These specifications are to be used in connection with the appropriate Construction Agreement. 这些规范将与适当的施工协议一起使用。
TABLE OF CONTENTS 目录
Section/Article Description Page 章节/文章描述页码
8.1 Scope and Purpose … 1-8-2 8.1 范围和目的... 1-8-2
8.2 Related Sections … 1-8-2 8.2 相关章节...1-8-2
8.3 Notable North American Railroad Tunnels … 1-8-3 8.3 著名的北美铁路隧道……1-8-3
8.4 Design. … 1-8-4 8.4 设计。…1-8-4
8.4.1 Tunnel Types (2013) … 1-8-5 8.4.1 隧道类型(2013)…1-8-5
8.4.2 Tunnel Dimensions (2013). … 1-8-5 8.4.2 隧道尺寸(2013)…1-8-5
8.4.3 Lining Systems (2013) R(2019) … 1-8-7 8.4.3 衬里系统 (2013) R(2019) … 1-8-7
8.4.4 Geotechnical Exploration (2013) … 1-8-20 8.4.4 岩土工程勘探(2013年)…1-8-20
8.5 Maintenance and Construction … 1-8-29 8.5 维护和建设...1-8-29
8.5.1 Tunnel Maintenance and Rehabilitation (2013) … 1-8-29 8.5.1 隧道维护和修复(2013)…1-8-29
8.5.2 Railroad Tunnel Construction Methods (2013) … 1-8-31 8.5.2 铁路隧道施工方法(2013)…1-8-31
8.5.3 Groundwater Control (2013) … 1-8-32 8.5.3 地下水控制(2013年)…1-8-32
8.6 Measurement and Payment … 1-8-34 8.6 测量和付款...1-8-34
8.7 Ventilation … 1-8-35 8.7 通风 … 1-8-35
8.7.1 Rehabilitation and New Construction (2013) … 1-8-35 8.7.1 修复和新建(2013 年)…1-8-35
8.7.2 Ventilation for Long Tunnels (2013) … 1-8-36 8.7.2 长隧道通风(2013)…1-8-36
8.8 References … 1-8-40 8.8 参考文献...1-8-40
8.9 Glossary of Common Tunneling Terms … 1-8-41 8.9 常用隧道术语表 ... 1-8-41
LIST OF FIGURES 图表列表
Figure Description1-8-1 Single and Double Track Railroad Tunnels1-8-6 图形描述1-8-1 单线和双线铁路隧道1-8-6
1-8-2 Masonry Liner … 1-8-8 1-8-2 砌体衬砌…1-8-8
1-8-3 Brick Liner … 1-8-9 1-8-3 砖衬…1-8-9
1-8-4 Timber Liner … 1-8-11 1-8-4 木材衬砌…1-8-11
1-8-5 Steel Set Liner … 1-8-13 1-8-5 钢套内衬…1-8-13
1-8-6 Liner Plate … 1-8-14 1-8-6 衬板 … 1-8-14
1-8-7 Concrete Liner … 1-8-15 1-8-7 混凝土衬砌…1-8-15
1-8-8 Shotcrete and Rockbolts Liner. … 1-8-17 1-8-8 喷射混凝土和岩栓衬砌。…1-8-17
1-8-9 Lattice Girder and Shotcrete Liner … 1-8-19 1-8-9 格构梁和喷射混凝土衬砌……1-8-19
1-8-10 Effect of Stratified Airflow … 1-8-37 1-8-10 分层气流的影响...1-8-37
1-8-11 Effect of Stratified Airlfow and Heat Rejection. … 1-8-38 1-8-11 分层气流和散热的影响。…1-8-38
1-8-12 Railroad Tunnel Ventilation System Configurations … 1-8-39 1-8-12 铁路隧道通风系统配置...1-8-39
LIST OF TABLES 表格列表
Table Description Page 表格描述页
1-8-1 Characteristics of Notable Tunnels in North America … 1-8-4 1-8-1 北美著名隧道的特点 … 1-8-4
1-8-2 Rock Load (Hp) in Feet of Rock on Roof of Support in Tunnel with Width B (ft) and Height Ht(ft)\mathrm{Ht}(\mathrm{ft}) at Depth of MoreThan 1.5 (B+Ht).1-8-24 1-8-2 宽度为 B (ft),高度为 Ht(ft)\mathrm{Ht}(\mathrm{ft}) ,深度超过 1.5 (B+Ht) 的隧道中,支撑顶板岩石荷载 (Hp),单位为英尺。1-8-24
1-8-3 Rock Mass Rating System (After Bieniawski 1989) … 1-8-26 1-8-3 岩体质量评级系统(Bieniawski 1989 年之后)…1-8-26
1-8-4 Numerical Modeling Programs for Rock Tunneling … 1-8-28 1-8-4 岩石隧道数值模拟程序...1-8-28
1-8-5 Typical Bid Items for Tunnels … 1-8-35 1-8-5 隧道典型招标项目...1-8-35
SECTION 8.1 SCOPE AND PURPOSE 第 8.1 节 范围和目的
The intent of this part of the manual is to provide general guidance for railroad tunnel design, construction and rehabilitation. Tunnel liner design is addressed in Chapter 8. This guidance shall not be considered technical specifications. Numerous references are available in the engineering literature (refer to the List of References), which provides exhaustive detail about the subject. It is expected that a railroad engineering department would assemble a design team of civil, structural, and geotechnical engineering experts to completely develop the design plans and specifications for a new tunnel or rehabilitation of an existing tunnel. This design team would be expected to provide detailed engineering recommendations and construction specifications for the tunnel project. 本手册的本部分旨在为铁路隧道的设计、施工和修复提供通用指导。隧道衬砌设计在第8章中讨论。本指导不应被视为技术规范。工程文献中提供了大量参考资料(请参阅参考文献列表),其中提供了有关该主题的详尽信息。预计铁路工程部门将组建一个由土木工程、结构工程和岩土工程专家组成的设计团队,以全面制定新建隧道或现有隧道修复的设计方案和规范。该设计团队将为隧道项目提供详细的工程建议和施工规范。
SECTION 8.2 RELATED SECTIONS 第 8.2 节相关章节
Following is a list of related chapters, parts, and sections of the AREMA Manual, which also address tunneling and related subjects: 以下是 AREMA 手册的相关章节、部分和节的列表,其中也涉及隧道施工和相关主题:
SECTION 8.3 NOTABLE NORTH AMERICAN RAILROAD TUNNELS 第 8.3 节 著名的北美铁路隧道
Railroad tunnels played a major role in the establishment of a North American transcontinental transportation system. The transcontinental railroad crossed obstacles such as the Appalachian Mountains, Rocky Mountains, and Cascade Mountains. Construction methods at the time included drill-and-blast with steam excavators and hydraulic shields, which were precursors of today’s advanced tunneling machines. Some of the notable tunnels constructed in the 19^("th ")19^{\text {th }} and at the turn of the 20^("th ")20^{\text {th }} century in North America are listed in Table 1-8-1. 铁路隧道在北美横贯大陆运输系统的建立中发挥了重要作用。横贯大陆的铁路跨越了阿巴拉契亚山脉、落基山脉和喀斯喀特山脉等障碍。当时的施工方法包括使用蒸汽挖掘机和液压盾构机进行钻孔爆破,这些是当今先进隧道掘进机的前身。表 1-8-1 列出了北美在 19^("th ")19^{\text {th }} 世纪和 20^("th ")20^{\text {th }} 世纪之交修建的一些著名隧道。