转化为热能。具有粘附力或磁力的水凝胶被用作混合水凝胶执行器的“钩”以抓取物体。混合水凝胶执行器的钩可根据应用进行更换，甚至可以使用除水凝胶之外的功能材料。本研究提供了一种创新概念，通过结合响应水凝胶和编程相同刺激来探索新的软执行器。

[1207] Cellulose Photonic Crystal Film Sensor for Alcohols Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical, 2015, 220: 222-226. A novel photonic crystal sensor, a cellulose film with a three dimensional (3D) colloidal array embedded inside, was fabricated by infiltrating the voids of a 3D poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) colloidal array with methyl cellulose aqueous solution, followed by thermal curing. When the obtained cellulose photonic crystal film sensor (CPCFS) was immersed in alcohols, including ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol and n-butanol, its lattice constant and mean effective refractive index increased, which led to the redshift of the reflection of incident light. The redshift of this sensor had linear response to the concentration of alcohol vapors, while its structural color changed from blue to green visually. This CPCFS demonstrates promising potential as an on-site monitoring sensor for alcohols and an inexpensive and minimally invasive breathalyzer in the future. (c) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
纤维素光子晶体薄膜传感器用于醇类传感器和执行器 B-化学，2015，220：222-226。一种新型的光子晶体传感器，一种内部嵌入三维（3D）胶体阵列的纤维素薄膜，通过将甲基纤维素水溶液渗透到三维聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）胶体阵列的空隙中，然后进行热固化而制成。当获得的纤维素光子晶体薄膜传感器（CPCFS）浸泡在包括乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇和正丁醇的醇类中时，其晶格常数和平均有效折射率增加，导致入射光反射的红移。该传感器的红移对酒精蒸气的浓度具有线性响应，同时其结构色在视觉上从蓝色变为绿色。这种 CPCFS 在作为现场监测醇类的传感器以及未来一种低成本且侵入性小的酒精测试仪方面具有广阔的应用前景。（c）2015 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[1208] Wang C, Zhou Y, Dong H, et al. Quasi-Distributed Fiber Sensor Based on Fresnel-Reflection-Enhanced Incomplete-Potdr System[M]. SPIE, 2015: OFS. [1209] Photonic Crystals Cause Active Colour Change in Chameleons Nature Communications, 2015, 6(1): 6368. Many chameleons, and panther chameleons in particular, have the remarkable ability to exhibit complex and rapid colour changes during social interactions such as male contests or courtship. It is generally interpreted that these changes are due to dispersion/aggregation of pigment-containing organelles within dermal chromatophores. Here, combining microscopy, photometric videography and photonic band-gap modelling, we show that chameleons shift colour through active tuning of a lattice of guanine nanocrystals within a superficial thick layer of dermal iridophores. In addition, we show that a deeper population of iridophores with larger crystals reflects a substantial proportion of sunlight especially in the near-infrared range. The organization of iridophores into two superposed layers constitutes an evolutionary novelty for chameleons, which allows some species to combine efficient camouflage with spectacular display, while potentially providing passive thermal protection.
[1208] 王 C，周 Y，董 H，等. 基于菲涅耳反射增强的不完整 Potdr 系统的准分布式光纤传感器[M]. SPIE，2015: OFS. [1209] 光子晶体导致变色龙在自然通讯中的主动颜色变化，2015，6(1): 6368. 许多变色龙，特别是豹变色龙，在社交互动如雄性竞争或求偶过程中表现出复杂而迅速的颜色变化能力。通常认为这些变化是由于真皮色素体的色素含细胞器的分散/聚集。在这里，结合显微镜、光度计视频摄影和光子带隙建模，我们表明变色龙通过在表皮虹彩层表面厚层中活性调节瓜氨酸纳米晶体阵列来改变颜色。此外，我们还表明，具有较大晶体的深层虹彩层反射了大量的阳光，尤其是在近红外范围内。 虹彩细胞的组织成两层重叠层，对变色龙来说是一种进化上的新特性，这使得某些物种能够将高效的伪装与壮观的展示相结合，同时可能提供被动热保护。

[1210] Electric Field-Induced Gradient Strength in Nanocomposite Hydrogel through Gradient Crosslinking of Clay Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2015, 3(21): 4426-4430. In this paper, mechanically strong organic-inorganic nanocomposite (NC) gradient hydrogels were successfully prepared by the in situ polymerization of acrylamide (Am) and N,N-dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) using an electrophoresis method. Due to its specific colloidal properties, LAPONITE(R) showed directional movement in direct-current (DC) electric field and thus formed a gradient distribution in the hydrogel. The concentration gradient of LAPONITE(R) was characterized by UV-vis absorption, FTIR and TGA. The network structures of lyophilized gradient hydrogels were observed from SEM images. The TEM morphology indicated that LAPONITE(R) had a good gradient dispersion in the NC gradient hydrogel. As a physical crosslinker, LAPONITE(R) can regulate the cross-linking density of the hydrogel, thus affecting its mechanical properties. The NC gradient hydrogel exhibited a high mechanical strength (a gradient tensile strength ranging from 43.4 to 135.3 kPa and a gradient compression strength ranging from 116 kPa to 1100 kPa, depending on the distance from the anode). This work provided a facile method to develop NC gradient hydrogels with improved mechanical performance. The NC gradient hydrogels can be used as potential candidates in the field of biological and chemical materials.
[1210] 通过粘土的梯度交联制备纳米复合水凝胶中的电场诱导梯度强度《材料化学 B》杂志，2015，3(21)：4426-4430。本文通过电泳法原位聚合丙烯酰胺（Am）和 N,N-二甲基氨基乙基丙烯酸甲酯（DMAEMA）成功制备了机械强度高的有机-无机纳米复合（NC）梯度水凝胶。由于其特定的胶体性质，LAPONITE(R)在直流（DC）电场中表现出定向运动，因此在水凝胶中形成梯度分布。LAPONITE(R)的浓度梯度通过紫外-可见吸收、FTIR 和 TGA 进行表征。通过 SEM 图像观察了冷冻干燥梯度水凝胶的网络结构。TEM 形貌表明，LAPONITE(R)在 NC 梯度水凝胶中具有良好的梯度分散性。作为物理交联剂，LAPONITE(R)可以调节水凝胶的交联密度，从而影响其机械性能。 NC 梯度水凝胶表现出高机械强度（梯度拉伸强度从 43.4 到 135.3 kPa，梯度压缩强度从 116 kPa 到 1100 kPa，取决于距离阳极的距离）。这项工作提供了一种简便的方法来开发具有改进机械性能的 NC 梯度水凝胶。NC 梯度水凝胶可作为生物和化学材料领域的潜在候选材料。

[1211] Electric Field-Induced Gradient Strength in Nanocomposite Hydrogel through Gradient Crosslinking of Clay Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2015, 3(21): 4426-4430. In this paper, mechanically strong organic-inorganic nanocomposite (NC) gradient hydrogels were successfully prepared by the in situ polymerization of acrylamide (Am) and N,N-dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) using an electrophoresis method. Due to its specific colloidal properties, LAPONITE(R) showed directional movement in direct-current (DC) electric field and thus formed a gradient distribution in the hydrogel. The concentration gradient of LAPONITE(R) was characterized by UV-vis absorption, FTIR and TGA. The network structures of lyophilized gradient hydrogels were observed from SEM images. The TEM morphology indicated that LAPONITE(R) had a good gradient dispersion in the NC gradient hydrogel. As a physical crosslinker, LAPONITE(R) can regulate the cross-linking density of the hydrogel, thus affecting its mechanical properties. The NC gradient hydrogel exhibited a high mechanical strength (a gradient tensile strength ranging from 43.4 to 135.3 kPa and a gradient compression strength ranging from 116 kPa to 1100 kPa, depending on the distance from the anode). This work provided a facile method to develop NC gradient hydrogels with improved mechanical performance. The NC gradient hydrogels can be used as potential candidates in the field of biological and chemical materials.
[1211] 通过粘土的梯度交联制备纳米复合水凝胶中的电场诱导梯度强度，《材料化学 B》杂志，2015，3(21)：4426-4430。本文通过电泳法原位聚合丙烯酰胺（Am）和 N,N-二甲基氨基乙基丙烯酸甲酯（DMAEMA）成功制备了机械强度高的有机-无机纳米复合（NC）梯度水凝胶。由于其特定的胶体性质，LAPONITE(R)在直流（DC）电场中表现出定向运动，因此在水凝胶中形成梯度分布。LAPONITE(R)的浓度梯度通过紫外-可见吸收、FTIR 和 TGA 进行表征。通过 SEM 图像观察了冷冻干燥梯度水凝胶的网络结构。TEM 形貌表明，LAPONITE(R)在 NC 梯度水凝胶中具有良好的梯度分散性。作为物理交联剂，LAPONITE(R)可以调节水凝胶的交联密度，从而影响其机械性能。 NC 梯度水凝胶表现出高机械强度（梯度拉伸强度从 43.4 到 135.3 kPa，梯度压缩强度从 116 kPa 到 1100 kPa，取决于距离阳极的距离）。这项工作提供了一种简便的方法来开发具有改进机械性能的 NC 梯度水凝胶。NC 梯度水凝胶可作为生物和化学材料领域的潜在候选材料。

[1212] Electric Field-Induced Gradient Strength in Nanocomposite Hydrogel through Gradient Crosslinking of Clay Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2015, 3(21): 4426-4430. In this paper, mechanically strong organic-inorganic nanocomposite (NC) gradient hydrogels were successfully prepared by the in situ polymerization of acrylamide (Am) and N,N-dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) using an electrophoresis method. Due to its specific colloidal properties, LAPONITE(R) showed directional movement in direct-current (DC) electric field and thus formed a gradient distribution in the hydrogel. The concentration gradient of LAPONITE(R) was characterized by UV-vis absorption, FTIR and TGA. The network structures of lyophilized gradient hydrogels were observed from SEM images. The TEM morphology indicated that LAPONITE(R) had a good gradient dispersion in the NC gradient hydrogel. As a physical crosslinker, LAPONITE(R) can regulate the cross-linking density of the hydrogel, thus affecting its mechanical properties. The NC gradient hydrogel exhibited a high mechanical strength (a gradient tensile strength ranging from 43.4 to 135.3 kPa and a gradient compression strength ranging from 116 kPa to 1100 kPa, depending on the distance from the anode). This work provided a facile method to develop NC gradient hydrogels with improved mechanical performance. The NC gradient hydrogels can be used as potential candidates in the field of biological and chemical materials.
[1212] 通过粘土的梯度交联制备纳米复合水凝胶的电场诱导梯度强度《材料化学 B》杂志，2015，3(21)：4426-4430。在这篇论文中，通过电泳法原位聚合丙烯酰胺（Am）和 N,N-二甲基氨基乙基丙烯酸甲酯（DMAEMA）成功制备了机械强度高的有机-无机纳米复合（NC）梯度水凝胶。由于其特定的胶体性质，LAPONITE(R)在直流（DC）电场中表现出定向运动，因此在水凝胶中形成梯度分布。LAPONITE(R)的浓度梯度通过紫外-可见吸收、FTIR 和 TGA 进行表征。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）图像观察了冷冻干燥梯度水凝胶的网络结构。透射电子显微镜（TEM）形态表明，LAPONITE(R)在 NC 梯度水凝胶中具有良好的梯度分散。作为物理交联剂，LAPONITE(R)可以调节水凝胶的交联密度，从而影响其机械性能。 NC 梯度水凝胶表现出高机械强度（梯度拉伸强度从 43.4 到 135.3 kPa，梯度压缩强度从 116 kPa 到 1100 kPa，取决于距离阳极的距离）。这项工作提供了一种简便的方法来开发具有改进机械性能的 NC 梯度水凝胶。NC 梯度水凝胶可作为生物和化学材料领域的潜在候选材料。

[1213] Mechanochromic Photonic-Crystal Fibers Based on Continuous Sheets of Aligned Carbon Nanotubes Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 2015, 54(12): 3630-3634. A new family of mechanochromic photonic-crystal fibers exhibits tunable structural colors under stretching. This novel mechanochromic fiber is prepared by depositing polymer microspheres onto a continuous aligned-carbon-nanotube sheet that has been wound on an elastic poly(dimethylsiloxane) fiber, followed by further embedding in poly(dimethylsiloxane). The color of the fiber can be tuned by varying the size and the center-to-center distance of the polymer spheres. It further experiences reversible and rapid multicolor changes during the stretch and release processes, for example, between red, green, and blue. Both the high sensitivity and stability were maintained after 1000 deformation cycles. These elastic photonic-crystal fibers were woven into patterns and smart fabrics for various display and sensing applications.
基于连续排列碳纳米管的机械色光子晶体纤维 Angewandte Chemie-International Edition，2015，54(12)：3630-3634。一种新型机械色光子晶体纤维家族在拉伸下表现出可调的结构颜色。这种新型机械色纤维是通过将聚合物微球沉积在绕在弹性聚（二甲基硅氧烷）纤维上的连续排列碳纳米管片上制备的，随后进一步嵌入聚（二甲基硅氧烷）中。纤维的颜色可以通过改变聚合物球的大小和中心到中心的距离来调节。在拉伸和释放过程中，它进一步经历可逆且快速的多色变化，例如在红、绿和蓝之间。在 1000 次变形循环后，仍保持了高灵敏度和稳定性。这些弹性光子晶体纤维被编织成图案和智能织物，用于各种显示和传感应用。

[1214] Monitoring of Intercalation Stages in Lithium-Ion Cells over Charge-Discharge Cycles with Fiber Optic Sensors Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2015, 162(14): A2664-A2669. Lithium (Li)-ion cells have shown great promise as an enabler for clean, renewable energy storage. However, a key factor hindering their mass adoption in fielded renewable energy systems has been management of their functional performance for more effective battery utilization and control over their life. Over the course of charge and discharge cycles, the cell electrode materials undergo reversible material phase changes, known as intercalation stage transitions, which tend to drift or change as the cell ages or degrades. Monitoring these in real-time during fielded use would be very beneficial for effective cell state estimation in battery management systems (BMS). Presently these are only characterizable using special long-duration laboratory tests such as slow scan cyclic voltammetry. This paper focuses on the potential of hair-thin fiber-optic (FO) sensors to monitor intercalation stage transition points. Sharp features Were Observed in the signals from FO sensors bonded on cells at certain SOC values in a repeatable manner across different cycles at various C rates. These were demonstrated to correlate with intercalation stage transitions. This novel capability enabled by FO sensors can be useful both as a Li-ion cell design characterization tool and for run-time monitoring by BMS. (C) 2015 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
锂离子电池在清洁、可再生能源存储方面的应用前景广阔。然而，阻碍其在现场可再生能源系统中大规模应用的关键因素之一，是管理其功能性能以实现更有效的电池利用和对其寿命的控制。在充放电循环过程中，电池电极材料会经历可逆的材料相变，即嵌入阶段转变，这些转变随着电池的衰老或退化而倾向于漂移或改变。在野外使用过程中实时监测这些转变将非常有利于电池管理系统（BMS）中对电池状态的准确估计。目前，这些转变只能通过特殊的长时实验室测试，如慢扫描循环伏安法来表征。本文重点探讨了细光纤（FO）传感器监测嵌入阶段转变点的潜力。 在特定 SOC 值下，FO 传感器在细胞上的信号表现出尖锐特征，这种特征在不同循环和不同 C 率下以可重复的方式出现。这些特征被证明与嵌入阶段转换相关。这种由 FO 传感器实现的创新功能既可以用作锂离子电池设计表征工具，也可以用于 BMS 的运行时监控。（C）2015 电化学学会。版权所有。

[1215] Fast and Slow Ion Diffusion Processes in Lithium Ion Pouch Cells During Cycling Observed with Fiber Optic Strain Sensors Journal of Power Sources, 2015, 296: 46-52. Cell monitoring for safe capacity utilization while maximizing pack life and performance is a key requirement for effective battery management and encouraging their adoption for clean-energy technologies. A key cell failure mode is the build-up of residual electrode strain over time, which affects both cell performance and life. Our team has been exploring the use of fiber optic (FO) sensors as a new alternative for cell state monitoring. In this present study, various charge-cycling experiments were performed on Lithium-ion pouch cells with a particular class of FO sensors, fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), that were externally attached to the cells. An overshooting of the volume change at high SOC that recovers during rest can be observed. This phenomenon originates from the interplay between a fast and a slow Li ion diffusion process, which leads to non-homogeneous intercalation of Li ions. This paper focuses on the strain relaxation processes that occur after switching from charge to no-load phases. The correlation of the excess volume and subsequent relaxation to SOC as well as temperature is discussed. The implications of being able to monitor this phenomenon to control battery utilization for long life are also discussed. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
[1215] 纤维光栅应变传感器观察锂离子电池在循环过程中的快速和慢速离子扩散过程《电源技术》杂志，2015，296：46-52。在最大化电池寿命和性能的同时，对电池进行监测以确保安全容量利用是有效电池管理和鼓励清洁能源技术采用的关键要求。关键电池失效模式是随着时间的推移电极残余应力的积累，这会影响电池性能和寿命。我们的团队一直在探索使用光纤（FO）传感器作为细胞状态监测的新替代方案。在本研究中，对锂离子电池进行了各种充放电实验，使用了特定类型的光纤传感器，即光纤布拉格光栅（FBGs），这些传感器是外部附着在电池上的。在高 SOC 状态下，可以观察到体积变化超调现象，在休息期间恢复。这种现象源于快速和慢速锂离子扩散过程的相互作用，导致锂离子非均匀嵌入。本文重点研究了从充电到无负载阶段切换后发生的应变松弛过程。 过剩体积与随后的松弛与 SOC 以及温度的相关性被讨论。能够监测这一现象以控制电池利用率和延长使用寿命的启示也被讨论。（C）2015 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[1216] Fabrication of Hierarchical Photonic Nanostructures Inspired by Butterflies Utilizing Laser Interference Lithography Optical Materials Express, 2015, 5(5): 996-1005. We introduce laser interference lithography (LIL) as a tool to fabricate hierarchical photonic nanostructures inspired by blue Morpho butterflies. For that, we utilize the interference pattern in vertical direction in addition to the conventional horizontal one. The vertical interference creates the lamellae by exploiting the back reflection from the substrate. The horizontal interference patterns the ridges of the hierarchical Christmas tree like structure. The artificial Morpho replica produced with this technique feature a brilliant blue iridescence up to an incident angle of 40 degrees. (C)2015 Optical Society of America
[1216] 受蝴蝶启发的分层光子纳米结构的制备：利用激光干涉光刻技术，光学材料快报，2015，5(5)：996-1005。我们引入激光干涉光刻（LIL）作为一种制备受蓝色蓝蝶启发的分层光子纳米结构的工具。为此，我们除了传统的水平干涉外，还利用垂直方向的干涉图案。垂直干涉通过利用衬底的反向反射来形成层状结构。水平干涉图案化分层圣诞树状结构的脊。使用这种技术生产的仿生蓝蝶具有高达 40 度入射角的灿烂蓝色彩虹色。（C）2015 美国光学学会

[1217] Near-Infrared Light-Responsive Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide)/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Hydrogels with Ultrahigh Tensibility ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2015, 7(49): 27289-27298. Novel near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/graphene oxide (PNIPAM-GO) nanocomposite hydrogels with ultrahigh tensibility are prepared by incorporating sparse chemical cross-linking of small molecules with physical cross-linking of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets. Combination of the GO nanosheets and thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) polymeric networks provides the hydrogels with an excellent NIB. light-responsive property. The ultrahigh tensibility of PNIPAM-GO nanocomposite hydrogels is achieved by simply using a very low concentration of N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide) (BIS) molecules as chemical cross-linkers to generate a relatively homogeneous structure with flexible long polymer chains and rare chemically cross-linked dense clusters. Moreover, the oxidized groups of GO nanosheets enable the formation of a hydrogen bond interaction with the amide groups of PNIPAM chains, which could physically cross-link the PNIPAM chains to increase the toughness of the hydrogel networks. The prepared PNIPAM-GO nanocomposite hydrogels with ultrahigh tensibility exhibit rapid, reversible, and repeatable NIR light-responsive properties, which are highly promising for fabricating remote light-controlled devices, smart actuators, artificial muscles, and so on.
近红外光响应超弹性的聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)/氧化石墨烯纳米复合水凝胶 ACS 应用材料与界面，2015，7(49)：27289-27298。通过将小分子的稀疏化学交联与氧化石墨烯（GO）纳米片的物理交联相结合，制备了具有超弹性的新型近红外（NIR）光响应聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)/氧化石墨烯（PNIPAM-GO）纳米复合水凝胶。GO 纳米片与热响应性聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)（PNIPAM）聚合物网络的结合，赋予了水凝胶优异的 NIB 光响应性能。通过仅使用非常低浓度的 N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺（BIS）分子作为化学交联剂，PNIPAM-GO 纳米复合水凝胶的超高弹性得以实现，从而生成具有柔性长聚合物链和稀疏化学交联密集簇的相对均匀结构。 此外，GO 纳米片的氧化基团能够与 PNIPAM 链的酰胺基团形成氢键相互作用，这可以使 PNIPAM 链在物理上交联，从而提高水凝胶网络的韧性。制备的具有超高弹性的 PNIPAM-GO 纳米复合水凝胶表现出快速、可逆和可重复的近红外光响应特性，这对于制造远程光控设备、智能执行器、人工肌肉等具有高度应用前景。

[1218] Near-Infrared Light-Responsive Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide)/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Hydrogels with Ultrahigh Tensibility ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2015, 7(49): 27289-27298. Novel near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/graphene oxide (PNIPAM-GO) nanocomposite hydrogels with ultrahigh tensibility are prepared by incorporating sparse chemical cross-linking of small molecules with physical cross-linking of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets. Combination of the GO nanosheets and thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) polymeric networks provides the hydrogels with an excellent NIB. light-responsive property. The ultrahigh tensibility of PNIPAM-GO nanocomposite hydrogels is achieved by simply using a very low concentration of N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide) (BIS) molecules as chemical cross-linkers to generate a relatively homogeneous structure with flexible long polymer chains and rare chemically cross-linked dense clusters. Moreover, the oxidized groups of GO nanosheets enable the formation of a hydrogen bond interaction with the amide groups of PNIPAM chains, which could physically cross-link the PNIPAM chains to increase the toughness of the hydrogel networks. The prepared PNIPAM-GO nanocomposite hydrogels with ultrahigh tensibility exhibit rapid, reversible, and repeatable NIR light-responsive properties, which are highly promising for fabricating remote light-controlled devices, smart actuators, artificial muscles, and so on.
近红外光响应超弹性的聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)/氧化石墨烯纳米复合水凝胶 ACS 应用材料与界面，2015，7(49)：27289-27298。通过将小分子的稀疏化学交联与氧化石墨烯（GO）纳米片的物理交联相结合，制备了具有超弹性的新型近红外（NIR）光响应聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)/氧化石墨烯（PNIPAM-GO）纳米复合水凝胶。GO 纳米片与热响应性聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)（PNIPAM）聚合物网络的结合，赋予了水凝胶优异的 NIB 光响应性能。通过仅使用非常低浓度的 N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺（BIS）分子作为化学交联剂，PNIPAM-GO 纳米复合水凝胶的超高弹性得以实现，从而生成具有柔性长聚合物链和稀疏化学交联密集簇的相对均匀结构。 此外，GO 纳米片的氧化基团能够与 PNIPAM 链的酰胺基团形成氢键相互作用，这可以使 PNIPAM 链在物理上交联，从而提高水凝胶网络的韧性。制备的具有超高弹性的 PNIPAM-GO 纳米复合水凝胶表现出快速、可逆和可重复的近红外光响应特性，这对于制造远程光控设备、智能执行器、人工肌肉等具有很高的应用前景。

[1219] Schenk F: Biomimetics, Color and the Arts, Lakhtakia A, Knez M, Martinpalma R J, editor, Bioinspiration, Biomimetics, and Bioreplication 2015, 2015. [1220] Smart Polymer Inverse-Opal Photonic Crystal Films by Melt-Shear Organization for Hybrid Core–Shell Architectures Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2015, 3(10): 2204-2214.
[1219] Schenk F: 生物仿生学、色彩与艺术，Lakhtakia A，Knez M，Martinpalma R J，编者，生物仿生学和生物复制 2015，2015。[1220] 通过熔融剪切组织混合核-壳结构的智能聚合物逆光子晶体薄膜，《材料化学 C》，2015，3(10)：2204-2214。

[1221] Preparation and Supramolecular Recognition of Multivalent Peptide-Polysaccharide Conjugates by Cucurbit[8]Uril in Hydrogel Formation Biomacromolecules, 2015, 16(8): 2436-2443. Supramolecular hydrogels were fabricated by physically cross-linking phenylalanine functionalized polysaccharides with cucurbit[8]uril in water. We report a facile 2-step method of functionalization of the polysaccharides hyaluronic acid (HA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), and guar with the dipeptide Phe-Cys. Addition of cucurbit[8]uril to the functional polysaccharides initiated physical cross-linking on account of strong 1:2 "homoternary" complexes with the pendant Phe residues. In particular, HA and CMC based soft hydrogels displayed impressive viscoelastic behavior which was characterized using rheology, demonstrating accessibility to an array of material properties which would find broad applicability in many fields.
[1221] 通过 Cucurbit[8]Uril 在凝胶形成生物大分子中的多价肽-多糖偶联物的制备和超分子识别，2015，16(8)：2436-2443。通过物理交联苯丙氨酸功能化的多糖与水中的 Cucurbit[8]uril 制备了超分子水凝胶。我们报道了一种简便的 2 步法对透明质酸（HA）、羧甲基纤维素（CMC）、羟乙基纤维素（HEC）和瓜尔进行二肽 Phe-Cys 的功能化。向功能化多糖中加入 Cucurbit[8]uril，由于与末端 Phe 残基形成强的 1:2“同三元”复合物，从而启动了物理交联。特别是，基于 HA 和 CMC 的软水凝胶表现出令人印象深刻的粘弹性，这通过流变学进行了表征，表明其具有广泛适用性的材料特性。

[1222] Characterization of a Mechanically Tunable Gyroid Photonic Crystal Inspired by the Butterfly Parides Sesostris Advanced Optical Materials, 2015, 4(1): 99-105.
[1222] 受蝴蝶 Parides Sesostris 启发的机械可调 Gyroid 光子晶体的表征，2015，4(1)：99-105。

[1223] Towards Outperforming Conventional Sensor Arrays with Fabricated Individual Photonic Vapour Sensors Inspired by Butterflies Nature Communications, 2015, 6: 7959. Combining vapour sensors into arrays is an accepted compromise to mitigate poor selectivity of conventional sensors. Here we show individual nanofabricated sensors that not only selectively detect separate vapours in pristine conditions but also quantify these vapours in mixtures, and when blended with a variable moisture background. Our sensor design is inspired by the iridescent nanostructure and gradient surface chemistry of Morpho butterflies and involves physical and chemical design criteria. The physical design involves optical interference and diffraction on the fabricated periodic nanostructures and uses optical loss in the nanostructure to enhance the spectral diversity of reflectance. The chemical design uses spatially controlled nanostructure functionalization. Thus, while quantitation of analytes in the presence of variable backgrounds is challenging for most sensor arrays, we achieve this goal using individual multivariable sensors. These colorimetric sensors can be tuned for numerous vapour sensing scenarios in confined areas or as individual nodes for distributed monitoring.
通过蝴蝶自然启发制备的个体光子蒸汽传感器超越传统传感器阵列，Nature Communications，2015，6：7959。将蒸汽传感器集成到阵列中是一种被接受的折衷方案，以减轻传统传感器的选择性差。在这里，我们展示了单个纳米制造的传感器，不仅能在原始条件下选择性检测单独的蒸汽，还能在混合物中量化这些蒸汽，以及在与可变湿度背景混合时。我们的传感器设计灵感来源于 Morpho 蝴蝶的彩虹色纳米结构和梯度表面化学，并涉及物理和化学设计标准。物理设计涉及制造周期性纳米结构上的光学干涉和衍射，并利用纳米结构中的光学损耗来增强反射的光谱多样性。化学设计使用空间控制的纳米结构功能化。因此，在存在可变背景的情况下，对分析物进行定量对于大多数传感器阵列来说具有挑战性，而我们通过使用单个多变量传感器实现了这一目标。 这些比色传感器可以调整用于受限区域或作为分布式监控的独立节点进行多种蒸汽传感场景。

[1224] All-Solid-State Cable-Type Flexible Zinc-Air Battery Advanced Materials, 2015, 27(8): 1396-+. A cable-type flexible Zn-air battery with a spiral zinc anode, gel polymer electrolyte (GPE), and air cathode coated on a nonprecious metal catalyst is designed in order to extend its application area toward wearable electronic devices.
[1224] 全固态电缆式柔性锌空气电池先进材料，2015，27(8)：1396-+. 设计了一种具有螺旋锌阳极、凝胶聚合物电解质（GPE）和涂覆在非贵金属催化剂上的空气阴极的电缆式柔性锌空气电池，以扩展其在可穿戴电子设备中的应用领域。

[1225] Rheumatic Effects of Vibration at Work Best Practice & Research in Clinical Rheumatology, 2015, 29(3): 424-439. Occupational exposures to vibration come in many guises, and they are very common at a population level. It follows that an important minority of working-aged patients seen by medical services will have been exposed to this hazard of employment. Vibration can cause human health effects, which may manifest in the patients that rheumatologists see. In this chapter, we identify the health effects of relevance to them, and review their epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis and vocational and clinical management. On either side of this, we describe the nature and assessment of the hazard, the scale and common patterns of exposure to vibration in the community and the legal basis for controlling health risks, and we comment on the role of health surveillance in detecting early adverse effects and what can be done to prevent the rheumatic effects of vibration at work. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
工作场所振动引起的风湿效应：最佳实践与临床风湿病学研究，2015，29(3)：424-439。职业暴露于振动有多种形式，并且在人口层面上非常普遍。因此，医疗服务的患者中，很大一部分可能已经接触过这种职业危害。振动可以引起人体健康效应，这些效应可能在风湿科医生所见的患者中表现出来。在本章中，我们确定了与他们相关的健康效应，并回顾了其流行病学、病理生理学、临床表现、鉴别诊断以及职业和临床管理。在这两方面，我们描述了危害的性质和评估，社区中振动的规模和常见模式，以及控制健康风险的法律依据，并就健康监测在检测早期不良效应中的作用以及预防工作场所振动引起的风湿效应所能采取的措施发表评论。（C）2015 Elsevier Ltd. 版权所有。

[1226] Functionalized Hydrogel on Plasmonic Nanoantennas for Noninvasive Glucose Sensing Acs Photonics, 2015, 2(4): 475-480. Plasmonic nanostructures are intensely investigated as sensors due to their high sensitivity to changes in their nearest dielectric environment. However, additional steps have to be taken to provide specificity for a particular analyte. Here, gold nanoantennas are coated with a thin layer of a boronic acid functionalized hydrogel, which reversibly swells in the presence of glucose. This process is especially sensitive to low glucose concentrations and allows for measurement of values in the physiological millimolar range. The boronic acid is highly specific to glucose, and large molecules, such as proteins, which could cause possible disturbances to the measurements, are successfully blocked from the plasmonic sensing volume by the hydrogel film. Our concept is thus suited to detect physiological glucose levels in the tear liquid under the presence of ambient proteins using functionalized plasmonic sensors on contact lenses at eyesafe wavelengths for optical readout.
[1226] 功能化水凝胶在等离子体纳米天线上的非侵入式葡萄糖传感 Acs Photonics, 2015, 2(4): 475-480。等离子体纳米结构因其对邻近介电环境变化的敏感性而受到广泛研究，作为传感器。然而，为了提供特定分析物的特异性，还需要采取额外步骤。在这里，金纳米天线被涂覆一层硼酸功能化水凝胶，该水凝胶在葡萄糖存在下可逆地膨胀。这个过程对低葡萄糖浓度特别敏感，并允许测量生理毫摩尔范围内的值。硼酸对葡萄糖具有高度特异性，并且通过水凝胶膜成功阻止了可能干扰测量的蛋白质等大分子。因此，我们的概念适用于检测泪液中生理葡萄糖水平，在存在环境蛋白质的情况下，使用接触镜上的功能化等离子体传感器在眼安全波长下进行光学读数。

[1227] Biomimetics: Lessons on Optics from Nature's School Physics Today, 2015, 68(6): 32-37.
[1227] 生物仿生学：从自然学校的光学课程中学到的经验 Physics Today, 2015, 68(6): 32-37.

[1228] Human Response to Vibration Stress in Japanese Workers: Lessons from Our 35-Year Studies <B><I>a Narrative Review</I></B> Industrial Health, 2015, 53(6): 522-532.
人类对振动应激的反应：日本工人研究 35 年的经验总结 叙事综述 工业卫生，2015，53(6)：522-532.

[1229] The Use of Acoustic Cameras in Shallow Waters: New Hydroacoustic Tools for Monitoring Migratory Fish Population. A Review of Didson Technology Fish and Fisheries, 2015, 16(3): 486-510. European Union legislation, through the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC), as well as national legislation, such as the Grenelle Environnement' (2007) in France, requires restoration of ecological connectivity in streams to improve free circulation of migratory fish. Different methods (e.g. capture by trap or net, telemetry, hydroacoustics) are used to evaluate the efficiency of fish passes to estimate the migratory species abundance and analyse changes in their within-river distributions. Among these methods, hydroacoustics is non-intrusive, allowing long-term observation and description of fish populations based on physical properties of sound in water. However, the main limit to hydroacoustic tools is their difficulty in identifying species. Initially designed for military purposes, dual-frequency identification sonar (DIDSON) has been used in environmental management for a decade. This acoustic camera uses higher frequencies and more sub-beams than common hydroacoustic tools, which improves image resolution and then enables observation of fish morphology and swimming behaviour. The ability to subtract static echoes from echograms and directly measure fish length improve the species-identification process. However, some limits have been identified, such as automatic dataset recording and the low range of the detection beam, which decreases accuracy, but efficient tools are now being developed to improve the accuracy of data recording (morphology, species identification, direction and speed). The new technological properties of acoustic cameras, such as the video-like visualization of the data, have greatly improved monitoring of diadromous fish populations (abundance, distribution and behaviour), helping river and fisheries managers and researchers in making decisions.
[1229] 浅水区声学相机的应用：监测洄游鱼类种群的新水声工具。对 Didson 技术鱼类与渔业（2015，16（3）：486-510）的综述。欧盟立法，通过《水框架指令》（2000/60/EC），以及国家立法，如法国的《格勒内尔环境法》（2007），要求恢复溪流的生态连通性，以改善洄游鱼类的自由流通。采用不同的方法（例如，通过陷阱或网捕捉，遥测，水声学）来评估鱼道效率，以估计洄游物种的丰度和分析其河内分布的变化。在这些方法中，水声学是非侵入性的，允许基于水中声音的物理特性对鱼群进行长期观察和描述。然而，水声工具的主要限制在于其难以识别物种。最初是为军事目的而设计的双频识别声纳（DIDSON）已经在环境管理中使用了十年。 这种声学相机使用比常见的水声工具更高的频率和更多的子波束，从而提高了图像分辨率，并能够观察鱼类的形态和游泳行为。从声呐图减去静态回波并直接测量鱼长，提高了物种识别过程。然而，已经确定了某些限制，例如自动数据集记录和检测波束的低范围，这降低了准确性，但现在正在开发有效的工具来提高数据记录（形态、物种识别、方向和速度）的准确性。声学相机的新技术特性，如类似视频的数据可视化，大大提高了洄游鱼类种群（丰度、分布和行为）的监测，帮助河流和渔业管理者以及研究人员做出决策。

[1230] Cashmere-Derived Keratin for Device Manufacturing on the Micro- and Nanoscale Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2015, 3(12): 2783-2787. Cashmere-derived keratin was extracted in water solution and then processed using a slow drying technique to obtain flexible, transparent, conformable optical elements. Using soft-lithography techniques, keratin film surfaces were micro- and nano-patterned to obtain biocompatible, compostable, microlens arrays and multidimensional diffractive gratings. Alternatively, keratin was assembled to form periodic three-dimensional nanostructures (i.e. inverse opals) to control and manipulate the flow of light through its lattices.
[1230] 驼绒来源的角蛋白在微纳米尺度上的器件制造，《材料化学 C》杂志，2015，3(12)：2783-2787。从驼绒中提取的角蛋白在水溶液中提取，然后采用慢速干燥技术进行处理，以获得柔韧、透明、可变形的光学元件。利用软光刻技术，对角蛋白薄膜表面进行微纳米图案化，以获得生物相容性、可降解的微透镜阵列和多维衍射光栅。或者，将角蛋白组装成周期性的三维纳米结构（即倒置珍珠），以控制和操纵光通过其晶格的流动。

[1231] Free-Standing, Flexible Thermochromic Films Based on One-Dimensional Magnetic Photonic Crystals Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2015, 3(12): 2848-2855. We have in this paper developed a simple, one-step strategy to fabricate free-standing, flexible thermochromic films at a centimeter scale by the instant free radical polymerization of a sterically stabilized magnetically responsive photonic crystal (MRPC) nonaqueous suspension containing N-isopropyl acrylamide under an external magnetic field (H). In the as-prepared thermochromic films, the uniform superparamagnetic polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated Fe3O4 colloidal nanocrystalline cluster (Fe3O4@PVP CNC) particles exist as a form of one-dimensional (1D) nanochain-like photonic crystal structures parallel oriented along the direction of H in the poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) gel matrix. Since the PNIPAM matrix has a much smaller refractive index than that of the Fe3O4@PVP CNC particles, and may remarkably change its volume and thus the lattice constants with temperature, the as-prepared thermochromic 1D PC films can display bright iridescent colors which are obviously sensitive to temperature with good reversibility and durability even when the volume fraction of the Fe3O4@PVP CNC particles is as low as 0.1 vol%. For example, the blue-shift range for the diffraction wavelength can reach up to 140 nm when temperature increases from 10 to 35 degrees C. Compared to the previously reported 3D photonic crystal films, they also have the significant advantages of a facile, instant one-step preparation process and good mechanical properties. Furthermore, the lattice constants and optical properties can be conveniently tuned by altering H or the level of crosslinking during the polymerization process. Therefore, the as-obtained self-standing thermochromic 1D PC films are believed to have potential practical applications as a new generation of thermochromic polymer matrix composite materials.
[1231] 基于一维磁性光子晶体的自支撑、柔性热致变色薄膜 材料化学 C 杂志，2015，3(12)：2848-2855。在本研究中，我们开发了一种简单的一步法，通过在外部磁场（H）下，利用空间稳定化的磁性响应光子晶体（MRPC）非水悬浮液（含有 N-异丙基丙烯酰胺）的瞬间自由基聚合，在厘米尺度上制备自支撑、柔性热致变色薄膜。在制备好的热致变色薄膜中，均匀的超顺磁性聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆的 Fe3O4 胶体纳米晶体簇（Fe3O4@PVP CNC）粒子以一维（1D）纳米链状光子晶体结构的形式存在，平行于 H 方向在聚（N-异丙基丙烯酰胺）（PNIPAM）凝胶基质中取向。 PNIPAM 矩阵的折射率远小于 Fe3O4@PVP CNC 颗粒，并且其体积和晶格常数会因温度而显著变化，因此制备的 1D PC 热致变色薄膜可以显示出鲜艳的彩虹色，对温度非常敏感，即使在 Fe3O4@PVP CNC 颗粒的体积分数仅为 0.1 vol%的情况下，也具有良好的可逆性和耐久性。例如，当温度从 10°C 升高到 35°C 时，衍射波长的蓝移范围可达 140 nm。与之前报道的 3D 光子晶体薄膜相比，它们还具有简便、快速的一步制备过程和良好的机械性能。此外，通过改变聚合过程中 H 或交联程度，可以方便地调节晶格常数和光学性质。因此，所获得的自立式 1D PC 热致变色薄膜被认为具有作为新一代热致变色聚合物基复合材料的应用潜力。

[1232] Gradient Porous Elastic Hydrogels with Shape-Memory Property and Anisotropic Responses for Programmable Locomotion Advanced Functional Materials, 2015, 25(47): 7272-7279. Programmable locomotion of responsive hydrogels has gained increasing attention for potential applications in soft robotics, microfluidic components, actuators, and artificial muscle. Modulation of hydrogel pore structures is essential for tailoring their mechanical strength, response speeds, and motion behaviors. Conventional methods forming hydrogels with homogeneous or stepwise-distributed pore structures are limited by the required compromise to simultaneously optimize these aspects. Here, a heterobifunctional crosslinker enabled hydrothermal process is introduced to synthesize responsive hydrogels with well-defined gradient pore construction. According to gradient porosity controls, the hydrogels simultaneously exhibit rapid responses to external stimuli, high elasticity/compressibility, and programmable locomotion capability. By incorporating polypyrrole nanoparticles as photothermal transducers, photo/thermal responsive composite hydrogels are formed to enable programmable control of locomotion such as bending, curving, twisting, and octopus-like swimming under near-infrared laser stimulation. The tunable pore structures, mechanical properties, and locomotion of this new class of materials make these gradient porous hydrogels potentially suitable for a variety of applications.
[1232] 具有形状记忆性能和各向异性响应的梯度多孔水凝胶，用于可编程运动，先进功能材料，2015，25(47)：7272-7279。响应性水凝胶的可编程运动在软体机器人、微流控组件、执行器和人工肌肉等潜在应用中越来越受到关注。调节水凝胶孔隙结构对于定制其机械强度、响应速度和运动行为至关重要。形成具有均匀或阶梯状分布孔隙结构的水凝胶的传统方法受到同时优化这些方面的必要妥协的限制。在这里，介绍了一种异双功能交联剂和热液过程，用于合成具有明确梯度孔隙结构的响应性水凝胶。根据梯度孔隙率控制，水凝胶同时表现出对外部刺激的快速响应、高弹性和压缩性以及可编程运动能力。 通过将聚吡咯纳米颗粒作为光热传感器，形成了光/热响应复合水凝胶，以实现运动（如弯曲、弯曲、扭曲和章鱼般的游泳）的可编程控制，这些运动在近红外激光刺激下进行。这种新材料类别的可调孔结构、机械性能和运动特性使这些梯度多孔水凝胶可能适用于各种应用。

[1233] Gradient Porous Elastic Hydrogels with Shape-Memory Property and Anisotropic Responses for Programmable Locomotion Advanced Functional Materials, 2015, 25(47): 7272-7279. Programmable locomotion of responsive hydrogels has gained increasing attention for potential applications in soft robotics, microfluidic components, actuators, and artificial muscle. Modulation of hydrogel pore structures is essential for tailoring their mechanical strength, response speeds, and motion behaviors. Conventional methods forming hydrogels with homogeneous or stepwise-distributed pore structures are limited by the required compromise to simultaneously optimize these aspects. Here, a heterobifunctional crosslinker enabled hydrothermal process is introduced to synthesize responsive hydrogels with well-defined gradient pore construction. According to gradient porosity controls, the hydrogels simultaneously exhibit rapid responses to external stimuli, high elasticity/compressibility, and programmable locomotion capability. By incorporating polypyrrole nanoparticles as photothermal transducers, photo/thermal responsive composite hydrogels are formed to enable programmable control of locomotion such as bending, curving, twisting, and octopus-like swimming under near-infrared laser stimulation. The tunable pore structures, mechanical properties, and locomotion of this new class of materials make these gradient porous hydrogels potentially suitable for a variety of applications.
[1233] 具有形状记忆性能和各向异性响应的梯度多孔水凝胶，用于可编程运动，先进功能材料，2015，25(47)：7272-7279。响应性水凝胶的可编程运动在软体机器人、微流控组件、执行器和人工肌肉等潜在应用中越来越受到关注。调节水凝胶孔隙结构对于定制其机械强度、响应速度和运动行为至关重要。形成具有均匀或阶梯状分布孔隙结构的水凝胶的传统方法受到同时优化这些方面的必要妥协的限制。在这里，介绍了一种异双功能交联剂和热液过程，用于合成具有明确梯度孔隙结构的响应性水凝胶。根据梯度孔隙率控制，水凝胶同时表现出对外部刺激的快速响应、高弹性和压缩性以及可编程运动能力。 通过将聚吡咯纳米颗粒作为光热传感器，形成了光/热响应复合水凝胶，以实现运动（如弯曲、弯曲、扭曲和章鱼般的游泳）的可编程控制，这些运动在近红外激光刺激下进行。这种新材料类别的可调孔结构、机械性能和运动特性使这些梯度多孔水凝胶可能适用于各种应用。

[1234] Bioinspired Thermoresponsive Photonic Polymers with Hierarchical Structures and Their Unique Properties Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 2015, 36(19): 1722-1728. Thermoresponsive photonic materials having hierarchical structures are created by combining a template of Morpho butterfly wings with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) through a chemical bonding and polymerization route. These materials show temperature-induced color tunability. Through reacting with both NIPAM monomers and the amino groups of chitosan in wing scales, glutaraldehyde workes as a bridge by creating chemical bonding between the biotemplate and the PNIPAM. The corresponding reflection peaks red-shift with increase in temperature-an opposite phenomenon to previous studies, demonstrating a thermoresponsive photonic property. This unique phenomenon is caused by the refractive index change due to the volume change of PNIPAM during the temperature rising. This work sets up an efficient strategy for the fabrication of stimuli-responsive photonic materials with hierarchical structures toward extensive applications in science and technology.
[1234] 基于分层结构的生物启发热响应光子聚合物及其独特性质 大分子快速通讯，2015，36(19)：1722-1728。通过化学键合和聚合途径，将蝴蝶翅膀模板与聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)（PNIPAM）结合，制备了具有分层结构的热响应光子材料。这些材料表现出温度诱导的颜色可调性。通过与 NIPAM 单体和翅膀鳞片中的壳聚糖氨基反应，戊二醛通过在生物模板和 PNIPAM 之间形成化学键合起桥梁作用。相应的反射峰随着温度的升高而红移——与先前研究相反，证明了热响应光子特性。这一独特现象是由 PNIPAM 在温度升高时体积变化引起的折射率变化所引起的。这项工作建立了一种高效策略，用于制备具有分层结构的光子材料，以广泛应用于科学技术领域。

[1235] Controlled Release of Anthocyanins from Oxidized Konjac Glucomannan Microspheres Stabilized by Chitosan Oligosaccharides Food Hydrocolloids, 2015, 51: 476-485. A novel oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKGM) microsphere system was developed to protect and targeted deliver the sensitive antioxidant-anthocyanins into intestine. The microspheres were made of oxidized konjac glucomannan, which was cross-linked by Fe3+ via emulsification method. The absorption of anthocyanins was driven by the electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged OKGM microspheres and positively charged anthocyanins. CLSM images showed that anthocyanins distributed homogenously through the OKGM microspheres. The absorption and release behavior of anthocyanins on OKGM microspheres were determined as a function of pH and salt concentration. A maximum absorption capacity was obtained at pH 3 and low salt concentration. However, anthocyanins were released significantly at simulated stomach conditions due to fast degradation of OKGM microspheres. An extra positively charged chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) layer was applied on OKGM microspheres to prevent H+ ions permeating into microspheres under stomach condition. COS oligomers were cross-linked with glutaraldehyde to further strengthen the OKGM microspheres' structure. Finally, glutaraldehyde cross-linked COS stabilized OKGM microspheres became stable against H+ ions in simulated stomach condition, therefore OKGM microspheres can prevent an early release of the anthocyanins in stomach condition and achieve a sustained released in the intestinal condition. The in vitro release experiments revealed that the OKGM microspheres had a potential as a carrier of targeted delivery of bioactive compounds in the intestine. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
[1235] 利用壳聚糖寡糖稳定氧化魔芋甘露聚糖微球控制释放花青素 食品胶体，2015，51：476-485。开发了一种新型的氧化魔芋甘露聚糖（OKGM）微球系统，用于保护和靶向将敏感的抗氧化剂-花青素递送到肠道。微球由氧化魔芋甘露聚糖制成，通过乳化法用 Fe3+交联。花青素的吸收是由带负电荷的 OKGM 微球和带正电荷的花青素之间的静电相互作用驱动的。共聚焦激光扫描显微镜（CLSM）图像显示，花青素在 OKGM 微球中均匀分布。花青素在 OKGM 微球上的吸收和释放行为被确定为 pH 和盐浓度的函数。在 pH 3 和低盐浓度下获得最大吸收容量。然而，由于 OKGM 微球快速降解，在模拟胃条件下显著释放花青素。 在 OKGM 微球上施加了一层额外的正电荷壳聚糖寡糖（COS）层，以防止 H+离子在胃条件下渗透到微球中。COS 寡糖与戊二醛交联，以进一步增强 OKGM 微球的结构。最后，戊二醛交联的 COS 稳定了 OKGM 微球，使其在模拟胃条件下对 H+离子稳定，因此 OKGM 微球可以防止在胃条件下早期释放花青素，并在肠道条件下实现持续释放。体外释放实验表明，OKGM 微球作为肠道中生物活性化合物靶向递送载体的潜力。版权所有（C）2015 Elsevier Ltd。

[1236] Polymer Distributed Bragg Reflectors for Vapor Sensing Acs Photonics, 2015, 2(4): 537-543. We establish a new strategy to achieve fast and responsive hybrid distributed Bragg reflectors for environmental vapor sensing. We fabricated easily processable zinc oxide-polystyrene nanocomposites to grow high quality multilayers with large gas permeability and dielectric contrast, which enable fast and sensitive detection of vapor analytes. Multilayers fabricated by simple spin-coating of the nanocomposite and cellulose acetate show a 10-fold enhancement of the optical response to toluene exposure compared to reference distributed Bragg reflectors built with bare. polystyrene.
[1236] 聚合物分布式布拉格反射器用于蒸汽传感 Acs Photonics，2015，2(4)：537-543。我们提出了一种新的策略，以实现快速响应的混合分布式布拉格反射器，用于环境蒸汽传感。我们制备了易于加工的氧化锌-聚苯乙烯纳米复合材料，以生长具有大气体渗透性和介电对比度的高质量多层结构，这使蒸汽分析物的快速灵敏检测成为可能。与裸露的聚苯乙烯构建的参考分布式布拉格反射器相比，通过简单旋涂纳米复合材料和醋酸纤维素制备的多层结构在暴露于甲苯时显示出光学响应的 10 倍增强。

[1237] An Anisotropic Hydrogel with Electrostatic Repulsion between Cofacially Aligned Nanosheets Nature, 2015, 517(7532): 68-72. Machine technology frequently puts magnetic or electrostatic repulsive forces to practical use, as in maglev trains, vehicle suspensions or non-contact bearings(1,2). In contrast, materials design overwhelmingly focuses on attractive interactions, such as in the many advanced polymer-based composites, where inorganic fillers interact with a polymer matrix to improve mechanical properties. However, articular cartilage strikingly illustrates how electrostatic repulsion can be harnessed to achieve unparalleled functional efficiency: it permits virtually friction-less mechanical motion within joints, even under high compression(3,4). Here we describe a composite hydrogel with anisotropic mechanical properties dominated by electrostatic repulsion between negatively charged unilamellar titanate nanosheets(5) embedded within it. Crucial to the behaviour of this hydrogel is the serendipitous discovery of cofacial nanosheet alignment in aqueous colloidal dispersions subjected to a strong magnetic field, which maximizes electrostatic repulsion(6) and thereby induces a quasi-crystalline structural ordering(7,8) over macroscopic length scales and with uniformly large face-to-face nanosheet separation. We fix this transiently induced structural order by transforming the dispersion into a hydrogel(9,10) using light-triggered in situ vinyl polymerization(11). The resultant hydrogel, containing charged inorganic structures that align cofacially in a magnetic flux(12-19), deforms easily under shear forces applied parallel to the embedded nanosheets yet resists compressive forces applied orthogonally. We anticipate that the concept of embedding anisotropic repulsive electrostatics within a composite material, inspired by articular cartilage, will open up new possibilities for developing soft materials with unusual functions.
[1237] 具有同面排列纳米片之间静电排斥的各向异性水凝胶 自然，2015，517(7532)：68-72。机器技术通常将磁力或静电排斥力应用于实际，如在磁悬浮列车、车辆悬挂或非接触轴承（1，2）中。相比之下，材料设计主要关注吸引力相互作用，如在许多基于聚合物的先进复合材料中，无机填料与聚合物基体相互作用以提高机械性能。然而，关节软骨显著说明了如何利用静电排斥来实现无与伦比的功能效率：它允许关节内几乎无摩擦的机械运动，即使在高压下（3，4）。在此，我们描述了一种具有各向异性机械性能的复合水凝胶，其主要由嵌入其中的带负电荷的单层氧化钛纳米片之间的静电排斥力主导（5）。 该水凝胶的行为关键在于在强磁场下，水合胶体分散体系中意外发现共面纳米片对齐，这最大化了静电排斥（6），从而在宏观尺度上诱导出准晶结构有序（7,8），并具有均匀的大面面纳米片间距。我们通过使用光触发的原位乙烯基聚合物化（11）将这种分散体系转化为水凝胶（9,10），从而固定这种暂时诱导的结构有序性。所得水凝胶含有带电的无机结构，这些结构在磁场通量（12-19）中共面排列，在平行于嵌入纳米片的剪切力作用下容易变形，但在垂直于其方向施加的压缩力下则能抵抗。我们预计，受关节软骨启发的在复合材料中嵌入各向异性排斥静电的概念，将为开发具有异常功能的软材料开辟新的可能性。

[1238] An Anisotropic Hydrogel with Electrostatic Repulsion between Cofacially Aligned Nanosheets Nature, 2015, 517(7532): 68-72. Machine technology frequently puts magnetic or electrostatic repulsive forces to practical use, as in maglev trains, vehicle suspensions or non-contact bearings(1,2). In contrast, materials design overwhelmingly focuses on attractive interactions, such as in the many advanced polymer-based composites, where inorganic fillers interact with a polymer matrix to improve mechanical properties. However, articular cartilage strikingly illustrates how electrostatic repulsion can be harnessed to achieve unparalleled functional efficiency: it permits virtually friction-less mechanical motion within joints, even under high compression(3,4). Here we describe a composite hydrogel with anisotropic mechanical properties dominated by electrostatic repulsion between negatively charged unilamellar titanate nanosheets(5) embedded within it. Crucial to the behaviour of this hydrogel is the serendipitous discovery of cofacial nanosheet alignment in aqueous colloidal dispersions subjected to a strong magnetic field, which maximizes electrostatic repulsion(6) and thereby induces a quasi-crystalline structural ordering(7,8) over macroscopic length scales and with uniformly large face-to-face nanosheet separation. We fix this transiently induced structural order by transforming the dispersion into a hydrogel(9,10) using light-triggered in situ vinyl polymerization(11). The resultant hydrogel, containing charged inorganic structures that align cofacially in a magnetic flux(12-19), deforms easily under shear forces applied parallel to the embedded nanosheets yet resists compressive forces applied orthogonally. We anticipate that the concept of embedding anisotropic repulsive electrostatics within a composite material, inspired by articular cartilage, will open up new possibilities for developing soft materials with unusual functions.
[1238] 具有同面排列纳米片之间静电排斥的各向异性水凝胶 自然，2015，517(7532)：68-72。机器技术通常将磁力或静电排斥力应用于实际，如在磁悬浮列车、车辆悬挂或非接触轴承（1，2）中。相比之下，材料设计主要关注吸引力相互作用，如在许多基于聚合物的先进复合材料中，无机填料与聚合物基体相互作用以改善机械性能。然而，关节软骨显著说明了如何利用静电排斥力实现无与伦比的功能效率：它允许关节内几乎无摩擦的机械运动，即使在高压下（3，4）。在此，我们描述了一种具有各向异性机械性能的复合水凝胶，其主要由嵌入其中的带负电荷的单层氧化钛纳米片之间的静电排斥力主导（5）。 该水凝胶的行为关键在于在强磁场下，水合胶体分散体系中意外发现共面纳米片对齐，这最大化了静电排斥（6），从而在宏观尺度上诱导出准晶结构有序（7,8），并具有均匀的大面面纳米片间距。我们通过使用光触发的原位乙烯基聚合物化（11）将这种分散体系转化为水凝胶（9,10），从而固定这种暂时诱导的结构有序性。所得水凝胶含有带电的无机结构，这些结构在磁场通量（12-19）中共面排列，在平行于嵌入纳米片的剪切力作用下容易变形，但在垂直于其方向施加的压缩力下则能抵抗。我们预计，受关节软骨启发的在复合材料中嵌入各向异性排斥静电的概念，将为开发具有异常功能的软材料开辟新的可能性。

[1239] Response of Pani-Defect One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals to Acidic/Alkali Vapor Colloids and Surfaces a-Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2015, 481: 561-566. This paper describes the introduction of a planar polyaniline (PANI) defect layer within SiO2/graphene oxide (GO) one dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) for the elaboration of tunable photonic crystal acidic/alkali vapor sensors with enhanced optical properties. The response result can be easily captured by the naked eye through a change in structural color. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
[1239] Pani-缺陷一维光子晶体对酸性/碱性气溶胶和表面的响应：物理化学和工程学方面，2015，481：561-566。本文介绍了在 SiO2/氧化石墨烯（GO）一维光子晶体（1DPC）中引入平面聚苯胺（PANI）缺陷层，以制备具有增强光学特性的可调光子晶体酸性/碱性气溶胶传感器。响应结果可以通过结构色的变化轻易地用肉眼捕捉。（C）2015 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[1240] Molecularly Engineered Dual-Crosslinked Hydrogel with Ultrahigh Mechanical Strength, Toughness, and Good Self-Recovery Advanced Materials, 2015, 27(12): 2054-2059. A molecularly engineered dual-crosslinked hydrogel with extraordinary mechanical properties is reported. The hydrogel network is formed with both chemical crosslinking and acrylic-Fe(III) coordination; these, respectively, impart the elasticity and enhance the mechanical properties by effectively dissipating energy. The optimal hydrogel achieves a tensile stress of ca. 6 MPa at a large elongation ratio (> 7 times), a toughness of 27 MJ m(-3), and a stiffness of ca. 2 MPa, and has good self-recovery properties.
分子工程化双交联超高机械强度、韧性和良好自修复水凝胶，《先进材料》，2015，27(12)：2054-2059。报道了一种具有非凡机械性能的分子工程化双交联水凝胶。该水凝胶网络由化学交联和丙烯-Fe(III)配位形成；这些分别赋予其弹性，并通过有效耗散能量来增强机械性能。最佳水凝胶在较大伸长率（>7 倍）下达到约 6 MPa 的拉伸应力，韧性为 27 MJ m(-3)，刚度约为 2 MPa，并具有良好的自修复性能。

[1241] A Novel Biocompatible Double Network Hydrogel Consisting of Konjac Glucomannan with High Mechanical Strength and Ability to Be Freely Shaped Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2015, 3(9): 1769-1778. A novel physically linked double-network (DN) hydrogel based on natural polymer konjac glucomannan (KGM) and synthetic polymer polyacrylamide (PAAm) has been successfully developed. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used as a macro-crosslinker to prepare the PVA-KGM first network hydrogel by a cycle freezing and thawing method for the first time. Subsequent introduction of a secondary PAAm network resulted in super-tough DN hydrogels. The resulting PVA-KGM/PAAm DN hydrogels exhibited unique ability to be freely shaped, cell adhesion properties and excellent mechanical properties, which do not fracture upon loading up to 65 MPa and a strain above 0.98. The mechanical strength and microstructure of the DN hydrogels were investigated as functions of acrylamide (AAm) content and freezing and thawing times. A unique embedded micro-network structure was observed in the PVA-KGM/ PAAm DN gels and accounted for the significant improvement in toughness. The fracture mechanism is discussed based on the yielding behaviour of these physically linked hydrogels.
[1241] 一种新型生物相容性双网络水凝胶，由高机械强度和可自由塑形能力的魔芋甘露聚糖组成，《材料化学 B》杂志，2015，3(9)：1769-1778。一种基于天然聚合物魔芋甘露聚糖（KGM）和合成聚合物聚丙烯酰胺（PAAm）的新型物理交联双网络（DN）水凝胶已被成功开发。首次使用聚乙烯醇（PVA）作为宏观交联剂，通过循环冻融法制备 PVA-KGM 第一网络水凝胶。随后引入二级 PAAm 网络，产生了超韧 DN 水凝胶。所得的 PVA-KGM/PAAm DN 水凝胶表现出独特的可自由塑形能力、细胞粘附性能和优异的机械性能，在加载至 65 MPa 和应变超过 0.98 时不会断裂。研究了 DN 水凝胶的机械强度和微观结构随丙烯酰胺（AAm）含量和冻融次数的变化。在 PVA-KGM/PAAm DN 凝胶中观察到独特的嵌入微网络结构，这导致了韧性的显著提高。 基于这些物理连接水凝胶的屈服行为，讨论了断裂机制。

[1242] Responsive Polymer-Based Assemblies for Sensing Applications Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 2015, 36(15): 1382-1392. Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm)-based hydrogels and hydrogel particles (microgels) have been extensively studied since their discovery and "popularization" a few decades ago. While their uses seem to have no bounds, this Feature Article is focused on their development and application for sensing small molecules, macromolecules, and biomolecules. Hydrogel/microgel-based photonic materials with order in one, two, or three dimensions are highlighted, which exhibit optical properties that depend on the presence and concentration of various analytes.
基于聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(pNIPAm)的水凝胶和水凝胶颗粒（微凝胶）自几十年前被发现和“普及”以来已被广泛研究。尽管它们的用途似乎没有界限，这篇特写文章专注于它们在传感小分子、大分子和生物分子方面的发展和应用。突出了一维、二维或三维有序的水凝胶/微凝胶基光子材料，这些材料的光学性质取决于各种分析物的存在和浓度。

[1243] A Highly Conspicuous Mineralized Composite Photonic Architecture in the Translucent Shell of the Blue-Rayed Limpet Nature Communications, 2015, 6: 6322. Many species rely on diverse selections of entirely organic photonic structures for the manipulation of light and the display of striking colours. Here we report the discovery of a mineralized hierarchical photonic architecture embedded within the translucent shell of the blue-rayed limpet Patella pellucida. The bright colour of the limpet's stripes originates from light interference in a periodically layered zig-zag architecture of crystallographically co-oriented calcite lamellae. Beneath the photonic multilayer, a disordered array of light-absorbing particles provides contrast for the blue colour. This unique mineralized manifestation of a synergy of two distinct optical elements at specific locations within the continuum of the limpet's translucent protective shell ensures the vivid shine of the blue stripes, which can be perceived under water from a wide range of viewing angles. The stripes' reflection band coincides with the spectral range of minimal light absorption in sea water, raising intriguing questions regarding their functional significance.
[1243] 蓝光鲍透明壳中的高度显眼的矿化复合光子结构 自然通讯，2015，6：6322。许多物种依赖于完全有机的光子结构的不同选择来操纵光线和展示鲜艳的颜色。在此，我们报告了在蓝光鲍 Patella pellucida 透明壳内嵌入的矿化分层光子结构的发现。鲍鱼条纹的明亮颜色源于晶格取向一致的方解石层状结构周期性层叠的衍射。在光子多层下面，一个无序排列的光吸收粒子阵列提供了蓝色对比度。这种独特的矿化现象确保了鲍鱼透明保护壳中特定位置的两个不同光学元素的协同作用，从而保证了蓝色条纹的鲜艳光泽，这种光泽可以在水下从广泛的视角观察到。 条纹的反射带与海水中最小光吸收光谱范围相吻合，这引发了关于其功能意义的有趣问题。

[1244] Mechanochromic Fibers with Structural Color ChemPhysChem, 2015, 16(18): 3761-3768. Responsive photonic crystals have been widely developed to realize tunable structural colors by manipulating the flow of light. Among them, mechanochromic photonic crystals attract increasing attention due to the easy operation, high safety and broad applications. Recently, mechanochromic photonic crystal fibers were proposed to satisfy the booming wearable smart textile market. In this Concept, the fundamental mechanism, fabrication, and recent progress on mechanochromic photonic crystals, especially in fiber shape, are summarized to represent a new direction in sensing and displaying.
[1244] 具有结构色的机械色纤维 化学物理化学，2015，16(18)：3761-3768。响应性光子晶体已被广泛开发，通过操控光流实现可调结构色。其中，机械色光子晶体因其易于操作、高安全性和广泛应用而受到越来越多的关注。最近，提出了机械色光子晶体纤维以满足蓬勃发展的可穿戴智能纺织品市场。在本概念中，总结了机械色光子晶体的基本机制、制备和最新进展，特别是在纤维形状方面，以代表传感和显示的新方向。

[1245] Responsive Double Network Hydrogels of Interpenetrating DNA and Cb[8] Host-Guest Supramolecular Systems Advanced Materials, 2015, 27(21): 3298-3304. A supramolecular double network hydrogel is presented by physical interpenetration of DNA and cucurbit[8]uril networks. In addition to exhibiting an increase in strength and thermal stability, the double network hydrogel possesses excellent properties such as stretchability, ductility, shear-thinning, and thixotropy. Moreover, it is enzymatically responsive to both nuclease and cellulase, as well as small molecules, showing great potential as a new soft material scaffold.
[1245] 交联 DNA 和 Cb[8]主-客体超分子体系的响应性双网络水凝胶 高分子材料科学，2015，27(21)：3298-3304。通过 DNA 和葫芦脲[8]网络物理互穿，提出了一种超分子双网络水凝胶。除了表现出强度和热稳定性的增加外，双网络水凝胶还具有优异的性能，如可拉伸性、延展性、剪切变稀性和触变性。此外，它对核酸酶和纤维素酶以及小分子具有酶促响应性，显示出作为新型软材料支架的巨大潜力。

[1246] Visualization of Polymer Deformation Using Microcapsules Filled with Charge-Transfer Complex Precursors ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2015, 7(39): 21828-21834. The visualization of polymer deformation using microcapsules filled with charge-transfer complex precursors is reported. Poly(urea-formaldehyde) microcapsules filled with toluene and either hexamethylbenzene as donor or chloranil as acceptor were prepared by in situ polymerization of an oil-in-water emulsion. The resulting microcapsules were incorporated in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) matrix by dispersing them in the monomer and subsequent curing. The microcapsules were shown to rupture when the polymer was placed under mechanical forces (i.e., tensile and compression) such that the donor and the acceptor are released into the polymeric matrix, where their combination to a charge-transfer complex results in a pronounced yellow-to-red color change. The factors influencing the extent of the color change (composition and mechanical strain) were investigated and a deformation threshold seems to be present. The new damagesensing materials may be useful for a range of applications and the general concept applied seems to be readily applicable to other host polymers.
[1246] 利用电荷转移复合物前体填充微胶囊可视化聚合物变形——ACS 应用材料与界面，2015，7(39)：21828-21834。报道了利用填充电荷转移复合物前体的微胶囊可视化聚合物变形。通过油包水乳液原位聚合制备了填充甲苯和六甲基苯作为供体或氯安作为受体的聚脲甲醛微胶囊。将微胶囊分散在单体中并随后进行固化，将其嵌入聚二甲基硅氧烷基质中。当聚合物受到机械力（即拉伸和压缩）作用时，微胶囊被证明会破裂，供体和受体会释放到聚合物基质中，它们的组合形成电荷转移复合物，导致明显的黄到红颜色变化。研究了影响颜色变化程度（组成和机械应变）的因素，并似乎存在一个变形阈值。 新型损伤感应材料可能适用于多种应用，所采用的一般概念似乎也易于应用于其他宿主聚合物。

[1247] Protein Recognition Using Synthetic Small-Molecular Binders toward Optical Protein Sensing and in Live Cells Chemical Society Reviews, 2015, 44(13): 4454-4471. Chemical sensing of amino acids, peptides, and proteins provides fruitful information to understand their biological functions, as well as to develop the medical and technological applications. To detect amino acids, peptides, and proteins in vitro and in vivo, vast kinds of chemical sensors including small synthetic binders/sensors, genetically-encoded fluorescent proteins and protein-based semisynthetic biosensors have been intensely investigated. This review deals with concepts, strategies, and applications of protein recognition and sensing using small synthetic binders/sensors, which are now actively studied but still in the early stage of investigation. The recognition strategies for peptides and proteins can be divided into three categories: (i) recognition of protein substructures, (ii) protein surface recognition, and (iii) protein sensing through proteinligand interaction. Here, we overview representative examples of protein recognition and sensing, and discuss biological or diagnostic applications such as potent inhibitors/modulators of protein-protein interactions.
[1247] 利用合成小分子结合剂进行蛋白质识别，以实现光学蛋白质传感和在活细胞中的化学传感，化学学会评论，2015，44(13)：4454-4471。氨基酸、肽和蛋白质的化学传感为理解其生物学功能以及开发医疗和技术应用提供了丰富信息。为了在体外和体内检测氨基酸、肽和蛋白质，已经对大量化学传感器进行了深入研究，包括小合成结合剂/传感器、基因编码的荧光蛋白和基于蛋白质的半合成生物传感器。本综述讨论了使用小合成结合剂/传感器进行蛋白质识别和传感的概念、策略和应用，这些内容目前正处于积极研究阶段，但研究仍处于早期阶段。肽和蛋白质的识别策略可以分为三类：（i）蛋白质亚结构的识别，（ii）蛋白质表面识别，（iii）通过蛋白质-配体相互作用进行蛋白质传感。 这里，我们概述了蛋白质识别和传感的代表性例子，并讨论了生物或诊断应用，如强效的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用抑制剂/调节剂。

[1248] Stimulus-Responsive Hydrogels: Theory, Modern Advances, and Applications Materials Science & Engineering R-Reports, 2015, 93: 1-49. Over the past century, hydrogels have emerged as effective materials for an immense variety of applications. The unique network structure of hydrogels enables very high levels of hydrophilicity and biocompatibility, while at the same time exhibiting the soft physical properties associated with living tissue, making them ideal biomaterials. Stimulus-responsive hydrogels have been especially impactful, allowing for unprecedented levels of control over material properties in response to external cues. This enhanced control has enabled groundbreaking advances in healthcare, allowing for more effective treatment of a vast array of diseases and improved approaches for tissue engineering and wound healing. In this extensive review, we identify and discuss the multitude of response modalities that have been developed, including temperature, pH, chemical, light, electro, and shear-sensitive hydrogels. We discuss the theoretical analysis of hydrogel properties and the mechanisms used to create these responses, highlighting both the pioneering and most recent work in all of these fields. Finally, we review the many current and proposed applications of these hydrogels in medicine and industry. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
刺激响应水凝胶：理论、现代进展与应用 材料科学与工程 R 报告，2015，93：1-49。在过去的一个世纪里，水凝胶已成为众多应用中有效的材料。水凝胶独特的网络结构使其具有极高的亲水性和生物相容性，同时展现出与活组织相关的柔软物理性质，使其成为理想的生物材料。刺激响应水凝胶尤其具有影响力，能够对外部信号实现前所未有的材料性能控制。这种增强的控制能力推动了医疗保健领域的突破性进展，使得对各种疾病的疗效得到提高，并为组织工程和伤口愈合提供了改进的方法。在这篇广泛的综述中，我们确定了并讨论了已开发的多种响应模式，包括温度、pH 值、化学、光、电和剪切敏感水凝胶。 我们讨论了水凝胶特性的理论分析以及创造这些响应的机制，突出了这些领域中的开创性工作和最新工作。最后，我们回顾了这些水凝胶在医学和工业中许多当前和拟议的应用。（C）2015 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[1249] Photonic Patterns Printed in Chiral Nematic Mesoporous Resins Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 2015, 54(14): 4304-4308. Chiral nematic mesoporous phenol-formaldehyde resins, which were prepared using cellulose nanocrystals as a template, can be used as a substrate to produce latent photonic images. These resins undergo swelling, which changes their reflected color. By writing on the films with chemical inks, the density of methylol groups in the resin changes, subsequently affecting their degree of swelling and, consequently, their color. Writing on the films gives latent images that are revealed only upon swelling of the films. Using inkjet printing, it is possible to make higher resolution photonic patterns both as text and images that can be visualized by swelling and erased by drying. This novel approach to printing photonic patterns in resin films may be applied to anti-counterfeit tags, signage, and decorative applications.
[1249] 光子图案打印在手性液晶介孔树脂中 Angewandte Chemie-国际版，2015，54(14)：4304-4308。以纤维素纳米晶体为模板制备的手性液晶介孔酚醛树脂可以用作基底来产生潜光图像。这些树脂会膨胀，改变其反射颜色。通过用化学墨水在薄膜上书写，树脂中羟甲基基团的密度发生变化，从而影响其膨胀程度，进而影响其颜色。在薄膜上书写会在薄膜膨胀时显现潜像。使用喷墨打印，可以制作出更高分辨率的文本和图像光子图案，这些图案可以通过膨胀来可视化，并通过干燥来擦除。这种在树脂薄膜中打印光子图案的新方法可以应用于防伪标签、标牌和装饰应用。

[1250] Pressure Sensor Based on Flexible Photonic Crystal Membrane Biomedical Optics Express, 2015, 6(12): 4901-4911. We demonstrate a pressure sensor based on deformation of a periodically nanostructured Bragg grating waveguide on a flexible 50 mu m polydimethylsiloxane membrane and remote optical read out. A pressure change causes deformation of this 2 mm diameter photonic crystal membrane sealing a reference volume. The resulting shift of the guided mode resonances is observed by a remote camera as localized color change. Crossed polarization filters are employed for enhancing the visibility of the guided mode resonances. Pressure values are calculated from the intensity change in the green color channel using a calibration curve in the range of 2000 Pa to 4000 Pa. A limit of detection (LOD) of 160 Pa is estimated. This LOD combined with the small size of the sensor and its biocompatibility render it promising for application as an implantable intraocular pressure sensor. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America
基于柔性光子晶体薄膜的压力传感器 生物医学光学快报，2015，6(12): 4901-4911。我们展示了一种基于柔性 50 微米聚二甲基硅氧烷薄膜上周期性纳米结构布拉格光栅波导变形的压力传感器和远程光学读出。压力变化导致直径为 2 毫米的光子晶体薄膜变形，密封一个参考体积。通过远程摄像头观察到引导模式共振的偏移，表现为局部颜色变化。使用交叉偏振滤光片增强引导模式共振的可见性。通过 2000 Pa 至 4000 Pa 范围内的校准曲线，从绿色通道的强度变化中计算出压力值。估计检测限（LOD）为 160 Pa。此检测限结合传感器的微小尺寸和生物相容性，使其有望作为植入式眼内压传感器应用。版权所有（C）2015 光学学会

[1251] Analysis of Deacetylated Konjac Glucomannan and Xanthan Gum Phase Separation by Film Forming Food Hydrocolloids, 2015, 48: 320-326. In this study, the influences of deacetylation degree (DD) on phase separation of konjac glucomannan/xanthan gum blended systems were investigated through film forming properties. The transparency, mechanical properties and structure were characterized by UV-Vis, electronic tensile tester and FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectroscopy respectively. When DD of deacetylated konjac glucomannan (DKGM) was 52.34%, the mechanical properties, transparency, moisture absorption of blended films were the highest. Subsequently, the hydrogen bonds between DKGM and xanthan gum were enhanced and the surface of the resultant film was smooth and flat. Besides, the phase separation particles were analyzed by X-Ray diffraction, which were similar size with DKGM self-aggregations. Thermogravimetry (TG) indicates high DKGM blended film possessed higher stability arising from DKGM self-aggregations. In conclusion, the results provided a method of studying phase separation between two macromolecules by film forming. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
[1251] 通过薄膜形成食品胶体对脱乙酰化葛根甘露聚糖和黄原胶相分离的分析，2015，48：320-326。本研究通过薄膜形成特性研究了脱乙酰化程度（DD）对葛根甘露聚糖/黄原胶混合系统相分离的影响。分别通过紫外-可见光谱、电子拉伸试验机和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分别表征了透明度、机械性能和结构。当脱乙酰化葛根甘露聚糖（DKGM）的 DD 为 52.34%时，混合薄膜的机械性能、透明度和水分吸收率最高。随后，DKGM 与黄原胶之间的氢键增强，所得薄膜表面光滑平坦。此外，通过 X 射线衍射分析了相分离颗粒，其尺寸与 DKGM 自聚集相似。热重分析（TG）表明，DKGM 混合薄膜具有更高的稳定性，这归因于 DKGM 自聚集。总之，这些结果提供了一种通过薄膜形成研究两种大分子之间相分离的方法。（C）2015 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。

[1252] Unusual and Superfast Temperature-Triggered Actuators Advanced Materials, 2015, 27(33): 4865-4870. A superfast actuator based on a bilayer fibrous mat shows folding/unfolding and the formation of 3D structures in a fraction of a second. The actuation is reversible for many cycles without losing its form and size, with unfolding at room temperature and folding above 35 degrees C. The system is promising for making 3D bioscaffolds, electrodes, and micro-/macroactuators.
[1252] 非凡且超快速的温度触发驱动器 高分子材料，2015，27(33)：4865-4870。一种基于双层纤维布的超快速驱动器在极短时间内展示出折叠/展开以及形成 3D 结构。驱动过程可逆，在多个循环中不会失去其形状和尺寸，在室温下展开，在 35 摄氏度以上折叠。该系统在制造 3D 生物支架、电极和微/宏观驱动器方面具有潜力。

[1253] Highly Sensitive Mechanochromic Photonic Hydrogels with Fast Reversibility and Mechanical Stability Langmuir, 2015, 31(31): 8732-8737. We present a fast and efficient strategy for the preparation of photonic hydrogels for compression and organic solvent sensing by the self-assembly of monodisperse carbon-encapsulated Fe3O4 nanopartides (NPs). The hydrogel film was composed of acrylamide (AM) and cross-linker N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide) (BIS), and the formed 1D NPs chain structure can be fixed within the hydrogels under a magnetic field by in situ photopolymerization. The resulting photonic hydrogels display vivid structural color which can be tuned by pressing and organic solvent treatment. The 0.2 kPa compression applied to the photonic hydrogels can be detected by the 37 nm blue shift of a reflection peak. Importantly, the photonic hydrogels can recover to their original state (<1 s) after being compressed on a pattern. Moreover, the sensitivity of mechanochromic photonic hydrogels can be adjusted by manipulating the concentration of monomers, and a large reflection peak shift (4.3 kPa, 200 nm) was observed. The detection range of the compression sensor can thus increase from 0-4.3 to 0-130.6 kPa. The photonic hydrogels are nearly monochromatic, with high sensitivity and stability and fast reversibility, and are potentially useful in displays, diagnostics, compression and solvent sensing.
高灵敏度快速可逆机械稳定光子水凝胶，Langmuir，2015，31（31）：8732-8737。我们提出了一种快速有效的策略，通过单分散碳包覆 Fe3O4 纳米粒子（NPs）的自组装来制备用于压缩和有机溶剂传感的光子水凝胶。水凝胶薄膜由丙烯酰胺（AM）和交联剂 N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺（BIS）组成，形成的 1D NPs 链结构可以在磁场下通过原位光聚合固定在凝胶中。所得光子水凝胶显示出鲜艳的结构色，可以通过按压和有机溶剂处理来调节。施加在光子水凝胶上的 0.2 kPa 压缩可以通过反射峰的 37 nm 蓝移来检测。重要的是，光子水凝胶在被压缩成图案后可以恢复到原始状态（<1 s）。此外，通过调节单体的浓度可以调整机械色变光子水凝胶的灵敏度，并观察到大的反射峰位移（4.3 kPa，200 nm）。 压缩传感器的检测范围因此可以从 0-4.3 kPa 增加到 0-130.6 kPa。光子水凝胶几乎为单色，具有高灵敏度、稳定性和快速可逆性，在显示、诊断、压缩和溶剂传感方面可能很有用。

[1254] Tuning Hydrogel Mechanics Using the Hofmeister Effect Advanced Functional Materials, 2015, 25(41): 6503-6510. The mechanical properties of hydrogels are commonly modified by changing the concentration of the molecular components. This approach, however, does not only change hydrogel mechanics, but also the microstructure, which in turn alters the macroscopic properties of the gel. Here, the Hofmeister effect is used to change the thermoresponsiveness of polyisocyanide hydrogels. In contrast to previous Hofmeister studies, the effect is used to change the phase transition temperatures and to tailor the mechanics of the thermoresponsive (semiflexible) polymer gels. It is demonstrated that the gel stiffness can be manipulated over more than two orders of magnitude by the addition of salts. Surprisingly, the microstructure of the gels does not change upon salt addition, demonstrating that the Hofmeister effect provides an excellent route to change the mechanical properties without distorting other influential parameters of the gel.
通过霍夫迈斯特效应调节水凝胶力学性质 先进功能材料，2015，25(41): 6503-6510。水凝胶的力学性质通常通过改变分子组分的浓度来调节。然而，这种方法不仅改变水凝胶的力学性质，还改变其微观结构，从而改变凝胶的宏观性质。在这里，利用霍夫迈斯特效应改变聚异氰酸酯水凝胶的热响应性。与先前的霍夫迈斯特研究不同，该效应被用来改变相变温度，并定制热响应性（半柔性）聚合物凝胶的力学性质。研究表明，通过添加盐，凝胶的刚度可以调节超过两个数量级。令人惊讶的是，在添加盐后，凝胶的微观结构没有发生变化，这表明霍夫迈斯特效应为改变凝胶的力学性质提供了一个极好的途径，而不会扭曲凝胶的其他影响因素。

[1255] Effects of Photonic Band Gap of Cholesteric Liquid Crystal on Chemiluminescence Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 2015, 613(1): 163-166. We have fabricated glass cells filled with cholesteric liquid crystalline materials (CLC reflectors), which are mixtures of a nematic liquid crystalline mixture, ZLI-2293 (Merck), and a chiral dopant, MLC-6248 (Merck). We reported the enhancement of the maximum emission intensity of luminol reaction by the photonic band gap (PBG) of the CLC reflectors. Here, we report the effect of the relative position of PBG of the CLC reflectors to the emission spectra of luminol reaction on the enhancement of the maximum emission intensity.
[1255] 胆固醇液晶光子带隙对化学发光分子晶体和液晶的影响，2015，613(1): 163-166。我们制备了填充胆固醇液晶材料（CLC 反射器）的玻璃细胞，这些材料是由向列相液晶混合物 ZLI-2293（默克）和手性掺杂剂 MLC-6248（默克）的混合物。我们报道了 CLC 反射器的光子带隙（PBG）增强了洛明反应的最大发射强度。在此，我们报道了 CLC 反射器的 PBG 相对于洛明反应发射光谱的位置对最大发射强度增强的影响。

[1256] Magnetically Responsive Photonic Films with High Tunability and Stability Nano Research, 2015, 8(2): 611-620. We demonstrate the fabrication of magnetically assembled one-dimensional chain-like photonic nanostructures with significantly high photonic stability. The key lies in the use of agarose hydrogel to prevent coagulation of the magnetic assemblies. When exposed to an external magnetic field, negatively charged Fe3O4@SiO2 particles can effectively assemble in the hydrogel matrix into one-dimensional chains with internal periodicity and display a fast, fully reversible, and tunable photonic response to the changes in the external field. The steric hindrance and the hydrogen bonding from the agarose network effectively limit the migration of the Fe3O4@SiO2 particles and their chain-like assemblies. As a result, the system shows remarkable stability in photonic response under external magnetic fields of large gradients, something which has previously been a challenge. The ability to stabilize the magnetic particle assemblies over a long period represents a major stride toward practical applications of such field-responsive photonic materials.
[1256] 具有高可调性和稳定性的磁性响应光子薄膜 纳米研究，2015，8(2)：611-620。我们展示了制备具有显著光子稳定性的磁性组装一维链状光子纳米结构。关键在于使用琼脂糖水凝胶防止磁性组装的凝聚。当暴露于外部磁场时，带负电的 Fe3O4@SiO2 粒子可以有效地在凝胶基质中组装成具有内部周期性的链状结构，并对外部场的变化表现出快速、完全可逆和可调的光子响应。琼脂糖网络的空间位阻和氢键有效地限制了 Fe3O4@SiO2 粒子及其链状组装的迁移。因此，该系统在外部磁场梯度大的条件下表现出卓越的光子响应稳定性，这在以前一直是一个挑战。能够在长时间内稳定磁性粒子组装的能力，代表着此类场响应光子材料实际应用的一大步。

[1257] A Graphene-Based Bimorph Structure for Design of High Performance Photoactuators Advanced Materials, 2015, 27(47): 7867-7873. A photoactuator based on a tubularshaped graphene composite bimorph is fabricated and shows reversible photoactuation with fast response and large deformation (deformation angle of ca. 479 degrees in only 3.6 s), which is mostly attributed to the interfacial thermal stress. Various photoactuator devices based on the tubular bimorph, including a smart box and crawler-type robot that can mimic tank-track motion, are designed.
[1257] 基于石墨烯的双曲结构用于高性能光驱动器设计 高分子材料科学，2015，27(47)：7867-7873。一种基于管状石墨烯复合双曲结构的光驱动器被制造出来，并表现出可逆的光驱动特性、快速响应和大的形变（仅 3.6 秒内形变角度约为 479 度），这主要归因于界面热应力。基于管状双曲结构的光驱动器设备，包括智能箱和模仿坦克履带运动的爬行机器人，被设计出来。

[1258] A Graphene-Based Bimorph Structure for Design of High Performance Photoactuators Advanced Materials, 2015, 27(47): 7867-7873. A photoactuator based on a tubularshaped graphene composite bimorph is fabricated and shows reversible photoactuation with fast response and large deformation (deformation angle of ca. 479 degrees in only 3.6 s), which is mostly attributed to the interfacial thermal stress. Various photoactuator devices based on the tubular bimorph, including a smart box and crawler-type robot that can mimic tank-track motion, are designed.
[1258] 基于石墨烯的双曲结构用于高性能光驱动器设计 高分子材料科学，2015，27(47)：7867-7873。一种基于管状石墨烯复合双曲结构的光驱动器被制造出来，并表现出可逆的光驱动特性、快速响应和大的形变（仅 3.6 秒内形变角度约为 479 度），这主要归因于界面热应力。基于管状双曲结构的光驱动器设备，包括智能箱和模仿坦克履带运动的爬行机器人，被设计出来。

[1259] Strain-Tunable One Dimensional Photonic Crystals Based on Zirconium Dioxide/Slide-Ring Elastomer Nanocomposites for Mechanochromic Sensing ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2015, 7(6): 3641-3646. We demonstrate the fabrication and performance of tunable, elastic organic/inorganic composite one-dimensional photonic crystals (1DPCs) in the visible spectrum. By controlling the composition of high refractive index metal oxide nanoparticle/polymer composites, a refractive index difference of 0.18 between the filled and unfilled polymer layers can be achieved while maintaining desirable flexibility and elasticity. This index contrast is achieved with a loading of 70 wt % zirconium dioxide nanoparticles within a slide-ring elastomer matrix, which is composed of topologically cross-linked polyrotaxane polyols. The large refractive index contrast enables high reflectivity while simultaneously minimizing the number of layers necessary, compared to purely polymer systems. Because the films are both flexible and elastic, these nanocomposite 1DPCs can function as colorimetric strain sensors. We demonstrate the sensing behavior of these 1DPCs by applying over 40% strain, resulting in a visible color shift across the visible spectrum from red to blue. 1DPCs of just 6 periods maintain reflectance of 40% throughout the visible spectrum, with a tensile mechanochromic sensitivity (Delta lambda/Delta epsilon(max)) as high as -6.05 nm/%.
基于氧化锆/滑动环弹性体纳米复合材料的应变可调一维光子晶体用于机械色变传感 ACS 应用材料与界面，2015，7(6)：3641-3646。我们展示了在可见光范围内可调、弹性的有机/无机复合一维光子晶体（1DPCs）的制备和性能。通过控制高折射率金属氧化物纳米粒子/聚合物复合材料的组成，在填充和非填充聚合物层之间实现了 0.18 的折射率差异，同时保持所需的柔韧性和弹性。这种折射率对比是通过在滑动环弹性体基质中加载 70 wt %的氧化锆纳米粒子实现的，该基质由拓扑交联的多轮烷多醇组成。与纯聚合物系统相比，大的折射率对比使得反射率更高，同时所需层数更少。由于这些薄膜既柔韧又弹性，这些纳米复合 1DPCs 可以作为比色应变传感器。 我们通过施加超过 40%的应变来展示这些一维 PCs 的传感行为，导致可见光谱中从红色到蓝色的可见颜色变化。仅有 6 个周期的 1DPCs 在整个可见光谱中保持 40%的反射率，其拉伸机械色散灵敏度（Δλ/Δε(max)）高达-6.05 nm/%。

[1260] Magnetochromatic Thin-Film Microplates Advanced Materials, 2015, 27(1): 86-92. A new type of magnetochromatic material is developed based on thin-film interference of microplates self-assembled from super-paramagnetic nanocrystals. Dynamic optical tuning can be achieved through orientational manipulation of free-standing super-paramagnetic thin-film microplates using external magnetic fields.
[1260] 磁致变色薄膜微板 高级材料，2015，27(1)：86-92。基于自组装的超顺磁性纳米晶体的微板薄膜干涉，开发了一种新型磁致变色材料。通过外部磁场对自由悬浮的超顺磁性薄膜微板的取向操纵，可以实现动态光学调谐。

[1261] The Mechanism of Color Change in the Neon Tetra Fish: A Light-Induced Tunable Photonic Crystal Array Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 2015, 54(42): 12426-12430. The fresh water fish neon tetra has the ability to change the structural color of its lateral stripe in response to a change in the light conditions, from blue-green in the light-adapted state to indigo in the dark-adapted state. The colors are produced by constructive interference of light reflected from stacks of intracellular guanine crystals, forming tunable photonic crystal arrays. We have used micro X-ray diffraction to track in time distinct diffraction spots corresponding to individual crystal arrays within a single cell during the color change. We demonstrate that reversible variations in crystal tilt within individual arrays are responsible for the light-induced color variations. These results settle a long-standing debate between the two proposed models, the "Venetian blinds" model and the "accordion" model. The insight gained from this biogenic light-induced photonic tunable system may provide inspiration for the design of artificial optical tunable systems.
[1261] 钠蓝鱼颜色变化机制：光诱导可调谐光子晶体阵列 Angewandte Chemie-International Edition，2015，54（42）：12426-12430。淡水鱼钠蓝鱼能够根据光照条件的变化改变其侧条纹的结构色，从光适应状态下的蓝绿色变为暗适应状态下的靛蓝色。这些颜色是通过细胞内鸟嘌呤晶体堆叠反射的光的相长干涉产生的，形成可调谐光子晶体阵列。我们利用微 X 射线衍射追踪了在颜色变化过程中单个细胞内对应于单个晶体阵列的特定衍射斑点的变化。我们证明，单个阵列中晶体倾斜的可逆变化是光诱导颜色变化的原因。这些结果解决了关于“百叶窗”模型和“手风琴”模型之间长期存在的争论。从这种生物发光光诱导可调谐系统中获得的见解可能为人工光学可调谐系统的设计提供灵感。

[1262] Structural Basis for the Brilliant Colors of the Sapphirinid Copepods Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2015, 137(26): 8408-8411. Males of sapphirinid copepods use regularly alternating layers of hexagonal-shaped guanine crystals and cytoplasm to produce spectacular structural colors. In order to understand the mechanism by which the different colors are produced, we measured the reflectance of live individuals and then characterized the organization of the crystals and the cytoplasm layers in the same individuals using cryo-SEM. On the basis of these measurements, we calculated the expected reflectance spectra and found that they are strikingly similar to the measured ones. We show that variations in the cytoplasm layer thickness are mainly responsible for the different reflected colors and also that the copepod color strongly depends on the angular orientation relative to the incident light, which can account for its appearance and disappearance during spiral swimming in the natural habitat.
[1262] 蓝鳚甲壳类生物绚丽色彩的分子基础 美国化学学会志，2015，137(26)：8408-8411。蓝鳚甲壳类雄性生物利用交替排列的六角形鸟嘌呤晶体和细胞质层来产生壮观的分子色彩。为了理解不同颜色产生的机制，我们测量了活体个体的反射率，并使用冷冻扫描电子显微镜（cryo-SEM）对同一个体的晶体和细胞质层组织进行了表征。基于这些测量，我们计算了预期的反射光谱，发现它们与测量的光谱惊人地相似。我们表明，细胞质层厚度的变化主要导致不同反射颜色的产生，并且 copepod 的颜色强烈依赖于与入射光的相对角度，这可以解释其在自然栖息地螺旋游泳时的出现和消失。

[1263] Ph-Stimulated DNA Hydrogels Exhibiting Shape-Memory Properties Advanced Materials, 2015, 27(1): 73-78.
[1263] 具有形状记忆性能的磷酸盐刺激 DNA 水凝胶 高分子材料科学，2015，27(1)：73-78。

[1264] The Vibration Monitoring Methods and Signal Processing Techniques for Structural Health Monitoring: A Review Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, 2015, 23(4): 585-594.
结构健康监测中的振动监测方法和信号处理技术综述：文献回顾，计算工程方法档案，2015，23(4)：585-594。

[1265] Light-Responsive Iron(Iii)-Polysaccharide Coordination Hydrogels for Controlled Delivery ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2015, 7(5): 3068-3076. Visible-light responsive gels were prepared from two plant-origin polyuronic acids (PUAs), alginate and pectate, coordinated to Fe(III) ions. Comparative quantitative studies of the photochemistry of these systems revealed unexpected differences in the photoreactivity of the materials, depending on the polysaccharide and its composition. The roles that different functional groups play on the photochemistry of these biomolecules were also examined. Mannuronic-rich alginates were more photoreactive than guluronic acid-rich alginate and than pectate. The microstructure of alginates with different mannuronate-to-guluronate ratios changed with polysaccharide composition. This influenced the gel morphology and the photoreactivity. Coordination hydrogel beads were prepared from both Fe-alginate and Fe-pectate. The beads were stable carriers of molecules as diverse as the dye Congo Red, the vitamin folic acid, and the antibiotic chloramphenicol. The photoreactivity of the hydrogel beads mirrored the photoreactivity of the polysaccharides in solution, where beads prepared with alginate released their cargo faster than beads prepared with pectate. These results indicate important structure-function relationships in these systems and create guidelines for the design of biocompatible polysaccharide-based materials where photoreactivity and controlled release can be tuned on the basis of the type of polysaccharide used and the metal coordination environment.
[1265] 光响应型铁(III)多糖配位水凝胶用于控制释放 ACS 应用材料与界面，2015，7(5)：3068-3076。从两种植物来源的多尿糖酸（PUAs），即藻酸盐和果胶酸，与 Fe(III)离子配位制备了可见光响应凝胶。对这些系统的光化学的对比定量研究表明，这些材料的光反应性取决于多糖及其组成，出现了意想不到的差异。还考察了不同官能团在这些生物分子的光化学中的作用。富含甘露酸的藻酸盐比富含古罗酸的藻酸盐和果胶酸具有更高的光反应性。不同甘露酸与古罗酸比率的藻酸盐的微观结构随多糖组成而变化。这影响了凝胶形态和光反应性。从 Fe-藻酸盐和 Fe-果胶酸制备了配位水凝胶珠。这些珠子是各种分子的稳定载体，如染料刚果红、维生素叶酸和抗生素氯霉素。 水凝胶珠的光敏性与其溶液中多糖的光敏性相一致，其中用藻酸盐制备的珠子释放其载体的速度比用果胶制备的珠子快。这些结果表明了这些系统中的重要结构-功能关系，并为设计生物相容性多糖基材料提供了指导，这些材料的光敏性和可控释放可以根据所使用的多糖类型和金属配位环境进行调节。

[1266] Photopatterning the Mechanical Properties of Polysaccharide-Containing Gels Using Fe Coordination Chemistry of Materials, 2015, 27(14): 4922-4925.
[1266] 利用材料的 Fe 配位化学对含多糖凝胶进行光刻，2015，27(14)：4922-4925。

[1267] Konjac Glucomannan/Graphene Oxide Hydrogel with Enhanced Dyes Adsorption Capability for Methyl Blue and Methyl Orange Applied Surface Science, 2015, 357: 866-872. the present study, the graphene oxide (GO) filled konjac glucomannan (KGM) hydrogel was prepared by using calcium oxide as the crosslinker. The structure of the prepared KGM/GO hydrogel was characterized. The prepared hydrogel was then used to adsorb methyl orange (MO) and methyl blue (MB) in aqueous solutions. Due to the presence of GO, KGM/GO hydrogel showed much enhanced adsorbing performance to both MO and MB compared to neat KGM hydrogel. The adsorption kinetics of the hydrogel was studied. The prepared hydrogel fitted for the pseudo-second-order kinetics model better. The adsorption isotherm of the MO and MB onto KGM/GO hydrogel was also studied and the results suggested that the both MO and MB adsorption behaviors fitted for the Freundlich isotherm model better. The prepared KGM/GO has application potentials to be as the adsorbent for water purifications. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
[1267] 具有增强染料吸附能力的魔芋甘露聚糖/氧化石墨烯水凝胶用于甲基橙和甲基蓝的表面科学应用，2015，357：866-872。本研究中，通过使用氧化钙作为交联剂制备了氧化石墨烯（GO）填充的魔芋甘露聚糖（KGM）水凝胶。对制备的 KGM/GO 水凝胶的结构进行了表征。然后将制备的水凝胶用于吸附水溶液中的甲基橙（MO）和甲基蓝（MB）。由于存在 GO，与纯 KGM 水凝胶相比，KGM/GO 水凝胶对 MO 和 MB 的吸附性能显著增强。研究了水凝胶的吸附动力学。制备的水凝胶更适合伪二级动力学模型。还研究了 MO 和 MB 在 KGM/GO 水凝胶上的吸附等温线，结果表明，MO 和 MB 的吸附行为更适合 Freundlich 等温线模型。制备的 KGM/GO 具有作为水净化吸附剂的应用潜力。（C）2015 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[1268] Flexible High-Energy Polymer-Electrolyte-Based Rechargeable Zinc-Air Batteries Advanced Materials, 2015, 27(37): 5617-5622. A thin-film, flexible, and rechargeable zinc-air battery having high energy density is reported particularly for emerging portable and wearable electronic applications. This freeform battery design is the first demonstrated by sandwiching a porous-gelled polymer electrolyte with a freestanding zinc film and a bifunctional catalytic electrode film. The flexibility of both the electrode films and polymer electrolyte membrane gives great freedom in tailoring the battery geometry and performance.
[1268] 基于柔性聚合物电解质的可充电锌空气电池：一种具有高能量密度的薄膜、柔性可充电锌空气电池被报道，特别适用于新兴的便携式和可穿戴电子应用。这种自由形状的电池设计是首次通过将多孔凝胶聚合物电解质与独立锌膜和双功能催化电极膜夹层来实现。电极膜和聚合物电解质膜的柔性为定制电池几何形状和性能提供了极大的自由度。

[1269] Direct Writing of Three-Dimensional Macroporous Photonic Crystals on Pressure-Responsive Shape Memory Polymers ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2015, 7(42): 23650-23659. Here we report a single-step direct writing technology for making three-dimensional (3D) macroporous photonic crystal patterns on a new type of pressure-responsive shape memory polymer (SMP). This approach integrates two disparate fields that do not typically intersect: the well-established templating nanofabrication and shape memory materials. Periodic arrays of polymer macropores templated from self-assembled colloidal crystals are squeezed into disordered arrays in an unusual shape memory "cold" programming process. The recovery of the original macroporous photonic crystal lattices can be triggered by direct writing at ambient conditions using both macroscopic and nanoscopic tools, like a pencil or a nanoindenter. Interestingly, this shape memory disorder order transition is reversible and the photonic crystal patterns can be erased and regenerated hundreds of times, promising the making of reconfigurable/rewritable nanooptical devices. Quantitative insights into the shape memory recovery of collapsed macropores induced by the lateral shear stresses in direct writing are gained through fundamental investigations on important process parameters, including the tip material, the critical pressure and writing speed for triggering the recovery of the deformed macropores, and the minimal feature size that can be directly written on the SMP membranes. Besides straightforward applications in photonic crystal devices, these smart mechanochromic SMPs that are sensitive to various mechanical stresses could render important technological applications ranging from chromogenic stress and impact sensors to rewritable high-density optical data storage media.
[1269] 基于压力响应性形状记忆聚合物在三维大孔光子晶体上的直接写入技术 ACS 应用材料与界面，2015，7(42)：23650-23659。本文报道了一种单步直接写入技术，用于在新型压力响应性形状记忆聚合物（SMP）上制造三维（3D）大孔光子晶体图案。这种方法将两个通常不交叉的领域结合起来：成熟的模板纳米加工和形状记忆材料。从自组装胶体晶体模板得到的聚合物大孔阵列在一种不寻常的形状记忆“冷”编程过程中被挤压成无序阵列。通过在环境条件下使用宏观和纳米工具（如铅笔或纳米压痕仪）直接写入，可以触发原始大孔光子晶体晶格的恢复。有趣的是，这种形状记忆无序-有序相变是可逆的，光子晶体图案可以被擦除并再生数百次，这为可重构/可重写纳米光学器件的制造提供了可能性。 通过研究关键工艺参数，包括触发变形大孔恢复的尖端材料、临界压力和书写速度，以及可以直接书写在 SMP 膜上的最小特征尺寸，对直接写入过程中由横向剪切应力引起的坍塌大孔的形状记忆恢复进行了定量分析。除了在光子晶体器件中的直接应用外，这些对各种机械应力敏感的智能机械色变 SMPs，还可能带来从显色应力传感器和冲击传感器到可重写高密度光数据存储介质等重要的技术应用。

[1270] Reconfigurable Photonic Crystals Enabled by Pressure-Responsive Shape-Memory Polymers Nature Communications, 2015, 6(1): 7416. Smart shape-memory polymers can memorize and recover their permanent shape in response to an external stimulus (for example, heat). They have been extensively exploited for a wide spectrum of applications ranging from biomedical devices to aerospace morphing structures. However, most of the existing shape-memory polymers are thermoresponsive and their performance is hindered by heat-demanding programming and recovery steps. Although pressure is an easily adjustable process variable such as temperature, pressure-responsive shape-memory polymers are largely unexplored. Here we report a series of shape-memory polymers that enable unusual 'cold' programming and instantaneous shape recovery triggered by applying a contact pressure at ambient conditions. Moreover, the interdisciplinary integration of scientific principles drawn from two disparate fields-the fast-growing photonic crystal and shape-memory polymer technologies-enables fabrication of reconfigurable photonic crystals and simultaneously provides a simple and sensitive optical technique for investigating the intriguing shape-memory effects at nanoscale.
[1270] 基于压力响应形状记忆聚合物的可重构光子晶体 Nature Communications，2015，6(1)：7416。智能形状记忆聚合物能够在外部刺激（例如，热量）的作用下记住并恢复其永久形状。它们已被广泛应用于从生物医学设备到航空航天变形结构的广泛领域。然而，大多数现有的形状记忆聚合物是热响应性的，其性能受到热量需求编程和恢复步骤的限制。尽管压力是一个易于调整的过程变量，如温度，但压力响应形状记忆聚合物在很大程度上尚未被探索。在此，我们报道了一系列形状记忆聚合物，它们能够在环境条件下通过施加接触压力实现异常的“冷”编程和即时形状恢复。 此外，从两个截然不同的领域——快速发展的光子晶体和形状记忆聚合物技术——中提取的科学原理的跨学科整合，使得可重构光子晶体的制造成为可能，同时提供了一种简单而灵敏的光学技术，用于研究纳米尺度下引人入胜的形状记忆效应。

[1271] Reconfigurable Photonic Crystals Enabled by Pressure-Responsive Shape-Memory Polymers Nature Communications, 2015, 6(1): 7416-7423. Smart shape-memory polymers can memorize and recover their permanent shape in response to an external stimulus (for example, heat). They have been extensively exploited for a wide spectrum of applications ranging from biomedical devices to aerospace morphing structures. However, most of the existing shape-memory polymers are thermoresponsive and their performance is hindered by heat-demanding programming and recovery steps. Although pressure is an easily adjustable process variable such as temperature, pressure-responsive shape-memory polymers are largely unexplored. Here we report a series of shape-memory polymers that enable unusual 'cold' programming and instantaneous shape recovery triggered by applying a contact pressure at ambient conditions. Moreover, the interdisciplinary integration of scientific principles drawn from two disparate fields-the fast-growing photonic crystal and shape-memory polymer technologies-enables fabrication of reconfigurable photonic crystals and simultaneously provides a simple and sensitive optical technique for investigating the intriguing shape-memory effects at nanoscale.
[1271] 基于压力响应形状记忆聚合物的可重构光子晶体 Nature Communications，2015，6（1）：7416-7423。智能形状记忆聚合物能够在外部刺激（例如，热量）下记忆并恢复其永久形状。它们已被广泛应用于从生物医学设备到航空航天变形结构的广泛领域。然而，大多数现有的形状记忆聚合物是热响应性的，其性能受到热量需求编程和恢复步骤的限制。尽管压力是一个易于调整的过程变量，如温度，但压力响应形状记忆聚合物在很大程度上尚未被探索。在此，我们报道了一系列形状记忆聚合物，它们能够在环境条件下通过施加接触压力实现异常的“冷”编程和即时形状恢复。 此外，将来自两个截然不同的领域——快速发展的光子晶体和形状记忆聚合物技术——的科学原理进行跨学科整合，使得可重构光子晶体的制造成为可能，同时为研究纳米尺度上引人入胜的形状记忆效应提供了一种简单而灵敏的光学技术。

[1272] Chromogenic Photonic Crystals Enabled by Novel Vapor‐Responsive Shape‐Memory Polymers Advanced Materials, 2015, 27(24): 3696-3704.
[1272] 基于新型气敏形状记忆聚合物的着色光子晶体，《先进材料》，2015，27(24)：3696-3704。

[1273] Optically Bistable Macroporous Photonic Crystals Enabled by Thermoresponsive Shape Memory Polymers Advanced Optical Materials, 2015, 3(11): 1509-1516.
[1273] 基于热敏形状记忆聚合物的光致双稳态大孔光子晶体，《先进光学材料》，2015，3(11)：1509-1516。

[1274] Removable Interpenetrating Network Enables Highly-Responsive 2-D Photonic Crystal Hydrogel Sensors Analyst, 2015, 140(19): 6517-6521. Responsive hydrogels functionalized with molecular recognition agents can undergo large volume changes upon interactions with specific chemical species. These responsive hydrogels can function as chemical sensing materials if the hydrogel volumes are monitored by using devices such as photonic crystals (PhC). An important criterion of merit is the responsiveness of these sensing hydrogels. Generally, hydrogel responsiveness is inversely proportional to the hydrogel crosslink density because the elastic constants scale with the crosslink density. The responsivities of these hydrogel sensors dramatically increase as their hydrogel crosslinker concentrations decrease. Unfortunately, the resulting highly responsive hydrogels become fragile at low crosslink densities, and are hard to fabricate and utilize. To temporarily increase the mechanical strengths of these highly responsive hydrogels we developed a method to incorporate a removable reinforcing interpenetrating hydrogel network. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by incorporating an interpenetrating PVA hydrogel within a weak, low crosslinked pH sensitive hydrogel through a freeze-thaw process. These interpenetrating PVA hydrogels are indefinitely stable at room temperature, but easily dissolved on transient heating to 70 degrees C. The pH sensing hydrogel response is unaffected by this incorporation and subsequent dissolution of the interpenetrating PVA hydrogel. These sacrificial hydrogels enable the fabrication and utilization of highly responsive hydrogel sensing materials.
可移除的互穿网络实现高度响应的二维光子晶体水凝胶传感器 分析员，2015，140(19)：6517-6521。具有分子识别剂的响应性水凝胶在与特定化学物质相互作用时可以发生大的体积变化。这些响应性水凝胶可以作为化学传感材料，如果使用光子晶体（PhC）等设备监测水凝胶的体积。这些传感水凝胶的一个重要性能指标是其响应性。通常，水凝胶的响应性与水凝胶交联密度成反比，因为弹性常数与交联密度成比例。随着水凝胶交联剂浓度的降低，这些水凝胶传感器的响应性显著增加。不幸的是，在低交联密度下，这些高度响应的水凝胶变得脆弱，难以制造和使用。为了暂时提高这些高度响应水凝胶的机械强度，我们开发了一种方法，通过引入可移除的增强互穿水凝胶网络来实现。 我们通过冻融过程将互穿 PVA 水凝胶嵌入到弱、低交联的 pH 敏感水凝胶中，以此证明了该方法的实用性。这些互穿 PVA 水凝胶在室温下无限期稳定，但在短暂加热至 70 摄氏度时容易溶解。pH 传感水凝胶对这种嵌入和互穿 PVA 水凝胶的溶解没有影响。这些牺牲水凝胶能够实现高度响应性水凝胶传感材料的制造和应用。

[1275] Step-Index Optical Fiber Made of Biocompatible Hydrogels Advanced Materials, 2015, 27(27): 4081-4086. A biocompatible step-index optical fiber made of poly(ethylene glycol) and alginate hydrogels is demonstrated. The fabricated fiber exhibits excellent light-guiding efficiency in biological tissues. Moreover, the core of hydrogel fibers can be easily doped with functional molecules and nanoparticles for localized light emission, sensing, and therapy.
[1275] 由生物相容性水凝胶制成的阶跃指数光纤，《先进材料》，2015，27(27)：4081-4086。展示了由聚乙二醇和海藻酸盐水凝胶制成的生物相容性阶跃指数光纤。所制备的光纤在生物组织中表现出优异的光导效率。此外，水凝胶光纤的芯部可以轻松掺杂功能性分子和纳米颗粒，以实现局部光发射、传感和治疗。

[1276] Choi B, Kollias N, Zeng H, et al. Photonic Monitoring of Chitosan Nanostructured Alginate Microcapsules for Drug Release[C]. Photonic Therapeutics and Diagnostics XI, 2015. [1277] Elastoplastic Inverse Opals as Power-Free Mechanochromic Sensors for Force Recording Advanced Functional Materials, 2015, 25(38): 6041-6049. Light-weight, power-free mechanochromic sensors that can change and record the reflective color depending on the magnitude and rate of the applied force are fabricated from inverse opals by infiltrating the colloidal crystals of silica particles with uncrosslinked SU-8, followed by removal of the colloidal templates. The mechanical sensing range of the materials is high, 17.6-20.4 MPa. Due to elastoplastic deformation of the SU-8 films, the deformed structures and thus colors can be locked after the removal of the load, therefore establishing a quantitative relationship between the mechanical force and optical responses. In comparison, mechanochromic photonic gels reported in the literature typically detect force in the range of 10-100 kPa; once the load is removed, the structure and color return back to the original ones. The mechanochromic sensors are highly sensitive: the ratio of shift in the stopband wavelength to the change in applied strain is up to 5.7 nm per percent, the highest among literature. Comparison of finite element simulations with experiments confirms the elastoplastic deformation of the films and highlights that reconfiguration of pore shape under compression plays a key role in the mechanochromic response.
[1276] 崔 B，科利亚斯 N，曾 H，等. 光子监测壳聚糖纳米结构藻酸盐微胶囊用于药物释放[C]. 光子治疗与诊断 XII，2015. [1277] 弹塑性逆光学宝石作为无电源机械色变传感器用于力记录，先进功能材料，2015，25(38)：6041-6049。通过将未交联的 SU-8 浸入二氧化硅颗粒的胶体晶体中，然后去除胶体模板，从逆光学宝石中制造出可改变并记录反射颜色，取决于施加力的强度和速率的无电源机械色变传感器。这些传感器的机械传感范围很高，为 17.6-20.4 MPa。由于 SU-8 薄膜的弹塑性变形，在去除负载后，变形结构和颜色可以锁定，因此建立了机械力和光学响应之间的定量关系。相比之下，文献中报道的机械色变光子凝胶通常检测 10-100 kPa 范围内的力；一旦去除负载，结构和颜色就会恢复到原始状态。 机械色传感器灵敏度极高：阻带波长变化与施加应变变化的比率高达每百分比 5.7 纳米，在文献中是最高的。有限元模拟与实验的比较证实了薄膜的弹塑性变形，并突出了在压缩下孔隙形状的重构在机械色响应中起着关键作用。

[1278] A Novel Design Strategy for Fully Physically Linked Double Network Hydrogels with Tough, Fatigue Resistant, and Self-Healing Properties Advanced Functional Materials, 2015, 25(10): 1598-1607. Double network (DN) hydrogels with two strong asymmetric networks being chemically linked have demonstrated their excellent mechanical properties as the toughest hydrogels, but chemically linked DN gels often exhibit negligible fatigue resistance and poor self-healing property due to the irreversible chain breaks in covalent-linked networks. Here, a new design strategy is proposed and demonstrated to improve both fatigue resistance and self-healing property of DN gels by introducing a ductile, nonsoft gel with strong hydrophobic interactions as the second network. Based on this design strategy, a new type of fully physically cross-linked Agar/hydrophobically associated polyacrylamide (HPAAm) DN gels are synthesized by a simple one-pot method. Agar/HPAAm DN gels exhibit excellent mechanical strength and high toughness, comparable to the reported DN gels. More importantly, because the ductile and tough second network of HPAAm can bear stress and reconstruct network structure, Agar/HPAAm DN gels also demonstrate rapid self-recovery, remarkable fatigue resistance, and notable self-healing property without any external stimuli at room temperature. In contrast to the former DN gels in both network structures and underlying association forces, this new design strategy to prepare highly mechanical DN gels provides a new avenue to better understand the fundamental structure-property relationship of DN hydrogels, thus broadening current hydrogel research and applications.
[1278] 一种具有高强度、耐疲劳和自修复性能的全新物理交联双网络水凝胶设计策略 高性能材料，2015，25(10)：1598-1607。具有两个强非对称网络通过化学键连接的双网络（DN）水凝胶已显示出其作为最坚韧水凝胶的优异力学性能，但化学键合的 DN 水凝胶通常由于共价键合网络中的不可逆链断裂而表现出可忽略的疲劳抵抗性和较差的自修复性能。在此，提出并展示了一种新的设计策略，通过引入具有强亲水性的第二网络（韧性非软凝胶）来提高 DN 水凝胶的疲劳抵抗性和自修复性能。基于此设计策略，通过简单的一锅法合成了新型完全物理交联的琼脂/亲水聚丙烯酰胺（HPAAm）DN 水凝胶。琼脂/HPAAm DN 水凝胶表现出优异的力学强度和高韧性，与报道的 DN 水凝胶相当。 更重要的是，由于 HPAAm 的韧性和耐久性第二网络能够承受应力和重构网络结构，Agar/HPAAm DN 凝胶在室温下也表现出快速自修复、显著的抗疲劳性和明显的自修复性能，无需任何外部刺激。与之前 DN 凝胶的网络结构和基础关联力相比，这种制备高机械性能 DN 凝胶的新设计策略为更好地理解 DN 水凝胶的基本结构-性能关系提供了新的途径，从而拓宽了当前水凝胶的研究和应用。

[1279] Photonic Crystals with a Reversibly Inducible and Erasable Defect State Using External Stimuli Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 2015, 54(32): 9257-9261. The controlled introduction of artificial extrinsic defects is critical to achieve the functions of photonic crystals. Smart defects capable of responding to external stimuli lead to more advanced applications. Here we report a microgel colloidal crystal with a defect state which could be induced and erased reversibly by external stimuli. The crystal was assembled from PNIPAM microgel and P(NIPAM-AAc) microgel of the same size. The resulting doped crystal does not exhibit a defect state in its stop band because of the similar optical properties of the dopant and the host. By increasing the pH value, however, the dopant P(NIPAM-AAc) spheres swell to a larger size and turn into real defects in the crystal, resulting in the appearance of defect state. Adjusting the pH value back restores the size of the dopant spheres, and thus erases the defect state. Temperature, a second external stimulus, could also be used to induce and erase defect states of the crystal.
[1279] 利用外部刺激实现可逆诱导和擦除缺陷状态的 Photonic 晶体 Angewandte Chemie-International Edition，2015，54(32)：9257-9261。通过控制引入人工外延缺陷对于实现光子晶体的功能至关重要。能够对外部刺激做出响应的智能缺陷导致更高级的应用。在此，我们报道了一种微凝胶胶体晶体，其缺陷状态可以通过外部刺激可逆地诱导和擦除。该晶体由相同尺寸的 PNIPAM 微凝胶和 P(NIPAM-AAc)微凝胶组装而成。由于掺杂剂和宿主的光学性质相似，掺杂晶体在其截止带中不表现出缺陷状态。然而，通过增加 pH 值，掺杂剂 P(NIPAM-AAc)球体膨胀到更大的尺寸，并在晶体中形成真正的缺陷，从而出现缺陷状态。调整 pH 值恢复掺杂剂球体的尺寸，从而擦除缺陷状态。温度，第二种外部刺激，也可以用来诱导和擦除晶体的缺陷状态。

[1280] Bioinspired Photonic Structures by the Reflector Layer of Firefly Lantern for Highly Efficient Chemiluminescence Scientific Reports, 2015, 5: 12965. Fireflies have drawn considerable attention for thousands of years due to their highly efficient bioluminescence, which is important for fundamental research and photonic applications. However, there are few reports on the reflector layer (RL) of firefly lantern, which contributes to the bright luminescence. Here we presented the detailed microstructure of the RL consisting of random hollow granules, which had high reflectance in the range from 450 nm to 800 nm. Inspired by the firefly lantern, artificial films with high reflectance in the visible region were fabricated using hollow silica microparticles mimicking the structure of the RL. Additionally, the bioinspired structures provided an efficient RL for the chemiluminescence system and could substantially enhance the initial chemiluminescence intensity. The work not only provides new insight into the bright bioluminescence of fireflies, but also is importance for the design of photonic materials for theranostics, detection, and imaging.
基于萤火虫灯笼反射层的光学结构：高效化学发光的科学报告，2015，5：12965。萤火虫因其高效的生物发光而数千年来一直受到广泛关注，这对于基础研究和光子应用具有重要意义。然而，关于萤火虫灯笼的反射层（RL）的报道很少，而反射层对明亮的发光有贡献。在这里，我们展示了由随机空心颗粒组成的 RL 的详细微观结构，该结构在 450 nm 至 800 nm 范围内具有高反射率。受萤火虫灯笼的启发，使用模仿 RL 结构的空心二氧化硅微粒子制备了在可见光区域具有高反射率的人工薄膜。此外，生物启发结构为化学发光系统提供了高效的 RL，并可以显著增强初始化学发光强度。这项工作不仅为萤火虫的明亮生物发光提供了新的见解，而且对于光子材料在治疗诊断、检测和成像设计中的重要性。

[1281] Adsorption of Cu(Ii) Ion from Aqueous Solutions on Hydrogel Prepared from Konjac Glucomannan Polymer Bulletin (Berlin), 2015, 73(7): 1965-1984.
[1281] 从水溶液中吸附 Cu(Ii)离子在由葛根甘露聚糖聚合物制备的凝胶上的研究通报（柏林），2015，73(7)：1965-1984。

[1282] Non-Enzymatic Assay for Glucose by Using Immobilized Whole-Cells Of . Containing Glucose Binding Protein Fused to Fluorescent Proteins Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical, 2015, 221: 236-241. Glucose monitoring in vivo is a crucial issue for gaining new understanding of diabetes. Glucose binding protein (GBP) fused to two fluorescent indicator proteins (FLIP) was used in the present study such as FLIP-glu- 3.2 mM. Recombinant Escherichia coli whole-cells containing genetically encoded nanosensors as well as cell-free extracts were immobilized either on inner epidermis of onion bulb scale or on 96-well microtiter plates in the presence of glutaraldehyde. Glucose monitoring was carried out by Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) analysis due the cyano and yellow fluorescent proteins (ECFP and EYFP) immobilized in both these supports. The recovery of these immobilized FLIP nanosensors compared with the free whole-cells and cell-free extract was in the range of 50-90%. Moreover, the data revealed that these FLIP nanosensors can be immobilized in such solid supports with retention of their biological activity. Glucose assay was devised by FRET analysis by using these nanosensors in real samples which detected glucose in the linear range of 0-24 mM with a limit of detection of 0.11 mM glucose. On the other hand, storage and operational stability studies revealed that they are very stable and can be re-used several times (i.e. at least 20 times) without any significant loss of FRET signal. To author's knowledge, this is the first report on the use of such immobilization supports for whole-cells and cell-free extract containing FLIP nanosensor for glucose assay. On the other hand, this is a novel and cheap high throughput method for glucose assay. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
[1282] 利用固定化全细胞进行葡萄糖非酶法测定，细胞中含有与荧光蛋白传感器融合的葡萄糖结合蛋白。传感器与执行器 B-化学，2015，221：236-241。体内葡萄糖监测对于深入了解糖尿病至关重要。本研究使用了与两种荧光指示蛋白（FLIP）融合的葡萄糖结合蛋白（GBP），如 FLIP-glu-3.2 mM。重组大肠杆菌全细胞，其中含有遗传编码的纳米传感器以及无细胞提取物，在存在戊二醛的情况下固定在洋葱鳞片叶内表皮或 96 孔微孔板。通过 Förster 共振能量转移（FRET）分析进行葡萄糖监测，因为在这两种支持物中固定了氰基和黄色荧光蛋白（ECFP 和 EYFP）。与游离全细胞和无细胞提取物相比，这些固定化 FLIP 纳米传感器的回收率在 50-90%之间。此外，数据表明，这些 FLIP 纳米传感器可以固定在这样的固体支持物上，同时保留其生物活性。 葡萄糖测定是通过使用这些纳米传感器在真实样品中进行 FRET 分析设计的，这些传感器在 0-24 mM 的线性范围内检测葡萄糖，检测限为 0.11 mM 葡萄糖。另一方面，储存和操作稳定性研究表明，它们非常稳定，可以重复使用多次（即至少 20 次）而不会出现任何明显的 FRET 信号损失。据作者所知，这是首次报告使用这种固定化支持物进行全细胞和细胞外提取含有 FLIP 纳米传感器的葡萄糖测定的应用。另一方面，这是一种新颖且经济高效的葡萄糖测定高通量方法。（C）2015 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[1283] A Photonic Crystal Protein Hydrogel Sensor For Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 2015, 54(44): 13036-13040. We report two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal (PC) sensing materials that selectively detect Candida albicans (C.albicans). These sensors utilize ConcanavalinA (ConA) protein hydrogels with a 2D PC embedded on the ConA protein hydrogel surface, that multivalently and selectively bind to mannan on the C.albicans cell surface to form crosslinks. The resulting crosslinks shrink the ConA protein hydrogel, reduce the 2D PC particle spacing, and blue-shift the light diffracted from the PC. The diffraction shifts can be visually monitored, measured with a spectrometer, or determined from the Debye diffraction ring diameter. Our unoptimized hydrogel sensor has a detection limit of around 32CFU/mL for C.albicans. This sensor distinguishes between C.albicans and those microbes devoid of cell-surface mannan such as the gram-negative bacterium E.coli. This sensor provides a proof-of-concept for utilizing recognition between lectins and microbial cell surface carbohydrates to detect microorganisms in aqueous environments.
[1283] 用于《应用化学-国际版》2015 年第 54 卷第 44 期，13036-13040 页的光子晶体蛋白水凝胶传感器。我们报道了一种二维（2D）光子晶体（PC）传感材料，该材料可选择性检测白色念珠菌（C.albicans）。这些传感器利用了嵌入在 ConA 蛋白水凝胶表面的 2D 光子晶体，该晶体多价且选择性结合到 C.albicans 细胞表面的甘露聚糖上形成交联。形成的交联使 ConA 蛋白水凝胶收缩，减少 2D PC 粒子间距，并将来自 PC 的光衍射蓝移。衍射偏移可以直观监测，用光谱仪测量或从德拜衍射环直径确定。我们的未优化水凝胶传感器的检测限约为 32CFU/mL 对 C.albicans。该传感器可以区分 C.albicans 和那些细胞表面无甘露聚糖的微生物，如革兰氏阴性菌 E.coli。该传感器为利用凝集素与微生物细胞表面碳水化合物之间的识别来检测水生环境中的微生物提供了概念验证。

[1284] A Stencil Printed, High Energy Density Silver Oxide Battery Using a Novel Photopolymerizable Poly(Acrylic Acid) Separator Advanced Materials, 2015, 27(4): 689-694. A novel photopolymerized poly(acrylic acid) separator is demonstrated in a printed, high-energy-density silver oxide battery. The printed battery demonstrates a high capacity of 5.4 mA h cm(-2) at a discharge current density of 2.75 mA cm(-2) (C/2 rate) while delivering good mechanical flexibility and robustness.
[1284] 一种新型光聚合聚（丙烯酸）隔膜印刷的高能量密度银氧化物电池，先进材料，2015，27(4)：689-694。在一种印刷的高能量密度银氧化物电池中演示了一种新型光聚合聚（丙烯酸）隔膜。该印刷电池在 2.75 mA cm(-2)的放电电流密度下（C/2 速率）表现出 5.4 mA h cm(-2)的高容量，同时具有良好的机械柔韧性和强度。

[1285] Invertase-Nanogold Clusters Decorated Plant Membranes for Fluorescence-Based Sucrose Sensor Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 2015, 13: 30. In the present study, invertase-mediated nanogold clusters were synthesized on onion membranes, and their application for sucrose biosensor fabrication was investigated. Transmission electron microscopy revealed free nanoparticles of various sizes (diameter similar to 5 to 50 nm) along with clusters of nanogold (similar to 95 to 200 nm) on the surface of inner epidermal membranes of onions (Allium cepa L.). Most of the polydispersed nanoparticles were spherical, although some were square shaped, triangular, hexagonal or rod-shaped. Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometric observations showed the characteristic peak for nanoparticles decorated invertase-onion membrane at approximately 301 nm. When excited at 320 nm in the presence of sucrose, the membranes exhibited a photoemission peak at 348 nm. The fluorescence lifetime of this nanogold modified onion membrane was 6.20 ns, compared to 2.47 ns for invertase-onion membrane without nanogold. Therefore, a sucrose detection scheme comprised of an invertase/nanogold decorated onion membrane was successfully developed. This fluorescent nanogold-embedded onion membrane drop-test sensor exhibited wide acidic to neutral working pH range (4.0-7.0) with a response time 30 seconds (<1 min). The fabricated quenching-based probe had a low detection limit (2x10(-9) M) with a linear dynamic range of 2.25x10(-9) to 4.25x10(-8) M for sensing sucrose. A microplate designed with an enzyme-nanomaterial-based sensor platform exhibited a high compliance, with acceptable percentage error for the detection of sucrose in green tea samples in comparison to a traditional method. With some further, modifications, this fabricated enzyme-nanogold onion membrane sensor probe could be used to estimate glucose concentrations for a variety of analytical samples.
[1285] 葱膜上修饰的转化酶-纳米金簇用于荧光基蔗糖传感器，《纳米生物技术杂志》，2015，13：30。在本研究中，通过转化酶介导合成了洋葱膜上的纳米金簇，并探讨了其在蔗糖生物传感器制备中的应用。透射电子显微镜揭示了洋葱内表皮膜表面存在各种尺寸的游离纳米颗粒（直径约 5 至 50 nm）以及纳米金簇（约 95 至 200 nm）。大多数多分散纳米颗粒呈球形，尽管有些呈方形、三角形、六边形或棒状。紫外-可见分光光度法观察到修饰转化酶洋葱膜的特有峰位于约 301 nm。在蔗糖存在下，激发波长为 320 nm 时，膜表现出在 348 nm 处的光发射峰。与未修饰纳米金的转化酶洋葱膜相比，这种纳米金修饰洋葱膜的荧光寿命为 6.20 ns。 因此，一种由转化酶/纳米金装饰的大蒜膜组成的蔗糖检测方案成功开发。这种荧光纳米金嵌入的大蒜膜滴试传感器表现出广泛的酸性至中性工作 pH 范围（4.0-7.0），响应时间为 30 秒（<1 分钟）。所制备的基于淬灭的探针具有低检测限（2x10(-9) M），对于检测蔗糖具有 2.25x10(-9)到 4.25x10(-8) M 的线性动态范围。采用酶-纳米材料传感器平台设计的微板，与传统的检测方法相比，在检测绿茶样品中的蔗糖时表现出高合规性和可接受的百分比误差。经过一些进一步的改进，这种制备的酶-纳米金大蒜膜传感器探针可用于估计各种分析样品中的葡萄糖浓度。

[1286] Spherical Colloidal Photonic Crystals Accounts of Chemical Research, 2014, 47(12): 3632-3642. Colloidal photonic crystals (PhCs), periodically arranged monodisperse nanoparticles, have emerged as one of the most promising materials for light manipulation because of their photonic band gaps (PBGs), which affect photons in a manner similar to the effect of semiconductor energy band gaps on electrons. The PBGs arise due to the periodic modulation of the refractive index between the building nanoparticles and the surrounding medium in space with subwavelength period. This leads to light with certain wavelengths or frequencies located in the PBG being prohibited from propagating. Because of this special property, the fabrication and application of colloidal PhCs have attracted increasing interest from researchers. The most simple and economical method for fabrication of colloidal PhCs is the bottom-up approach of nanoparticle self-assembly. Common colloidal PhCs from this approach in nature are gem opals, which are made from the ordered assembly and deposition of spherical silica nanoparticles after years of siliceous sedimentation and compression. Besides naturally occurring opals, a variety of manmade colloidal PhCs with thin film or bulk morphology have also been developed. In principle, because of the effect of Bragg diffraction, these PhC materials show different structural colors when observed from different angles, resulting in brilliant colors and important applications. However, this angle dependence is disadvantageous for the construction of some optical materials and devices in which wide viewing angles are desired. Recently, a series of colloidal PhC materials with spherical macroscopic morphology have been created. Because of their spherical symmetry, the PBGs of spherical colloidal PhCs are independent of rotation under illumination of the surface at a fixed incident angle of the light, broadening the perspective of their applications. Based on droplet templates containing colloidal nanoparticles, these spherical colloidal PhCs can be generated by evaporation-induced nanoparticle crystallization or polymerization of ordered nanoparticle crystallization arrays. In particular, because microfluidics was used for the generation of the droplet templates, the development of spherical colloidal PhCs has progressed significantly. These new strategies not only ensure monodispersity, but also increase the structural and functional diversity of the PhC beads, paving the way for the development of advanced optoelectronic devices. In this Account, we present the research progress on spherical colloidal PhCs, including their design, preparation, and potential applications. We outline various types of spherical colloidal PhCs, such as close-packed, non-close-packed, inverse opal, biphasic or multiphasic Janus structured, and coreshell structured geometries. Based on their unique optical properties, applications of the spherical colloidal PhCs for displays, sensors, barcodes, and cell culture microcarriers are presented. Future developments of the spherical colloidal PhC materials are also envisioned.
[1286] 球形胶体光子晶体 化学研究杂志，2014，47(12)：3632-3642。胶体光子晶体（PhCs），周期性排列的单分散纳米颗粒，因其光子带隙（PBGs）而成为光操控最有前景的材料之一，这些光子带隙以类似于半导体能带隙对电子的影响方式影响光子。PBGs 的产生是由于构建纳米颗粒与周围介质在空间中的折射率周期性调制，其周期小于波长。这导致位于 PBG 中的特定波长或频率的光无法传播。正因为这种特殊性质，胶体 PhCs 的制造和应用引起了研究者的广泛关注。制造胶体 PhCs 最简单、最经济的方法是纳米颗粒自组装的 bottom-up 方法。自然界中，通过这种方法形成的常见胶体 PhCs 是宝石蛋白石，它们是由经过多年硅质沉积和压缩后有序组装和沉积的球形二氧化硅纳米颗粒制成的。 除了天然形成的蛋白石外，还开发了一系列具有薄膜或块体形态的人造胶体光子晶体。从原则上讲，由于布拉格衍射效应，这些光子晶体材料在从不同角度观察时显示出不同的结构颜色，从而产生鲜艳的颜色和重要的应用。然而，这种角度依赖性对于一些需要宽视角的光学材料和器件的构建是不利的。最近，一系列具有球形宏观形态的胶体光子晶体材料已被创造出来。由于它们的球形对称性，球形胶体光子晶体的光子带隙在固定入射角度的光照下与旋转无关，拓宽了它们的应用前景。基于含有胶体纳米粒子的液滴模板，这些球形胶体光子晶体可以通过蒸发诱导的纳米粒子结晶或有序纳米粒子结晶阵列的聚合来生成。 特别是，由于使用了微流控技术生成液滴模板，球形胶体光子晶体（PhC）的发展取得了显著进展。这些新策略不仅确保了单分散性，还增加了 PhC 珠的结构和功能多样性，为先进光电子器件的发展铺平了道路。在本篇综述中，我们介绍了球形胶体 PhC 的研究进展，包括其设计、制备和潜在应用。我们概述了各种类型的球形胶体 PhC，如紧密堆积、非紧密堆积、倒置光学晶体、双相或多相 Janus 结构和核壳结构几何形状。基于其独特的光学特性，还展示了球形胶体 PhC 在显示器、传感器、条形码和细胞培养微载体等领域的应用。还展望了球形胶体 PhC 材料的未来发展方向。

[1287] Relationship between Time of Day Physical Exercise and the Reduced Risk of Coronary Artery Disease in a Chinese Population International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2014, 24(2): 139-147. Purpose: Exercise leads to a lower risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, whether time of day physical exercise has effects on CAD is still unclear. The present study is to investigate the relationship between time of day physical exercise and angiography determined CAD in a Chinese population. Subjects: A total of 1,129 consecutive participants who underwent coronary angiography for the first time were enrolled in our study. Participants were divided into non-CAD group and CAD group according to the result of coronary angiography. We used a predesigned questionnaire the work-related activity, leisure-time activity, and physical exercise information were recorded in the form of self-reporting. Results: Doing physical exercise was associated with a reduced risk of CAD, after adjusting the established and potential confounders, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.48 (95% CI, 0.35-0.67) compared with those who did not any physical exercise. Moreover, the risk of CAD could linearly decrease with increase of intensity, duration and frequency of exercise. Further stratification analysis revealed that the protective effects of exercise were more significant in the afternoon and evening group than in the morning and forenoon group. The adjusted ORs of doing physical exercise in morning, forenoon, afternoon, and evening groups were 0.53 (0.36-0.78), 0.51(0.27-0.96), 0.46(0.25-0.85), 0.43(0.28-0.66), respectively, compared with nonexerciser (p <.05). Conclusions: Doing physical exercise can decrease the risk of CAD, and exercising in the afternoon or evening may have more significant effects on the prevention of CAD than in other time of day.
[1287] 白天运动时间与中国人冠状动脉疾病风险降低的关系 国际运动营养与运动代谢杂志，2014，24(2)：139-147。目的：运动可降低冠状动脉疾病（CAD）的风险。然而，白天运动时间是否对 CAD 有影响尚不清楚。本研究旨在调查白天运动时间与中国人冠状动脉造影确定的 CAD 之间的关系。对象：共有 1,129 名首次进行冠状动脉造影的连续参与者被纳入本研究。根据冠状动脉造影结果，参与者被分为非 CAD 组和 CAD 组。我们使用预先设计的问卷，工作相关活动、休闲时间和运动信息以自报形式记录。结果：调整已建立的和潜在的混杂因素后，与未进行任何运动的人相比，进行运动与 CAD 风险降低相关，调整后的比值比（OR）为 0.48（95% CI，0.35-0.67）。 此外，冠心病的风险可能随着运动强度、持续时间和频率的增加而线性降低。进一步分层分析显示，运动对下午和傍晚组的保护作用比上午和上午前组更为显著。与不运动者相比，上午、上午前、下午和傍晚组进行体育锻炼的调整后 OR 值分别为 0.53（0.36-0.78）、0.51（0.27-0.96）、0.46（0.25-0.85）、0.43（0.28-0.66），均具有统计学意义（p <.05）。结论：进行体育锻炼可以降低冠心病的风险，下午或傍晚锻炼可能比其他时间更有助于预防冠心病。

[1288] A Visual Film Sensor Based on Silole-Infiltrated Sio2inverse Opal Photonic Crystal for Detecting Organic Vapors J. Mater. Chem. C, 2014, 2(42): 8865-8872.
[1288] 基于硅醇浸渗二氧化硅逆光子晶体的有机蒸气检测视觉电影传感器 J. Mater. Chem. C, 2014, 2(42): 8865-8872.

[1289] Butterfly Effects: Novel Functional Materials Inspired from the Wings Scales Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2014, 16(37): 19767-19780. Through millions of years of evolutionary selection, nature has created biological materials with various functional properties for survival. Many complex natural architectures, such as shells, bones, and honeycombs, have been studied and imitated in the design and fabrication of materials with enhanced hardness and stiffness. Recently, more and more researchers have started to research the wings of butterflies, mostly because of their dazzling colors. It was found that most of these iridescent colors are caused by periodic photonic structures on the scales that make up the surfaces of these wings. These materials have recently become a focus of multidiscipline research because of their promising applications in the display of structural colors, and in advanced sensors, photonic crystals, and solar cells. This paper review aims to provide a perspective overview of the research inspired by these wing structures in recent years.
蝴蝶效应：受蝴蝶翅膀鳞片物理化学启发的创新功能材料 物理化学化学物理，2014，16(37)：19767-19780。经过数百万年的进化选择，自然界已经创造了具有各种功能特性的生物材料以适应生存。许多复杂的自然结构，如贝壳、骨骼和蜂巢，已被研究并模仿用于设计和制造具有增强硬度和刚度的材料。最近，越来越多的研究人员开始研究蝴蝶的翅膀，主要是因为它们令人眼花缭乱的色彩。研究发现，这些彩虹般色彩大多是由构成这些翅膀表面的鳞片上的周期性光子结构引起的。这些材料最近因其有望在结构色显示、高级传感器、光子晶体和太阳能电池等领域的应用而成为多学科研究的焦点。本文综述旨在提供近年来受这些翅膀结构启发的科研的概述视角。

[1290] Specific and Ultrasensitive Ciprofloxacin Detection by Responsive Photonic Crystal Sensor Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2014, 280: 46-54. A new approach for specific and ultrasensitive measurement of ciprofloxacin has been developed by integrating ternary complexes into responsive photonic crystal (RPC). Tryptophan was first immobilized within the polyacrylamide hydrogel substrates of RPC. The determination of ciprofloxacin was via the existence of zinc(II) ions that function as a 'bridge' to form specific tryptophan-zinc(II)-ciprofloxacin complexes step by step, which resulted in a stepwise red-shift of the diffraction wavelength. A maximum wavelength shift from 798 to 870 nm for ciprofloxacin was observed when the RPC film was immersed in 10(-4) M ciprofloxacin. A linear relationship has been obtained between the Delta lambda of diffraction peak and logarithm of ciprofloxacin concentration at pH 5.0 in the range of 10(-10) to 10(-4) M. And the least detectable concentration in present work is about 5 x 10(-11) M. The results demonstrated that the as-designed ternary complexes-based RPC sensor exhibited high sensitivity, satisfactory specificity and excellent recoverability for sensing of ciprofloxacin in aqueous media and were validated by detecting ciprofloxacin in the eye-drop sample. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
[1290] 响应性光子晶体传感器实现特异性和超灵敏环丙沙星检测 危害材料杂志，2014，280：46-54。通过将三元复合物集成到响应性光子晶体（RPC）中，开发了一种特异性和超灵敏测量环丙沙星的新方法。首先将色氨酸固定在 RPC 的聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶基板上。环丙沙星的测定是通过存在作为“桥梁”功能的锌（II）离子，逐步形成特异性的色氨酸-锌（II）-环丙沙酸复合物，从而导致衍射波长的逐步红移。当 RPC 薄膜浸入 10(-4) M 环丙沙酸时，观察到环丙沙酸的最大波长从 798 nm 移至 870 nm。在 pH 5.0 的条件下，在 10(-10)到 10(-4) M 的浓度范围内，衍射峰的Δλ与环丙沙酸浓度的对数之间存在线性关系。本工作中最低可检测浓度为约 5 x 10(-11) M。 结果表明，按设计构建的基于三联复合物的 RPC 传感器在检测水介质中的环丙沙星时表现出高灵敏度、满意的特异性和优异的恢复性，并通过检测眼药水样品中的环丙沙星得到了验证。（C）2014 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有。

[1291] Inverse Opal Hydrogel Sensor for the Detection of Ph and Mercury Ions Rsc Advances, 2014, 4(39): 20567-20572. An inverse opal hydrogel (IOH) sensor was constructed through colloidal templating photopolymerization of acrylic acid and pemaerythritol-triacrylate. Its dual responsive behaviours to pH and mercury ions (Hg2+) were demonstrated by detecting the shift of the diffraction wavelength. The diffraction wavelength of the IOH sensor was dramatically red-shifted when the pH was increased from 11 to 13, due to the swelling of the hydrogel. The shift of the diffraction wavelength can be directly observed by the naked eye through the colour change of the IOH. A fast response behaviour of the IOH sensor to pH was approximately completed within 3 s. Furthermore, carboxyl groups were used to detect Hg2+ as recognition groups. A low detection limit of 10 nM for Hg2+ was achieved in the optimized IOH sensor. The present work indicates the prospect of constructing multi-responsive IOH sensors using a single recognition group through the facile colloidal templating route.
[1291] 用于检测 pH 和汞离子的逆光学水凝胶传感器 Rsc Advances，2014，4(39)：20567-20572。通过丙烯酸和苯甲酸乙二醇三丙烯酸酯的胶体模板光聚合构建了一种逆光学水凝胶（IOH）传感器。通过检测衍射波长的偏移，证明了其对 pH 和汞离子（Hg2+）的双重响应行为。当 pH 从 11 增加到 13 时，由于水凝胶的膨胀，IOH 传感器的衍射波长发生了显著的红移。衍射波长的偏移可以通过 IOH 的颜色变化直接用肉眼观察到。IOH 传感器对 pH 的快速响应行为在大约 3 秒内完成。此外，羧基被用作识别基团来检测 Hg2+。在优化的 IOH 传感器中，实现了对 Hg2+的 10 nM 的低检测限。本研究表明，通过简单的胶体模板途径，使用单个识别基团构建多响应 IOH 传感器的可能性。

[1292] Infrared-Driving Actuation Based on Bilayer Graphene Oxide-Poly( -Isopropylacrylamide) Nanocomposite Hydrogels Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2014, 2(37): 15633-15639. Stimulus-responsive hydrogels are utilized as smart materials in actuators for transforming external stimuli into actuation movements. Infrared (IR) irradiation is considered to be an ideal driving energy because it can penetrate into biomaterials without direct contact and can be remotely controlled. In the present work, a new IR-driving bilayer hydrogel actuator is prepared by stacking a graphene oxide (GO)-hectorite claypoly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) gel layer onto a hectorite clay-PNIPAm gel layer, synthesized through stepwise in situ polymerization. GO in the gel absorbs the IR irradiation and rapidly and efficiently transforms it into thermal energy, resulting in a much faster temperature increase in the GO-containing gel layer than that of the gel layer without GO, and the temperature of the former becomes higher than that of the latter. This bilayer structure with different temperatures changes the isotropic volume contraction into an anisotropic deformation, i.e., bending, which is always toward the GO-containing layer. Moreover, this bending occurs in the atmosphere, owing to the self-supporting capability of the tough gels. The repetition of the bending recovery is realized by turning the IR light on and off. According to these observations, the bilayer gel with GO provides a tough and IR-driving material for new soft actuators.
基于双层氧化石墨烯-聚（-异丙基丙烯酰胺）纳米复合水凝胶的红外驱动驱动器，《材料化学 A》杂志，2014，2(37)：15633-15639。刺激响应水凝胶被用作智能材料，在驱动器中将外部刺激转化为驱动运动。红外（IR）照射被认为是一种理想的驱动能量，因为它可以穿透生物材料而不直接接触，并且可以远程控制。在本工作中，通过逐步原位聚合，将氧化石墨烯（GO）-蒙脱石粘土-聚（-异丙基丙烯酰胺）（PNIPAm）凝胶层堆叠在蒙脱石粘土-PNIPAm 凝胶层上，制备了一种新的红外驱动双层水凝胶驱动器。凝胶中的 GO 吸收红外辐射，并迅速有效地将其转化为热能，导致含有 GO 的凝胶层比不含 GO 的凝胶层温度升高得更快，前者的温度高于后者。 这种具有不同温度的双层结构将各向同性的体积收缩转变为各向异性的变形，即弯曲，这种弯曲始终朝向含 GO 的层。此外，这种弯曲是在大气中发生的，归因于坚韧凝胶的自支撑能力。通过开关红外光来实现弯曲恢复的重复。根据这些观察，含 GO 的双层凝胶为新型软驱动器提供了一种坚韧且可由红外光驱动的材料。

[1293] Infrared-Driving Actuation Based on Bilayer Graphene Oxide-Poly( -Isopropylacrylamide) Nanocomposite Hydrogels Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2014, 2(37): 15633-15639. Stimulus-responsive hydrogels are utilized as smart materials in actuators for transforming external stimuli into actuation movements. Infrared (IR) irradiation is considered to be an ideal driving energy because it can penetrate into biomaterials without direct contact and can be remotely controlled. In the present work, a new IR-driving bilayer hydrogel actuator is prepared by stacking a graphene oxide (GO)-hectorite claypoly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) gel layer onto a hectorite clay-PNIPAm gel layer, synthesized through stepwise in situ polymerization. GO in the gel absorbs the IR irradiation and rapidly and efficiently transforms it into thermal energy, resulting in a much faster temperature increase in the GO-containing gel layer than that of the gel layer without GO, and the temperature of the former becomes higher than that of the latter. This bilayer structure with different temperatures changes the isotropic volume contraction into an anisotropic deformation, i.e., bending, which is always toward the GO-containing layer. Moreover, this bending occurs in the atmosphere, owing to the self-supporting capability of the tough gels. The repetition of the bending recovery is realized by turning the IR light on and off. According to these observations, the bilayer gel with GO provides a tough and IR-driving material for new soft actuators.
基于双层氧化石墨烯-聚（-异丙基丙烯酰胺）纳米复合水凝胶的红外驱动驱动器，《材料化学 A》杂志，2014，2(37)：15633-15639。刺激响应水凝胶被用作智能材料，在驱动器中将外部刺激转化为驱动运动。红外（IR）照射被认为是一种理想的驱动能量，因为它可以穿透生物材料而不直接接触，并且可以远程控制。在本工作中，通过逐步原位聚合，将氧化石墨烯（GO）-蒙脱石粘土-聚（-异丙基丙烯酰胺）（PNIPAm）凝胶层堆叠在蒙脱石粘土-PNIPAm 凝胶层上，制备了一种新的红外驱动双层水凝胶驱动器。凝胶中的 GO 吸收红外辐射，并迅速有效地将其转化为热能，导致含有 GO 的凝胶层比不含 GO 的凝胶层温度升高得更快，前者的温度高于后者。 这种具有不同温度的双层结构将各向同性体积收缩转变为各向异性变形，即弯曲，这种弯曲始终朝向含有 GO 的层。此外，这种弯曲是在大气中发生的，归因于坚韧凝胶的自支撑能力。通过开关红外光来实现弯曲恢复的重复。根据这些观察，含有 GO 的双层凝胶为新型软驱动器提供了一种坚韧且可由红外光驱动的材料。

[1294] Linear and Fast Hydrogel Glucose Sensor Materials Enabled by Volume Resetting Agents Advanced Materials, 2014, 26(32): 5678-+. A volume resetting agent is incorporated into a boronic acid functionalized hydrogel containing an embedded photonic crystal, yielding a glucose sensor material with a linear and fast response, minimal hysteresis, and good stability under simulated physiological conditions. The hydrogel can be tuned to modulate both the sensitivity and kinetics.
[1294] 基于体积重置剂的线性快速水凝胶葡萄糖传感器材料，先进材料，2014，26(32)：5678-+. 将体积重置剂引入含有嵌入式光子晶体的硼酸功能化水凝胶中，得到具有线性快速响应、最小滞后和良好稳定性的葡萄糖传感器材料，在模拟生理条件下。该水凝胶可以调节以调节灵敏度和动力学。

[1295] Mechano-Actuated Ultrafast Full-Colour Switching in Layered Photonic Hydrogels Nature Communications, 2014, 5: 4659-4666. Photonic crystals with tunability in the visible region are of great interest for controlling light diffraction. Mechanochromic photonic materials are periodically structured soft materials designed with a photonic stop-band that can be tuned by mechanical forces to reflect specific colours. Soft photonic materials with broad colour tunability and fast colour switching are invaluable for application. Here we report a novel mechano-actuated, soft photonic hydrogel that has an ultrafast-response time, full-colour tunable range, high spatial resolution and can be actuated by a very small compressive stress. In addition, the material has excellent mechanical stability and the colour can be reversibly switched at high frequency more than 10,000 times without degradation. This material can be used in optical devices, such as full-colour display and sensors to visualize the time evolution of complicated stress/strain fields, for example, generated during the motion of biological cells.
[1295] 机械驱动超快全色切换层状光子水凝胶《自然·通讯》，2014，5：4659-4666。在可见光区域具有可调性的光子晶体对于控制光衍射非常有兴趣。机械色散光子材料是周期性结构化的软材料，设计有光子截止带，可以通过机械力调节以反射特定颜色。具有广泛颜色可调性和快速颜色切换的软光子材料对于应用非常有价值。在此，我们报道了一种新型的机械驱动软光子水凝胶，它具有超快响应时间、全色可调范围、高空间分辨率，并且可以通过非常小的压缩应力进行驱动。此外，该材料具有优异的机械稳定性，颜色可以在高频率下可逆切换超过 10,000 次而不会退化。该材料可用于光学器件，如全色显示器和传感器，以可视化复杂应力/应变场的时间演化，例如在生物细胞运动过程中产生的。

[1296] Two-Photon-Responsive Supramolecular Hydrogel for Controlling Materials Motion in Micrometer Space Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 2014, 53(28): 7264-7267. Spatiotemporal control of fluidity inside a soft matrix by external stimuli allows real-time manipulation of nano/micromaterials. In this study, we report a two-photon-responsive peptide-based supramolecular hydrogel, the fluidity of which was dramatically controlled with high spatial resolution (10 mu m x 10 mu m x 10 mu m). The off-on switching of the Brownian motion of nanobeads and chemotaxis of bacteria by two-photon excitation was successfully demonstrated.
[1296] 双光子响应超分子水凝胶，用于控制微米空间中的材料运动，《应用化学-国际版》，2014，53(28)：7264-7267。通过外部刺激对软基质内部流变性的时空控制，可以实现纳米/微材料的实时操控。在本研究中，我们报道了一种双光子响应的肽基超分子水凝胶，其流变性以高空间分辨率（10 微米 x 10 微米 x 10 微米）得到显著控制。通过双光子激发成功演示了纳米微球布朗运动的开关和细菌的趋化性。

[1297] Pulsed Laser Writing of Holographic Nanosensors Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2014, 2(18): 3569-3576. Tuneable optical sensors have been developed to sense chemical stimuli for a range of applications from bioprocess and environmental monitoring to medical diagnostics. Here, we present a porphyrinfunctionalised optical sensor based on a holographic grating. The holographic sensor fulfils two key sensing functions simultaneously: it responds to external stimuli and serves as an optical transducer in the visible region of the spectrum. The sensor was fabricated via a 6 nanosecond-pulsed laser (350 mJ, lambda = 532 nm) photochemical patterning process that enabled a facile fabrication. A novel porphyrin derivative was synthesised to function as the crosslinker of a polymer matrix, the light-absorbing material, the component of a diffraction grating, as well as the cation chelating agent in the sensor. The use of this multifunctional porphyrin permitted two-step fabrication of a narrow-band light diffracting photonic sensing structure. The resulting structure can be tuned finely to diffract narrow-band light based on the changes in the fringe spacing within the polymer and the system's overall index of refraction. We show the utility of the sensor by demonstrating its reversible colorimetric tuneability in response to variation in concentrations of organic solvents and metal cations (Cu2+ and Fe2+) in the visible region of the spectrum (lambda(max) approximate to 520-680 nm) with a response time within 50 s. Porphyrinfunctionalised optical sensors offer great promise in fields varying from environmental monitoring to biochemical sensing to printable optical devices.
脉冲激光全息纳米传感器写入，材料化学 C 杂志，2014，2(18)：3569-3576。可调谐光学传感器已被开发出来，用于检测各种化学刺激，应用范围从生物过程和环境监测到医疗诊断。在此，我们介绍了一种基于全息光栅的卟啉功能化光学传感器。该全息传感器同时满足两个关键传感功能：它对外部刺激做出反应，并在光谱的可见区域作为光传感器。该传感器通过 6 纳秒脉冲激光（350 mJ，lambda = 532 nm）光化学图案化工艺制造，实现了简便的制造。合成了一种新的卟啉衍生物，用作聚合物基质的交联剂、光吸收材料、衍射光栅的组成部分以及传感器中的阳离子螯合剂。这种多功能卟啉的使用允许两步制造窄带光衍射光子传感结构。 结果结构可以精细调整，以根据聚合物和系统整体折射率的条纹间距变化来衍射窄带光。我们通过展示传感器对有机溶剂和金属阳离子（Cu2+和 Fe2+）浓度变化的可逆比色调谐性，在光谱可见区域（λmax 约为 520-680 nm）内，响应时间在 50 秒以内，证明了该传感器的实用性。卟啉功能化的光学传感器在从环境监测到生物传感再到可打印光学器件的各个领域都极具应用前景。

[1298] Holographic Sensors: Three-Dimensional Analyte-Sensitive Nanostructures and Their Applications Chemical Reviews, 2014, 114(20): 10654-10696.
[1298] 全息传感器：三维分析物敏感纳米结构和它们的化学评论，2014，114(20)：10654-10696。

[1299] Light-Directed Writing of Chemically Tunable Narrow-Band Holographic Sensors Advanced Optical Materials, 2014, 2(3): 250-254.
[1299] 光引导化学可调窄带全息传感器的写入高级光学材料，2014，2(3)：250-254。