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PRINCIPLE: SHAPE DISTINCTION

Maintain clear shapes in your design. Do not make the shapes so indistinct that you cannot make out some kind of general shape or outline.
在设计中保持清晰的形状。不要让形状变得模糊不清,以至于你无法辨认出某种一般的形状或轮廓。
Clearly identify the shapes in your painting in order to:
清晰地识别您绘画中的形状,以便:
  • identify objects and their forms
    识别物体及其形态
  • create an interesting abstract design
    创作一个有趣的抽象设计

Do this: 做这个:

In this painting the shapes are clearly defined.
在这幅画中,形状清晰地定义了。

Do this: 做这个:

In this photograph, the shapes have been maintained. You can clearly see the individual shapes of the bridge and trees.
在这张照片中,形状得到了保留。您可以清楚地看到桥和树的各自形状。

Avoid this: 避免这种情况:
Here there are not many clearly identified shapes. The design lacks unity and looks disorganized.
这里没有很多明确定义的形状。设计缺乏统一性,看起来杂乱无章。
Avoid this: 避免这种情况:
Here, the shapes all blend into each other so you cannot make out where one shape ends and another shape begins. There are too many soft edges.
这里,各种形状相互融合,以至于你无法分辨一个形状的结束和另一个形状的开始。边缘太过柔和。

PRINCIPLE: SHAPE DISTINCTION (CONTINUED)
原则:形状区分(续)

Caution 注意

It is very easy to lose the shape structure in your painting by:
在绘画中很容易失去形状结构:

- over blending soft-edges
- 过度混合柔边

If you blend all your shapes together, you cannot tell where one shape ends and the other starts. When you create soft edges you need to be selective about which edges to soften, and leave some edges hard. This keeps the shapes intact.
如果你将所有形状混合在一起,就无法分辨一个形状的结束和另一个形状的开始。当你创建柔和的边缘时,需要选择性地柔化哪些边缘,并保留一些边缘是硬的。这样可以保持形状完整。
  • creating too many gradations If you create too many gradations in a painting you will also tend to lose your shapes. See edge notan.
    在绘画中创建太多的渐变会导致形状丧失。请参考边缘构图。
  • shifting values within a shape If you change values within one shape, you create other shapes and lose the strength of your design.
    在形状内部移动数值。如果您改变一个形状内的数值,您会创建其他形状,并丧失设计的力量。

Number of shapes 形状数量

There needs to be a balance between too many shapes and too few shapes. If you create too many shapes you lose unity in your painting, if you create too few shapes your design may not be interesting.
在形状过多和形状过少之间需要保持平衡。如果你创造了太多形状,你的绘画就会失去统一性;如果你创造了太少形状,你的设计可能就不够有趣。

Examples 例子

The Ucello painting has a large number of shapes with evenly divided values.
乌切洛的绘画有大量形状,价值均匀分布。
Dunstan 邓斯坦
Cat. 9617 猫。9617
This Dunstan drawing has a small number of shapes and a few major gradations.
这幅邓斯坦的素描作品有少量形状和一些主要的渐变。
This relates to the principles:
这涉及到原则:

- Flattening values - 压平价值

Flattening values is one way of reducing the number of shapes in your design.
将数值拉平是减少设计中形状数量的一种方法。

- Gradations - 渐变

Creating orderly gradations also adds unity to the design.
创造有序的渐变也能为设计增添统一感。

PRINCIPLE:
SHAPE DISTINCTION (CONTINUED)
原则:形状区分(续)

Brangwyn Cat. 8270 布朗温猫。8270
Lautrec 洛特雷克
Cat. 8552. 猫。8552。
Gaugin 高更
Avery 艾弗里
Cat. 9301. 猫。9301。

Tips 技巧

  • Use hue, not value to separate objects wherever possible.
    尽可能使用色调而非明度来区分物体。
Dunstan 邓斯坦
Cat. 9620 . 猫。9620。
In my evening painting of the Sierra Nevada mountains in California, I kept the values in the different shapes of the sunlit parts of the mountains almost identical, and changed only the hue. I did the same in the foreground rocks. This simplified the value structure of the painting in order to strengthen the notan design, without losing the distinct shapes.
在我画加利福尼亚内华达山脉的夜晚中,我保持了山脉阳光照射部分不同形状的价值几乎相同,并仅改变了色调。我在前景岩石中也是如此。这简化了绘画的价值结构,以加强构图设计,而不失去独特的形状。