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  1. 外国投资的增加,例如三星在 2015-2016 年期间所做的,将如何影响企业?

  2. 应收账款的增加和应付账款的减少将如何影响企业?

  3.4 假设


从研究问题中推导出假设:

  1. 三星在 2015 年至 2018 年期间增加外资投资,将对企业的增长产生积极影响

  2. 增加企业的应收账款和减少应付账款将对企业产生积极影响

  4. 原始数据

  4.1 资产负债表

图 1. 三星截至 2018 年的资产负债表
  资产负债表项目   计数   2015 年   2016 年   2017 年   2018 年
  资产

货币及其等价物 流动资产

货币及其等价物
1 13,716,517 17,544,076 15,431,422 15,997,688

短期金融工具
2 10,764,546 16,243,056 34,798,353 39,602,713

可供出售金融资产
3 612,426 1,175,309 1,410,525 3,122,255
  应收账款 4 22,549,741 24,903,927 26,415,175 26,821,018
  进展 5 1,340,947 1,563,279 1,827,147 1,889,874
  预付费用 6 2,174,832 2,112,066 2,343,362 3,179,057
  库存 7 14,673,434 16,569,333 18,132,160 16,450,560

待售资产
8 0 0 2,574,370 613,177
  其他流动资产 9 923,288 1,365,023 2,023,680 1,705,275
  总流动资产 10 66,755,731 81,476,069 104,956,194 109,381,617
  非流动资产

可供出售金融资产
11 3,009,614 4,882,060 5,911,475 12,033,351

对其他企业的投资(合资)
12 8,593,193 8,202,305 6,085,750 4,970,515

土地、工厂和设备
13 57,925,451 63,938,701 71,540,214 76,824,309
  无形资产 14 3,132,514 3,482,126 3,772,008 4,545,904
  存款 15 739,299 760,613 0 0

长期费用的预付款
16 3,224,914 3,282,120 3,284,168 4,613,970

所得税预缴(利润)
17 1,664,724 2,349,062 4,379,589 4,299,986
  其他固定资产 18 412,746 678,919 2,927,627 2,217,933

总非流动资产
19 78,702,455 87,575,906 87,309,447 98,374,079
  总财产 20 145,458,186 169,051,975 192,265,641 207,755,696
  负债与资本
  短期负债
  应付账款 21 17,280,823 15,768,229 16,709,661 7,518,480
  短期贷款 22 9,012,904 7,883,253 6,101,125 7,627,338
  未赚取收入 23 1,354,433 1,416,928 1,616,899 1,355,780
  预扣税 24 1,601,223 902,226 1,114,419 1,103,482
  应计成本 25 7,304,386 8,864,864 10,750,052 12,232,143
  应付利润税 26 1,178,973 3,008,994 3,208,583 2,052,920
  贷款和债券 27 0 0 2,298,712 1,689,624

长期贷款的当前分期付款
28 28,281 932,695 0 0
  条款 29 3,281,240 4,719,310 6,383,470 5,691,565

待售负债
30 0 0 0 26,898

其他短期负债
31 334,839 321,120 443,450 10,111,780

总流动负债
32 41,377,102 43,817,619 48,626,371 49,410,010
Balance Sheet Items Counting Year 2015 Year 2016 Year 2017 Year 2018 Assets Money and its equivalents Current assets Money and its equivalents 1 13,716,517 17,544,076 15,431,422 15,997,688 Short-term financial instruments 2 10,764,546 16,243,056 34,798,353 39,602,713 Available-for-sale financial assets 3 612,426 1,175,309 1,410,525 3,122,255 A/R 4 22,549,741 24,903,927 26,415,175 26,821,018 Advances 5 1,340,947 1,563,279 1,827,147 1,889,874 Prepaid expenses 6 2,174,832 2,112,066 2,343,362 3,179,057 Inventory 7 14,673,434 16,569,333 18,132,160 16,450,560 Assets held for sale 8 0 0 2,574,370 613,177 Other current assets 9 923,288 1,365,023 2,023,680 1,705,275 Total current assets 10 66,755,731 81,476,069 104,956,194 109,381,617 Non-current assets Available-for-sale financial assets 11 3,009,614 4,882,060 5,911,475 12,033,351 Investments in other enterprises (j.v) 12 8,593,193 8,202,305 6,085,750 4,970,515 Land, factories and equipment 13 57,925,451 63,938,701 71,540,214 76,824,309 Intangible assets 14 3,132,514 3,482,126 3,772,008 4,545,904 deposits 15 739,299 760,613 0 0 Prepayment of long-term expenses 16 3,224,914 3,282,120 3,284,168 4,613,970 Income tax prepayment (profit) 17 1,664,724 2,349,062 4,379,589 4,299,986 Other fixed assets 18 412,746 678,919 2,927,627 2,217,933 Total non-current assets 19 78,702,455 87,575,906 87,309,447 98,374,079 TOTAL PROPERTY 20 145,458,186 169,051,975 192,265,641 207,755,696 Liabilities and Capital Short-term liabilities ACCOUNTS PAYABLE 21 17,280,823 15,768,229 16,709,661 7,518,480 Short-term loans 22 9,012,904 7,883,253 6,101,125 7,627,338 Unearned income 23 1,354,433 1,416,928 1,616,899 1,355,780 Withholding tax 24 1,601,223 902,226 1,114,419 1,103,482 Accrual costs 25 7,304,386 8,864,864 10,750,052 12,232,143 Profit tax payable 26 1,178,973 3,008,994 3,208,583 2,052,920 Loans and bonds 27 0 0 2,298,712 1,689,624 Current installment of long-term loans 28 28,281 932,695 0 0 Provisions 29 3,281,240 4,719,310 6,383,470 5,691,565 Liabilities held for sale 30 0 0 0 26,898 Other short-term liabilities 31 334,839 321,120 443,450 10,111,780 Total current liabilities 32 41,377,102 43,817,619 48,626,371 49,410,010| Balance Sheet Items | Counting | Year 2015 | Year 2016 | Year 2017 | Year 2018 | | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | | Assets | | | | | | | Money and its equivalents Current assets | | | | | | | Money and its equivalents | 1 | 13,716,517 | 17,544,076 | 15,431,422 | 15,997,688 | | Short-term financial instruments | 2 | 10,764,546 | 16,243,056 | 34,798,353 | 39,602,713 | | Available-for-sale financial assets | 3 | 612,426 | 1,175,309 | 1,410,525 | 3,122,255 | | A/R | 4 | 22,549,741 | 24,903,927 | 26,415,175 | 26,821,018 | | Advances | 5 | 1,340,947 | 1,563,279 | 1,827,147 | 1,889,874 | | Prepaid expenses | 6 | 2,174,832 | 2,112,066 | 2,343,362 | 3,179,057 | | Inventory | 7 | 14,673,434 | 16,569,333 | 18,132,160 | 16,450,560 | | Assets held for sale | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2,574,370 | 613,177 | | Other current assets | 9 | 923,288 | 1,365,023 | 2,023,680 | 1,705,275 | | Total current assets | 10 | 66,755,731 | 81,476,069 | 104,956,194 | 109,381,617 | | Non-current assets | | | | | | | Available-for-sale financial assets | 11 | 3,009,614 | 4,882,060 | 5,911,475 | 12,033,351 | | Investments in other enterprises (j.v) | 12 | 8,593,193 | 8,202,305 | 6,085,750 | 4,970,515 | | Land, factories and equipment | 13 | 57,925,451 | 63,938,701 | 71,540,214 | 76,824,309 | | Intangible assets | 14 | 3,132,514 | 3,482,126 | 3,772,008 | 4,545,904 | | deposits | 15 | 739,299 | 760,613 | 0 | 0 | | Prepayment of long-term expenses | 16 | 3,224,914 | 3,282,120 | 3,284,168 | 4,613,970 | | Income tax prepayment (profit) | 17 | 1,664,724 | 2,349,062 | 4,379,589 | 4,299,986 | | Other fixed assets | 18 | 412,746 | 678,919 | 2,927,627 | 2,217,933 | | Total non-current assets | 19 | 78,702,455 | 87,575,906 | 87,309,447 | 98,374,079 | | TOTAL PROPERTY | 20 | 145,458,186 | 169,051,975 | 192,265,641 | 207,755,696 | | Liabilities and Capital | | | | | | | Short-term liabilities | | | | | | | ACCOUNTS PAYABLE | 21 | 17,280,823 | 15,768,229 | 16,709,661 | 7,518,480 | | Short-term loans | 22 | 9,012,904 | 7,883,253 | 6,101,125 | 7,627,338 | | Unearned income | 23 | 1,354,433 | 1,416,928 | 1,616,899 | 1,355,780 | | Withholding tax | 24 | 1,601,223 | 902,226 | 1,114,419 | 1,103,482 | | Accrual costs | 25 | 7,304,386 | 8,864,864 | 10,750,052 | 12,232,143 | | Profit tax payable | 26 | 1,178,973 | 3,008,994 | 3,208,583 | 2,052,920 | | Loans and bonds | 27 | 0 | 0 | 2,298,712 | 1,689,624 | | Current installment of long-term loans | 28 | 28,281 | 932,695 | 0 | 0 | | Provisions | 29 | 3,281,240 | 4,719,310 | 6,383,470 | 5,691,565 | | Liabilities held for sale | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26,898 | | Other short-term liabilities | 31 | 334,839 | 321,120 | 443,450 | 10,111,780 | | Total current liabilities | 32 | 41,377,102 | 43,817,619 | 48,626,371 | 49,410,010 |
  长期负债
3 3 3 3 33\mathbf{3 3} 0 0 1 , 242 , 365 1 , 242 , 365 1,242,3651,242,365 1 , 288 , 004 1 , 288 , 004 1,288,0041,288,004
  长期贷款 3 4 3 4 34\mathbf{3 4} 1 , 195 , 149 1 , 195 , 149 1,195,1491,195,149 1 , 707 , 940 1 , 707 , 940 1,707,9401,707,940 933,495 96,581
  应付负债 3 5 3 5 35\mathbf{3 5} 956,777 1 , 088 , 489 1 , 088 , 489 1,088,4891,088,489 998,537 2 , 433 , 999 2 , 433 , 999 2,433,9992,433,999

净确定福利义务
3 6 3 6 36\mathbf{3 6} 0 0 1 , 757 , 701 1 , 757 , 701 1,757,7011,757,701 191,262

负债 其他无担保长期债券
3 7 3 7 37\mathbf{3 7} 3 , 438 , 028 3 , 438 , 028 3,438,0283,438,028 3 , 382 , 530 3 , 382 , 530 3,382,5303,382,530 0 0
  养老金负债 3 8 3 8 38\mathbf{3 8} 1 , 044 , 896 1 , 044 , 896 1,044,8961,044,896 1 , 615 , 105 1 , 615 , 105 1,615,1051,615,105 0 0

应付利润税(所得税)
3 9 3 9 39\mathbf{3 9} 2 , 178 , 547 2 , 178 , 547 2,178,5472,178,547 3 , 201 , 818 3 , 201 , 818 3,201,8183,201,818 5 , 697 , 310 5 , 697 , 310 5,697,3105,697,310 3 , 892 , 667 3 , 892 , 667 3,892,6673,892,667
  条款 4 0 4 0 40\mathbf{4 0} 339,112 381,411 436,771 474,295

其他长期负债
4 1 4 1 41\mathbf{4 1} 340,180 440,757 1 , 009 , 628 1 , 009 , 628 1,009,6281,009,628 1 , 427 , 368 1 , 427 , 368 1,427,3681,427,368
  总义务 4 3 4 3 43\mathbf{4 3} 5 0 , 8 6 9 , 7 9 1 5 0 , 8 6 9 , 7 9 1 50,869,791\mathbf{5 0 , 8 6 9 , 7 9 1} 5 5 , 6 3 5 , 6 6 9 5 5 , 6 3 5 , 6 6 9 55,635,669\mathbf{5 5 , 6 3 5 , 6 6 9} 6 0 , 7 0 2 , 1 7 8 6 0 , 7 0 2 , 1 7 8 60,702,178\mathbf{6 0 , 7 0 2 , 1 7 8} 5 9 , 2 1 4 , 1 8 6 5 9 , 2 1 4 , 1 8 6 59,214,186\mathbf{5 9 , 2 1 4 , 1 8 6}
  股权
  普通股 4 5 4 5 45\mathbf{4 5} 726,400 726,400 737,276 739,097
  股票溢价 4 6 4 6 46\mathbf{4 6} 4 , 111 , 561 4 , 111 , 561 4,111,5614,111,561 4 , 111 , 561 4 , 111 , 561 4,111,5614,111,561 4 , 173 , 119 4 , 173 , 119 4,173,1194,173,119 4 , 183 , 426 4 , 183 , 426 4,183,4264,183,426
  留存收益 4 7 4 7 47\mathbf{4 7} 91 , 142 , 630 91 , 142 , 630 91,142,63091,142,630 112 , 020 , 996 112 , 020 , 996 112,020,996112,020,996 140 , 813 , 307 140 , 813 , 307 140,813,307140,813,307 161 , 042 , 656 161 , 042 , 656 161,042,656161,042,656
  其他储备 4 8 4 8 48\mathbf{4 8} 5 , 446 , 639 5 , 446 , 639 -5,446,639-5,446,639 7 , 649 , 185 7 , 649 , 185 -7,649,185-7,649,185 8 , 963 , 398 8 , 963 , 398 -8,963,398-8,963,398 12 , 092 , 132 12 , 092 , 132 -12,092,132-12,092,132

其他综合收益
4 9 4 9 49\mathbf{4 9} 0 0 76,091
  失控的兴趣 5 0 5 0 50\mathbf{5 0} 3 , 942 , 906 3 , 942 , 906 3,942,9063,942,906 4 , 094 , 997 4 , 094 , 997 4,094,9974,094,997 5 , 281 , 336 5 , 281 , 336 5,281,3365,281,336 5 , 610 , 775 5 , 610 , 775 5,610,7755,610,775
EQUITY 5 1 5 1 51\mathbf{5 1} 9 4 , 5 8 8 , 3 9 5 9 4 , 5 8 8 , 3 9 5 94,588,395\mathbf{9 4 , 5 8 8 , 3 9 5} 1 1 3 , 4 1 6 , 3 0 6 1 1 3 , 4 1 6 , 3 0 6 113,416,306\mathbf{1 1 3 , 4 1 6 , 3 0 6} 1 4 2 , 1 5 4 , 8 4 7 1 4 2 , 1 5 4 , 8 4 7 142,154,847\mathbf{1 4 2 , 1 5 4 , 8 4 7} 1 5 9 , 6 7 3 , 3 9 9 1 5 9 , 6 7 3 , 3 9 9 159,673,399\mathbf{1 5 9 , 6 7 3 , 3 9 9}
  优先股 4 4 4 4 44\mathbf{4 4} 111,537 111,537 113,207 113,486

总长期负债
4 2 4 2 42\mathbf{4 2} 8 , 2 9 7 , 5 4 0 8 , 2 9 7 , 5 4 0 8,297,540\mathbf{8 , 2 9 7 , 5 4 0} 1 0 , 1 1 0 , 1 1 0 1 0 , 1 1 0 , 1 1 0 10,110,110\mathbf{1 0 , 1 1 0 , 1 1 0} 1 2 , 0 7 5 , 8 0 7 1 2 , 0 7 5 , 8 0 7 12,075,807\mathbf{1 2 , 0 7 5 , 8 0 7} 9 , 8 0 4 , 1 7 6 9 , 8 0 4 , 1 7 6 9,804,176\mathbf{9 , 8 0 4 , 1 7 6}

总负债和资本
5 2 5 2 52\mathbf{5 2} 1 4 5 , 4 5 8 , 1 8 6 1 4 5 , 4 5 8 , 1 8 6 145,458,186\mathbf{1 4 5 , 4 5 8 , 1 8 6} 1 6 9 , 0 5 1 , 9 7 5 1 6 9 , 0 5 1 , 9 7 5 169,051,975\mathbf{1 6 9 , 0 5 1 , 9 7 5} 2 0 2 , 8 5 7 , 0 2 5 2 0 2 , 8 5 7 , 0 2 5 202,857,025\mathbf{2 0 2 , 8 5 7 , 0 2 5} 2 1 8 , 8 8 7 , 5 8 5 2 1 8 , 8 8 7 , 5 8 5 218,887,585\mathbf{2 1 8 , 8 8 7 , 5 8 5}
Long-term liabilities 33 0 0 1,242,365 1,288,004 Long-term loans 34 1,195,149 1,707,940 933,495 96,581 LIABILITIES PAYABLE 35 956,777 1,088,489 998,537 2,433,999 Net defined benefit obligations 36 0 0 1,757,701 191,262 Liabilities Other unsecured long-term bonds 37 3,438,028 3,382,530 0 0 Pension liability 38 1,044,896 1,615,105 0 0 Profit tax (income) payable 39 2,178,547 3,201,818 5,697,310 3,892,667 Provisions 40 339,112 381,411 436,771 474,295 Other long-term liabilities 41 340,180 440,757 1,009,628 1,427,368 TOTAL OBLIGATIONS 43 50,869,791 55,635,669 60,702,178 59,214,186 Equity Ordinary shares 45 726,400 726,400 737,276 739,097 Premium from shares 46 4,111,561 4,111,561 4,173,119 4,183,426 Retained earnings 47 91,142,630 112,020,996 140,813,307 161,042,656 Other reserves 48 -5,446,639 -7,649,185 -8,963,398 -12,092,132 Other comprehensive income 49 0 0 76,091 Uncontrolled interest 50 3,942,906 4,094,997 5,281,336 5,610,775 EQUITY 51 94,588,395 113,416,306 142,154,847 159,673,399 Preferential shares 44 111,537 111,537 113,207 113,486 Total long-term liabilities 42 8,297,540 10,110,110 12,075,807 9,804,176 Total liabilities and capital 52 145,458,186 169,051,975 202,857,025 218,887,585| Long-term liabilities | | | | | | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | | $\mathbf{3 3}$ | 0 | 0 | $1,242,365$ | $1,288,004$ | | Long-term loans | $\mathbf{3 4}$ | $1,195,149$ | $1,707,940$ | 933,495 | 96,581 | | LIABILITIES PAYABLE | $\mathbf{3 5}$ | 956,777 | $1,088,489$ | 998,537 | $2,433,999$ | | Net defined benefit obligations | $\mathbf{3 6}$ | 0 | 0 | $1,757,701$ | 191,262 | | Liabilities Other unsecured long-term bonds | $\mathbf{3 7}$ | $3,438,028$ | $3,382,530$ | 0 | 0 | | Pension liability | $\mathbf{3 8}$ | $1,044,896$ | $1,615,105$ | 0 | 0 | | Profit tax (income) payable | $\mathbf{3 9}$ | $2,178,547$ | $3,201,818$ | $5,697,310$ | $3,892,667$ | | Provisions | $\mathbf{4 0}$ | 339,112 | 381,411 | 436,771 | 474,295 | | Other long-term liabilities | $\mathbf{4 1}$ | 340,180 | 440,757 | $1,009,628$ | $1,427,368$ | | TOTAL OBLIGATIONS | $\mathbf{4 3}$ | $\mathbf{5 0 , 8 6 9 , 7 9 1}$ | $\mathbf{5 5 , 6 3 5 , 6 6 9}$ | $\mathbf{6 0 , 7 0 2 , 1 7 8}$ | $\mathbf{5 9 , 2 1 4 , 1 8 6}$ | | Equity | | | | | | | Ordinary shares | $\mathbf{4 5}$ | 726,400 | 726,400 | 737,276 | 739,097 | | Premium from shares | $\mathbf{4 6}$ | $4,111,561$ | $4,111,561$ | $4,173,119$ | $4,183,426$ | | Retained earnings | $\mathbf{4 7}$ | $91,142,630$ | $112,020,996$ | $140,813,307$ | $161,042,656$ | | Other reserves | $\mathbf{4 8}$ | $-5,446,639$ | $-7,649,185$ | $-8,963,398$ | $-12,092,132$ | | Other comprehensive income | $\mathbf{4 9}$ | 0 | 0 | | 76,091 | | Uncontrolled interest | $\mathbf{5 0}$ | $3,942,906$ | $4,094,997$ | $5,281,336$ | $5,610,775$ | | EQUITY | $\mathbf{5 1}$ | $\mathbf{9 4 , 5 8 8 , 3 9 5}$ | $\mathbf{1 1 3 , 4 1 6 , 3 0 6}$ | $\mathbf{1 4 2 , 1 5 4 , 8 4 7}$ | $\mathbf{1 5 9 , 6 7 3 , 3 9 9}$ | | Preferential shares | $\mathbf{4 4}$ | 111,537 | 111,537 | 113,207 | 113,486 | | Total long-term liabilities | $\mathbf{4 2}$ | $\mathbf{8 , 2 9 7 , 5 4 0}$ | $\mathbf{1 0 , 1 1 0 , 1 1 0}$ | $\mathbf{1 2 , 0 7 5 , 8 0 7}$ | $\mathbf{9 , 8 0 4 , 1 7 6}$ | | Total liabilities and capital | $\mathbf{5 2}$ | $\mathbf{1 4 5 , 4 5 8 , 1 8 6}$ | $\mathbf{1 6 9 , 0 5 1 , 9 7 5}$ | $\mathbf{2 0 2 , 8 5 7 , 0 2 5}$ | $\mathbf{2 1 8 , 8 8 7 , 5 8 5}$ |

图表 1. 三星资产负债表


4.2 收入和支出报表


表 1. 2018 年之前的收入和支出报表
ITEMS   计数   2015 年   2016 年   2017 年   2018 年
  销售收入 5 3 5 3 53\mathbf{5 3} 1 5 4 , 0 4 8 , 8 9 5 1 5 4 , 0 4 8 , 8 9 5 154,048,895\mathbf{1 5 4 , 0 4 8 , 8 9 5} 1 8 7 , 7 5 4 , 2 8 3 1 8 7 , 7 5 4 , 2 8 3 187,754,283\mathbf{1 8 7 , 7 5 4 , 2 8 3} 2 1 6 , 7 0 8 , 6 7 7 2 1 6 , 7 0 8 , 6 7 7 216,708,677\mathbf{2 1 6 , 7 0 8 , 6 7 7} 1 9 5 , 8 8 2 , 9 5 5 1 9 5 , 8 8 2 , 9 5 5 195,882,955\mathbf{1 9 5 , 8 8 2 , 9 5 5}

销售成本
5 4 5 4 54\mathbf{5 4} ( 104 , 700 , 887 ) ( 104 , 700 , 887 ) (104,700,887)(104,700,887) ( 118 , 244 , 730 ) ( 118 , 244 , 730 ) (118,244,730)(118,244,730) ( 130 , 480 , 72 ) ( 130 , 480 , 72 ) (130,480,72)(130,480,72) ( 121 , 856 , 939 ) ( 121 , 856 , 939 ) (121,856,939)(121,856,939)
  毛利润 5 5 5 5 55\mathbf{5 5} 4 9 , 3 4 8 , 0 0 8 4 9 , 3 4 8 , 0 0 8 49,348,008\mathbf{4 9 , 3 4 8 , 0 0 8} 6 9 , 5 0 9 , 5 5 3 6 9 , 5 0 9 , 5 5 3 69,509,553\mathbf{6 9 , 5 0 9 , 5 5 3} 8 6 , 2 2 7 , 9 5 2 8 6 , 2 2 7 , 9 5 2 86,227,952\mathbf{8 6 , 2 2 7 , 9 5 2} 7 4 , 0 2 6 , 0 1 6 7 4 , 0 2 6 , 0 1 6 74,026,016\mathbf{7 4 , 0 2 6 , 0 1 6}
  运营费用 5 6 5 6 56\mathbf{5 6} ( 34 , 742 , 191 ) ( 34 , 742 , 191 ) (34,742,191)(34,742,191) ( 42 , 388 , 520 ) ( 42 , 388 , 520 ) (42,388,520)(42,388,520) ( 51 , 370 , 553 ) ( 51 , 370 , 553 ) (51,370,553)(51,370,553) ( 50 , 253 , 744 ) ( 50 , 253 , 744 ) (50,253,744)(50,253,744)
  营业利润 5 7 5 7 57\mathbf{5 7} 1 4 , 6 0 5 , 8 1 7 1 4 , 6 0 5 , 8 1 7 14,605,817\mathbf{1 4 , 6 0 5 , 8 1 7} 2 7 , 1 2 1 , 0 3 3 2 7 , 1 2 1 , 0 3 3 27,121,033\mathbf{2 7 , 1 2 1 , 0 3 3} 3 4 , 8 5 7 , 3 9 9 3 4 , 8 5 7 , 3 9 9 34,857,399\mathbf{3 4 , 8 5 7 , 3 9 9} 2 3 , 7 7 2 , 2 7 2 2 3 , 7 7 2 , 2 7 2 23,772,272\mathbf{2 3 , 7 7 2 , 2 7 2}
  财务收入 5 8 5 8 58\mathbf{5 8} 1 , 444 , 895 1 , 444 , 895 1,444,8951,444,895 808,215 1 , 469 , 509 1 , 469 , 509 1,469,5091,469,509 2 , 707 , 288 2 , 707 , 288 2,707,2882,707,288
  税前利润 5 9 5 9 59\mathbf{5 9} 1 6 , 0 5 0 , 7 1 2 1 6 , 0 5 0 , 7 1 2 16,050,712\mathbf{1 6 , 0 5 0 , 7 1 2} 2 7 , 9 2 9 , 2 4 8 2 7 , 9 2 9 , 2 4 8 27,929,248\mathbf{2 7 , 9 2 9 , 2 4 8} 3 6 , 3 5 3 , 9 0 8 3 6 , 3 5 3 , 9 0 8 36,353,908\mathbf{3 6 , 3 5 3 , 9 0 8} 2 6 , 4 7 9 , 5 6 0 2 6 , 4 7 9 , 5 6 0 26,479,560\mathbf{2 6 , 4 7 9 , 5 6 0}
  所得税费用 6 0 6 0 60\mathbf{6 0} ( 3 , 204 , 999 ) ( 3 , 204 , 999 ) (3,204,999)(3,204,999) ( 5 , 666 , 822 ) ( 5 , 666 , 822 ) (5,666,822)(5,666,822) ( 7 , 4 7 6 , 0 8 7 ) ( 7 , 4 7 6 , 0 8 7 ) (7,476,087)\mathbf{( 7 , 4 7 6 , 0 8 7 )} ( 4 , 256 , 366 ) ( 4 , 256 , 366 ) (4,256,366)(4,256,366)

本年度利润
6 1 6 1 61\mathbf{6 1} 1 2 , 8 4 5 , 7 1 3 1 2 , 8 4 5 , 7 1 3 12,845,713\mathbf{1 2 , 8 4 5 , 7 1 3} 2 2 , 2 6 2 , 4 2 6 2 2 , 2 6 2 , 4 2 6 22,262,426\mathbf{2 2 , 2 6 2 , 4 2 6} 2 8 , 8 7 7 , 8 2 1 2 8 , 8 7 7 , 8 2 1 28,877,821\mathbf{2 8 , 8 7 7 , 8 2 1} 2 2 , 2 2 3 , 1 9 4 2 2 , 2 2 3 , 1 9 4 22,223,194\mathbf{2 2 , 2 2 3 , 1 9 4}
ITEMS Counting Year 2015 Year 2016 Year 2017 Year 2018 Revenues from sales 53 154,048,895 187,754,283 216,708,677 195,882,955 Cost of goods sold 54 (104,700,887) (118,244,730) (130,480,72) (121,856,939) Gross Profit 55 49,348,008 69,509,553 86,227,952 74,026,016 Operating expenses 56 (34,742,191) (42,388,520) (51,370,553) (50,253,744) Operating Profit 57 14,605,817 27,121,033 34,857,399 23,772,272 Financial income 58 1,444,895 808,215 1,469,509 2,707,288 Profit before tax 59 16,050,712 27,929,248 36,353,908 26,479,560 Income tax expense 60 (3,204,999) (5,666,822) (7,476,087) (4,256,366) Profit of the year 61 12,845,713 22,262,426 28,877,821 22,223,194| ITEMS | Counting | Year 2015 | Year 2016 | Year 2017 | Year 2018 | | :--- | :--- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | | Revenues from sales | $\mathbf{5 3}$ | $\mathbf{1 5 4 , 0 4 8 , 8 9 5}$ | $\mathbf{1 8 7 , 7 5 4 , 2 8 3}$ | $\mathbf{2 1 6 , 7 0 8 , 6 7 7}$ | $\mathbf{1 9 5 , 8 8 2 , 9 5 5}$ | | Cost of goods sold | $\mathbf{5 4}$ | $(104,700,887)$ | $(118,244,730)$ | $(130,480,72)$ | $(121,856,939)$ | | Gross Profit | $\mathbf{5 5}$ | $\mathbf{4 9 , 3 4 8 , 0 0 8}$ | $\mathbf{6 9 , 5 0 9 , 5 5 3}$ | $\mathbf{8 6 , 2 2 7 , 9 5 2}$ | $\mathbf{7 4 , 0 2 6 , 0 1 6}$ | | Operating expenses | $\mathbf{5 6}$ | $(34,742,191)$ | $(42,388,520)$ | $(51,370,553)$ | $(50,253,744)$ | | Operating Profit | $\mathbf{5 7}$ | $\mathbf{1 4 , 6 0 5 , 8 1 7}$ | $\mathbf{2 7 , 1 2 1 , 0 3 3}$ | $\mathbf{3 4 , 8 5 7 , 3 9 9}$ | $\mathbf{2 3 , 7 7 2 , 2 7 2}$ | | Financial income | $\mathbf{5 8}$ | $1,444,895$ | 808,215 | $1,469,509$ | $2,707,288$ | | Profit before tax | $\mathbf{5 9}$ | $\mathbf{1 6 , 0 5 0 , 7 1 2}$ | $\mathbf{2 7 , 9 2 9 , 2 4 8}$ | $\mathbf{3 6 , 3 5 3 , 9 0 8}$ | $\mathbf{2 6 , 4 7 9 , 5 6 0}$ | | Income tax expense | $\mathbf{6 0}$ | $(3,204,999)$ | $(5,666,822)$ | $\mathbf{( 7 , 4 7 6 , 0 8 7 )}$ | $(4,256,366)$ | | Profit of the year | $\mathbf{6 1}$ | $\mathbf{1 2 , 8 4 5 , 7 1 3}$ | $\mathbf{2 2 , 2 6 2 , 4 2 6}$ | $\mathbf{2 8 , 8 7 7 , 8 2 1}$ | $\mathbf{2 2 , 2 2 3 , 1 9 4}$ |


2015-2016 年期间的横向和纵向分析


5.1 2015-2016 年度的横向分析


5.1.1 横向资产负债表分析

表 2. 2015-2016 年度资产负债表的横向分析
  资产负债表
  资产负债表项目   计数   2015 年   2016 年   和 e rr/z % e rr/z

财富(主动比拉科尔)
  流动资产

现金及现金等价物
1 13,716,517 17,544,076 3,827,559 27.9

短期金融工具
2 10,764,546 16,243,056 5,478,510 50.89

可供出售金融资产
3 612,426 1,175,309 562,883 91.91
R/A 4 22,549,741 24,903,927 2,354,186 10.44
  进展 5 1,340,947 1,563,279 222,332 16.58
  预付费用 6 2,174,832 2,112,066 -62,766 -2.89
  库存 7 14,673,434 16,569,333 1,895,899 12.92
  其他流动资产 8 923,288 1,365,023 441,735 47.84
  总流动资产 9 66,755,731 81,476,069 14,720,338 22.05
  非流动资产

可供出售金融资产
10 3,009,614 4,882,060 1,872,446 62.22

对其他企业的投资(合资)
11 8,593,193 8,202,305 -390,888 -4.55

土地、工厂和设备
12 57,925,451 63,938,701 6,013,250 10.38
  无形资产 13 3,132,514 3,482,126 349,612 11.16
  存款 14 739,299 760,613 21,314 2.88

长期费用的预付款
15 3,224,914 3,282,120 57,206 1.77

所得税预缴(利润)
16 1,664,724 2,349,062 684,338 41.11
  其他固定资产 17 412,746 678,919 266,173 64.49

总非流动资产
18 78,702,455 87,575,906 8,873,451 11.27
  总财产 19 145,458,186 169,051,975 23,593,789 13.96
  负债与资本
  短期负债
  应付账款 20 17,280,823 15,768,229 -1,512,594 -8.75
  短期贷款 21 9,012,904 7,883,253 -1,129,651 -12.53
  未赚取收入 22 1,354,433 1,416,928 62,495 4.61
  预扣税 23 1,601,223 902,226 -698,997 -43.65
  应计成本 24 7,304,386 8,864,864 1,560,478 21.36
  应付利润税 25 1,178,973 3,008,994 1,830,021 155.22

长期贷款的当前分期付款
26 28,281 932,695 904,414 3197.96
  条款 27 3,281,240 4,719,310 1,438,070 43.83

其他短期负债
28 334,839 321,120 -13,719 -4.1

总流动负债
29 41,377,102 43,817,619 2,440,517 5.9
  长期负债
Balance Sheet Balance Sheet Items Counting Year 2015 Year 2016 Sum e rr/z % e rr/z Wealth (Active Bilacore) Current assets Cash and cash equivalents 1 13,716,517 17,544,076 3,827,559 27.9 Short-term financial instruments 2 10,764,546 16,243,056 5,478,510 50.89 Available-for-sale financial assets 3 612,426 1,175,309 562,883 91.91 R/A 4 22,549,741 24,903,927 2,354,186 10.44 Advances 5 1,340,947 1,563,279 222,332 16.58 Prepaid expenses 6 2,174,832 2,112,066 -62,766 -2.89 Inventory 7 14,673,434 16,569,333 1,895,899 12.92 Other current assets 8 923,288 1,365,023 441,735 47.84 Total current assets 9 66,755,731 81,476,069 14,720,338 22.05 Non-current assets Available-for-sale financial assets 10 3,009,614 4,882,060 1,872,446 62.22 Investments in other enterprises (j.v.) 11 8,593,193 8,202,305 -390,888 -4.55 Land, factories and equipment 12 57,925,451 63,938,701 6,013,250 10.38 Intangible assets 13 3,132,514 3,482,126 349,612 11.16 deposits 14 739,299 760,613 21,314 2.88 Prepayment of long-term expenses 15 3,224,914 3,282,120 57,206 1.77 Income tax prepayment (profit) 16 1,664,724 2,349,062 684,338 41.11 Other fixed assets 17 412,746 678,919 266,173 64.49 Total non-current assets 18 78,702,455 87,575,906 8,873,451 11.27 TOTAL PROPERTY 19 145,458,186 169,051,975 23,593,789 13.96 Liabilities and Capital Short-term liabilities ACCOUNTS PAYABLE 20 17,280,823 15,768,229 -1,512,594 -8.75 Short-term loans 21 9,012,904 7,883,253 -1,129,651 -12.53 Unearned income 22 1,354,433 1,416,928 62,495 4.61 Withholding tax 23 1,601,223 902,226 -698,997 -43.65 Accrual costs 24 7,304,386 8,864,864 1,560,478 21.36 Profit tax payable 25 1,178,973 3,008,994 1,830,021 155.22 Current installment of long-term loans 26 28,281 932,695 904,414 3197.96 Provisions 27 3,281,240 4,719,310 1,438,070 43.83 Other short-term liabilities 28 334,839 321,120 -13,719 -4.1 Total current liabilities 29 41,377,102 43,817,619 2,440,517 5.9 Long-term liabilities | Balance Sheet | | | | | | | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | | Balance Sheet Items | Counting | Year 2015 | Year 2016 | Sum e rr/z | % e rr/z | | Wealth (Active Bilacore) | | | | | | | Current assets | | | | | | | Cash and cash equivalents | 1 | 13,716,517 | 17,544,076 | 3,827,559 | 27.9 | | Short-term financial instruments | 2 | 10,764,546 | 16,243,056 | 5,478,510 | 50.89 | | Available-for-sale financial assets | 3 | 612,426 | 1,175,309 | 562,883 | 91.91 | | R/A | 4 | 22,549,741 | 24,903,927 | 2,354,186 | 10.44 | | Advances | 5 | 1,340,947 | 1,563,279 | 222,332 | 16.58 | | Prepaid expenses | 6 | 2,174,832 | 2,112,066 | -62,766 | -2.89 | | Inventory | 7 | 14,673,434 | 16,569,333 | 1,895,899 | 12.92 | | Other current assets | 8 | 923,288 | 1,365,023 | 441,735 | 47.84 | | Total current assets | 9 | 66,755,731 | 81,476,069 | 14,720,338 | 22.05 | | Non-current assets | | | | | | | Available-for-sale financial assets | 10 | 3,009,614 | 4,882,060 | 1,872,446 | 62.22 | | Investments in other enterprises (j.v.) | 11 | 8,593,193 | 8,202,305 | -390,888 | -4.55 | | Land, factories and equipment | 12 | 57,925,451 | 63,938,701 | 6,013,250 | 10.38 | | Intangible assets | 13 | 3,132,514 | 3,482,126 | 349,612 | 11.16 | | deposits | 14 | 739,299 | 760,613 | 21,314 | 2.88 | | Prepayment of long-term expenses | 15 | 3,224,914 | 3,282,120 | 57,206 | 1.77 | | Income tax prepayment (profit) | 16 | 1,664,724 | 2,349,062 | 684,338 | 41.11 | | Other fixed assets | 17 | 412,746 | 678,919 | 266,173 | 64.49 | | Total non-current assets | 18 | 78,702,455 | 87,575,906 | 8,873,451 | 11.27 | | TOTAL PROPERTY | 19 | 145,458,186 | 169,051,975 | 23,593,789 | 13.96 | | Liabilities and Capital | | | | | | | Short-term liabilities | | | | | | | ACCOUNTS PAYABLE | 20 | 17,280,823 | 15,768,229 | -1,512,594 | -8.75 | | Short-term loans | 21 | 9,012,904 | 7,883,253 | -1,129,651 | -12.53 | | Unearned income | 22 | 1,354,433 | 1,416,928 | 62,495 | 4.61 | | Withholding tax | 23 | 1,601,223 | 902,226 | -698,997 | -43.65 | | Accrual costs | 24 | 7,304,386 | 8,864,864 | 1,560,478 | 21.36 | | Profit tax payable | 25 | 1,178,973 | 3,008,994 | 1,830,021 | 155.22 | | Current installment of long-term loans | 26 | 28,281 | 932,695 | 904,414 | 3197.96 | | Provisions | 27 | 3,281,240 | 4,719,310 | 1,438,070 | 43.83 | | Other short-term liabilities | 28 | 334,839 | 321,120 | -13,719 | -4.1 | | Total current liabilities | 29 | 41,377,102 | 43,817,619 | 2,440,517 | 5.9 | | Long-term liabilities | | | | | |
  应付负债 3 1 3 1 31\mathbf{3 1} 956,777 1 , 088 , 489 1 , 088 , 489 1,088,4891,088,489 131,712 13.77
  长期贷款 3 2 3 2 32\mathbf{3 2} 1 , 195 , 149 1 , 195 , 149 1,195,1491,195,149 1 , 707 , 940 1 , 707 , 940 1,707,9401,707,940 512,791 42.91

其他长期负债
3 3 3 3 33\mathbf{3 3} 3 , 438 , 028 3 , 438 , 028 3,438,0283,438,028 3 , 382 , 530 3 , 382 , 530 3,382,5303,382,530 55 , 498 55 , 498 -55,498-55,498 -1.61
  养老金负债 3 4 3 4 34\mathbf{3 4} 1 , 044 , 896 1 , 044 , 896 1,044,8961,044,896 1 , 615 , 105 1 , 615 , 105 1,615,1051,615,105 570,209 54.57

应付利润税(所得税)
3 5 3 5 35\mathbf{3 5} 2 , 178 , 547 2 , 178 , 547 2,178,5472,178,547 3 , 201 , 818 3 , 201 , 818 3,201,8183,201,818 1 , 023 , 271 1 , 023 , 271 1,023,2711,023,271 46.97
  条款 3 6 3 6 36\mathbf{3 6} 339,112 381,411 42,299 12.47

其他长期负债
340,180 440,757 100,577 29.57

总长期负债
3 7 3 7 37\mathbf{3 7} 9 , 4 9 2 , 6 8 9 9 , 4 9 2 , 6 8 9 9,492,689\mathbf{9 , 4 9 2 , 6 8 9} 1 1 , 8 1 8 , 0 5 0 1 1 , 8 1 8 , 0 5 0 11,818,050\mathbf{1 1 , 8 1 8 , 0 5 0} 2 , 3 2 5 , 3 6 1 2 , 3 2 5 , 3 6 1 2,325,361\mathbf{2 , 3 2 5 , 3 6 1} 2 4 . 5 2 4 . 5 24.5\mathbf{2 4 . 5}
  总负债 3 8 3 8 38\mathbf{3 8} 5 0 , 8 6 9 , 7 9 1 5 0 , 8 6 9 , 7 9 1 50,869,791\mathbf{5 0 , 8 6 9 , 7 9 1} 5 5 , 6 3 5 , 6 6 9 5 5 , 6 3 5 , 6 6 9 55,635,669\mathbf{5 5 , 6 3 5 , 6 6 9} 4 , 7 6 5 , 8 7 8 4 , 7 6 5 , 8 7 8 4,765,878\mathbf{4 , 7 6 5 , 8 7 8} 9 . 3 7 9 . 3 7 9.37\mathbf{9 . 3 7}
  股权
  优先股 3 9 3 9 39\mathbf{3 9} 111,537 111,537 0 0
  普通股 4 0 4 0 40\mathbf{4 0} 726,400 726,400 0 0
  股票溢价 4 1 4 1 41\mathbf{4 1} 4 , 111 , 561 4 , 111 , 561 4,111,5614,111,561 4 , 111 , 561 4 , 111 , 561 4,111,5614,111,561 0
  留存收益 4 2 4 2 42\mathbf{4 2} 91 , 142 , 630 91 , 142 , 630 91,142,63091,142,630 112 , 020 , 996 112 , 020 , 996 112,020,996112,020,996 20 , 878 , 366 20 , 878 , 366 20,878,36620,878,366 22.91
  其他储备 4 3 4 3 43\mathbf{4 3} 5 , 446 , 639 5 , 446 , 639 -5,446,639-5,446,639 7 , 649 , 185 7 , 649 , 185 -7,649,185-7,649,185 2 , 202 , 546 2 , 202 , 546 -2,202,546-2,202,546 40.44
  失控的兴趣 4 4 4 4 44\mathbf{4 4} 3 , 942 , 906 3 , 942 , 906 3,942,9063,942,906 4 , 094 , 997 4 , 094 , 997 4,094,9974,094,997 152,091 3.86
   T O T A L T O T A L TOTAL\boldsymbol{T O T A L} 股权 4 5 4 5 45\mathbf{4 5} 9 4 , 5 8 8 , 3 9 5 9 4 , 5 8 8 , 3 9 5 94,588,395\mathbf{9 4 , 5 8 8 , 3 9 5} 1 1 3 , 4 1 6 , 3 0 6 1 1 3 , 4 1 6 , 3 0 6 113,416,306\mathbf{1 1 3 , 4 1 6 , 3 0 6} 1 8 , 8 2 7 , 9 1 1 1 8 , 8 2 7 , 9 1 1 18,827,911\mathbf{1 8 , 8 2 7 , 9 1 1} 1 9 . 9 1 1 9 . 9 1 19.91\mathbf{1 9 . 9 1}

总负债和资本
4 6 4 6 46\mathbf{4 6} 1 4 5 , 4 5 8 , 1 8 6 1 4 5 , 4 5 8 , 1 8 6 145,458,186\mathbf{1 4 5 , 4 5 8 , 1 8 6} 1 6 9 , 0 5 1 , 9 7 5 1 6 9 , 0 5 1 , 9 7 5 169,051,975\mathbf{1 6 9 , 0 5 1 , 9 7 5} 2 3 , 5 9 3 , 7 8 9 2 3 , 5 9 3 , 7 8 9 23,593,789\mathbf{2 3 , 5 9 3 , 7 8 9} 1 6 . 2 2 1 6 . 2 2 16.22\mathbf{1 6 . 2 2}
PAYABLE LIABILITIES 31 956,777 1,088,489 131,712 13.77 Long-term loans 32 1,195,149 1,707,940 512,791 42.91 Other long-term liabilities 33 3,438,028 3,382,530 -55,498 -1.61 Pension liability 34 1,044,896 1,615,105 570,209 54.57 Profit tax (income) payable 35 2,178,547 3,201,818 1,023,271 46.97 Provisions 36 339,112 381,411 42,299 12.47 Other long-term liabilities 340,180 440,757 100,577 29.57 Total long-term liabilities 37 9,492,689 11,818,050 2,325,361 24.5 TOTAL LIABILITIES 38 50,869,791 55,635,669 4,765,878 9.37 Equity Preferential shares 39 111,537 111,537 0 0 Ordinary shares 40 726,400 726,400 0 0 Premium from shares 41 4,111,561 4,111,561 0 Retained earnings 42 91,142,630 112,020,996 20,878,366 22.91 Other reserves 43 -5,446,639 -7,649,185 -2,202,546 40.44 Uncontrolled interest 44 3,942,906 4,094,997 152,091 3.86 TOTAL EQUITY 45 94,588,395 113,416,306 18,827,911 19.91 Total liabilities and capital 46 145,458,186 169,051,975 23,593,789 16.22| PAYABLE LIABILITIES | $\mathbf{3 1}$ | 956,777 | $1,088,489$ | 131,712 | 13.77 | | :--- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | | Long-term loans | $\mathbf{3 2}$ | $1,195,149$ | $1,707,940$ | 512,791 | 42.91 | | Other long-term liabilities | $\mathbf{3 3}$ | $3,438,028$ | $3,382,530$ | $-55,498$ | -1.61 | | Pension liability | $\mathbf{3 4}$ | $1,044,896$ | $1,615,105$ | 570,209 | 54.57 | | Profit tax (income) payable | $\mathbf{3 5}$ | $2,178,547$ | $3,201,818$ | $1,023,271$ | 46.97 | | Provisions | $\mathbf{3 6}$ | 339,112 | 381,411 | 42,299 | 12.47 | | Other long-term liabilities | | 340,180 | 440,757 | 100,577 | 29.57 | | Total long-term liabilities | $\mathbf{3 7}$ | $\mathbf{9 , 4 9 2 , 6 8 9}$ | $\mathbf{1 1 , 8 1 8 , 0 5 0}$ | $\mathbf{2 , 3 2 5 , 3 6 1}$ | $\mathbf{2 4 . 5}$ | | TOTAL LIABILITIES | $\mathbf{3 8}$ | $\mathbf{5 0 , 8 6 9 , 7 9 1}$ | $\mathbf{5 5 , 6 3 5 , 6 6 9}$ | $\mathbf{4 , 7 6 5 , 8 7 8}$ | $\mathbf{9 . 3 7}$ | | Equity | | | | | | | Preferential shares | $\mathbf{3 9}$ | 111,537 | 111,537 | 0 | 0 | | Ordinary shares | $\mathbf{4 0}$ | 726,400 | 726,400 | 0 | 0 | | Premium from shares | $\mathbf{4 1}$ | $4,111,561$ | $4,111,561$ | | 0 | | Retained earnings | $\mathbf{4 2}$ | $91,142,630$ | $112,020,996$ | $20,878,366$ | 22.91 | | Other reserves | $\mathbf{4 3}$ | $-5,446,639$ | $-7,649,185$ | $-2,202,546$ | 40.44 | | Uncontrolled interest | $\mathbf{4 4}$ | $3,942,906$ | $4,094,997$ | 152,091 | 3.86 | | $\boldsymbol{T O T A L}$ EQUITY | $\mathbf{4 5}$ | $\mathbf{9 4 , 5 8 8 , 3 9 5}$ | $\mathbf{1 1 3 , 4 1 6 , 3 0 6}$ | $\mathbf{1 8 , 8 2 7 , 9 1 1}$ | $\mathbf{1 9 . 9 1}$ | | Total liabilities and capital | $\mathbf{4 6}$ | $\mathbf{1 4 5 , 4 5 8 , 1 8 6}$ | $\mathbf{1 6 9 , 0 5 1 , 9 7 5}$ | $\mathbf{2 3 , 5 9 3 , 7 8 9}$ | $\mathbf{1 6 . 2 2}$ |

图表 3. 2015 年资产负债表


图表 4. 2016 年资产负债表


图表 5. 2015 年和 2016 年的资产负债表


图 6. 2015-2016 年资产负债表的横向分析


5.1.2 收入和支出表的横向分析


表 3. 2015-2016 年度收入和支出报表的横向分析

收入和支出报表
ITEMS   计数   2015 年   2016 年    r r / z r r / z rr//z\mathbf{~ r r} / \mathbf{z} 的数量    % % %\mathbf{\%} 的 rr/z
  拍摄收入 4 7 4 7 47\mathbf{4 7} 1 5 4 , 0 4 8 , 8 9 5 1 5 4 , 0 4 8 , 8 9 5 154,048,895\mathbf{1 5 4 , 0 4 8 , 8 9 5} 1 8 7 , 7 5 4 , 2 8 3 1 8 7 , 7 5 4 , 2 8 3 187,754,283\mathbf{1 8 7 , 7 5 4 , 2 8 3} 3 3 , 7 0 5 , 3 8 8 3 3 , 7 0 5 , 3 8 8 33,705,388\mathbf{3 3 , 7 0 5 , 3 8 8} 2 1 . 8 8 2 1 . 8 8 21.88\mathbf{2 1 . 8 8}

销售成本
4 8 4 8 48\mathbf{4 8} ( 104 , 700 , 887 ) ( 104 , 700 , 887 ) (104,700,887)(104,700,887) ( 118 , 244 , 730 ) ( 118 , 244 , 730 ) (118,244,730)(118,244,730) ( 13 , 543 , 843 ) ( 13 , 543 , 843 ) (13,543,843)(13,543,843) 12.94
  毛利润 4 9 4 9 49\mathbf{4 9} 4 9 , 3 4 8 , 0 0 8 4 9 , 3 4 8 , 0 0 8 49,348,008\mathbf{4 9 , 3 4 8 , 0 0 8} 6 9 , 5 0 9 , 5 5 3 6 9 , 5 0 9 , 5 5 3 69,509,553\mathbf{6 9 , 5 0 9 , 5 5 3} 20 , 161 , 545 20 , 161 , 545 20,161,54520,161,545 40.86
  运营费用 5 0 5 0 50\mathbf{5 0} ( 34 , 742 , 191 ) ( 34 , 742 , 191 ) (34,742,191)(34,742,191) ( 42 , 388 , 520 ) ( 42 , 388 , 520 ) (42,388,520)(42,388,520) ( 7 , 646 , 329 ) ( 7 , 646 , 329 ) (7,646,329)(7,646,329) 22.01
  营业利润 5 1 5 1 51\mathbf{5 1} 1 4 , 6 0 5 , 8 1 7 1 4 , 6 0 5 , 8 1 7 14,605,817\mathbf{1 4 , 6 0 5 , 8 1 7} 2 7 , 1 2 1 , 0 3 3 2 7 , 1 2 1 , 0 3 3 27,121,033\mathbf{2 7 , 1 2 1 , 0 3 3} 1 2 , 5 1 5 , 2 1 6 1 2 , 5 1 5 , 2 1 6 12,515,216\mathbf{1 2 , 5 1 5 , 2 1 6} 8 5 . 6 9 8 5 . 6 9 85.69\mathbf{8 5 . 6 9}
  财务收入 5 2 5 2 52\mathbf{5 2} 1 , 444 , 895 1 , 444 , 895 1,444,8951,444,895 808,215 ( 636 , 680 ) ( 636 , 680 ) (636,680)(636,680) ( 44.06 ) ( 44.06 ) (44.06)(44.06)
  税前利润 5 3 5 3 53\mathbf{5 3} 1 6 , 0 5 0 , 7 1 2 1 6 , 0 5 0 , 7 1 2 16,050,712\mathbf{1 6 , 0 5 0 , 7 1 2} 2 7 , 9 2 9 , 2 4 8 2 7 , 9 2 9 , 2 4 8 27,929,248\mathbf{2 7 , 9 2 9 , 2 4 8} 1 1 , 8 7 8 , 5 3 6 1 1 , 8 7 8 , 5 3 6 11,878,536\mathbf{1 1 , 8 7 8 , 5 3 6} 7 4 . 0 1 7 4 . 0 1 74.01\mathbf{7 4 . 0 1}
  所得税费用 5 4 5 4 54\mathbf{5 4} ( 3 , 204 , 999 ) ( 3 , 204 , 999 ) (3,204,999)(3,204,999) ( 5 , 666 , 822 ) ( 5 , 666 , 822 ) (5,666,822)(5,666,822) ( 2 , 461 , 823 ) ( 2 , 461 , 823 ) (2,461,823)(2,461,823) 76.81

本年度利润
5 5 5 5 55\mathbf{5 5} 1 2 , 8 4 5 , 7 1 3 1 2 , 8 4 5 , 7 1 3 12,845,713\mathbf{1 2 , 8 4 5 , 7 1 3} 2 2 , 2 6 2 , 4 2 6 2 2 , 2 6 2 , 4 2 6 22,262,426\mathbf{2 2 , 2 6 2 , 4 2 6} 9 , 4 1 6 , 7 1 3 9 , 4 1 6 , 7 1 3 9,416,713\mathbf{9 , 4 1 6 , 7 1 3} 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0.00\mathbf{0 . 0 0}
Income and Expenditure Statement ITEMS Counting Year 2015 Year 2016 Amount of rr//z % of rr/z Revenues from shooting 47 154,048,895 187,754,283 33,705,388 21.88 Cost of goods sold 48 (104,700,887) (118,244,730) (13,543,843) 12.94 Gross Profit 49 49,348,008 69,509,553 20,161,545 40.86 Operating expenses 50 (34,742,191) (42,388,520) (7,646,329) 22.01 Operating Profit 51 14,605,817 27,121,033 12,515,216 85.69 Financial income 52 1,444,895 808,215 (636,680) (44.06) Profit before tax 53 16,050,712 27,929,248 11,878,536 74.01 Income tax expense 54 (3,204,999) (5,666,822) (2,461,823) 76.81 Profit of the year 55 12,845,713 22,262,426 9,416,713 0.00 | Income and Expenditure Statement | | | | | | | | | | | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | | ITEMS | Counting | Year 2015 | Year 2016 | Amount of $\mathbf{~ r r} / \mathbf{z}$ | $\mathbf{\%}$ of rr/z | | | | | | | Revenues from shooting | $\mathbf{4 7}$ | $\mathbf{1 5 4 , 0 4 8 , 8 9 5}$ | $\mathbf{1 8 7 , 7 5 4 , 2 8 3}$ | $\mathbf{3 3 , 7 0 5 , 3 8 8}$ | $\mathbf{2 1 . 8 8}$ | | | | | | | Cost of goods sold | $\mathbf{4 8}$ | $(104,700,887)$ | $(118,244,730)$ | $(13,543,843)$ | 12.94 | | | | | | | Gross Profit | $\mathbf{4 9}$ | $\mathbf{4 9 , 3 4 8 , 0 0 8}$ | $\mathbf{6 9 , 5 0 9 , 5 5 3}$ | $20,161,545$ | 40.86 | | | | | | | Operating expenses | $\mathbf{5 0}$ | $(34,742,191)$ | $(42,388,520)$ | $(7,646,329)$ | 22.01 | | | | | | | Operating Profit | $\mathbf{5 1}$ | $\mathbf{1 4 , 6 0 5 , 8 1 7}$ | $\mathbf{2 7 , 1 2 1 , 0 3 3}$ | $\mathbf{1 2 , 5 1 5 , 2 1 6}$ | $\mathbf{8 5 . 6 9}$ | | | | | | | Financial income | $\mathbf{5 2}$ | $1,444,895$ | 808,215 | $(636,680)$ | $(44.06)$ | | | | | | | Profit before tax | $\mathbf{5 3}$ | $\mathbf{1 6 , 0 5 0 , 7 1 2}$ | $\mathbf{2 7 , 9 2 9 , 2 4 8}$ | $\mathbf{1 1 , 8 7 8 , 5 3 6}$ | $\mathbf{7 4 . 0 1}$ | | | | | | | Income tax expense | $\mathbf{5 4}$ | $(3,204,999)$ | $(5,666,822)$ | $(2,461,823)$ | 76.81 | | | | | | | Profit of the year | $\mathbf{5 5}$ | $\mathbf{1 2 , 8 4 5 , 7 1 3}$ | $\mathbf{2 2 , 2 6 2 , 4 2 6}$ | $\mathbf{9 , 4 1 6 , 7 1 3}$ | $\mathbf{0 . 0 0}$ | | | | | |

5.2 2015-2016 年度的垂直分析


5.2.1 垂直资产负债表分析


表 4. 2015-2016 年资产负债表的垂直分析
  资产负债表
  资产负债表项目   计数   2015 年   2016 年   rr/z 的数量   rr/z 的百分比
Balance Sheet Balance Sheet Items Counting Year 2015 Year 2016 Amount of rr/z % of rr/z | Balance Sheet | | | | | | | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :---: | | Balance Sheet Items | Counting | Year 2015 | Year 2016 | Amount of rr/z | % of rr/z | |
  财富(主动余额)
  流动资产

现金及现金等价物
1 13,716,517 17,544,076 3,827,559 27.9

短期金融工具
2 10,764,546 16,243,056 5,478,510 50.89

可供出售金融资产
3 612,426 1,175,309 562,883 91.91
R/A 4 22,549,741 24,903,927 2,354,186 10.44
  进展 5 1,340,947 1,563,279 222,332 16.58
  预付费用 6 2,174,832 2,112,066 -62,766 -2.89
  库存 7 14,673,434 16,569,333 1,895,899 12.92
  其他流动资产 8 923,288 1,365,023 441,735 47.84
  总流动资产 9 66,755,731 81,476,069 14,720,338 22.05
  非流动资产

可供出售金融资产
10 3,009,614 4,882,060 1,872,446 62.22

对其他企业的投资(合资)
11 8,593,193 8,202,305 -390,888 -4.55

土地、工厂和设备
12 57,925,451 63,938,701 6,013,250 10.38
  无形资产 13 3,132,514 3,482,126 349,612 11.16
  存款 14 739,299 760,613 21,314 2.88

长期费用的预付款
15 3,224,914 3,282,120 57,206 1.77

所得税预缴(利润)
16 1,664,724 2,349,062 684,338 41.11
  其他固定资产 17 412,746 678,919 266,173 64.49

总非流动资产
18 78,702,455 87,575,906 8,873,451 11.27
  总财产 19 145,458,186 169,051,975 23,593,789 13.96
  负债与资本
  短期负债
  应付账款 20 17,280,823 15,768,229 -1,512,594 -8.75
  短期贷款 21 9,012,904 7,883,253 -1,129,651 -12.53
  未赚取收入 22 1,354,433 1,416,928 62,495 4.61
  预扣税 23 1,601,223 902,226 -698,997 -43.65
  应计成本 24 7,304,386 8,864,864 1,560,478 21.36
  应付利润税 25 1,178,973 3,008,994 1,830,021 155.22

长期贷款的当前分期付款
26 28,281 932,695 904,414 3197.96
  条款 27 3,281,240 4,719,310 1,438,070 43.83

其他短期负债
28 334,839 321,120 -13,719 -4.1

总流动负债
29 41,377,102 43,817,619 2,440,517 5.9
  长期负债
  应付负债 31 956,777 1,088,489 131,712 13.77
  长期贷款 32 1,195,149 1,707,940 512,791 42.91

其他长期负债
33 3,438,028 3,382,530 -55,498 -1.61
  养老金负债 34 1,044,896 1,615,105 570,209 54.57

应付利润税(所得税)
35 2,178,547 3,201,818 1,023,271 46.97
  条款 36 339,112 381,411 42,299 12.47

其他长期负债
340,180 440,757 100,577 29.57

总长期负债
37 9,492,689 11,818,050 2,325,361 24.5
  总负债 38 50,869,791 55,635,669 4,765,878 9.37
  股权
  优先股 39 111,537 111,537 0 0
  普通股 40 726,400 726,400 0 0
  股票溢价 41 4,111,561 4,111,561 0 0
  留存收益 42 91,142,630 112,020,996 20,878,366 22.91
  其他储备 43 -5,446,639 -7,649,185 -2,202,546 40.44
  失控的兴趣 44 3,942,906 4,094,997 152,091 3.86
  总权益 45 94,588,395 113,416,306 18,827,911 19.91

总负债和资本
46 145,458,186 169,051,975 23,593,789 16.22
Wealth (Active Balance) Current assets Cash and cash equivalents 1 13,716,517 17,544,076 3,827,559 27.9 Short-term financial instruments 2 10,764,546 16,243,056 5,478,510 50.89 Available-for-sale financial assets 3 612,426 1,175,309 562,883 91.91 R/A 4 22,549,741 24,903,927 2,354,186 10.44 Advances 5 1,340,947 1,563,279 222,332 16.58 Prepaid expenses 6 2,174,832 2,112,066 -62,766 -2.89 Inventory 7 14,673,434 16,569,333 1,895,899 12.92 Other current assets 8 923,288 1,365,023 441,735 47.84 Total current assets 9 66,755,731 81,476,069 14,720,338 22.05 Non-current assets Available-for-sale financial assets 10 3,009,614 4,882,060 1,872,446 62.22 Investments in other enterprises (j.v.) 11 8,593,193 8,202,305 -390,888 -4.55 Land, factories and equipment 12 57,925,451 63,938,701 6,013,250 10.38 Intangible assets 13 3,132,514 3,482,126 349,612 11.16 deposits 14 739,299 760,613 21,314 2.88 Prepayment of long-term expenses 15 3,224,914 3,282,120 57,206 1.77 Income tax prepayment (profit) 16 1,664,724 2,349,062 684,338 41.11 Other fixed assets 17 412,746 678,919 266,173 64.49 Total non-current assets 18 78,702,455 87,575,906 8,873,451 11.27 TOTAL PROPERTY 19 145,458,186 169,051,975 23,593,789 13.96 Liabilities and Capital Short-term liabilities ACCOUNTS PAYABLE 20 17,280,823 15,768,229 -1,512,594 -8.75 Short-term loans 21 9,012,904 7,883,253 -1,129,651 -12.53 Unearned income 22 1,354,433 1,416,928 62,495 4.61 Withholding tax 23 1,601,223 902,226 -698,997 -43.65 Accrual costs 24 7,304,386 8,864,864 1,560,478 21.36 Profit tax payable 25 1,178,973 3,008,994 1,830,021 155.22 Current installment of long-term loans 26 28,281 932,695 904,414 3197.96 Provisions 27 3,281,240 4,719,310 1,438,070 43.83 Other short-term liabilities 28 334,839 321,120 -13,719 -4.1 Total current liabilities 29 41,377,102 43,817,619 2,440,517 5.9 Long-term liabilities PAYABLE LIABILITIES 31 956,777 1,088,489 131,712 13.77 Long-term loans 32 1,195,149 1,707,940 512,791 42.91 Other long-term liabilities 33 3,438,028 3,382,530 -55,498 -1.61 Pension liability 34 1,044,896 1,615,105 570,209 54.57 Profit tax (income) payable 35 2,178,547 3,201,818 1,023,271 46.97 Provisions 36 339,112 381,411 42,299 12.47 Other long-term liabilities 340,180 440,757 100,577 29.57 Total long-term liabilities 37 9,492,689 11,818,050 2,325,361 24.5 TOTAL LIABILITIES 38 50,869,791 55,635,669 4,765,878 9.37 Equity Preferential shares 39 111,537 111,537 0 0 Ordinary shares 40 726,400 726,400 0 0 Premium from shares 41 4,111,561 4,111,561 0 0 Retained earnings 42 91,142,630 112,020,996 20,878,366 22.91 Other reserves 43 -5,446,639 -7,649,185 -2,202,546 40.44 Uncontrolled interest 44 3,942,906 4,094,997 152,091 3.86 TOTAL EQUITY 45 94,588,395 113,416,306 18,827,911 19.91 Total liabilities and capital 46 145,458,186 169,051,975 23,593,789 16.22| Wealth (Active Balance) | | | | | | | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | | Current assets | | | | | | | Cash and cash equivalents | 1 | 13,716,517 | 17,544,076 | 3,827,559 | 27.9 | | Short-term financial instruments | 2 | 10,764,546 | 16,243,056 | 5,478,510 | 50.89 | | Available-for-sale financial assets | 3 | 612,426 | 1,175,309 | 562,883 | 91.91 | | R/A | 4 | 22,549,741 | 24,903,927 | 2,354,186 | 10.44 | | Advances | 5 | 1,340,947 | 1,563,279 | 222,332 | 16.58 | | Prepaid expenses | 6 | 2,174,832 | 2,112,066 | -62,766 | -2.89 | | Inventory | 7 | 14,673,434 | 16,569,333 | 1,895,899 | 12.92 | | Other current assets | 8 | 923,288 | 1,365,023 | 441,735 | 47.84 | | Total current assets | 9 | 66,755,731 | 81,476,069 | 14,720,338 | 22.05 | | Non-current assets | | | | | | | Available-for-sale financial assets | 10 | 3,009,614 | 4,882,060 | 1,872,446 | 62.22 | | Investments in other enterprises (j.v.) | 11 | 8,593,193 | 8,202,305 | -390,888 | -4.55 | | Land, factories and equipment | 12 | 57,925,451 | 63,938,701 | 6,013,250 | 10.38 | | Intangible assets | 13 | 3,132,514 | 3,482,126 | 349,612 | 11.16 | | deposits | 14 | 739,299 | 760,613 | 21,314 | 2.88 | | Prepayment of long-term expenses | 15 | 3,224,914 | 3,282,120 | 57,206 | 1.77 | | Income tax prepayment (profit) | 16 | 1,664,724 | 2,349,062 | 684,338 | 41.11 | | Other fixed assets | 17 | 412,746 | 678,919 | 266,173 | 64.49 | | Total non-current assets | 18 | 78,702,455 | 87,575,906 | 8,873,451 | 11.27 | | TOTAL PROPERTY | 19 | 145,458,186 | 169,051,975 | 23,593,789 | 13.96 | | Liabilities and Capital | | | | | | | Short-term liabilities | | | | | | | ACCOUNTS PAYABLE | 20 | 17,280,823 | 15,768,229 | -1,512,594 | -8.75 | | Short-term loans | 21 | 9,012,904 | 7,883,253 | -1,129,651 | -12.53 | | Unearned income | 22 | 1,354,433 | 1,416,928 | 62,495 | 4.61 | | Withholding tax | 23 | 1,601,223 | 902,226 | -698,997 | -43.65 | | Accrual costs | 24 | 7,304,386 | 8,864,864 | 1,560,478 | 21.36 | | Profit tax payable | 25 | 1,178,973 | 3,008,994 | 1,830,021 | 155.22 | | Current installment of long-term loans | 26 | 28,281 | 932,695 | 904,414 | 3197.96 | | Provisions | 27 | 3,281,240 | 4,719,310 | 1,438,070 | 43.83 | | Other short-term liabilities | 28 | 334,839 | 321,120 | -13,719 | -4.1 | | Total current liabilities | 29 | 41,377,102 | 43,817,619 | 2,440,517 | 5.9 | | Long-term liabilities | | | | | | | PAYABLE LIABILITIES | 31 | 956,777 | 1,088,489 | 131,712 | 13.77 | | Long-term loans | 32 | 1,195,149 | 1,707,940 | 512,791 | 42.91 | | Other long-term liabilities | 33 | 3,438,028 | 3,382,530 | -55,498 | -1.61 | | Pension liability | 34 | 1,044,896 | 1,615,105 | 570,209 | 54.57 | | Profit tax (income) payable | 35 | 2,178,547 | 3,201,818 | 1,023,271 | 46.97 | | Provisions | 36 | 339,112 | 381,411 | 42,299 | 12.47 | | Other long-term liabilities | | 340,180 | 440,757 | 100,577 | 29.57 | | Total long-term liabilities | 37 | 9,492,689 | 11,818,050 | 2,325,361 | 24.5 | | TOTAL LIABILITIES | 38 | 50,869,791 | 55,635,669 | 4,765,878 | 9.37 | | Equity | | | | | | | Preferential shares | 39 | 111,537 | 111,537 | 0 | 0 | | Ordinary shares | 40 | 726,400 | 726,400 | 0 | 0 | | Premium from shares | 41 | 4,111,561 | 4,111,561 | 0 | 0 | | Retained earnings | 42 | 91,142,630 | 112,020,996 | 20,878,366 | 22.91 | | Other reserves | 43 | -5,446,639 | -7,649,185 | -2,202,546 | 40.44 | | Uncontrolled interest | 44 | 3,942,906 | 4,094,997 | 152,091 | 3.86 | | TOTAL EQUITY | 45 | 94,588,395 | 113,416,306 | 18,827,911 | 19.91 | | Total liabilities and capital | 46 | 145,458,186 | 169,051,975 | 23,593,789 | 16.22 |

图表 9. 资产、负债和资本的增长百分比 2015


图表 10. 资产、负债和资本的百分比增长 2016 年


5.2.2 SIE 的垂直分析


表 5. 2015-2016 年收入报表的纵向和横向分析
  损益表
  声音   计数 % % %\mathbf{\%} % % %\mathbf{\%}
  销售收入 2 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 100.00\mathbf{1 0 0 . 0 0} 1 0 0 1 0 0 100\mathbf{1 0 0}

销售成本
3 ( 67.97 ) ( 67.97 ) (67.97)(67.97) ( 62.98 ) ( 62.98 ) (62.98)(62.98)
  毛利润 4 3 2 . 0 3 3 2 . 0 3 32.03\mathbf{3 2 . 0 3} 3 7 . 0 2 3 7 . 0 2 37.02\mathbf{3 7 . 0 2}
  运营费用 5 ( 22.55 ) ( 22.55 ) (22.55)(22.55) ( 22.58 ) ( 22.58 ) (22.58)(22.58)
  营业利润 6 9 . 4 8 9 . 4 8 9.48\mathbf{9 . 4 8} 1 4 . 4 4 1 4 . 4 4 14.44\mathbf{1 4 . 4 4}
  财务收入 7 0.94 0.43
  税前利润 8 1 0 . 4 2 1 0 . 4 2 10.42\mathbf{1 0 . 4 2} 1 4 . 8 8 1 4 . 8 8 14.88\mathbf{1 4 . 8 8}
  所得税费用 9 ( 2.08 ) ( 2.08 ) (2.08)(2.08) ( 3.02 ) ( 3.02 ) (3.02)(3.02)

本年度利润
8 . 3 4 8 . 3 4 8.34\mathbf{8 . 3 4} 1 1 . 8 6 1 1 . 8 6 11.86\mathbf{1 1 . 8 6}
Income statement Voices Counting % % Revenues from sales 2 100.00 100 Cost of goods sold 3 (67.97) (62.98) Gross Profit 4 32.03 37.02 Operating expenses 5 (22.55) (22.58) Operating Profit 6 9.48 14.44 Financial income 7 0.94 0.43 Profit before tax 8 10.42 14.88 Income tax expense 9 (2.08) (3.02) Profit of the year 8.34 11.86| Income statement | | | | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | Voices | Counting | $\mathbf{\%}$ | $\mathbf{\%}$ | | Revenues from sales | 2 | $\mathbf{1 0 0 . 0 0}$ | $\mathbf{1 0 0}$ | | Cost of goods sold | 3 | $(67.97)$ | $(62.98)$ | | Gross Profit | 4 | $\mathbf{3 2 . 0 3}$ | $\mathbf{3 7 . 0 2}$ | | Operating expenses | 5 | $(22.55)$ | $(22.58)$ | | Operating Profit | 6 | $\mathbf{9 . 4 8}$ | $\mathbf{1 4 . 4 4}$ | | Financial income | 7 | 0.94 | 0.43 | | Profit before tax | 8 | $\mathbf{1 0 . 4 2}$ | $\mathbf{1 4 . 8 8}$ | | Income tax expense | 9 | $(2.08)$ | $(3.02)$ | | Profit of the year | | $\mathbf{8 . 3 4}$ | $\mathbf{1 1 . 8 6}$ |

图 11. 2015 年收入和支出报表的纵向和横向分析


图表 12. 2016 年收入和支出报表的纵向和横向分析


2017-2018 年期间的横向和纵向分析


6.1 2017-2018 年度的横向分析


6.1.1 横向资产负债表分析

表 6. 2017-2018 年期间资产负债表的横向分析
  资产负债表
  资产负债表项目   计数   2017 年   2018 年
rr/z 的总和
%ofrr/z
  资产
  流动资产

货币及其等价物
1 1 1\mathbf{1} 15 , 431 , 422 15 , 431 , 422 15,431,42215,431,422 15 , 997 , 688 15 , 997 , 688 15,997,68815,997,688 566,266 3.67

短期金融工具
2 2 2\mathbf{2} 34 , 798 , 353 34 , 798 , 353 34,798,35334,798,353 39 , 602 , 713 39 , 602 , 713 39,602,71339,602,713 4 , 804 , 360 4 , 804 , 360 4,804,3604,804,360 13.81

可供出售金融资产
3 3 3\mathbf{3} 1 , 410 , 525 1 , 410 , 525 1,410,5251,410,525 3 , 122 , 255 3 , 122 , 255 3,122,2553,122,255 1 , 711 , 730 1 , 711 , 730 1,711,7301,711,730 121.35
  应收账款 4 4 4\mathbf{4} 26 , 415 , 175 26 , 415 , 175 26,415,17526,415,175 26 , 821 , 018 26 , 821 , 018 26,821,01826,821,018 ( 405 , 843 ) ( 405 , 843 ) (405,843)(405,843) ( 1.54 ) ( 1.54 ) (1.54)(1.54)
  进展 5 5 5\mathbf{5} 1 , 827 , 147 1 , 827 , 147 1,827,1471,827,147 1 , 889 , 874 1 , 889 , 874 1,889,8741,889,874 62,727 3.43
  预付费用 6 6 6\mathbf{6} 2 , 343 , 362 2 , 343 , 362 2,343,3622,343,362 3 , 179 , 057 3 , 179 , 057 3,179,0573,179,057 835,695 35.66
  库存 7 7 7\mathbf{7} 18 , 132 , 160 18 , 132 , 160 18,132,16018,132,160 16 , 450 , 560 16 , 450 , 560 16,450,56016,450,560 ( 1 , 681 , 600 ) ( 1 , 681 , 600 ) (1,681,600)(1,681,600) ( 9.27 ) ( 9.27 ) (9.27)(9.27)

待售资产
8 8 8\mathbf{8} 2 , 574 , 370 2 , 574 , 370 2,574,3702,574,370 613,177 ( 1 , 961 , 193 ) ( 1 , 961 , 193 ) (1,961,193)(1,961,193) ( 76.18 ) ( 76.18 ) (76.18)(76.18)
  其他流动资产 9 9 9\mathbf{9} 2 , 023 , 680 2 , 023 , 680 2,023,6802,023,680 1 , 705 , 275 1 , 705 , 275 1,705,2751,705,275 ( 318 , 405 ) ( 318 , 405 ) (318,405)(318,405) ( 12.37 ) ( 12.37 ) (12.37)(12.37)
  总流动资产 1 0 1 0 10\mathbf{1 0} 1 0 4 , 9 5 6 , 1 9 4 1 0 4 , 9 5 6 , 1 9 4 104,956,194\mathbf{1 0 4 , 9 5 6 , 1 9 4} 1 0 9 , 3 8 1 , 6 1 7 1 0 9 , 3 8 1 , 6 1 7 109,381,617\mathbf{1 0 9 , 3 8 1 , 6 1 7} 4 , 4 2 5 , 4 2 3 4 , 4 2 5 , 4 2 3 4,425,423\mathbf{4 , 4 2 5 , 4 2 3} 4 . 2 2 4 . 2 2 4.22\mathbf{4 . 2 2}
  非流动资产
Balance sheet Balance Sheet Items Counting Year 2017 Year 2018 Sum of the rr/z %ofrr/z Assets Current assets Money and its equivalents 1 15,431,422 15,997,688 566,266 3.67 Short-term financial instruments 2 34,798,353 39,602,713 4,804,360 13.81 Available-for-sale financial assets 3 1,410,525 3,122,255 1,711,730 121.35 Accounts receivable 4 26,415,175 26,821,018 (405,843) (1.54) Advances 5 1,827,147 1,889,874 62,727 3.43 Prepaid expenses 6 2,343,362 3,179,057 835,695 35.66 Inventory 7 18,132,160 16,450,560 (1,681,600) (9.27) Assets held for sale 8 2,574,370 613,177 (1,961,193) (76.18) Other current assets 9 2,023,680 1,705,275 (318,405) (12.37) Total current assets 10 104,956,194 109,381,617 4,425,423 4.22 Non-current assets | Balance sheet | | | | | | | :--- | :--- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | | Balance Sheet Items | Counting | Year 2017 | Year 2018 | Sum of the rr/z | %ofrr/z | | Assets | | | | | | | Current assets | | | | | | | Money and its equivalents | $\mathbf{1}$ | $15,431,422$ | $15,997,688$ | 566,266 | 3.67 | | Short-term financial instruments | $\mathbf{2}$ | $34,798,353$ | $39,602,713$ | $4,804,360$ | 13.81 | | Available-for-sale financial assets | $\mathbf{3}$ | $1,410,525$ | $3,122,255$ | $1,711,730$ | 121.35 | | Accounts receivable | $\mathbf{4}$ | $26,415,175$ | $26,821,018$ | $(405,843)$ | $(1.54)$ | | Advances | $\mathbf{5}$ | $1,827,147$ | $1,889,874$ | 62,727 | 3.43 | | Prepaid expenses | $\mathbf{6}$ | $2,343,362$ | $3,179,057$ | 835,695 | 35.66 | | Inventory | $\mathbf{7}$ | $18,132,160$ | $16,450,560$ | $(1,681,600)$ | $(9.27)$ | | Assets held for sale | $\mathbf{8}$ | $2,574,370$ | 613,177 | $(1,961,193)$ | $(76.18)$ | | Other current assets | $\mathbf{9}$ | $2,023,680$ | $1,705,275$ | $(318,405)$ | $(12.37)$ | | Total current assets | $\mathbf{1 0}$ | $\mathbf{1 0 4 , 9 5 6 , 1 9 4}$ | $\mathbf{1 0 9 , 3 8 1 , 6 1 7}$ | $\mathbf{4 , 4 2 5 , 4 2 3}$ | $\mathbf{4 . 2 2}$ | | Non-current assets | | | | | |

可供出售金融资产
11 5,911,475 12,033,351 6,121,876 103.56

对其他企业的投资
12 6,085,750 4,970,515 ( 1 , 115 , 235 ) ( 1 , 115 , 235 ) (1,115,235)(1,115,235) (18.33)

土地、工厂和设备
13 71,540,214 76,824,309 5,284,095 7.39
  无形资产 14 3,772,008 4,545,904 773,896 20.52

长期费用的预付款
15 3,284,168 4,613,970 1,329,802 40.49

所得税预缴(利润)
16 4,379,589 4,299,986 ( 79 , 603 ) ( 79 , 603 ) (79,603)(79,603) (1.82)
  其他固定资产 17 2,927,627 2,217,933 ( 709 , 694 ) ( 709 , 694 ) (709,694)(709,694) (24.24)

总非流动资产
18 97,900,831 109,505,968 11,605,137 11.85
  总资产 19 202,857,025 218,887,585 16,030,560 7.90

责任与资本
  应付账款 20 16,709,661 7,518,480 ( 9 , 191 , 181 ) ( 9 , 191 , 181 ) (9,191,181)(9,191,181) (55.01)
  短期贷款 21 6,101,125 7,627,338 1,526,213 25.02
  预收款项 22 1,616,899 1,355,780 ( 261 , 119 ) ( 261 , 119 ) (261,119)(261,119) (16.15)
  预扣税 23 1,114,419 1,103,482 ( 10 , 937 ) ( 10 , 937 ) (10,937)(10,937) (0.98)
  应计成本 24 10,750,052 12,232,143 1,482,091 13.79
  应付利润税 25 3,208,583 2,052,920 ( 1 , 155 , 663 ) ( 1 , 155 , 663 ) (1,155,663)(1,155,663) (36.02)
  贷款和债券 26 2,298,712 1,689,624 ( 609 , 088 ) ( 609 , 088 ) (609,088)(609,088) (26.50)
  条款 27 6,383,470 5,691,565 ( 691 , 905 ) ( 691 , 905 ) (691,905)(691,905) (10.84)

待售负债
28 26,898 26,898

其他短期负债
29 443,450 10,111,780 9,668,330 2180.25

总流动负债
30 48,626,371 49,410,010 783,639 1.61
  长期负债
  无担保债券 31 1,242,365 1,288,004 45,639 3.67
  长期贷款 32 933,495 96,581 ( 836 , 914 ) ( 836 , 914 ) (836,914)(836,914) (89.65)
  应付负债 33 998,537 2,433,999 1,435,462 143.76

净确定福利义务
34 1,757,701 191,262 ( 1 , 566 , 439 ) ( 1 , 566 , 439 ) (1,566,439)(1,566,439) (89.12)

递延所得税负债
35 5,697,310 3,892,667 ( 1 , 804 , 643 ) ( 1 , 804 , 643 ) (1,804,643)(1,804,643) (31.68)
  条款 36 436,771 474,295 37,524 8.59

其他长期负债
37 1,009,628 1,427,368 417,740 41.38
  总负债 38 60,702,178 59,214,186 (1,487,992) (2.45)
  股权
  优先股 39 113,207 113,486 279 0.25
  普通股 40 737,276 739,097 1,821 0.25
  股票溢价 41 4,173,119 4,183,426 10,307 0.25
  留存收益 42 140,813,307 161,042,656 20,229,349 14.37
  其他储备 43 ( 8 , 963 , 398 ) ( 8 , 963 , 398 ) (8,963,398)(8,963,398) ( 12 , 092 , 132 ) ( 12 , 092 , 132 ) (12,092,132)(12,092,132) (3128734) 34.91

其他综合收益
44 76,091 76,091
  失控的兴趣 45 5,281,336 5,610,775 329,439 6.24
  总权益 46 142,154,847 159,673,399 17,518,552 12.32

总负债和资本
47 202,857,025 218,887,585 16,030,560 7.90
Available-for-sale financial assets 11 5,911,475 12,033,351 6,121,876 103.56 Investments in other enterprises 12 6,085,750 4,970,515 (1,115,235) (18.33) Land, factories and equipment 13 71,540,214 76,824,309 5,284,095 7.39 Intangible assets 14 3,772,008 4,545,904 773,896 20.52 Prepayment of long-term expenses 15 3,284,168 4,613,970 1,329,802 40.49 Income tax prepayment (profit) 16 4,379,589 4,299,986 (79,603) (1.82) Other fixed assets 17 2,927,627 2,217,933 (709,694) (24.24) Total non-current assets 18 97,900,831 109,505,968 11,605,137 11.85 Total assets 19 202,857,025 218,887,585 16,030,560 7.90 Detyrimet dhe Kapitali Liabilities and Capital Accounts payable 20 16,709,661 7,518,480 (9,191,181) (55.01) Short-term loans 21 6,101,125 7,627,338 1,526,213 25.02 Advances received 22 1,616,899 1,355,780 (261,119) (16.15) Withholding taxes 23 1,114,419 1,103,482 (10,937) (0.98) Accrual costs 24 10,750,052 12,232,143 1,482,091 13.79 Profit tax payable 25 3,208,583 2,052,920 (1,155,663) (36.02) Loans and bonds 26 2,298,712 1,689,624 (609,088) (26.50) Provisions 27 6,383,470 5,691,565 (691,905) (10.84) Liabilities held for sale 28 26,898 26,898 Other short-term liabilities 29 443,450 10,111,780 9,668,330 2180.25 Total current liabilities 30 48,626,371 49,410,010 783,639 1.61 Long-term liabilities Unsecured bonds 31 1,242,365 1,288,004 45,639 3.67 Long-term loans 32 933,495 96,581 (836,914) (89.65) Liabilities payable 33 998,537 2,433,999 1,435,462 143.76 Net defined benefit obligations 34 1,757,701 191,262 (1,566,439) (89.12) Deferred income tax liabilities 35 5,697,310 3,892,667 (1,804,643) (31.68) Provisions 36 436,771 474,295 37,524 8.59 Other long-term liabilities 37 1,009,628 1,427,368 417,740 41.38 Total liabilities 38 60,702,178 59,214,186 (1,487,992) (2.45) Equity Preferential shares 39 113,207 113,486 279 0.25 Ordinary shares 40 737,276 739,097 1,821 0.25 Premium from shares 41 4,173,119 4,183,426 10,307 0.25 Retained earnings 42 140,813,307 161,042,656 20,229,349 14.37 Other reserves 43 (8,963,398) (12,092,132) (3128734) 34.91 Other comprehensive income 44 76,091 76,091 Uncontrolled interest 45 5,281,336 5,610,775 329,439 6.24 Total Equity 46 142,154,847 159,673,399 17,518,552 12.32 Total liabilities and capital 47 202,857,025 218,887,585 16,030,560 7.90| Available-for-sale financial assets | 11 | 5,911,475 | 12,033,351 | 6,121,876 | 103.56 | | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | | Investments in other enterprises | 12 | 6,085,750 | 4,970,515 | $(1,115,235)$ | (18.33) | | Land, factories and equipment | 13 | 71,540,214 | 76,824,309 | 5,284,095 | 7.39 | | Intangible assets | 14 | 3,772,008 | 4,545,904 | 773,896 | 20.52 | | Prepayment of long-term expenses | 15 | 3,284,168 | 4,613,970 | 1,329,802 | 40.49 | | Income tax prepayment (profit) | 16 | 4,379,589 | 4,299,986 | $(79,603)$ | (1.82) | | Other fixed assets | 17 | 2,927,627 | 2,217,933 | $(709,694)$ | (24.24) | | Total non-current assets | 18 | 97,900,831 | 109,505,968 | 11,605,137 | 11.85 | | Total assets | 19 | 202,857,025 | 218,887,585 | 16,030,560 | 7.90 | | Detyrimet dhe Kapitali Liabilities and Capital | | | | | | | Accounts payable | 20 | 16,709,661 | 7,518,480 | $(9,191,181)$ | (55.01) | | Short-term loans | 21 | 6,101,125 | 7,627,338 | 1,526,213 | 25.02 | | Advances received | 22 | 1,616,899 | 1,355,780 | $(261,119)$ | (16.15) | | Withholding taxes | 23 | 1,114,419 | 1,103,482 | $(10,937)$ | (0.98) | | Accrual costs | 24 | 10,750,052 | 12,232,143 | 1,482,091 | 13.79 | | Profit tax payable | 25 | 3,208,583 | 2,052,920 | $(1,155,663)$ | (36.02) | | Loans and bonds | 26 | 2,298,712 | 1,689,624 | $(609,088)$ | (26.50) | | Provisions | 27 | 6,383,470 | 5,691,565 | $(691,905)$ | (10.84) | | Liabilities held for sale | 28 | | 26,898 | 26,898 | | | Other short-term liabilities | 29 | 443,450 | 10,111,780 | 9,668,330 | 2180.25 | | Total current liabilities | 30 | 48,626,371 | 49,410,010 | 783,639 | 1.61 | | Long-term liabilities | | | | | | | Unsecured bonds | 31 | 1,242,365 | 1,288,004 | 45,639 | 3.67 | | Long-term loans | 32 | 933,495 | 96,581 | $(836,914)$ | (89.65) | | Liabilities payable | 33 | 998,537 | 2,433,999 | 1,435,462 | 143.76 | | Net defined benefit obligations | 34 | 1,757,701 | 191,262 | $(1,566,439)$ | (89.12) | | Deferred income tax liabilities | 35 | 5,697,310 | 3,892,667 | $(1,804,643)$ | (31.68) | | Provisions | 36 | 436,771 | 474,295 | 37,524 | 8.59 | | Other long-term liabilities | 37 | 1,009,628 | 1,427,368 | 417,740 | 41.38 | | Total liabilities | 38 | 60,702,178 | 59,214,186 | (1,487,992) | (2.45) | | Equity | | | | | | | Preferential shares | 39 | 113,207 | 113,486 | 279 | 0.25 | | Ordinary shares | 40 | 737,276 | 739,097 | 1,821 | 0.25 | | Premium from shares | 41 | 4,173,119 | 4,183,426 | 10,307 | 0.25 | | Retained earnings | 42 | 140,813,307 | 161,042,656 | 20,229,349 | 14.37 | | Other reserves | 43 | $(8,963,398)$ | $(12,092,132)$ | (3128734) | 34.91 | | Other comprehensive income | 44 | | 76,091 | 76,091 | | | Uncontrolled interest | 45 | 5,281,336 | 5,610,775 | 329,439 | 6.24 | | Total Equity | 46 | 142,154,847 | 159,673,399 | 17,518,552 | 12.32 | | Total liabilities and capital | 47 | 202,857,025 | 218,887,585 | 16,030,560 | 7.90 |

图表 13. 2017 年资产负债表


图表 15. 2017 年和 2018 年的资产负债表


6.1.2 SIE 的横向分析


表 7. 2017-2018 年度收入和支出报表的纵向和横向分析

收入和支出报表
  声音   计数   2017 年   2018 年   rr/z 的数量 % o f r r / z % o f r r / z %ofrr//z\mathbf{\%} \mathbf{o f ~ \mathbf { ~ r r } / \mathbf { z }}
  销售收入 4 8 4 8 48\mathbf{4 8} 2 1 6 7 0 8 6 7 7 2 1 6 7 0 8 6 7 7 216708677\mathbf{2 1 6 7 0 8 6 7 7} 1 9 5 8 8 2 9 5 5 1 9 5 8 8 2 9 5 5 195882955\mathbf{1 9 5 8 8 2 9 5 5} ( 2 0 8 2 5 7 2 2 ) ( 2 0 8 2 5 7 2 2 ) (20825722)\mathbf{( 2 0 8 2 5 7 2 2 )} ( 9 . 6 1 ) ( 9 . 6 1 ) (9.61)\mathbf{( 9 . 6 1 )}

销售成本
4 9 4 9 49\mathbf{4 9} ( 130480725 ) ( 130480725 ) (130480725)(130480725) ( 121856939 ) ( 121856939 ) (121856939)(121856939) 8623786 ( 6.61 ) ( 6.61 ) (6.61)(6.61)
  毛利润 5 0 5 0 50\mathbf{5 0} 8 6 2 2 7 9 5 2 8 6 2 2 7 9 5 2 86227952\mathbf{8 6 2 2 7 9 5 2} 7 4 0 2 6 0 1 6 7 4 0 2 6 0 1 6 74026016\mathbf{7 4 0 2 6 0 1 6} ( 1 2 2 0 1 9 3 6 ) ( 1 2 2 0 1 9 3 6 ) (12201936)\mathbf{( 1 2 2 0 1 9 3 6 )} ( 1 4 . 1 5 ) ( 1 4 . 1 5 ) (14.15)\mathbf{( 1 4 . 1 5 )}
  运营费用 5 1 5 1 51\mathbf{5 1} ( 51370553 ) ( 51370553 ) (51370553)(51370553) ( 50253744 ) ( 50253744 ) (50253744)(50253744) 1116809 ( 2.17 ) ( 2.17 ) (2.17)(2.17)
  营业利润 5 2 5 2 52\mathbf{5 2} 3 4 8 5 7 3 9 9 3 4 8 5 7 3 9 9 34857399\mathbf{3 4 8 5 7 3 9 9} 2 3 7 7 2 2 7 2 2 3 7 7 2 2 7 2 23772272\mathbf{2 3 7 7 2 2 7 2} ( 1 1 0 8 5 1 2 7 ) ( 1 1 0 8 5 1 2 7 ) (11085127)\mathbf{( 1 1 0 8 5 1 2 7 )} ( 3 1 . 8 0 ) ( 3 1 . 8 0 ) (31.80)\mathbf{( 3 1 . 8 0 )}
  财务收入 5 3 5 3 53\mathbf{5 3} 1469509 2707288 1237779 84.23
  税前利润 5 4 5 4 54\mathbf{5 4} 3 6 3 5 3 9 0 8 3 6 3 5 3 9 0 8 36353908\mathbf{3 6 3 5 3 9 0 8} 2 6 4 7 9 5 6 0 2 6 4 7 9 5 6 0 26479560\mathbf{2 6 4 7 9 5 6 0} ( 9 8 7 4 3 4 8 ) ( 9 8 7 4 3 4 8 ) (9874348)\mathbf{( 9 8 7 4 3 4 8 )} ( 2 7 . 1 6 ) ( 2 7 . 1 6 ) (27.16)\mathbf{( 2 7 . 1 6 )}
  所得税费用 5 5 5 5 55\mathbf{5 5} ( 7476087 ) ( 7476087 ) (7476087)(7476087) ( 4256366 ) ( 4256366 ) (4256366)(4256366) 3219721 ( 4 3 . 0 7 ) ( 4 3 . 0 7 ) (43.07)\mathbf{( 4 3 . 0 7 )}

本年度利润
5 6 5 6 56\mathbf{5 6} 2 8 8 7 7 8 2 1 2 8 8 7 7 8 2 1 28877821\mathbf{2 8 8 7 7 8 2 1} 2 2 2 2 3 1 9 4 2 2 2 2 3 1 9 4 22223194\mathbf{2 2 2 2 3 1 9 4} ( 6 6 5 4 6 2 7 ) ( 6 6 5 4 6 2 7 ) (6654627)\mathbf{( 6 6 5 4 6 2 7 )} ( 2 3 . 0 4 ) ( 2 3 . 0 4 ) (23.04)\mathbf{( 2 3 . 0 4 )}
Income and Expenditure Statement Voices Counting Year 2017 Year 2018 Amount of rr/z %ofrr//z Revenues from sales 48 216708677 195882955 (20825722) (9.61) Cost of goods sold 49 (130480725) (121856939) 8623786 (6.61) Gross Profit 50 86227952 74026016 (12201936) (14.15) Operating expenses 51 (51370553) (50253744) 1116809 (2.17) Operating Profit 52 34857399 23772272 (11085127) (31.80) Financial income 53 1469509 2707288 1237779 84.23 Profit before tax 54 36353908 26479560 (9874348) (27.16) Income tax expense 55 (7476087) (4256366) 3219721 (43.07) Profit of the year 56 28877821 22223194 (6654627) (23.04)| Income and Expenditure Statement | | | | | | | :--- | :--- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | | Voices | Counting | Year 2017 | Year 2018 | Amount of rr/z | $\mathbf{\%} \mathbf{o f ~ \mathbf { ~ r r } / \mathbf { z }}$ | | Revenues from sales | $\mathbf{4 8}$ | $\mathbf{2 1 6 7 0 8 6 7 7}$ | $\mathbf{1 9 5 8 8 2 9 5 5}$ | $\mathbf{( 2 0 8 2 5 7 2 2 )}$ | $\mathbf{( 9 . 6 1 )}$ | | Cost of goods sold | $\mathbf{4 9}$ | $(130480725)$ | $(121856939)$ | 8623786 | $(6.61)$ | | Gross Profit | $\mathbf{5 0}$ | $\mathbf{8 6 2 2 7 9 5 2}$ | $\mathbf{7 4 0 2 6 0 1 6}$ | $\mathbf{( 1 2 2 0 1 9 3 6 )}$ | $\mathbf{( 1 4 . 1 5 )}$ | | Operating expenses | $\mathbf{5 1}$ | $(51370553)$ | $(50253744)$ | 1116809 | $(2.17)$ | | Operating Profit | $\mathbf{5 2}$ | $\mathbf{3 4 8 5 7 3 9 9}$ | $\mathbf{2 3 7 7 2 2 7 2}$ | $\mathbf{( 1 1 0 8 5 1 2 7 )}$ | $\mathbf{( 3 1 . 8 0 )}$ | | Financial income | $\mathbf{5 3}$ | 1469509 | 2707288 | 1237779 | 84.23 | | Profit before tax | $\mathbf{5 4}$ | $\mathbf{3 6 3 5 3 9 0 8}$ | $\mathbf{2 6 4 7 9 5 6 0}$ | $\mathbf{( 9 8 7 4 3 4 8 )}$ | $\mathbf{( 2 7 . 1 6 )}$ | | Income tax expense | $\mathbf{5 5}$ | $(7476087)$ | $(4256366)$ | 3219721 | $\mathbf{( 4 3 . 0 7 )}$ | | Profit of the year | $\mathbf{5 6}$ | $\mathbf{2 8 8 7 7 8 2 1}$ | $\mathbf{2 2 2 2 3 1 9 4}$ | $\mathbf{( 6 6 5 4 6 2 7 )}$ | $\mathbf{( 2 3 . 0 4 )}$ |

图 18. 2017-2018 年度收支表的横向分析


6.2 2017-2018 年度的垂直分析


6.2.1 垂直资产负债表分析

表 8. 2017-2018 年资产负债表的垂直分析
  资产负债表
  资产负债表项目   计数 % % %\mathbf{\%} % % %\mathbf{\%}

资产(资产负债表资产)
  流动资产 1 1 1\mathbf{1} 7.61 7.31

货币及其等价物
2 2 2\mathbf{2} 17.15 18.09

短期金融工具
3 3 3\mathbf{3} 0.70 1.43

可供出售金融资产
4 4 4\mathbf{4} 13.02 12.25
  应收账款 5 5 5\mathbf{5} 0.90 0.86
  进展 6 6 6\mathbf{6} 1.16 1.45
  预付费用 7 7 7\mathbf{7} 8.94 7.52
  库存 8 8 8\mathbf{8} 1.27 0.28

待售资产
9 9 9\mathbf{9} 1.00 0.78
  其他流动资产 1 0 1 0 10\mathbf{1 0} 51.74 49.97
  总流动资产
  非流动资产 1 1 1 1 11\mathbf{1 1} 2.91 5.50

可供出售金融资产
1 2 1 2 12\mathbf{1 2} 3.00 2.27

对其他企业的投资
1 3 1 3 13\mathbf{1 3} 35.27 35.10

土地、工厂和设备
1 4 1 4 14\mathbf{1 4} 1.86 2.08
  无形资产 1 5 1 5 15\mathbf{1 5} 1.62 2.11

长期费用的预付款
1 6 1 6 16\mathbf{1 6} 2.16 1.96

所得税预缴(利润)
1 7 1 7 17\mathbf{1 7} 1.44 1.01
  其他固定资产 1 8 1 8 18\mathbf{1 8} 48.26 50.03

总非流动资产
1 9 1 9 19\mathbf{1 9} 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 100.00\mathbf{1 0 0 . 0 0} 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 100.00\mathbf{1 0 0 . 0 0}
  总资产

负债和权益(资产负债表负债)
2 0 2 0 20\mathbf{2 0} 8.24 3.43
  短期负债 2 1 2 1 21\mathbf{2 1} 3.01 3.48
  应付账款
  短期贷款
Balance Sheet Balance Sheet Items Counting % % Assets (Balance Sheet Assets) Current assets 1 7.61 7.31 Money and its equivalents 2 17.15 18.09 Short-term financial instruments 3 0.70 1.43 Available-for-sale financial assets 4 13.02 12.25 Accounts receivable 5 0.90 0.86 Advances 6 1.16 1.45 Prepaid expenses 7 8.94 7.52 Inventory 8 1.27 0.28 Assets held for sale 9 1.00 0.78 Other current assets 10 51.74 49.97 Total current assets Non-current assets 11 2.91 5.50 Available-for-sale financial assets 12 3.00 2.27 Investments in other enterprises 13 35.27 35.10 Land, factories and equipment 14 1.86 2.08 Intangible assets 15 1.62 2.11 Prepayment of long-term expenses 16 2.16 1.96 Income tax prepayment (profit) 17 1.44 1.01 Other fixed assets 18 48.26 50.03 Total non-current assets 19 100.00 100.00 Total assets Liabilities and Equity (Balance Sheet Liabilities) 20 8.24 3.43 Short-term liabilities 21 3.01 3.48 Accounts payable Short-term loans | Balance Sheet | | | | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | Balance Sheet Items | Counting | $\mathbf{\%}$ | $\mathbf{\%}$ | | Assets (Balance Sheet Assets) | | | | | Current assets | $\mathbf{1}$ | 7.61 | 7.31 | | Money and its equivalents | $\mathbf{2}$ | 17.15 | 18.09 | | Short-term financial instruments | $\mathbf{3}$ | 0.70 | 1.43 | | Available-for-sale financial assets | $\mathbf{4}$ | 13.02 | 12.25 | | Accounts receivable | $\mathbf{5}$ | 0.90 | 0.86 | | Advances | $\mathbf{6}$ | 1.16 | 1.45 | | Prepaid expenses | $\mathbf{7}$ | 8.94 | 7.52 | | Inventory | $\mathbf{8}$ | 1.27 | 0.28 | | Assets held for sale | $\mathbf{9}$ | 1.00 | 0.78 | | Other current assets | $\mathbf{1 0}$ | 51.74 | 49.97 | | Total current assets | | | | | Non-current assets | $\mathbf{1 1}$ | 2.91 | 5.50 | | Available-for-sale financial assets | $\mathbf{1 2}$ | 3.00 | 2.27 | | Investments in other enterprises | $\mathbf{1 3}$ | 35.27 | 35.10 | | Land, factories and equipment | $\mathbf{1 4}$ | 1.86 | 2.08 | | Intangible assets | $\mathbf{1 5}$ | 1.62 | 2.11 | | Prepayment of long-term expenses | $\mathbf{1 6}$ | 2.16 | 1.96 | | Income tax prepayment (profit) | $\mathbf{1 7}$ | 1.44 | 1.01 | | Other fixed assets | $\mathbf{1 8}$ | 48.26 | 50.03 | | Total non-current assets | $\mathbf{1 9}$ | $\mathbf{1 0 0 . 0 0}$ | $\mathbf{1 0 0 . 0 0}$ | | Total assets | | | | | Liabilities and Equity (Balance Sheet Liabilities) | $\mathbf{2 0}$ | 8.24 | 3.43 | | Short-term liabilities | $\mathbf{2 1}$ | 3.01 | 3.48 | | Accounts payable | | | | | Short-term loans | | | |
  预收款项 2 2 2 2 22\mathbf{2 2} 0.80 0.62
  预扣税 2 3 2 3 23\mathbf{2 3} 0.55 0.50
  应计成本 2 4 2 4 24\mathbf{2 4} 5.30 5.59
  应付利润税 2 5 2 5 25\mathbf{2 5} 1.58 0.94
  贷款和债券 2 6 2 6 26\mathbf{2 6} 1.13 0.77
  条款 2 7 2 7 27\mathbf{2 7} 2.15 2.60

待售负债
2 8 2 8 28\mathbf{2 8} 0.01

其他短期负债
2 9 2 9 29\mathbf{2 9} 0.22 4.62

总流动负债
3 0 3 0 30\mathbf{3 0} 23.97 22.57
  长期负债
  无担保债券 3 1 3 1 31\mathbf{3 1} 0.61 0.59
  长期贷款 3 2 3 2 32\mathbf{3 2} 0.46 0.04
  应付负债 3 3 3 3 33\mathbf{3 3} 0.49 1.11

净确定福利义务
3 4 3 4 34\mathbf{3 4} 0.87 0.09

递延所得税负债
3 5 3 5 35\mathbf{3 5} 2.81 1.78
  条款 3 6 3 6 36\mathbf{3 6} 0.22 0.22

其他长期负债
3 7 3 7 37\mathbf{3 7} 0.50 0.65

总长期负债
3 8 3 8 38\mathbf{3 8} 5.95 4.48
  总负债 3 9 3 9 39\mathbf{3 9} 2 9 . 9 2 2 9 . 9 2 29.92\mathbf{2 9 . 9 2} 2 7 . 0 5 2 7 . 0 5 27.05\mathbf{2 7 . 0 5}
  股权
  优先股 4 0 4 0 40\mathbf{4 0} 0.06 0.05
  普通股 4 1 4 1 41\mathbf{4 1} 0.36 0.34
  股票溢价 4 2 4 2 42\mathbf{4 2} 2.06 1.91
  留存收益 4 3 4 3 43\mathbf{4 3} 69.42 73.57
  其他储备 4 4 4 4 44\mathbf{4 4} ( 4.42 ) ( 4.42 ) (4.42)(4.42) ( 5.52 ) ( 5.52 ) (5.52)(5.52)

待售的其他综合收益
4 5 4 5 45\mathbf{4 5} 0.03
  失控的兴趣 4 6 4 6 46\mathbf{4 6} 2.60 2.56
  总权益 4 7 4 7 47\mathbf{4 7} 7 0 . 0 8 7 0 . 0 8 70.08\mathbf{7 0 . 0 8} 7 2 . 9 5 7 2 . 9 5 72.95\mathbf{7 2 . 9 5}

总负债和资本
4 8 4 8 48\mathbf{4 8} 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 100.00\mathbf{1 0 0 . 0 0} 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 100.00\mathbf{1 0 0 . 0 0}
Advances received 22 0.80 0.62 Withholding taxes 23 0.55 0.50 Accrual costs 24 5.30 5.59 Profit tax payable 25 1.58 0.94 Loans and bonds 26 1.13 0.77 Provisions 27 2.15 2.60 Liabilities held for sale 28 0.01 Other short-term liabilities 29 0.22 4.62 Total current liabilities 30 23.97 22.57 Long-term liabilities Unsecured bonds 31 0.61 0.59 Long-term loans 32 0.46 0.04 Liabilities payable 33 0.49 1.11 Net defined benefit obligations 34 0.87 0.09 Deferred income tax liabilities 35 2.81 1.78 Provisions 36 0.22 0.22 Other long-term liabilities 37 0.50 0.65 Total long-term liabilities 38 5.95 4.48 Total liabilities 39 29.92 27.05 Equity Preferential shares 40 0.06 0.05 Ordinary shares 41 0.36 0.34 Premium from shares 42 2.06 1.91 Retained earnings 43 69.42 73.57 Other reserves 44 (4.42) (5.52) Other comprehensive income held for sale 45 0.03 Uncontrolled interest 46 2.60 2.56 Total Equity 47 70.08 72.95 Total liabilities and capital 48 100.00 100.00 | Advances received | $\mathbf{2 2}$ | 0.80 | 0.62 | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | Withholding taxes | $\mathbf{2 3}$ | 0.55 | 0.50 | | Accrual costs | $\mathbf{2 4}$ | 5.30 | 5.59 | | Profit tax payable | $\mathbf{2 5}$ | 1.58 | 0.94 | | Loans and bonds | $\mathbf{2 6}$ | 1.13 | 0.77 | | Provisions | $\mathbf{2 7}$ | 2.15 | 2.60 | | Liabilities held for sale | $\mathbf{2 8}$ | | 0.01 | | Other short-term liabilities | $\mathbf{2 9}$ | 0.22 | 4.62 | | Total current liabilities | $\mathbf{3 0}$ | 23.97 | 22.57 | | Long-term liabilities | | | | | Unsecured bonds | $\mathbf{3 1}$ | 0.61 | 0.59 | | Long-term loans | $\mathbf{3 2}$ | 0.46 | 0.04 | | Liabilities payable | $\mathbf{3 3}$ | 0.49 | 1.11 | | Net defined benefit obligations | $\mathbf{3 4}$ | 0.87 | 0.09 | | Deferred income tax liabilities | $\mathbf{3 5}$ | 2.81 | 1.78 | | Provisions | $\mathbf{3 6}$ | 0.22 | 0.22 | | Other long-term liabilities | $\mathbf{3 7}$ | 0.50 | 0.65 | | Total long-term liabilities | $\mathbf{3 8}$ | 5.95 | 4.48 | | Total liabilities | $\mathbf{3 9}$ | $\mathbf{2 9 . 9 2}$ | $\mathbf{2 7 . 0 5}$ | | Equity | | | | | Preferential shares | $\mathbf{4 0}$ | 0.06 | 0.05 | | Ordinary shares | $\mathbf{4 1}$ | 0.36 | 0.34 | | Premium from shares | $\mathbf{4 2}$ | 2.06 | 1.91 | | Retained earnings | $\mathbf{4 3}$ | 69.42 | 73.57 | | Other reserves | $\mathbf{4 4}$ | $(4.42)$ | $(5.52)$ | | Other comprehensive income held for sale | $\mathbf{4 5}$ | 0.03 | | | Uncontrolled interest | $\mathbf{4 6}$ | 2.60 | 2.56 | | Total Equity | $\mathbf{4 7}$ | $\mathbf{7 0 . 0 8}$ | $\mathbf{7 2 . 9 5}$ | | Total liabilities and capital | $\mathbf{4 8}$ | $\mathbf{1 0 0 . 0 0}$ | $\mathbf{1 0 0 . 0 0}$ | | | | | |

图表 19. 资产、负债和资本增长百分比 2017


图表 20. 2018 年资产、负债和资本的百分比增长


6.2.2 收入表的垂直分析

表 9. 2017-2018 年损益表的垂直分析

收入和支出报表
  声音   计数 % % %\boldsymbol{\%} % % %\mathbf{\%}
  销售收入 4 9 4 9 49\mathbf{4 9} 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 100.00\mathbf{1 0 0 . 0 0} 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 100.00\mathbf{1 0 0 . 0 0}

销售成本
5 0 5 0 50\mathbf{5 0} ( 60.21 ) ( 60.21 ) (60.21)(60.21) ( 62.21 ) ( 62.21 ) (62.21)(62.21)
  毛利润 5 1 5 1 51\mathbf{5 1} 3 9 . 7 9 3 9 . 7 9 39.79\mathbf{3 9 . 7 9} 3 7 . 7 9 3 7 . 7 9 37.79\mathbf{3 7 . 7 9}
  运营费用 5 2 5 2 52\mathbf{5 2} ( 23.70 ) ( 23.70 ) (23.70)(23.70) ( 25.65 ) ( 25.65 ) (25.65)(25.65)
  营业利润 5 3 5 3 53\mathbf{5 3} 1 6 . 0 8 1 6 . 0 8 16.08\mathbf{1 6 . 0 8} 1 2 . 1 4 1 2 . 1 4 12.14\mathbf{1 2 . 1 4}
  财务收入 5 4 5 4 54\mathbf{5 4} 0.68 1.38
  税前利润 5 5 5 5 55\mathbf{5 5} 1 6 . 7 8 1 6 . 7 8 16.78\mathbf{1 6 . 7 8} 1 3 . 5 2 1 3 . 5 2 13.52\mathbf{1 3 . 5 2}
  所得税费用 5 6 5 6 56\mathbf{5 6} ( 3.45 ) ( 3.45 ) (3.45)(3.45) ( 2.17 ) ( 2.17 ) (2.17)(2.17)

本年度利润
5 7 5 7 57\mathbf{5 7} 1 3 . 3 3 1 3 . 3 3 13.33\mathbf{1 3 . 3 3} 1 1 . 3 5 1 1 . 3 5 11.35\mathbf{1 1 . 3 5}
Income and Expenditure Statement Voices Counting % % Revenues from sales 49 100.00 100.00 Cost of goods sold 50 (60.21) (62.21) Gross Profit 51 39.79 37.79 Operating expenses 52 (23.70) (25.65) Operating Profit 53 16.08 12.14 Financial income 54 0.68 1.38 Profit before tax 55 16.78 13.52 Income tax expense 56 (3.45) (2.17) Profit of the year 57 13.33 11.35| Income and Expenditure Statement | | | | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | Voices | Counting | $\boldsymbol{\%}$ | $\mathbf{\%}$ | | Revenues from sales | $\mathbf{4 9}$ | $\mathbf{1 0 0 . 0 0}$ | $\mathbf{1 0 0 . 0 0}$ | | Cost of goods sold | $\mathbf{5 0}$ | $(60.21)$ | $(62.21)$ | | Gross Profit | $\mathbf{5 1}$ | $\mathbf{3 9 . 7 9}$ | $\mathbf{3 7 . 7 9}$ | | Operating expenses | $\mathbf{5 2}$ | $(23.70)$ | $(25.65)$ | | Operating Profit | $\mathbf{5 3}$ | $\mathbf{1 6 . 0 8}$ | $\mathbf{1 2 . 1 4}$ | | Financial income | $\mathbf{5 4}$ | 0.68 | 1.38 | | Profit before tax | $\mathbf{5 5}$ | $\mathbf{1 6 . 7 8}$ | $\mathbf{1 3 . 5 2}$ | | Income tax expense | $\mathbf{5 6}$ | $(3.45)$ | $(2.17)$ | | Profit of the year | $\mathbf{5 7}$ | $\mathbf{1 3 . 3 3}$ | $\mathbf{1 1 . 3 5}$ |

图表 21. 2017 年收入和支出报表的垂直分析


图 22. 2018 年收入和支出报表的垂直分析


7. 对 2015-2018 年分析结果的评论


7.1 横向分析的结论


通过对“三星”业务的分析,我们注意到 2016 年的表现比 2015 年更为成功。通过这些分析,我们得出结论,2016 年的财富相比 2015 年增加了 23 , 593 , 789 23 , 593 , 789 €23,593,789€ 23,593,789 13.96 % 13.96 % 13.96%13.96 \% ,流动资产增加了 14 , 720 , 338 14 , 720 , 338 €14,720,338€ 14,720,338 22.05 % 22.05 % 22.05%22.05 \% ,非流动资产则增加了 8 , 873 , 451 8 , 873 , 451 €8,873,451€ 8,873,451 11.27 % 11.27 % 11.27%11.27 \% 。负债同样出现了增长,增加了 23 , 593 , 789 23 , 593 , 789 €23,593,789€ 23,593,789 16.22 % 16.22 % 16.22%16.22 \% ,负债增加了 4 , 765 , 878 4 , 765 , 878 €4,765,878€ 4,765,878 9.37 % 9.37 % 9.37%9.37 \% ,其中短期负债为 2 , 440 , 517 2 , 440 , 517 €2,440,517€ 2,440,517 5.90 % 5.90 % 5.90%5.90 \% ,长期负债为 2 , 325 , 361 2 , 325 , 361 €2,325,361€ 2,325,361 24.50 % 24.50 % 24.50%24.50 \% ,甚至股东权益也增加了 18 , 827 , 911 18 , 827 , 911 €18,827,911€ 18,827,911 19.91 % 19.91 % 19.91%19.91 \%


我们注意到,可供出售的金融资产是经历最大增幅的项目,具体为 91.91 % 91.91 % 91.91%91.91 \% ,其次是其他固定资产增加了 64.49 % 64.49 % 64.49%64.49 \% ,短期金融工具增加了 50.89 % 50.89 % 50.89%50.89 \% ,等等,因此我们可以得出结论,“三星”以不同形式投资了去年的利润,但这些投资的一部分是通过外部来源融资的,因为我们的负债增加了,在 2016 年增加了 4 , 765 , 878 4 , 765 , 878 €4,765,878€ 4,765,878 9.37 % 9.37 % 9.37%9.37 \% ,即短期负债增加了 2 , 440 , 517 2 , 440 , 517 €2,440,517€ 2,440,517 5.90 % 5.90 % 5.90%5.90 \% ,长期负债增加了 2 , 325 , 361 2 , 325 , 361 €2,325,361€ 2,325,361 24.50 % 24.50 % 24.50%24.50 \% ,预扣税是减少最多的项目,减少了 43.65 % 43.65 % 43.65%43.65 \% ,但我们有应付所得税的巨大增加,增加了 155.22 % 155.22 % 155.22%155.22 \% ,即公司尽管没有危及流动性,但未履行其义务。在股权方面,我们有增加 19.91 % 19.91 % 19.91%19.91 \% 18 , 827 , 9911 18 , 827 , 9911 €18,827,9911€ 18,827,9911 ,在这一年中,“三星”没有发行任何普通或普通股,而留存利润增加了 22.91 % 22.91 % 22.91%22.91 \% 是显著的。

2016 年的销售收入比 2015 年增加了 33 , 705 , 388 33 , 705 , 388 €33,705,388€ 33,705,388 21.88 % 21.88 % 21.88%21.88 \% ,一般来说,所有费用都增加了,KMSH 增加了 12.94 % 12.94 % 12.94%12.94 \% ,运营费用增加了 22.01 % 22.01 % 22.01%22.01 \% ,而财务收入减少了 44.06 % 44.06 % 44.06%44.06 \% 。2016 年的净利润与 2015 年相比增加了 9 , 416 , 716 9 , 416 , 716 €9,416,716€ 9,416,716 73.31 % 73.31 % 73.31%73.31 \%


从 2017 年至 2018 年的分析中,我们注意到 2018 年的资产增加了 16 , 030 , 560 16 , 030 , 560 €16,030,560€ 16,030,560 7.90 % 7.90 % 7.90%7.90 \% ,其中流动资产增加了 4 , 425 , 423 4 , 425 , 423 €4,425,423€ 4,425,423 4.22 % 4.22 % 4.22%4.22 \% ,非流动资产增加了 11 , 605 , 137 11 , 605 , 137 €11,605,137€ 11,605,137 11.85 % 11.85 % 11.85%11.85 \% 。今年的负债减少了 1 , 478 , 992 1 , 478 , 992 €1,478,992€ 1,478,992 2.45 % 2.45 % 2.45%2.45 \% ,短期负债仅增加了 783 , 639 783 , 639 €783,639€ 783,639 1.61 % 1.61 % 1.61%1.61 \% ,而股东权益增加了 17 , 518 , 552 17 , 518 , 552 €17,518,552€ 17,518,552 12.32 % 12.32 % 12.32%12.32 \% 。在资产结构中,待售金融资产(短期和长期)是增幅最大的项目,2018 年无形资产相比 2017 年增加了 20.52 % 20.52 % 20.52%20.52 \% ,值得注意的是,商品库存减少了 9.27 % 9.27 % 9.27%9.27 \% ,这可能表明“Samsung”正在采用“及时生产”方法,或者通过销售去年的库存来更好地控制生产。 在负债方面,长期贷款减少最多,减少了 89.65 % 89.65 % 89.65%89.65 \% ,短期账户减少了 55.01 % 55.01 % 55.01%55.01 \% ,总体而言,今年公司已显著履行对合作伙伴的负债,融资主要来自内部来源,今年“三星”以相同的比例发行了普通股和优先股,比例为 0.25 % 0.25 % 0.25%0.25 \% ,本期留存收益增加了 14.37 % 14.37 % 14.37%14.37 \%

2018 会计期间的销售收入比 2017 年减少了 20 , 825 , 722 20 , 825 , 722 €20,825,722€ 20,825,722 9.61 % 9.61 % 9.61%9.61 \% ,销售成本和运营费用分别减少了 6.61 % 6.61 % 6.61%6.61 \% 2.17 % 2.17 % 2.17%2.17 \% ,财务收入增加了 84.23 % 84.23 % 84.23%84.23 \% ,而净利润则减少了 6 , 654 , 6277 6 , 654 , 6277 6,654,62776,654,6277 23.04 % 23.04 % 23.04%23.04 \%


7.2 垂直分析的结论

Based on the results of the vertical analysis of the years 2015-2016 we see that current assets in 2016 participate in total assets with 48.20 % 48.20 % 48.20%48.20 \% while in 2015 with 45.89 % 45.89 % 45.89%45.89 \%, current assets in 2016 participate in total 51.80 % 51.80 % 51.80%51.80 \% and in 2015 with 54.11 % 54.11 % 54.11%54.11 \%, in this structure land, factory and equipment has the largest share in both periods 39.82 % 39.82 % 39.82%39.82 \% (2015) and 37.82 % 37.82 % 37.82%37.82 \% (2016), followed by accounts receivable 15.50 % 15.50 % 15.50%15.50 \% (2015) and 14.73 % 14.73 % 14.73%14.73 \% (2016) this item carries the potential risk of turning into bad debt in case of non-collection, while money participates with 9.43 % 9.43 % 9.43%9.43 \% (2015) respectively with 10.38 % 10.38 % 10.38%10.38 \% (2016). Liabilities have a share of 32.91 % 32.91 % 32.91%32.91 \% in the total liabilities for 2016, while for 2015 with 34.97 % 34.97 % 34.97%34.97 \%. During these two years, the participation within the structure of liabilities does not have much movement, for 2015 short-term liabilities participate with 28.45 % 28.45 % 28.45%28.45 \% and long-term liabilities with 6.53 % 6.53 % 6.53%6.53 \%, while in 2016 with 25.92 % 25.92 % 25.92%25.92 \% respectively 6.99 % 6.99 % 6.99%6.99 \%. If we take into account all items of liabilities, accounts payablehave the largest share with 11.88 % 11.88 % 11.88%11.88 \% (2015) and 9.33 % 9.33 % 9.33%9.33 \% (2016). The equity share in the balance sheet liability is 65.03 % 65.03 % 65.03%65.03 \% (2015) and 67.09 % 67.09 % 67.09%67.09 \% (2016). Within the equity category, the items of preferred and regular shares do not differ much if we compare their participation in both periods for the fact that the enterprise during this period did not issue any type of share. Preferred shares participate 0.8 % 0.8 % 0.8%0.8 \% (2015) and 0.7 % 0.7 % 0.7%0.7 \% (2016), while ordinary shares 0.50 % 0.50 % 0.50%0.50 \% (2015) and 0.43 % 0.43 % 0.43%0.43 \% (2016). Slightly larger change is observed in retained earnings which in the total liabilities for 2015 participates 62.66 % 62.66 % 62.66%62.66 \%, while 66.26 % 66.26 % 66.26%66.26 \% for 2016.
根据 2015-2016 年的垂直分析结果,我们看到 2016 年的流动资产在总资产中占比为 48.20 % 48.20 % 48.20%48.20 \% ,而 2015 年为 45.89 % 45.89 % 45.89%45.89 \% ,2016 年的流动资产在总计中占比为 51.80 % 51.80 % 51.80%51.80 \% ,2015 年为 54.11 % 54.11 % 54.11%54.11 \% ,在这个结构中,土地、工厂和设备在两个时期(2015 年和 2016 年)中占比最大 39.82 % 39.82 % 39.82%39.82 \% (2015 年)和 37.82 % 37.82 % 37.82%37.82 \% (2016 年),其次是应收账款 15.50 % 15.50 % 15.50%15.50 \% (2015 年)和 14.73 % 14.73 % 14.73%14.73 \% (2016 年),该项目在未收回的情况下存在转变为坏账的潜在风险,而货币分别在 2015 年占比为 9.43 % 9.43 % 9.43%9.43 \% ,2016 年占比为 10.38 % 10.38 % 10.38%10.38 \% 。负债在 2016 年的总负债中占比为 32.91 % 32.91 % 32.91%32.91 \% ,而 2015 年为 34.97 % 34.97 % 34.97%34.97 \% 。在这两年中,负债结构内的参与度变化不大,2015 年短期负债占比为 28.45 % 28.45 % 28.45%28.45 \% ,长期负债占比为 6.53 % 6.53 % 6.53%6.53 \% ,而 2016 年分别为 25.92 % 25.92 % 25.92%25.92 \% 6.99 % 6.99 % 6.99%6.99 \% 。如果考虑所有负债项目,应付账款在 2015 年和 2016 年占比最大,分别为 11.88 % 11.88 % 11.88%11.88 \% 9.33 % 9.33 % 9.33%9.33 \% 。资产负债表中权益的占比为 65.03 % 65.03 % 65.03%65.03 \% (2015 年)和 67.09 % 67.09 % 67.09%67.09 \% (2016 年)。 在权益类别中,优先股和普通股的项目在两个时期的参与度差异不大,因为企业在此期间没有发行任何类型的股票。优先股在 0.8 % 0.8 % 0.8%0.8 \% (2015 年)和 0.7 % 0.7 % 0.7%0.7 \% (2016 年)中参与,而普通股在 0.50 % 0.50 % 0.50%0.50 \% (2015 年)和 0.43 % 0.43 % 0.43%0.43 \% (2016 年)中参与。留存收益的变化稍大,2015 年的总负债中参与 62.66 % 62.66 % 62.66%62.66 \% ,而 2016 年为 66.26 % 66.26 % 66.26%66.26 \%


在收入报表方面,2015 年的销售收入中,销售成本占比为 67.97 % 67.97 % 67.97%67.97 \% ,而 2016 年为 62.98 % 62.98 % 62.98%62.98 \% ,毛利润 32.03 % 32.03 % 32.03%32.03 \% 在 2015 年的销售收入中占比略有不同,2016 年毛利润在销售收入中的占比为 37.02 % 37.02 % 37.02%37.02 \% 。两年间,营业费用的占比几乎相同,分别为 22.55 % 22.55 % 22.55%22.55 \% (2015 年)和 22.58 % 22.58 % 22.58%22.58 \% (2016 年),2015 年的营业利润在销售收入中占比为 9.48 % 9.48 % 9.48%9.48 \% ,而 2016 年为 14.44 % 14.44 % 14.44%14.44 \% 。2016 年总收入中,净利润为 11.86 % 11.86 % 11.86%11.86 \% ,而 2015 年为 8.34 % 8.34 % 8.34%8.34 \%


从 2017-2018 年的垂直分析中,我们可以看到流动资产和非流动资产在总资产中的比例几乎是成比例的,2017 年流动资产的比例为 51.74 % 51.74 % 51.74%51.74 \% ,非流动资产为 48.26 % 48.26 % 48.26%48.26 \% ,而在 2018 年流动资产的比例为 49.97 % 49.97 % 49.97%49.97 \% ,非流动资产为 50.03 % 50.03 % 50.03%50.03 \% 。在这一类别中,土地、工厂和设备占据了最大份额,两个时期的比例均为 35 % 35 % 35%35 \% ,从这一结果我们可以得出结论,公司在这一项目上进行了投资,因为其并未因折旧而减少,反而与 2017 年相比有所增加。其他参与比例较高的项目包括短期金融工具,2017 年的参与比例为 17.15 % 17.15 % 17.15%17.15 \% ,2018 年为 18.09 % 18.09 % 18.09%18.09 \% ,应收账款的参与比例为 13.02 % 13.02 % 13.02%13.02 \% (2017 年)和 12.25 % 12.25 % 12.25%12.25 \% (2018 年),这些项目存在转变为坏账的风险,因为存在无法收回的可能性。在资产负债表中,负债在 2017 年的参与比例为 29.92 % 29.92 % 29.92%29.92 \% ,2018 年为 27.25 % 27.25 % 27.25%27.25 \% ,具体而言,短期负债在 2017 年的参与比例为 23.97 % 23.97 % 23.97%23.97 \% ,2018 年为 22.57 % 22.57 % 22.57%22.57 \% ,而长期负债在 2017 年的参与比例为 5.95 % 5.95 % 5.95%5.95 \% ,2018 年为 4.48 % 4.48 % 4.48%4.48 \% 。 负债项目中没有任何一项占有显著份额,然而可以注意到的是,“三星”已证明其作为一个值得信赖的合作伙伴,因为它在很大程度上偿还了应付账款,这一点可以通过参与比例来证明,2017 年应付账款的份额为 8.24 % 8.24 % 8.24%8.24 \% ,而 2018 年的份额为 3.43 % 3.43 % 3.43%3.43 \% 。2017 年资产负债表中权益的份额为 70.08 % 70.08 % 70.08%70.08 \% ,而 2018 年为 72.95 % 72.95 % 72.95%72.95 \% ,在权益中最大份额由留存收益占据,2017 年为 69.42 % 69.42 % 69.42%69.42 \% ,2018 年为 73.57 % 73.57 % 73.57%73.57 \%


从财务报表的分析中可以看出,2017 年销售成本占比为 60.21 % 60.21 % 60.21%60.21 \% ,2018 年为 62.21 % 62.21 % 62.21%62.21 \% ,毛利润分别为 39.79 % 39.79 % 39.79%39.79 \% (2017 年)和 37.79 % 37.79 % 37.79%37.79 \% (2018 年),运营费用在总收入中的占比为 23.70 % 23.70 % 23.70%23.70 \% (2017 年)和 25.65 % 25.65 % 25.65%25.65 \% (2018 年)。可以注意到,两期之间各项百分比的差异为 2 % 2 % 2%2 \% ,净利润也是如此,2017 年净利润在销售收入中的占比为 13.33 % 13.33 % 13.33%13.33 \% ,而 2018 年为 11.35 % 11.35 % 11.35%11.35 \%


8. 从提出的假设中获得的结果


8.1 测试第一个假设


理解投资增长作为整体企业潜在增长的目的代表了本文的目标。第一个假设是,外国投资的增加,如三星在 2015-2018 年期间所做的,将对企业的增长产生积极影响。


因此,从假设检验中我们得出原假设和备择假设。它们如下:


H1o 外国投资的增长,如三星在 2015-2018 年期间所做的,将对创业增长产生积极影响

H1a:外国投资的增加,如三星在 2015-2018 年期间所做的,将对企业的增长产生负面影响。

为了验证这一假设,使用了回归分析,结果如下:

表 10. 回归分析第一假设-方差分析

  模型摘要 b ^("b "){ }^{\text {b }}

  模型 R R   调整后的 R
标准误差
  变更统计
  R 平方 F   显著性 F
  正方形   正方形   估计   变化   变化 df1 df2   变化
1 .436 a .436 .436^("a ").436^{\text {a }} . 190 . 162 . 763 . 190 6.758 4115 . 000
Model R R Adjusted R Std. Error of the Change Statistics R Square F Sig. F Square Square Estimate Change Change df1 df2 Change 1 .436^("a ") . 190 . 162 . 763 . 190 6.758 4115 . 000| Model | R | R | Adjusted R | Std. Error of the | Change Statistics | | | | | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | | | | | | | R Square | F | | Sig. F | | | | Square | Square | Estimate | Change | Change | df1 df2 | Change | | 1 | $.436^{\text {a }}$ | . 190 | . 162 | . 763 | . 190 | 6.758 | 4115 | . 000 |

a. 预测变量:(常数),企业特定部门的资源可用性,企业吸引投资兴趣的成就,外资及其在企业中的分布,潜在投资的计划资源分配

  b. 因变量:

外国投资增加及其对创业的影响

表 11. 回归分析第一假设-方差分析
  方差分析 a a ^(a)^{\mathbf{a}}
  模型   平方和 df   均方 F   显著性
1   回归 15.719 4 3.930 6.758 .000 b .000 b .000^(b).000^{\mathrm{b}}
  残差 66.872 115 .581
  总计 82.592 119
ANOVA ^(a) Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 15.719 4 3.930 6.758 .000^(b) Residual 66.872 115 .581 Total 82.592 119 | ANOVA $^{\mathbf{a}}$ | | | | | | | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | Model | | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | Sig. | | 1 | Regression | 15.719 | 4 | 3.930 | 6.758 | $.000^{\mathrm{b}}$ | | | Residual | 66.872 | 115 | .581 | | | | | Total | 82.592 | 119 | | | |

  因变量:


外国投资增加及其对创业的影响


b. 预测因素:(常数),企业特定部门的资源可用性,企业成就以激发投资兴趣,外资及其在企业中的分布,潜在投资的计划资源分配


图 23. 回归分析第一假设-直方图


图 24. 回归分析第一假设 - 正态概率图


图表 25. 回归分析第一假设

对于第一个假设,R 平方的值为 0.190,显著性水平为 0。


这使我们理解,外国投资增长及其对创业的影响可以通过 19.0 % 19.0 % 19.0%19.0 \% 来确定或预测。


因此,员工对投资的渴望产生了重大影响。独立变量如企业特定部门的资源可用性、企业吸引投资兴趣的成就、外资及其在企业中的分布、资源分配的潜在投资计划等,标志着重大影响。值“Sig. 000”证实了这一结果,因为 P < 0.05 P < 0.05 P < 0.05\mathrm{P}<0.05


因此,假设 H1o:在 2015-2018 年期间,三星所做的外国投资增加将对企业的增长产生积极影响,根据使用的程序 SPSS 和所用模型:回归,原假设被接受,备择假设被拒绝。


8.2 第二假设的测试

  第二假设


识别应收账款增加和应付账款减少对本文下一个目标的影响。第二个假设是:企业中应收账款的增加和应付账款的减少将对企业产生积极影响。


因此,从假设检验中我们得出原假设和备择假设。它们如下:


H2o:增加应收账款和减少应付账款将对企业产生积极影响。

H2a:增加应收账款和减少应付账款会对企业产生负面影响。


为了验证这一假设,使用了回归分析,结果如下:

表 12. 回归分析第二假设-方差分析
  模型摘要 b ^("b "){ }^{\text {b }}
  模型 R   R 平方
  调整后的 R 平方
Adjusted R Square| Adjusted R | | :--- | | Square |

估计的标准误差
  变更统计
  R 平方变化   F 变化 df1 df2
  显著性 F 变化
Sig. F Change| Sig. F | | :--- | | Change |
1 . 508 a 508 508^("a ")508^{\text {a }} . 258 . 232 . 773 . 258 9.977 4 115 . 000
Model Summary ^("b ") Model R R Square "Adjusted R Square" Std. Error of the Estimate Change Statistics R Square Change F Change df1 df2 "Sig. F Change" 1 . 508^("a ") . 258 . 232 . 773 . 258 9.977 4 115 . 000| Model Summary ${ }^{\text {b }}$ | | | | | | | | | | | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | | Model | R | R Square | Adjusted R <br> Square | Std. Error of the Estimate | Change Statistics | | | | | | | | | | | R Square Change | F Change | df1 | df2 | Sig. F <br> Change | | 1 | . $508^{\text {a }}$ | . 258 | . 232 | . 773 | . 258 | 9.977 | 4 | 115 | . 000 |

a. 预测变量:(常数),愿意增加销售以促进投资增长,减少企业应付账款,愿意减少采购以促进投资增长,增加风险投资的应收账款


b. 因变量:增加应收账款和减少应付账款

表 13. 回归分析第二假设-方差分析
  方差分析 a a ^(a)^{\mathbf{a}}   平方和 df   均方 F   显著性
  模型   回归 23.853 4 5.963 9.977
  残差 68.738 115 .598
  总计 92.592 119
ANOVA ^(a) Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Model Regression 23.853 4 5.963 9.977 Residual 68.738 115 .598 Total 92.592 119 | ANOVA $^{\mathbf{a}}$ | | | | | | | | | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | Sig. | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | | Model | Regression | 23.853 | 4 | 5.963 | 9.977 | | | | | | | | | | | Residual | 68.738 | 115 | .598 | | | | | | | | | | | | Total | 92.592 | 119 | | | | | | | | | | |

a. 因变量:增加应收账款和减少应付账款


b. 预测变量:(常数),愿意增加销售以促进投资增长,减少企业应付账款,愿意减少采购以促进投资增长,增加风险投资的应收账款


图表 26. 回归分析第二假设-直方图


图 27. 回归分析第二假设 - 正态概率图


图表 28. 回归分析第二假设对于第二个假设,R 平方值为 0.258,显著性水平为 0。这使我们理解员工认为应增加应收账款,并减少企业的应付账款,这可以被确定或预测为 25.8 % 25.8 % 25.8%25.8 \%

因此,员工对财务投资计划变更的渴望产生了重大影响。企业应收账款的增加标志着这一重大影响。“Sig. 000”的值确认了这一结果,因为 P < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05<0.05

因此,H2o 假设:企业中应收账款增加和应付账款减少将对企业产生积极影响,依据使用的程序 SPSS 和所用模型:回归。原假设被接受,备择假设被拒绝。

  9. 结论


财务分析的目的是详细而客观地评估和分析过去财务企业的结果及其未来预测。财务分析极为重要,应在投资和风险投资时应用。

通过财务分析,投资者评估他们在公司的投资,并试图发现现有管理层可能存在的错误。通过财务分析,投资者试图识别被低估的公司,与其潜力相比。投资者使用财务报表分析来预测公司的未来现金流,或减少未来现金流的不确定性。通过财务分析,投资者不仅分析和预测未来现金流,还预测未来的流动性状况、盈利能力、债务和公司活动。


我们得出结论,三星在 2015 年至 2018 年期间旨在增加外资投资。通过研究,我们得出工人们强调,尽管外资的增加可能带来高坏账的潜在风险,但它们仍然增加了企业获得增长潜力的倾向。研究观察到,为了使外资的增加有效,客户数量必须增加。这在应收账款的增加和应付账款的减少中得到了体现。

  10. 建议


生成的建议如下:

  1. 增加外资投资,因为我们的研究表明,流动资产和非流动资产在总资产中的比例几乎是成比例的,并且具有增长潜力。

  2. 保持与三星迄今为止相同的运营费用,并保持如损益表所示的高运营利润。

  3. 继续通过增加客户增长的潜力来增加应收账款。

  4. 将应付账款保持在与三星相同的低水平,因为在负债结构中的参与具有很大的动力。

  参考文献


Wild, eds. (2004). 财务管理基础. 俄亥俄州:西南出版社。


布里厄姆,尤金·F.,& 米歇尔,C. 艾哈特,编. (2005). 财务管理:理论与实践. 俄亥俄州:西南出版社。

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Atrill, & McLaney (2002). 基础营销:全球管理者方法. 纽约:麦格劳-希尔。


乔伊,艾莉(2017)。托马斯·P,辛迪·D·埃德蒙兹,蔡博怡,菲利普·R·奥尔兹,南希·W。


赫曼森、爱德华兹和萨尔蒙森(1989)。基本管理会计概念。波士顿:麦格劳-希尔/欧文。

赫曼森,罗杰·H.,詹姆斯,唐·爱德华兹,& 萨尔蒙森,R. F. 主编。(1989)。会计原理。波士顿:BPI/IRWIN。


审计财务报表 - 三星。(2010-2020)。取自 http://www.samsung.com/us/aboutsamsung/investor_relations/financial_information/financial_statement.html

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