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  1. 外国投资的增加,例如三星在 2015-2016 年期间所做的,将如何影响企业?

  2. 应收账款的增加和应付账款的减少将如何影响企业?

  3.4 假设


从研究问题中推导出假设:

  1. 三星在 2015 年至 2018 年期间增加外资投资,将对企业的增长产生积极影响

  2. 增加企业的应收账款和减少应付账款将对企业产生积极影响

  4. 原始数据

  4.1 资产负债表

图 1. 三星截至 2018 年的资产负债表
  资产负债表项目   计数   2015 年   2016 年   2017 年   2018 年
  资产

货币及其等价物 流动资产

货币及其等价物
1 13,716,517 17,544,076 15,431,422 15,997,688

短期金融工具
2 10,764,546 16,243,056 34,798,353 39,602,713

可供出售金融资产
3 612,426 1,175,309 1,410,525 3,122,255
  应收账款 4 22,549,741 24,903,927 26,415,175 26,821,018
  进展 5 1,340,947 1,563,279 1,827,147 1,889,874
  预付费用 6 2,174,832 2,112,066 2,343,362 3,179,057
  库存 7 14,673,434 16,569,333 18,132,160 16,450,560

待售资产
8 0 0 2,574,370 613,177
  其他流动资产 9 923,288 1,365,023 2,023,680 1,705,275
  总流动资产 10 66,755,731 81,476,069 104,956,194 109,381,617
  非流动资产

可供出售金融资产
11 3,009,614 4,882,060 5,911,475 12,033,351

对其他企业的投资(合资)
12 8,593,193 8,202,305 6,085,750 4,970,515

土地、工厂和设备
13 57,925,451 63,938,701 71,540,214 76,824,309
  无形资产 14 3,132,514 3,482,126 3,772,008 4,545,904
  存款 15 739,299 760,613 0 0

长期费用的预付款
16 3,224,914 3,282,120 3,284,168 4,613,970

所得税预缴(利润)
17 1,664,724 2,349,062 4,379,589 4,299,986
  其他固定资产 18 412,746 678,919 2,927,627 2,217,933

总非流动资产
19 78,702,455 87,575,906 87,309,447 98,374,079
  总财产 20 145,458,186 169,051,975 192,265,641 207,755,696
  负债与资本
  短期负债
  应付账款 21 17,280,823 15,768,229 16,709,661 7,518,480
  短期贷款 22 9,012,904 7,883,253 6,101,125 7,627,338
  未赚取收入 23 1,354,433 1,416,928 1,616,899 1,355,780
  预扣税 24 1,601,223 902,226 1,114,419 1,103,482
  应计成本 25 7,304,386 8,864,864 10,750,052 12,232,143
  应付利润税 26 1,178,973 3,008,994 3,208,583 2,052,920
  贷款和债券 27 0 0 2,298,712 1,689,624

长期贷款的当前分期付款
28 28,281 932,695 0 0
  条款 29 3,281,240 4,719,310 6,383,470 5,691,565

待售负债
30 0 0 0 26,898

其他短期负债
31 334,839 321,120 443,450 10,111,780

总流动负债
32 41,377,102 43,817,619 48,626,371 49,410,010
Balance Sheet Items Counting Year 2015 Year 2016 Year 2017 Year 2018 Assets Money and its equivalents Current assets Money and its equivalents 1 13,716,517 17,544,076 15,431,422 15,997,688 Short-term financial instruments 2 10,764,546 16,243,056 34,798,353 39,602,713 Available-for-sale financial assets 3 612,426 1,175,309 1,410,525 3,122,255 A/R 4 22,549,741 24,903,927 26,415,175 26,821,018 Advances 5 1,340,947 1,563,279 1,827,147 1,889,874 Prepaid expenses 6 2,174,832 2,112,066 2,343,362 3,179,057 Inventory 7 14,673,434 16,569,333 18,132,160 16,450,560 Assets held for sale 8 0 0 2,574,370 613,177 Other current assets 9 923,288 1,365,023 2,023,680 1,705,275 Total current assets 10 66,755,731 81,476,069 104,956,194 109,381,617 Non-current assets Available-for-sale financial assets 11 3,009,614 4,882,060 5,911,475 12,033,351 Investments in other enterprises (j.v) 12 8,593,193 8,202,305 6,085,750 4,970,515 Land, factories and equipment 13 57,925,451 63,938,701 71,540,214 76,824,309 Intangible assets 14 3,132,514 3,482,126 3,772,008 4,545,904 deposits 15 739,299 760,613 0 0 Prepayment of long-term expenses 16 3,224,914 3,282,120 3,284,168 4,613,970 Income tax prepayment (profit) 17 1,664,724 2,349,062 4,379,589 4,299,986 Other fixed assets 18 412,746 678,919 2,927,627 2,217,933 Total non-current assets 19 78,702,455 87,575,906 87,309,447 98,374,079 TOTAL PROPERTY 20 145,458,186 169,051,975 192,265,641 207,755,696 Liabilities and Capital Short-term liabilities ACCOUNTS PAYABLE 21 17,280,823 15,768,229 16,709,661 7,518,480 Short-term loans 22 9,012,904 7,883,253 6,101,125 7,627,338 Unearned income 23 1,354,433 1,416,928 1,616,899 1,355,780 Withholding tax 24 1,601,223 902,226 1,114,419 1,103,482 Accrual costs 25 7,304,386 8,864,864 10,750,052 12,232,143 Profit tax payable 26 1,178,973 3,008,994 3,208,583 2,052,920 Loans and bonds 27 0 0 2,298,712 1,689,624 Current installment of long-term loans 28 28,281 932,695 0 0 Provisions 29 3,281,240 4,719,310 6,383,470 5,691,565 Liabilities held for sale 30 0 0 0 26,898 Other short-term liabilities 31 334,839 321,120 443,450 10,111,780 Total current liabilities 32 41,377,102 43,817,619 48,626,371 49,410,010| Balance Sheet Items | Counting | Year 2015 | Year 2016 | Year 2017 | Year 2018 | | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | | Assets | | | | | | | Money and its equivalents Current assets | | | | | | | Money and its equivalents | 1 | 13,716,517 | 17,544,076 | 15,431,422 | 15,997,688 | | Short-term financial instruments | 2 | 10,764,546 | 16,243,056 | 34,798,353 | 39,602,713 | | Available-for-sale financial assets | 3 | 612,426 | 1,175,309 | 1,410,525 | 3,122,255 | | A/R | 4 | 22,549,741 | 24,903,927 | 26,415,175 | 26,821,018 | | Advances | 5 | 1,340,947 | 1,563,279 | 1,827,147 | 1,889,874 | | Prepaid expenses | 6 | 2,174,832 | 2,112,066 | 2,343,362 | 3,179,057 | | Inventory | 7 | 14,673,434 | 16,569,333 | 18,132,160 | 16,450,560 | | Assets held for sale | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2,574,370 | 613,177 | | Other current assets | 9 | 923,288 | 1,365,023 | 2,023,680 | 1,705,275 | | Total current assets | 10 | 66,755,731 | 81,476,069 | 104,956,194 | 109,381,617 | | Non-current assets | | | | | | | Available-for-sale financial assets | 11 | 3,009,614 | 4,882,060 | 5,911,475 | 12,033,351 | | Investments in other enterprises (j.v) | 12 | 8,593,193 | 8,202,305 | 6,085,750 | 4,970,515 | | Land, factories and equipment | 13 | 57,925,451 | 63,938,701 | 71,540,214 | 76,824,309 | | Intangible assets | 14 | 3,132,514 | 3,482,126 | 3,772,008 | 4,545,904 | | deposits | 15 | 739,299 | 760,613 | 0 | 0 | | Prepayment of long-term expenses | 16 | 3,224,914 | 3,282,120 | 3,284,168 | 4,613,970 | | Income tax prepayment (profit) | 17 | 1,664,724 | 2,349,062 | 4,379,589 | 4,299,986 | | Other fixed assets | 18 | 412,746 | 678,919 | 2,927,627 | 2,217,933 | | Total non-current assets | 19 | 78,702,455 | 87,575,906 | 87,309,447 | 98,374,079 | | TOTAL PROPERTY | 20 | 145,458,186 | 169,051,975 | 192,265,641 | 207,755,696 | | Liabilities and Capital | | | | | | | Short-term liabilities | | | | | | | ACCOUNTS PAYABLE | 21 | 17,280,823 | 15,768,229 | 16,709,661 | 7,518,480 | | Short-term loans | 22 | 9,012,904 | 7,883,253 | 6,101,125 | 7,627,338 | | Unearned income | 23 | 1,354,433 | 1,416,928 | 1,616,899 | 1,355,780 | | Withholding tax | 24 | 1,601,223 | 902,226 | 1,114,419 | 1,103,482 | | Accrual costs | 25 | 7,304,386 | 8,864,864 | 10,750,052 | 12,232,143 | | Profit tax payable | 26 | 1,178,973 | 3,008,994 | 3,208,583 | 2,052,920 | | Loans and bonds | 27 | 0 | 0 | 2,298,712 | 1,689,624 | | Current installment of long-term loans | 28 | 28,281 | 932,695 | 0 | 0 | | Provisions | 29 | 3,281,240 | 4,719,310 | 6,383,470 | 5,691,565 | | Liabilities held for sale | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26,898 | | Other short-term liabilities | 31 | 334,839 | 321,120 | 443,450 | 10,111,780 | | Total current liabilities | 32 | 41,377,102 | 43,817,619 | 48,626,371 | 49,410,010 |
  长期负债
3 3 3 3 33\mathbf{3 3} 0 0 1 , 242 , 365 1 , 242 , 365 1,242,3651,242,365 1 , 288 , 004 1 , 288 , 004 1,288,0041,288,004
  长期贷款 3 4 3 4 34\mathbf{3 4} 1 , 195 , 149 1 , 195 , 149 1,195,1491,195,149 1 , 707 , 940 1 , 707 , 940 1,707,9401,707,940 933,495 96,581
  应付负债 3 5 3 5 35\mathbf{3 5} 956,777 1 , 088 , 489 1 , 088 , 489 1,088,4891,088,489 998,537 2 , 433 , 999 2 , 433 , 999 2,433,9992,433,999

净确定福利义务
3 6 3 6 36\mathbf{3 6} 0 0 1 , 757 , 701 1 , 757 , 701 1,757,7011,757,701 191,262

负债 其他无担保长期债券
3 7 3 7 37\mathbf{3 7} 3 , 438 , 028 3 , 438 , 028 3,438,0283,438,028 3 , 382 , 530 3 , 382 , 530 3,382,5303,382,530 0 0
  养老金负债 3 8 3 8 38\mathbf{3 8} 1 , 044 , 896 1 , 044 , 896 1,044,8961,044,896 1 , 615 , 105 1 , 615 , 105 1,615,1051,615,105 0 0

应付利润税(所得税)
3 9 3 9 39\mathbf{3 9} 2 , 178 , 547 2 , 178 , 547 2,178,5472,178,547 3 , 201 , 818 3 , 201 , 818 3,201,8183,201,818 5 , 697 , 310 5 , 697 , 310 5,697,3105,697,310 3 , 892 , 667 3 , 892 , 667 3,892,6673,892,667
  条款 4 0 4 0 40\mathbf{4 0} 339,112 381,411 436,771 474,295

其他长期负债
4 1 4 1 41\mathbf{4 1} 340,180 440,757 1 , 009 , 628 1 , 009 , 628 1,009,6281,009,628 1 , 427 , 368 1 , 427 , 368 1,427,3681,427,368
  总义务 4 3 4 3 43\mathbf{4 3} 5 0 , 8 6 9 , 7 9 1 5 0 , 8 6 9 , 7 9 1 50,869,791\mathbf{5 0 , 8 6 9 , 7 9 1} 5 5 , 6 3 5 , 6 6 9 5 5 , 6 3 5 , 6 6 9 55,635,669\mathbf{5 5 , 6 3 5 , 6 6 9} 6 0 , 7 0 2 , 1 7 8 6 0 , 7 0 2 , 1 7 8 60,702,178\mathbf{6 0 , 7 0 2 , 1 7 8} 5 9 , 2 1 4 , 1 8 6 5 9 , 2 1 4 , 1 8 6 59,214,186\mathbf{5 9 , 2 1 4 , 1 8 6}
  股权
  普通股 4 5 4 5 45\mathbf{4 5} 726,400 726,400 737,276 739,097
  股票溢价 4 6 4 6 46\mathbf{4 6} 4 , 111 , 561 4 , 111 , 561 4,111,5614,111,561 4 , 111 , 561 4 , 111 , 561 4,111,5614,111,561 4 , 173 , 119 4 , 173 , 119 4,173,1194,173,119 4 , 183 , 426 4 , 183 , 426 4,183,4264,183,426
  留存收益 4 7 4 7 47\mathbf{4 7} 91 , 142 , 630 91 , 142 , 630 91,142,63091,142,630 112 , 020 , 996 112 , 020 , 996 112,020,996112,020,996 140 , 813 , 307 140 , 813 , 307 140,813,307140,813,307 161 , 042 , 656 161 , 042 , 656 161,042,656161,042,656
  其他储备 4 8 4 8 48\mathbf{4 8} 5 , 446 , 639 5 , 446 , 639 -5,446,639-5,446,639 7 , 649 , 185 7 , 649 , 185 -7,649,185-7,649,185 8 , 963 , 398 8 , 963 , 398 -8,963,398-8,963,398 12 , 092 , 132 12 , 092 , 132 -12,092,132-12,092,132

其他综合收益
4 9 4 9 49\mathbf{4 9} 0 0 76,091
  失控的兴趣 5 0 5 0 50\mathbf{5 0} 3 , 942 , 906 3 , 942 , 906 3,942,9063,942,906 4 , 094 , 997 4 , 094 , 997 4,094,9974,094,997 5 , 281 , 336 5 , 281 , 336 5,281,3365,281,336 5 , 610 , 775 5 , 610 , 775 5,610,7755,610,775
EQUITY 5 1 5 1 51\mathbf{5 1} 9 4 , 5 8 8 , 3 9 5 9 4 , 5 8 8 , 3 9 5 94,588,395\mathbf{9 4 , 5 8 8 , 3 9 5} 1 1 3 , 4 1 6 , 3 0 6 1 1 3 , 4 1 6 , 3 0 6 113,416,306\mathbf{1 1 3 , 4 1 6 , 3 0 6} 1 4 2 , 1 5 4 , 8 4 7 1 4 2 , 1 5 4 , 8 4 7 142,154,847\mathbf{1 4 2 , 1 5 4 , 8 4 7} 1 5 9 , 6 7 3 , 3 9 9 1 5 9 , 6 7 3 , 3 9 9 159,673,399\mathbf{1 5 9 , 6 7 3 , 3 9 9}
  优先股 4 4 4 4 44\mathbf{4 4} 111,537 111,537 113,207 113,486

总长期负债
4 2 4 2 42\mathbf{4 2} 8 , 2 9 7 , 5 4 0 8 , 2 9 7 , 5 4 0 8,297,540\mathbf{8 , 2 9 7 , 5 4 0} 1 0 , 1 1 0 , 1 1 0 1 0 , 1 1 0 , 1 1 0 10,110,110\mathbf{1 0 , 1 1 0 , 1 1 0} 1 2 , 0 7 5 , 8 0 7 1 2 , 0 7 5 , 8 0 7 12,075,807\mathbf{1 2 , 0 7 5 , 8 0 7} 9 , 8 0 4 , 1 7 6 9 , 8 0 4 , 1 7 6 9,804,176\mathbf{9 , 8 0 4 , 1 7 6}

总负债和资本
5 2 5 2 52\mathbf{5 2} 1 4 5 , 4 5 8 , 1 8 6 1 4 5 , 4 5 8 , 1 8 6 145,458,186\mathbf{1 4 5 , 4 5 8 , 1 8 6} 1 6 9 , 0 5 1 , 9 7 5 1 6 9 , 0 5 1 , 9 7 5 169,051,975\mathbf{1 6 9 , 0 5 1 , 9 7 5} 2 0 2 , 8 5 7 , 0 2 5 2 0 2 , 8 5 7 , 0 2 5 202,857,025\mathbf{2 0 2 , 8 5 7 , 0 2 5} 2 1 8 , 8 8 7 , 5 8 5 2 1 8 , 8 8 7 , 5 8 5 218,887,585\mathbf{2 1 8 , 8 8 7 , 5 8 5}
Long-term liabilities 33 0 0 1,242,365 1,288,004 Long-term loans 34 1,195,149 1,707,940 933,495 96,581 LIABILITIES PAYABLE 35 956,777 1,088,489 998,537 2,433,999 Net defined benefit obligations 36 0 0 1,757,701 191,262 Liabilities Other unsecured long-term bonds 37 3,438,028 3,382,530 0 0 Pension liability 38 1,044,896 1,615,105 0 0 Profit tax (income) payable 39 2,178,547 3,201,818 5,697,310 3,892,667 Provisions 40 339,112 381,411 436,771 474,295 Other long-term liabilities 41 340,180 440,757 1,009,628 1,427,368 TOTAL OBLIGATIONS 43 50,869,791 55,635,669 60,702,178 59,214,186 Equity Ordinary shares 45 726,400 726,400 737,276 739,097 Premium from shares 46 4,111,561 4,111,561 4,173,119 4,183,426 Retained earnings 47 91,142,630 112,020,996 140,813,307 161,042,656 Other reserves 48 -5,446,639 -7,649,185 -8,963,398 -12,092,132 Other comprehensive income 49 0 0 76,091 Uncontrolled interest 50 3,942,906 4,094,997 5,281,336 5,610,775 EQUITY 51 94,588,395 113,416,306 142,154,847 159,673,399 Preferential shares 44 111,537 111,537 113,207 113,486 Total long-term liabilities 42 8,297,540 10,110,110 12,075,807 9,804,176 Total liabilities and capital 52 145,458,186 169,051,975 202,857,025 218,887,585| Long-term liabilities | | | | | | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | | $\mathbf{3 3}$ | 0 | 0 | $1,242,365$ | $1,288,004$ | | Long-term loans | $\mathbf{3 4}$ | $1,195,149$ | $1,707,940$ | 933,495 | 96,581 | | LIABILITIES PAYABLE | $\mathbf{3 5}$ | 956,777 | $1,088,489$ | 998,537 | $2,433,999$ | | Net defined benefit obligations | $\mathbf{3 6}$ | 0 | 0 | $1,757,701$ | 191,262 | | Liabilities Other unsecured long-term bonds | $\mathbf{3 7}$ | $3,438,028$ | $3,382,530$ | 0 | 0 | | Pension liability | $\mathbf{3 8}$ | $1,044,896$ | $1,615,105$ | 0 | 0 | | Profit tax (income) payable | $\mathbf{3 9}$ | $2,178,547$ | $3,201,818$ | $5,697,310$ | $3,892,667$ | | Provisions | $\mathbf{4 0}$ | 339,112 | 381,411 | 436,771 | 474,295 | | Other long-term liabilities | $\mathbf{4 1}$ | 340,180 | 440,757 | $1,009,628$ | $1,427,368$ | | TOTAL OBLIGATIONS | $\mathbf{4 3}$ | $\mathbf{5 0 , 8 6 9 , 7 9 1}$ | $\mathbf{5 5 , 6 3 5 , 6 6 9}$ | $\mathbf{6 0 , 7 0 2 , 1 7 8}$ | $\mathbf{5 9 , 2 1 4 , 1 8 6}$ | | Equity | | | | | | | Ordinary shares | $\mathbf{4 5}$ | 726,400 | 726,400 | 737,276 | 739,097 | | Premium from shares | $\mathbf{4 6}$ | $4,111,561$ | $4,111,561$ | $4,173,119$ | $4,183,426$ | | Retained earnings | $\mathbf{4 7}$ | $91,142,630$ | $112,020,996$ | $140,813,307$ | $161,042,656$ | | Other reserves | $\mathbf{4 8}$ | $-5,446,639$ | $-7,649,185$ | $-8,963,398$ | $-12,092,132$ | | Other comprehensive income | $\mathbf{4 9}$ | 0 | 0 | | 76,091 | | Uncontrolled interest | $\mathbf{5 0}$ | $3,942,906$ | $4,094,997$ | $5,281,336$ | $5,610,775$ | | EQUITY | $\mathbf{5 1}$ | $\mathbf{9 4 , 5 8 8 , 3 9 5}$ | $\mathbf{1 1 3 , 4 1 6 , 3 0 6}$ | $\mathbf{1 4 2 , 1 5 4 , 8 4 7}$ | $\mathbf{1 5 9 , 6 7 3 , 3 9 9}$ | | Preferential shares | $\mathbf{4 4}$ | 111,537 | 111,537 | 113,207 | 113,486 | | Total long-term liabilities | $\mathbf{4 2}$ | $\mathbf{8 , 2 9 7 , 5 4 0}$ | $\mathbf{1 0 , 1 1 0 , 1 1 0}$ | $\mathbf{1 2 , 0 7 5 , 8 0 7}$ | $\mathbf{9 , 8 0 4 , 1 7 6}$ | | Total liabilities and capital | $\mathbf{5 2}$ | $\mathbf{1 4 5 , 4 5 8 , 1 8 6}$ | $\mathbf{1 6 9 , 0 5 1 , 9 7 5}$ | $\mathbf{2 0 2 , 8 5 7 , 0 2 5}$ | $\mathbf{2 1 8 , 8 8 7 , 5 8 5}$ |

图表 1. 三星资产负债表


4.2 收入和支出报表


表 1. 2018 年之前的收入和支出报表
ITEMS   计数   2015 年   2016 年   2017 年   2018 年
  销售收入 5 3 5 3 53\mathbf{5 3} 1 5 4 , 0 4 8 , 8 9 5 1 5 4 , 0 4 8 , 8 9 5 154,048,895\mathbf{1 5 4 , 0 4 8 , 8 9 5} 1 8 7 , 7 5 4 , 2 8 3 1 8 7 , 7 5 4 , 2 8 3 187,754,283\mathbf{1 8 7 , 7 5 4 , 2 8 3} 2 1 6 , 7 0 8 , 6 7 7 2 1 6 , 7 0 8 , 6 7 7 216,708,677\mathbf{2 1 6 , 7 0 8 , 6 7 7} 1 9 5 , 8 8 2 , 9 5 5 1 9 5 , 8 8 2 , 9 5 5 195,882,955\mathbf{1 9 5 , 8 8 2 , 9 5 5}

销售成本
5 4 5 4 54\mathbf{5 4} ( 104 , 700 , 887 ) ( 104 , 700 , 887 ) (104,700,887)(104,700,887) ( 118 , 244 , 730 ) ( 118 , 244 , 730 ) (118,244,730)(118,244,730) ( 130 , 480 , 72 ) ( 130 , 480 , 72 ) (130,480,72)(130,480,72) ( 121 , 856 , 939 ) ( 121 , 856 , 939 ) (121,856,939)(121,856,939)
  毛利润 5 5 5 5 55\mathbf{5 5} 4 9 , 3 4 8 , 0 0 8 4 9 , 3 4 8 , 0 0 8 49,348,008\mathbf{4 9 , 3 4 8 , 0 0 8} 6 9 , 5 0 9 , 5 5 3 6 9 , 5 0 9 , 5 5 3 69,509,553\mathbf{6 9 , 5 0 9 , 5 5 3} 8 6 , 2 2 7 , 9 5 2 8 6 , 2 2 7 , 9 5 2 86,227,952\mathbf{8 6 , 2 2 7 , 9 5 2} 7 4 , 0 2 6 , 0 1 6 7 4 , 0 2 6 , 0 1 6 74,026,016\mathbf{7 4 , 0 2 6 , 0 1 6}
  运营费用 5 6 5 6 56\mathbf{5 6} ( 34 , 742 , 191 ) ( 34 , 742 , 191 ) (34,742,191)(34,742,191)