Author Guidelines  作者指南

Aims and Scope  目标与范围

The Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle is an open access, peer-reviewed international journal dedicated to publishing materials that are related to cachexia and sarcopenia, as well as to body composition and its physiological and pathophysiological changes during the lifespan and in response to different illnesses from all fields of the life sciences.
《消瘦、肌肉减少症与肌肉杂志》是一本开放获取、同行评审的国际期刊，致力于发表与消瘦、肌肉减少症相关，以及与身体成分及其在生命周期内以及应对不同疾病时的生理和病理生理变化相关的材料，涵盖生命科学的所有领域。

The term cachexia describes involuntary weight loss that is observed in the course of many chronic diseases, and is one of the most debilitating and life-threatening aspects of various illnesses at advanced stages. Cachexia, wasting syndromes and sarcopenia are becoming a concerning challenge for an increasing number of patients, their relatives and the medical teams caring for them. The Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle aims to offer a reliable resource to all professionals who are interested in related research or who are involved in the clinical care of affected patients, for example those suffering from AIDS, cancer, chronic heart failure, chronic lung disease, liver cirrhosis, chronic kidney failure, rheumatoid arthritis, or sepsis.
cachexia 一词描述的是在许多慢性疾病过程中观察到的非自愿性体重减轻，是各种疾病晚期最致残和最具生命威胁的方面之一。肌肉萎缩、消耗综合征和肌肉减少症正成为越来越多的患者、他们的亲属以及照顾他们的医疗团队面临的令人担忧的挑战。《消瘦、肌肉减少症与肌肉杂志》旨在为所有对相关研究感兴趣或参与受影响患者临床护理的专业人士提供可靠的资源，例如那些患有艾滋病、癌症、慢性心力衰竭、慢性肺病、肝硬化、慢性肾功能衰竭、类风湿性关节炎或败血症的患者。

Alterations in body composition, particularly those affecting skeletal muscle, are key elements in the ageing process and in the pathophysiology of several chronic illnesses. Sarcopenia, i.e. loss of functional muscle mass without weight loss, is part of the ageing process and may play a role in reduced physical performance, falls, and disability. Studies on the functional importance of fat tissue and mechanisms leading to lipolysis are equally of interest as are studies on mechanisms of muscle wasting.
身体成分的改变，尤其是影响骨骼肌的改变，是衰老过程和多种慢性疾病的病理生理学关键要素。肌肉减少症，即无体重减轻的功能性肌肉量减少，是衰老过程的一部分，可能在降低体能、跌倒和残疾中发挥作用。关于脂肪组织功能重要性和导致脂肪分解的机制的研究同样引人关注，如同关于肌肉萎缩机制的研究。

The pathophysiology of cachexia involves a complex interaction between disease and body. Consequently, numerous potential therapeutic approaches are being considered and developed. Diagnostic and assessment approaches also involve researchers and clinicians seeking better screening and evaluation options and enhanced biomarkers through validated complementary investigations. This makes the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle a reliable resource of information for physicians, biochemists, biologists, dieticians, pharmacologists, and students dealing with cachexia, wasting and sarcopenia in various diseases.
病理生理学涉及疾病与身体的复杂相互作用。因此，正在考虑和开发多种潜在的治疗方法。诊断和评估方法也涉及研究人员和临床医生寻求更好的筛查和评估选项，以及通过验证的辅助研究提高生物标志物。这使得《恶病质、肌肉减少症和肌肉》杂志成为医生、生物化学家、生物学家、营养师、药理学家和应对各种疾病中的恶病质、消瘦和肌肉减少症的学生可信赖的信息资源。

Pre-submission  提交前

Pre-submission Resources
提交前资源

Author Services  作者服务
Prior to submission, we encourage you to browse the ‘Author Resources’ section of the Wiley Author Services website: http://authorservices.wiley.com/bauthor/author.asp.
在提交之前，我们鼓励您浏览 Wiley 作者服务网站上的“作者资源”部分：http://authorservices.wiley.com/bauthor/author.asp。
This site includes useful information on copyright matters, ethics, electronic artwork guidelines, and how to optimise your article for discovery by search engines.
本网站包含有关版权问题、伦理、电子艺术品指南以及如何优化您的文章以便搜索引擎发现的有用信息。

Article Preparation Support
文章准备支持
Wiley Editing Services offers expert help with English Language Editing, as well as translation, manuscript formatting, figure illustration, figure formatting, and graphical abstract design – so you can submit your manuscript with confidence.
威立编辑服务提供英语语言编辑的专业帮助，以及翻译、稿件格式化、图表插图、图表格式化和图形摘要设计——让您可以自信地提交您的稿件。
Also, check out our resources for Preparing Your Article for general guidance about writing and preparing your manuscript.
也请查看我们的“准备您的文章”资源，以获取关于写作和准备手稿的一般指导。

Manuscript Categories and Criteria
稿件类别及标准

The Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle accepts the following categories of articles:
《消瘦、肌肉减少症和肌肉杂志》接受以下类别的文章：

Original Articles  原文文章
These should not exceed 4500 words (excluding abstract, references, tables and figures) and may include up to 8 figures (max of 6 sub-sections per figure) and/or tables and up to 40 references. Additional figures, tables and references should be submitted as supplement.
这些不应超过 4500 字（不包括摘要、参考文献、表格和图表），并可能包含最多 8 个图表（每个图表最多 6 个子节），以及/或表格和最多 40 个参考文献。额外的图表、表格和参考文献应作为补充材料提交。
The article should be divided into the following sections: Title page, Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgements (funding, conflict of interest, ethical guidelines statement).
文章应分为以下部分：标题页、摘要、关键词、引言、方法、结果、讨论、致谢（资助、利益冲突、伦理指导声明）。
The abstract of Original Articles should be divided into the sections Background, Methods, Results, Conclusions and should not exceed 400 words. Important note: the abstract needs to be data rich and contain all main study results. Descriptive results abstracts are not acceptable. For clinical trial submissions, see extra comments.
摘要应分为背景、方法、结果和结论等部分，字数不得超过 400 字。重要提示：摘要需数据丰富，包含所有主要研究结果。描述性结果摘要不可接受。关于临床试验提交，请参阅额外注释。
Reporting on Clinical Trials
报告临床试验

• Typically results should be presented according to intention-to-treat (for efficacy). Reporting on safety data and trials using non-inferiority designs may use other methodology.
  通常结果应根据意向治疗（针对疗效）进行呈现。关于安全性数据和采用非劣效性设计的试验的报告可能使用其他方法。
• Biostatistical approaches should be described and the responsible biostatistician should be identified. Note: a clinical trial can only have one primary efficacy endpoint, unless alpha-splitting or a Hochberg procedure (or similar approaches) are used. Please submit a copy of the statistical analysis plan in English
  生物统计学方法应予以描述，并应指明负责的生物统计学家。注意：除非使用α分割或 Hochberg 程序（或类似方法），临床试验只能有一个主要疗效终点。请提交一份英文的统计分析计划副本。
• Submit the trial protocol in an English translation as appendix. 
  提交英文翻译的试验方案作为附录。
• Consider working the trial statistician together with an experienced trialist to bring the reporting of the study to highest standards.
  考虑与经验丰富的临床试验者一起工作，以将研究的报告提升到最高标准。
• The trial must have been registered before its start. Please provide registration details (i.e. the NCT number etc). 
  试验必须在开始前注册。请提供注册详情（例如 NCT 编号等）。

Studies describing survival rates and prognostic associations, must provide
研究描述生存率和预后关联的，必须提供
1) in the abstract and 2) in the methods or results section (as appropriate) the number of events observed in the overall cohort, as well as the 1 year mortality rate (with 95%CI) and, if appropriate, also the 5 year mortality rate (with 95%CI) and/or the 3 month mortality rate (with 95%CI). This will serve to assess the power of the study. Novel prognostic markers should be studied in cohorts with at least 60-100 events. Novel prognostic scores should be studied in cohorts with at least 150-200 events. Validation of prognostic factors in a second cohort is strongly recommended to independently validate suggested best cut-offs that are based on the first (derivation) cohort results.
1）在摘要中以及 2）在方法或结果部分（如适用），应报告总体队列中观察到的事件数量，以及 1 年死亡率（95%CI）和，如果适用，5 年死亡率（95%CI）以及/或 3 个月死亡率（95%CI）。这将有助于评估研究的力量。应在至少有 60-100 个事件的队列中研究新的预后标志物。应在至少有 150-200 个事件的队列中研究新的预后评分。强烈建议在第二个队列中验证预后因素，以独立验证基于第一个（推导）队列结果的建议最佳截断值。

Reviews  评论
These should not exceed 6000 words (excluding abstract, references, tables and figures) and may include up to 8 figures (max of 6 sub-sections per figure) and/or tables and up to 120 references. Additional figures, tables and references should be submitted as supplement. The abstract can be unstructured and should not exceed 400 words. Important note: the abstract needs to be data/information rich.
这些不应超过 6000 字（不包括摘要、参考文献、表格和图表），并可能包含最多 8 个图表（每个图表最多 6 个子节），以及/或表格和最多 120 个参考文献。额外的图表、表格和参考文献应作为补充材料提交。摘要可以是未结构化的，但不应超过 400 字。重要提示：摘要需要包含丰富数据/信息。

Editorials (by invitation only)
评论文章（仅邀请制）
These should not exceed 1500 words (excluding references, tables and figures) and include typically one, with exceptions two figures and/or tables and up to 20 references (exceptions are made for submissions in the “Facts & Numbers” series and statistical analyses). Typically, Editorials do not contain an abstract, except for submissions in the “Facts & Numbers” series (up to 400 words, data/information rich).
这些字数不应超过 1500 字（不包括参考文献、表格和图表），通常包含一张，例外情况下可包含两张图表和/或表格，以及最多 20 条参考文献（“事实与数字”系列投稿和统计分析除外）。通常，社论不包含摘要，除非是“事实与数字”系列的投稿（最多 400 字，数据/信息丰富）。

Research/Scientific Letters
研究/科学信函
These should not exceed 1200 words (excluding references, tables and figures) and include typically one figure and/or table and up to 10 references).
这些不应超过 1200 字（不包括参考文献、表格和图表），通常包含一个图表和/或一个表格以及最多 10 篇参考文献。

Short Report  简短报告
These should not exceed 1500 words (excluding references, tables and figures) and include up to two figures and/or table and up to 10 references).
这些不应超过 1500 字（不包括参考文献、表格和图表），并包含最多两张图表和/或表格以及最多 10 篇参考文献。

Meeting Report   会议报告
These should not exceed 1500 words, and up to 20 references.
这些不应超过 1500 字，最多 20 个参考文献。

Reply, and Letters to the Editor
回复，以及编者信
These should not exceed 1200 words
这些不应超过 1200 字
 

Manuscript Submission  稿件提交
Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before; that it is not under consideration for publication anywhere else; that its publication has been approved by all co-authors, if any, as well as by the responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – at the institute where the work has been carried out. The publisher will not be held legally responsible should there be any claims for compensation.
提交稿件意味着：所描述的工作之前未曾发表；它未被任何其他地方考虑发表；如果有的话，其发表已得到所有合著者以及负责机构——默示或明确——在该工作进行的机构的批准。如果出现任何索赔赔偿，出版商将不承担法律责任。

Manuscripts submitted and accepted for publication will be published as open access articles, immediately free to read, download and share. Authors or their funder will shortly be required to pay an Article Publication Charge upon acceptance.
提交并获接受的稿件将以开放获取文章的形式发表，立即免费阅读、下载和分享。作者或其资助者将在接受后不久被要求支付文章发表费。

Permissions  授权
Authors wishing to include figures, tables, or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
作者如需包含已发表在其他地方的图表、表格或文字段落，必须获得版权所有者的许可，包括印刷版和在线版，并在提交论文时提供已获得此类许可的证据。未提供此类证据的材料将被视为作者原创。

Please be aware that some publishers do not grant electronic rights for free and that Wiley will not be able to refund any costs that may have occurred to receive these permissions. In such cases, material from other sources should be used.
请注意，一些出版商不免费授予电子版权，并且 Wiley 无法退还为获取这些许可可能产生的任何费用。在这种情况下，应使用其他来源的材料。
Posting of unrefereed manuscripts to a community preprint server (e.g. arXiv or bioRxiv) by the author does not preclude consideration for publication. Authors who post to a community preprint server should identity the preprint server and include the accession # or doi in their cover letter. Upon publication, authors should request that the respective community preprint server acknowledges that the article has been published and add that the journal reference [including DOI link to the published article] is included.
将未经同行评审的手稿发布到社区预印本服务器（例如 arXiv 或 bioRxiv）并不妨碍其被考虑发表。作者在社区预印本服务器上发布时，应在信函中注明预印本服务器名称并包含存取号或 DOI。发表后，作者应要求相应的社区预印本服务器确认文章已发表，并添加期刊参考文献[包括已发表文章的 DOI 链接]。

Submission  提交
Please submit your manuscript online at https://www.editorialmanager.com/jcsm/
请将您的稿件在线提交至 https://www.editorialmanager.com/jcsm/

Parts of the Manuscript  手稿部分

Title Page  标题页
The title page should include:
标题页应包括：
- The name(s) of the author(s)- A concise and informative title. The title should include a maximum of 120 characters or 15 words.
- 作者姓名 - 简明扼要的标题。标题应包含最多 120 个字符或 15 个单词。
- The affiliation(s) and address(es) of the author(s)
- 作者的所属机构及地址
- The e-mail address, telephone and fax numbers of the corresponding author
- 对应作者的电子邮件地址、电话和传真号码

Corresponding Author  对应作者
JCSM allows for only one corresponding author per manuscript submission. The corresponding author serves as the main contact for the journal office and is the sole author who can access or modify the manuscript during the editorial review process. Once the manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors have the option to appoint up to two additional individuals who can be contacted by readers.
JCSM 允许每篇投稿只指定一位通讯作者。通讯作者作为期刊办公室的主要联系人，是唯一可以在编辑审稿过程中访问或修改稿件作者。一旦稿件被接受发表，作者可以选择指定最多两位读者可以联系的其他个人。

Modifications to the list of authors after submission, such as changes in the order of authors or the addition or removal of authors, require the agreement of all authors concerned.
提交后对作者名单的修改，如作者顺序的改变或作者的增加或删除，需要所有相关作者的同意。

After a manuscript has been accepted, no modifications to authorship are permitted. This includes adding or removing authors, changing the Corresponding Author, or adjusting the order of authors.
一旦稿件被接受，不得对作者身份进行任何修改。这包括添加或删除作者、更改通讯作者或调整作者顺序。

Abstract  摘要
The authors are required to pay particular attention to preparing their abstract as this is a reflection of their work and may be the only part that is read by some readers. The abstract may not contain more than 400  words.
作者必须特别注意准备他们的摘要，因为这反映了他们的工作，并且可能是某些读者唯一阅读的部分。摘要的字数不得超过 400 字。
The abstract should be formatted with the following heading: (1) Background, (2) Methods (3) Results, (4) Conclusions. The results section of the abstract should summarize the main results supported by actual data in terms of numbers and key characteristics of the study cohort (if applicable), percentages, percent differences, important correlations/associations, hazard or odds ratios and similar information including also some p-values etc. For clinical studies, please always mention the number of patients and some important characteristics of the study population (e.g. % females, mean age+/- SD, etc.). Please pay particular attention for the abstract to be easily understandable and avoid excessive use of abbreviations. Be to the point and check whether the key messages are presented including important facts and p-values supporting these messages. If in doubt, add more data rather than less. Please omit all "filling words" used for style such as "thus", "therefore", "moreover" and the like. You will find, that these are redundant in the vast majority of cases.
摘要应按照以下标题格式编排：（1）背景，（2）方法，（3）结果，（4）结论。摘要中的结果部分应总结主要结果，以实际数据的形式呈现，包括研究队列的关键特征（如适用），百分比，百分比差异，重要相关性/关联，风险比或优势比以及类似信息，包括一些 p 值等。对于临床研究，请始终提及患者数量和研究人群的一些重要特征（例如，女性百分比，平均年龄±标准差等）。请特别注意使摘要易于理解，并避免过度使用缩写。简明扼要，并检查是否呈现了关键信息，包括支持这些信息的重点事实和 p 值。如有疑问，宁添数据勿减。请省略所有用于风格的“填充词”如“因此”，“因此”，“此外”等。您会发现，在绝大多数情况下，这些是多余的。

Keywords  关键词
Please provide 4 to 6 keywords which can be used for indexing purposes.
请提供 4 至 6 个可用于索引的关键词。

Text  文本
Manuscripts should be submitted in Word.
稿件应使用 Word 格式提交。
• Use a normal, plain font (e.g., 10-point Times Roman) for text.
• 使用普通、无衬线字体（例如 10 磅 Times Roman）进行文本排版。
• Use italics for emphasis.
• 使用斜体表示强调。
• Use the automatic page numbering function to number the pages.
• 使用自动页码功能进行页码编号。
• Do not use field functions.
• 不要使用域函数。
• Use tab stops or other commands for indents, not the space bar.
• 使用制表符或其他命令进行缩进，而不是空格键。
• Use the table function, not spreadsheets, to make tables.
• 使用表格功能，而不是电子表格，来制作表格。
• Use the equation editor or MathType for equations.
• 使用公式编辑器或 MathType 进行方程式编辑。
• Save your file in docx format (Word 2007 or higher) or doc format (older Word versions).
• 将您的文件保存为 docx 格式（Word 2007 及以上版本）或 doc 格式（较老版本的 Word）。
Manuscripts with mathematical content can also be submitted in LaTeX.
手稿中包含数学内容的也可以用 LaTeX 格式提交。

Headings  标题
Please use no more than three levels of displayed headings.
请使用不超过三级显示标题。

Abbreviations  缩写
The use of abbreviations – particularly of unusual abbreviations – should be very limited. Abbreviation must be explained when used first in the text, but also in the footnotes of Tables and Figures. We recommend to avoid using abbreviations as much as possible in the abstract as well as in the conclusion part of the paper.
缩写词的使用——尤其是不常见的缩写词——应非常有限。首次在文本中使用缩写时必须进行解释，同时也在表格和图注的脚注中进行解释。我们建议在摘要以及论文的结论部分尽可能避免使用缩写词。

Footnotes  脚注
Footnotes can be used to give additional information, which may include the citation of a reference included in the reference list. They should not consist solely of a reference citation, and they should never include the bibliographic details of a reference. They should also not contain any figures or tables.
脚注可以用来提供额外信息，这可能包括引用参考文献列表中包含的参考文献。它们不应仅由参考文献引用组成，也不应包含参考文献的文献细节。它们也不应包含任何图表或表格。
Footnotes to the text are numbered consecutively; those to tables should be indicated by superscript lower-case letters (or asterisks for significance values and other statistical data). Footnotes to the title or the authors of the article are not given reference symbols.
文本的脚注应连续编号；表格的脚注应使用上标小写字母（或星号表示显著性值和其他统计数据）。文章标题或作者名称的脚注不使用参考符号。
Always use footnotes instead of endnotes.
始终使用脚注而不是尾注。

Acknowledgments  致谢
Acknowledgments of people, grants, funds, etc. should be placed in a separate section before the reference list. The names of funding organizations should be written in full.
致谢人员、资助、资金等应放在参考文献列表之前的一个单独部分。资助组织的名称应完整书写。
 
Ethical standards  伦理标准
All authors must certify in their manuscript that they comply with the Ethical guidelines for authorship and publishing in the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle.
所有作者必须在他们的稿件中声明，他们遵守《 cachexia，Sarcopenia 和 Muscle 杂志》的作者资格和出版伦理指南。

• Ethical guidelines  伦理准则

Manuscripts submitted for publication must contain a statement to the effect that all human and animal studies have been approved by the appropriate ethics committee and have therefore been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.
稿件提交发表时必须包含声明，表明所有人类和动物研究已获得相应伦理委员会的批准，因此已按照 1964 年赫尔辛基宣言及其后续修正案中规定的伦理标准进行。

It should also be stated clearly in the text that all persons gave their informed consent prior to their inclusion in the study. Details that might disclose the identity of the subjects under study should be omitted.
应明确在文中说明所有参与者在被纳入研究之前均已提供知情同意。可能泄露研究受试者身份的细节应予以省略。

These statements should be added in a separate section before the reference list. If these statements are not applicable, authors should state: The manuscript does not contain clinical studies or patient data.
这些声明应单独成节，置于参考文献列表之前。如果这些声明不适用，作者应声明：本文献不含临床研究或患者数据。

The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the above-mentioned requirements. The author will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements.
编辑保留拒绝不符合上述要求的稿件的权利。作者将因虚假陈述或未能满足上述要求而承担责任。

Conflict of Interest  利益冲突
When an author or the institution of the author has a relationship, financial or otherwise, with individuals or organizations that could influence the author’s work inappropriately, a conflict of interest may exist. Examples of potential conflicts of interest may include but are not limited to academic, personal, or political relationships; employment; consultancies or honoraria; and finical connections such as stock ownership and funding. Although an author may not feel that there are conflicts, disclosure of relationships and interests that could be viewed by others as conflicts of interest affords a more transparent and prudent process.
当作者或作者所属机构与可能不当影响作者工作的个人或组织存在关系，无论是财务关系还是其他关系时，可能存在利益冲突。潜在的利益冲突可能包括但不限于学术、个人或政治关系；雇佣关系；咨询或酬金；以及金融联系，如股票所有权和资金。尽管作者可能认为自己没有利益冲突，但披露可能被视为利益冲突的关系和利益，可以使过程更加透明和谨慎。
Each individual author must disclose any current or potential conflict of interest.
每位作者必须披露任何当前或潜在的利益冲突。

References  参考文献
Up to 40 (Original Articles)/ 120 (Reviews) references deemed to be of utmost importance by the authors can be referenced in the manuscript itself. Should the authors wish to cite more than 40/ 120 references, those exceeding the limit can be cited as part of an online supplement. The online supplement including additional references is supposed to include those deemed to be of secondary importance. We discourage to simply cut the reference list at 40/ 120, because this approach does not represent a meaningful selection. The numbering of the additional references should start with S1, S2, S3 etc.
至多 40（原创文章）/120（综述）篇作者认为极其重要的参考文献可以在稿件本身中引用。如果作者希望引用超过 40/120 篇参考文献，超出限制的参考文献可以作为在线补充部分引用。包括额外参考文献的在线补充应包括那些被认为次要重要的参考文献。我们反对简单地将参考文献列表限制在 40/120 篇，因为这种方法不代表有意义的筛选。额外参考文献的编号应从 S1、S2、S3 等开始。

Citation  引用
Reference citations in the text should be identified by numbers in square brackets. Some examples:
文本中的参考文献应通过方括号中的数字进行标识。以下是一些示例：
1. Negotiation research spans many disciplines [3].
1. 谈判研究涉及众多学科[3]。
2. This result was later contradicted by Becker and Seligman [5].
2. 此结果后来被 Becker 和 Seligman[5]所反驳。
3. This effect has been widely studied [1-3, 7].
3. 此效应已被广泛研究[1-3, 7]。

Reference Style  参考文献格式

As of August 15, 2024, there is no submission requirement for formatting references.
截至 2024 年 8 月 15 日，没有格式化参考文献的提交要求。

We do ask that authors use a consistent reference style throughout the manuscript and include:
我们要求作者在整个稿件中保持一致的参考文献格式，并包括：

• Author(s) name(s)  作者（们）姓名
• Journal title/book title
  期刊名称/书籍名称
• Article title (where applicable)
  文章标题（如适用）
• Year of Publication  出版年份
• Volume & Issue / Book Chapter
  卷号 & 期号 / 书籍章节
• Pagination  分页
• Optional: DOI  可选：DOI

If your manuscript is accepted for publication, we will update the formatting into the journal style.
如果您的稿件被接受发表，我们将将其格式更新为期刊风格。

Tables  表格

• All tables are to be numbered using Arabic numerals.
  所有表格均需使用阿拉伯数字编号。
  • Tables should always be cited in text in consecutive numerical order.
  • 表格应始终在正文中按顺序连续编号引用。
  • For each table, please supply a table caption (title) explaining the components of the table.
  • 对于每个表格，请提供表格标题（名称），解释表格的组成部分。
  • Identify any previously published material by giving the original source in the form of a reference at the end of the table caption.
  • 通过在表格标题末尾给出参考文献的形式，识别任何已发表的先前材料。
  • Footnotes to tables should be indicated by superscript lower-case letters (or asterisks for significance values and other statistical data) and included beneath the table body.
  • 表格的脚注应以上标小写字母（或星号表示显著性值和其他统计数据）标注，并置于表格正文下方。

 
Artwork and Illustrations Guidelines
艺术品和插图指南

• Supply all figures electronically.
  提供所有图表的电子版。
  • Indicate what graphics program was used to create the artwork.
  • 指明用于创建作品的图形程序。
  • For vector graphics, the preferred format is EPS; for halftones, please use TIFF format. MSOffice files are also acceptable.
  • 对于矢量图形，首选格式为 EPS；对于半色调图像，请使用 TIFF 格式。MSOffice 文件也可接受。
  • Vector graphics containing fonts must have the fonts embedded in the files.
  • 包含字体的矢量图形必须将字体嵌入到文件中。
• A maximum of 6 sub-sections per figure is allowed. These should be labelled from a-f. All other figures need to be published in an online supplement.
  每张图最多允许有 6 个子节。这些子节应从 a 到 f 进行标记。所有其他图需要在线补充中发表。
  • Name your figure files with "Fig" and the figure number, e.g., Fig1.eps.
  • 将图文件命名为“图”和图号，例如，图 1.eps。
  For further information, please visit http://authorservices.wiley.com/electronicartworkguidelines.pdf
  请访问 http://authorservices.wiley.com/electronicartworkguidelines.pdf 获取更多信息

Line Art  线条艺术

• Definition: Black and white graphic with no shading.
  定义：无阴影的黑白图形。
  • Do not use faint lines and/or lettering and check that all lines and lettering within the figures are legible at final size.
  • 请勿使用细线及/或字体，并确保图中的所有线条和字体在最终尺寸下均清晰可辨。
  • All lines should be at least 0.1 mm (0.3 pt) wide.
  所有线条应至少宽 0.1 毫米（0.3 磅）。
  • Scanned line drawings and line drawings in bitmap format should have a minimum resolution of 1200 dpi.
  • 扫描线图和位图格式的线图应具有最低 1200 dpi 的分辨率。
  • Vector graphics containing fonts must have the fonts embedded in the files.
  • 包含字体的矢量图形必须将字体嵌入到文件中。

Halftone Art  半色调艺术

• Definition: Photographs, drawings, or paintings with fine shading, etc.
  定义：具有精细阴影的摄影、绘画或画作等。
  • If any magnification is used in the photographs, indicate this by using scale bars within the figures themselves.
  • 如果照片中使用了放大，请在图内使用比例尺标明。
  • Halftones should have a minimum resolution of 300 dpi.
  • 半色调应具有至少 300 dpi 的分辨率。

Combination Art  组合艺术

• Definition: a combination of halftone and line art, e.g., halftones containing line drawing, extensive lettering, color diagrams, etc.
  定义：半色调与线条艺术的结合，例如包含线条绘图、大量文字、彩色图表等。
  • Combination artwork should have a minimum resolution of 600 dpi.
  • 组合艺术品应具有至少 600 dpi 的分辨率。

Color illustrations  彩色插图
Online publication of color illustrations is free of charge.
在线发布彩色插图免费。
Color illustrations should be submitted as RGB (8 bits per channel).
彩色插图应以 RGB（每通道 8 位）格式提交。

Figure Lettering  图编号

• To add lettering, it is best to use Helvetica or Arial (sans serif fonts).
  为了添加文字，最好使用 Helvetica 或 Arial（无衬线字体）。
  • Keep lettering consistently sized throughout your final-sized artwork, usually about 2–3 mm (8–12 pt).
  • 在您最终尺寸的艺术作品中保持字体大小一致，通常约为 2-3 毫米（8-12 磅）。
  • Variance of type size within an illustration should be minimal, e.g., do not use 8-pt type on an axis and 20-pt type for the axis label.
  • 图中字体大小变化应尽可能小，例如，不要在轴上使用 8 磅字体，而在轴标签上使用 20 磅字体。
  • Avoid effects such as shading, outline letters, etc.
  • 避免阴影、轮廓字母等效果。
  • Do not include titles or captions within your illustrations.
  • 请勿在您的插图内包含标题或字幕。

Figure Numbering  图编号

• All figures are to be numbered using Arabic numerals.
  所有图表均需使用阿拉伯数字编号。
  • Figures should always be cited in text in consecutive numerical order.
  • 图表应在文中按顺序连续编号引用。
  • Figure parts should be denoted by lowercase letters (a, b, c, etc.).
  • 图中部件应以小写字母（a、b、c 等）表示。
  • If an appendix appears in your article and it contains one or more figures, continue the consecutive numbering of the main text. Do not number the appendix figures,
  • 如果您的文章中出现了附录，并且其中包含一个或多个图表，则继续对正文进行连续编号。不要对附录中的图表进行编号。
  "A1, A2, A3, etc." Figures in online appendices (Electronic Supporting Information) should, however, be numbered separately, e.g. Figure S1, Table S1.
  A1, A2, A3, 等等。在线附录（电子补充信息）中的图表应单独编号，例如图 S1，表 S1。

Figure Captions  图题

• Each figure should have a concise caption describing accurately what the figure depicts. Include the captions in the text file of the manuscript, not in the figure file.
  每张图表都应有一个简洁的标题，准确描述图表所展示的内容。请将标题包含在稿件文本文件中，而不是图表文件中。
  • Figure captions begin with the term Fig. in bold type, followed by the figure number, also in bold type.
  • 图注以粗体形式的“图”字开头，后跟图号，也用粗体表示。
  • No punctuation is to be included after the number, nor is any punctuation to be placed at the end of the caption.
  • 数字后不得添加标点符号，标题末尾也不得放置标点符号。
  • Identify all elements found in the figure in the figure caption; and use boxes, circles, etc., as coordinate points in graphs.
  • 在图题中识别图中所有元素；并在图中使用方框、圆圈等作为坐标点。
  • Identify previously published material by giving the original source in the form of a reference citation at the end of the figure caption.
  • 通过在图题下方给出参考文献的形式，识别已发表的资料。

Figure Placement and Size
图放置和尺寸

• When preparing your figures, size figures to fit in the column width.
  在准备您的图表时，将图表尺寸调整为适合栏宽。

Accessibility  可访问性
In order to give people of all abilities and disabilities access to the content of your figures, please make sure that
为了使所有能力和残疾的人都能访问您图表的内容，请确保
• All figures have descriptive captions (blind users could then use a text-to-speech software or a text-to-Braille hardware)
所有图表均有描述性标题（盲人用户可以使用文本到语音软件或文本到盲文硬件）
• Patterns are used instead of or in addition to colors for conveying information (colorblind users would then be able to distinguish the visual elements)
• 模式被用来代替或与颜色一起传达信息（色盲用户因此能够区分视觉元素）
• Any figure lettering has a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1
• 任何图形字母的对比度至少为 4.5:1
 
Supporting Information  支持信息
Supporting information is not essential to the article but provides greater depth and background and may include tables, figures, videos, datasets, etc. This material should be submitted at the same time as the main manuscript, and will appear online, without editing or typesetting. Guidelines on how to prepare this material and which formats and file sizes are acceptable can be found at http://authorservices.wiley.com/bauthor/suppmat.asp.
支持信息对于文章并非必需，但提供了更深入和背景信息，可能包括表格、图表、视频、数据集等。此材料应与主要稿件同时提交，并将在线发布，无需编辑或排版。有关如何准备此材料以及可接受的格式和文件大小的指南，请参阅 http://authorservices.wiley.com/bauthor/suppmat.asp。
Please note that supporting information will be assessed critically by reviewers and editors and will only be accepted if it adds value to the paper. Supporting information should not contain data that are critical to the paper.
请注意，审稿人和编辑将对支持信息进行批判性评估，并且只有当其能为论文增加价值时才会被接受。支持信息不应包含对论文至关重要的数据。

Submission  提交

• Supply all supporting information in standard file formats.
  提供所有支持信息，格式为标准文件格式。
  • Please include in each file the following information: article title, journal name, author names; affiliation and e-mail address of the corresponding author.
  请在每个文件中包含以下信息：文章标题、期刊名称、作者姓名；通讯作者的所属机构和电子邮件地址。
  • To accommodate user downloads, please keep in mind that larger-sized files may require very long download times and that some users may experience other problems during downloading.
  • 为适应用户下载，请注意，大文件可能需要非常长的下载时间，并且一些用户在下载过程中可能会遇到其他问题。

Audio, Video, and Animations
音频、视频和动画

• Always use MPEG-1 (.mpg) format.
  始终使用 MPEG-1（.mpg）格式。

Text and Presentations  文本与演示

• Submit your material in PDF format; .doc or .ppt files are not suitable for long-term viability.
  提交您的材料为 PDF 格式；.doc 或.ppt 文件不适合长期保存。
  • A collection of figures may also be combined in a PDF file.
  • 一组图表也可以合并到一个 PDF 文件中。

Spreadsheets  电子表格

• Spreadsheets should be converted to PDF if no interaction with the data is intended.
  电子表格应转换为 PDF 格式，如果不需要与数据进行交互。
  • If the readers should be encouraged to make their own calculations, spreadsheets should be submitted as .xls files (MS Excel).
  • 如果鼓励读者自行计算，则应提交为.xls 文件（MS Excel）的电子表格。

Specialized Formats  专业格式

• Specialized format such as .pdb (chemical), .wrl (VRML), .nb (Mathematica notebook), and .tex can also be supplied.
  专用格式如.pdb（化学）、.wrl（VRML）、.nb（Mathematica 笔记本）和.tex 也可以提供。

Collecting Multiple Files
收集多个文件

• It is possible to collect multiple files in a .zip or .gz file.
  可以收集多个文件到一个.zip 或.gz 文件中。

Numbering  编号

• If supplying any supporting information, the text must make specific mention of the material as a citation, similar to that of figures and tables.
  如果提供任何支持信息，文本必须具体提及该材料作为引用，类似于图表的引用方式。
  • Refer to the supporting information files as “Supporting Information”, e.g., "... as shown in the animation (Supporting Information Movie S3)", “... additional data are given in Supporting Information Appendix S4”.
  • 请将辅助信息文件称为“辅助信息”，例如，“... 如动画所示（辅助信息电影 S3）”，“... 在辅助信息附录 S4 中提供了额外数据”。
  • Name the files consecutively, e.g. “Supporting Information_Movie S3.mpg”, “Supporting Information_Appendix S4.pdf”.
  • 按顺序命名文件，例如“Supporting Information_电影 S3.mpg”，“Supporting Information_附录 S4.pdf”。

Captions  标题

• For each piece of Supporting Information, please supply a concise caption describing the content of the file.
  对于每份辅助信息，请提供一份简洁的标题，描述文件内容。
  Processing of Supporting Information
  处理辅助信息
  • Supporting Information will be published as received from the author without any conversion, editing, or reformatting.
  • 支持信息将按照作者提供的内容直接发布，不进行任何转换、编辑或重新排版。

Accessibility  可访问性
In order to give people of all abilities and disabilities access to the content of your Supporting Information files, please make sure that
为了使所有能力和残疾的人都能访问您的支持信息文件的内容，请确保
• The manuscript contains a descriptive caption for each piece of Supporting Information
• 手稿包含每项辅助信息的描述性标题
• Video files do not contain anything that flashes more than three times per second (so that users prone to seizures caused by such effects are not put at risk)
• 视频文件不包含每秒闪动超过三次的内容（以免易受此类效果引发癫痫的用户处于风险之中）
 

Post-Submission  提交后

Author Services  作者服务
Online production tracking is available for your article through Wiley's Author Services. Author Services enables authors to track their article, once it has been accepted, through the production process to publication. Authors can check the status of their articles online and choose to receive automated e-mails at key stages of production. The corresponding author will receive a unique link that enables them to register and have their article automatically added to the system. Please ensure that a complete e-mail address is provided when submitting the manuscript.
在线生产跟踪可通过 Wiley 的作者服务为您的文章提供。作者服务使作者能够在文章被接受后，通过生产过程跟踪至出版。作者可以在线检查其文章的状态，并在生产的关键阶段选择接收自动电子邮件。通讯作者将收到一个独特的链接，使他们能够注册并将文章自动添加到系统中。请在提交稿件时确保提供完整的电子邮件地址。
Visit http://authorservices.wiley.com/bauthor/default.asp for more details on online production tracking and for a wealth of resources including FAQs and tips on article preparation, submission and more.
访问 http://authorservices.wiley.com/bauthor/default.asp 获取更多关于在线生产跟踪的详细信息，以及包括常见问题解答和文章准备、提交等方面的丰富资源。

Peer-Review  同行评审
All articles will undergo a rigorous peer-review prior to acceptance. The Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle uses a single-blind peer-review process.
所有文章在发表前都将经过严格的同行评审。 cachexia、Sarcopenia 和肌肉杂志采用单盲同行评审流程。

Open Access Agreements  开放获取协议
This journal is a Gold Open Access journal. Submissions will be subject to an APC if accepted and published in the journal. You can read more about APCs and whether you may be eligible for waivers or discounts, through your institution, funder, or a country waiver. For more information on this journal’s APCs and licensing policy, please visit the journal’s Open Access page.
本期刊是一本黄金开放获取期刊。如果投稿被接受并在期刊上发表，将需支付 APC。您可以通过您的机构、资助者或国家豁免政策了解有关 APC 的更多信息以及您是否有资格获得豁免或折扣。有关本期刊的 APC 和许可政策更多信息，请访问期刊的开放获取页面。

Proof Corrections  校对证明
The corresponding author will receive an e-mail alert containing a link to a website. A working e-mail address must therefore be provided for the corresponding author. The proof can be downloaded as a PDF (portable document format) file from this site.
相应作者将收到一封包含网站链接的电子邮件提醒。因此，必须为相应作者提供一个有效的电子邮件地址。校样可以从此网站下载为 PDF（便携文档格式）文件。
Acrobat Reader will be required in order to read this file. This software can be downloaded (free of charge) from the Adobe website. This will enable the file to be opened, read on screen, and any corrections to be added in. Further instructions will be sent with the proof.
需要 Acrobat Reader 才能阅读此文件。此软件可从 Adobe 网站免费下载。这将使文件能够打开、在屏幕上阅读，并添加任何更正。进一步说明将与校样一同发送。
The purpose of the proof is to check for typesetting or conversion errors and the completeness and accuracy of the text, tables and figures. Substantial changes in content, e.g., new results, corrected values, title and authorship, are not allowed without the approval of the Editor.
证明的目的是检查排版或转换错误以及文本、表格和图表的完整性和准确性。未经编辑批准，不允许对内容进行重大修改，例如新增结果、更正数值、标题和作者身份。
After online publication, further changes can only be made in the form of an Erratum, which will be hyperlinked to the article.
在线发表后，进一步的修改只能以勘误表的形式进行，勘误表将与文章建立超链接。

Early View  预览
Early View articles are complete full-text articles published online in advance of their publication in an issue. Early View articles are the version of record and are complete and final. They have been fully reviewed, revised and edited for publication, and the authors’ final corrections have been incorporated. As they are in final form, no changes can be made after online publication. Early View articles are given a Digital Object Identifier (DOI), which allows the article to be cited and tracked before it is allocated to an issue. After issue publication, the DOI remains valid and can continue to be used to cite and access the article.
早期预览文章是在期刊出版之前在线发布的完整全文文章。早期预览文章是最终版本，内容完整且最终确定。它们已经经过全面审查、修改和编辑以供发表，并已纳入作者的最后修改。由于它们已经处于最终形式，在线发布后不得进行任何更改。早期预览文章被赋予数字对象标识符（DOI），这使得在文章分配到某一期之前可以对其进行引用和追踪。在期刊出版后，DOI 仍然有效，可以继续用于引用和访问文章。
 

Other Information  其他信息

Article Promotion Support
文章推广支持
Wiley Editing Services offers professional video, design, and writing services to create shareable video abstracts, infographics, conference posters, lay summaries, and research news stories for your research – so you can help your research get the attention it deserves.
威立编辑服务提供专业视频、设计和写作服务，为您的研究制作可分享的视频摘要、信息图表、会议海报、科普总结和研究新闻故事，以便您帮助您的研究获得应有的关注。

Reprints  复印本
As this is an open access journal, you have free, unlimited access to your article online. However, if you wish to obtain printed reprints, these may be ordered online: www.sheridan.com/wiley/eoc
由于这是一本开放获取的期刊，您可以免费无限制地在线访问您的文章。然而，如果您希望获得印刷版副本，这些可以通过以下网址在线订购：www.sheridan.com/wiley/eoc

Author Material Archival Policy
作者材料存档政策
Please note that unless specifically requested, Wiley will dispose of all hardcopy or electronic material submitted two months after publication. If you require the return of any material submitted, please inform the production editor as soon as possible.
请注意，除非特别要求，Wiley 将在出版两个月后将所有纸质或电子材料处理掉。如需退还提交的任何材料，请尽快通知生产编辑。