Ecofriendly Recycling of Lithium-Ion Batteries
以环保方式回收锂离子电池

Innovative process chain for Recycling Lithium-Ion Batteries
回收锂离子电池的创新工艺链

The innovative Duesenfeld process chain was specially developed for lithium-ion batteries and is protected by extensive patents. Duesenfeld's unique combination of discharging, mechanical processing and hydrometallurgy, as well as the elimination of high-temperature processes, enables a comprehensive cycle closure of the battery materials. This makes Duesenfeld the technology leader in the field of lithium-ion battery recycling.
创新的 Duesenfeld 工艺链是专为锂离子电池开发的，并受到大量专利的保护。杜森菲尔德将放电、机械加工和湿法冶金独特地结合在一起，并取消了高温工艺，实现了电池材料的全面循环闭合。这使得 Duesenfeld 成为锂离子电池回收领域的技术领导者。

Discharging 放电

The recycling of lithium-ion batteries starts with the patented deep discharge of the batteries and the recovery of the energy. The deep discharge of the batteries using the Duesenfeld process ensures safe and efficient discharging of cells, modules or packs connected in series. The intelligent control software enables an automated deep discharge of the batteries independent of various factors such as the state of charge, the voltage, the age of the battery or the manufacturer. Due to the high linear discharge power, a large throughput and highest possible efficiency is achieved. The recovered electricity can be used to operate the recycling plant or fed into the grid.
锂离子电池的回收利用始于获得专利的电池深度放电和能量回收。采用 Duesenfeld 工艺对电池进行深度放电可确保对串联的电池、模块或电池组进行安全、高效的放电。智能控制软件可实现电池的自动深度放电，不受充电状态、电压、电池年限或制造商等各种因素的影响。由于线性放电功率较高，因此可以实现较大的吞吐量和最高的效率。回收的电能可用于回收厂的运行或输入电网。

The Duesenfeld discharging systems guarantee maximum safety and protection against incorrect operation through permanent software monitoring during the discharging process. For example, the connected lithium-ion batteries can be safely and easily replaced during operation through quick contacting.
Duesenfeld 放电系统通过在放电过程中进行永久性的软件监控，最大程度地保证了安全性和防止错误操作。例如，连接的锂离子电池可以在运行过程中通过快速接触安全、方便地更换。

Thanks to the patented technology, there is no further electrical risk involved in the subsequent process steps. At the same time, there is no need for high-voltage authorised personnel for the subsequent optional disassembly of lithium-ion battery packs.
由于采用了专利技术，在随后的加工步骤中不会再有电气风险。同时，在随后可选的锂离子电池组拆卸过程中，也不需要高压授权人员。

Duesenfeld discharging of lithium-ion batteries ensures employee protection, process safety and high efficiency.
杜森费尔德锂离子电池放电技术可确保员工保护、工艺安全和高效率。

Mechanical Processing 机械加工

The mechanical treatment of lithium-ion batteries is a demanding task due to the flammable electrolyte and dangerous ingredients. For safe reprocessing, Duesenfeld has developed and patented a process that eliminates the specific hazards in the process.
由于锂离子电池含有易燃的电解液和危险成分，因此对其进行机械处理是一项艰巨的任务。为了实现安全的再处理，杜森菲尔德开发了一种工艺并申请了专利，该工艺可消除处理过程中的特殊危险。

After discharge and disassembly, the batteries are comminuted under an inert gas atmosphere and the solvent of the electrolyte is recovered from the comminuted material by vacuum distillation. A low process temperature prevents the formation of toxic gases, so no exhaust gas scrubbing is necessary. The separated solvent has a very high purity level because the production of hydrogen fluoride from reaction products is avoided. The solvent is sent to the chemical industry for further processing.
放电和拆卸后，电池在惰性气体环境下进行粉碎，并通过真空蒸馏从粉碎材料中回收电解液溶剂。较低的工艺温度可防止有毒气体的形成，因此无需进行废气洗涤。分离出来的溶剂纯度非常高，因为可以避免从反应产物中产生氟化氢。溶剂被送往化学工业进行进一步加工。

The plant is also able to process dry electrode scraps from battery cell production. No retooling is necessary and the shredded material can be taken to the next stage of the sorting process without the need for drying time.
该设备还能处理电池生产过程中产生的干电极碎片。无需重新装备，切碎的材料可直接进入下一阶段的分拣流程，无需干燥时间。

The shredded material is separated into different material fractions on the basis of physical properties such as grain size, density, magnetic and electrical properties, which are further processed metallurgically. The iron, copper and aluminium fractions are fed to established recycling routes. To process the so-called black mass, which contains the electrode active materials and the conductive salt, Duesenfeld has developed a hydrometallurgical process. With this patented process, the metals cobalt, lithium, nickel and manganese as well as graphite are recovered from the black mass.
切碎的材料根据物理特性（如粒度、密度、磁性和电性）被分成不同的材料部分，并对其进行进一步的冶金处理。铁、铜和铝碎片被送往既定的回收路线。为了处理含有电极活性材料和导电盐的所谓 "黑块"，杜森菲尔德开发了一种湿法冶金工艺。通过这种已获专利的工艺，可以从黑渣中回收金属钴、锂、镍、锰以及石墨。

Hydrometallurgy 湿法冶金

In most of the currently industrial hydrometallurgical processes for processing the black mass, only cobalt and nickel are recovered. Lithium, manganese and graphite are lost in these processes and are thus removed from the material cycle. Duesenfeld has developed and patented its own process, which enables a complete recirculation through the production of battery-quality raw materials of the electrode active materials.
在目前大多数用于加工黑色物质的工业湿法冶金工艺中，只能回收钴和镍。锂、锰和石墨在这些工艺中会损失，因此被从材料循环中去除。Duesenfeld 已开发出自己的工艺并申请了专利，该工艺可通过生产电池级原材料实现电极活性材料的完全循环。

A particular challenge in the hydrometallurgical processing of the black mass is the fluorine-containing conductive salt, which can lead to the formation of hydrogen fluoride during wet chemical processing. By means of a patented, specific pretreatment step, Duesenfeld completely removes the fluoride before leaching, which reliably prevents the formation of hydrogen fluoride. After the fluoride removal, the metals are leached and thus separated from the graphite, lithium, cobalt, nickel and manganese are separated from each other by means of various extraction methods, purified and recovered in the form of salts. The salts serve as starting materials for the production of new cathode active materials.
在黑矿石的湿法冶金加工过程中，含氟导电盐是一个特殊的难题，它可能导致在湿法化学加工过程中形成氟化氢。Duesenfeld 通过专利的特殊预处理步骤，在浸出前完全去除氟化物，从而可靠地防止了氟化氢的形成。在去除氟化物后，金属被浸出，从而与石墨分离，锂、钴、镍和锰通过各种萃取方法相互分离，并以盐的形式纯化和回收。这些盐类可作为生产新型阴极活性材料的起始材料。