Tax Q4 PQ - Knowledge Point Index (Focus on Q4 Area: Individual Taxation)
税务第四季度 PQ - 知识点索引(重点关注第四季度区域:个人税务)
- Scenario: Individual resident in R working temporarily (<183 days) in S for R employer with no PE in S; salary paid by R employer. (See Q1 Schmidt)
情景:R 国居民在 S 国为 R 国雇主临时工作(<183 天),R 国雇主在 S 国没有常设机构;工资由 R 国雇主支付。(参见 Q1 Schmidt)
- Key Concepts: Employment Income, Source vs. Residence Rights, 183-Day Rule Exception Fully Met.
关键概念:雇佣收入,来源地与居住地权利,完全符合 183 天规则例外情况。 - DTA Article(s): Art 15(1), Art 15(2) (Conditions a, b, c met).
DTA 条款:第 15 条第 1 款,第 15 条第 2 款(条件 a、b、c 已满足)。 - Related Lecture(s): L6 (Individuals), L1 (Residence).
相关讲座:L6(个人),L1(居住地)。 - Exam Area: Q4 Area. 考试区域:第四季度区域。
- Scenario: Individual resident in R performing brief independent consulting in S with no fixed base. (See Q1 Schmidt)
情形:居住在 R 国的个人在 S 国进行简短的独立咨询,没有固定基地。(参见 Q1 施密特)
- Key Concepts: Independent Personal Services (as Business Profits under 2017 MTC), PE Requirement for Source Taxation, Absence of PE.
关键概念:独立个人服务(作为 2017 年 MTC 下的营业利润),来源地税收的 PE 要求,PE 的缺失。 - DTA Article(s): Art 7(1), Art 5. (Alternative: Art 21).
税收协定条款:第 7(1) 条,第 5 条。(替代条款:第 21 条)。 - Related Lecture(s): L6 (Individuals), L4 (PE), L5 (Characterization).
相关讲座:L6(个人),L4(PE),L5(性质认定)。 - Exam Area: Q4 Area. 考试区域:第四季度区域。
- Scenario: Individual potentially resident in both R and S under domestic law; owns home in R, rents year-round in S; family in R, work/clients mainly in S; roughly equal time split over years but more days in S in the specific year. (See Q7 Rossi)
情形:根据国内法,个人可能同时是 R 国和 S 国的居民;在 R 国拥有住房,在 S 国全年租房;家庭在 R 国,工作/客户主要在 S 国;多年来时间分配大致相等,但在特定年份在 S 国的天数更多。(参见 Q7 罗西)
- Key Concepts: Dual Residence, Treaty Residence Determination, Tie-breaker Rules Sequence (Permanent Home likely inconclusive, COVI likely inconclusive, Habitual Abode likely decisive).
关键概念:双重居住地、税收协定居住地确定、打破僵局规则顺序(永久住所可能不具决定性,重要利益中心可能不具决定性,习惯性居所可能具有决定性)。 - DTA Article(s): Art 4(2) (esp. (a), (b), (c)).
DTA 条款:第 4(2)条(特别是(a)、(b)、(c)项)。 - Related Lecture(s): L1 (Residence), L6 (Individuals).
相关讲座:L1(居住地),L6(个人)。 - Exam Area: Q4 Area. 考试区域:第四季度区域。
- Scenario: Individual resident in R, has PE (freelance studio) in R (also S), earns income from R clients via R PE. (See Q7 Rossi)
情景:个人是 R 国的居民,在 R 国(也是 S 国)有常设机构(自由职业工作室),通过 R 国常设机构从 R 国客户处获得收入。(参见 Q7 Rossi)
- Key Concepts: Business Profits, Residence State Taxation, Source State Taxation (where PE exists).
关键概念:营业利润、居民国税务、来源国税务(存在常设机构)。 - DTA Article(s): Art 7(1).
税收协定条款:第 7(1)条。 - Related Lecture(s): L6 (Individuals), L4 (PE).
相关讲座:L6(个人),L4(常设机构)。 - Exam Area: Q4 Area. 考试区域:第四季度区域。
- Scenario: Individual resident in R earns fees for freelance work performed physically in S, but likely without creating a PE in S. (See Q7 Rossi)
情形:R 国居民个人在 S 国从事自由职业并赚取费用,但可能未在 S 国构成常设机构。(参见 Q7 Rossi)
- Key Concepts: Business Profits, Source State Taxing Right dependent on PE, PE Analysis (Fixed Place).
关键概念:营业利润、取决于常设机构的来源国征税权、常设机构分析(固定场所)。 - DTA Article(s): Art 7(1), Art 5(1).
税收协定条款:第 7(1)条,第 5(1)条。 - Related Lecture(s): L6 (Individuals), L4 (PE).
相关讲座:L6(个人),L4(常设机构)。 - Exam Area: Q4 Area. 考试区域:第四季度区域。
- Scenario: Individual resident in R receives interest from bank in S. (See Q7 Rossi, Q5 Wang)
情形:R 国居民个人从 S 国银行获得利息。(参见 Q7 Rossi,Q5 Wang)
- Key Concepts: Interest Income, Shared Taxing Rights, Source State Limitation (WHT rate), Beneficial Ownership (BO), PE Exception.
关键概念:利息收入、税收共享权、来源国限制(预扣税率)、实益拥有权(BO)、常设机构例外。 - DTA Article(s): Art 11(1), Art 11(2), Art 11(4).
税收协定条款:第 11(1)条、第 11(2)条、第 11(4)条。 - Related Lecture(s): L5 (Passive Income/BO), L6 (Individuals).
相关讲座:L5(被动收入/实益拥有人),L6(个人)。 - Exam Area: Q4 Area / Q3 Area (BO).
考试范围:Q4 范围/Q3 范围(实益拥有人)。
- Scenario: Dual Residence claimed; individual retains permanent home in R (family lives there), rents apartment in S for fixed term contract; spends >183 days in S, visits R frequently. (See Q2 Dubois)
情形:主张双重居民身份;个人在 R 国保留永久住所(家人居住在那里),在 S 国租用公寓用于定期合同;在 S 国居住>183 天,经常访问 R 国。(参见 Q2 杜布瓦)
- Key Concepts: Dual Residence, Treaty Residence Determination, Tie-breaker Rules (Permanent Home likely decisive).
关键概念:双重居民身份、 treaty 居民身份确定、连接规则(永久住所可能具有决定性)。 - DTA Article(s): Art 4(2) (esp. (a)).
DTA 条款:第 4(2)条(特别是(a)项)。 - Related Lecture(s): L1 (Residence), L6 (Individuals).
相关讲座:L1(居住地),L6(个人)。 - Exam Area: Q4 Area. 考试区域:第四季度区域。
- Scenario: Individual resident in R works >183 days in S; paid by S resident employer. (See Q2 Dubois)
情形:R 国居民个人在 S 国工作>183 天;由 S 国居民雇主支付报酬。(参见 Q2 杜布瓦)
- Key Concepts: Employment Income, Source State Right to Tax, Art 15(2) exception conditions NOT met (Presence & Employer).
关键概念:雇佣收入、来源国征税权、第 15(2) 条例外情况不满足(存在和雇主)。 - DTA Article(s): Art 15(1), Art 15(2) (conditions a & b not met).
税收协定条款:第 15(1)条、第 15(2)条(条件 a 和 b 不满足)。 - Related Lecture(s): L6 (Individuals).
相关讲座:L6(个人)。 - Exam Area: Q4 Area. 考试区域:第四季度区域。
- Scenario: Individual resident in R receives Director's fees from company resident in S for meetings held in S. (See Q2 Dubois)
场景:R 国居民的个人因在 S 国举行的会议而收到 S 国居民公司支付的董事费。(参见 Q2 Dubois)
- Key Concepts: Director's Fees Taxing Rights (allocated to company's residence state).
关键概念:董事费征税权(分配给公司居住国)。 - DTA Article(s): Art 16. 税收协定条款:第 16 条。
- Related Lecture(s): L6 (Individuals).
相关讲座:L6(个人)。 - Exam Area: Q4 Area. 考试区域:第四季度区域。
- Scenario: Individual resident in R receives Dividends from company resident in S. (See Q2 Dubois)
情景:居住在 R 的个人收到来自居住在 S 的公司的股息。(参见 Q2 Dubois)
- Key Concepts: Dividend Taxing Rights (Residence state and Source state), Source state WHT limit (if applicable), BO. (Note: if R=S, only that state taxes).
关键概念:股息征税权(居住国和来源国),来源国预提所得税限额(如果适用),实益拥有人。(注意:如果 R=S,则只有该国征税)。 - DTA Article(s): Art 10. 税收协定条款:第 10 条。
- Related Lecture(s): L5 (Passive Income/BO), L6 (Individuals).
相关讲座:L5(被动收入/实益拥有人),L6(个人)。 - Exam Area: Q4 Area / Q3 Area (BO).
考试范围:Q4 范围/Q3 范围(实益拥有人)。
- Scenario: Application of Exemption with Progression DTR method by Residence State. (See Q2 Dubois, Q7 Rossi)
情景:居住国适用免税累进法抵免外国税款。(参见 Q2 Dubois, Q7 Rossi)
- Key Concepts: Double Tax Relief, Exemption Method, Progression Rule calculation.
关键概念:双重税收减免、免税法、累进税率计算。 - DTA Article(s): Art 23A (esp. Para 1 & 3).
税收协定条款:第 23A 条(特别是第 1 款和第 3 款)。 - Related Lecture(s): L7 (FTC concepts).
相关讲座:L7(外国税收抵免概念)。 - Exam Area: Q4 Area (and others).
考试范围:Q4 范围(及其他)。
- Scenario: Offshore Indirect Transfer (OIT): R resident sells shares in offshore HoldCo deriving value (>50%) from immovable property in S via S-OpCo. (See Q3 Tanaka)
场景:境外间接转让 (OIT):R 居民出售境外控股公司的股份,该控股公司的价值(>50%)来自 S 国通过 S-运营公司持有的不动产。(参见 Q3 田中)
- Key Concepts: Capital Gains, OIT, Domestic Anti-Avoidance (GAAR/RCP), Treaty Permission via Land-Rich Clause.
关键概念:资本利得、境外间接转让、国内反避税(一般反避税规则/实际控制人规定)、通过土地增值条款实现的条约许可。 - DTA Article(s): Art 13(4) (or equivalent), interaction with domestic rules (e.g., Bulletin 7).
DTA 条款:第 13 条第 4 款(或等效条款),与国内规则的互动(例如,第 7 号公告)。 - Related Lecture(s): L6 (Capital Gains/OIT/GAAR).
相关讲座:L6(资本利得/OIT/一般反避税规则)。 - Exam Area: Q4 Area / Q2 Area (Structures).
考试范围:第四季度范围/第二季度范围(结构)。
- Scenario: Artiste (resident A) performs in B, payment made to Management Company (resident C). (See Q4 Global Star)
情景:艺人(居民 A)在 B 地演出,付款支付给管理公司(居民 C)。(参见 Q4 全球明星)
- Key Concepts: Artiste Income, Source State Right to Tax, Look-through rule for payments to third party entity.
关键概念:艺人收入、来源国征税权、支付给第三方实体的穿透规则。 - DTA Article(s): Art 17(1), Art 17(2).
税收协定条款:第 17 条第 1 款,第 17 条第 2 款。 - Related Lecture(s): L6 (Individuals).
相关讲座:L6(个人)。 - Exam Area: Q4 Area. 考试区域:第四季度区域。
- Scenario: Individual resident in R due to Domicile under domestic law despite working/living abroad long-term but returning mid-year. (See Q5 Wang)
情形:根据国内法,个人因住所而成为 R 国的居民,尽管长期在国外工作/生活,但年中返回。(参见王 Q5)
- Key Concepts: Residence Determination (Domestic Law Domicile principle vs. Treaty tie-breakers if needed).
关键概念:居住地确定(国内法住所原则与必要时的条约打破僵局规则)。 - DTA Article(s): Art 4(1), potentially Art 4(2).
DTA 条款:第 4(1)条,可能为第 4(2)条。 - Related Lecture(s): L1 (Residence), L6 (Individuals).
相关讲座:L1(居住地),L6(个人)。 - Exam Area: Q4 Area. 考试区域:第四季度区域。
- Scenario: Individual works >183 days in S, paid by R employer, but costs fully reimbursed (+ markup) by S subsidiary. (See Q8 Chen)
情形:个人在 S 工作>183 天,由 R 雇主支付工资,但费用由 S 子公司全额报销(+加价)。(参见陈问答 8)
- Key Concepts: Employment Income, Art 15(2) exception fails (Presence >183 days), Art 15(2)(c) 'Borne By' analysis with cost recharge.
关键概念:雇佣收入,第 15(2)条例外情况不成立(停留时间>183 天),第 15(2)(c)条关于成本分摊的“由…负担”分析。 - DTA Article(s): Art 15(1), Art 15(2) (conditions a & c not met).
税收协定条款:第 15(1)条,第 15(2)条(条件 a 和 c 未满足)。 - Related Lecture(s): L6 (Individuals).
相关讲座:L6(个人)。 - Exam Area: Q4 Area. 考试区域:第四季度区域。
- Scenario: Stock options exercised, gain attributable to employment service performed in source country. (See Q8 Chen)
情景:股票期权被行使,收益归属于在来源国提供的雇佣服务。(参见 Q8 Chen)
- Key Concepts: Characterization (Employment Income vs. Capital Gain), Allocation/Sourcing of gain based on service period, Application of Art 15.
关键概念:性质划分(雇佣收入 vs. 资本收益),基于服务期的收益分配/来源地确定,第 15 条的适用。 - DTA Article(s): Art 15 (primary), possibly Art 13 (less likely).
税收协定条款:第 15 条(主要),可能第 13 条(可能性较小)。 - Related Lecture(s): L6 (Individuals).
相关讲座:L6(个人)。 - Exam Area: Q4 Area. 考试区域:第四季度区域。
- Scenario: Retired diplomat (X national) becomes resident of Y, receives pension from X government for past service. (See Q6 Li)
情形:退休外交官(X 国籍)成为 Y 国居民,从 X 国政府获得过去服务的养老金。(参见 Q6 Li)
- Key Concepts: Government Pension vs. Private Pension, Exclusive taxing right of paying state unless specific exception applies (residence AND nationality in other state).
关键概念:政府养老金与私人养老金,除非有特定例外情况(在另一国居住且具有该国国籍),否则支付国有专属征税权。 - DTA Article(s): Art 19(2).
税收协定条款:第 19(2)条。 - Related Lecture(s): L6 (Individuals).
相关讲座:L6(个人)。 - Exam Area: Q4 Area. 考试区域:第四季度区域。
- Scenario: Resident of Y receives Royalties sourced in X (OECD 2017 MTC context). (See Q6 Li)
情景:Y 国居民收到源自 X 国的特许权使用费(OECD 2017 MTC 背景)。(参见 Q6 Li)
- Key Concepts: Royalties, Exclusive Residence State Taxation (OECD 2017), BO, PE Exception.
关键概念:特许权使用费、专属居住国税务(OECD 2017)、受益所有人、常设机构例外。 - DTA Article(s): Art 12(1), Art 12(3).
税收协定条款:第 12 条第 1 款,第 12 条第 3 款。 - Related Lecture(s): L5 (Passive Income/BO), L6 (Individuals).
相关讲座:L5(被动收入/实益拥有人),L6(个人)。 - Exam Area: Q4 Area / Q3 Area (BO).
考试范围:Q4 范围/Q3 范围(实益拥有人)。
- Scenario: Resident receives Lottery winnings from a third country. (See Q11 Dubois)
情形:居民从第三国获得彩票中奖。(参见 Q11 Dubois)
- Key Concepts: Characterization of unusual income, Other Income rule (exclusive residence state taxation under OECD).
关键概念:非常规收入的定性,其他所得规则(根据 OECD 的专属居住国税务)。 - DTA Article(s): Art 21(1).
税收协定条款:第 21(1)条。 - Related Lecture(s): L6 (Individuals).
相关讲座:L6(个人)。 - Exam Area: Q4 Area. 考试区域:第四季度区域。
- Scenario: Sale of PE business assets (movable property) vs. Sale of unrelated personal investment shares in source country. (See Q9 Lundgren)
情形:出售常设机构的商业资产(动产)与出售来源国境内不相关的个人投资股份。(参见 Q9 Lundgren)
- Key Concepts: Capital Gains allocation based on asset type (PE assets vs. Other Property), PE concept.
关键概念:基于资产类型的资本利得分配(常设机构资产与其他财产),常设机构概念。 - DTA Article(s): Art 13(2) vs. Art 13(5).
税收协定条款:第 13 条第 2 款 对比 第 13 条第 5 款。 - Related Lecture(s): L6 (Capital Gains), L4 (PE).
相关讲座:L6(资本利得),L4(常设机构)。 - Exam Area: Q4 Area. 考试区域:第四季度区域。
- Scenario: Application of 183-day rule considering "any 12-month period commencing or ending in the fiscal year concerned", where presence straddles tax years. (See Q10 Müller)
情形:考虑“在有关财政年度开始或结束的任何 12 个月期间”的 183 天规则的应用,其中存在跨越税务年度的情况。(参见 Q10 Müller)
- Key Concepts: Employment Income, Detailed application of 183-day presence test timing rule.
关键概念:雇佣收入,183 天居住测试时间规则的详细应用。 - DTA Article(s): Art 15(2)(a).
税收协定条款:第 15 条第 2 款(a)。 - Related Lecture(s): L6 (Individuals).
相关讲座:L6(个人)。 - Exam Area: Q4 Area. 考试区域:第四季度区域。
- Scenario: Applying Credit Method DTR, specifically calculating the credit limitation. (See Q10 Müller, Q8 Chen, Q9 Lundgren)
情景:应用免税额法,特别是计算免税额的限制。(参见 Q10 Müller, Q8 Chen, Q9 Lundgren)
- Key Concepts: DTR - Credit Method, Ordinary Credit Limitation Formula/Calculation.
关键概念:免税额法,普通免税额限制公式/计算。 - DTA Article(s): Art 23B. 税收协定条款:第 23B 条。
- Related Lecture(s): L7 (FTC).
相关讲座:L7(外国税收抵免)。 - Exam Area: Q4 Area (and others requiring DTR).
考试范围:Q4 范围(以及其他需要双重税收减免的范围)。
- Scenario: Applying Exemption Method DTR, distinguishing simple exemption vs. progression, and handling switch-to-credit for passive income. (See Q7 Rossi, Q2 Dubois, Q6 Li - latter showing when DTR not needed)
情景:应用免税法双重税收减免,区分简单免税与累进免税,以及处理被动收入的转换抵免。(参见 Q7 罗西、Q2 杜波依斯、Q6 李——后者显示何时不需要双重税收减免)
- Key Concepts: DTR - Exemption Method, Progression Rule, Art 23A(2) switch-to-credit for Art 10/11. Understanding when DTR applies (only if double taxing rights exist).
关键概念:DTR - 免税法、累进规则、第 23A(2)条关于第 10/11 条的转贷条款。理解何时适用 DTR(仅当存在双重征税权时)。 - DTA Article(s): Art 23A (Paras 1, 2, 3).
DTA 条款:第 23A 条(第 1、2、3 款)。 - Related Lecture(s): L7 (FTC concepts).
相关讲座:L7(外国税收抵免概念)。 - Exam Area: Q4 Area (and others requiring DTR).
考试范围:Q4 范围(以及其他需要 DTR 的范围)。