深圳大学学位英语考试题库

The picnics，speeches，and parades of today＇s Labor Day were all part of the first celebration， held in New York City in 1882．Its promoter was an Irish－American labor leader named peter J． McGuire．A carpenter by trade，McGuire had worked since the age of eleven，and in 1882 was president of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners（UBCJ）．Approaching the City＇s Central Labor Union that summer，he proposed a holiday that would applaud（赞许）＂the industrial spirit－the great vital force of every nation，＂On September 5 his suggestion bore fruit，as an estimated 10,000 workers，many of them ignoring their bosses＇warnings，left work to march from Union square up Fifth Avenue to 42nd Street．The event gained national attention，and by 1893 thirty states had made Labor Day an annual holiday．
今天劳动节的野餐、演讲和游行都是 1882 年在纽约市举行的第一次庆祝活动的一部分。它的发起人是一位名叫彼得·麦奎尔 （Peter J. McGuire） 的爱尔兰裔美国劳工领袖。麦奎尔是一名木匠，从 11 岁起就开始工作，并于 1882 年担任木匠和细木工联合兄弟会 （UBCJ） 的主席。那年夏天，他接近该市的中央工会，提议设立一个节日，以赞扬（赞许）“工业精神——工业精神的伟大生命力每个国家，“9 月 5 日，他的建议取得了成果，因为估计有 10,000 名工人，其中许多人无视老板的警告，下班从联合广场游行到第 42 街。

The quick adoption of the scheme may have indicated less about the state lawmakers＇respect for working people than about a fear of risking their anger．In the 1880s the United States was a land sharply divided between the immensely wealthy and the very poor．Henry George was accurate in describing the era as one of＂progress and poverty．＂In a society in which factory， owners rode in private Pullmans while ten－year－olds slaved in the mines，strong anti－capitalist feeling ran high．Demands for fundamental change were common throughout the labor press．With socialists demanding an end to＂wage slavery＂and anarchists（无政府主义）singing the praises of the virtues of dynamite（炸药），middle－of－the－roaders like Samuel Gompers and McGuire seemed attractively mild by comparison．One can imagine practical capitalists seeing Labor Day as a bargain：A one－day party certainly cost them less than paying their workers decent wages．
该计划的迅速采用可能与其说表明州立法者对劳动人民的尊重，不如说表明他们害怕冒着 anger.In 的风险。1880 年代，美国是一个极富和非常贫穷之间严重分裂的土地。亨利·乔治 （Henry George） 准确地将那个时代描述为“进步与贫困”的时代之一。在一个工厂的社会中，业主们乘坐私人普尔曼，而 10 岁的孩子在矿井中做奴隶，强烈的反资本主义情绪高涨。要求从根本上改变的呼声在整个劳工媒体中是普遍的。随着社会主义者要求结束“工资奴隶制”和无政府主义者（无政府主义）歌颂炸药（炸药）的美德，像塞缪尔·冈珀斯（Samuel Gompers）和麦奎尔（McGuire）这样的中间派相比之下显得温和得人。可以想象，务实的资本家将劳动节视为讨价还价：为期一天的派对肯定比向工人支付体面的工资要便宜。
1 Judging from the passage，McGuire was $$$$qquad\qquad A $$$$qquad\qquad －．
1 从这段话来看，麦奎尔是 $$$$qquad\qquad A $$$$qquad\qquad -。
A）a moderate labor leader
A） 温和的劳工领袖
B）an extreme－anarchist in the labor movement
B）工人运动中的极端无政府主义者
C）a devoted socialist fighting against exploitation of man by man
C）一个坚定的社会主义者，反对人对人的剥削
D）a firm anti－capitalist demanding the elimination of wage slavery
D）一个坚决的反资本主义者，要求消除工资奴隶制
2．We can see from the first paragraph that the first Labor Day march $$$$qquad\qquad C ．
2.从第一段可以看出，第一次劳动节进行曲 $$$$qquad\qquad C .
A）immediately won nationwide support
A）立即获得全国支持
B）involved workers from 30 states
B） 涉及来自 30 个州的工人
C）was opposed by many factory owners
C）遭到许多工厂主的反对
D）was organized by the UBCJ
D）由 UBCJ 组织
3．Which of the following is the key factor in the immediate approval of Labor Day as a national holiday？D
3.以下哪一项是立即批准劳动节为国定假日的关键因素？
A）The lawmakers＇respect for the workers
A） 立法者对工人的尊重
B）The worker＇s determination to have a holiday of their own．
B） 工人决定过一个属于自己的假期。
C）The socialists＇demands for thorough reform
C）社会主义者要求彻底改革
D）The politicians＇fear of the workers＇anger．
D） 政客们对工人愤怒的恐惧。
4．We lean from the passage that the establishment of Labor Day $$$$qquad\qquad A $$$$qquad\qquad －
4.我们从劳动节 $$$$qquad\qquad A 的设立 - $$$$qquad\qquad
A）was accepted by most bosses as a compromise
A）被大多数老板接受为妥协
B）marked a turning point in the workers＇struggle for more rights
B）标志着工人争取更多权利的斗争的转折点

C）indicated the improvement of the workers＇welfare
C）表明工人福利的改善
D）signaled the end of＂wage slavery＂
D）标志着“工资奴隶制”的结束

Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we＂fit＂in society．As we go about our everyday lives，we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses．For example，we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian，whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman，whether the unfamiliar person on our property is thief or a meter reader，and so on．
地位是人类的奇妙发明，它使我们能够彼此相处并确定我们在日常生活中“适合”的位置 society.As 我们试图在心理上根据人们的地位来定位他们.例如，我们必须判断图书馆里的人是读者还是图书管理员，打电话的人是朋友还是推销员，我们财产上的陌生人是小偷还是抄表员，等等上。

The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter，and change throughout life． Most of us can，at very high speed，assume the statuses that various situations require．Much of social interaction consists of identifying and selecting among appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses in relation to us．This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation．Although some of us find the task more difficult than others，most of us perform it rather effortlessly．
我们所承担的状态往往随着我们遇到的人而变化，并在一生中发生变化。我们大多数人都能以非常快的速度承担各种情况所需的状态。许多社会互动包括识别和选择适当的状态，并允许其他人承担他们与我们相关的状态。这意味着我们根据不断的评估和解释的心理过程，使我们的行为与他人的行为相适应。尽管一些我们中的大多数人发现这项任务比其他人更难，我们大多数人都相当轻松地完成它。

A status has been compared to ready－made clothes．Within certain limits，the buyer can choose style and fabric．But an American is not free to choose the costume（服装）of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince．We must choose from among the clothing presented by our society．Furthermore，our choice is limited to a size that will fit，as well as by our pocketbook（钱包）．Having made a choice within these limits we can have certain alterations made，but apart from minor adjustments，we tend to be limited to what the stores have on their racks．Statuses too come ready made，and the range of choice among them is limited．
在一定限度内，买方可以选择款式和面料。但是美国人不能自由选择中国农民或印度教王子的服装。我们必须从社会提供的服装中选择。此外，我们的选择仅限于合身的尺码，以及我们的钱包。在这些限度内做出选择后，我们可以进行某些更改，但是除了细微的调整外，我们往往局限于商店货架上的东西，状态也是现成的，它们之间的选择范围是有限的。

1．In the first paragraph，the writer tells us that statuses can help us $$$$qquad\qquad ．
1.In 第一段中，作者告诉我们，状态可以帮助我们 $$$$qquad\qquad 。
A）determine whether a person is fit for a certain job
A） 确定一个人是否适合某项工作
B）behave appropriately in relation to other people
B） 与他人相处得体
C）protect ourselves in unfamiliar situations
C） 在不熟悉的情况下保护自己
D）make friends with other people
D） 与其他人交朋友
2．According to the writer，people often assume different statuses $$$$qquad\qquad D $$$$qquad\qquad ．
2.根据作者的说法，人们经常承担不同的 $$$$qquad\qquad D $$$$qquad\qquad 身份。

A）in order to identify themselves with others
A） 为了与他人认同
B）in order to better identify others
B）为了更好地识别他人
C）as their mental processes change
C）随着他们的心理过程发生变化
D）as the situation changes
D） 随着情况的变化
3．The word＂appraisal＂（Line 5，Para．2）most probably means＂ $$$$qquad\qquad ＂．
3.“评估”一词（第 5 行，第 2 段）很可能是指“ $$$$qquad\qquad ”。

A）involvement  A） 参与
B）appreciation  B） 欣赏
C）assessment  c） 评估
D）presentation  D） 介绍
4．In the last sentence of the second paragraph，the pronoun＂it＂refers to＂ $$$$qquad\qquad A $$$$qquad\qquad $"$$"$"".
4.In 第二段的最后一句中，代词“it”指的是“ $$$$qquad\qquad A $$$$qquad\qquad $"$$"$"" 。

A）fitting our actions to those of other people appropriately
A） 使我们的行为与他人的行为相适应
B）identification of other people＇s statuses
B） 识别他人的身份
C）selecting one＇s own statuses
C） 选择自己的状态

Upon reaching an appropriate age (usually between 18 and 21 years), children are encouraged, but not forced, to “leave the nest” and begin an independent life. After children leave home they often find social relationship and financial support outside the family. Parents do not arrange marriages for their children, nor do children usually ask permission of their parents to get married, Romantic love is most often the basis for marriage in the United States; young adults meet their future spouses (配偶) through other friends, at jobs, and in organizations and religious institutions, Although children choose their own spouses, they still hope their parents will approve of their choices.
在达到适当的年龄（通常在 18 至 21 岁之间）后，鼓励但不是强迫孩子“离开巢穴”并开始独立生活。孩子离开家后，他们通常会在家庭之外找到社会关系和经济支持。父母不会为孩子安排婚姻，孩子通常也不会征求父母的同意结婚，浪漫的爱情通常是美国结婚的基础;年轻人通过其他朋友、工作、组织和宗教机构认识他们未来的配偶（配偶），虽然孩子们选择自己的配偶，但他们仍然希望父母会同意他们的选择。

In many families, parents feel that children should make major life decisions by themselves. A parent may try to influence a child to follow a particular profession but the child is free to choose another career. Sometimes children do precisely the opposite of what their parents wish in order to assert their independence. A son may deliberately decide not to go into his father’s business because of a fear that he will lose his autonomy in his father’s workplace. This independence from parents is not an indication that parents and children do not love each other. Strong love between parents and children is universal and this is no exception in the American family Coexisting with such love in the American family are cultural values of self - reliance and independence.
在许多家庭中，父母认为孩子应该自己做出重大的人生决定。父母可能会试图影响孩子从事特定的职业，但孩子可以自由选择其他职业。有时，孩子们为了维护自己的独立性，会做与父母希望的事情完全相反的事情。儿子可能会故意决定不去父亲的生意，因为担心他会失去在父亲的工作场所的自主权。这种独立于父母并不意味着父母和孩子不爱彼此。父母和孩子之间的强烈爱是普遍的，在美国家庭中也不例外。在美国家庭中，与这种爱并存的是自力更生和独立的文化价值观。