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Cambridge IGCSE
劍橋IGCSE

ECONOMICS0455/12
經濟學0455/12

Paper 1 Multiple ChoiceFebruary/March 2024
試卷1多項選擇2024 年 2 月/3 月

45 minutes
45 分鐘

You must answer on the multiple choice answer sheet. You will need: Multiple choice answer sheet
您必須多項選擇題紙回答。您將需要:多項選擇題卷

Soft clean eraser
柔軟的清潔橡皮擦

Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)
鉛筆建議使用 B型或HB型)

INSTRUCTIONS
指示

There are thirty questions on this paper. Answer all questions.
篇論文30個問題回答所有問題。

For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the multiple choice answer sheet.
每個問題四個可能的答案A、BCD:選擇認為正確的一個,並用軟鉛筆在多項選擇題紙上記錄您的選擇。

Follow the instructions on the multiple choice answer sheet.
按照多項選擇題紙上的說明進行操作。

Write in soft pencil.
鉛筆書寫

Write your name, centre number and candidate number on the multiple choice answer sheet in the spaces provided unless this has been done for you.
選擇題紙提供的空白寫下您的姓名、中心編號候選人編號,除非已為您完成此操作。

Do not use correction fluid.
請勿使用修正液。

Do not write on any bar codes.
不要在任何條碼上書寫

You may use a calculator.
您可以使用計算機

INFORMATION
資訊

The total mark for this paper is 30.
篇論文的總30 分。

Each correct answer will score one mark.
每個正確答案將獲得1分。

Any rough working should be done on this question paper.
任何粗略的工作都應該張試卷上完成

This document has 12 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.
本文檔12頁。指示任何空白

03_0455_12_2024_1.18a

© UCLES 2024[Turn over
©UCLES2024[翻轉

10

What causes economic agents to make choices?
是什麼促使經濟主體做出選擇?

limited needs and wants
有限的需求願望

the existence of finite resources
有限資源的存在

the existence of free goods
免費商品的存在

the market mechanism
市場機制

A government announces that it will spend an extra $10bn on healthcare, financed by reducing expenditure on defence.
政府宣佈將額外投入 100 億美元用於醫療保健,資金來自減少國防開支

What is the economic concept represented by this decision?
這個決定所代表的經濟理念是什麼

expansionary monetary policy
擴張性貨幣政策

increased spending on a public good
增加對公共產品的支出

opportunity cost
OpportUnity成本

the operation of the market mechanism
市場機制運作

The diagram shows a production possibility curve (PPC) for digital televisions and CD players.
顯示了數字電視CD播放機生產可能性曲線 (PPC)。

digital televisions
數字電視

OCD players
OCD 播放機

Which movement shows an increase in the use of existing resources to increase production for both digital televisions and CD players?
哪項運動表明增加了對現有資源的利用,以增加數字電視和CD播放器的產量?

© UCLES 2024

03_0455_12_2024_1.18

X to W
XW

X to Z
XZ

Z to W
ZW

Z to Y
ZY

The diagram shows points on two demand curves.
顯示了兩條需求曲線上的

price
價格

Oquantity
O數量

Which movement between points shows a contraction in demand?
之間的哪個變動表明需求收縮

K to J
KJ

K to M
KM

L to K
LK

M to L
ML

What would not cause a shift in the supply curve?
什麼會導致供應曲線發生變化

changes in costs of production
生產成本的變化

changes in direct taxes
直接的變化

changes in indirect taxes
間接的變化

changes in a subsidy from the government
政府補貼的變化

For health reasons, consumers decide that they want to eat more vegetables and less meat.
出於健康原因,消費者決定蔬菜吃肉。

What price signals would the market system send to reallocate resources so that consumers get what they want?
市場體系會發出什麼價格信號來重新分配資源,讓消費者得到他們想要的東西?

price of vegetables
蔬菜價格

price of meat
肉類價格

A
一個

decrease
減少

decrease
減少

B

decrease
減少

increase
增加

C

increase
增加

decrease
減少

D

increase
增加

increase
增加

What is a likely benefit of a country moving from a mixed economy to a market economy?
一個國家混合經濟轉向市場經濟可能有什麼好處

less inequality
減少不平等

more nationalisation
更多國有化

more public goods
更多公共產品

reduced costs of production
降低生產成本

What is an external cost of smoking cigarettes?
吸煙外部成本是多少

the cost of the cigarette packaging
香煙包裝的成本

the cost to non-smokers’ health
非吸煙者健康的代價

the cost to smokers
吸煙者的代價

the tax on cigarettes
香菸

A firm is considering doubling the price of its product.
一家公司正在考慮將其產品的價格提高一倍

Which price elasticity of demand (PED) for its product would give it the greatest increase in revenue?
產品的哪種價格需求彈性 (PED) 為其帶來最大的收入增長

A0.0
一個0.0

B−0.5

C−1.0

D−2.0

The table shows information about four financial institutions.
顯示了有關四家金融機構的資訊

Which institution is most likely to be a commercial bank?
哪個機構有可能是商業銀行?

it is the government’s bank
它是政府的銀行

it is owned by shareholders
它由股東所有

A
一個

no

no

B

no

yes
是的

C

yes
是的

no

D

yes
是的

yes
是的

What shows a forwards vertical merger?
什麼顯示了遠期縱向合併?

A smartphone producer buys a computer chip producer.
一家智慧手機生產商收購了一家計算機晶元生產商。

A steel producer buys a car producer.
一家鋼鐵生產商收購了一家汽車生產商。

A tractor producer buys a wheat producer.
拖拉機生產商收購了小麥生產商。

An oven producer buys a washing machine producer.
烤箱生產商收購洗衣機生產商。

The diagram shows the demand for and the supply of labour for farm workers. The initial equilibrium is X.
顯示了農場工人的工作需求供給初始平衡 s X。

What will be the new equilibrium if there is an increase in labour productivity?
如果勞動生產率提高新的均衡是什麼

wage rate
工資率

Oquantity
O數量

Which service is most likely to be supplied by a small business?
哪種服務有可能小型企業提供

banking
銀行業

dental treatment
牙本質治療

energy distribution

rail travel
鐵路旅行

When a firm produces 100 units, its total variable cost is $1000 and its total fixed cost is $4000.
一家公司生產100個單位時,可變成本1000美元固定成本4000美元。

What is the firm’s average total cost?
公司的平均成本是多少

A$10
10 澳元

B$30
B$30

C$40
40 加元

D$50
50 美元

At a price of $5, the demand for a firm’s product is 1000 units per week. When its price rises to
5 美元的價格公司產品的需求每周 1000 價格上漲

$10, the demand for its product falls to 600 units per week.
10 美元,對其產品的需求下降每周600

What are the changes in the firms average revenue (AR) and total revenue (TR) per week when the price of its product rises?
當產品價格上漲時公司每周的平均收入 (AR) 收入 (TR)有什麼變化

change in AR
AR的變化

$

change in TR per week
每周 TR 的變化

$

A
一個

+5

+1000

B

+5

+6000

C

+10

+1000

D

+10

+6000

A monopoly firm can often earn greater profits than a firm in a competitive market.
競爭激烈的市場壟斷公司通常可以比公司賺取更大的利潤

Which characteristic of monopoly is most likely to cause this?
哪個特徵有可能造成這種情況?

It can restrict the entry of new firms.
它可以限制公司的進入

It is a price-taker.
它是一個價格接受者。

It is protected by the government.
受到政府的保護

Its total costs are usually low.
的總成本通常很低。

An economy is experiencing a period of deflation with lower output and rising unemployment.
一個經濟體正在經歷一個通貨緊縮時期產出下降失業率上升

Which policy measure would the government be most likely to use to correct this?
政府有可能使用哪種政策措施來糾正這一問題?

improve education and training
改善教育培訓

increase interest rates
利率上升

reduce income tax
降低所得稅

reduce unemployment benefits
減少失業救濟金

What is likely to increase with economic growth?
隨著經濟增長什麼可能會增加

cyclical unemployment
週期性失業

income per head
人均 收入

the budget deficit
預算赤字

the stock of natural resources
自然資源存量

An economy has a high rate of inflation.
一個經濟體通貨膨脹很高

Which monetary policy measure is required to reduce inflation?
需要採取哪些貨幣政策措施來降低通貨膨脹?

a depreciation of its currency against the US dollar
本國貨幣對美元貶

an increase in the money supply
貨幣供應量增加

an increase in the rate of interest
利率增加

an increase in the basic rate of income tax
An 所得稅基本稅率上調

Three statements about policy measures are listed.
列出了有關政策措施三個陳述

improved education and training
改進的教育培訓

deregulation
放鬆管制

reduction in the basic rate of income tax
降低所得稅基本稅率

What are the supply-side policy measures that would enable the government to make the income distribution more equal?
哪些供給側政策措施將使政府的收入分配更加平等?

1, 2 and 3
123

1 and 2 only
12

1 and 3 only
13

2 only
2

In a mixed economy, a government provides some goods that markets cannot.
混合經濟政府提供一些市場無法提供的商品。

What is the name of these goods?
這些商品的名稱是什麼

free goods
免費商品

economic goods
EconomiC商品

merit goods
功德商品

public goods
公共產品

Which of these people would be classed as unemployed?
這些中的哪些會被歸類失業者?

a student who does not work
工作的學生

a person who does not have a job and is actively looking for one
沒有工作正在積極尋找工作的人

a retired person who does not work
工作的退休人員

an adult who does not have a job and stays at home to provide childcare
沒有工作留在家裡照顧孩子的成年人

The table shows the weights attached to four items in the Consumer Prices Index of a country in year 1 and in year 2.
表顯示了一個國家在第 1 年和第 2 年消費者價格指數中四個專案的權重。

item
專案

year 1
第1

year 2
第2

food
食物

33

33.5

transport
運輸

18

17.5

rent
租金

11

10.5

clothing
服裝

9

10

Which conclusion can be drawn?
可以得出哪個結論呢?

food prices were higher in year 2 than in year 1
第2年的食品價格高於1

people spent less on transport in year 2 than in year 1
人們2年的交通支出低於1

people spent more on food in year 2 than in year 1
人們2年級食品支出1 年級

a greater proportion of income was spent on clothing in year 2 than in year 1
第 2用於服裝的收入比例高於1

The table shows the percentage (%) shares of income going to different household income groups in a country in two years.
顯示了兩年內一個國家不同家庭收入群體的收入份額百分比 (%)

household income group
家庭收入組別

year 1
第1

% share of income
收入份額百分比

year 2
第2

% share of income
收入份額百分比

highest 20%
最高20%

50

53

next highest 20%
20%

20

22

next highest 20%
20%

15

18

next highest 20%
20%

10

5

lowest 20%
最低20%

5

2

What can be concluded about the change over the period?
關於這一時期的變化,可以得出什麼結論?

The distribution of income has become more unequal.
收入分配變得更加不平等。

The number of households in the highest 20% has increased.
最高20% 住戶數量有所增加。

The proportion of households in absolute poverty has increased.
絕對貧困家庭的比例有所增加。

The proportion of households in relative poverty has fallen.
相對貧困家庭比例有所下降。

An economy has a high rate of population growth.
一個經濟體人口增長率很高

What is most likely to have caused this?
有可能造成這種情況的原因是什麼?

The average years of schooling is relatively high.
平均受教育年限相對較高。

The birth rate is lower than the death rate.
出生低於死亡率

The retirement age has increased.
退休年齡已經提高。

There are more immigrants than emigrants.
移民移民

What is the most likely cause of an increase in poverty in developing economies?
發展中經濟體貧困增加的最可能原因是什麼

an increase in poor nutrition and ill-health
營養不良健康情況不佳的增加

an increase in education provision
增加教育供應

an increase in international tourism
An國際旅遊增長

an increase in trade union bargaining power
An提高議價能力

Two countries wish to use their scarce resources to specialise in production and trade with each other.
這兩個國家希望利用其稀缺資源來專門進行生產和貿易

Under which conditions is this most likely to happen?
什麼情況下有可能發生這種情況?

the resource allocations of the two countries
兩國的資源配置

the ability of each country to reallocate their resources
每個國家重新分配其資源的能力

A
一個

different
不同

difficult

B

different
不同

easy
容易

C

similar
類似

difficult

D

similar
類似

easy
容易

What is a likely effect of imposing a tariff?
徵收關稅可能產生什麼影響?

It encourages home industries to be more efficient.
鼓勵家庭工業提高效率

It increases the demand for home-produced goods.
增加了自產商品的需求

It reduces the price of home-produced goods.
降低了自產商品的價格

It reduces the price of imports.
降低了進口價格

The diagram shows the foreign exchange market for the Singapore dollar (S$) in exchange for the United States dollar (US$). The initial equilibrium point is at X.
該圖顯示了新加坡 (S$) 兌換美元 (US$) 的外匯市場。初始平衡點在 X 處。

The following month, Singapore imports more goods from the US but there is no change in Singapore exports to the US.
接下來的一個月,新加坡美國進口的商品增加,但新加坡對美國的出口沒有變化

What is the new equilibrium point?
什麼是新的平衡點?

price of S$ in US$
以美元計價的 S$ 價格

Oquantity of S$
O新元數量

What is included in the primary income component on the current account of the balance of payments?
國際收經常帳戶初級收入部分包括什麼

dividends and interest from investment in other countries
其他國家投資股息利息

expenditure on accommodation by international tourists visiting a country
國際遊客訪問一個國家的住宿支出

expenditure on imported raw materials
進口原材料支出

social security payments paid to residents living abroad
支付居住在國外的居民社會保障

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© UCLES 2024

03_0455_12_2024_1.18

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
已尋求允許複製包含受版權保護的第三方擁有的材料的專案,並在可能的情況下獲得批准。出版商 (UCLES) 已盡一切合理努力追蹤版權擁有者,但如果無意中包含了任何需要許可的專案,出版商將很樂意儘早進行更正。

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.
為避免向考生披露與答案相關的資訊,所有版權聲明均在劍橋大學國際考評版權致謝手冊中在線複製。這是為每個系列的考試製作的,可在現場考試系列結束后的 www.cambridgeinternational.org 免費下載

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.
劍橋大學國際考評部是劍橋大學考評部的一部分。劍橋評估是劍橋大學地方考試辛迪加 (UCLES) 的品牌名稱,該聯合會是劍橋大學的一個部門。

© UCLES 202403_0455_2024_1.18
© 倫敦大學物理學院 202403_0455_2024_1.18