Volume 3: General QD Criteria FOR ACCIDENTAL DETONATIONS 第 3 卷:意外引爆的一般质量标准
V3.1. INTRODUCTION. This volume provides general QD criteria for the accidental detonation of HD 1.1 through 1.6 AE and HD 6.1 items containing toxic CAs. V3.1.引言本卷规定了HD1.1至1.6AE和HD6.1含毒性CA物品意外引爆的一般QD标准。
V3.E3.1.1. Permissible Exposures to Airblast Overpressure V3.E3.1.1.气爆超压允许暴露量
V3.E3.1.1.1. 12psi[82.712 \mathrm{psi}[82.7 kilopascals (kPa)](\mathrm{kPa})] at 9W^(1//3)9 \mathrm{~W}^{1 / 3} where W is weight in pounds (lbs) [3.57Q^(1//3):}\left[3.57 \mathrm{Q}^{1 / 3}\right. where Q is NEQ in kilograms {:(kg)]\left.(\mathrm{kg})\right]. Barricading is required. V3.E3.1.1.1. 12psi[82.712 \mathrm{psi}[82.7 千帕 (kPa)](\mathrm{kPa})] , 9W^(1//3)9 \mathrm{~W}^{1 / 3} ,其中 W 为重量(磅) [3.57Q^(1//3):}\left[3.57 \mathrm{Q}^{1 / 3}\right. ,其中 Q 为净重(千克) {:(kg)]\left.(\mathrm{kg})\right] 。需要设置路障。
V3.E3.1.1.1.1. Buildings that house the following are permitted at this overpressure: V3.E3.1.1.1.允许在此超压下建造容纳以下设备的建筑物:
V3.E3.1.1.1.1.1. Successive steps of a single production, renovation, or maintenance operation. V3.E3.1.1.1.1.单一生产、翻新或维护操作的连续步骤。
V3.E3.1.1.1.1.2. A security alert force. v3.e3.1.1.1.2.安全警报部队。
V3.E3.1.1.1.1.3. A tactical missile site, where greater distances from the PES cannot be provided for technical or tactical reasons. V3.E3.1.1.1.3.战术导弹发射场,由于技术或战术原因,无法与 PES 保持更远的距离。
V3.E3.1.1.1.1.4. Break rooms and change houses that are both part of an operating line and used exclusively by personnel operating the line. An exception is when the break room is integral to the PES and used only by personnel from that PES. For this situation, no QD applies. V3.E3.1.1.1.4.休息室和更衣室,既是作业线的一部分,又专供作业线人员使用。例外情况是休息室与PES是一体的,且仅由该PES的人员使用。在这种情况下,不适用合格证书。
V3.E3.1.1.1.1.5. Dunnage preparation or similar non-AE operations, if used only by personnel employed at the PES. V3.E3.1.1.1.5.如果仅由受雇于挤奶服务站的人员使用,则进行垫料准备或类似的非挤奶操作。
V3.E3.1.1.1.1.6. Temporary holding areas for AE conveyances servicing production or maintenance facilities. V3.E3.1.1.1.6.为生产或维护设施服务的 AE 运输工具的临时停放区。
V3.E3.1.1.1.1.7. AE-related operations in magazine areas, when performing minor maintenance, preservation, packaging, or surveillance inspection. V3.E3.1.1.1.7.在库区进行小型维护、保存、包装或监督检查时,与 AE 相关的操作。
V3.E3.1.1.1.1.8. Barricaded service magazines that are part of an operating line. Separation distances are based on the NEWQD and the HD of the AE in the magazine and not that in other parts of the operating line. V3.E3.1.1.1.8.作为作业线一部分的障碍物检修库。间隔距离基于新质量标准和弹药库内 AE 的 HD 值,而非作业线其他部分的 AE 值。
V3.E3.1.1.1.2. Exceptions include: V3.E3.1.1.1.2。例外情况包括
V3.E3.1.1.1.2.1. Unmanned auxiliary utility facilities (e.g., transformer stations, water treatment and pollution abatement facilities) that serve, but are not an integral function in, the PES and would not create an immediate secondary hazard if lost. Such unmanned facilities need not be barricaded. Paragraph V4.E5.2.2. addresses situations where auxiliary facilities v3.e3.1.1.2.1.无人值守的辅助公用设施(如变电站、水处理和污染消减设施),这些设施为持久性有机污染物提供服务,但并非持久性有机污染物的组成部分,且一旦丢失不会立即造成二次危害。此类无人值守设施无需设置路障。第 V4.E5.2.2 段涉及辅助设施的情况
serving only one PES or AE operation may be separated from the facility or operation they support based only on fire separation distance. 仅为一个 PES 或 AE 运行服务的设施或运行只能根据防火间距进行隔离。
V3.E3.1.1.1.2.2. Unmanned auxiliary power generation or conversion facilities that exclusively supply power to an AE storage area or security fence lighting may be located at fire protection distance ( 50 feet ( ft ) [15.2 meters (m)] for non-combustible structures, 100 ft [30.5 m] for combustible structures) from AE facilities. V3.E3.1.1.2.2.专门为 AE 储存区或安全围栏照明供电的无人辅助发电或转换设施可与 AE 设施保持防火距离(非易燃结构为 50 英尺 [15.2 米],易燃结构为 100 英尺 [30.5 米])。
V3.E3.1.1.2.1. Facilities that house the following are permitted at this overpressure: V3.E3.1.1.2.1.允许在此超压下容纳以下设施:
V3.E3.1.1.2.1.1. Labor-intensive AE operations (e.g., surveillance, maintenance, inspection) closely related to the PES. V3.E3.1.1.2.1.1.与生态系统服务补偿密切相关的劳动密集型 AE 操作(如监视、维护、检查)。
V3.E3.1.1.2.1.2. Buildings, excluding magazine-area loading docks, for comfort, safety, or convenience (e.g., lunchrooms, motor pools, area offices, auxiliary fire stations, transportation dispatch points, and shipping and receiving buildings) that are used exclusively in support of the PES. V3.E3.1.1.2.1.2.为舒适、安全或方便(如午餐室、汽车库、区域办公室、辅助消防站、运输调度点、装运和接收建筑物)而专门用于支持公共服务电子化的建筑物,不包括杂志区装卸区。
V3.E3.1.1.2.1.3. Parallel operating lines, whether or not barricaded, provided the AE involved in each operating line present similar hazards. The criticality or survivability of one or more of the operating lines may require that each line be given IBD-level protection. V3.E3.1.1.2.1.3。平行作业线,无论是否有路障,只要每条作业线所涉及的AE具有类似的危险。一条或多条运行线路的关键性或生存性可能要求对每条线路提供 IBD 级保护。
V3.E3.1.1.2.1.4. Operational support buildings (e.g., day rooms, operation offices, and similar functions) that only personnel from the activity operating the PES use or attend. V3.E3.1.1.2.1.4。只有运营服务点的活动人员使用或参加的运营支持建筑(如日间活动室、运营办公室及类似功能)。
V3.E3.1.1.2.1.5. Training functions (e.g., classroom and field training of personnel who may be required to engage in AE work) that only personnel from the activity operating the PES use or attend. Maneuver areas, proving ground tracks, and similar facilities for armored vehicles also may be exposed to 3.5 psi [ 24 kPa ] because the vehicles provide adequate protection to the operators from fragments and debris. V3.E3.1.1.2.1.5。培训功能(例如,对可能需要从事AE工作的人员进行课堂和实地培训),只有操作PES的活动人员才能使用或参加。装甲车辆的操纵区、试验场轨道及类似设施也可能暴露在 3.5 psi [ 24 kPa ] 的压力下,因为这些车辆可为操作人员提供足够的保护,使其免受碎片和碎屑的伤害。
V3.E3.1.1.2.1.6. Maintenance of military vehicles or equipment that are located outside the United States, when the PES is a basic load or a ready storage area. In such cases: V3.E3.1.1.2.1.6.位于美国境外的军用车辆或设备的维护,当 PES 为基本装载或准备储存区时。在这种情况下
V3.E3.1.1.2.1.6.1. The NEWQD at each PES is limited to 8,818 pounds (lbs) [4,000 kilograms (kg)](\mathrm{kg})] or less. v3.e3.1.1.2.1.6.1.每个 PES 的新定量限值为 8,818 磅 (lbs) [4,000 千克 (kg)](\mathrm{kg})] 或以下。
V3.E3.1.1.2.1.6.2. The maintenance work must be performed exclusively for the unit for which the basic load of AE is stored. V3.E3.1.1.2.1.6.2.维护工作必须专门针对存储 AE 基本负载的设备进行。
V3.E3.1.1.2.1.7. Auxiliary power and utilities functions, including auxiliary power plants; compressor stations; electric power transformers; tool and consumable supplies storage and issue; and handling equipment service, battery charging, and minor repair. V3.E3.1.1.2.1.7.辅助动力和公用设施功能,包括辅助发电厂、压缩机站、电力变压器、工具和消耗品的储存和发放,以及搬运设备服务、电池充电和小型维修。
V3.E3.1.1.2.1.7.1. When such facilities serve an entire naval station or base complex, or when loss of the facility causes an immediate loss of vital function, the minimum exposure level is IBD (40-50 {:W^(1//3)[15.87-19.84Q^(1//3)])\left.\mathrm{W}^{1 / 3}\left[15.87-19.84 \mathrm{Q}^{1 / 3}\right]\right). V3.E3.1.1.2.1.7.1。当此类设施服务于整个海军基地或基地建筑群,或当该设施的损失导致重要功能立即丧失时,最低暴露等级为 IBD(40-50 {:W^(1//3)[15.87-19.84Q^(1//3)])\left.\mathrm{W}^{1 / 3}\left[15.87-19.84 \mathrm{Q}^{1 / 3}\right]\right) 。
V3.E3.1.1.2.1.7.2. Naval station “cold-iron” ship support facilities (e.g., supply and mechanical support) are excluded from QD criteria when they are not continuously manned; when they are serving only the waterfront area; and when the PES is a ship or AE handling location on the waterfront. V3.E3.1.1.2.1.7.2.海军基地的 "冷铁 "舰船支持设施(如补给和机械支持),如不持续有人驻守、仅为海滨区域服务、PES 为海滨的舰船或 AE 处理地点,则不在 QD 标准范围内。
V3.E3.1.1.2.1.8. Minimum distance between separate groups of AE-loaded, combat-configured aircraft or between aircraft and a pre-load or “quick-turn” site that serves to arm an aircraft. The use of intervening barricades is required to eliminate propagation by primary fragment impact, thereby eliminating the need to total NEWQD. Loading AE aboard aircraft can be accomplished within each group of aircraft without additional protection. V3.E3.1.1.2.1.8.装有 AE 的独立作战飞机群之间或飞机与用于武装飞机的预装或 "快速转场 "地点之间的最小距离。需要使用间隔路障来消除主要碎片撞击的传播,从而消除对整个 NEWQD 的需求。飞机上的 AE 装载可在每组飞机内完成,无需额外保护。
V3.E3.1.1.2.1.9. Unbarricaded service magazine separation distances are based on the NEWQD and the HD of the AE in the magazine and not that in other parts of the operating line. V3.E3.1.1.2.1.9。无障碍检修库的间隔距离是基于新质量标准和检修库内 AE 的 HD 值,而不是作业线其他部分的 HD 值。
V3.E3.1.1.2.1.10. Container stuffing and unstuffing operations that provide routine support to a PES. This applies only to main support functions that are set aside for support of ship-loading, depot, or manufacturing operations. When in connection with ship loading and unloading and the ES is an AE ship, the quantity at the container site governs. Container stuffing and unstuffing in a magazine area are permitted at IMD in accordance with paragraph V3.E3.1.5. Criteria applicable to the loading and unloading of a conveyance at a magazine are addressed in section V4.E5.19. v3.e3.1.1.2.1.10.v3.E3.1.2.1.10. 为PES提供日常支持的集装箱装载和卸载作业。这仅适用于为支持装船、仓库或制造作业而预留的主要支持功能。如果与装船和卸船有关,且 ES 为 AE 船舶,则以集装箱现场的数量为准。根据第V3.E3.1.5段的规定,允许在IMD的货仓区进行集装箱装载和卸载。适用于在货仓装卸运输工具的标准见第 V4.E5.19 节。
V3.E3.1.1.2.1.11. Combat aircraft support facilities: V3.E3.1.1.2.1.11.作战飞机辅助设施:
V3.E3.1.1.2.1.11.1. Between AE-loaded combat aircraft and those non-AE facilities that directly support the servicing and launching of a unit’s armed aircraft. Such facilities include operating facilities that handle AE on the flight line, or prepare and service armed aircraft, and facilities that house personnel who fly combat aircraft. V3.E3.1.1.2.1.11.1.装载 AE 的作战飞机与直接支持部队武装飞机维修和发射的非 AE 设施之间。此类设施包括在飞行线上处理 AE 的操作设施,或准备和维修武装飞机的设施,以及容纳驾驶作战飞机人员的设施。
V3.E3.1.1.2.1.11.2. Direct flight line combat aircraft associated facilities, which may contain field offices, break rooms, unit training rooms, and equipment and supply rooms, as well as petroleum, oils, and lubricants hydrant facilities, and civil engineer fire protection stations. Morale, welfare, and recreation (MWR) facilities; base civil engineering headquarters; and industrial facilities, including central base supply, are required to be at IBD. V3.E3.1.1.2.1.11.2.直飞航线作战飞机相关设施,可能包括战地办公室、休息室、部队训练室、设备和补给室,以及石油、机油和润滑油消防栓设施和土木工程消防站。士气、福利和娱乐(MWR)设施;基地土木工程总部;以及工业设施,包括基地中央供应站,都必须位于 IBD。
V3.E3.1.1.2.2. Exposures indicated in paragraphs V3.E3.1.1.2.1.1. through V3.E3.1.1.2.1.11. that are provided blast suppression and structure hardening to achieve comparable protection levels for personnel and equipment as provided by 18W^(1//3)[7.14Q^(1//3)]18 \mathrm{~W}^{1 / 3}\left[7.14 \mathrm{Q}^{1 / 3}\right] may be sited at 9W^(1//3)[3.57Q^(1//3)]9 \mathrm{~W}^{1 / 3}\left[3.57 \mathrm{Q}^{1 / 3}\right]. V3.E3.1.1.2.2.第 V3.E3.1.1.2.1.1 至 V3.E3.1.1.2.1.11.段中指出的爆炸点,如果提供了爆炸抑制和结构加固,以达到与 18W^(1//3)[7.14Q^(1//3)]18 \mathrm{~W}^{1 / 3}\left[7.14 \mathrm{Q}^{1 / 3}\right] 所提供的人员和设备保护水平相当的保护水平,则可选址于 9W^(1//3)[3.57Q^(1//3)]9 \mathrm{~W}^{1 / 3}\left[3.57 \mathrm{Q}^{1 / 3}\right] 。
V3.E3.1.1.4. 2.3-1.7 psi [15.8-11.7 kPa] at 24-30 ^(1//3)[9.52-11.9Q^(1//3)]{ }^{1 / 3}\left[9.52-11.9 \mathrm{Q}^{1 / 3}\right]. V3.E3.1.1.4.2.3-1.7 psi [15.8-11.7 kPa] at 24-30 ^(1//3)[9.52-11.9Q^(1//3)]{ }^{1 / 3}\left[9.52-11.9 \mathrm{Q}^{1 / 3}\right] 。
V3.E3.1.1.4.1. Public traffic routes (PTRs) with medium and low traffic densities, as described in paragraph V3.E3.1.2.1.1.5. V3.E3.1.1.4.1.第 V3.E3.1.2.1.1.5 段所述的中低交通密度公共交通线路 (PTR)。
V3.E3.1.1.4.2. On-base roads. The DoD Components may provide protection less than 60 percent of IBD to installation-related personnel transiting QD arcs when the risks are evaluated, documented, and in accordance with DoD Component-established procedures. Effective October 1, 2000, all new construction of AE storage and operating facilities, and any change in operations within existing facilities that increases the explosives safety risk, should provide both the general public and installation-related personnel who are not involved in munitions-related operations protection that provides a minimum of 60 percent of IBD. When a DoD Component determines exposures at less than 60 percent of IBD are necessary, the DoD Component should consider use of methods to inform transients of potential risks (e.g., written acknowledgment of the risk by vendors or others with a recurring need to transit the explosives safety quantity-distance (ESQD) area, warning signs, flashing lights, physical barriers). The DoD Component’s decision to provide transients protection at less than 60 percent of IBD will be: V3.E3.1.1.4.2.基地内道路。国防部各部门可根据国防部各部门制定的程序,为穿越QD弧的安装相关人员提供低于60%IBD的保护,但必须对风险进行评估和记录。自 2000 年 10 月 1 日起,所有新建造的 AE 储存和操作设施,以及现有设施内任何增加爆炸物安全风险的操作变化,都应为公众和未参与弹药相关操作的安装相关人员提供至少 60% 的 IBD 保护。当国防部组成部分确定有必要进行低于 60% IBD 的暴露时,国防部组成部分应考虑使用各种方法告知临时人员潜在风险(例如,供应商或其他经常需要经过爆炸物安全量程 (ESQD) 区域的人员书面确认风险、警告标志、闪光灯、物理屏障)。国防部组成部分将决定在低于 60% 的 IBD 提供瞬时保护:
V3.E3.1.1.4.2.1. Supported by a qualitative risk assessment considering factors such as: v3.e3.1.1.4.2.1.以定性风险评估为依据,考虑以下因素:
V3.E3.1.1.4.2.1.1. Operational necessity. v3.e3.1.1.4.2.1.1.操作必要性。
V3.E3.1.1.4.2.1.2. The operation being performed (e.g., static storage, maintenance, production). V3.E3.1.1.4.2.1.2。正在执行的操作(如静态存储、维护、生产)。
V3.E3.1.1.4.2.1.5. Traffic density. v3.e3.1.1.4.2.1.5.交通密度。
V3.E3.1.1.4.2.1.6. Accident records. v3.e3.1.1.4.2.1.6.事故记录
V3.E3.1.1.4.2.1.7. Time interval of exposure. v3.e3.1.1.4.2.1.7.接触时间间隔。
V3.E3.1.1.4.2.1.8. Type and quantity of AE in proximity to the area transited. V3.E3.1.1.4.2.1.8.过境区域附近的 AE 类型和数量。
V3.E3.1.1.4.2.1.9. The closest distance from the area transited to the PES. V3.E3.1.1.4.2.1.9.从过境区域到 PES 的最近距离。
V3.E3.1.1.4.2.1.10. The need for installation-related personnel to transit the ESQD arc. v3.e3.1.1.4.2.1.10.安装相关人员转运 ESQD 弧线的需求。
V3.E3.1.1.4.2.2. Reviewed as changes occur to operations, which would increase the explosives safety risk, or the number of exposed, and upon change of the approving authority. V3.E3.1.1.4.2.2。当操作发生变化,会增加爆炸物安全风险或暴露的数量,以及批准机构发生变化时进行审查。
V3.E3.1.1.4.3. Open-air recreation facilities (e.g., baseball diamonds, golf courses, and volleyball courts), which do not contain structures, used for MWR and community relations purposes at military installations and activities. As an exception, neither blast nor fragment criteria apply when such facilities are located near AE support operations and used by off-duty military, on-duty military, or DoD civilians or contractors (e.g., munitions workers, security guards, firefighters) who directly support these AE operations. However, such facilities should fully comply with this manual when possible. V3.E3.1.1.4.3.露天娱乐设施(如棒球场、高尔夫球场和排球场),不包含建筑物,用于军事设施和活动的 MWR 和社区关系目的。作为例外情况,如果此类设施位于 AE 支持行动附近,并由休班军人、在岗军人或直接支持这些 AE 行动的国防部文职人员或承包商(如弹药工人、保安、消防员)使用,则爆炸或碎片标准均不适用。不过,此类设施应尽可能完全遵守本手册。
V3.E3.1.1.4.4. Training areas (e.g., observation points, classrooms or other instruction areas for ranges, and similar fixed facilities designed for occasional use coincident with the use of the range). As an exception, to allow for realism in training, this separation does not apply to AE needed for any particular exercise or on-the-job training. However, this separation or equivalent protection is required from permanent PES and AE supply points. V3.E3.1.1.4.4.训练区域(如观察点、教室或其他靶场教学区域,以及为配合靶场使用而偶尔使用的类似固定设施)。作为例外,为使训练逼真,此隔离不适用于任何特定演习或在职训练所需的AE。不过,永久性的 PES 和 AE 供应点必须有这种隔离或同等保护。
V3.E3.1.1.4.5. Open-air aircraft passenger loading and unloading areas. V3.E3.1.1.4.5.露天飞机乘客装卸区。
V3.E3.1.1.4.6. Parking lots for administrative areas. Minimum fragment distances apply; see paragraph V3.E3.1.2. V3.E3.1.1.4.6.行政区域的停车场。适用最小碎片距离;见第 V3.E3.1.2 段。
V3.E3.1.1.4.7. Inert storage located in the open (no structures involved) when not directly related to the explosives mission and when accessed by personnel not directly related to the explosives mission. If located within a structure, apply paragraph V3.E3.1.1.6.9. V3.E3.1.1.4.7.与爆炸物任务无直接关系和与爆炸物任务无直接关系的人员进入的露天(不涉及结构)惰性贮存。如位于建筑物内,适用第V3.E3.1.1.6.9段。
V3.E3.1.1.5. 1.7psi[11.7kPa]1.7 \mathrm{psi}[11.7 \mathrm{kPa}] at 30W^(1//3)[11.9Q^(1//3)]30 \mathrm{~W}^{1 / 3}\left[11.9 \mathrm{Q}^{1 / 3}\right]. Combat aircraft parking areas (CAPAs) exposed to AE storage and operating facilities. V3.E3.1.1.5. 30W^(1//3)[11.9Q^(1//3)]30 \mathrm{~W}^{1 / 3}\left[11.9 \mathrm{Q}^{1 / 3}\right] 处的 1.7psi[11.7kPa]1.7 \mathrm{psi}[11.7 \mathrm{kPa}] 。暴露于 AE 储存和操作设施的作战飞机停放区 (CAPA)。
V3.E3.1.1.6. 1.2-0.90 psi [8.3-6.2 kPa] at 40-50W^(1//3)[15.87-19.84Q^(1//3)]40-50 \mathrm{~W}^{1 / 3}\left[15.87-19.84 \mathrm{Q}^{1 / 3}\right]. V3.E3.1.1.6. 40-50W^(1//3)[15.87-19.84Q^(1//3)]40-50 \mathrm{~W}^{1 / 3}\left[15.87-19.84 \mathrm{Q}^{1 / 3}\right] 时为 1.2-0.90 psi [8.3-6.2 kPa]。
V3.E3.1.1.6.1. Inhabited buildings and administrative and housing areas. V3.E3.1.1.6.1.有人居住的建筑物以及行政和住宅区。
V3.E3.1.1.6.2. An installation boundary, unless the area outside the boundary naturally prohibits access, is government land that is not open to the public, or access is restricted and controlled by other means. When IBD QD arcs penetrate an installation’s boundary, the Service must certify that IBD protection does not apply to the encumbered area and must establish procedures to monitor the area for any change in status. V3.E3.1.1.6.2.设施边界,除非边界外的区域自然禁止进入,是不向公众开放的政府土地,或以其他方式限制和控制进入。当 IBD QD 弧线穿透设施边界时,该处必须证明 IBD 保护不适用于设防区域,并必须制定程序以监控该区域的任何状态变化。
V3.E3.1.1.6.3. Recreation facilities (e.g., baseball diamonds, golf courses, and volleyball courts) that contain structures. V3.E3.1.1.6.3.包含建筑物的娱乐设施(如棒球场、高尔夫球场和排球场)。
V3.E3.1.1.6.4. Flight-line passenger service functions (e.g., terminal buildings). V3.E3.1.1.6.4.飞行线旅客服务功能(如航站楼)。
V3.E3.1.1.6.5. Main powerhouses that provide vital utilities to a major portion of an installation. V3.E3.1.1.6.5.为设施主要部分提供重要公用设施的主要动力室。
V3.E3.1.1.6.6. Shops that by reason of their vital strategic nature, or high intrinsic value of their contents, should not be placed at risk. V3.E3.1.1.6.6.由于其重要的战略性质或其内在的高价值而不应受到威胁的商店。
V3.E3.1.1.6.7. Functions that, if momentarily put out of action, would cause an immediate secondary hazard by reason of their failure to function. V3.E3.1.1.6.7。如果功能暂时失效,则会因其失效而造成直接的次生危险。
V3.E3.1.1.6.8. PTRs with high traffic density as described in paragraph V3.E3.1.2.1.1.5. V3.E3.1.1.6.8.V3.E3.1.2.1.1.5 段所述的高流量密度 PTR。
V3.E3.1.1.6.9. Inert storage located in a structure when not directly related to the explosives mission and when accessed by personnel not directly related to the explosives mission. If no structure is involved, apply paragraph V3.E3.1.1.4.7. V3.E3.1.1.6.9.与爆炸物任务无直接关系和与爆炸物任务无直接关系的人员进入的位于建筑物内的惰性储存。如不涉及建筑物,则适用第 V3.E3.1.1.4.7 段。
V3.E3.1.2. Minimum Fragment Distances V3.E3.1.2.最小碎片距离
V3.E3.1.2.1. The minimum distance for protection from hazardous fragments is based on primary and secondary fragments from the PES and the population or traffic density of the ES. It is defined as the distance at which the density of hazardous fragments becomes 1 per 600 square feet (ft^(2))\left(\mathrm{ft}^{2}\right) [ 55.7 square meters {:(m^(2))]\left.\left(\mathrm{m}^{2}\right)\right] (this distance is not the maximum fragment distance (MFD)). DDESB-approved analyses or approved tests may be used to determine minimum distances for primary and secondary fragments. DDESB Technical Paper 13 illustrates a method of determining minimal distances for building debris, while DDESB Technical Paper 16 provides similar information to determine minimal distances for primary fragments. In the absence of appropriate analyses or tests, default hazardous debris distances (HDDs) apply. V3.E3.1.2.1.危险碎片的最小防护距离是根据持久性有机污染物的主要碎片和次要碎片以及环境安全区的人口或交通密度确定的。其定义为危险碎片密度变为每 600 平方英尺 (ft^(2))\left(\mathrm{ft}^{2}\right) [ 55.7 平方米 {:(m^(2))]\left.\left(\mathrm{m}^{2}\right)\right] 1 个的距离(此距离不是最大碎片距离 (MFD))。DDESB 批准的分析或批准的测试可用于确定主要和次要碎片的最小距离。DDESB 技术文件 13 说明了确定建筑碎片最小距离的方法,而 DDESB 技术文件 16 则提供了类似的信息,以确定原生碎片的最小距离。如果没有适当的分析或测试,则适用默认的危险碎片距离 (HDD)。
V3.E3.1.2.1.1. For populous locations provided IBD protection, the minimum distance is the HFD. If this distance is not known: V3.E3.1.2.1.1.对于提供 IBD 保护的人口密集地点,最小距离为高频分解段。如果不知道该距离,则
V3.E3.1.2.1.1.1. For all types of HD 1.1 in quantities less than or equal to ( <=\leq ) 450 lbs [ 204 kg ] NEWQD, the HFD is determined according to the criteria in paragraphs V3.E3.1.2.1.1.1.1. through V3.E3.1.2.1.1.1.9. (PTRD is 60 percent of the specified HFD): V3.E3.1.2.1.1.1.对于数量小于或等于( <=\leq ) 450 磅[ 204 千克 ] 新定量的所有类型 HD 1.1,HFD 根据第 V3.E3.1.2.1.1.1 至 V3.E3.1.2.1.1.9 段中的标准确定(PTRD 为规定 HFD 的 60%):
V3.E3.1.2.1.1.1.1. For HD 1.1 in a 7-Bar or a 3-Bar ECM, use ECM distances shown in Table V3.E3.T1., as discussed in paragraph V3.E3.1.3. The ILD must be in accordance with paragraph V3.E3.1.4.1. V3.E3.1.2.1.1.1.对于 7-Bar 或 3-Bar ECM 中的 HD 1.1,如第 V3.E3.1.3 段所述,使用表 V3.E3.T1 中所示的 ECM 距离。ILD 必须符合第 V3.E3.1.4.1 段的规定。
V3.E3.1.2.1.1.1.2. For HD 1.1 in an Undefined ECM where the loading density (or NEWQD/internal volume) is <= 0.028lbs//\leq 0.028 \mathrm{lbs} / cubic foot (ft^(3))[0.449(kg)//:}\left(\mathrm{ft}^{3}\right)\left[0.449 \mathrm{~kg} /\right. cubic meter {:(m^(3))]\left.\left(\mathrm{m}^{3}\right)\right], use ECM distances shown in Table V3.E3.T1., as discussed in paragraph V3.E3.1.3. ILD must be in accordance with paragraph V3.E3.1.4.1. v3.e3.1.2.1.1.2.对于未定义 ECM 中的 HD 1.1,如果装载密度(或 NEWQD/内部容积)为 <= 0.028lbs//\leq 0.028 \mathrm{lbs} / 立方英尺 (ft^(3))[0.449(kg)//:}\left(\mathrm{ft}^{3}\right)\left[0.449 \mathrm{~kg} /\right. 立方米 {:(m^(3))]\left.\left(\mathrm{m}^{3}\right)\right] ,则使用表 V3.E3.T1 中所示的 ECM 距离,如第 V3.E3.1.3 段所述。ILD 必须符合第 V3.E3.1.4.1 段的规定。
V3.E3.1.2.1.1.1.3. For HD 1.1 in an Undefined ECM where the loading density is greater than ( > )0.028lbs//ft^(3)[0.449(kg)//m^(3)](>) 0.028 \mathrm{lbs} / \mathrm{ft}^{3}\left[0.449 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{m}^{3}\right], use “ECM side and rear” distances of Table V3.E3.T1. and for front exposure, apply the greater of the “ECM - front” IBD distance of V3.E3.1.2.1.1.3.对于装载密度大于 ( > )0.028lbs//ft^(3)[0.449(kg)//m^(3)](>) 0.028 \mathrm{lbs} / \mathrm{ft}^{3}\left[0.449 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{m}^{3}\right] 的未定义 ECM 中的 HD 1.1,使用表 V3.E3.T1 中的 "ECM 侧面和背面 "距离。
Table V3.E3.T1. or the HFD from Table V3.E3.T2., for the NEW in the ECM. For application of Table V3.E3.T2., if the ECM headwall meets the definition of aboveground structure, heavy wall (AGS (H) use the “Structure” column, otherwise, use the “Structure” column for nonprimary fragment producing explosives or the “Open” column for primary fragment producing explosives. ILD must be in accordance with paragraph V3.E3.1.4.1. 表 V3.E3.T1. 或表 V3.E3.T2. 中的 HFD,用于 ECM 中的 NEW。应用表V3.E3.T2.时,如果ECM顶墙符合地面结构、厚墙(AGS (H))的定义,则使用 "结构 "栏,否则,对非初级碎片爆炸物使用 "结构 "栏,对初级碎片爆炸物使用 "开放 "栏。ILD必须符合第V3.E3.1.4.1段的规定。
V3.E3.1.2.1.1.1.4. Where ECMs, regardless of structural designation, have been designed, analyzed, or tested to have a reduced IBD and approved by the DDESB, use the approved IBD. ILD must be in accordance with paragraph V3.E3.1.4.1. V3.E3.1.2.1.1.4.如果 ECM(无论其结构名称如何)已设计、分析或测试为具有减小的 IBD 并获得 DDESB 批准,则应使用批准的 IBD。ILD 必须符合第 V3.E3.1.4.1 段的规定。
V3.E3.1.2.1.1.1.5. For HD 1.1 in a structure (excluding ECM) capable of stopping primary fragments, but which can contribute to the debris hazard, use the HFD listed in the “Structure” column of Table V3.E3.T2. ILD must be in accordance with paragraph V3.E3.1.4. Structures that are capable of stopping primary fragments include all AGS (H and aboveground structure, heavy wall and roof (H/R). Doors and other openings through which primary fragments could exit must be capable of stopping primary fragments from exiting the facility or must be barricaded in accordance with section V2.E5.4. to trap primary fragments that could exit the facility. V3.E3.1.2.1.1.5.对于结构(不包括ECM)中的HD1.1,该结构能够阻挡初级碎片,但可能造成碎片危险,使用表V3.E3.T2 "结构 "栏中列出的HFD。ILD 必须符合第 V3.E3.1.4 段的规定。能够阻挡原生碎片的结构包括所有 AGS(H 和地面结构、厚墙和屋顶 (H/R))。可阻挡原生碎片飞出设施的门和其他开口必须能够阻挡原生碎片飞出设施,或必须按照第V2.E5.4节的规定设置路障,以阻挡可能飞出设施的原生碎片。
V3.E3.1.2.1.1.1.6. For primary fragment-producing HD 1.1 in the open or in a structure incapable of stopping primary fragments, use HFD listed in the “Open” column of Table V3.E3.T2. ILD must be in accordance with paragraph V3.E3.1.4. Structures (other than ECM) that are capable of stopping primary fragments include all AGS (H) and AGS (H/R). All other structures (other than ECM) are considered incapable of stopping primary fragments. V3.E3.1.2.1.1.6.在露天或在无法阻挡原生碎片的结构中产生原生碎片的HD1.1,使用表V3.E3.T2 "露天 "栏所列的HFD。ILD必须符合第V3.E3.1.4段的规定。能够阻止初级碎片的结构(ECM 除外)包括所有 AGS (H) 和 AGS (H/R)。所有其他结构(ECM 除外)均被视为无法阻挡初级碎片。
V3.E3.1.2.1.1.1.7. For non-primary fragment-producing explosives in any structure (excluding ECM), truck, trailer, or railcar that may contribute to the debris hazard, use the HFD listed in the “Structure” column of Table V3.E3.T2. V3.E3.1.2.1.1.7。对于可能造成碎片危险的任何结构(不包括 ECM)、卡车、拖车或轨道车中的非主要碎片爆炸物,使用表 V3.E3.T2 中 "结构 "栏所列的 HFD。
V3.E3.1.2.1.1.1.8. Selected items have been evaluated for minimum HFD with results shown in Table V3.E3.T3. Other items, through testing, have been hazard classified with a specific HFD presented in the format HD (xx)1.1. The HFD for these items is specified in hundreds of feet (in parenthesis), and they may not be listed in Table V3.E3.T3. The distances for these two categories of select items apply only to items in the open. When in facilities, secondary debris as well as primary fragments must be considered. If in a facility that can contain primary fragments, apply criteria of paragraphs V3.E3.1.2.1.1.1.1. through V3.E3.1.2.1.1.1.5. If in a facility that cannot stop primary fragments, use the greater distance from Table V3.E3.T3. (for the item being considered) or the HFD associated with the HD (xx)1.1 item or from the “Open” column of Table V3.E3.T2. for determining the applicable HFD. ILD must be in accordance with paragraph V3.E3.1.4. V3.E3.1.2.1.1.8.对部分物品进行了最小 HFD 评估,结果见表 V3.E3.T3。通过测试,其他物品已按危害分类,并以 HD (xx)1.1 格式列出了具体的 HFD。这些物品的 HFD 以数百英尺(括号内)为单位,可能未列于表 V3.E3.T3。这两类选定物品的距离仅适用于露天物品。在设施内时,必须考虑二次碎片和原生碎片。如果在可容纳原生碎片的设施内,则采用第 V3.E3.1.2.1.1.1 至 V3.E3.1.2.1.1.5 段的标准。如果在无法阻止初级碎片的设施中,则使用表 V3.E3.T3.1.2.1.1.1 至 V3.E3.1.2.1.1.1.5 中较大的距离。(表V3.E3.T2. "开放 "栏中的较大距离来确定适用的HFD。ILD 必须符合第 V3.E3.1.4 段的规定。
V3.E3.1.2.1.1.1.9. For bare explosives in the open, distance is computed by the formula D=40W^(1//3)[15*87Q^(1//3)]\mathrm{D}=40 \mathrm{~W}^{1 / 3}\left[15 \cdot 87 \mathrm{Q}^{1 / 3}\right]. V3.E3.1.2.1.1.9。对于露天的裸露爆炸物,距离按 D=40W^(1//3)[15*87Q^(1//3)]\mathrm{D}=40 \mathrm{~W}^{1 / 3}\left[15 \cdot 87 \mathrm{Q}^{1 / 3}\right] 公式计算。
Table V3.E3.T1. HD 1.1 IBD and PTRD 表 V3.E3.T1.HD 1.1 IBD 和 PTRD
NEWQD
IBD From: IBD From:
PTRD From: PTRD 发件人:
ECM
ECM
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